1
|
Zhang K, Wang Y, Sun Y, Xue L, Wang Y, Nie C, Fan M, Qian H, Ying H, Wang L, Li Y. Sirtuin 3 reinforces acylcarnitine metabolism and maintains thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue of aging mice. Aging Cell 2024:e14332. [PMID: 39348266 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Acylcarnitine (ACar) is a novel fuel source for activating thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, whether ACar metabolism underlies BAT thermogenesis decline with aging remain unclear. Here, the L-carnitine-treated young and aging mice were used to investigate the effects of activation of ACar metabolism on BAT thermogenesis during aging. We showed that long term L-carnitine feeding, which results in an elevation in circulating ACar levels, failed to improve cold sensitivity of aging mice, which still displayed impaired thermogenesis and ACar metabolism in interscapular BAT (iBAT). The RNA-sequencing was used to identify the key regulator for the response of aging mice to LCar induced activation of ACar metabolism in BAT, and we identified Sirt3 as a key regulator for the response of aging mice to L-carnitine induced activation of ACar metabolism in iBAT. Then the adipose-specific Sirt3 knockout (Sirt3 AKO) mice were used to investigate the role of Sirt3 in ACar metabolism and thermogenesis of BAT and explore the underlying mechanism, and the results showed that Sirt3 AKO mice displayed defective ACar metabolism and thermogenesis in iBAT. Mechanically, Sirt3 regulated ACar metabolism via HIF1α-PPARα signaling pathway to promote iBAT thermogenesis, and knockdown or inhibition of HIF1α ameliorated impaired ACar metabolism and thermogenesis of iBAT in the absence of Sirt3. Collectively, we propose that Sirt3 regulated ACar metabolism is critical in maintaining thermogenesis in BAT of aging mice, which can promote the development of anti-aging intervention strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuiliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Xuhui Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lamei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chenzhipeng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingcong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Ying
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang M, Ge J, Liu YL, Wang HY, Wang ZH, Li DP, He R, Xie YY, Deng HY, Peng XM, Wang WS, Liu JD, Zhu ZZ, Yu XF, Maretich P, Kajimura S, Pan RP, Chen Y. Sortilin-mediated translocation of mitochondrial ACSL1 impairs adipocyte thermogenesis and energy expenditure in male mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7746. [PMID: 39232011 PMCID: PMC11374900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Beige fat activation involves a fuel switch to fatty acid oxidation following chronic cold adaptation. Mitochondrial acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) localizes in the mitochondria and plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation; however, the regulatory mechanism of the subcellular localization remains poorly understood. Here, we identify an endosomal trafficking component sortilin (encoded by Sort1) in adipose tissues that shows dynamic expression during beige fat activation and facilitates the translocation of ACSL1 from the mitochondria to the endolysosomal pathway for degradation. Depletion of sortilin in adipocytes results in an increase of mitochondrial ACSL1 and the activation of AMPK/PGC1α signaling, thereby activating beige fat and preventing high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Collectively, our findings indicate that sortilin controls adipose tissue fatty acid oxidation by substrate fuel selection during beige fat activation and provides a potential targeted approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Group of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Group of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Lian Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Group of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Group of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Han Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Group of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan-Pei Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Group of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui He
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Group of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Yu Xie
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Group of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Yan Deng
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Group of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Min Peng
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Group of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-She Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Group of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Dai Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Group of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeng-Zhe Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Group of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hubei, China
| | - Pema Maretich
- Research Laboratory of Electronics and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ru-Ping Pan
- Research Group of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Research Group of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Babcock SJ, Houten SM, Gillingham MB. A review of fatty acid oxidation disorder mouse models. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108351. [PMID: 38430613 PMCID: PMC11073919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAODs) are a family of rare, genetic disorders that affect any part of the fatty acid oxidation pathway. Patients present with severe phenotypes, such as hypoketotic hypoglycemia, cardiomyopathy, and rhabdomyolysis, and currently manage these symptoms by the avoidance of fasting and maintaining a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. Because knowledge about FAODs is limited due to the small number of patients, rodent models have been crucial in learning more about these disorders, particularly in studying the molecular mechanisms involved in different phenotypes and in evaluating treatments for patients. The purpose of this review is to present the different FAOD mouse models and highlight the benefits and limitations of using these models. Specifically, we discuss the phenotypes of the available FAOD mouse models, the potential molecular causes of prominent FAOD phenotypes that have been studied using FAOD mouse models, and how FAOD mouse models have been used to evaluate treatments for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J Babcock
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Sander M Houten
- Deparment of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie B Gillingham
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ziqubu K, Dludla PV, Mabhida SE, Jack BU, Keipert S, Jastroch M, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE. Brown adipose tissue-derived metabolites and their role in regulating metabolism. Metabolism 2024; 150:155709. [PMID: 37866810 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and rejuvenation of metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans have offered a new approach to treat obesity and metabolic diseases. Beyond its accomplished role in adaptive thermogenesis, BAT secretes signaling molecules known as "batokines", which are instrumental in regulating whole-body metabolism via autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine action. In addition to the intrinsic BAT metabolite-oxidizing activity, the endocrine functions of these molecules may help to explain the association between BAT activity and a healthy systemic metabolic profile. Herein, we review the evidence that underscores the significance of BAT-derived metabolites, especially highlighting their role in controlling physiological and metabolic processes involving thermogenesis, substrate metabolism, and other essential biological processes. The conversation extends to their capacity to enhance energy expenditure and mitigate features of obesity and its related metabolic complications. Thus, metabolites derived from BAT may provide new avenues for the discovery of metabolic health-promoting drugs with far-reaching impacts. This review aims to dissect the complexities of the secretory role of BAT in modulating local and systemic metabolism in metabolic health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho 2745, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Sihle E Mabhida
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Babalwa U Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Susanne Keipert
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song Y, Wei D, Raza SHA, Zhao Y, Jiang C, Song X, Wu H, Wang X, Luoreng Z, Ma Y. Research progress of intramuscular fat formation based on co-culture. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3216-3236. [PMID: 36200856 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2127410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is closely related to the meat quality of livestock and poultry. As a new cell culture technique in vitro, cell co-culture has been gradually applied to the related research of IMF formation because it can simulate the changes of microenvironment in vivo during the process of IMF cell formation. In the co-culture model, in addition to studying the effects of skeletal muscle cells on the proliferation and differentiation of IMF, we can also consider the role of many secretion factors in the formation of IMF, thus making the cell research in vitro closer to the real level in vivo. This paper reviewed the generation and origin of IMF, summarized the existing co-culture methods and systems, and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each method as well as the challenges faced in the establishment of the system, with emphasis on the current status of research on the formation of IMF for human and animal based on co-culture technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Song
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Dawei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | | | - Yiang Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Xingping Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhuoma Luoreng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Noriega L, Yang CY, Wang CH. Brown Fat and Nutrition: Implications for Nutritional Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:4072. [PMID: 37764855 PMCID: PMC10536824 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes are renowned for their unique ability to generate heat through a mechanism known as thermogenesis. This process can be induced by exposure to cold, hormonal signals, drugs, and dietary factors. The activation of these thermogenic adipocytes holds promise for improving glucose metabolism, reducing fat accumulation, and enhancing insulin sensitivity. However, the translation of preclinical findings into effective clinical therapies poses challenges, warranting further research to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation and function of brown and beige adipocytes. Consequently, research has focused on the development of drugs, such as mirabegron, ephedrine, and thyroid hormone, that mimic the effects of cold exposure to activate brown fat activity. Additionally, nutritional interventions have been explored as an alternative approach to minimize potential side effects. Brown fat and beige fat have emerged as promising targets for addressing nutritional imbalances, with the potential to develop strategies for mitigating the impact of metabolic diseases. Understanding the influence of nutritional factors on brown fat activity can facilitate the development of strategies to promote its activation and mitigate metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Noriega
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ying Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fallah F, Mahdavi R. L-Carnitine and synbiotic co-supplementation: beneficial effects on metabolic-endotoxemia, meta-inflammation, and oxidative-stress biomarkers in obese patients: a double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Food Funct 2023; 14:2172-2187. [PMID: 36752775 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03348h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic pandemic disease, is characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation, accompanied by over-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby contributing to metabolic disorders pathogenesis. Oxidative-stress, an adverse cellular response to adipocyte hypertrophy, promotes inflammation. Furthermore, gut-microbiota dysbiosis may induce oxidative-stress, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic-endotoxemia as major drivers of obesity. Functional-foods/nutraceuticals have attracted extensive attention due to their plausible anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidative properties; evidence supports the superiority of the nutraceutical combined-supplementation approach versus conventional mono-therapies. Current data suggest the anti-oxidative/anti-inflammatory properties of either L-carnitine or pre/pro/synbiotics. This trial compared the effects of co-supplementing L-carnitine and multi-species/multi-strain synbiotic versusL-carnitine mono-therapy on inflammatory/anti-inflammatory, oxidative-stress, and metabolic-endotoxemia biomarkers in 46 female obese patients, receiving either co-supplementation (L-carnitine-tartrate (2 × 500 mg d-1) + multi-species/multi-strain synbiotic (1 capsule per day)) or mono-therapy (L-carnitine-tartrate (2 × 500 mg d-1) + maltodextrin (1 capsule per day)) for eight weeks. L-Carnitine + synbiotic co-supplementation significantly decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6, -33.98%), high-sensitivity-C-reactive-protein (hs-CRP, -10%), tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNF-α, -18.73%), malondialdehyde (MDA, -21.73%), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, -10.14%), whereas the increase in interleukin-10 (IL-10, 7.69%) and total-antioxidant-capacity (TAC, 4.13%) levels was not significant. No significant changes were observed for the above-mentioned parameters in the L-carnitine + placebo group, except for a significant reduction in IL-10 (-17.59%) and TNF-α (-14.78%); however, between-group differences did not reach the significant threshold. Co-supplementing L-carnitine + multi-strain synbiotic led to significant amelioration of inflammatory, oxidative, and metabolic-endotoxemia responses in female obese patients; nevertheless, no improving effects were observed in patients receiving single-supplementation, suggesting that L-carnitine + synbiotic co-supplementation might represent an adjuvant approach to improve oxidative-stress/pro-inflammatory indicators in women with obesity, possibly through beneficial effects of the synbiotic alone. Further longer duration studies with higher doses of L-carnitine in a three-group setting are warranted to elucidate the possibility of synergistic or complementary mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Fallah
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reduction of Obesity and Insulin Resistance through Dual Targeting of VAT and BAT by a Novel Combination of Metabolic Cofactors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314923. [PMID: 36499250 PMCID: PMC9738317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic disease worldwide, characterized by excessive fat accumulation associated with several metabolic perturbations, such as metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. To improve this situation, a specific combination of metabolic cofactors (MC) (betaine, N-acetylcysteine, L-carnitine, and nicotinamide riboside) was assessed as a promising treatment in a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model. Obese animals were distributed into two groups, orally treated with the vehicle (obese + vehicle) or with the combination of metabolic cofactors (obese + MC) for 4 weeks. Body and adipose depots weights; insulin and glucose tolerance tests; indirect calorimetry; and thermography assays were performed at the end of the intervention. Histological analysis of epidydimal white adipose tissue (EWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) was carried out, and the expression of key genes involved in both fat depots was characterized by qPCR. We demonstrated that MC supplementation conferred a moderate reduction of obesity and adiposity, an improvement in serum glucose and lipid metabolic parameters, an important improvement in lipid oxidation, and a decrease in adipocyte hypertrophy. Moreover, MC-treated animals presented increased adipose gene expression in EWAT related to lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, MC supplementation reduced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, with an increased expression of the glucose transporter Glut4; and decreased fat accumulation in BAT, raising non-shivering thermogenesis. This treatment based on a specific combination of metabolic cofactors mitigates important pathophysiological characteristics of obesity, representing a promising clinical approach to this metabolic disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Chen X, Fan W, Zhang X, Zhan S, Zhong T, Guo J, Cao J, Li L, Zhang H, Wang L. Integrated application of metabolomics and RNA-seq reveals thermogenic regulation in goat brown adipose tissues. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21868. [PMID: 34449920 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100493rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role on no shivering thermogenesis during cold exposure to maintain animal body temperature and energy homeostasis. However, knowledge of the cellular transition from white adipose tissue (WAT) to BAT is still limited. In this study, we provided a comprehensive metabolomics and transcriptional signatures of goat BAT and WAT. A total of 157 metabolites were significantly changed, including 81 upregulated and 76 downregulated metabolites. In addition, we identified the citric acid cycle, fatty acid elongation, and degradation pathways as coordinately activated in BAT. Interestingly, five unsaturated fatty acids (Eicosadienoic Acid, C20:2; γ-Linolenic acid, C20:3; Arachidonic Acid, C20:4; Adrenic acid, C22:4; Docosahexaenoic acid, C22:6), Succinate, L-carnitine, and L-palmitoyl-carnitine were found to be abundant in BAT. Furthermore, L-carnitine, an intermediate of fatty acid degradation, is required for goat brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis through activating AMPK pathway. However, L-carnitine decreased lipid accumulation through inducing lipolysis and thermogenesis in white adipocytes. These results revealed that there are the significant alterations in transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles between goat WAT and BAT, which may contribute to better understanding the roles of metabolites in BAT thermogenesis process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xingyue Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Fan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xujia Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxue Cao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
García-Flores LA, Green CL, Mitchell SE, Promislow DEL, Lusseau D, Douglas A, Speakman JR. The effects of graded calorie restriction XVII: Multitissue metabolomics reveals synthesis of carnitine and NAD, and tRNA charging as key pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101977118. [PMID: 34330829 PMCID: PMC8346868 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101977118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary context of why caloric restriction (CR) activates physiological mechanisms that slow the process of aging remains unclear. The main goal of this analysis was to identify, using metabolomics, the common pathways that are modulated across multiple tissues (brown adipose tissue, liver, plasma, and brain) to evaluate two alternative evolutionary models: the "disposable soma" and "clean cupboards" ideas. Across the four tissues, we identified more than 10,000 different metabolic features. CR altered the metabolome in a graded fashion. More restriction led to more changes. Most changes, however, were tissue specific, and in some cases, metabolites changed in opposite directions in different tissues. Only 38 common metabolic features responded to restriction in the same way across all four tissues. Fifty percent of the common altered metabolites were carboxylic acids and derivatives, as well as lipids and lipid-like molecules. The top five modulated canonical pathways were l-carnitine biosynthesis, NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) biosynthesis from 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde, S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine degradation II, NAD biosynthesis II (from tryptophan), and transfer RNA (tRNA) charging. Although some pathways were modulated in common across tissues, none of these reflected somatic protection, and each tissue invoked its own idiosyncratic modulation of pathways to cope with the reduction in incoming energy. Consequently, this study provides greater support for the clean cupboards hypothesis than the disposable soma interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libia Alejandra García-Flores
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cara L Green
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB39 2PN, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon E Mitchell
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB39 2PN, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - David Lusseau
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB39 2PN, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB39 2PN, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China;
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB39 2PN, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Center of Excellence for Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maleki V, Jafari-Vayghan H, Kashani A, Moradi F, Vajdi M, Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M. Potential roles of carnitine in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:463-469. [PMID: 30806529 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1576616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is recognized as the most prevalent endocrinopathy in reproductive-aged women. This systematic review was performed with focus on the current knowledge on carnitine concerning metabolic variables in PCOS. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception until May 2018. All clinical trials and observational studies published in English-language journals were eligible. Studies that provided insufficient outcomes, animal and in vitro studies were excluded. Out of 451 articles identified in our search, only six articles were eligible for analysis. Two observational studies evaluated the association of serum carnitine levels with metabolic variables, and four clinical trials examined the effect of carnitine supplementation in patients with PCOS. Serum carnitine levels had inverse relationship with glycemic status, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Also, carnitine supplementation resulted in improved weight loss, glycemic status, oxidative stress, follicles and size of ovarian cells; no significant effects were reported on sex hormones and lipid profile. According to the current evidence, carnitine might improve weight loss, glycemic status and oxidative stress. However, to explore the exact mechanisms of carnitine role in patients with PCOS, further studies are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Maleki
- a Student Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
- b Department of Clinical Nutrition , Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
- c Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | | | - Arvin Kashani
- e Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fardin Moradi
- a Student Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mahdi Vajdi
- a Student Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- c Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- c Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hao L, Scott S, Abbasi M, Zu Y, Khan MSH, Yang Y, Wu D, Zhao L, Wang S. Beneficial Metabolic Effects of Mirabegron In Vitro and in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:419-427. [PMID: 30940691 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.255778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mirabegron, a β3-adrenergic receptor agonist, has been shown to stimulate the activity of brown fat and increase the resting metabolic rate in humans. However, it is unknown whether mirabegron can reduce body weight and improve metabolic health. We investigated the antiobesity effects of mirabegron using both in vitro and in vivo models. Mouse brown preadipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells were treated with different concentrations of mirabegron (0.03-3 µg/ml), and the expression of brown fat-related genes was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks, and mirabegron (2 mg/kg body weight) or a vehicle control was delivered to the interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) using ALZET osmotic pumps from week 7 to 10. The metabolic parameters and tissues were analyzed. In both mouse brown preadipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells, mirabegron stimulated uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. In animal studies, mirabegron-treated mice had a lower body weight and adiposity. Lipid droplets in the iBAT of mirabegron-treated mice were fewer and smaller in size compared with those from vehicle-treated mice. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry indicated that mirabegron increased the abundance of beige cells in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Compared with vehicle-treated mice, mirabegron-treated mice had a higher gene expression of UCP1 (14-fold) and cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha-like effector A (CIDEA) (4-fold) in iWAT. Furthermore, mirabegron-treated mice had improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Taken together, mirabegron enhances UCP1 expression and promotes browning of iWAT, which are accompanied by improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and prevention from high-fat diet-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., M.A., Y.Z., M.S.H.K., S.W.); Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (Y.Y., L.Z.); and Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.)
| | - Sheyenne Scott
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., M.A., Y.Z., M.S.H.K., S.W.); Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (Y.Y., L.Z.); and Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.)
| | - Mehrnaz Abbasi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., M.A., Y.Z., M.S.H.K., S.W.); Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (Y.Y., L.Z.); and Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.)
| | - Yujiao Zu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., M.A., Y.Z., M.S.H.K., S.W.); Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (Y.Y., L.Z.); and Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.)
| | - Md Shahjalal Hossain Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., M.A., Y.Z., M.S.H.K., S.W.); Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (Y.Y., L.Z.); and Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.)
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., M.A., Y.Z., M.S.H.K., S.W.); Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (Y.Y., L.Z.); and Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.)
| | - Dayong Wu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., M.A., Y.Z., M.S.H.K., S.W.); Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (Y.Y., L.Z.); and Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.)
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., M.A., Y.Z., M.S.H.K., S.W.); Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (Y.Y., L.Z.); and Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.)
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., M.A., Y.Z., M.S.H.K., S.W.); Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (Y.Y., L.Z.); and Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shin H, Shi H, Xue B, Yu L. What activates thermogenesis when lipid droplet lipolysis is absent in brown adipocytes? Adipocyte 2018; 7:1-5. [PMID: 29620433 PMCID: PMC6152517 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2018.1453769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold exposure activates the sympathetic nervous system. It is generally thought that this sympathetic activation induces heat production by stimulating lipolysis of cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) in brown adipocytes. However, this concept was not examined in vivo due to lack of appropriate animal models. Recently, we and others have demonstrated that LD lipolysis in brown adipocytes is not required for cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis. Our studies uncovered an essential role of white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis in fueling thermogenesis during fasting. In addition, we showed that lipolysis deficiency in brown adipose tissue (BAT) induces WAT browning. This commentary further discusses the significance of our findings and how whole body may be heated up without BAT lipolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsu Shin
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liqing Yu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shin H, Ma Y, Chanturiya T, Cao Q, Wang Y, Kadegowda AKG, Jackson R, Rumore D, Xue B, Shi H, Gavrilova O, Yu L. Lipolysis in Brown Adipocytes Is Not Essential for Cold-Induced Thermogenesis in Mice. Cell Metab 2017; 26:764-777.e5. [PMID: 28988822 PMCID: PMC5905336 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplet (LD) lipolysis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is generally considered to be required for cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis. Here, we show that mice lacking BAT Comparative Gene Identification-58 (CGI-58), a lipolytic activator essential for the stimulated LD lipolysis, have normal thermogenic capacity and are not cold sensitive. Relative to littermate controls, these animals had higher body temperatures when they were provided food during cold exposure. The increase in body temperature in the fed, cold-exposed knockout mice was associated with increased energy expenditure and with increased sympathetic innervation and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Mice lacking CGI-58 in both BAT and WAT were cold sensitive, but only in the fasted state. Thus, LD lipolysis in BAT is not essential for cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis in vivo. Rather, CGI-58-dependent LD lipolysis in BAT regulates WAT thermogenesis, and our data uncover an essential role of WAT lipolysis in fueling thermogenesis during fasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsu Shin
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yinyan Ma
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Mouse Metabolism Core Laboratory, The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tatyana Chanturiya
- Mouse Metabolism Core Laboratory, The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Biology, Center for Obesity Reversal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Youlin Wang
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Anil K G Kadegowda
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Rachel Jackson
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Dominic Rumore
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- Department of Biology, Center for Obesity Reversal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Biology, Center for Obesity Reversal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core Laboratory, The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Liqing Yu
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on nutritional, immunological, and cardiac parameters in hemodialysis patients: a pilot study. RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s41100-015-0004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
16
|
Regulation of systemic energy homeostasis by serotonin in adipose tissues. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6794. [PMID: 25864946 PMCID: PMC4403443 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Central serotonin (5-HT) is an anorexigenic neurotransmitter in the brain. However, accumulating evidence suggests peripheral 5-HT may affect organismal energy homeostasis. Here we show 5-HT regulates white and brown adipose tissue function. Pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT synthesis leads to inhibition of lipogenesis in epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT), induction of browning in inguinal WAT and activation of adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Mice with inducible Tph1 KO in adipose tissues exhibit a similar phenotype as mice in which 5-HT synthesis is inhibited pharmacologically, suggesting 5-HT has localized effects on adipose tissues. In addition, Htr3a KO mice exhibit increased energy expenditure and reduced weight gain when fed a high-fat diet. Treatment with an Htr2a antagonist reduces lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These data suggest important roles for adipocyte-derived 5-HT in controlling energy homeostasis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu L, Zhang DM, Wang MX, Fan CY, Zhou F, Wang SJ, Kong LD. The adverse effects of long-term l-carnitine supplementation on liver and kidney function in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34:1148-61. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115571767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Levo-Carnitine (l-carnitine) is widely used in health and food. This study was to focus on the adverse effects of 8-week oral supplementation of l-carnitine (0.3 and 0.6 g/kg) in female and male Sprague Dawley rats. l-carnitine reduced body and fat weights, as well as serum, liver, and kidney lipid levels in rats. Simultaneously, hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation and lipid synthesis were disturbed in l-carnitine-fed rats. Moreover, l-carnitine accelerated reactive oxygen species production in serum and liver, thereby triggering hepatic NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation to elevate serum interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels in rats. Alteration of serum alkaline phosphatase levels further confirmed liver dysfunction in l-carnitine-fed rats. Additionally, l-carnitine may potentially disturb kidney function by altering renal protein levels of rat organic ion transporters. These observations may provide the caution information for the safety of long-term l-carnitine supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - D-M Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - M-X Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - C-Y Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - F Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - S-J Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - L-D Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee J, Ellis JM, Wolfgang MJ. Adipose fatty acid oxidation is required for thermogenesis and potentiates oxidative stress-induced inflammation. Cell Rep 2015; 10:266-79. [PMID: 25578732 PMCID: PMC4359063 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the contribution of adipose tissue fatty acid oxidation to whole-body metabolism, we generated mice with an adipose-specific knockout of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2(A-/-)), an obligate step in mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation. CPT2(A-/-) mice became hypothermic after an acute cold challenge, and CPT2(A-/-) brown adipose tissue (BAT) failed to upregulate thermogenic genes in response to agonist-induced stimulation. The adipose-specific loss of CPT2 resulted in diet-dependent changes in adiposity but did not result in changes in body weight on low- or high-fat diets. Additionally, CPT2(A-/-) mice had suppressed high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT); however, high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance was not improved. These data show that fatty acid oxidation is required for cold-induced thermogenesis in BAT and high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in WAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jessica M Ellis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Townsend KL, An D, Lynes MD, Huang TL, Zhang H, Goodyear LJ, Tseng YH. Increased mitochondrial activity in BMP7-treated brown adipocytes, due to increased CPT1- and CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:243-57. [PMID: 22938691 PMCID: PMC3691916 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Brown adipose tissue dissipates chemical energy in the form of heat and regulates triglyceride and glucose metabolism in the body. Factors that regulate fatty acid uptake and oxidation in brown adipocytes have not yet been fully elucidated. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) is a growth factor capable of inducing brown fat mitochondrial biogenesis during differentiation from adipocyte progenitors. Administration of BMP7 to mice also results in increased energy expenditure. To determine if BMP7 is able to affect the mitochondrial activity of mature brown adipocytes, independent of the differentiation process, we delivered BMP7 to mature brown adipocytes and measured mitochondrial activity. RESULTS We found that BMP7 increased mitochondrial activity, including fatty acid oxidation and citrate synthase activity, without increasing the mitochondrial number. This was accompanied by an increase in fatty acid uptake and increased protein expression of CPT1 and CD36, which import fatty acids into the mitochondria and the cell, respectively. Importantly, inhibition of either CPT1 or CD36 resulted in a blunting of the mitochondrial activity of BMP7-treated cells. INNOVATION These findings uncover a novel pathway regulating mitochondrial activities in mature brown adipocytes by BMP7-mediated fatty acid uptake and oxidation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, BMP7 increases mitochondrial activity in mature brown adipocytes via increased fatty acid uptake and oxidation, a process that requires the fatty acid transporters CPT1 and CD36.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L Townsend
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|