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McCall JL, Geldenhuys WJ, Robinson LJ, Witt MR, Gannett PM, Söderberg BCG, Blair HC, Soboloff J, Barnett JB. Preclinical evaluation of ELP-004 in mice. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1230. [PMID: 38940379 PMCID: PMC11212004 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study provides a detailed understanding of the preclinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ELP-004, an osteoclast inhibitor in development for the treatment of bone erosion. Current treatments for arthritis, including biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, are not well-tolerated in a substantial subset of arthritis patients and are expensive; therefore, new treatments are needed. Pharmacokinetic parameters of ELP-004 were tested with intravenous, oral, and subcutaneous administration and found to be rapidly absorbed and distributed. We found that ELP-004 was non-mutagenic, did not induce chromosome aberrations, non-cardiotoxic, and had minimal off-target effects. Using in vitro hepatic systems, we found that ELP-004 is primarily metabolized by CYP1A2 and CYP2B6 and predicted metabolic pathways were identified. Finally, we show that ELP-004 inhibits osteoclast differentiation without suppressing overall T-cell function. These preclinical data will inform future development of an oral compound as well as in vivo efficacy studies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. McCall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell BiologyWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- ExesaLibero Pharma, Inc.MorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Werner J. Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesWest Virginia University School of PharmacyMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Lisa J. Robinson
- Department of PathologyWest Virginia School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and ImmunologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Michelle R. Witt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell BiologyWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- Department of PathologyWest Virginia School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Peter M. Gannett
- College of PharmacyNova Southeastern UniversityFt. LauderdaleFloridaUSA
| | - Björn C. G. Söderberg
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of ChemistryWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Harry C. Blair
- Departments of Pathology and Cell BiologyThe Pittsburgh VA Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Department of Cancer and Cellular BiologyLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - John B. Barnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell BiologyWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- ExesaLibero Pharma, Inc.MorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
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2
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Shapiro IM, Risbud MV, Landis WJ. Toward understanding the cellular control of vertebrate mineralization: The potential role of mitochondria. Bone 2024; 185:117112. [PMID: 38697384 PMCID: PMC11251007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
This review examines the possible role of mitochondria in maintaining calcium and phosphate ion homeostasis and participating in the mineralization of bone, cartilage and other vertebrate hard tissues. The paper builds on the known structural features of mitochondria and the documented observations in these tissues that the organelles contain calcium phosphate granules. Such deposits in mitochondria putatively form to buffer excessively high cytosolic calcium ion concentrations and prevent metabolic deficits and even cell death. While mitochondria protect cytosolic enzyme systems through this buffering capacity, the accumulation of calcium ions by mitochondria promotes the activity of enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA/Krebs) cycle, increases oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis, and leads to changes in intramitochondrial pH. These pH alterations influence ion solubility and possibly the transitions and composition in the mineral phase structure of the granules. Based on these considerations, mitochondria are proposed to support the mineralization process by providing a mobile store of calcium and phosphate ions, in smaller cluster or larger granule form, while maintaining critical cellular activities. The rise in the mitochondrial calcium level also increases the generation of citrate and other TCA cycle intermediates that contribute to cell function and the development of extracellular mineral. This paper suggests that another key role of the mitochondrion, along with the effects just noted, is to supply phosphate ions, derived from the breakdown of ATP, to endolysosomes and autophagic vesicles originating in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi and at the plasma membrane. These many separate but interdependent mitochondrial functions emphasize the critical importance of this organelle in the cellular control of vertebrate mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - William J Landis
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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3
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Bhuvaneshwari S, Venkataraman K, Sankaranarayanan K. Exploring potential ion channel targets for rheumatoid arthritis: combination of network analysis and gene expression analysis. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024. [PMID: 39049164 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane that leads to the destruction of cartilage and bone. Currently, pharmacological targeting of ion channels is being increasingly recognized as an attractive and feasible strategy for the treatment of RA. The present work employs a network analysis approach to predict the most promising ion channel target for potential RA-treating drugs. A protein-protein interaction map was generated for 343 genes associated with inflammation in RA and ion channel genes using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes and visualized using Cytoscape. Based on the betweenness centrality and traffic values as key topological parameters, 17 hub nodes were identified, including FOS (9800.85), tumor necrosis factor (3654.60), TGFB1 (3305.75), and VEGFA (3052.88). The backbone network constructed with these 17 hub genes was intensely analyzed to identify the most promising ion channel target using network analyzer. Calcium permeating ion channels, especially store-operated calcium entry channels, and their associated regulatory proteins were found to highly interact with RA inflammatory hub genes. This significant ion channel target for RA identified by theoretical and statistical studies was further validated by a pilot case-control gene expression study. Experimental verification of the above findings in 75 RA cases and 25 controls showed increased ORAI1 expression. Thus, with a combination of network analysis approach and gene expression studies, we have explored potential targets for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath Bhuvaneshwari
- Ion Channel Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Kavitha Sankaranarayanan
- Ion Channel Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India
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Kito H, Kawagishi R, Ryu T, Endo K, Kajikuri J, Giles WR, Ohya S. K Ca3.1 regulates cell cycle progression by modulating Ca 2+ signaling in murine preosteoblasts. J Pharmacol Sci 2023; 153:142-152. [PMID: 37770155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts synthesize and deposit essential components of the extracellular bone matrix and collagen scaffolds, leading to mineralized bone formation. Therefore, the proliferation of preosteoblasts (precursors of mature osteoblasts) helps in regulating skeletal homeostasis. This study demonstrated that the functional expression of KCa3.1, an intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel, is markedly upregulated in murine preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells in the G0/G1 phase. The enhancement of KCa3.1 is involved in the establishment of more negative membrane potentials in MC3T3-E1 cells. This hyperpolarization can promote intracellular Ca2+ signaling because store-operated Ca2+ channels are activated. Treatment with TRAM-34, a specific KCa3.1 inhibitor, attenuated the cell cycle progression from the G0/G1 phase to the S/G2/M phases. In MC3T3-E1 cells, KCa3.1 significantly promoted the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase. KCa3.1 inhibition also caused G0 phase cell accumulation. Furthermore, TRAM-34 decreased the expression of alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin, osteoblast differentiation markers in MC3T3-E1 cells, and inhibited the endochondral ossification of murine metatarsals. These results reveal novel ways by which KCa3.1 activity can strongly modulate osteoblast maturation during bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kito
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Reiko Kawagishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takusei Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyoko Endo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junko Kajikuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wayne R Giles
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Susumu Ohya
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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LaGuardia JS, Shariati K, Bedar M, Ren X, Moghadam S, Huang KX, Chen W, Kang Y, Yamaguchi DT, Lee JC. Convergence of Calcium Channel Regulation and Mechanotransduction in Skeletal Regenerative Biomaterial Design. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301081. [PMID: 37380172 PMCID: PMC10615747 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Cells are known to perceive their microenvironment through extracellular and intracellular mechanical signals. Upon sensing mechanical stimuli, cells can initiate various downstream signaling pathways that are vital to regulating proliferation, growth, and homeostasis. One such physiologic activity modulated by mechanical stimuli is osteogenic differentiation. The process of osteogenic mechanotransduction is regulated by numerous calcium ion channels-including channels coupled to cilia, mechanosensitive and voltage-sensitive channels, and channels associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. Evidence suggests these channels are implicated in osteogenic pathways such as the YAP/TAZ and canonical Wnt pathways. This review aims to describe the involvement of calcium channels in regulating osteogenic differentiation in response to mechanical loading and characterize the fashion in which those channels directly or indirectly mediate this process. The mechanotransduction pathway is a promising target for the development of regenerative materials for clinical applications due to its independence from exogenous growth factor supplementation. As such, also described are examples of osteogenic biomaterial strategies that involve the discussed calcium ion channels, calcium-dependent cellular structures, or calcium ion-regulating cellular features. Understanding the distinct ways calcium channels and signaling regulate these processes may uncover potential targets for advancing biomaterials with regenerative osteogenic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonnby S. LaGuardia
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kaavian Shariati
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Meiwand Bedar
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Research Service, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
| | - Shahrzad Moghadam
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kelly X. Huang
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Youngnam Kang
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dean T. Yamaguchi
- Research Service, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
| | - Justine C. Lee
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Research Service, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Molecular Biology Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Robinson LJ, Soboloff J, Tourkova IL, Larrouture QC, Onwuka KM, Papachristou DJ, Gross S, Hooper R, Samakai E, Worley PF, Liu P, Tuckermann J, Witt MR, Blair HC. The calcium channel Orai1 is required for osteoblast development: Studies in a chimeric mouse with variable in vivo Runx-cre deletion of Orai-1. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0264596. [PMID: 37167218 PMCID: PMC10174572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-selective ion channel Orai1 has a complex role in bone homeostasis, with defects in both bone production and resorption detected in Orai1 germline knock-out mice. To determine whether Orai1 has a direct, cell-intrinsic role in osteoblast differentiation and function, we bred Orai1 flox/flox (Orai1fl/fl) mice with Runx2-cre mice to eliminate its expression in osteoprogenitor cells. Interestingly, Orai1 was expressed in a mosaic pattern in Orai1fl/fl-Runx2-cre bone. Specifically, antibody labeling for Orai1 in vertebral sections was uniform in wild type animals, but patchy regions in Orai1fl/fl-Runx2-cre bone revealed Orai1 loss while in other areas expression persisted. Nevertheless, by micro-CT, bones from Orai1fl/fl-Runx2-cre mice showed reduced bone mass overall, with impaired bone formation identified by dynamic histomorphometry. Cortical surfaces of Orai1fl/fl-Runx2-cre vertebrae however exhibited patchy defects. In cell culture, Orai1-negative osteoblasts showed profound reductions in store-operated Ca2+ entry, exhibited greatly decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, and had markedly impaired substrate mineralization. We conclude that defective bone formation observed in the absence of Orai1 reflects an intrinsic role for Orai1 in differentiating osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. Robinson
- Departments of Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, and of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Irina L. Tourkova
- Departments of Pathology and of Cell Biology, The Pittsburgh VA Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Quitterie C. Larrouture
- Departments of Pathology and of Cell Biology, The Pittsburgh VA Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Kelechi M. Onwuka
- Departments of Pathology and of Cell Biology, The Pittsburgh VA Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Dionysios J. Papachristou
- Departments of Pathology and of Cell Biology, The Pittsburgh VA Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, University Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Scott Gross
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Robert Hooper
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Elsie Samakai
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Paul F. Worley
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Helmholtzstraße, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Helmholtzstraße, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michelle R. Witt
- Departments of Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, and of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Harry C. Blair
- Departments of Pathology and of Cell Biology, The Pittsburgh VA Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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Calcium-Permeable Channels Cooperation for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Therapeutic Opportunities. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101383. [PMID: 36291594 PMCID: PMC9599458 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a common autoimmune disease that results from the deposition of antibodies–autoantigens in the joints, leading to long-lasting inflammation. The main features of RA include cartilage damage, synovial invasion and flare-ups of intra-articular inflammation, and these pathological processes significantly reduce patients’ quality of life. To date, there is still no drug target that can act in rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, the search for novel drug targets has become urgent. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, calcium ions play an important role in all cellular activities and the body has evolved a rigorous calcium signaling system. Calcium-permeable channels, as the main operators of calcium signaling, are widely distributed in cell membranes, endoplasmic reticulum membranes and mitochondrial membranes, and mediate the efflux and entry of Ca2+. Over the last century, more and more calcium-permeable channels have been identified in human cells, and the role of this large family of calcium-permeable channels in rheumatoid arthritis has gradually become clear. In this review, we briefly introduce the major calcium-permeable channels involved in the pathogenesis of RA (e.g., acid-sensitive ion channel (ASIC), transient receptor potential (TRP) channel and P2X receptor) and explain the specific roles and mechanisms of these calcium-permeable channels in the pathogenesis of RA, providing more comprehensive ideas and targets for the treatment of RA.
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Yu D, Mun SA, Kim SW, Cho DC, Kim CH, Han I, Lee S, Lee SW, Kim KT. Effects of D-Serine and MK-801 on Neuropathic Pain and Functional Recovery in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Neurospine 2022; 19:737-747. [PMID: 36203298 PMCID: PMC9537825 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2244410.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropathic pain is a common secondary complication of spinal cord injury (SCI). N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation is critical for hypersensitivity in neuropathic pain. This activation requires the binding of both glutamate and the D-serine co-agonist to the NMDA glycine site. We evaluated the effects of D-serine on neuropathic pain after SCI and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS Anesthetized rats underwent T9 spinal cord contusion (130 kdyn). D-serine (500 and 1,000 mg/kg) and MK-801 hydrogen maleate (2.0 mg/kg) were injected daily for 2 weeks, starting the day after SCI. Functional outcomes were assessed according to the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale, while histological outcomes were evaluated based on lesion volume and spared tissue area. Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated by measuring the withdrawal threshold of a von Frey filament and hot/cold plate latency. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression levels of Trpv1, Nav1.9, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and β-actin in damaged tissue. RESULTS The withdrawal threshold values and latency of the D-serine group were significantly lower than those of the noninjection group. The MK-801 group showed higher threshold values and latencies than the other groups. Western blotting showed increased Nav1.9 and Trpv1 levels and lower CGRP levels in the D-serine group, whereas the MK-801 group showed the opposite results. CONCLUSION D-serine increases neuropathic pain after traumatic SCI by mediating the NMDA receptor. NMDA receptor antagonists alleviate neuropathic pain after traumatic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yeungnam University Hospital, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seul Ah Mun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yeungnam University Hospital, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dae-Chul Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chi Heon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University, School of medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Subum Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea,Corresponding Author Kyoung-Tae Kim Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Ahmed ASI, Sheng MHC, Lau KHW, Wilson SM, Wongworawat MD, Tang X, Ghahramanpouri M, Nehme A, Xu Y, Abdipour A, Zhang XB, Wasnik S, Baylink DJ. Calcium released by osteoclastic resorption stimulates autocrine/paracrine activities in local osteogenic cells to promote coupled bone formation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C977-C990. [PMID: 35385325 PMCID: PMC9109806 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00413.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A major cause of osteoporosis is impaired coupled bone formation. Mechanistically, both osteoclast-derived and bone-derived growth factors have been previously implicated. We hypothesize that the release of bone calcium during osteoclastic bone resorption is essential for coupled bone formation. Osteoclastic resorption increases interstitial fluid calcium locally from the normal 1.8 mM up to 5 mM. MC3T3-E1 osteoprogenitors, cultured in a 3.6 mM calcium medium, demonstrated that calcium signaling stimulated osteogenic cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Calcium channel knockdown studies implicated calcium channels, Cav1.2, store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in regulating bone cell anabolic activities. MC3T3-E1 cultured in a 3.6 mM calcium medium expressed increased gene expression of Wnt signaling and growth factors platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP 2). Our coupling model of bone formation, the Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) treated mouse calvaria, confirmed the role of calcium signaling in coupled bone formation by exhibiting increased gene expression for osterix and osteocalcin. Critically, dual immunocytochemistry showed that RANKL treatment increased osterix positive cells and increased fluorescence intensity of Cav1.2 and CaSR protein expression per osterix positive cell. The data established that calcium released by osteoclasts contributed to the regulation of coupled bone formation. CRISPR/Cas-9 knockout of Cav1.2 in osteoprogenitors cultured in basal calcium medium caused a >80% decrease in the expression of downstream osteogenic genes, emphasizing the large magnitude of the effect of calcium signaling. Thus, calcium signaling is a major regulator of coupled bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Shufian Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States.,The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Matilda H C Sheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States.,Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Kin-Hing William Lau
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Sean M Wilson
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - M Daniel Wongworawat
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, United States
| | - Mahdis Ghahramanpouri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Antoine Nehme
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University and Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Amir Abdipour
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Samiksha Wasnik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - David J Baylink
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
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Li G, Chang B, He Y, Li Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Hou Y, Xu B, Li X, Xu M, Ding X, Song W, Zhang Y. Orai1 mediated store-operated calcium entry contributing to MC3T3-E1 differentiation on titanium implant with micro/nano-textured topography. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2022; 133:112644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2022.112644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Khedkar NR, Irlapatti NR, Dadke D, Kanoje V, Shaikh Z, Karche V, Shinde V, Deshmukh G, Patil A, Jachak S, Phukan S, Kizhakinagath PA, Gholve M, Bhankhede T, Daler J, Nemade HN, Budhe S, Pareek H, Yeshodharan R, Gupta R, Kalia A, Pandey D, Wagh A, Kumar S, Patil V, Modi D, Sharma N, Ahirrao P, Mehta M, Kumar H, Nigade P, Tamane K, Mallurwar S, Kuldharan S, Pawar S, Vishwase G, Bokan S, Singh M, Naik K, Ingawale S, Shankar R, Kamalakannan P, Venugopal S, George SK, Padiya KJ, Nemmani KVS, Gundu J, Bhonde M, Narasimham L, Sindkhedkar M, Shah C, Sinha N, Sharma S, Bakhle D, Kamboj RK, Palle VP. Discovery of a Novel Potent and Selective Calcium Release-Activated Calcium Channel Inhibitor: 2,6-Difluoro- N-(2'-methyl-3'-(4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)benzamide. Structure-Activity Relationship and Preclinical Characterization. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17004-17030. [PMID: 34843241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels is well characterized and is of particular importance in T-cell function. CRAC channels are involved in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, making it an attractive therapeutic target for treating inflammatory diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A systematic structure-activity relationship study with the goal of optimizing lipophilicity successfully yielded two lead compounds, 36 and 37. Both compounds showed decent potency and selectivity and a remarkable pharmacokinetic profile. Further characterization in in vivo RA models and subsequent histopathological evaluation of tissues led to the identification of 36 as a clinical candidate. Compound 36 displayed an excellent safety profile and had a sufficient safety margin to qualify it for use in human testing. Oral administration of 36 in Phase 1 clinical study in healthy volunteers established favorable safety, tolerability, and good target engagement as measured by levels of IL-2 and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Raghunath Khedkar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Nageswara Rao Irlapatti
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Disha Dadke
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vijay Kanoje
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Zubair Shaikh
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vijay Karche
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vikas Shinde
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Gokul Deshmukh
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Amit Patil
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Santosh Jachak
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Samiron Phukan
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Praveenkumar Anidil Kizhakinagath
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Milind Gholve
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Trupti Bhankhede
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Jagadeesh Daler
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Harshal Narendra Nemade
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sagar Budhe
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Himani Pareek
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajesh Yeshodharan
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Anil Kalia
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Dilip Pandey
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Akshaya Wagh
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Swaroop Kumar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vinod Patil
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Dipak Modi
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Prajakta Ahirrao
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Maneesh Mehta
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Prashant Nigade
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Kaustubh Tamane
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sadanand Mallurwar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sandip Kuldharan
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Shashikant Pawar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Gururaj Vishwase
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sanjay Bokan
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Minakshi Singh
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Kumar Naik
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sachin Ingawale
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajesh Shankar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Prabakaran Kamalakannan
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Spinvin Venugopal
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Shaji K George
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Kamlesh J Padiya
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Kumar V S Nemmani
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Jaysagar Gundu
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Mandar Bhonde
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Lakshmi Narasimham
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Milind Sindkhedkar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Chirag Shah
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Neelima Sinha
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sharad Sharma
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Dhananjay Bakhle
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajender Kumar Kamboj
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Venkata P Palle
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
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12
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Role of K + and Ca 2+-Permeable Channels in Osteoblast Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910459. [PMID: 34638799 PMCID: PMC8509041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-forming cells or osteoblasts play an important role in bone modeling and remodeling processes. Osteoblast differentiation or osteoblastogenesis is orchestrated by multiple intracellular signaling pathways (e.g., bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and Wnt signaling pathways) and is modulated by the extracellular environment (e.g., parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and integrins). The regulation of bone homeostasis depends on the proper differentiation and function of osteoblast lineage cells from osteogenic precursors to osteocytes. Intracellular Ca2+ signaling relies on the control of numerous processes in osteoblast lineage cells, including cell growth, differentiation, migration, and gene expression. In addition, hyperpolarization via the activation of K+ channels indirectly promotes Ca2+ signaling in osteoblast lineage cells. An improved understanding of the fundamental physiological and pathophysiological processes in bone homeostasis requires detailed investigations of osteoblast lineage cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the functional impacts of K+ channels and Ca2+-permeable channels, which critically regulate Ca2+ signaling in osteoblast lineage cells to maintain bone homeostasis.
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13
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Ishida N, Murata K, Morita T, Semba S, Nezu A, Tanimura A. Spontaneous calcium responses of SF2 rat dental epithelial cells stably expressing the calcium sensor G-GECO. Biomed Res 2021; 42:193-201. [PMID: 34544995 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.42.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetically-encoded calcium indicators such as G-GECO are useful for studying Ca2+ responses during long-term processes. In this study, we employed a lentiviral vector and established a rat dental epithelial cell line that stably expressed G-GECO (SF2-G-GECO). Ca2+ imaging analysis under cell culture conditions revealed that SF2-G-GECO cells exhibited spontaneous Ca2+ responses, which could be classified into the following three major patterns depending on the cell density: localized Ca2+ responses at cell protrusions at a low density, a cell-wide spread of Ca2+ responses at a medium density, and Ca2+ responses in clusters of 3-20 cells at a high density. The P2Y receptor inhibitor suramin (10 μM), the ATP-degrading enzyme apyrase (5 units/mL), and the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor inhibitor FIIN-2 (1 μM) decreased the frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ responses. These results indicate that ATP and FGF are involved in the spontaneous Ca2+ responses. SF2 cells differentiate into ameloblasts via interactions with mesenchymal cells. Therefore, SF2-G-GECO cells are expected to be a useful tool for studying the functions of Ca2+ responses in regulating gene expression during tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Ishida
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Kaori Murata
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Takao Morita
- Department of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Shingo Semba
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Akihiro Nezu
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Akihiko Tanimura
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
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14
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Costiniti V, Bomfim GH, Mitaishvili E, Son GY, Li Y, Lacruz RS. Calcium Transport in Specialized Dental Epithelia and Its Modulation by Fluoride. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:730913. [PMID: 34456880 PMCID: PMC8385142 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.730913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cells use calcium (Ca2+) as a second messenger to convey signals that affect a multitude of biological processes. The ability of Ca2+ to bind to proteins to alter their charge and conformation is essential to achieve its signaling role. Cytosolic Ca2+ (cCa2+) concentration is maintained low at ~100 nM so that the impact of elevations in cCa2+ is readily sensed and transduced by cells. However, such elevations in cCa2+ must be transient to prevent detrimental effects. Cells have developed a variety of systems to rapidly clear the excess of cCa2+ including Ca2+ pumps, exchangers and sequestering Ca2+ within intracellular organelles. This Ca2+ signaling toolkit is evolutionarily adapted so that each cell, tissue, and organ can fulfill its biological function optimally. One of the most specialized cells in mammals are the enamel forming cells, the ameloblasts, which also handle large quantities of Ca2+. The end goal of ameloblasts is to synthesize, secrete and mineralize a unique proteinaceous matrix without the benefit of remodeling or repair mechanisms. Ca2+ uptake into ameloblasts is mainly regulated by the store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) before it is transported across the polarized ameloblasts to reach the insulated enamel space. Here we review the ameloblasts Ca2+ signaling toolkit and address how the common electronegative non-metal fluoride can alter its function, potentially addressing the biology of dental fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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15
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Robinson LJ, Soboloff J, Tourkova IL, Larrouture QC, Witt MR, Gross S, Hooper R, Samakai E, Worley PF, Barnett JB, Blair HC. The function of the calcium channel Orai1 in osteoclast development. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21653. [PMID: 34009685 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001921rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To determine the intrinsic role of Orai1 in osteoclast development, Orai1-floxed mice were bred with LysMcre mice to delete Orai1 from the myeloid lineage. PCR, in situ labelling and Western analysis showed Orai1 deletion in myeloid-lineage cells, including osteoclasts, as expected. Surprisingly, bone resorption was maintained in vivo, despite loss of multinucleated osteoclasts; instead, a large number of mononuclear cells bearing tartrate resistant acid phosphatase were observed on cell surfaces. An in vitro resorption assay confirmed that RANKL-treated Orai1 null cells, also TRAP-positive but mononuclear, degraded matrix, albeit at a reduced rate compared to wild type osteoclasts. This shows that mononuclear osteoclasts can degrade bone, albeit less efficiently. Further unexpected findings included that Orai1fl/fl -LysMcre vertebrae showed slightly reduced bone density in 16-week-old mice, despite Orai1 deletion only in myeloid cells; however, this mild difference resolved with age. In summary, in vitro analysis showed a severe defect in osteoclast multinucleation in Orai1 negative mononuclear cells, consistent with prior studies using less targeted strategies, but with evidence of resorption in vivo and unexpected secondary effects on bone formation leaving bone mass largely unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Robinson
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irina L Tourkova
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Quitterie C Larrouture
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michelle R Witt
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Scott Gross
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Hooper
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elsie Samakai
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul F Worley
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John B Barnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Harry C Blair
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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16
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Zarei A, Ballard A, Cox L, Bayguinov P, Harris T, Davis JL, Roper P, Fitzpatrick J, Faccio R, Veis DJ. Osteolineage depletion of mitofusin2 enhances cortical bone formation in female mice. Bone 2021; 148:115941. [PMID: 33813068 PMCID: PMC8162829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that form highly complex, interconnected dynamic networks inside cells. The GTPase mitofusin 2 (MFN2) is a highly conserved outer mitochondrial membrane protein involved in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology, which can affect various metabolic and signaling functions. The role of mitochondria in bone formation remains unclear. Since MFN2 levels increase during osteoblast (OB) differentiation, we investigated the role of MFN2 in the osteolineage by crossing mice bearing floxed Mfn2 alleles with those bearing Prx-cre to generate cohorts of conditional knock out (cKO) animals. By ex vivo microCT, cKO female mice, but not males, display an increase in cortical thickness at 8, 18, and 30 weeks, compared to wild-type (WT) littermate controls. However, the cortical anabolic response to mechanical loading was not different between genotypes. To address how Mfn2 deficiency affects OB differentiation, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from both wild-type and cKO mice were cultured in osteogenic media with different levels of β-glycerophosphate. cKO MSCs show increased mineralization and expression of multiple markers of OB differentiation only at the lower dose. Interestingly, despite showing the expected mitochondrial rounding and fragmentation due to loss of MFN2, cKO MSCs have an increase in oxygen consumption during the first 7 days of OB differentiation. Thus, in the early phases of osteogenesis, MFN2 restrains oxygen consumption thereby limiting differentiation and cortical bone accrual during homeostasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allahdad Zarei
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anna Ballard
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Linda Cox
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter Bayguinov
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Taylor Harris
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Philip Roper
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James Fitzpatrick
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Roberta Faccio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deborah J Veis
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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17
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An JM, Shahriar SMS, Hwang YH, Hwang SR, Lee DY, Cho S, Lee YK. Oral Delivery of Parathyroid Hormone Using a Triple-Padlock Nanocarrier for Osteoporosis via an Enterohepatic Circulation Pathway. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23314-23327. [PMID: 33587600 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent subcutaneous (S.C.) injection of teriparatide [PTH (1-34)] is one of the effective therapies to cure osteoporosis. However, a long-term repeated administration of teriparatide by S.C. to the patients is highly challenging. Herein, a triple padlock nanocarrier prepared by a taurocholic acid-conjugated chondroitin sulfate A (TCSA) is designed to develop an oral dosage form of recombinant human teriparatide (rhPTH). Oral administration of TCSA/rhPTH to the bilateral ovariectomized (OVX) rats resulted in the recovery of the bone marrow density and healthy serum bone parameters from the severe osteoporotic conditions. Also, it enhanced new bone formation in the osteoporotic tibias. This triple padlock oral delivery platform overcame the current barriers associated with teriparatide administration and exhibited a promising therapeutic effect against osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Man An
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - S M Shatil Shahriar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seung Rim Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, BK21 PLUS Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungpil Cho
- 4D Biomaterials Center, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Chungju 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- KB Biomed Inc., Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- 4D Biomaterials Center, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Chungju 27909, Republic of Korea
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18
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Shawer H, Norman K, Cheng CW, Foster R, Beech DJ, Bailey MA. ORAI1 Ca 2+ Channel as a Therapeutic Target in Pathological Vascular Remodelling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653812. [PMID: 33937254 PMCID: PMC8083964 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are normally physiologically quiescent, arranged circumferentially in one or more layers within blood vessel walls. Remodelling of native VSMC to a proliferative state for vascular development, adaptation or repair is driven by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). A key effector downstream of PDGF receptors is store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) mediated through the plasma membrane calcium ion channel, ORAI1, which is activated by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium store sensor, stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1). This SOCE was shown to play fundamental roles in the pathological remodelling of VSMC. Exciting transgenic lineage-tracing studies have revealed that the contribution of the phenotypically-modulated VSMC in atherosclerotic plaque formation is more significant than previously appreciated, and growing evidence supports the relevance of ORAI1 signalling in this pathologic remodelling. ORAI1 has also emerged as an attractive potential therapeutic target as it is accessible to extracellular compound inhibition. This is further supported by the progression of several ORAI1 inhibitors into clinical trials. Here we discuss the current knowledge of ORAI1-mediated signalling in pathologic vascular remodelling, particularly in the settings of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and neointimal hyperplasia, and the recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms by which ORAI1 coordinates VSMC phenotypic remodelling, through the activation of key transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT). In addition, we discuss advances in therapeutic strategies aimed at the ORAI1 target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Shawer
- School of Medicine, The Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Norman
- School of Medicine, The Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Chew W Cheng
- School of Medicine, The Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Foster
- School of Medicine, The Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - David J Beech
- School of Medicine, The Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Marc A Bailey
- School of Medicine, The Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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19
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Ribet ABP, Ng PY, Pavlos NJ. Membrane Transport Proteins in Osteoclasts: The Ins and Outs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:644986. [PMID: 33718388 PMCID: PMC7952445 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.644986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During bone resorption, the osteoclast must sustain an extraordinarily low pH environment, withstand immense ionic pressures, and coordinate nutrient and waste exchange across its membrane to sustain its unique structural and functional polarity. To achieve this, osteoclasts are equipped with an elaborate set of membrane transport proteins (pumps, transporters and channels) that serve as molecular ‘gatekeepers’ to regulate the bilateral exchange of ions, amino acids, metabolites and macromolecules across the ruffled border and basolateral domains. Whereas the importance of the vacuolar-ATPase proton pump and chloride voltage-gated channel 7 in osteoclasts has long been established, comparatively little is known about the contributions of other membrane transport proteins, including those categorized as secondary active transporters. In this Special Issue review, we provide a contemporary update on the ‘ins and outs’ of membrane transport proteins implicated in osteoclast differentiation, function and bone homeostasis and discuss their therapeutic potential for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy B P Ribet
- Bone Biology and Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Pei Ying Ng
- Bone Biology and Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Nathan J Pavlos
- Bone Biology and Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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20
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Finely-Tuned Calcium Oscillations in Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Resorption. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010180. [PMID: 33375370 PMCID: PMC7794828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) plays an important role in regulating the differentiation and function of osteoclasts. Calcium oscillations (Ca oscillations) are well-known phenomena in receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via calcineurin. Many modifiers are involved in the fine-tuning of Ca oscillations in osteoclasts. In addition to macrophage colony-stimulating factors (M-CSF; CSF-1) and RANKL, costimulatory signaling by immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-harboring adaptors is important for Ca oscillation generation and osteoclast differentiation. DNAX-activating protein of 12 kD is always necessary for osteoclastogenesis. In contrast, Fc receptor gamma (FcRγ) works as a key controller of osteoclastogenesis especially in inflammatory situation. FcRγ has a cofactor in fine-tuning of Ca oscillations. Some calcium channels and transporters are also necessary for Ca oscillations. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are well-known environmental sensors, and TRP vanilloid channels play an important role in osteoclastogenesis. Lysosomes, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are typical organelles for intracellular Ca2+ storage. Ryanodine receptor, inositol trisphosphate receptor, and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase on the ER modulate Ca oscillations. Research on Ca oscillations in osteoclasts has still many problems. Surprisingly, there is no objective definition of Ca oscillations. Causality between Ca oscillations and osteoclast differentiation and/or function remains to be examined.
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21
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Schlesinger PH, Braddock DT, Larrouture QC, Ray EC, Riazanski V, Nelson DJ, Tourkova IL, Blair HC. Phylogeny and chemistry of biological mineral transport. Bone 2020; 141:115621. [PMID: 32858255 PMCID: PMC7771281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Three physiologically mineralizing tissues - teeth, cartilage and bone - have critical common elements and important evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetically the most ancient densely mineralized tissue is teeth. In jawless fishes without skeletons, tooth formation included epithelial transport of phosphates, a process echoed later in bone physiology. Cartilage and mineralized cartilage are skeletal elements separate from bone, but with metabolic features common to bone. Cartilage mineralization is coordinated with high expression of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and PHOSPHO1 to harvest available phosphate esters and support mineralization of collagen secreted locally. Mineralization in true bone results from stochastic nucleation of hydroxyapatite crystals within the cross-linked collagen fibrils. Mineral accumulation in dense collagen is, at least in major part, mediated by amorphous aggregates - often called Posner clusters - of calcium and phosphate that are small enough to diffuse into collagen fibrils. Mineral accumulation in membrane vesicles is widely suggested, but does not correlate with a definitive stage of mineralization. Conversely mineral deposition at non-physiologic sites where calcium and phosphate are adequate has been shown to be regulated in large part by pyrophosphate. All of these elements are present in vertebrate bone metabolism. A key biological element of bone formation is an epithelial-like cellular organization which allows control of phosphate, calcium and pH during mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Schlesinger
- Dept of Cell Biology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Demetrios T Braddock
- Dept. of Pathology, Yale New Haven Hospital, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Quitterie C Larrouture
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Evan C Ray
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Riazanski
- Dept of Neurobiology, Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Deborah J Nelson
- Dept of Neurobiology, Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Irina L Tourkova
- Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Harry C Blair
- Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
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22
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Silva-Rojas R, Laporte J, Böhm J. STIM1/ ORAI1 Loss-of-Function and Gain-of-Function Mutations Inversely Impact on SOCE and Calcium Homeostasis and Cause Multi-Systemic Mirror Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:604941. [PMID: 33250786 PMCID: PMC7672041 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.604941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a ubiquitous and essential mechanism regulating Ca2+ homeostasis in all tissues, and controls a wide range of cellular functions including keratinocyte differentiation, osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, T cell proliferation, platelet activation, and muscle contraction. The main SOCE actors are STIM1 and ORAI1. Depletion of the reticular Ca2+ stores induces oligomerization of the luminal Ca2+ sensor STIM1, and the oligomers activate the plasma membrane Ca2+ channel ORAI1 to trigger extracellular Ca2+ entry. Mutations in STIM1 and ORAI1 result in abnormal SOCE and lead to multi-systemic disorders. Recessive loss-of-function mutations are associated with CRAC (Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+) channelopathy, involving immunodeficiency and autoimmunity, muscular hypotonia, ectodermal dysplasia, and mydriasis. In contrast, dominant STIM1 and ORAI1 gain-of-function mutations give rise to tubular aggregate myopathy and Stormorken syndrome (TAM/STRMK), forming a clinical spectrum encompassing muscle weakness, thrombocytopenia, ichthyosis, hyposplenism, short stature, and miosis. Functional studies on patient-derived cells revealed that CRAC channelopathy mutations impair SOCE and extracellular Ca2+ influx, while TAM/STRMK mutations induce excessive Ca2+ entry through SOCE over-activation. In accordance with the opposite pathomechanisms underlying both disorders, CRAC channelopathy and TAM/STRMK patients show mirror phenotypes at the clinical and molecular levels, and the respective animal models recapitulate the skin, bones, immune system, platelet, and muscle anomalies. Here we review and compare the clinical presentations of CRAC channelopathy and TAM/STRMK patients and the histological and molecular findings obtained on human samples and murine models to highlight the mirror phenotypes in different tissues, and to point out potentially undiagnosed anomalies in patients, which may be relevant for disease management and prospective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Silva-Rojas
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Johann Böhm
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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23
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Yang Z, Yue Z, Ma X, Xu Z. Calcium Homeostasis: A Potential Vicious Cycle of Bone Metastasis in Breast Cancers. Front Oncol 2020; 10:293. [PMID: 32211326 PMCID: PMC7076168 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers have been considered as one of the most severe health problems in the world. Efforts to elucidate the cancer progression reveal the importance of bone metastasis for tumor malignancy, one of the leading causes for high mortality rate. Multiple cancers develop bone metastasis, from which breast cancers exhibit the highest rate and have been well-recognized. Numerous cells and environmental factors have been believed to synergistically facilitate bone metastasis in breast cancers, from which breast cancer cells, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and their produced cytokines have been well-recognized to form a vicious cycle that aggravates tumor malignancy. Except the cytokines or chemokines, calcium ions are another element largely released from bones during bone metastasis that leads to hypercalcemia, however, have not been well-characterized yet in modulation of bone metastasis. Calcium ions act as a type of unique second messenger that exhibits omnipotent functions in numerous cells, including tumor cells, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts. Calcium ions cannot be produced in the cells and are dynamically fluxed among extracellular calcium pools, intracellular calcium storages and cytosolic calcium signals, namely calcium homeostasis, raising a possibility that calcium ions released from bone during bone metastasis would further enhance bone metastasis and aggravate tumor progression via the vicious cycle due to abnormal calcium homeostasis in breast cancer cells, osteoclasts and osteoblasts. TRPs, VGCCs, SOCE, and P2Xs are four major calcium channels/routes mediating extracellular calcium entry and affect calcium homeostasis. Here we will summarize the overall functions of these four calcium channels in breast cancer cells, osteoclasts and osteoblasts, providing evidence of calcium homeostasis as a vicious cycle in modulation of bone metastasis in breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfeng Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology Center for Microbiota & Immune Related Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiying Yue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrun Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology Center for Microbiota & Immune Related Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyao Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology Center for Microbiota & Immune Related Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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24
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Bai Y, Li B, Wang S, Jiang H, Li J, Wang W, Wang K, Qin L, Jia J. Effects of estrogen on STIM1/Orai1 in the sublingual gland of ovariectomized rats. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:701-707. [PMID: 31916583 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that estrogen can protect the function of the sublingual gland, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Besides, the STIM1/Orai1 pathway is important to secretion in the salivary gland. Here, we explore the possible effects of estrogen on sublingual gland function by observing changes of STIM1 and Orai1 levels in the sublingual glands of ovariectomized rats. METHODS 42 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: SHAM, OVX, and OVX+E (n = 14 per group). Two weeks after ovariectomy, rats were treated with estrogen (β-estradiol). The expression of STIM1 and Orai1 in the sublingual gland were observed by double label-immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Calcium imaging was conducted to observe changes in cellular Ca²⁺ levels. RESULTS IHC and IF showed that the levels of both STIM1 and Orai1 decreased following ovariectomy, but increased to SHAM levels after estrogen treatment. By IF, STIM1 and Orai1 exhibited perfect co-localization. Calcium imaging results showed that the Ca²⁺ in the cells decreased after ovariectomy. Estrogen intervention returned levels of these proteins and Ca²⁺ to the same as those in the control group. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that low estrogen status significantly reduced the expression of STIM1 and Orai1 in the sublingual gland of rats, along with cellular Ca²⁺ levels. These data provide insight into the likely mechanisms underlying sublingual gland secretion dysfunction during menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sinan Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junlei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Qin
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Jia
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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25
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Gamage TH, Lengle E, Gunnes G, Pullisaar H, Holmgren A, Reseland JE, Merckoll E, Corti S, Mizobuchi M, Morales RJ, Tsiokas L, Tjønnfjord GE, Lacruz RS, Lyngstadaas SP, Misceo D, Frengen E. STIM1 R304W in mice causes subgingival hair growth and an increased fraction of trabecular bone. Cell Calcium 2019; 85:102110. [PMID: 31785581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcium signaling plays a central role in bone development and homeostasis. Store operated calcium entry (SOCE) is an important calcium influx pathway mediated by calcium release activated calcium (CRAC) channels in the plasma membrane. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is an endoplasmic reticulum calcium sensing protein important for SOCE. We generated a mouse model expressing the STIM1 R304W mutation, causing Stormorken syndrome in humans. Stim1R304W/R304W mice showed perinatal lethality, and the only three animals that survived into adulthood presented with reduced growth, low body weight, and thoracic kyphosis. Radiographs revealed a reduced number of ribs in the Stim1R304W/R304W mice. Microcomputed tomography data revealed decreased cortical bone thickness and increased trabecular bone volume fraction in Stim1R304W/R304W mice, which had thinner and more compact bone compared to wild type mice. The Stim1R304W/+ mice showed an intermediate phenotype. Histological analyses showed that the Stim1R304W/R304W mice had abnormal bone architecture, with markedly increased number of trabeculae and reduced bone marrow cavity. Homozygous mice showed STIM1 positive osteocytes and osteoblasts. These findings highlight the critical role of the gain-of-function (GoF) STIM1 R304W protein in skeletal development and homeostasis in mice. Furthermore, the novel feature of bilateral subgingival hair growth on the lower incisors in the Stim1R304W/R304W mice and 25 % of the heterozygous mice indicate that the GoF STIM1 R304W protein also induces an abnormal epithelial cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini H Gamage
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emma Lengle
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gjermund Gunnes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
| | - Helen Pullisaar
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Holmgren
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janne E Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else Merckoll
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefania Corti
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Centre, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Leonidas Tsiokas
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Geir E Tjønnfjord
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Staale P Lyngstadaas
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Doriana Misceo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Frengen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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26
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Abstract
Calcification is a regulated physiological process occurring in bones and teeth. However, calcification is commonly found in soft tissues in association with aging and in a variety of diseases. Over the last two decades, it has emerged that calcification occurring in diseased arteries is not simply an inevitable build-up of insoluble precipitates of calcium phosphate. In some cases, it is an active process in which transcription factors drive conversion of vascular cells to an osteoblast or chondrocyte-like phenotype, with the subsequent production of mineralizing "matrix vesicles." Early studies of bone and cartilage calcification suggested roles for cellular calcium signaling in several of the processes involved in the regulation of bone calcification. Similarly, calcium signaling has recently been highlighted as an important component in the mechanisms regulating pathological calcification. The emerging hypothesis is that ectopic/pathological calcification occurs in tissues in which there is an imbalance in the regulatory mechanisms that actively prevent calcification. This review highlights the various ways that calcium signaling regulates tissue calcification, with a particular focus on pathological vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Proudfoot
- Signalling Division, Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
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27
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Robinson LJ, Blair HC, Barnett JB, Soboloff J. The roles of Orai and Stim in bone health and disease. Cell Calcium 2019; 81:51-58. [PMID: 31201955 PMCID: PMC7181067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Orai and Stim proteins are the mediators of calcium release-activated calcium signaling and are important in the regulation of bone homeostasis and disease. This includes separate regulatory systems controlling mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to form osteoblasts, which make bone, and differentiation and regulation of osteoclasts, which resorb bone. These systems will be described separately, and their integration and relation to other systems, including Orai and Stim in teeth, will be briefly discussed at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Robinson
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown WV 26505, United States; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown WV 26505, United States.
| | - Harry C Blair
- Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA 15206, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - John B Barnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown WV 26505, United States
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology and the Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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28
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Silva-Rojas R, Treves S, Jacobs H, Kessler P, Messaddeq N, Laporte J, Böhm J. STIM1 over-activation generates a multi-systemic phenotype affecting the skeletal muscle, spleen, eye, skin, bones and immune system in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 28:1579-1593. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Silva-Rojas
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Susan Treves
- Departments of Biomedicine and Anaesthesia, Basel University Hospital, Basel University, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Life Sciences, General Pathology section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Hugues Jacobs
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch, France
| | - Pascal Kessler
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Nadia Messaddeq
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Johann Böhm
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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29
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Integrative genomic analysis for the functional roles of ITPKC in bone mineral density. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181481. [PMID: 30355649 PMCID: PMC6265621 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is defined by low bone mineral density (BMD), which is mainly due to the imbalances in osteoclast and osteoblast activity. Previous studies indicated that early activation of osteoclasts relies on calcium entry through store-operated calcium (SOC) entry, and several genes, including STIM1, ORAI1, and ITPKC, are known as key regulators of SOC entry. However, the relationships between STIM1, ORAI1, ITPKC, and human BMD are still unclear. In order to investigate the plausible associations between these genes and BMD, we conducted a meta-analysis of genes expression and BMD using the publicly available GEO database. We further recruited 1044 subjects and tested associations between polymorphisms in these genes and BMD. Clinical information (including age, sex, and BMI) was collected and used for the analysis. Our results indicated that ITPKC gene expression was significantly associated with BMD. Furthermore, we found that one ITPKC SNP (rs2607420) was significantly associated with lumbar spine BMD. Through bioinformatics analysis, rs2607420 was found to be very likely to participate in the regulation of ITPKC expression. Our findings suggest that ITPKC is a susceptibility gene for BMD, and rs2607420 may play an important role in the regulation of this gene.
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30
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Eckstein M, Lacruz RS. CRAC channels in dental enamel cells. Cell Calcium 2018; 75:14-20. [PMID: 30114531 PMCID: PMC6435299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Enamel mineralization relies on Ca2+ availability provided by Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. CRAC channels are modulated by the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor STIM1 which gates the pore subunit of the channel known as ORAI1, found the in plasma membrane, to enable sustained Ca2+ influx. Mutations in the STIM1 and ORAI1 genes result in CRAC channelopathy, an ensemble of diseases including immunodeficiency, muscular hypotonia, ectodermal dysplasia with defects in sweat gland function and abnormal enamel mineralization similar to amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). In some reports, the chief medical complain has been the patient's dental health, highlighting the direct and important link between CRAC channels and enamel. The reported enamel defects are apparent in both the deciduous and in permanent teeth and often require extensive dental treatment to provide the patient with a functional dentition. Among the dental phenotypes observed in the patients, discoloration, increased wear, hypoplasias (thinning of enamel) and chipping has been reported. These findings are not universal in all patients. Here we review the mutations in STIM1 and ORAI1 causing AI-like phenotype, and evaluate the enamel defects in CRAC channel deficient mice. We also provide a brief overview of the role of CRAC channels in other mineralizing systems such as dentine and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eckstein
- Dept. Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York 10010, USA
| | - R S Lacruz
- Dept. Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York 10010, USA.
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31
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Son A, Kang N, Kang JY, Kim KW, Yang YM, Shin DM. TRPM3/TRPV4 regulates Ca2+-mediated RANKL/NFATc1 expression in osteoblasts. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:207-218. [PMID: 30328352 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stress plays an important role in the regulation of bone turnover. However, the mechanism underlying hypo-osmotic stress-induced cellular response in osteoblasts remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of hypotonic stress on the expression of bone remodeling factors, including the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and the nuclear factor of activated T cells type c1 (NFATc1) in primary mouse osteoblasts and MC3T3-E1 cells. Hypo-osmotic stress induced significant increases in RANKL mRNA expression and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) from the extracellular space. Hypo-osmotic stress-induced effects on [Ca2+]i and RANKL and NFATc1 protein expression were decreased by antagonists of transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) and vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). Agonists of TRPM3 and TRPV4 activated [Ca2+]i and RANKL and NFATc1 protein expression. Furthermore, genetic suppression of Trpm3 and Trpv4 reduced hypo-osmotic stress-induced effects in mouse osteoblasts. These results suggest that hypo-osmotic stress induces increases in [Ca2+]i through TRPM3 and TRPV4 to regulate RANKL and NFATc1 expression in mouse osteoblastic cells and that mechanical stress-activated TRP channels may play a critical role in bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aran Son
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Namju Kang
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yun Kang
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Woo Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Min Shin
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Song M, Yu B, Kim S, Hayashi M, Smith C, Sohn S, Kim E, Lim J, Stevenson RG, Kim RH. Clinical and Molecular Perspectives of Reparative Dentin Formation: Lessons Learned from Pulp-Capping Materials and the Emerging Roles of Calcium. Dent Clin North Am 2018; 61:93-110. [PMID: 27912821 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The long-term use of calcium hydroxide and the recent increase in the use of hydraulic calcium-silicate cements as direct pulp-capping materials provide important clues in terms of how reparative dentin may be induced to form a "biological seal" to protect the underlying pulp tissues. In this review article, we discuss clinical and molecular perspectives of reparative dentin formation based on evidence learned from the use of these pulp-capping materials. We also discuss the emerging role of calcium as an odontoinductive component in these pulp-capping materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju Song
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bo Yu
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sol Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marc Hayashi
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Colby Smith
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Suhjin Sohn
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Euiseong Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50 Yonsei-Ro, 03772, Seoul, Korea
| | - James Lim
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Richard G Stevenson
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Reuben H Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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33
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Kim HE, Hong JH. The overview of channels, transporters, and calcium signaling molecules during amelogenesis. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 93:47-55. [PMID: 29803993 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Enamel is a highly calcified tissue. Its formation requires a progressive and dynamic system for the regulation of electrolyte concentration by enamel epithelia. A critical function of enamel epithelial cells, ameloblasts, is the secretion and movement of electrolytes via various channels and transporters to develop the enamel tissue. Enamel formation generates protons, which need to be neutralised. Thus, ameloblasts possess a buffering system to sustain mineral accretion. Normal tooth formation involves stage-dependent net fluctuations in pH during amelogenesis. To date, all of our information about ion transporters in dental enamel tissue is based solely on immunostaining-expression techniques. This review critically evaluates the current understanding and recent discoveries and physiological role of ion channels and transporters, Mg2+ transporters, and Ca2+ regulatory proteins during amelogenesis in enamel formation. The ways in which ameloblasts modulate ions are discussed in the context of current research for developing a novel morphologic-functional model of enamel maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Eun Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University, 191 Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea.
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Choi H, Srikanth S, Atti E, Pirih FQ, Nervina JM, Gwack Y, Tetradis S. Deletion of Orai1 leads to bone loss aggravated with aging and impairs function of osteoblast lineage cells. Bone Rep 2018; 8:147-155. [PMID: 29955633 PMCID: PMC6020256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoblast lineage cells, a group of cells including mesenchymal progenitors, osteoblasts, and osteocytes, are tightly controlled for differentiation, proliferation and stage-specific functions in processes of skeletal development, growth and maintenance. Recently, the plasma membrane calcium channel Orai1 was highlighted for its role in skeletal development and osteoblast differentiation. Yet the roles of Orai1 in osteoblast lineage cells at various stages of maturation have not been investigated. Herein we report the severe bone loss that occurred in Orai1−/− mice, aggravated by aging, as shown by the microcomputed tomography (mCT) and bone histomorphometry analysis of 8-week and 12-week old Orai1−/− mice and sex-matched WT littermates. We also report that Orai1 deficiency affected the differentiation, proliferation, and type I collagen secretion of primary calvarial osteoblasts, mesenchymal progenitors, and osteocytes in Orai1−/− mice; specifically, our study revealed a significant decrease in the expression of osteocytic genes Fgf23, DMP1 and Phex in the cortical long bone of Orai1−/− mice; a defective cellular and nuclear morphology of Orai1−/− osteocytes; and defective osteogenic differentiation of Orai1−/− primary calvarial osteoblasts (pOBs), including a decrease in extracellular-secretion of type I collagen. An increase in the mesenchymal progenitor population of Orai1−/− bone marrow cells was indicated by a colony forming unit-fibroblasts (CFU-F) assay, and the increased proliferation of Orai1−/− pOBs was indicated by an MTT assay. Notably, Orai1 deficiency reduced the nuclear localization and transcription activity of the Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cell c1 (NFATc1), a calcium-regulated transcription factor, in pOBs. Altogether, our study demonstrated the crucial role of Orai1 in bone development and maintenance, via its diverse effects on osteoblast lineage cells from mesenchymal progenitors to osteocytes. Severe bone loss in adult Orai1-/- mice was aggravated by aging. Orai1 deficiency affected function, differentiation and proliferation of osteoblast lineage cells, from mesenchymal progenitors to and osteocytes. Orai1 deficiency reduced the nuclear localization and transcription activity of NFATc1, a calcium-regulated transcription factor, in primary calvarial osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Choi
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, United States
| | - Sonal Srikanth
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751, United States
| | - Elisa Atti
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, United States
| | - Flavia Q Pirih
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, United States
| | - Jeanne M Nervina
- Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, United States
| | - Yousang Gwack
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751, United States
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, United States
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35
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Putney JW. Forms and functions of store-operated calcium entry mediators, STIM and Orai. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 68:88-96. [PMID: 29217255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Calcium signals arise by multiple mechanisms, including mechanisms of release of intracellular stored Ca2+, and the influx of Ca2+ through channels in the plasma membrane. One mechanism that links these two sources of Ca2+ is store-operated Ca2+ entry, the most commonly encountered version of which involves the extensively studied calcium-release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel. The minimal and essential molecular components of the CRAC channel are the STIM proteins that function as Ca2+ sensors in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Orai proteins that comprise the pore forming subunits of the CRAC channel. CRAC channels are known to play significant roles in a wide variety of physiological functions. This review discusses the multiple forms of STIM and Orai proteins encountered in mammalian cells, and discusses some specific examples of how these proteins modulate or mediate important physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Putney
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences - NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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36
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Azimi I, Milevskiy MJG, Kaemmerer E, Turner D, Yapa KTDS, Brown MA, Thompson EW, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR. TRPC1 is a differential regulator of hypoxia-mediated events and Akt signalling in PTEN-deficient breast cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2292-2305. [PMID: 28559303 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.196659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a feature of the tumour microenvironment that promotes invasiveness, resistance to chemotherapeutics and cell survival. Our studies identify the transient receptor potential canonical-1 (TRPC1) ion channel as a key component of responses to hypoxia in breast cancer cells. This regulation includes control of specific epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) events and hypoxia-mediated activation of signalling pathways such as activation of the EGFR, STAT3 and the autophagy marker LC3B, through hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. TRPC1 regulated HIF1α levels in PTEN-deficient MDA-MB-468 and HCC1569 breast cancer cell lines. This regulation arises from effects on the constitutive translation of HIF1α under normoxic conditions via an Akt-dependent pathway. In further support of the role of TRPC1 in EMT, its expression is closely associated with EMT- and metastasis-related genes in breast tumours, and is enhanced in basal B breast cancer cell lines. TRPC1 expression is also significantly prognostic for basal breast cancers, particularly those classified as lymph node positive. The defined roles of TRPC1 identified here could be therapeutically exploited for the control of oncogenic pathways in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Azimi
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia.,Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Michael J G Milevskiy
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Elke Kaemmerer
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia.,Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Dane Turner
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Kunsala T D S Yapa
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Melissa A Brown
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | | | - Gregory R Monteith
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia .,Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
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37
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Subedi KP, Ong HL, Ambudkar IS. Assembly of ER-PM Junctions: A Critical Determinant in the Regulation of SOCE and TRPC1. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 981:253-276. [PMID: 29594865 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55858-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), a unique plasma membrane Ca2+ entry mechanism, is activated when ER-[Ca2+] is decreased. SOCE is mediated via the primary channel, Orai1, as well as others such as TRPC1. STIM1 and STIM2 are ER-Ca2+ sensor proteins that regulate Orai1 and TRPC1. SOCE requires assembly of STIM proteins with the plasma membrane channels which occurs within distinct regions in the cell that have been termed as endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-plasma membrane (PM) junctions. The PM and ER are in close proximity to each other within this region, which allows STIM1 in the ER to interact with and activate either Orai1 or TRPC1 in the plasma membrane. Activation and regulation of SOCE involves dynamic assembly of various components that are involved in mediating Ca2+ entry as well as those that determine the formation and stabilization of the junctions. These components include proteins in the cytosol, ER and PM, as well as lipids in the PM. Recent studies have also suggested that SOCE and its components are compartmentalized within ER-PM junctions and that this process might require remodeling of the plasma membrane lipids and reorganization of structural and scaffolding proteins. Such compartmentalization leads to the generation of spatially- and temporally-controlled Ca2+signals that are critical for regulating many downstream cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna P Subedi
- Secretory Physiology Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hwei Ling Ong
- Secretory Physiology Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Indu S Ambudkar
- Secretory Physiology Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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38
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Blair HC, Larrouture QC, Li Y, Lin H, Beer-Stoltz D, Liu L, Tuan RS, Robinson LJ, Schlesinger PH, Nelson DJ. Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Matrix Formation In Vivo and In Vitro. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 23:268-280. [PMID: 27846781 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We review the characteristics of osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix synthesis. Bone in air breathing vertebrates is a specialized tissue that developmentally replaces simpler solid tissues, usually cartilage. Bone is a living organ bounded by a layer of osteoblasts that, because of transport and compartmentalization requirements, produce bone matrix exclusively as an organized tight epithelium. With matrix growth, osteoblasts are reorganized and incorporated into the matrix as living cells, osteocytes, which communicate with each other and surface epithelium by cell processes within canaliculi in the matrix. The osteoblasts secrete the organic matrix, which are dense collagen layers that alternate parallel and orthogonal to the axis of stress loading. Into this matrix is deposited extremely dense hydroxyapatite-based mineral driven by both active and passive transport and pH control. As the matrix matures, hydroxyapatite microcrystals are organized into a sophisticated composite in the collagen layer by nucleation in the protein lattice. Recent studies on differentiating osteoblast precursors revealed a sophisticated proton export network driving mineralization, a gene expression program organized with the compartmentalization of the osteoblast epithelium that produces the mature bone matrix composite, despite varying serum calcium and phosphate. Key issues not well defined include how new osteoblasts are incorporated in the epithelial layer, replacing those incorporated in the accumulating matrix. Development of bone in vitro is the subject of numerous projects using various matrices and mesenchymal stem cell-derived preparations in bioreactors. These preparations reflect the structure of bone to variable extents, and include cells at many different stages of differentiation. Major challenges are production of bone matrix approaching the in vivo density and support for trabecular bone formation. In vitro differentiation is limited by the organization and density of osteoblasts and by endogenous and exogenous inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Blair
- 1 Veteran's Affairs Medical Center , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Yanan Li
- 3 Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Hang Lin
- 4 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Donna Beer-Stoltz
- 2 Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Li Liu
- 2 Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- 4 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa J Robinson
- 5 Department of Pathology, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia.,6 Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Paul H Schlesinger
- 7 Department of Cell Biology, Washington University , Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Deborah J Nelson
- 8 Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
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39
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Putney JW, Steinckwich-Besançon N, Numaga-Tomita T, Davis FM, Desai PN, D'Agostin DM, Wu S, Bird GS. The functions of store-operated calcium channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:900-906. [PMID: 27913208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated calcium channels provide calcium signals to the cytoplasm of a wide variety of cell types. The basic components of this signaling mechanism include a mechanism for discharging Ca2+ stores (commonly but not exclusively phospholipase C and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate), a sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum that also serves as an activator of the plasma membrane channel (STIM1 and STIM2), and the store-operated channel (Orai1, 2 or 3). The advent of mice genetically altered to reduce store-operated calcium entry globally or in specific cell types has provided important tools to understand the functions of these widely encountered channels in specific and clinically important physiological systems. This review briefly discusses the history and cellular properties of store-operated calcium channels, and summarizes selected studies of their physiological functions in specific physiological or pathological contexts. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: ECS Meeting edited by Claus Heizmann, Joachim Krebs and Jacques Haiech.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Putney
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Natacha Steinckwich-Besançon
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Takuro Numaga-Tomita
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Felicity M Davis
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Pooja N Desai
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Diane M D'Agostin
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Shilan Wu
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Gary S Bird
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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40
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Lee SH, Park Y, Song M, Srikanth S, Kim S, Kang MK, Gwack Y, Park NH, Kim RH, Shin KH. Orai1 mediates osteogenic differentiation via BMP signaling pathway in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:1309-1314. [PMID: 27086849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Orai1 is a pore-subunit of store-operated Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channel that mediates Ca(2+) influx in most non-excitable cells via store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) mechanism. We previously demonstrated that Orai1 is involved in mediating osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but the underlying mechanism of this function remains unknown. Here, we report that Orai1 mediates osteogenic differentiation via bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling pathway in bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs). In osteogenic conditions, BMSCs derived from wild-type mice underwent osteoblastic differentiation and induced mineralization as demonstrated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red S staining, respectively. The expression of Runx2, a master regulator of osteoblast differentiation, and osteogenic differentiation markers were markedly increased in wild-type BMSCs under osteogenic conditions. In contrast, osteogenic conditions failed to induce such effects in BMSCs derived from Orai1-deficient (Orai1(-/-)) mice, indicating that Orai1 is, in part, necessary for osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. We also found that BMP2 successfully induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8, the immediate effector molecules of BMP signaling, in wild-type BMSCs, but failed to do so in Orai1(-/-) BMSCs. Downstream target genes of BMP signaling pathway were consistently increased by osteogenic conditions in wild-type BMSCs, but not in Orai1(-/-) BMSCs, suggesting a novel molecular link between Orai1 and BMP signaling pathway in the osteogenic differentiation process. Further functional studies demonstrated that activation of BMP signaling rescues osteogenic differentiation capacity of Orai1(-/-) BMSCs. In conclusion, Orai1 regulates osteogenic differentiation through BMP signaling, and the Orai1-BMP signaling may be a possible therapeutic target for treating bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Lee
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yongtae Park
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Minju Song
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sonal Srikanth
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sol Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mo K Kang
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yousang Gwack
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - No-Hee Park
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Reuben H Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Ki-Hyuk Shin
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Park R, Ji JD. Calcium channels: the potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory bone destruction of rheumatoid arthritis. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:347-54. [PMID: 26852086 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bone resorption causes progressive joint destruction which ultimately leads to functional disability in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The primary cell responsible for bone resorption is the osteoclast, which means it is a potential therapeutic target against bone destruction. In fact, experimental and clinical findings suggest that blockade of osteoclast differentiation and function is highly effective in inhibiting bone destruction in RA. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In this report, we show several lines of experimental evidence which suggest that a variety of Ca(2+) channels are essential in osteoclast differentiation and function, and present a hypothesis that modulation of Ca(2+) channels is a highly effective therapeutic strategy in preventing osteoclast-induced structural damage in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Park
- Division of Rheumatology, College of Medicine, Korea University, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ga, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
| | - Jong Dae Ji
- Division of Rheumatology, College of Medicine, Korea University, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ga, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea.
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42
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Blair HC, Soboloff J, Robinson LJ, Tourkova IL, Larrouture QC, Witt MR, Holaskova I, Schafer R, Elliott M, Hirsch R, Barnett JB. Suppression of arthritis-induced bone erosion by a CRAC channel antagonist. RMD Open 2016; 2:e000093. [PMID: 26819750 PMCID: PMC4716559 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We have shown in vitro and in vivo that osteoclast maturation requires calcium-release activated calcium (CRAC) channels. In inflammatory arthritis, osteoclasts mediate severe and debilitating bone erosion. In the current study, we assess the value of CRAC channels as a therapeutic target to suppress bone erosion in acute inflammatory arthritis. Methods Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in mice. The CRAC channel inhibitor 3,4-dichloropropionaniline (DCPA) and a placebo was administered 1 day prior to collagen II booster to induce arthritis. Effects on swelling, inflammatory cell invasion in joints, serum cytokines and bone erosion were measured. Results Assays, by blinded observers, of arthritis severity showed that DCPA, 21 mg/kg/day, suppressed arthritis development over 3 weeks. Bone and cartilage damage in sections of animal feet was reduced approximately 50%; overall swelling of joints was reduced by a similar amount. Effects on bone density by µCT showed clear separation in DCPA-treated CIA animals from CIA without treatment, while differences between controls without CIA and CIA treated with DCPA differed by small amounts and in most cases were not statistically different. Response was not related to anticollagen titres. There were no adverse effects in the treated group on animal weight or activity, consistent with low toxicity. The effect was maximal 12–17 days after collagen booster, during the rapid appearance of arthritis in untreated CIA. At 20 days after treatment (day 40), differences in arthritis score were reduced and tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1, or IL-6 in the serum of the animals were similar in treated and untreated animals. Conclusions DCPA, a novel inhibitor of CRAC channels, suppresses bone erosion associated with acute arthritis in mice and might represent a new treatment modality for acute arthrits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Blair
- Departments of Pathology and of Cell Biology , The Pittsburgh VA Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , USA
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology and the Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Biochemistry , Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Lisa J Robinson
- Departments of Pathology and of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia , USA
| | - Irina L Tourkova
- Departments of Pathology and of Cell Biology , The Pittsburgh VA Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , USA
| | - Quitterie C Larrouture
- Departments of Pathology and of Cell Biology , The Pittsburgh VA Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , USA
| | - Michelle R Witt
- Departments of Pathology and of Cell Biology , The Pittsburgh VA Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , USA
| | - Ida Holaskova
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, and the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia , USA
| | - Rosana Schafer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, and the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia , USA
| | - Meenal Elliott
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, and the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia , USA
| | - Raphael Hirsch
- Department of Pediatrics , University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City ,
| | - John B Barnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, and the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia , USA
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43
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Larrouture QC, Nelson DJ, Robinson LJ, Liu L, Tourkova I, Schlesinger PH, Blair HC. Chloride-hydrogen antiporters ClC-3 and ClC-5 drive osteoblast mineralization and regulate fine-structure bone patterning in vitro. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/11/e12607. [PMID: 26603451 PMCID: PMC4673636 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts form an epithelium-like layer with tight junctions separating bone matrix from extracellular fluid. During mineral deposition, calcium and phosphate precipitation in hydroxyapatite liberates 0.8 mole of H+ per mole Ca+2. Thus, acid export is needed for mineral formation. We examined ion transport supporting osteoblast vectorial mineral deposition. Previously we established that Na/H exchangers 1 and 6 are highly expressed at secretory osteoblast basolateral surfaces and neutralize massive acid loads. The Na/H exchanger regulatory factor-1 (NHERF1), a pdz-organizing protein, occurs at mineralizing osteoblast basolateral surfaces. We hypothesized that high-capacity proton transport from matrix into osteoblast cytosol must exist to support acid transcytosis for mineral deposition. Gene screening in mineralizing osteoblasts showed dramatic expression of chloride–proton antiporters ClC-3 and ClC-5. Antibody localization showed that ClC-3 and ClC-5 occur at the apical secretory surface facing the bone matrix and in membranes of buried osteocytes. Surprisingly, the Clcn3−/− mouse has only mildly disordered mineralization. However, Clcn3−/− osteoblasts have large compensatory increases in ClC-5 expression. Clcn3−/− osteoblasts mineralize in vitro in a striking and novel trabecular pattern; wild-type osteoblasts form bone nodules. In mesenchymal stem cells from Clcn3−/− mice, lentiviral ClC-5 shRNA created Clcn3−/−, ClC-5 knockdown cells, validated by western blot and PCR. Osteoblasts from these cells produced no mineral under conditions where wild-type or Clcn3−/− cells mineralize well. We conclude that regulated acid export, mediated by chloride–proton exchange, is essential to drive normal bone mineralization, and that CLC transporters also regulate fine patterning of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah J Nelson
- Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lisa J Robinson
- Departments of Pathology and of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Irina Tourkova
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul H Schlesinger
- Department of Cell Biology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Harry C Blair
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Gu Z, Zhang Y, Qiu G. Promoter polymorphism T-786C, 894G→T at exon 7 of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene are associated with risk of osteoporosis in Sichuan region male residents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:15270-15274. [PMID: 26823879 PMCID: PMC4713665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between genetic polymorphism of T-786C in promoter region, 894G→T at exon 7 of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene and osteoporosis (OP) disease. METHOD The genotypes of 350 patients with osteoporosis and 350 healthy controls were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. The allele ratios and genotype distributions in the patients and controls were assessed using the Pearson χ(2)-test. Odds ratios (OR) with two tailed P-values and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated as a measure of the association of the eNOS genotypes with OP. RESULT the C allele distribution frequency of T-786C eNOS gene in OP group (8.5%) was significantly higher than that in control group (3.9%), relative risk (OR) of OP associated with the CC genotype was 2.68 (95% CI, 0.92 to 1.37). The T allele frequency of 894G→T at exon 7 in eNOS gene in OP group (11.5%) was also significantly higher than that in control group (5.2%), OR of OP associated with the TT genotype was 2.60 (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION The analysis results indicated that both T-786C in promoter region and 894G→T at exon 7 of eNOS gene might be genetic predisposal factors of OP, these polymorphisms may be independently or synergic with other loci to have an impact on the incidence of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuchao Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of ChengduSichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of ChengduSichuan Province, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijing, 10005, P. R. China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijing, 10005, P. R. China
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Palagano E, Blair HC, Pangrazio A, Tourkova I, Strina D, Angius A, Cuccuru G, Oppo M, Uva P, Van Hul W, Boudin E, Superti-Furga A, Faletra F, Nocerino A, Ferrari MC, Grappiolo G, Monari M, Montanelli A, Vezzoni P, Villa A, Sobacchi C. Buried in the Middle but Guilty: Intronic Mutations in the TCIRG1 Gene Cause Human Autosomal Recessive Osteopetrosis. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1814-21. [PMID: 25829125 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO) is a rare genetic bone disease with genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity, sometimes translating into delayed diagnosis and treatment. In particular, cases of intermediate severity often constitute a diagnostic challenge and represent good candidates for exome sequencing. Here, we describe the tortuous path to identification of the molecular defect in two siblings, in which osteopetrosis diagnosed in early childhood followed a milder course, allowing them to reach the adult age in relatively good conditions with no specific therapy. No clearly pathogenic mutation was identified either with standard amplification and resequencing protocols or with exome sequencing analysis. While evaluating the possible impact of a 3'UTR variant on the TCIRG1 expression, we found a novel single nucleotide change buried in the middle of intron 15 of the TCIRG1 gene, about 150 nucleotides away from the closest canonical splice site. By sequencing a number of independent cDNA clones covering exons 14 to 17, we demonstrated that this mutation reduced splicing efficiency but did not completely abrogate the production of the normal transcript. Prompted by this finding, we sequenced the same genomic region in 33 patients from our unresolved ARO cohort and found three additional novel single nucleotide changes in a similar location and with a predicted disruptive effect on splicing, further confirmed in one of them at the transcript level. Overall, we identified an intronic region in TCIRG1 that seems to be particularly prone to splicing mutations, allowing the production of a small amount of protein sufficient to reduce the severity of the phenotype usually associated with TCIRG1 defects. On this basis, we would recommend including TCIRG1 not only in the molecular work-up of severe infantile osteopetrosis but also in intermediate cases and carefully evaluating the possible effects of intronic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Palagano
- UOS/IRGB, Milan Unit, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Harry C Blair
- Veteran's Affairs Medical Center and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alessandra Pangrazio
- UOS/IRGB, Milan Unit, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Irina Tourkova
- Veteran's Affairs Medical Center and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dario Strina
- UOS/IRGB, Milan Unit, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Andrea Angius
- CRS4, Science and Technology Park Polaris, Piscina Manna, Pula, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Gianmauro Cuccuru
- CRS4, Science and Technology Park Polaris, Piscina Manna, Pula, Italy
| | - Manuela Oppo
- CRS4, Science and Technology Park Polaris, Piscina Manna, Pula, Italy
| | - Paolo Uva
- CRS4, Science and Technology Park Polaris, Piscina Manna, Pula, Italy
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eveline Boudin
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Department of Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Flavio Faletra
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Agostino Nocerino
- Clinica Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "S Maria della Misericordia", Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo C Ferrari
- Hip and Prosthetic Replacement Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Guido Grappiolo
- Hip and Prosthetic Replacement Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Marta Monari
- Clinical Investigation Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Montanelli
- Clinical Investigation Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Paolo Vezzoni
- UOS/IRGB, Milan Unit, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Anna Villa
- UOS/IRGB, Milan Unit, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Cristina Sobacchi
- UOS/IRGB, Milan Unit, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
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Sohn S, Park Y, Srikanth S, Arai A, Song M, Yu B, Shin KH, Kang MK, Wang C, Gwack Y, Park NH, Kim RH. The Role of ORAI1 in the Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1560-7. [PMID: 26403672 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515608128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulp capping, or placing dental materials directly onto the vital pulp tissues of affected teeth, is a dental procedure that aims to regenerate reparative dentin. Several pulp capping materials are clinically being used, and calcium ion (Ca(2+)) released from these materials is known to mediate reparative dentin formation. ORAI1 is an essential pore subunit of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), which is a major Ca(2+) influx pathway in most nonexcitable cells. Here, we evaluated the role of ORAI1 in mediating the odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). During the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs, the expression of ORAI1 increased in a time-dependent manner. DPSCs knocked down with ORAI1 shRNA (DPSC/ORAI1sh) or overexpressed with dominant negative mutant ORAI1(E106Q) (DPSC/E106Q) exhibited the inhibition of Ca(2+) influx and suppression of odontogenic differentiation and mineralization as demonstrated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity/staining as well as alizarin red S staining when compared with DPSCs of their respective control groups (DPSC/CTLsh and DPSC/CTL). The gene expression for odontogenic differentiation markers such as osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) was also suppressed. When DPSC/CTL or DPSC/E106Q cells were subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice, DPSC/CTL cells induced mineralized tissue formation with significant increases in ALP and DMP1 staining in vivo, whereas DPSC/E106Q cells did not. Collectively, our data showed that ORAI1 plays critical roles in the odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of DPSCs by regulating Ca(2+) influx and that ORAI1 may be a therapeutic target to enhance reparative dentin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sohn
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Park
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Srikanth
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Arai
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Song
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Yu
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K-H Shin
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M K Kang
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Wang
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Gwack
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N-H Park
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R H Kim
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zheng L, Zinn V, Lefkelidou A, Taqi N, Chatzistavrou X, Balam T, Nervina J, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Orai1 expression pattern in tooth and craniofacial ectodermal tissues and potential functions during ameloblast differentiation. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:1249-58. [PMID: 26178077 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orai1 is a plasma membrane protein that forms the pore of the calcium release activated calcium channel. Humans with mutated Orai1 present with hereditary combined immunodeficiency, congenital myopathy and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Consistent with the ectodermal dysplasia phenotype, enamel formation and mineralization is also abnormal in Orai1 deficient patients. The expression pattern and potential functions of Orai1 in enamel formation remains unclear. To contribute toward understanding the role of Orai1 in amelogenesis we characterized ORAI1 protein developmental pattern in comparison with other ectodermal organs. We also examined the effects of Orai1 down-regulation in ameloblast cell proliferation and differentiation. RESULTS Our data show strong expression of ORAI1 protein during the ameloblast secretory stage, which weans at the end of the maturation stage. In salivary glands, ORAI1 is expressed mainly in acini cells. ORAI1 expression is also found in hair follicle and oral epithelium. Knockdown of Orai1 expression decreases cell proliferation and results in RNA expression levels changes of key ameloblast genes regulating enamel thickness and mineralization. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights in the anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia phenotype due to Orai1 mutation and highlights the importance of calcium signaling in controlling ameloblast differentiation and maturation during tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vina Zinn
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anna Lefkelidou
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nawar Taqi
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xanthippi Chatzistavrou
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tarek Balam
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeanne Nervina
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center for Organogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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48
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Nurbaeva MK, Eckstein M, Snead ML, Feske S, Lacruz RS. Store-operated Ca2+ Entry Modulates the Expression of Enamel Genes. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1471-7. [PMID: 26232387 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515598144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel formation is an intricate process tightly regulated by ameloblast cells. The correct spatiotemporal patterning of enamel matrix protein (EMP) expression is fundamental to orchestrate the formation of enamel crystals, which depend on a robust supply of Ca2+. In the extracellular milieu, Ca2+ -EMP interactions occur at different levels. Despite its recognized role in enamel development, the molecular machinery involved in Ca2+ homeostasis in ameloblasts remains poorly understood. A common mechanism for Ca2+ influx is store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). We evaluated the possibility that Ca2+ influx in enamel cells might be mediated by SOCE and the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel, the prototypical SOCE channel. Using ameloblast-like LS8 cells, we demonstrate that these cells express Ca2+ -handling molecules and mediate Ca2+ influx through SOCE. As a rise in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is a versatile signal that can modulate gene expression, we assessed whether SOCE in enamel cells had any effect on the expression of EMPs. Our results demonstrate that stimulating LS8 cells or murine primary enamel organ cells with thapsigargin to activate SOCE leads to increased expression of Amelx, Ambn, Enam, Mmp20. This effect is reversed when cells are treated with a CRAC channel inhibitor. These data indicate that Ca2+ influx in LS8 cells and enamel organ cells is mediated by CRAC channels and that Ca2+ signals enhance the expression of EMPs. Ca2+ plays an important role not only in mineralizing dental enamel but also in regulating the expression of EMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Nurbaeva
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Eckstein
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - M L Snead
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Feske
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - R S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
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Liu S, Kiyoi T, Takemasa E, Maeyama K. Systemic Lentivirus-Mediated Delivery of Short Hairpin RNA Targeting Calcium Release–Activated Calcium Channel 3 as Gene Therapy for Collagen-Induced Arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:76-83. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Classical Transient Receptor Potential 1 (TRPC1): Channel or Channel Regulator? Cells 2014; 3:939-62. [PMID: 25268281 PMCID: PMC4276908 DOI: 10.3390/cells3040939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to other Classical Transient Receptor Potential TRPC channels the function of TRPC1 as an ion channel is a matter of debate, because it is often difficult to obtain substantial functional signals over background in response to over-expression of TRPC1 alone. Along these lines, heterologously expressed TRPC1 is poorly translocated to the plasma membrane as a homotetramer and may not function on its own physiologically, but may rather be an important linker and regulator protein in heteromeric TRPC channel tetramers. However, due to the lack of specific TRPC1 antibodies able to detect native TRPC1 channels in primary cells, identification of functional TRPC1 containing heteromeric TRPC channel complexes in the plasma membrane is still challenging. Moreover, an extended TRPC1 cDNA, which was recently discovered, may seriously question results obtained in heterologous expression systems transfected with shortened cDNA versions. Therefore, this review will focus on the current status of research on TRPC1 function obtained in primary cells and a TRPC1-deficient mouse model.
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