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Pattoo TS, Khanday FA. Corelating the molecular structure of BAG3 to its oncogenic role. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:1080-1096. [PMID: 38924608 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BAG3 is a multifaceted protein characterised by having WW domain, PXXP motif and BAG domain. This protein gets upregulated during malignant transformation of cells and has been associated with poorer survival of patients. Procancerous activity of BAG domain of BAG3 is well documented. BAG domain interacts with ATPase domain of Hsp-70 preventing protein delivery to proteasome. This impediment results in enhanced cell survival, proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and chemoresistance. Besides BAG domain other two domains/motifs of BAG3 are under research vigilance to explore its further oncogenic role. This review summarises the role of different structural determinants of BAG3 in elevating oncogenesis. Based on the already existing findings, more interacting partners of BAG3 are anticipated. The anticipated partners of BAG3 can shed a wealth of information into the mechanistic insights of its proproliferative role. Proper insights into the mechanistic details adopted by BAG3 to curtail/elaborate activity of anticipated interacting partners can serve as a potent target for development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Firdous A Khanday
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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2
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Yan X, Hu J, Qi J, Tang Q, Li J, Bai L, Tang B, Ouyang Q, Wu T, He H, Li L, Xu H, Wang J, Han X, Zeng X, Liu H. Research Note: Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals potential candidate genes and regulatory pathways associated with egg weight in ducks. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102341. [PMID: 36481710 PMCID: PMC9731842 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg weight is an important indicator of egg phenotypic traits, which directly affects the economic benefits of the poultry industry. In the present research, laying ducks were classified into high egg weight (HEW) and light egg weight (LEW) groups. To reveal the underlying mechanism that may be responsible for the egg weight difference, the integrated analysis of transcriptomes and serum metabolomics was performed between the two groups. The results showed extremely significant differences (P < 0.01) in the total egg weight at 300 d, and average egg weight between the HEW and LEW groups. 733, 591, 82, and 74 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the liver, magnum, F1, and F5 (hierarchical follicles) follicle membrane, respectively. The candidate genes were screened further from the perspective of forming an egg. In terms of egg yolk formation, the functional analysis revealed fatty acid metabolism-related pathways account for 36% of the liver's top pathways, including fatty acid biosynthesis, folate biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and glycerol lipid metabolism pathways. FASN gene was identified as the key candidate gene by comprehensive analysis of gene expression and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. In the follicle membrane, the DEGs were mainly enriched in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and MAPK signaling pathway, and HSPA2, HSPA8, BAG3 genes were identified as crucial candidate genes. In terms of egg white formation, the functional analysis revealed protein metabolism-related pathways account for 40% of the magnum's top pathways, which includes protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway. HSP90AA1 and HSPA8 genes were identified as key candidate genes. In addition, the integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis showed that arginine and proline metabolism pathways could contribute to differences in egg weight. Thus, we speculated that the potential candidate genes, regulatory pathways, and metabolic biomarkers mentioned above might be responsible for the egg weight difference. These findings might provide a theoretical basis for improving the egg weight of ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Yan
- A Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Jiwei Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Campus, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Campus, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Qian Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Campus, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Junpeng Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Campus, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Lili Bai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Campus, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Bincheng Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Campus, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Qingyuan Ouyang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Campus, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Tianhao Wu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Campus, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hua He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Campus, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Liang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Campus, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hengyong Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Campus, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jiweng Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Campus, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xingfa Han
- A Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- A Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Hehe Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Campus, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Wang D, Zhu X, Siqin B, Ren C, Yi F. Long non-coding RNA CYTOR modulates cancer progression through miR-136-5p/MAT2B axis in renal cell carcinoma. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 447:116067. [PMID: 35597301 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) cytoskeleton regulator RNA (CYTOR) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS The levels of CYTOR in RCC tissues and cell lines were detected by RT-qPCR. 786-O and Caki-1 cells were transfected with CYTOR-shRNA or pcDNA-CYTOR respectively, or co-transfected with CYTOR-shRNA and miR-136-5p inhibitor, or co-transfected with miR-136-5p mimic and pcDNA-MAT2B. MTT assay, Transwell assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis. The relationship between lncRNA CYTOR and miRNA-136-5p was detected by dual luciferase reporter gene and RNA pull down assays, and the targeted relationship between miRNA-136-5p and MAT2B was verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. The interaction between MAT2B and BAG3 protein was verified by co-IP experiment. The role of lncRNA CYTOR in vivo was also examined. RESULTS LncRNA CYTOR was up-regulated in RCC tissues and cell lines, and miR-136-5p was down-regulated in renal carcinoma cell lines and tissues. Downregulation of CYTOR inhibited cell proliferation and invasion and promoted apoptosis. miR-136-5p was sponged by lncRNA CYTOR, which negatively regulated the development of RCC. MAT2B was a target gene of miR-136-5p. MAT2B protein interacted directly with BAG3 protein to affect the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of RCC cells. In vivo experiments showed that the expression level of miR-136-5p was increased, and MAT2B expression was decreased after CYTOR knockdown, thereby inhibiting the development of RCC. CONCLUSIONS LncRNA CYTOR promoted the progression of RCC by targeting miR-136-5p to regulate the target gene MAT2B, which interacted with BAG3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Buhe Siqin
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Faxian Yi
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China.
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Deng J, Zhang Q, Lv L, Ma P, Zhang Y, Zhao N, Zhang Y. Identification of an autophagy-related gene signature for predicting prognosis and immune activity in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7006. [PMID: 35488119 PMCID: PMC9054801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (PAAD) is a cancerous growth that deteriorates rapidly and has a poor prognosis. Researchers are investigating autophagy in PAAD to identify a new biomarker and treatment target. An autophagy-related gene (ARG) model for overall survival (OS) was constructed using multivariate Cox regression analyses. A cohort of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-PAAD was used as the training group as a basis for model construction. This prediction model was validated with several external datasets. To evaluate model performance, the analysis with receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) was performed. The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) were investigated to validate the effects of ARGs expression on cancer cells. Comparing the levels of immune infiltration between high-risk and low-risk groups was finished through the use of CIBERSORT. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the low-/high-risk groups were analyzed further via Gene Ontology biological process (GO-BP) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, which were used to identify potential small-molecule compounds in Connectivity Map (CMap), followed by half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) examination with PANC-1 cells. The risk score was finally calculated as follows: BAK1 × 0.34 + ITGA3 × 0.38 + BAG3 × 0.35 + APOL1 × 0.26-RAB24 × 0.67519. ITGA3 and RAB24 both emerged as independent prognostic factors in multivariate Cox regression. Each PAAD cohort had a significantly shorter OS in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. The high-risk group exhibited infiltration of several immune cell types, including naive B cells (p = 0.003), plasma cells (p = 0.044), and CD8 T cells (nearly significant, p = 0.080). Higher infiltration levels of NK cells (p = 0.025), resting macrophages (p = 0.020), and mast cells (p = 0.007) were found in the high-risk group than the low-risk group. The in vitro and in vivo expression of signature ARGs was consistent in the CCLE and HPA databases. The top 3 enriched Gene Ontology biological processes (GO-BPs) were signal release, regulation of transsynaptic signaling, and modulation of chemical synaptic transmission, and the top 3 enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were MAPK, cAMP, and cell adhesion molecules. Four potential small-molecule compounds (piperacetazine, vinburnine, withaferin A and hecogenin) that target ARGs were also identified. Taking the results together, our research shows that the ARG signature may serve as a useful prognostic indicator and reveal potential therapeutic targets in patients with PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Deng
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Lv
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ma
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
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Lin H, Koren SA, Cvetojevic G, Girardi P, Johnson GV. The role of BAG3 in health and disease: A "Magic BAG of Tricks". J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:4-21. [PMID: 33987872 PMCID: PMC8590707 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The multi-domain structure of Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) facilitates its interaction with many different proteins that participate in regulating a variety of biological pathways. After revisiting the BAG3 literature published over the past ten years with Citespace software, we classified the BAG3 research into several clusters, including cancer, cardiomyopathy, neurodegeneration, and viral propagation. We then highlighted recent key findings in each cluster. To gain greater insight into the roles of BAG3, we analyzed five different published mass spectrometry data sets of proteins that co-immunoprecipitate with BAG3. These data gave us insight into universal, as well as cell-type-specific BAG3 interactors in cancer cells, cardiomyocytes, and neurons. Finally, we mapped variable BAG3 SNPs and also mutation data from previous publications to further explore the link between the domains and function of BAG3. We believe this review will provide a better understanding of BAG3 and direct future studies towards understanding BAG3 function in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY 14642 USA
| | - Shon A. Koren
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY 14642 USA
| | - Gregor Cvetojevic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY 14642 USA
| | - Peter Girardi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY 14642 USA
| | - Gail V.W. Johnson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY 14642 USA
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6
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Li K, Deng X, Feng G, Chen Y. Knockdown of Bcl-2-Associated Athanogene-3 Can Enhance the Efficacy of BGJ398 via Suppressing Migration and Inducing Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:3036-3044. [PMID: 33089486 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies of the digestive tract worldwide, and cancer cell resistance against anticancer drugs remains a major challenge for GC treatment. Nvp-BGJ398 (BGJ398) is considered as a common drug for cancer treatment; however, Bcl-2-associated athanogene-3 (BAG3) plays an important role in drug resistance. AIMS To investigate the function of BAG3 on the sensitivity of GC cells to BGJ398. METHODS The expression of BAG3 in GC cells and GC resistance cells was examined by qRT-PCR and western blot. The resistance to BGJ398 was detected by viability assay, and a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated. The cell migration and apoptosis were determined by wound-healing assay and flow cytometry assay. RESULTS BAG3 was highly expressed in drug-resistant cells Fu97R and Snu16R. BAG3 was also associated with sensitivity of Snu16 cells to BGJ398, promoting migration but inhibiting apoptosis. However, knockdown of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) suppressed BAG3 expression and lowered the sensitivity to BGJ398 in Snu16R cells. Knockdown of BAG3 inhibited tumor growth and cell apoptosis but induced cell apoptosis and amplified the sensitivity to BGJ398 in Snu16R cells, followed by enhancing BGJ398-induced antitumor function in a Snu16R-derived xenograft mouse model. CONCLUSION The mechanism of resistance to BGJ398 in GC is mediated by BAG3/HSF1, and combined treatment with shBAG3 could improve the efficacy of BGJ398 in GC. Thus, BAG3-targeted therapy improves the antitumor efficacy of BGJ398, which might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6 Panxi Qizhi Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Xiang Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6 Panxi Qizhi Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Guangjing Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6 Panxi Qizhi Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400000, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6 Panxi Qizhi Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400000, China
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7
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Linder B, Klein C, Hoffmann ME, Bonn F, Dikic I, Kögel D. BAG3 is a negative regulator of ciliogenesis in glioblastoma and triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:77-90. [PMID: 34180073 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
By regulating several hallmarks of cancer, BAG3 exerts oncogenic functions in a wide variety of malignant diseases including glioblastoma (GBM) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here we performed global proteomic/phosphoproteomic analyses of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated isogenic BAG3 knockouts of the two GBM lines U343 and U251 in comparison to parental controls. Depletion of BAG3 evoked major effects on proteins involved in ciliogenesis/ciliary function and the activity of the related kinases aurora-kinase A and CDK1. Cilia formation was significantly enhanced in BAG3 KO cells, a finding that could be confirmed in BAG3-deficient versus -proficient BT-549 TNBC cells, thus identifying a completely novel function of BAG3 as a negative regulator of ciliogenesis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that enhanced ciliogenesis and reduced expression of SNAI1 and ZEB1, two key transcription factors regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) are correlated to decreased cell migration, both in the GBM and TNBC BAG3 knockout cells. Our data obtained in two different tumor entities identify suppression of EMT and ciliogenesis as putative synergizing mechanisms of BAG3-driven tumor aggressiveness in therapy-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Linder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Caterina Klein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marina E Hoffmann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Bonn
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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De Marco M, Falco A, Iaccarino R, Raffone A, Mollo A, Guida M, Rosati A, Chetta M, Genovese G, De Caro F, Capunzo M, Turco MC, Uversky VN, Marzullo L. An emerging role for BAG3 in gynaecological malignancies. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:789-797. [PMID: 34099896 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BAG3, a member of the BAG family of co-chaperones, is a multidomain protein with a role in several cellular processes, including the control of apoptosis, autophagy and cytoskeletal dynamics. The expression of bag3 is negligible in most cells but can be induced by stress stimuli or malignant transformation. In some tumours, BAG3 has been reported to promote cell survival and resistance to therapy. The expression of BAG3 has been documented in ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancers, and studies have revealed biochemical and functional connections of BAG3 with proteins involved in the survival, invasion and resistance to therapy of these malignancies. BAG3 expression has also been shown to correlate with the grade of dysplasia in squamous intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix. Some aspects of BAG3 activity, such as its biochemical and functional interaction with the human papillomavirus proteins, could help in our understanding of the mechanisms of oncogenesis induced by the virus. This review aims to highlight the potential value of BAG3 studies in the field of gynaecological tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot De Marco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.,BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., R&D Division, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Antonia Falco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.,BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., R&D Division, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Roberta Iaccarino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Antonio Raffone
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Mollo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Maurizio Guida
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rosati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.,BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., R&D Division, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Genovese
- University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco De Caro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Turco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy. .,BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., R&D Division, Baronissi, SA, Italy.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Liberato Marzullo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.,BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., R&D Division, Baronissi, SA, Italy
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9
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Yuan CS, Deng ZW, Qin D, Mu YZ, Chen XG, Liu Y. Hypoxia-modulatory nanomaterials to relieve tumor hypoxic microenvironment and enhance immunotherapy: Where do we stand? Acta Biomater 2021; 125:1-28. [PMID: 33639310 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past several years have witnessed the blooming of emerging immunotherapy, as well as their therapeutic potential in remodeling the immune system. Nevertheless, with the development of biological mechanisms in oncology, it has been demonstrated that hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) seriously impairs the therapeutic outcomes of immunotherapy. Hypoxia, caused by Warburg effect and insufficient oxygen delivery, has been considered as a primary construction element of TME and drawn tremendous attention in cancer therapy. Multiple hypoxia-modulatory theranostic agents have been facing many obstacles and challenges while offering initial therapeutic effect. Inspired by versatile nanomaterials, great efforts have been devoted to design hypoxia-based nanoplatforms to preserve drug activity, reduce systemic toxicity, provide adequate oxygenation, and eventually ameliorate hypoxic-tumor management. Besides these, recently, some curative and innovative hypoxia-related nanoplatforms have been applied in synergistic immunotherapy, especially in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), immunomodulatory therapeutics, cancer vaccine therapy and immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect. Herein, the paramount impact of hypoxia on tumor immune escape was initially described and discussed, followed by a comprehensive overview on the design tactics of multimodal nanoplatforms based on hypoxia-enabled theranostic agents. A variety of nanocarriers for relieving tumor hypoxic microenvironment were also summarized. On this basis, we presented the latest progress in the use of hypoxia-modulatory nanomaterials for synergistic immunotherapy and highlighted current challenges and plausible promises in this area in the near future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer immunotherapy, emerging as a novel treatment to eradicate malignant tumors, has achieved a measure of success in clinical popularity and transition. However, over the last decades, hypoxia-induced tumor immune escape has attracted enormous attention in cancer treatment. Limitations of free targeting agents have paved the path for the development of multiple nanomaterials with the hope of boosting immunotherapy. In this review, the innovative design tactics and multifunctional nanocarriers for hypoxia alleviation are summarized, and the smart nanomaterial-assisted hypoxia-modulatory therapeutics for synergistic immunotherapy and versatile biomedical applications are especially highlighted. In addition, the challenges and prospects of clinical transformation are further discussed.
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10
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Li J, Tan J, Song Z. Bcl-2 Associated Athanogene 2 (BAG2) is Associated With Progression and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Bioinformatics-Based Analysis. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:594649. [PMID: 34257542 PMCID: PMC8262200 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.594649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Bcl-2 associated athanogene2 (BAG2) is reported to act as an oncogene or a tumor-suppressor in tumors in a context-dependent way; however, its function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, apoptotic assay, cell invasion assay and a set of bioinformatics tools were integrated to analyze the role of BAG2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Results: BAG2 was significantly up-regulated in HCC. Prognostic analysis indicated that HCC patients with high expression of BAG2 had significantly shorter overall survival, progression free survival and disease specific survival. Besides, silencing BAG2 in HCC cells impaired cell proliferation, facilitated apoptosis and repressed invasion of the cells. Bioinformatics analysis showed that BAG2 might regulate ribosome biogenesis in HCC. Conclusion: This study revealed that the up-regulated BAG2 in HCC was associated with a worse prognosis and might favor the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junjun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Tan
- Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zewen Song
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Wang K, Zheng J. Knockdown of BAG3 synergizes with olaparib to kill ovarian cancer cells via repressing autophagy. J Investig Med 2020; 69:jim-2020-001602. [PMID: 33361105 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at expounding the synergistic effect of Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) knockdown and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor on ovarian cancer (OC) cells and the potential mechanism. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting BAG3 (sh-BAG3) was transfected into SK-OV-3 (SKOV-3 ;SKOV3) and A2780 cells, and western blot assay was used to detect transfection efficiency. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by the cell counting kit-8 method, 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) experiment and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2, as well as the expressions of autophagy-related proteins LC3-I, LC3-II and Beclin-1, were examined by western blot assay. Additionally, the cells were treated with autophagy activator rapamycin to investigate whether the tumor-suppressive function of BAG3 knockdown+PARP inhibitor was dependent on autophagy. In this work, we demonstrated that BAG3 knockdown further sensitized OC cells to olaparib treatment, reducing cellular viability and promoting apoptosis. Both sh-BAG3 and olaparib decreased the expression of Beclin-1 and the LC3-Ⅱ:LC3-I ratio, and their synergism further inhibited the process of autophagy. However, the aforementionede effects were reversed after the cells were treated with rapamycin. Based on these results, we concluded that BAG3 knockdown synergizes with olaparib to kill OC cells in vitro by repressing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianhua Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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12
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Liu Q, Shi Z, Liu X, Xiao H. Correlation between the coexpression of zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing protein 31 and transcriptional activator with PDZ-binding motif and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1308. [PMID: 33209888 PMCID: PMC7661889 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ) regulates multiple biological processes and has been found to be related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, common signaling pathways downstream after TAZ knockdown may also be important. Methods TAZ was knocked down in an HCC cell line, and its potential target genes were analyzed. A decrease in the expression of zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing protein 31 (ZSCAN31) was observed. The difference in ZSCAN31 expression was evaluated, and its effect on survival in HCC patients who received surgical resection was determined. Results ZSCAN31 was over-expressed in HCC tissues and was associated with low overall survival (OS) in HCC patients after surgical resection. Analysis of tissue samples from 83 HCC patients who underwent surgical resection in our hospital produced similar results. High ZSCAN31 expression was significantly associated with tumor size. High expression levels of both TAZ and ZSCAN31 were related to poor OS. A positive correlation was identified between ZSCAN31 expression and TAZ expression, and the protein binding of ZSCAN31 and TAZ was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay using an HCC cell line. Conclusions ZSCAN31 is associated with TAZ expression in HCC cells, and the targeting of ZSCAN31 and TAZ may represent a novel therapeutic approach in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengrong Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiongwei Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, North-Kuanren General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Heng Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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At the Crossroads of Apoptosis and Autophagy: Multiple Roles of the Co-Chaperone BAG3 in Stress and Therapy Resistance of Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030574. [PMID: 32121220 PMCID: PMC7140512 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BAG3, a multifunctional HSP70 co-chaperone and anti-apoptotic protein that interacts with the ATPase domain of HSP70 through its C-terminal BAG domain plays a key physiological role in cellular proteostasis. The HSP70/BAG3 complex determines the levels of a large number of selective client proteins by regulating their turnover via the two major protein degradation pathways, i.e. proteasomal degradation and macroautophagy. On the one hand, BAG3 competes with BAG1 for binding to HSP70, thereby preventing the proteasomal degradation of its client proteins. By functionally interacting with HSP70 and LC3, BAG3 also delivers polyubiquitinated proteins to the autophagy pathway. BAG3 exerts a number of key physiological functions, including an involvement in cellular stress responses, proteostasis, cell death regulation, development, and cytoskeletal dynamics. Conversely, aberrant BAG3 function/expression has pathophysiological relevance correlated to cardiomyopathies, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Evidence obtained in recent years underscores the fact that BAG3 drives several key hallmarks of cancer, including cell adhesion, metastasis, angiogenesis, enhanced autophagic activity, and apoptosis inhibition. This review provides a state-of-the-art overview on the role of BAG3 in stress and therapy resistance of cancer, with a particular focus on BAG3-dependent modulation of apoptotic signaling and autophagic/lysosomal activity.
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14
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Sun W, He B, Yang B, Hu W, Cheng S, Xiao H, Yang Z, Wen X, Zhou L, Xie H, Shen X, Wu J, Zheng S. Genome-wide CRISPR screen reveals SGOL1 as a druggable target of sorafenib-treated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2018; 98:734-744. [PMID: 29467456 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) screen is a powerful tool used to identify therapeutic targets that can be harnessed for cancer treatment. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of genome-wide CRISPR screening to identify druggable genes associated with sorafenib-treated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A genome-scale CRISPR knockout (GeCKO v2) library containing 123,411 single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) was used to identify loss-of-function mutations conferring sorafenib resistance upon HCC cells. Resistance gene screens identified SGOL1 as an indicator of prognosis of patients treated with sorafenib. Of the 19,050 genes tested, the knockout screen identified inhibition of SGOL1 expression as the most-effective genetic suppressor of sorafenib activity. Analysis of the survival of 210 patients with HCC after hepatic resection revealed that high SGOL1 expression shortened overall survival (P = 0.021). Further, matched pairs analysis of the TCGA database revealed that SGOL1 is differentially expressed. When we used a lentivirus Cas9 vector to determine the effect of targeting SGOL1 with a specific sgRNA in HCC cells, we found that SGOL1 expression was efficiently inhibited and that loss of SGOL1 was associated with sorafenib resistance. Further, loss of SGOL1 from HCC cell decreased the cytotoxicity of sorafenib in vivo. We conclude that the CRISPR screen is a powerful tool for therapeutic target analysis of sorafenib treatment and that SGOL1 serves as a druggable target for HCC treated with sorafenib and an indicator of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Sun
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Bin He
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Beng Yang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Wendi Hu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shaobing Cheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Heng Xiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhengjie Yang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xian Shen
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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15
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Tong R, Yang B, Xiao H, Peng C, Hu W, Weng X, Cheng S, Du C, Lv Z, Ding C, Zhou L, Xie H, Wu J, Zheng S. KCTD11 inhibits growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through activating Hippo signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37717-37729. [PMID: 28465479 PMCID: PMC5514943 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A lack of effective prognostic biomarkers and molecular targets is a serious problem in hepatocellular carcinoma. KCTD11, reported as a tumor suppressor, are still not well understood. In this study, KCTD11 was found low-expressed in HCC tissues and cell lines. The HCC patients with low expression of KCTD11 suggested shorter overall survival. We found KCTD11 inhibiting cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, by activating p21 and repressing cycle related proteins. KCTD11 also inhibited cell adhesion by decreasing CTGF and CLDN1. We found CTGF binding COL3A1 in HCCLM3, which might lead to reduction of COL3A1 expression. KCTD11 also inhibited cell migration and invasion in HCC, by repressing MMPs and EMT. We found the tumor suppression function of KCTD11 was at least partly through activating Hippo pathway in HCC. Base on the enhanced Hippo pathway, KCTD11 could activate p21 by stabilizing p53 or promoting the MST1/ GSK3β/p21 signaling in HCC. Overall, these results suggest that KCTD11 works as a tumor suppressor and owns prognostic and therapeutic potentials in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongliang Tong
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Beng Yang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Heng Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chuanhui Peng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Wendi Hu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Weng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Shaobing Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Chengli Du
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zhen Lv
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Chaofeng Ding
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310000, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310000, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310000, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
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16
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Delineating the HMGB1 and HMGB2 interactome in prostate and ovary epithelial cells and its relationship with cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19050-19064. [PMID: 29721183 PMCID: PMC5922377 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High Mobility Group B (HMGB) proteins are involved in cancer progression and in cellular responses to platinum compounds used in the chemotherapy of prostate and ovary cancer. Here we use affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) and yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening to carry out an exhaustive study of HMGB1 and HMGB2 protein interactions in the context of prostate and ovary epithelia. We present a proteomic study of HMGB1 partners based on immunoprecipitation of HMGB1 from a non-cancerous prostate epithelial cell line. In addition, HMGB1 and HMGB2 were used as baits in yeast two-hybrid screening of libraries from prostate and ovary epithelial cell lines as well as from healthy ovary tissue. HMGB1 interacts with many nuclear proteins that control gene expression, but also with proteins that form part of the cytoskeleton, cell-adhesion structures and others involved in intracellular protein translocation, cellular migration, secretion, apoptosis and cell survival. HMGB2 interacts with proteins involved in apoptosis, cell motility and cellular proliferation. High confidence interactors, based on repeated identification in different cell types or in both MS and Y2H approaches, are discussed in relation to cancer. This study represents a useful resource for detailed investigation of the role of HMGB1 in cancer of epithelial origins, as well as potential alternative avenues of therapeutic intervention.
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17
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Shields S, Conroy E, O'Grady T, McGoldrick A, Connor K, Ward MP, Useckaite Z, Dempsey E, Reilly R, Fan Y, Chubb A, Matallanas DG, Kay EW, O'Connor D, McCann A, Gallagher WM, Coppinger JA. BAG3 promotes tumour cell proliferation by regulating EGFR signal transduction pathways in triple negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15673-15690. [PMID: 29644001 PMCID: PMC5884656 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), is a heterogeneous disease characterised by absence of expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and lack of amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). TNBC patients can exhibit poor prognosis and high recurrence stages despite early response to chemotherapy treatment. In this study, we identified a pro-survival signalling protein BCL2- associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) to be highly expressed in a subset of TNBC cell lines and tumour tissues. High mRNA expression of BAG3 in TNBC patient cohorts significantly associated with a lower recurrence free survival. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is amplified in TNBC and EGFR signalling dynamics impinge on cancer cell survival and disease recurrence. We found a correlation between BAG3 and EGFR expression in TNBC cell lines and determined that BAG3 can regulate tumour cell proliferation, migration and invasion in EGFR expressing TNBC cells lines. We identified an interaction between BAG3 and components of the EGFR signalling networks using mass spectrometry. Furthermore, BAG3 contributed to regulation of proliferation in TNBC cell lines by reducing the activation of components of the PI3K/AKT and FAK/Src signalling subnetworks. Finally, we found that combined targeting of BAG3 and EGFR was more effective than inhibition of EGFR with Cetuximab alone in TNBC cell lines. This study demonstrates a role for BAG3 in regulation of distinct EGFR modules and highlights the potential of BAG3 as a therapeutic target in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Shields
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Emer Conroy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tony O'Grady
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Alo McGoldrick
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kate Connor
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mark P Ward
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Eugene Dempsey
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Reilly
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Yue Fan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Anthony Chubb
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David Gomez Matallanas
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Systems Biology Ireland, University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Elaine W Kay
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | - Amanda McCann
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - William M Gallagher
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Judith A Coppinger
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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18
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Das CK, Linder B, Bonn F, Rothweiler F, Dikic I, Michaelis M, Cinatl J, Mandal M, Kögel D. BAG3 Overexpression and Cytoprotective Autophagy Mediate Apoptosis Resistance in Chemoresistant Breast Cancer Cells. Neoplasia 2018; 20:263-279. [PMID: 29462756 PMCID: PMC5852393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Target-specific treatment modalities are currently not available for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and acquired chemotherapy resistance is a primary obstacle for the treatment of these tumors. Here we employed derivatives of BT-549 and MDA-MB-468 TNBC cell lines that were adapted to grow in the presence of either 5-Fluorouracil, Doxorubicin or Docetaxel in an aim to identify molecular pathways involved in the adaptation to drug-induced cell killing. All six drug-adapted BT-549 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines displayed cross resistance to chemotherapy and decreased apoptosis sensitivity. Expression of the anti-apoptotic co-chaperone BAG3 was notably enhanced in two thirds (4/6) of the six resistant lines simultaneously with higher expression of HSP70 in comparison to parental controls. Doxorubicin-resistant BT-549 (BT-549rDOX20) and 5-Fluorouracil-resistant MDA-MB-468 (MDA-MB-468r5-FU2000) cells were chosen for further analysis with the autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 and lentiviral depletion of ATG5, indicating that enhanced cytoprotective autophagy partially contributes to increased drug resistance and cell survival. Stable lentiviral BAG3 depletion was associated with a robust down-regulation of Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, restoration of drug-induced apoptosis and reduced cell adhesion in these cells, and these death-sensitizing effects could be mimicked with the BAG3/Hsp70 interaction inhibitor YM-1 and by KRIBB11, a selective transcriptional inhibitor of HSF-1. Furthermore, BAG3 depletion was able to revert the EMT-like transcriptional changes observed in BT-549rDOX20 and MDA-MB-468r5-FU2000 cells. In summary, genetic and pharmacological interference with BAG3 is capable to resensitize TNBC cells to treatment, underscoring its relevance for cell death resistance and as a target to overcome therapy resistance of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kanta Das
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Benedikt Linder
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Bonn
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Rothweiler
- Institute for Medical Virology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Michaelis
- Institute for Medical Virology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; School of Biosciences, The University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute for Medical Virology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany.
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19
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Xiao H, Zhou B, Jiang N, Cai Y, Liu X, Shi Z, Li M, Du C. The potential value of CDV3 in the prognosis evaluation in Hepatocellular carcinoma. Genes Dis 2018; 5:167-171. [PMID: 30258946 PMCID: PMC6147043 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CDV3 is correlated with tumorigenesis and may affect some biological process in cancer. In this study, we explore the role of CDV3 in HCC. According to the TCGA data base, CDV3 is over-expressed in HCC tissues. Up-regulation of CDV3 is correlated with lower over-all survival rate in HCC patients. In HCC samples from our hospital, CDV3 is also enriched in cancer tissues and CDV3 expression associated with HCC pathological T stage. What is more, higher CDV3 expression could forecast poor survival rate in HCC patients. In conclusion, CDV3 is a biomarker of HCC and could be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyong Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunshi Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongwei Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyou Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
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20
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Im CN, Yun HH, Song B, Youn DY, Cui MN, Kim HS, Park GS, Lee JH. BIS-mediated STAT3 stabilization regulates glioblastoma stem cell-like phenotypes. Oncotarget 2018; 7:35056-70. [PMID: 27145367 PMCID: PMC5085209 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are a subpopulation of highly tumorigenic and stem-like cells that are responsible for resistance to conventional therapy. Bcl-2-intreacting cell death suppressor (BIS; also known as BAG3) is an anti-apoptotic protein that is highly expressed in human cancers with various origins, including glioblastoma. In the present study, to investigate the role of BIS in GSC subpopulation, we examined the expression profile of BIS in A172 and U87-MG glioblastoma cell lines under specific in vitro culture conditions that enrich GSC-like cells in spheres. Both BIS mRNA and protein levels significantly increased under the sphere-forming condition as compared with standard culture conditions. BIS depletion resulted in notable decreases in sphere-forming activity and was accompanied with decreases in SOX-2 expression. The expression of STAT3, a master regulator of stemness, also decreased following BIS depletion concomitant with decreases in the nuclear levels of active phosphorylated STAT3, while ectopic STAT3 overexpression resulted in recovery of sphere-forming activity in BIS-knockdown glioblastoma cells. Additionally, immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy revealed that BIS physically interacts with STAT3. Furthermore, BIS depletion increased STAT3 ubiquitination, suggesting that BIS is necessary for STAT3 stabilization in GSC-like cells. BIS depletion also affected epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related genes as evidenced by decrease in SNAIL and MMP-2 expression and increase in E-cadherin expression in GSC-like cells. Our findings suggest that high levels of BIS expression might confer stem-cell-like properties on cancer cells through STAT3 stabilization, indicating that BIS is a potential target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Nim Im
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Hyeon Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byunghoo Song
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Ye Youn
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mei Nu Cui
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Sug Kim
- NGS Clinical Department, Macrogen Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeong Sin Park
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Flum M, Kleemann M, Schneider H, Weis B, Fischer S, Handrick R, Otte K. miR-217-5p induces apoptosis by directly targeting PRKCI, BAG3, ITGAV and MAPK1 in colorectal cancer cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 12:451-466. [PMID: 28905214 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a genetically directed process of programmed cell death. A variety of microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous single-stranded non-coding RNAs of about 22 nucleotides in length have been shown to be involved in the regulation of the intrinsic or extrinsic apoptotic pathways. There is increasing evidence that the aberrant expression of miRNAs plays a causal role in the development of diseases such as cancer. This makes miRNAs promising candidate molecules as therapeutic targets or agents. MicroRNA (miR)-217-5p has been implicated in carcinogenesis of various cancer entities, including colorectal cancer. Here, we analyzed the pro-apoptotic potential of miR-217-5p in a variety of colorecatal cancer cell lines showing that miR-217-5p mimic transfection led to the induction of apoptosis causing the breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential, externalization of phosphatidylserine, activation of caspases and fragmentation of DNA. Furthermore, elevated miR-217-5p levels downregulated mRNA and protein expression of atypical protein kinase c iota type I (PRKCI), BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 3 (BAG3), integrin subunit alpha v (ITGAV) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1). A direct miR-217-5p mediated regulation to those targets was shown by repressed luciferase activity of reporter constructs containing the miR-217-5p binding sites in the 3' untranslated region. Taken together, our observations have uncovered the apoptosis-inducing potential of miR-217-5p through its regulation of multiple target genes involved in the ERK-MAPK signaling pathway by regulation of PRKCI, BAG3, ITGAV and MAPK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Flum
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89079, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Kleemann
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany.
| | - Helga Schneider
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weis
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Cell Culture Development CMB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - René Handrick
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
| | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
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22
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Role of BAG3 in cancer progression: A therapeutic opportunity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 78:85-92. [PMID: 28864347 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BAG3 is a multifunctional protein that can bind to heat shock proteins (Hsp) 70 through its BAG domain and to other partners through its WW domain, proline-rich (PXXP) repeat and IPV (Ile-Pro-Val) motifs. Its intracellular expression can be induced by stressful stimuli, while is constitutive in skeletal muscle, cardiac myocytes and several tumour types. BAG3 can modulate the levels, localisation or activity of its partner proteins, thereby regulating major cell pathways and functions, including apoptosis, autophagy, mechanotransduction, cytoskeleton organisation, motility. A secreted form of BAG3 has been identified in studies on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Secreted BAG3 can bind to a specific receptor, IFITM2, expressed on macrophages, and induce the release of factors that sustain tumour growth and the metastatic process. BAG3 neutralisation therefore appears to constitute a novel potential strategy in the therapy of PDAC and, possibly, other tumours.
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23
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Wu K, Hu M, Chen Z, Xiang F, Chen G, Yan W, Peng Q, Chen X. Asiatic acid enhances survival of human AC16 cardiomyocytes under hypoxia by upregulating miR-1290. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:660-667. [PMID: 28686797 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) could attenuate ischemia/reperfusion induced myocardial apoptosis through upregulating the Akt/GSK-3β/HIF-1α pathway. HIF-3α is a negative regulator of HIF-1α, whose mRNA is a potential target of miR-1290. AA could upregulate miR-1290 in non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells. This work aimed to investigate whether AA could inhibit hypoxia induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through regulating the miR-1290/HIF3A/HIF-1α axis. The AC16 human myocardial cell line cultured under normoxic or hypoxic conditions was treated with various doses of AA for 24 h. Afterwards cell viability, apoptosis and the expression of miR-1290, HIF3A, and HIF1A were evaluated. Cells transfected with miR-1290 mimic or inhibitor were used to determine the role of miR-1290 in the anti-apoptosis effect of AA and the expression of HIF3A and HIF1A. Dual luciferase assay was performed to confirm miR-1290 targeting of HIF3A. HIF3A overexpression was achieved by transfection of HIF3A1 overexpressing lentivirus, and its effect on miR-1290 and AA-regulated survival of cardiomyocytes was evaluated. AA treatment protected cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-induced apoptosis and upregulated miR-1290 and HIF1A, but downregulated HIF3A under hypoxia. The protective effect of AA was abolished by miR-1290 knockdown, whereas enhanced by miR-1290 overexpression. In addition, miR-1290 knockdown increased HIF1A expression, but reduced HIF3A expression in cardiomyocytes. Dual luciferase assay confirmed miR-1290 direct targeting the 3' UTR of HIF3A. HIF3A overexpression counteracted the anti-apoptosis effect of AA or miR-1290. In conclusion, AA can protect cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced apoptosis through regulating the miR-1290/HIF3A/HIF-1α axis, and miR-1290 may be a potential target in the prevention of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(9):660-667, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Health Management, 903 Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Health Management, 903 Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Zejin Chen
- Department of Health Management, 903 Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Feixiang Xiang
- Department of Health Management, 903 Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Guojian Chen
- Department of Health Management, 903 Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Weihong Yan
- Department of Health Management, 903 Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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24
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Stürner E, Behl C. The Role of the Multifunctional BAG3 Protein in Cellular Protein Quality Control and in Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:177. [PMID: 28680391 PMCID: PMC5478690 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In neurons, but also in all other cells the complex proteostasis network is monitored and tightly regulated by the cellular protein quality control (PQC) system. Beyond folding of newly synthesized polypeptides and their refolding upon misfolding the PQC also manages the disposal of aberrant proteins either by the ubiquitin-proteasome machinery or by the autophagic-lysosomal system. Aggregated proteins are primarily degraded by a process termed selective macroautophagy (or aggrephagy). One such recently discovered selective macroautophagy pathway is mediated by the multifunctional HSP70 co-chaperone BAG3 (BCL-2-associated athanogene 3). Under acute stress and during cellular aging, BAG3 in concert with the molecular chaperones HSP70 and HSPB8 as well as the ubiquitin receptor p62/SQSTM1 specifically targets aggregation-prone proteins to autophagic degradation. Thereby, BAG3-mediated selective macroautophagy represents a pivotal adaptive safeguarding and emergency system of the PQC which is activated under pathophysiological conditions to ensure cellular proteostasis. Interestingly, BAG3-mediated selective macroautophagy is also involved in the clearance of aggregated proteins associated with age-related neurodegenerative disorders, like Alzheimer’s disease (tau-protein), Huntington’s disease (mutated huntingtin/polyQ proteins), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (mutated SOD1). In addition, based on its initial description BAG3 is an anti-apoptotic protein that plays a decisive role in other widespread diseases, including cancer and myopathies. Therefore, in the search for novel therapeutic intervention avenues in neurodegeneration, myopathies and cancer BAG3 is a promising candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Stürner
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz, Germany
| | - Christian Behl
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz, Germany
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25
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Kong DH, Li S, Du ZX, Liu C, Liu BQ, Li C, Zong ZH, Wang HQ. BAG3 elevation inhibits cell proliferation via direct interaction with G6PD in hepatocellular carcinomas. Oncotarget 2016; 7:700-11. [PMID: 26621836 PMCID: PMC4808027 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) contains multiple protein-binding motifs to mediate potential interactions with chaperons and/or other proteins, which is possibly ascribed to the multifaceted functions assigned to BAG3. The current study demonstrated that BAG3 directly interacted with glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). BAG3 suppressed the PPP flux, de novo DNA synthesis and cell growth in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). The growth defect of HCCs with forced BAG3 expression can be rescued by enforced G6PD expression. However, BAG3 elevation did not cause a reduction in cellular NADPH concentrations, another main product of G6PD. In addition, supplement of nucleosides alone was sufficient to recover the growth defect mediated by BAG3 elevation. Collectively, the current study established a tumor suppressor-like function of BAG3 via direct interaction with G6PD in HCCs at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Hui Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Si Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen-Xian Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bao-Qin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua-Qin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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26
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Xiao H, Tong R, Yang B, Lv Z, Du C, Peng C, Ding C, Cheng S, Zhou L, Xie H, Wu J, Zheng S. TAZ regulates cell proliferation and sensitivity to vitamin D3 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 381:370-9. [PMID: 27554639 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ) is reported as one of the nuclear effectors of Hippo-related pathways. TAZ is found overexpressed in many primary tumors and could regulate many biological processes. However, little is known about the role of TAZ in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). In this study, we found that TAZ is expressed more in ICC tissues than in peritumoral tissue, and a robust expression of TAZ is correlated with a lower overall survival rate of ICC patients after hepatectomy. TAZ knockdown results in an increase in cell apoptosis, a promotion of cell-cycle arrest and a decrease in tumor size and weight in vivo through an increased expression of p53. Vitamin D3 can also inhibit cell proliferation by promoting p53 expression in ICC cells. A reduction in TAZ can also enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to vitamin D by regulating the p53/CYP24A1 pathway. In conclusion, TAZ is associated with the proliferation and drug-resistance of ICC cells, and could be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongliang Tong
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beng Yang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Lv
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengli Du
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanhui Peng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaofeng Ding
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaobing Cheng
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.
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27
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Yang D, Zhou J, Wang H, Wang Y, Yang G, Zhang Y. High expression of BAG3 predicts a poor prognosis in human medulloblastoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13215-13224. [PMID: 27456361 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), a co-chaperone of the heat shock protein (Hsp) 70, regulates various physiological and pathological processes. However, its role in human medulloblastoma has not been clarified. First of all, the expression of BAG3 was examined in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens by immunohistochemical staining. And then, the prognostic role of BAG3 was analyzed in 51 medulloblastoma samples. Finally, the roles of BAG3 in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of Daoy medulloblastoma cell were investigated using a specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The expression of BAG3 in medulloblastoma tissues was higher than nontumorous samples. Furthermore, BAG3 overexpression significantly correlated with poor prognosis of patients with medulloblastoma. The overall survival and tumor-free survival in patients with BAG3 low expression were higher than high expression. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that BAG3 overexpression was an independent prognostic marker for medulloblastoma. After the BAG3 knockdown, the Daoy cells exhibited decreased the ability to proliferate and form neurosphere. The preliminary mechanism study showed that overexpression of BAG3 might facilitate the cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase by modulating the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and cyclin E expression. Additionally, we found that BAG3 might enhance the medulloblastoma cell migratory and invasive ability. In summary, BAG3 overexpression may regulate the survival and invasive properties of medulloblastoma and may serve as a potential therapy target for medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Rocket Force General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rocket Force General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100088, China.,Department of Healthy Management, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China.,Department of Healthy Management, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Rocket Force General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Rocket Force General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Yundong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Rocket Force General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100088, China.
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28
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Vedagiri D, Lashkari HV, Mangani AS, Kumar JM, Jose J, Thatipalli AR, Harshan KH. An Atypical System for Studying Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26282. [PMID: 27197891 PMCID: PMC4873837 DOI: 10.1038/srep26282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastases are frequently detected in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is believed to drive metastasis. There are not many well-established model systems to study EMT in HCC. Here we identified an atypical EMT while characterizing a population of mesenchymal cells in Huh7.5 hepatoma cell cultures. Cells with distinct morphology appeared during geneticin treatment of Huh7.5 cultures. Molecular characterization of geneticin resistant Huh7.5M cells confirmed EMT. Huh7.5M cells expressed cancer stem cell markers. p38MAPK and ERK1/2 were substantially activated in Huh7.5M cells. Their Inhibition elevated E-Cadherin expression with concerted suppression of Vimentin and anchorage independent growth in Huh7.5M cells. TGFβ could not induce EMT in Huh7.5 cultures, but enriched mesenchymal populations, similar to geneticin. Huh7.5M cells formed more aggressive solid tumors, primarily comprising cells with epithelial morphology, in nude mice. Canonical EMT-TFs did not participate in this atypical EMT, indicating that the established canonical EMT-TFs do not drive every EMT and there is a dire need to identify additional factors. The system that we characterized is a unique model to study EMT, MET and biphasic TGFβ signaling in HCC and offers considerable potential to facilitate more insightful studies on deeper questions in tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiviya Vedagiri
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | | | | | | | - Jedy Jose
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007 India
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29
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Knezevic T, Myers VD, Gordon J, Tilley DG, Sharp TE, Wang J, Khalili K, Cheung JY, Feldman AM. BAG3: a new player in the heart failure paradigm. Heart Fail Rev 2016; 20:423-34. [PMID: 25925243 PMCID: PMC4463985 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-015-9487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BAG3 is a cellular protein that is expressed predominantly in skeletal and cardiac muscle but can also be found in the brain and in the peripheral nervous system. BAG3 functions in the cell include: serving as a co-chaperone with members of the heat-shock protein family of proteins to facilitate the removal of misfolded and degraded proteins, inhibiting apoptosis by interacting with Bcl2 and maintaining the structural integrity of the Z-disk in muscle by binding with CapZ. The importance of BAG3 in the homeostasis of myocytes and its role in the development of heart failure was evidenced by the finding that single allelic mutations in BAG3 were associated with familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, significant decreases in the level of BAG3 have been found in end-stage failing human heart and in animal models of heart failure including mice with heart failure secondary to trans-aortic banding and in pigs after myocardial infarction. Thus, it becomes relevant to understand the cellular biology and molecular regulation of BAG3 expression in order to design new therapies for the treatment of patients with both hereditary and non-hereditary forms of dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Knezevic
- />Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Suite 1150, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Valerie D. Myers
- />Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Suite 1150, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- />Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Suite 1150, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Douglas G. Tilley
- />Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Suite 1150, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Thomas E. Sharp
- />Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Suite 1150, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - JuFang Wang
- />Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Suite 1150, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Kamel Khalili
- />Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Suite 1150, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Joseph Y. Cheung
- />Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Suite 1150, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Arthur M. Feldman
- />Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Suite 1150, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
- />Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Suite 1150, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
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γ-H2AX promotes hepatocellular carcinoma angiogenesis via EGFR/HIF-1α/VEGF pathways under hypoxic condition. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2180-92. [PMID: 25537504 PMCID: PMC4385844 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly cancers. Using mRNA microarray analysis, we found that H2AX decreased under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia is an important physiological and pathological stress that induces H2AX phosphorylation (γ-H2AX), but the regulatory mechanism of γ-H2AX remains elusive in the progress of HCC. We report here that increased γ-H2AX expression in HCC is associated with tumor size, vascular invasion, TNM stage and reduced survival rate after liver transplantation (LT). γ-H2AX knockdown was able to effectively inhibit VEGF expression in vitro and tumorigenicity and angiogenesis of HCC in vivo. The mechanism of γ-H2AX on the angiogenic activity of HCC might go through EGFR/HIF-1α/VEGF pathways under hypoxic conditions. Combined γ-H2AX, HIF-1α and EGFR has better prognostic value for HCC after LT. This study suggests that γ-H2AX is associated with angiogenesis of HCC and γ-H2AX or a combination of γ-H2AX/EGFR/HIF-1α is a novel marker in the prognosis of HCC after LT and a potential therapeutic target.
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The anti-apoptotic BAG3 protein is expressed in lung carcinomas and regulates small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) tumor growth. Oncotarget 2015; 5:6846-53. [PMID: 25149536 PMCID: PMC4196167 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BAG3, member the HSP70 co-chaperones family, has been shown to play a relevant role in the survival, growth and invasiveness of different tumor types. In this study, we investigate the expression of BAG3 in 66 specimens from different lung tumors and the role of this protein in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumor growth. Normal lung tissue did not express BAG3 while we detected the expression of BAG3 by immunohistochemistry in all the 13 squamous cell carcinomas, 13 adenocarcinomas and 4 large cell carcinomas. Furthermore, we detected BAG3 expression in 22 of the 36 SCLCs analyzed. The role on SCLC cell survival was determined by down-regulating BAG3 levels in two human SCLC cell lines, i.e. H69 and H446, in vitro and measuring cisplatin induced apoptosis. Indeed down-regulation of BAG3 determines increased cell death and sensitizes cells to cisplatin treatment. The effect of BAG3 down-regulation on tumor growth was also investigated in an in vivo xenograft model by treating mice with an adenovirus expressing a specific bag3 siRNA. Treatment with bag3 siRNA-Ad significantly reduced tumor growth and improved animal survival. In conclusion we show that a subset of SCLCs over express BAG3 that exerts an anti-apoptotic effect resulting in resistance to chemotherapy.
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Emerging roles of exosomes during epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer progression. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 40:60-71. [PMID: 25721809 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly conserved process defined by the loss of epithelial characteristics, and acquisition of the mesenchymal phenotype. In addition to its central role in development, EMT has been implicated as a cellular process during tumourigenesis which facilitates tumour cell invasion and metastasis. The EMT process has been largely defined by signal transduction networks and transcriptional factors that activate mesenchymal-associated gene expression. Knowledge of secretome components that influence EMT including secreted proteins/peptides and membrane-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) (i.e., exosomes) has emerged. Here we review EV cargo associated with inducing the hallmarks of EMT and cancer progression, modulators of cell transformation, invasion/migration, angiogenesis, and components involved in establishing the metastatic niche.
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Xiao H, Jiang N, Zhou B, Liu Q, Du C. TAZ regulates cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:151-9. [PMID: 25495189 PMCID: PMC4399022 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ) has been reported to be one of the nuclear effectors of Hippo-related pathways. TAZ is expressed in many primary tumors and could regulate many biological processes. However, little is known about the role of TAZ in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the current study, we show that TAZ regulates cellular proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC. TAZ is overexpressed in HCC tissues and cell lines and upregulation of TAZ correlates with a lower overall survival rate of HCC patients after hepatic resection. TAZ knockdown results in inhibition of cancer cell proliferation through decreases in expression of stem cell markers (OCT4, Nanog, and SOX2). Reduction in HCC cell migration and invasion is also evident through reversal of EMT by increases E-cadherin expression, decreases in N-cadherin, vimentin, Snail, and Slug expression, and suppression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. In a xenograft tumorigenicity model, TAZ knockdown could effectively inhibit tumor growth and metastasis through reversal of the EMT pathway. In conclusion, TAZ is associated with the proliferation and invasiveness of HCC cells, and the TAZ gene may contribute to a novel therapeutic approach against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Guilbert SM, Varlet AA, Fuchs M, Lambert H, Landry J, Lavoie JN. Regulation of Actin-Based Structure Dynamics by HspB Proteins and Partners. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16077-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Yunoki T, Tabuchi Y, Hayashi A, Kondo T. BAG3 protects against hyperthermic stress by modulating NF-κB and ERK activities in human retinoblastoma cells. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 253:399-407. [PMID: 25471019 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE BCL2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), a co-chaperone of HSP70, is a cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic protein that acts against various stresses, including heat stress. Here, we examined the effect of BAG3 on the sensitivity of human retinoblastoma cells to hyperthermia (HT). METHODS We examined the effects of BAG3 knockdown on the sensitivity of Y79 and WERI-Rb-1cells to HT (44 °C, 1 h) by evaluating apoptosis and cell proliferation using western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), flow cytometry, and a WST-8 assay kit. Furthermore, we examined the effects of activating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) using western blotting and real time qPCR. RESULTS HT induced considerable apoptosis along with the activation of caspase-3 and chromatin condensation. The sensitivity of Y79 and WERI-Rb-1 cells to HT was significantly enhanced by BAG3 knockdown. Compared to HT alone, the combination of BAG3 knockdown and HT reduced phosphorylation of the inhibitors of kappa B α (IκBα) and p65, a subunit of NF-κB, and degraded IκB kinase γ (IKKγ) during the recovery period after HT. Furthermore, BAG3 knockdown increased the HT-induced phosphorylation of ERK after HT treatment, and the ERK inhibitor U0126 significantly improved the viability of the cells treated with a combination of BAG3 knockdown and HT. CONCLUSIONS The silencing of BAG3 seems to enhance the effects of HT, at least in part, by maintaining HT-induced inactivity of NF-κB and the phosphorylation of ERK. These findings indicate that BAG3 may be a potential molecular target for modifying the outcomes of HT in retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Yunoki
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan,
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BIS targeting induces cellular senescence through the regulation of 14-3-3 zeta/STAT3/SKP2/p27 in glioblastoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1537. [PMID: 25412315 PMCID: PMC4260756 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an important mechanism for preventing tumor progression. The elevated expression of Bcl-2-interacting cell death suppressor (BIS), an anti-apoptotic and anti-stress protein, often correlates with poor prognosis in several cancers including glioblastoma; however, the role of BIS in the regulation of senescence has not been well defined. Here, we describe for the first time that the depletion of BIS induces G1 arrest and cellular senescence through the accumulation of p27 that is independent of p53, p21 or p16. The increase in p27 expression in BIS-depleted cells was attributable to an impairment of the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p27, which was caused by a decrease in S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) at the transcriptional level. As an underlying molecular mechanism, we demonstrate that the loss of activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was specifically linked to the suppression of SKP2 expression. Despite a reduction in phospho-STAT3 levels, total STAT3 levels were unexpectedly increased by BIS depletion, specifically in the insoluble fraction. Our results show that 14-3-3ζ expression is decreased by BIS knockdown and that 14-3-3ζ depletion per se significantly induced senescence phenotypes. In addition, the ectopic expression of 14-3-3ζ blocked senescence caused by BIS depletion, which was paralleled with a decrease in insoluble STAT3 in A172 glioblastoma cells. These findings indicate that the impairment of the protein quality control conferred by BIS and/or 14-3-3ζ is critical for BIS depletion-induced senescence. Moreover, BIS knockdown also induced senescence along with an accumulation of total STAT3 and p27 in several different cell types as well as embryonic fibroblasts derived from Bis-knock out mice with/without variations in 14-3-3ζ levels. Therefore, our findings suggest that a downregulation of BIS expression could serve as a potential strategy for restricting tumor progression via an induction of senescence through the regulation of STAT3/SKP2/p27 pathway.
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Shenoy AK, Lu J. Cancer cells remodel themselves and vasculature to overcome the endothelial barrier. Cancer Lett 2014; 380:534-544. [PMID: 25449784 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to distant organs mostly via the bloodstream. During the metastatic process, cancer cells invade blood vessels to enter circulation, and later exit the vasculature at a distant site. Endothelial cells that line blood vessels normally serve as a barrier to the movement of cells into or out of the blood. It is thus critical to understand how metastatic cancer cells overcome the endothelial barrier. Epithelial cancer cells acquire increased motility and invasiveness through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which enables them to move toward vasculature. Cancer cells also express a variety of adhesion molecules that allow them to attach to vascular endothelium. Finally, cancer cells secrete or induce growth factors and cytokines to actively prompt vascular hyperpermeability that compromises endothelial barrier function and facilitates transmigration of cancer cells through the vascular wall. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying metastatic dissemination may help develop new anti-metastasis therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha K Shenoy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - Jianrong Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
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BAG3 and HIF-1 α coexpression detected by immunohistochemistry correlated with prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:516518. [PMID: 24895585 PMCID: PMC4034479 DOI: 10.1155/2014/516518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective. The objective is to determine the effects of BAG3 and HIF-1α expression on the prognosis of HCC patients after liver transplantation. Methods. Samples from 31 patients with HCC receiving liver transplantation were collected for this study. The immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of BAG3 and HIF-1α of HCC samples. Results. According to the immunohistochemistry results, BAG3 and HIF-1α staining were significantly associated with tumor TNM stage (P = 0.004, P = 0.012). A significant association between high BAG3/HIF-1α levels and a shorter overall survival was detected, so as the combined BAG3 and HIF-1α analysis. Conclusion. The results suggested that the expression level of BAG3 and HIF-1α is efficient prognostic parameters in patients with HCC after liver transplantation.
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