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Zhao J, Yue P, Mi N, Li M, Fu W, Zhang X, Gao L, Bai M, Tian L, Jiang N, Lu Y, Ma H, Dong C, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang J, Ren Y, Suzuki A, Wong PF, Tanaka K, Rerknimitr R, Junger HH, Cheung TT, Melloul E, Demartines N, Leung JW, Yao J, Yuan J, Lin Y, Schlitt HJ, Meng W. Biliary fibrosis is an important but neglected pathological feature in hepatobiliary disorders: from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:326-365. [PMID: 39135601 PMCID: PMC11317084 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis resulting from pathological repair secondary to recurrent or persistent tissue damage often leads to organ failure and mortality. Biliary fibrosis is a crucial but easily neglected pathological feature in hepatobiliary disorders, which may promote the development and progression of benign and malignant biliary diseases through pathological healing mechanisms secondary to biliary tract injuries. Elucidating the etiology and pathogenesis of biliary fibrosis is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of biliary diseases. In this review, we emphasized the importance of biliary fibrosis in cholangiopathies and summarized the clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and aberrant cellular composition involving the biliary ductules, cholangiocytes, immune system, fibroblasts, and the microbiome. We also focused on pivotal signaling pathways and offered insights into ongoing clinical trials and proposing a strategic approach for managing biliary fibrosis-related cholangiopathies. This review will offer a comprehensive perspective on biliary fibrosis and provide an important reference for future mechanism research and innovative therapy to prevent or reverse fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ping Yue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ningning Mi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Matu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenkang Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xianzhuo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Long Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mingzhen Bai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Liang Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ningzu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yawen Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haidong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chunlu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinduo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanxian Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Azumi Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Peng F. Wong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Kiyohito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rungsun Rerknimitr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Henrik H. Junger
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tan T. Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emmanuel Melloul
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demartines
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joseph W. Leung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis Medical Center and Sacramento VA Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jia Yao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Clinical Research Center, Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyan Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hans J. Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wenbo Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Singh VK, Rajak N, Singh Y, Singh AK, Giri R, Garg N. Role of MicroRNA-21 in Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastasis: Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:4795-4808. [PMID: 38758485 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The role of noncoding RNA has made remarkable progress in understanding progression, metastasis, and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). A better understanding of the miRNAs has enhanced our knowledge of their targeting mainly at the therapy level in solid tumors, such as prostate cancer (PCa). microRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of endogenous RNA that deficit encoded proteins. Therefore, the role of miRNAs has been well-coined in the progression and development of PCa. miR-21 has a dual nature in its work both as a tumor suppressor and oncogenic role, but most of the recent studies showed that miR-21 is a tumor promoter and also is involved in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Upregulation of miR-21 suppresses programmed cell death and inducing metastasis and castration resistant in PCa. miR-21 is involved in the different stages, such as proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion, and plays an important role in the progression, metastasis, and advanced stages of PCa. Recently, various studies directly linked the role of high levels of miR-21 with a poor therapeutic response in the patient of PCa. In the present review, we have explained the molecular mechanisms/pathways of miR-21 in PCa progression, metastasis, and castration resistant and summarized the role of miR-21 in diagnosis and therapeutic levels in PCa. In addition, we have spotlighted the recent therapeutic strategies for targeting different stages of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipendra Kumar Singh
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., DC, USA
| | - Naina Rajak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Yashasvi Singh
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- University Department of Botany Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India.
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3
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Xue X, Li Y, Yao Y, Zhang S, Peng C, Li Y. A comprehensive review of miR-21 in liver disease: Big impact of little things. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112116. [PMID: 38696909 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNA with 20-24 nucleotides, are defined as the powerful regulators for gene expression. miR-21 is a multifunctional miRNA enriched in the circulatory system and multiple organs, which not only serves as a non-invasive biomarker in disease diagnosis, but also participates in many cellular activities. In various chronic liver diseases, the increase of miR-21 affects glycolipid metabolism, viral infection, inflammatory and immune cell activation, hepatic stellate cells activation and tissue fibrosis, and autophagy. Moreover, miR-21 is also a liaison in the deterioration of chronic liver disease to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and it impacts on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, immune escape, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation by regulating target genes expression in different signaling pathways. In current research on miRNA therapy, some natural products can exert the hepatoprotective effects depending on the inhibition of miR-21 expression. In addition, miR-21-based therapeutic also play a role in regulating intracellular miR-21 levels and enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs. Herein, we systemically summarized the recent progress of miR-21 on biosynthesis, biomarker function, molecular mechanism and miRNA therapy in chronic liver disease and HCC, and looked forward to outputting some information to enable it from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yanzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yuxin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shenglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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La Sala L, Carlini V, Conte C, Macas-Granizo MB, Afzalpour E, Martin-Delgado J, D'Anzeo M, Pedretti RFE, Naselli A, Pontiroli AE, Cappato R. Metabolic disorders affecting the liver and heart: Therapeutic efficacy of miRNA-based therapies? Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107083. [PMID: 38309383 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Liver and heart disease are major causes of death worldwide. It is known that metabolic alteration causing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) coupled with a derangement in lipid homeostasis, may exacerbate hepatic and cardiovascular diseases. Some pharmacological treatments can mitigate organ dysfunctions but the important side effects limit their efficacy leading often to deterioration of the tissues. It needs to develop new personalized treatment approaches and recent progresses of engineered RNA molecules are becoming increasingly viable as alternative treatments. This review outlines the current use of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), RNA interference (RNAi) and RNA genome editing as treatment for rare metabolic disorders. However, the potential for small non-coding RNAs to serve as therapeutic agents for liver and heart diseases is yet to be fully explored. Although miRNAs are recognized as biomarkers for many diseases, they are also capable of serving as drugs for medical intervention; several clinical trials are testing miRNAs as therapeutics for type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver as well as cardiac diseases. Recent advances in RNA-based therapeutics may potentially facilitate a novel application of miRNAs as agents and as druggable targets. In this work, we sought to summarize the advancement and advantages of miRNA selective therapy when compared to conventional drugs. In particular, we sought to emphasise druggable miRNAs, over ASOs or other RNA therapeutics or conventional drugs. Finally, we sought to address research questions related to efficacy, side-effects, and range of use of RNA therapeutics. Additionally, we covered hurdles and examined recent advances in the use of miRNA-based RNA therapy in metabolic disorders such as diabetes, liver, and heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia La Sala
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; Dept. of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Caterina Conte
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elham Afzalpour
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Clinic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jimmy Martin-Delgado
- Hospital Luis Vernaza, Junta de Beneficiencia de Guayaquil, 090603 Guayaquil, Ecuador; Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Salud Integral, Universidad Catolica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090603, Ecuador
| | - Marco D'Anzeo
- AUO delle Marche, SOD Medicina di Laboratorio, Ancona, Italy
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Huo W, He L, Li B, Wang H, Meng F, Duan C, Zhou B, Wu J, Chen R, Xing J, Wan Y. The Role of miRNA and Long Noncoding RNA in Cholestatic Liver Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00075-0. [PMID: 38417698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases encompass a range of organic damages, metabolic disorders, and dysfunctions within the hepatobiliary system, arising from various pathogenic causes. These factors contribute to disruptions in bile production, secretion, and excretion. Cholestatic liver diseases can be classified into intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis, according to the location of occurrence. The etiology of cholestatic liver diseases is complex, and includes drugs, poisons, viruses, parasites, bacteria, autoimmune responses, tumors, and genetic metabolism. The pathogenesis of cholelstatic liver disease is not completely clarified; also, there is still a lack of effective therapy methods. It is urgent to clarify its mechanism to find more effective therapeutic targets and drugs. Increasing evidence demonstrates that miRNA and long noncoding RNA are involved in the progression of cholestatic liver diseases. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the research progress on the roles of miRNA and long noncoding RNA in cholestatic liver diseases. The aim is to enhance the understanding of their potential diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic value for patients with cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wen Huo
- Functional Experiment Center, College of Basic and Legal Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Longfei He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bowen Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Chenggang Duan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bingru Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Luzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Luzhou Second People's Hospital), Luzhou, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Juan Xing
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Ying Wan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Hua H, Zhao QQ, Kalagbor MN, Yu GZ, Liu M, Bian ZR, Zhang BB, Yu Q, Xu YH, Tang RX, Zheng KY, Yan C. Recombinant adeno-associated virus 8-mediated inhibition of microRNA let-7a ameliorates sclerosing cholangitis in a clinically relevant mouse model. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:471-484. [PMID: 38414587 PMCID: PMC10895596 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i5.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is characterized by chronic inflammation and it predisposes to cholangiocarcinoma due to lack of effective treatment options. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) provides a promising platform for gene therapy on such kinds of diseases. A microRNA (miRNA) let-7a has been reported to be associated with the progress of PSC but the potential therapeutic implication of inhibition of let-7a on PSC has not been evaluated. AIM To investigate the therapeutic effects of inhibition of a miRNA let-7a transferred by recombinant adeno-associated virus 8 (rAAV8) on a xenobiotic-induced mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis. METHODS A xenobiotic-induced mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis was induced by 0.1% 3,5-Diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-Dihydrocollidine (DDC) feeding for 2 wk or 6 wk. A single dose of rAAV8-mediated anti-let-7a-5p sponges or scramble control was injected in vivo into mice onset of DDC feeding. Upon sacrifice, the liver and the serum were collected from each mouse. The hepatobiliary injuries, hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were evaluated. The targets of let-7a-5p and downstream molecule NF-κB were detected using Western blot. RESULTS rAAV8-mediated anti-let-7a-5p sponges can depress the expression of let-7a-5p in mice after DDC feeding for 2 wk or 6 wk. The reduced expression of let-7a-5p can alleviate hepato-biliary injuries indicated by serum markers, and prevent the proliferation of cholangiocytes and biliary fibrosis. Furthermore, inhibition of let-7a mediated by rAAV8 can increase the expression of potential target molecules such as suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 and Dectin1, which consequently inhibit of NF-κB-mediated hepatic inflammation. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that a rAAV8 vector designed for liver-specific inhibition of let-7a-5p can potently ameliorate symptoms in a xenobiotic-induced mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis, which provides a possible clinical translation of PSC of human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Miriam Nkesichi Kalagbor
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guo-Zhi Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Man Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng-Rui Bian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yin-Hai Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ren-Xian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
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7
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Rodrigues PM, Afonso MB, Simão AL, Islam T, Gaspar MM, O'Rourke CJ, Lewinska M, Andersen JB, Arretxe E, Alonso C, Santos-Laso Á, Izquierdo-Sanchez L, Jimenez-Agüero R, Eizaguirre E, Bujanda L, Pareja MJ, Prip-Buus C, Banales JM, Rodrigues CMP, Castro RE. miR-21-5p promotes NASH-related hepatocarcinogenesis. Liver Int 2023; 43:2256-2274. [PMID: 37534739 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The mechanisms governing the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) towards steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain elusive. Here, we evaluated the role of hsa-miRNA-21-5p in NASH-related hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS Hepatic hsa-miR-21-5p expression was evaluated in two cohorts of patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD (n = 199) or HCC (n = 366 HCC and n = 11 NAFLD-HCC). Serum/liver metabolomic profiles were correlated with hsa-miR-21-5p in NAFLD obese patients. Wild-type (WT) and Mir21 KO mice were fed a choline-deficient, amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet for 32 and 66 weeks to induce NASH and NASH-HCC, respectively. RESULTS In obese individuals, hsa-miR-21-5p expression increased with NAFLD severity and associated with a hepatic lipotoxic profile. CDAA-fed WT mice displayed increased hepatic mmu-miR-21-5p levels and progressively developed NASH and fibrosis, with livers presenting macroscopically discernible pre-neoplastic nodules, hyperplastic foci and deregulated cancer-related pathways. Mir21 KO mice exhibited peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) activation, augmented mitochondrial activity, reduced liver injury and NAS below the threshold for NASH diagnosis, with the pro-inflammatory/fibrogenic milieu reversing to baseline levels. In parallel, Mir21 KO mice displayed reduced number of pre-neoplastic nodules, hepatocyte proliferation and activation of oncogenic signalling, being protected from NASH-associated carcinogenesis. The hsa-miRNA-21-5p/PPARα pathway was similarly deregulated in patients with HCC- or NASH-related HCC, correlating with HCC markers and worse prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Hsa-miR-21-5p is a key inducer of whole-spectrum NAFLD progression, from simple steatosis to NASH and NASH-associated carcinogenesis. The inhibition of hsa-miR-21-5p, leading to a pro-metabolic profile, might constitute an appealing therapeutic approach to ameliorate NASH and prevent progression towards HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
- Centre for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marta B Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André L Simão
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tawhidul Islam
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria M Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Colm J O'Rourke
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Monika Lewinska
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Álvaro Santos-Laso
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Laura Izquierdo-Sanchez
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Raúl Jimenez-Agüero
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Emma Eizaguirre
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
- Centre for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carina Prip-Buus
- Université Paris Descartes UMR-S1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
- Centre for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui E Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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8
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Slevin E, Koyama S, Harrison K, Wan Y, Klaunig JE, Wu C, Shetty AK, Meng F. Dysbiosis in gastrointestinal pathophysiology: Role of the gut microbiome in Gulf War Illness. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:891-905. [PMID: 36716094 PMCID: PMC10064030 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) has been reported in 25%-35% of veterans returned from the Gulf war. Symptoms of GWI are varied and include both neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms as well as chronic fatigue. Development of GWI has been associated with chemical exposure particularly with exposure to pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and permethrin. Recent studies have found that the pathology of GWI is connected to changes in the gut microbiota, that is the gut dysbiosis. In studies using animal models, the exposure to PB and permethrin resulted in similar changes in the gut microbiome as these found in GW veterans with GWI. Studies using animal models have also shown that phytochemicals like curcumin are beneficial in reducing the symptoms and that the extracellular vesicles (EV) released from gut bacteria and from the intestinal epithelium can both promote diseases and suppress diseases through the intercellular communication mechanisms. The intestinal epithelium cells produce EVs and these EVs of intestinal epithelium origin are found to suppress inflammatory bowel disease severity, suggesting the benefits of utilizing EV in treatments. On the contrary, EV from the plasma of septic mice enhanced the level of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and neutrophils and macrophages in vivo, suggesting differences in the EV depending on the types of cells they were originated and/or influences of environmental changes. These studies suggest that targeting the EV that specifically have positive influences may become a new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of veterans with GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Slevin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Sachiko Koyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Kelly Harrison
- Department of Transplant SurgeryBaylor Scott & White Memorial HospitalTempleTexasUSA
| | - Ying Wan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - James E. Klaunig
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology and Pathology, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana School of Public HealthIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of NutritionTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Ashok K. Shetty
- Department of Molecular and Cellular MedicineInstitute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M College of MedicineCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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9
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Bu X, Ding W, Guo S, Wang Y, Feng J, Wang P, Chen Y, Ge Z. Differential expression of microRNAs in bile duct obstruction-induced liver fibrosis and the identification of a novel liver fibrosis marker miR-1295b-3p. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:22. [PMID: 36760242 PMCID: PMC9906198 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Bile duct obstruction-induced liver fibrosis is mainly caused by cholestatic liver injury which stimulates liver cell inflammation and damages the liver structure, causing liver fibrosis. The differentially expressed microRNAs and the potential target genes and signal pathways that are involved in bile duct obstruction-induced liver fibrosis remain unclear. We examined the differential expression of microRNAs and the target genes in the liver tissues of patients with liver fibrosis. Methods High-throughput sequencing was used to detect the total microRNAs and identify the differentially expressed microRNAs. The topGO software was used to perform the Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis. The KOBAS software was used to analyze the associated biochemical metabolic pathways and signal transduction pathways. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analyses were conducted to detect the expression of miR-1295b-3p, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Bcl-2, caspase-3, Bax, and β-arrestin1 (ARRB1). Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by the Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. The targeting relationship between ARRB1 and miR-1295b-3p was verified using luciferase reporter assays. Results A total of 44 microRNAs were found to be differentially expressed, including 18 upregulated and 26 downregulated microRNAs. Five downregulated microRNAs, including miR-483-3p, miR-5589-3p, miR-1271-5p, miR-1295b-3p, and miR-7977. GO functional enrichment analysis of the target genes revealed the molecular functions, cellular location, and biological processes involved. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathway analysis showed that the target genes are mainly involved in metabolic pathways. In addition, the results of qRT-PCR revealed that miR-1295b-3p was downregulated in human fibrotic liver tissues and TGF-β1-activated LX-2 cells (human hepatic stellate cell line). Overexpression of miR-1295b-3p alleviated liver fibrosis, decreased the α-SMA levels, and inhibited proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in LX-2 cells. Dual-luciferase assays revealed that miR-1295b-3p suppressed ARRB1 expression by binding directly to its 3' untranslated region (UTR). Conclusions This study identified the differentially expressed microRNAs in bile duct obstruction-induced liver fibrosis and revealed the potential target genes and signal pathways involved. Overexpression of miR-1295b-3p alleviated liver fibrosis, however, the specific targeting mechanisms warrant further clarification. Therefore, overexpressing miR-1295b-3p may be a potential treatment method for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Bu
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China;,Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Weijie Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanyuan Guo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Central Hospital, Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongxin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongliang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Ge
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
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10
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Rusu I, Pirlog R, Chiroi P, Nutu A, Puia VR, Fetti AC, Rusu DR, Berindan-Neagoe I, Al Hajjar N. The Implications of Noncoding RNAs in the Evolution and Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)-Related HCC. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12370. [PMID: 36293225 PMCID: PMC9603983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver pathology worldwide. Meanwhile, liver cancer represents the sixth most common malignancy, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as the primary, most prevalent subtype. Due to the rising incidence of metabolic disorders, NAFLD has become one of the main contributing factors to HCC development. However, although NAFLD might account for about a fourth of HCC cases, there is currently a significant gap in HCC surveillance protocols regarding noncirrhotic NAFLD patients, so the majority of NAFLD-related HCC cases were diagnosed in late stages when survival chances are minimal. However, in the past decade, the focus in cancer genomics has shifted towards the noncoding part of the genome, especially on the microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which have proved to be involved in the regulation of several malignant processes. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding some of the main dysregulated, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their implications for NAFLD and HCC development. A central focus of the review is on miRNA and lncRNAs that can influence the progression of NAFLD towards HCC and how they can be used as potential screening tools and future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Rusu
- Department of Pathology, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 3rd Department of General Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400186 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Pirlog
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul Chiroi
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Nutu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad Radu Puia
- 3rd Department of General Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400186 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Surgery, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alin Cornel Fetti
- 3rd Department of General Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400186 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Surgery, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Radu Rusu
- Department of Pathology, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nadim Al Hajjar
- 3rd Department of General Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400186 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Surgery, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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11
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Lin SH, Wu KT, Wang CC, Huang KT, Chen KD, Hsu LW, Eng HL, Chiu KW. Liver Graft MicroRNAs Expression in Different Etiology of Acute Jaundice after Living Donor Liver Transplantation. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081228. [PMID: 36009855 PMCID: PMC9404977 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: Acute jaundice remains a critical problem following liver transplantation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in regulating gene expression related to various disease phenotypes and statuses. Aims: To differentiate acute jaundice etiology after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), we examined the hepatic miRNA expression patterns in several liver graft pathologies. Methods: Eighty liver transplant recipients undergoing post-LDLT graft biopsy for the evaluation of acute jaundice were enrolled in this 1-year prospective study. Using a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction profiling assay, we identified hepatic miRNA (miRNA-122, miRNA-301, miRNA-133a, and miRNA-21) signatures in various allografts pathologies. Results: Pathologic findings of the 80 recipients were as follows: acute cholangitis (AC), 37 (46%); acute rejection (AR), 20 (25%); recurrent hepatitis (RH), 12 (15%); non-specific pathological change, 6 (8%); and fatty change (FC), 5 (6%). None of these identified hepatic miRNAs expression pattern was significantly correlated with serum parameters, including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. In AC, hepatic miRNA-122, miRNA-301, miRNA-133a, and miRNA-21 expression was significantly downregulated (p < 0.05). MicroRNA-122 expression was elevated in cases of AR and RH (p < 0.05); miRNA-301 and miRNA-21 expression was higher in RH than in AC (p < 0.05); and miRNA-133a expression was higher in FC than in AR (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study suggests that specific hepatic miRNA expression patterns as a checklist may be useful for differential diagnosis of acute jaundice following liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hsien Lin
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Liver Transplantation Program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ta Wu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Wang
- Liver Transplantation Program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Tzu Huang
- Liver Transplantation Program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Den Chen
- Liver Transplantation Program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Hsu
- Liver Transplantation Program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hock-Liew Eng
- Liver Transplantation Program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - King-Wah Chiu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Liver Transplantation Program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (ext. 8190); Fax: +886-7-733-6856
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12
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Kanagasabai T, Li G, Shen TH, Gladoun N, Castillo-Martin M, Celada SI, Xie Y, Brown LK, Mark ZA, Ochieng J, Ballard BR, Cordon-Cardo C, Adunyah SE, Jin R, Matusik RJ, Chen Z. MicroRNA-21 deficiency suppresses prostate cancer progression through downregulation of the IRS1-SREBP-1 signaling pathway. Cancer Lett 2022; 525:46-54. [PMID: 34610416 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), a master transcription factor in lipogenesis and lipid metabolism, is critical for disease progression and associated with poor outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. However, the mechanism of SREBP-1 regulation in PCa remains elusive. Here, we report that SREBP-1 is transcriptionally regulated by microRNA-21 (miR-21) in vitro in cultured cells and in vivo in mouse models. We observed aberrant upregulation of SREBP-1, fatty acid synthase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in Pten/Trp53 double-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and Pten/Trp53 double-null mutant mice. Strikingly, miR-21 loss significantly reduced cell proliferation and suppressed the prostate tumorigenesis of Pten/Trp53 mutant mice. Mechanistically, miR-21 inactivation decreased the levels of SREBP-1, FASN, and ACC in human PCa cells through downregulation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1)-mediated transcription and induction of cellular senescence. Conversely, miR-21 overexpression increased cell proliferation and migration; as well as the levels of IRS1, SREBP-1, FASN, and ACC in human PCa cells. Our findings reveal that miR-21 promotes PCa progression by activating the IRS1/SREBP-1 axis, and targeting miR-21/SREBP-1 signaling pathway can be a novel strategy for controlling PCa malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Guoliang Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Tian Huai Shen
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Nataliya Gladoun
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sherly I Celada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA
| | - Yingqiu Xie
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Lakendria K Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Zaniya A Mark
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Josiah Ochieng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Billy R Ballard
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Samuel E Adunyah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Renjie Jin
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Robert J Matusik
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
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13
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Song Y, Tran M, Wang L, Shin DJ, Wu J. MiR-200c-3p targets SESN1 and represses the IL-6/AKT loop to prevent cholangiocyte activation and cholestatic liver fibrosis. J Transl Med 2022; 102:485-493. [PMID: 34880414 PMCID: PMC9042705 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis causes ductular reaction in the liver where the reactive cholangiocytes not only proliferate but also gain a neuroendocrine-like phenotype, leading to inflammatory cell infiltration and extracellular matrix deposition and contributing to the development and progression of cholestatic liver fibrosis. This study aims to elucidate the role of miR-200c in cholestasis-induced biliary liver fibrosis and cholangiocyte activation. We found that miR-200c was extremely abundant in cholangiocytes but was reduced by cholestasis in a bile duct ligation (BDL) mouse model; miR-200c was also decreased by bile acids in vitro. Phenotypically, loss of miR-200c exacerbated cholestatic liver injury, including periductular fibrosis, intrahepatic inflammation, and biliary hyperplasia in both the BDL model and the 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) model. We identified sestrin 1 (SESN1) as a target of miR-200c. Sesn1-/--BDL mice showed mitigation of cholestatic liver injury. On a molecular level, the pro-proliferative IL-6/AKT feedback loop was activated in Mir200c-/- livers but was inhibited in Sesn1-/- livers upon cholestasis in mice. Furthermore, rescuing expression of miR-200c by the adeno-associated virus serotype 8 ameliorated BDL-induced liver injury in Mir200c-/- mice. Taken together, this study demonstrates that miR-200c restrains the proliferative and neuroendocrine-like activation of cholangiocytes by targeting SESN1 and inhibiting the IL-6/AKT feedback loop to protect against cholestatic liver fibrosis. Our findings provide mechanistic insights regarding biliary liver fibrosis, which may help to reveal novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of cholestatic liver injury and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Song
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA ,grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shandong, China
| | - Melanie Tran
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Li Wang
- Independent Researcher, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Dong-Ju Shin
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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14
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ShamsEldeen AM, Al-Ani B, Ebrahim HA, Rashed L, Badr AM, Attia A, Farag AM, Kamar SS, Haidara MA, Al Humayed S, Ali Eshra M. Resveratrol suppresses cholestasis-induced liver injury and fibrosis in rats associated with the inhibition of TGFβ1-Smad3-miR21 axis and profibrogenic and hepatic injury biomarkers. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1402-1411. [PMID: 34157155 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis caused by slowing or blockage of bile flow is a serious liver disease that can lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The link between transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), Smad family member 3 (Smad3), and microRNA 21 (miR21) in bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis in the presence and absence of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound, resveratrol (RSV), has not been previously studied. Therefore, we tested whether RSV can protect against BDL-induced liver fibrosis associated with the inhibition of the TGFβ1-Smad3-miR21 axis and profibrogenic and hepatic injury biomarkers. The model group of rats had their bile duct ligated (BDL) for 3 weeks before being killed, whereas, the BDL-treated rats were separated into three groups that received 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg RSV daily until the end of the experiment. Using light microscopy and ultrasound examinations, we documented in the BDL group, the development of hepatic injury and fibrosis as demonstrated by hepatocytes necrosis, bile duct hyperplasia, collagen deposition, enlarged liver with increased echogenicity, irregular nodular border and dilated common bile duct, which were more effectively inhibited by the highest used RSV dosage. In addition, RSV significantly (p ≤ 0.0027) inhibited BDL-induced hepatic TGFβ1, Smad3, miR21, the profibrogenic biomarker tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-17a (IL-17a), and blood levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin. These findings show that RSV at 30 mg/kg substantially protects against BDL-induced liver injuries, which is associated with the inhibition of TGFβ1-Smad3-miR21 axis, and biomarkers of profibrogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M ShamsEldeen
- Departments of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bahjat Al-Ani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasnaa A Ebrahim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Rashed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amul M Badr
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Attia
- Public Health, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Farag
- Radiology Department, Military Medical Academy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samaa S Kamar
- Histology and Cell Biology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Haidara
- Departments of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Suliman Al Humayed
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Eshra
- Departments of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Sun J, Shi L, Xiao T, Xue J, Li J, Wang P, Wu L, Dai X, Ni X, Liu Q. microRNA-21, via the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway, is involved in arsenite-induced hepatic fibrosis through aberrant cross-talk of hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:129177. [PMID: 33310519 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to arsenic, a widely distributed environmental toxicant, may result in damage to various organs, including the liver. Mice exposed chronically to arsenite developed hepatic damage, inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as increased levels of microRNA-21 (miR-21) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. The levels of miR-21 and HIF-1α were also enhanced in primary hepatocytes and L-02 cells exposed to arsenite. The culture media from these cells induced the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), as demonstrated by up-regulation of the protein levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen1A2 (COL1A2) and by increased activity in gel contractility assays. For L-02 cells, knockdown of miR-21 blocked the arsenite-induced up-regulation of HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which prevented the activation of LX-2 cells induced by medium from arsenite-exposed L-02 cells. However, these effects were reversed by down-regulation of von Hippel Lindau protein (pVHL). In arsenite-treated L-02 cells, miR-21 knockdown elevated the levels of ubiquitination and accelerated the degradation of HIF-1α via pVHL. In the livers of miR-21-/- mice exposed chronically to arsenite, there were less hepatic damage, lower fibrosis, lower levels of HIF-1α and VEGF, and higher levels of pVHL than for wild-type mice. In summary, we propose that miR-21, acting via the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway, is involved in arsenite-induced hepatic fibrosis through mediating aberrant cross-talk of hepatocytes and HSCs. The findings provide evidence relating to the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis induced by exposure to arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Xiao
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Xue
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Li
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwen Wang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Dai
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinye Ni
- Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Astragaloside IV Synergizes with Ferulic Acid to Alleviate Hepatic Fibrosis in Bile Duct-Ligated Cirrhotic Rats. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:2925-2936. [PMID: 31900718 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-06017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the multi-factorial etiology of hepatic fibrosis, multi-target therapeutics based on combinatory drugs is known to be a promising strategy for the disease. AIMS The present study attempted to test the hypothesis that astragaloside IV combined with ferulic acid synergistically inhibits activation of hepatic stellate cells in vivo. METHODS Bile duct-ligated rats were treated with astragaloside IV or/and ferulic acid for 28 days. Liver fibrosis was measured by histological examination. The oxidative stress-related biomarkers were measured with spectrophotometry. Expressions of mRNA and protein were measured by real-time PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS Bile duct-ligated rat treatment with astragaloside IV and ferulic acid in combination resulted in synergistic alleviation of hepatic fibrosis. Simultaneously, activation of hepatic stellate cells was significantly inhibited by the combination therapy when compared with astragaloside IV or ferulic acid alone. Interestingly, astragaloside IV, but not ferulic acid, induced accumulation of Nrf2 in the nucleus, synthesized antioxidant enzymes through negative regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, scavenged reactive oxygen species, and, in turn, suppressed hepatic stellate cells activation in bile duct-ligated rats. Conversely, ferulic acid, but not astragaloside IV, suppressed TGF-β1 and its receptors expression, which resulted in downregulation of Smad3 and Smad4. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the combination of astragaloside IV and ferulic acid synergistically induces deactivation of hepatic stellate cells through inhibition of the TGF-β pathway and activation of the Nrf2 pathway, and suggest that combination of astragaloside IV and ferulic acid is a promising candidate for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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17
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Karvar S, Ansa-Addo EA, Suda J, Singh S, Zhu L, Li Z, Rockey DC. Moesin, an Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin Family Member, Regulates Hepatic Fibrosis. Hepatology 2020; 72:1073-1084. [PMID: 31860744 PMCID: PMC7437180 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Moesin, an ezrin/radixin/moesin family member, is involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, polarity, and migration by cross-linking between the actin cytoskeleton and plasma membrane. The primary effector cell in hepatic fibrosis is the hepatic stellate cell (HSC), which undergoes activation during liver injury leading to increased extracellular matrix production. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we have hypothesized that moesin plays a critical role in linking the HSC cytoskeleton to the fibrogenic cascade during HSC activation. Moesin phosphorylation was up-regulated during HSC activation and fibrogenesis. Using moesin wild-type (WT) and mutant constructs (phosphomimicking T558D and nonphosphorylatable T558A), we found that cellular motility and contraction were increased in moesin WT-infected and T558D-infected cells, paralleled by an increase in smooth muscle α-actin and collagen 1 expression. In contrast, overexpression of nonphosphorylatable moesin and moesin knockout (KO) decreased cellular motility and contraction. Most importantly, moesin KO led to abrogation of liver fibrosis. The mechanism of moesin's effect was a reduction in myocardin-related transcription factor-A and serum-response factor (SRF)-mediated changes in the actin cytoskeleton, which in turn modulated the expression of matrix genes. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings suggest that the linkage between cytoskeletal dynamics and the correlated MRTF/SRF signaling pathway has a pivotal role in HSC activation and fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhan Karvar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of
Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Jo Suda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical
Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Lixin Zhu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Department of
Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University,
Guangzhou, China. Department of Biochemistry and Department of Pediatrics,
University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer
Center
| | - Don C. Rockey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of
Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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18
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Hussein RM, Anwar MM, Farghaly HS, Kandeil MA. Gallic acid and ferulic acid protect the liver from thioacetamide-induced fibrosis in rats via differential expression of miR-21, miR-30 and miR-200 and impact on TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 324:109098. [PMID: 32278740 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the possible protective effects of gallic acid (GaA) and ferulic acid (FeA) against an experimentally induced liver fibrosis by thioacetamide (TAA) in rats. Animals were divided into: Control group, GaA group (20 mg/kg/day, p.o), FeA (20 mg/kg/day, p.o), TAA group (receiving 250 mg/kg twice/week, I.P), TAA + GaA group, TAA + FeA group (received the same previous doses) and TAA+silymarin group (received silymarin at 100 mg/kg/day+TAA as mentioned above). After 6 consecutive weeks, animals were sacrificed and the assessment of liver functions, oxidative stress biomarkers and histopathological examination of the liver tissues were performed. In addition, the effect on TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling and the expression of miR-21, miR-30 and miR-200 were evaluated. The results showed that administration of GaA or FeA with TAA induced a significant reduction in serum ALT, AST and ALP activities and protected the integrity of liver tissues. Furthermore, they increased the activities of the hepatic antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase and catalase while decreased malondialdehyde content to a normal level. The hepatic expression of TGF-β1, phosphorylated and total Smad3 proteins were significantly decreased. In addition, miR-21 expression was downregulated while miR-30 and miR-200 expressions were upregulated by administration of gallic acid or ferulic acid. In conclusion, gallic and ferulic acids exhibit hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects against TAA-induced liver fibrosis in rats. These effects are mediated through inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling and differentially regulating the hepatic expression level of miR-21, miR-30 and miR-200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Mutah University, 61710, Al-Karak, Jordan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Mona M Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hatem S Farghaly
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Kandeil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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19
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Zhou X, Xiong J, Lu S, Luo L, Chen ZL, Yang F, Jin F, Wang Y, Ma Q, Luo YY, Wang YJ, Zhou JB, Liu P, Zhao L. Inhibitory Effect of Corilagin on miR-21-Regulated Hepatic Fibrosis Signaling Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 47:1541-1569. [PMID: 31752524 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Corilagin is a polyphenol that can be extracted from many medicinal plants and shows multiple pharmacological effects. We aimed to investigate the role of corilagin on miR-21-regulated hepatic fibrosis, especially miR-21-regulated TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, in hepatic stellate LX2 cell line and Sprague-Dawley rats. The mRNA or protein levels of miR-21, Smad7, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), Smad2, Smad3, Smad2/3, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, p-Smad2/3, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in LX2 cells and liver tissues were determined. Furthermore, gain-of and loss-of function of miR-21 in miR-21-regulated TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway were analyzed in LX2 cells. Liver tissues and serum were collected for pathological analysis, immunohistochemical staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Corilagin treatment reduced mRNA or protein levels of miR-21, CTGF, α-SMA, TIMP-1, TGF-β1, COL1A1, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and p-Smad2/3 both in vitro and in vivo. While corilagin increased mRNA and protein levels of Smad7 and MMP-9. After gain-of and loss-of function of miR-21, the downstream effectors of miR-21-regulated TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in LX2 cells changed accordingly, and the changes were inhibited by corilagin. Simultaneously, administration of corilagin not only ameliorated pathological manifestation of liver fibrosis but also reduced levels of α-SMA and COL1A1 in liver tissues and TGF-β1, ALT levels in serum. Corilagin is able to potentially prevent liver fibrosis by blocking the miR-21-regulated TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in LX2 cells and CCl4-induced liver fibrosis rats, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xiong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Shi Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Lei Luo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Lin Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University & Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-Oncology, Jining, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qian Ma
- School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Luo
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Bin Zhou
- School of Clinical Medical, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Pan Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
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20
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Zhang T, Yang Z, Kusumanchi P, Han S, Liangpunsakul S. Critical Role of microRNA-21 in the Pathogenesis of Liver Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:7. [PMID: 32083086 PMCID: PMC7005070 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that range in length from 18 to 24 nucleotides. As one of the most extensively studied microRNAs, microRNA-21 (miR-21) is highly expressed in many mammalian cell types. It regulates multiple biological functions such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. In this review, we summarized the mechanism of miR-21 in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. While it is clear that miR-21 plays an important role in different types of liver diseases, its use as a diagnostic marker for specific liver disease or its therapeutic implication are not ready for prime time due to significant variability and heterogeneity in the expression of miR-21 in different types of liver diseases depending on the studies. Additional studies to further define miR-21 functions and its mechanism in association with each type of chronic liver diseases are needed before we can translate the bedside observations into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana Center for Liver Research, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana Center for Liver Research, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Praveen Kusumanchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana Center for Liver Research, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sen Han
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana Center for Liver Research, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana Center for Liver Research, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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21
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Chen W, Yan X, Yang A, Xu A, Huang T, You H. miRNA-150-5p promotes hepatic stellate cell proliferation and sensitizes hepatocyte apoptosis during liver fibrosis. Epigenomics 2019; 12:53-67. [PMID: 31833387 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore the role of miRNA-150-5p (miR-150-5p) in liver fibrosis. Materials & methods: miRNA expression profiles, CCl4-induced liver fibrosis progression and regression rodent models, quantitative real-time PCR, miR-150-5p mimics and inhibitors, cell proliferation and apoptosis detection, RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were employed. Results: Liver tissue miR-150-5p expression was positively associated with liver fibrosis progression and regression; however, miR-150-5p exhibited a cell-specific expression pattern, namely, it was enhanced in hepatocytes but reduced in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) during liver fibrosis; miR-150-5p overexpression promoted HSC apoptosis and sensitized hepatocyte apoptosis; miR-150-5p mimic had a larger influence on the transcriptomic stability of HSCs than that of hepatocytes; miR-150-5p mediated activation of interferon signaling pathways might be responsible for HSC apoptosis. Conclusion: miR-150-5p exhibited an opposite regulation and function pattern between HSCs and hepatocytes during liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Experimental & Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction & Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuzhen Yan
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Aiting Yang
- Experimental & Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction & Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Anjian Xu
- Experimental & Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction & Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Huang
- Experimental & Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction & Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hong You
- Experimental & Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction & Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, PR China
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22
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Zhang J, Huang Y, Wang Q, Ma Y, Qi Y, Liu Z, Deng J, Ruan Q. Levels of human cytomegalovirus miR-US25-1-5p and miR-UL112-3p in serum extracellular vesicles from infants with HCMV active infection are significantly correlated with liver damage. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 39:471-481. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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23
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Abstract
For many years, major differences in morphology, motility, and mechanical characteristics have been observed between transformed cancer and normal cells. In this review, we consider these differences as linked to different states of normal and transformed cells that involve distinct mechanosensing and motility pathways. There is a strong correlation between repeated tissue healing and/or inflammation and the probability of cancer, both of which involve growth in adult tissues. Many factors are likely needed to enable growth, including the loss of rigidity sensing, but recent evidence indicates that microRNAs have important roles in causing the depletion of growth-suppressing proteins. One microRNA, miR-21, is overexpressed in many different tissues during both healing and cancer. Normal cells can become transformed by the depletion of cytoskeletal proteins that results in the loss of mechanosensing, particularly rigidity sensing. Conversely, the transformed state can be reversed by the expression of cytoskeletal proteins-without direct alteration of hormone receptor levels. In this review, we consider the different stereotypical forms of motility and mechanosensory systems. A major difference between normal and transformed cells involves a sensitivity of transformed cells to mechanical perturbations. Thus, understanding the different mechanical characteristics of transformed cells may enable new approaches to treating wound healing and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
- Molecular MechanoMedicine Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA;
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24
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Zhou T, Kyritsi K, Wu N, Francis H, Yang Z, Chen L, O'Brien A, Kennedy L, Ceci L, Meadows V, Kusumanchi P, Wu C, Baiocchi L, Skill NJ, Saxena R, Sybenga A, Xie L, Liangpunsakul S, Meng F, Alpini G, Glaser S. Knockdown of vimentin reduces mesenchymal phenotype of cholangiocytes in the Mdr2 -/- mouse model of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). EBioMedicine 2019; 48:130-142. [PMID: 31522982 PMCID: PMC6838376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocytes are the target cells of cholangiopathies including primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein that has been found in various types of mesenchymal cells. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of vimentin in the progression of biliary damage/liver fibrosis and whether there is a mesenchymal phenotype of cholangiocytes in the Mdr2-/- model of PSC. METHODS In vivo studies were performed in 12 wk. Mdr2-/- male mice with or without vimentin Vivo-Morpholino treatment and their corresponding control groups. Liver specimens from human PSC patients, human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HIBEpiC) and human hepatic stellate cell lines (HHSteCs) were used to measure changes in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). FINDINGS There was increased mesenchymal phenotype of cholangiocytes in Mdr2-/- mice, which was reduced by treatment of vimentin Vivo-Morpholino. Concomitant with reduced vimentin expression, there was decreased liver damage, ductular reaction, biliary senescence, liver fibrosis and TGF-β1 secretion in Mdr2-/- mice treated with vimentin Vivo-Morpholino. Human PSC patients and derived cell lines had increased expression of vimentin and other mesenchymal markers compared to healthy controls and HIBEpiC, respectively. In vitro silencing of vimentin in HIBEpiC suppressed TGF-β1-induced EMT and fibrotic reaction. HHSteCs had decreased fibrotic reaction and increased cellular senescence after stimulation with cholangiocyte supernatant with reduced vimentin levels. INTERPRETATION Our study demonstrated that knockdown of vimentin reduces mesenchymal phenotype of cholangiocytes, which leads to decreased biliary senescence and liver fibrosis. Inhibition of vimentin may be a key therapeutic target in the treatment of cholangiopathies including PSC. FUND: National Institutes of Health (NIH) awards, VA Merit awards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States of America
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Nan Wu
- Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Heather Francis
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Lixian Chen
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States of America
| | - April O'Brien
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States of America
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Vik Meadows
- Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Praveen Kusumanchi
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, United States of America
| | | | - Nicholas J Skill
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Romil Saxena
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Amelia Sybenga
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, United States of America
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America.
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States of America.
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25
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Jiang PY, Zhu XJ, Jiang RA, Zhang YN, Liu L, Yang XF. MicroRNAs derived from urinary exosomes act as novel biomarkers in the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:6249-6261. [PMID: 31632591 PMCID: PMC6789280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the value of cholestasis-related miRNAs in the diagnosis of intra-hepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of these miRNAs in the pathogenesis of ICP. In this study, electron microscopy was utilized to observe the exosomes present in the urine samples collected from both ICP patients and healthy pregnant women. Real-time PCR and area under curve (AUC) analysis were performed to predict the values of several miRNAs in the diagnosis of ICP. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assays were conducted to identify the target genes of miR-21, miR-29a and miR-590-3p, whose regulatory relationships were then established using real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay and Western Blot. In the exosomes isolated from urine samples, several miRNAs, including miR-21, miR-29a and miR-590-3p, were differentially expressed between ICP patients and healthy pregnant women. In addition, the gene of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) was identified as a shared target of miR-21, miR-29a and miR-590-3p, all of which inhibited ICAM1 expression. Therefore, up-regulated expression of miR-21, miR-29a and miR-590-3p in urinary exosomes reduced the expression of ICAM1, which in turn increased the incidence of ICP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yue Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ruo-An Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Na Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Fu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
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26
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McDaniel K, Wu N, Zhou T, Huang L, Sato K, Venter J, Ceci L, Chen D, Ramos-Lorenzo S, Invernizzi P, Bernuzzi F, Wu C, Francis H, Glaser S, Alpini G, Meng F. Amelioration of Ductular Reaction by Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles in MDR2 Knockout Mice via Lethal-7 microRNA. Hepatology 2019; 69:2562-2578. [PMID: 30723922 PMCID: PMC7015419 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiopathies are diseases that affect cholangiocytes, the cells lining the biliary tract. Liver stem cells (LSCs) are able to differentiate into all cells of the liver and possibly influence the surrounding liver tissue by secretion of signaling molecules. One way in which cells can interact is through secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are small membrane-bound vesicles that contain proteins, microRNAs (miRNAs), and cytokines. We evaluated the contents of liver stem cell-derived EVs (LSCEVs), compared their miRNA contents to those of EVs isolated from hepatocytes, and evaluated the downstream targets of these miRNAs. We finally evaluated the crosstalk among LSCs, cholangiocytes, and human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). We showed that LSCEVs were able to reduce ductular reaction and biliary fibrosis in multidrug resistance protein 2 (MDR2)-/- mice. Additionally, we showed that cholangiocyte growth was reduced and HSCs were deactivated in LSCEV-treated mice. Evaluation of LSCEV contents compared with EVs derived from hepatocytes showed a large increase in the miRNA, lethal-7 (let-7). Further evaluation of let-7 in MDR2-/- mice and human primary sclerosing cholangitis samples showed reduced levels of let-7 compared with controls. In liver tissues and isolated cholangiocytes, downstream targets of let-7 (identified by ingenuity pathway analysis), Lin28a (Lin28 homolog A), Lin28b (Lin28 homolog B), IL-13 (interleukin 13), NR1H4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4) and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B), are elevated in MDR2-/- mice, but treatment with LSCEVs reduced levels of these mediators of ductular reaction and biliary fibrosis through the inhibition of NF-κB and IL-13 signaling pathways. Evaluation of crosstalk using cholangiocyte supernatants from LSCEV-treated cells on cultured HSCs showed that HSCs had reduced levels of fibrosis and increased senescence. Conclusion: Our studies indicate that LSCEVs could be a possible treatment for cholangiopathies or could be used for target validation for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly McDaniel
- Research Department, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX
- Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Research Department, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery and Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX
| | - Julie Venter
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX
| | - Demeng Chen
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery and Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sugeily Ramos-Lorenzo
- Research Department, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX
- Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Francesca Bernuzzi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Heather Francis
- Research Department, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX
- Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research Department, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX
- Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Research Department, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX
- Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX
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27
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Kumar S, Rani R, Karns R, Gandhi CR. Augmenter of liver regeneration protein deficiency promotes hepatic steatosis by inducing oxidative stress and microRNA-540 expression. FASEB J 2019; 33:3825-3840. [PMID: 30540918 PMCID: PMC6404588 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802015r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Levels of augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR), a multifunctional protein, are reduced in steatohepatitis. ALR depletion from ALR flox/flox/Alb-Cre [ALR-L-knockout (KO)] mouse causes robust steatosis and apoptosis of hepatocytes, and pericellular fibrosis between 1 and 2 wk postbirth. Steatosis regresses by 4 wk upon reappearance of ALR-expressing hepatocytes. We investigated mechanisms of ALR depletion-induced steatosis. ALR-L-KO mice (1-, 2-, and 4 wk old) and Adeno-Cre-transfected ALR flox/flox hepatocytes were used for in vivo and in vitro studies. ALR depletion from hepatocytes in vivo downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT1)a, peroxisomal membrane protein 70 (PMP70) (modest down-regulation), and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1). The markedly up-regulated (20X) novel microRNA-540 (miR-540) was identified to target PPARα, PMP70, ACOX1, and CPT1a. ALR depletion from primary hepatocytes increased oxidative stress, miR-540 expression, and steatosis and down-regulated PPARα, ACOX1, PMP70, and CPT1a expression. Anti-miR-540 mitigated ALR depletion-induced steatosis and prevented loss of PPARα, ACOX1, PMP70, and CPT1a expression. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and recombinant ALR (rALR) both inhibited ALR depletion-induced miR-540 expression and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Finally, treatment of ALR-L-KO mice with rALR between 1 and 2 wk prevented miR-540 expression, and arrested steatosis and fibrosis. We conclude that ALR deficiency-mediated oxidative stress induces generation of miR-540, which promotes steatosis by dysregulating peroxisomal and mitochondrial lipid homeostasis.-Kumar, S., Rani, R., Karns, R., Gandhi, C. R. Augmenter of liver regeneration protein deficiency promotes hepatic steatosis by inducing oxidative stress and microRNA-540 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Richa Rani
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar R. Gandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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28
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Cholangiocyte death in ductopenic cholestatic cholangiopathies: Mechanistic basis and emerging therapeutic strategies. Life Sci 2019; 218:324-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Effect of SEPT6 on the biological behavior of hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis in rats and its mechanism. J Transl Med 2019; 99:17-36. [PMID: 30315255 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are key effectors during the development of liver fibrosis. Septin 6 (SEPT6) is a highly evolutionarily conserved GTP-binding protein that regulates various cell biological behaviors. The expression and function of SEPT6 in HSCs remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that SEPT6 expression is significantly elevated following the activation of primary rat HSCs, the human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 and the rat hepatic stellate cell line HSC-T6, as well as in both human and rat fibrotic liver tissue. In vitro, the overexpression of SEPT6 promoted HSCs activation, proliferation, cell cycle progression and migration and inhibited HSCs apoptosis. In contrast, knockdown of SEPT6 exerted the opposite effects on HSCs. Mechanistically, SEPT6 exerted its pro-fibrogenic effect by promoting the expression of TGF-β1 and the phosphorylation of Smad2, Smad3, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, stress-activated protein kinase-2, and protein kinase B. However, in HSC-T6 cells, blockade of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway by SB431542 significantly decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, cyclin D1, BCL2, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9, which had been enhanced by SEPT6 overexpression. In vivo, adenovirus-mediated SEPT6 inhibition attenuated thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis in rats by decreasing the deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). SEPT6 inhibition decreased the proliferation capacity of HSCs and induced apoptosis of HSCs. Collectively, our results reveal that SEPT6 regulates various biological behaviors in HSCs through TGF-β1/Smad, mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways, thus promoting liver fibrosis.
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30
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Zhou T, Wu N, Meng F, Venter J, Giang TK, Francis H, Kyritsi K, Wu C, Franchitto A, Alvaro D, Marzioni M, Onori P, Mancinelli R, Gaudio E, Glaser S, Alpini G. Knockout of secretin receptor reduces biliary damage and liver fibrosis in Mdr2 -/- mice by diminishing senescence of cholangiocytes. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1449-1464. [PMID: 29977037 PMCID: PMC6214714 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretin receptor (SR), only expressed by cholangiocytes, plays a key role in the regulation of biliary damage and liver fibrosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of genetic depletion of SR in Mdr2-/- mice on intrahepatic biliary mass, liver fibrosis, senescence, and angiogenesis. 12 wk SR-/-, Mdr2-/-, and SR-/-/Mdr2-/- mice with corresponding wild-type mice were used for the in vivo studies. Immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence was performed in liver sections for (i) biliary expression of SR; (ii) hematoxylin and eosin; (iii) intrahepatic biliary mass by CK-19; (iv) fibrosis by Col1a1 and α-SMA; (v) senescence by SA-β-gal and p16; and (vi) angiogenesis by VEGF-A and CD31. Secretin (Sct) and TGF-β1 levels were measured in serum and cholangiocyte supernatant by ELISA. In total liver, isolated cholangiocytes or HSCs, we evaluated the expression of fibrosis markers (FN-1 and Col1a1); senescence markers (p16 and CCL2); microRNA 125b and angiogenesis markers (VEGF-A, VEGFR-2, CD31, and vWF) by immunoblots and/or qPCR. In vitro, we measured the paracrine effect of cholangiocyte supernatant on the expression of senescent and fibrosis markers in human hepatic stellate cells (HHSteCs). The increased level of ductular reaction, fibrosis, and angiogenesis in Mdr2-/- mice was reduced in SR-/-/Mdr2-/- mice. Enhanced senescence levels in cholangiocytes from Mdr2-/- mice were reversed to normal in SR-/-/Mdr2-/- mice. However, senescence was decreased in HSCs from Mdr2-/- mice but returned to normal values in SR-/-/Mdr2-/- mice. In vitro treatment of HHSteCs with supernatant from cholangiocyte lacking SR (containing lower biliary levels of Sct-dependent TGF-β1) have decreased fibrotic reaction and increased cellular senescence. Sct-induced TGF-β1 secretion was mediated by microRNA 125b. Our data suggest that differential modulation of angiogenesis-dependent senescence of cholangiocytes and HSCs may be important for the treatment of liver fibrosis in cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
- Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
- Academic Research Integration, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
| | - Julie Venter
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
| | - Thao K Giang
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
- Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Antonio Franchitto
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Eleonora Lorillard Spencer Cenci Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marzioni
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti - University Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
- Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
- Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
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31
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Wu N, McDaniel K, Zhou T, Ramos-Lorenzo S, Wu C, Huang L, Chen D, Annable T, Francis H, Glaser S, Alpini G, Meng F. Knockout of microRNA-21 attenuates alcoholic hepatitis through the VHL/NF-κB signaling pathway in hepatic stellate cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G385-G398. [PMID: 29848019 PMCID: PMC6415712 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00111.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
microRNA-21 (miRNA) is one of the most abundant miRNAs in chronic liver injuries including alcoholic liver injury. Previous studies have demonstrated that miR-21 plays a role in inflammation in the liver and functions in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which reside in the perisinusoidal space between sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes and regulate sinusoidal circulation. HSCs integrate cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses in the sinusoids and relay them to the liver parenchyma. Here, we showed that the activation of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) expression, by miR-21 knockout in vivo and anti-miR-21 or VHL overexpression in vitro, suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and IL-1β, in human HSCs during alcoholic liver injury. Sequence and functional analyses confirmed that miR-21 directly targeted the 3'-untranslated region of VHL. Immunofluorescence and real-time PCR analysis revealed that miR-21 depletion blocked NF-κB activation in human HSCs both in cultured HSCs as well as HSCs isolated from alcohol-related liver disease mice liver by laser capture microdissection. We also showed that conditioned medium from anti-miR-21-transfected HSCs suppressed human monocyte-derived THP-1 cell migration. Taken together, our study indicates that depletion of miR-21 may downregulate cytokine production in HSCs and macrophage chemotaxis during alcoholic liver injury and that the targeting of miR-21 may have therapeutic potential for preventing the progression of alcoholic liver diseases. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that silencing microRNA-21 can inhibit cytokine production and inflammatory responses in human hepatic stellate cells during alcoholic liver injury and that the targeting of microR-21 in hepatic stellate cells may have therapeutic potential for prevention and treatment of alcoholic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
- Department of Medicine and Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center and Scott & White Hospital, Temple, Texas
| | - Kelly McDaniel
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
- Department of Medicine and Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center and Scott & White Hospital, Temple, Texas
- Research Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
- Department of Medicine and Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center and Scott & White Hospital, Temple, Texas
| | - Sugeily Ramos-Lorenzo
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
- Department of Medicine and Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center and Scott & White Hospital, Temple, Texas
- Research Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangdong , China
| | - Demeng Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangdong , China
| | - Tami Annable
- Research Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
- Texas Bioscience District, Temple, Texas
| | - Heather Francis
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
- Department of Medicine and Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center and Scott & White Hospital, Temple, Texas
- Research Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
- Department of Medicine and Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center and Scott & White Hospital, Temple, Texas
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
- Department of Medicine and Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center and Scott & White Hospital, Temple, Texas
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
- Department of Medicine and Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center and Scott & White Hospital, Temple, Texas
- Research Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
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32
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MiR-21 in extracellular vesicles contributes to the growth of fertilized eggs and embryo development in mice. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180036. [PMID: 29884767 PMCID: PMC6117624 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human preimplantation embryo development is susceptible to high rates of early embryo wastage. We determined the miR-21 expression of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in fertilized eggs and embryos of varying stages and their response to miR-21 microinjection. Sexually mature female and male mice were mated. Next, the expression and immunohistochemistry intensity of surface markers (CD9 and CD63) of EVs were detected in pregnant and non-pregnant mice. Exosomes were co-cultured with embryos for detection of blastocyst formation rate, and embryo apoptosis. Moreover, the expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (Oct4) were determined. Finally, we detected miR-21 expression in EVs of uterus in pregnant mice, in embryos after embryo implantation and after embryo co-cultured with exosomes in uterine luminal fluid. MiR-21 was up-regulated in EVs of uterus, and higher immunohistochemistry intensity of CD9 and CD63, suggesting more EVs secreted in uterine luminal fluid in pregnant mice. After microinjection, miR-21 inhibitor suppresses embryo development of mice. Moreover, embryos co-cultured with exosomes display higher blastocyst formation rate, reduced apoptotic rate of embryos in pregnant mice. In addition, miR-21 was down-regulated with the development of embryos after embryo implantation, while miR-21 expression in embryos was up-regulated by exosomes in uterine luminal fluid in the pregnant mice. Increased miR-21 expression in EVs of uterus and increased miR-21 expression after implantation, which indicate the key role in the growth of fertilized eggs and embryo development in mice.
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33
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Ricard-Blum S, Baffet G, Théret N. Molecular and tissue alterations of collagens in fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:122-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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34
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Lai S, Iwakiri Y. Is miR-21 a potent target for liver fibrosis? Hepatology 2018; 67:2082-2084. [PMID: 29315674 PMCID: PMC5992001 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanchuan Lai
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, U.S.A
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, U.S.A,Correspondence: Yasuko Iwakiri, Ph.D., Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, 1080 LMP, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA., Phone: 203-785-6204, Fax: 203-785-4313,
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35
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Caviglia JM, Yan J, Jang MK, Gwak GY, Affo S, Yu L, Olinga P, Friedman RA, Chen X, Schwabe RF. MicroRNA-21 and Dicer are dispensable for hepatic stellate cell activation and the development of liver fibrosis. Hepatology 2018; 67:2414-2429. [PMID: 29091291 PMCID: PMC5930143 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fibrosis and cancer represent two major complications of chronic liver disease. MicroRNAs have been implicated in the development of fibrosis and cancer, thus constituting potential therapeutic targets. Here, we investigated the role of microRNA-21 (miR-21), a microRNA that has been implicated in the development of fibrosis in multiple organs and has also been suggested to act as an "oncomir." Accordingly, miR-21 was the microRNA that showed the strongest up-regulation in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in multiple models of fibrogenesis, with an 8-fold to 24-fold induction compared to quiescent HSCs. However, miR-21 antisense inhibition did not suppress the activation of murine or human HSCs in culture or in liver slices. Moreover, genetic deletion of miR-21 in two independently generated knockout mice or miR-21 antisense inhibition did not alter HSC activation or liver fibrosis in models of toxic and biliary liver injury. Despite a strong up-regulation of miR-21 in injury-associated hepatocellular carcinoma and in cholangiocarcinoma, miR-21 deletion or antisense inhibition did not reduce the development of liver tumors. As inhibition of the most up-regulated microRNA did not affect HSC activation, liver fibrosis, or fibrosis-associated liver cancer, we additionally tested the role of microRNAs in HSCs by HSC-specific Dicer deletion. Although Dicer deletion decreased microRNA expression in HSCs and altered the expression of select genes, it only exerted negligible effects on HSC activation and liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION Genetic and pharmacologic manipulation of miR-21 does not inhibit the development of liver fibrosis and liver cancer. Moreover, suppression of microRNA synthesis does not significantly affect HSC phenotype and activation. (Hepatology 2018;67:2414-2429).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Pathology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, TJ 300192, China
| | - Myoung-Kuk Jang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, 05355, South Korea
| | - Geum-Youn Gwak
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Silvia Affo
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lexing Yu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter Olinga
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A. Friedman
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert F. Schwabe
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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36
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MicroRNAs and extracellular vesicles in cholangiopathies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1293-1307. [PMID: 28711597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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37
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Cheung AC, Lorenzo Pisarello MJ, LaRusso NF. Pathobiology of biliary epithelia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1220-1231. [PMID: 28716705 PMCID: PMC5777905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocytes are epithelial cells that line the intra- and extrahepatic biliary tree. They serve predominantly to mediate the content of luminal biliary fluid, which is controlled via numerous signaling pathways influenced by endogenous (e.g., bile acids, nucleotides, hormones, neurotransmitters) and exogenous (e.g., microbes/microbial products, drugs etc.) molecules. When injured, cholangiocytes undergo apoptosis/lysis, repair and proliferation. They also become senescent, a form of cell cycle arrest, which may prevent propagation of injury and/or malignant transformation. Senescent cholangiocytes can undergo further transformation to a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), where they begin secreting pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signals that may contribute to disease initiation and progression. These and other concepts related to cholangiocyte pathobiology will be reviewed herein. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cholangiocytes in Health and Disease edited by Jesus Banales, Marco Marzioni, Nicholas LaRusso and Peter Jansen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Cheung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Maria J Lorenzo Pisarello
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nicholas F LaRusso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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38
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Scrushy M, O'Brien A, Glaser S. Recent advances in understanding bile duct remodeling and fibrosis. F1000Res 2018; 7:F1000 Faculty Rev-1165. [PMID: 30109019 PMCID: PMC6069725 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14578.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic liver disease encompasses a detrimental group of diseases that are non-discriminatory in nature. These diseases occur over every age range from infancy (biliary atresia) to geriatrics (hepatitis). They also cover both genders in the form of primary sclerosing cholangitis in men and primary biliary cholangitis in women. Oftentimes, owing to the disease progression and extensive scarring, the treatment of last resort becomes a liver transplant. In this review, we will briefly discuss and explore new avenues of understanding in the progression of cholestatic liver disease and possible therapeutic targets for intervention. The greater our understanding into the idiopathic nature of cholestatic liver disease, the better our chances of discovering treatment options to halt or reverse the progression, reducing or eliminating the need for expensive and risky transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - April O'Brien
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
- Central Texas Veterans Research Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
- Central Texas Veterans Research Center, Temple, TX, USA
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
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39
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Afonso MB, Rodrigues PM, Simão AL, Gaspar MM, Carvalho T, Borralho P, Bañales JM, Castro RE, Rodrigues CMP. miRNA-21 ablation protects against liver injury and necroptosis in cholestasis. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:857-872. [PMID: 29229992 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of microRNA-21 (miR-21) prevents necroptosis in the mouse pancreas. Necroptosis contributes to hepatic necro-inflammation in the common bile duct ligation (BDL) murine model. We aimed to evaluate the role of miR-21 in mediating deleterious processes associated with cholestasis. Mechanistic studies established a functional link between miR-21 and necroptosis through cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated protein 1 (CDK2AP1). miR-21 expression increased in the liver of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients and BDL wild-type (WT) mice at both 3 and 14 days. Notably, under BDL, miR-21 -/- mice displayed decreased liver injury markers in serum compared with WT mice, accompanied by reduced hepatocellular degeneration, oxidative stress and fibrosis. Hallmarks of necroptosis were decreased in the liver of BDL miR-21 -/- mice, via relieved repression of CDK2AP1. Further, miR-21 -/- mice displayed improved adaptive response of bile acid homeostasis. In conclusion, miR-21 ablation ameliorates liver damage and necroptosis in BDL mice. Inhibition of miR-21 should arise as a promising approach to treat cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André L Simão
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria M Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tânia Carvalho
- Histology and Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Borralho
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa (ESTEsL), Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Anatomia Patológica, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Hospital Cuf Descobertas, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jesús M Bañales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital - University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), CIBERehd, Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Rui E Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Kennedy L, Hargrove L, Demieville J, Francis N, Seils R, Villamaria S, Francis H. Recent Advances in Understanding Cholangiocarcinoma. F1000Res 2017; 6:1818. [PMID: 29067165 PMCID: PMC5635438 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12118.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy that arises from damaged epithelial cells, cholangiocytes, and possibly de-differentiated hepatocytes. CCA has a poor overall survival rate and limited therapeutic options. Based on this data, it is imperative that new diagnostic and therapeutic interventions be developed. Recent work has attempted to understand the pathological mechanisms driving CCA progression. Specifically, recent publications have delved into the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) during CCA pathology. CSCs are a specific subset of cells within the tumor environment that are derived from a cell with stem-like properties and have been shown to influence recurrence and chemoresistance during CCA. MSCs are known for their anti-inflammatory activity and have been postulated to influence malignancy during CCA, but little is known about their exact functions. miRNAs exert various functions via gene regulation at both the transcriptional and the translational levels, giving miRNAs diverse roles in CCA progression. Additionally, current miRNA-based therapeutic approaches are in clinical trials for various liver diseases, giving hope for similar approaches for CCA. However, the interactions among these three factors in the context of CCA are unknown. In this review, we focus on recently published data (within the last 3 years) that discuss the role of CSCs, MSCs, and miRNAs and their possible interactions during CCA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Kennedy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA.,Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Laura Hargrove
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | | | - Nicole Francis
- Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Rowan Seils
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Sara Villamaria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA.,Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA.,Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Temple, TX, USA
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41
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Hall C, Ehrlich L, Meng F, Invernizzi P, Bernuzzi F, Lairmore TC, Alpini G, Glaser S. Inhibition of microRNA-24 increases liver fibrosis by enhanced menin expression in Mdr2 -/- mice. J Surg Res 2017; 217:160-169. [PMID: 28602220 PMCID: PMC5760243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation remains the primary treatment for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Mdr2-/- mice provide a reliable in vivo model of PSC and develop characteristic biliary inflammation and fibrosis. We tested the hypothesis that the tumor suppressor protein menin is implicated in the progression of liver fibrosis and that menin expression can be regulated in the liver via microRNA-24 (miR-24). MATERIALS AND METHODS Menin expression was measured in human PSC and Mdr2-/- mice. Twelve-week-old FVB/NJ wild-type (WT) and Mdr2-/- mice were treated with miR-24 Vivo-Morpholino to knockdown miR-24 expression levels. Liver fibrosis was evaluated by Sirius Red staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for genes associated with liver fibrosis, such as fibronectin 1, collagen type 1 alpha 1, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and α-smooth muscle actin. Studies were also performed in vitro using immortalized murine cholangiocyte lines treated with miR-24 hairpin inhibitor and mimic. RESULTS Menin gene expression was increased in Mdr2-/- mice and late-stage human PSC samples. Treatment of FVB/NJ WT and Mdr2-/- mice with miR-24 Vivo-Morpholino increased menin expression, which correlated with increased expression of fibrosis genes. In vitro, inhibition of miR-24 also significantly increased the expression of fibrosis genes. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of miR-24 increases menin and TGF-β1 expression, subsequently increasing hepatic fibrosis in FVB/NJ WT and Mdr2-/- mice. Modulation of the menin/miR-24 axis may provide novel targeted therapies to slow the progression of hepatic fibrosis into cirrhosis in PSC patients by altering TGF-β1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Hall
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Health and Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Laurent Ehrlich
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Health and Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas; Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health and Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White, Temple, Texas
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Francesca Bernuzzi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Terry C Lairmore
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Health and Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health and Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White, Temple, Texas; Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health and Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White, Temple, Texas; Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas.
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42
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Puik JR, Meijer LL, Le Large TY, Prado MM, Frampton AE, Kazemier G, Giovannetti E. miRNA profiling for diagnosis, prognosis and stratification of cancer treatment in cholangiocarcinoma. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:1343-1358. [PMID: 28832247 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a lethal malignancy originating from the biliary tract epithelium. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Even after resection with curative intent, prognosis remains poor. Previous studies have reported the evolving role of miRNAs as novel biomarkers in cancer diagnosis, prognostication and chemotherapy response. Various miRNAs, such as miR-21, miR-26, miR-122 and miR-150, have been identified as possible blood-based biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis of CCA. Moreover, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)- and angiogenesis-associated miRNAs have been implicated in tumor cell dissemination and are able to determine clinical outcome. In fact, miRNAs involved in cell survival might even determine chemotherapy response. This review provides an overview of known miRNAs as CCA-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisce R Puik
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura L Meijer
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Ys Le Large
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Oncology & Radiobiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mireia Mato Prado
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Adam E Frampton
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Geert Kazemier
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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43
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Thomson J, Hargrove L, Kennedy L, Demieville J, Francis H. Cellular crosstalk during cholestatic liver injury. LIVER RESEARCH 2017; 1:26-33. [PMID: 29552372 PMCID: PMC5854144 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The functions of the liver are very diverse. From detoxifying blood to storing glucose in the form of glycogen and producing bile to facilitate fat digestion, the liver is a very active and important organ. The liver is comprised of many varied cell types whose functions are equally diverse. Cholangiocytes line the biliary tree and aid in transporting and adjusting the composition of bile as it travels to the gallbladder. Hepatic stellate cells and portal fibroblasts are located in different areas within the liver architecture, but both contribute to the development of fibrosis upon activation after liver injury. Vascular cells, including those that constitute the peribiliary vascular plexus, are involved in functions other than blood delivery to and from the liver, such as supporting the growth of the biliary tree during development. Mast cells are normally found in healthy livers but in very low numbers. However, after injury, mast cell numbers greatly increase as they infiltrate and release factors that exacerbate the fibrotic response. While not an all-inclusive list, these cells have individual roles within the liver, but they are also able to communicate with each other by cellular crosstalk. In this review, we examine some of these pathways that can lead to an increase in the homeostatic dysfunction seen in liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Thomson
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, TX, USA
| | - Laura Hargrove
- Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, TX, USA
- Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | | | - Heather Francis
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, TX, USA
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, TX, USA
- Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
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44
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Kennedy I, Francis H, Meng F, Glaser S, Alpini G. Diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of microRNAs in cholangiopathies. LIVER RESEARCH 2017; 1:34-41. [PMID: 29085701 PMCID: PMC5659325 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiopathies are a group of rare, devastating diseases that arise from damaged cholangiocytes, the cells that line the intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts of the biliary epithelium. Cholangiopathies result in significant morbidity and mortality and are a major cause of liver transplantation. A better understanding of the underlying pathogenesis that influences cholangiocyte dysregulation and cholangiopathy progression is necessary, considering the dismal prognosis associated with these diseases. MicroRNAs are a class of small, non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional mRNA expression of specific genes. The role of microRNAs has expanded to include the initiation and development of many diseases, including cholangiopathies. Understanding microRNA regulation of cholangiopathies may provide diagnostic and therapeutic benefit for these diseases. In this review, the authors primarily focus on studies published within the last five years that help determine the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of microRNAs in cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- indsey Kennedy
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine
| | - Heather Francis
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health3, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health3, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health3, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health3, Temple, Texas, USA,Corresponding author: Texas A&M Health Science Center Olin E. Teague Medical Center 1901 South 1st Street, Bldg. 205, 1R60 Temple, TX, 76504, USA
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45
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McMillin M, Frampton G, Grant S, DeMorrow S. The Neuropeptide Galanin Is Up-Regulated during Cholestasis and Contributes to Cholangiocyte Proliferation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:819-830. [PMID: 28196718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the course of cholestatic liver diseases, mitotically dormant cholangiocytes proliferate and subsequently acquire a neuroendocrine phenotype. Galanin is a neuroendocrine factor responsible for regulation of physiological responses, such as feeding behavior and mood, and has been implicated in the development of fatty liver disease, although its role in biliary hyperplasia is unknown. Biliary hyperplasia was induced in rats via bile duct ligation (BDL) surgery, and galanin was increased in serum and liver homogenates from BDL rats. Treatment of sham and BDL rats with recombinant galanin increased cholangiocyte proliferation and intrahepatic biliary mass, liver damage, and inflammation, whereas blocking galanin expression with specific vivo-morpholino sequences inhibited hyperplastic cholangiocyte proliferation, liver damage, inflammation, and subsequent fibrosis. The proliferative effects of galanin were via activation of galanin receptor 1 expressed specifically on cholangiocytes and were associated with an activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and ribosomal S6 kinase 1 signal transduction pathways and subsequent increase in cAMP responsive element binding protein DNA-binding activity and induction of Yes-associated protein expression. Strategies to inhibit extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, ribosomal S6 kinase 1, or cAMP responsive element binding protein DNA-binding activity prevented the proliferative effects of galanin. Taken together, these data suggest that targeting galanin signaling may be effective for the maintenance of biliary mass during cholestatic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew McMillin
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Gabriel Frampton
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Stephanie Grant
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Sharon DeMorrow
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas.
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