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Chong X, Madeti Y, Cai J, Li W, Cong L, Lu J, Mo L, Liu H, He S, Yu C, Zhou Z, Wang B, Cao Y, Wang Z, Shen L, Wang Y, Zhang X. Recent developments in immunotherapy for gastrointestinal tract cancers. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:65. [PMID: 39123202 PMCID: PMC11316403 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed the rise of immunotherapy for Gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers. The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and PD ligand-1 antibodies, has become increasingly pivotal in the treatment of advanced and perioperative GI tract cancers. Currently, anti-PD-1 plus chemotherapy is considered as first-line regimen for unselected advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (G/GEJC), mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC), and advanced esophageal cancer (EC). In addition, the encouraging performance of claudin18.2-redirected chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in later-line GI tract cancers brings new hope for cell therapy in solid tumour treatment. Nevertheless, immunotherapy for GI tumour remains yet precise, and researchers are dedicated to further maximising and optimising the efficacy. This review summarises the important research, latest progress, and future directions of immunotherapy for GI tract cancers including EC, G/GEJC, and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Chong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yelizhati Madeti
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jieyuan Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Wenfei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jialin Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Liyang Mo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Siyi He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhiruo Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yanshuo Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhenghang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yakun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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Cai S, Yang G, Hu M, Li C, Yang L, Zhang W, Sun J, Sun F, Xing L, Sun X. Spatial cell interplay networks of regulatory T cells predict recurrence in patients with operable non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:189. [PMID: 39093404 PMCID: PMC11297009 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and neighboring cells, which is pivotal for anti-tumor immunity and closely linked to patient prognosis, remains to be fully elucidated. METHODS Tissue microarrays of 261 operable NSCLC patients were stained by multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) assay, and the interaction between Tregs and neighboring cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) was evaluated. Employing various machine learning algorithms, we developed a spatial immune signature to predict the prognosis of NSCLC patients. Additionally, we explored the interplay between programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) interactions and their relationship with Tregs. RESULTS Survival analysis indicated that the interplay between Tregs and neighboring cells in the invasive margin (IM) and tumor center was associated with recurrence in NSCLC patients. We integrated the intersection of the three algorithms to identify four crucial spatial immune features [P(CD8+Treg to CK) in IM, P(CD8+Treg to CD4) in IM, N(CD4+Treg to CK) in IM, N(CD4+Tcon to CK) in IM] and employed these characteristics to establish SIS, an independent prognosticator of recurrence in NSCLC patients [HR = 2.34, 95% CI (1.53, 3.58), P < 0.001]. Furthermore, analysis of cell interactions demonstrated that a higher number of Tregs contributed to higher PD-L1+ cells surrounded by PD-1+ cells (P < 0.001) with shorter distances (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION We dissected the cell interplay network within the TME, uncovering the spatial architecture and intricate interactions between Tregs and neighboring cells, along with their impact on the prognosis of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Cai
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guanqun Yang
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyu Hu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chaozhuo Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liying Yang
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jujie Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fenghao Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.440, Jiyan Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaorong Sun
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.440, Jiyan Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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Kang X, Zhao S, Lin S, Li J, Wang S. Synergistic upregulation of PD‑L1 in tumor cells and CD39 in tumor‑infiltrating CD8 + T cells leads to poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:368. [PMID: 38933811 PMCID: PMC11200054 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune escape of tumor cells and functional status of tumor-infiltrating T cells may serve pivotal roles in the tumor immune microenvironment and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study enrolled 91 patients with HCC and examined programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor cells and CD39 expression in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in patient samples using multiplex immunofluorescence assays. The impact of PD-L1 and CD39 expression levels on the prognosis of patients with HCC was investigated utilizing Kaplan-Meier analyses. The individual upregulation of PD-L1 in tumor cells, as well as the individual upregulation of CD39 expression in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells did not significantly affect the prognosis of patients with HCC. However, the simultaneous upregulation of both PD-L1 in tumor cells and CD39 in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells was associated with reduced overall survival in patients with HCC. Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that the interplay between tumor cell immune escape and tumor-infiltrating immune cell functional status within the tumor immune microenvironment may have had a substantial impact on the prognosis of patients with HCC. Mechanistically, increased expression levels of PD-L1 in tumor cells may improve the immune escape capacity of tumors, whilst upregulation of CD39 in tumor-infiltrating T cells may be associated with T cell exhaustion. Therefore, the upregulation of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, in conjunction with the exhaustion of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, could serve as a future potential prognostic indicator of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Kang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Sinan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Heibei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Shan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, Chengde Central Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Shunxiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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Ma S, Li F, Wang L. The Construction of a Nomogram Using the Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value Combined with a PILE Score for Immunotherapy Prediction Prognosis in Advanced NSCLC. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:741-751. [PMID: 38974092 PMCID: PMC11227331 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s461964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive value of Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV) combined with the PILE score for immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to construct a nomogram prediction model to provide reference for clinical work. Patients and Methods Patients with advanced NSCLC who received ICIs treatment in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects. The chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and Cox proportional risk regression analysis were used to evaluate the prognosis. The results were visualized by a nomogram, and the performance of the model was judged by indicators such as the area under the subject operating characteristic curve (AUC) and C-index. The patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups by PILE score, and the prognosis of patients in different risk groups was evaluated. Results Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) improvement, and ECOG PS score ≥2, bone metastases before treatment, and high PIV expression were independent risk factors for OS. The C index of OS predicted by the nomogram model is 0.750 (95% CI: 0.677-0.823), and the Calibration and ROC curves show that the model has good prediction performance. Compared with the low-risk group, patients in the high-risk group of PILE were associated with a higher inflammatory state and poorer physical condition, which often resulted in a poorer prognosis. Conclusion PIV can be used as a prognostic indicator for patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs, and a nomogram prediction model can be constructed to evaluate the survival prediction of patients, thus contributing to better clinical decision-making and prognosis assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Ma
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lunqing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, People’s Republic of China
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Ma S, Li Z, Wang L. The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) predicted the postoperative survival rate of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and the construction of a nomogram model. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:158. [PMID: 38877553 PMCID: PMC11177447 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-024-03432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic significance of the advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) in patients with operable non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). By constructing the nomogram model, it can provide a reference for clinical work. METHODS A total of 899 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent surgery in our hospital between January 2017 and June 2021 were retrospectively included. ALI was calculated by body mass index (BMI) × serum albumin/neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). The optimal truncation value of ALI was obtained using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and divided into two groups. Survival analysis was represented by the Kaplan-Meier curve. The predictors of Overall survival (OS) were evaluated by the Cox proportional risk model using single factor and stepwise regression multifactor analysis. Based on the results of multi-factor Cox proportional risk regression analysis, a nomogram model was established using the R survival package. The bootstrap method (repeated sampling 1 000 times) was used for internal verification of the nomogram model. The concordance index (C-index) was used to represent the prediction performance of the nomogram model, and the calibration graph method was used to visually represent its prediction conformity. The application value of the model was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS The optimal cut-off value of ALI was 70.06, and the low ALI group (ALI < 70.06) showed a poor survival prognosis. In multivariate analyses, tumor location, pathological stage, neuroaggression, and ALI were independently associated with operable NSCLC-specific survival. The C index of OS predicted by the nomogram model was 0.928 (95% CI: 0.904-0.952). The bootstrap self-sampling method (B = 1000) was used for internal validation of the prediction model, and the calibration curve showed good agreement between the prediction and observation results of 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year OS. The ROC curves for 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival were plotted according to independent factors, and the AUC was 0.952 (95% CI: 0.925-0.979), 0.951 (95% CI: 0.916-0.985), and 0.939 (95% CI: 0.913-0.965), respectively. DCA shows that this model has good clinical application value. CONCLUSION ALI can be used as a reliable indicator to evaluate the prognosis of patients with operable NSCLC, and through the construction of a nomogram model, it can facilitate better individualized treatment and prognosis assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Ma
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Zongqi Li
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Lunqing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
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Gâta VA, Pașca A, Roman A, Muntean MV, Morariu DȘ, Bonci EA, Dina C, Ungureanu L. The Expression of Forkhead Box P3 T Regulatory Lymphocytes as a Prognostic Factor in Malignant Melanomas. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6377. [PMID: 38928083 PMCID: PMC11204253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Since transcription factor Forkhead Box P3 (FoxP3) was identified as a specific regulatory T cell (Treg) marker, researchers have scrutinized its value as a potential novel therapeutic target or a prognostic factor in various types of cancer with inconsistent results. The present analysis was performed to assess the influence of Treg FoxP3 expression on the prognosis of primary melanoma and to evaluate the correlations with various clinicopathological prognostic factors. We analyzed all eligible patients with stage pT3 primary malignant melanomas treated in a tertiary cancer center. Immunohistochemical staining for Treg FoxP3 expression was performed on retrospectively identified paraffin blocks and subsequently correlated with the outcomes of the patients. A total of 81% of the patients presented a positive Treg FoxP3 expression, being correlated with a higher risk of lymph node metastasis, tumor relapse, and death. Moreover, positive expression was statistically associated with a shorter OS. The tumor relapse rate was estimated at 36.7%. A positive expression of Treg FoxP3 and lymph node metastasis were associated with a higher risk of death based on multivariate analysis. Treg FoxP3 expression may be used as an independent prognostic factor in patients with malignant melanoma to evaluate tumor progression and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Alexandru Gâta
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gynecologic Oncology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuță” Institute of Oncology, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Pașca
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gynecologic Oncology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuță” Institute of Oncology, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Roman
- “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuță” Institute of Oncology, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Radiology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maximilian Vlad Muntean
- “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuță” Institute of Oncology, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Eduard Alexandru Bonci
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gynecologic Oncology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- “Champalimaud“ Research and Clinical Centre, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Constantin Dina
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Loredana Ungureanu
- Department of Dermatology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Nikolouzakis TK, Chrysos E, Docea AO, Fragkiadaki P, Souglakos J, Tsiaoussis J, Tsatsakis A. Current and Future Trends of Colorectal Cancer Treatment: Exploring Advances in Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1995. [PMID: 38893120 PMCID: PMC11171065 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer of the colon and rectum (CRC) has been identified among the three most prevalent types of cancer and cancer-related deaths for both sexes. Even though significant progress in surgical and chemotherapeutic techniques has markedly improved disease-free and overall survival rates in contrast to those three decades ago, recent years have seen a stagnation in these improvements. This underscores the need for new therapies aiming to augment patient outcomes. A number of emerging strategies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT), have exhibited promising outcomes not only in preclinical but also in clinical settings. Additionally, a thorough appreciation of the underlying biology has expanded the scope of research into potential therapeutic interventions. For instance, the pivotal role of altered telomere length in early CRC carcinogenesis, leading to chromosomal instability and telomere dysfunction, presents a promising avenue for future treatments. Thus, this review explores the advancements in CRC immunotherapy and telomere-targeted therapies, examining potential synergies and how these novel treatment modalities intersect to potentially enhance each other's efficacy, paving the way for promising future therapeutic advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Chrysos
- Department of General Surgery, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece; (T.K.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (P.F.); (A.T.)
| | - John Souglakos
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (P.F.); (A.T.)
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Su L, Hounye AH, Pan Q, Miao K, Wang J, Hou M, Xiong L. Explainable cancer factors discovery: Shapley additive explanation for machine learning models demonstrates the best practices in the case of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2024; 24:404-423. [PMID: 38342661 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of digestive tract cancers with high mortality rate. Despite the wide range of available treatments and improvements in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, the five-year prognosis for individuals diagnosed pancreatic cancer remains poor. There is still research to be done to see if immunotherapy may be used to treat pancreatic cancer. The goals of our research were to comprehend the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer, found a useful biomarker to assess the prognosis of patients, and investigated its biological relevance. In this paper, machine learning methods such as random forest were fused with weighted gene co-expression networks for screening hub immune-related genes (hub-IRGs). LASSO regression model was used to further work. Thus, we got eight hub-IRGs. Based on hub-IRGs, we created a prognosis risk prediction model for PAAD that can stratify accurately and produce a prognostic risk score (IRG_Score) for each patient. In the raw data set and the validation data set, the five-year area under the curve (AUC) for this model was 0.9 and 0.7, respectively. And shapley additive explanation (SHAP) portrayed the importance of prognostic risk prediction influencing factors from a machine learning perspective to obtain the most influential certain gene (or clinical factor). The five most important factors were TRIM67, CORT, PSPN, SCAMP5, RFXAP, all of which are genes. In summary, the eight hub-IRGs had accurate risk prediction performance and biological significance, which was validated in other cancers. The result of SHAP helped to understand the molecular mechanism of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyan Su
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | | | - Qi Pan
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Kexin Miao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jiaoju Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Muzhou Hou
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center for Intelligent General Surgery, Changsha, 410011, China.
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Yadav M, Uikey BN, Rathore SS, Gupta P, Kashyap D, Kumar C, Shukla D, Vijayamahantesh, Chandel AS, Ahirwar B, Singh AK, Suman SS, Priyadarshi A, Amit A. Role of cytokine in malignant T-cell metabolism and subsequent alternation in T-cell tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1235711. [PMID: 37746258 PMCID: PMC10513393 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1235711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are an important component of adaptive immunity and T-cell-derived lymphomas are very complex due to many functional sub-types and functional elasticity of T-cells. As with other tumors, tissues specific factors are crucial in the development of T-cell lymphomas. In addition to neoplastic cells, T- cell lymphomas consist of a tumor micro-environment composed of normal cells and stroma. Numerous studies established the qualitative and quantitative differences between the tumor microenvironment and normal cell surroundings. Interaction between the various component of the tumor microenvironment is crucial since tumor cells can change the microenvironment and vice versa. In normal T-cell development, T-cells must respond to various stimulants deferentially and during these courses of adaptation. T-cells undergo various metabolic alterations. From the stage of quiescence to attention of fully active form T-cells undergoes various stage in terms of metabolic activity. Predominantly quiescent T-cells have ATP-generating metabolism while during the proliferative stage, their metabolism tilted towards the growth-promoting pathways. In addition to this, a functionally different subset of T-cells requires to activate the different metabolic pathways, and consequently, this regulation of the metabolic pathway control activation and function of T-cells. So, it is obvious that dynamic, and well-regulated metabolic pathways are important for the normal functioning of T-cells and their interaction with the microenvironment. There are various cell signaling mechanisms of metabolism are involved in this regulation and more and more studies have suggested the involvement of additional signaling in the development of the overall metabolic phenotype of T cells. These important signaling mediators include cytokines and hormones. The impact and role of these mediators especially the cytokines on the interplay between T-cell metabolism and the interaction of T-cells with their micro-environments in the context of T-cells lymphomas are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Yadav
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Blessi N. Uikey
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Diksha Kashyap
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Chanchal Kumar
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Vijayamahantesh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Arvind Singh Chandel
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Bharti Ahirwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Shashi Shekhar Suman
- Department of Zoology, Udayana Charya (UR) College, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, India
| | - Amit Priyadarshi
- Department of Zoology, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Arrah, India
| | - Ajay Amit
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
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10
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Lin Y, Luo S, Luo M, Lu X, Li Q, Xie M, Huang Y, Liao X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Liang R. Homologous recombination repair gene mutations in colorectal cancer favors treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1271-1283. [PMID: 37232365 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is insensitive for Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with microsatellite stable (MSS). Genomic data of three CRC cohort, n = 35), and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA CRC cohort, n = 377), were analyzed. A cohort treated with ICIs from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC CRC cohort, n = 110) and two cases from the local hospital were characterized the impact of the HRR mutation on prognosis of CRC. Homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene mutations were more common in CN and HL cohorts (27.85%; 48.57%) than in TCGA CRC cohort (15.92%), especially in the MSS populations, the frequencies of HRR mutation were higher in CN and HL cohort (27.45%, 51.72%) than in TCGA cohort (6.85%). HRR mutations were associated with high tumor mutational burden (TMB-H). Although HRR mutation uncorrelated with an improved overall survival in the MSKCC CRC cohort (p = 0.97), HRR mutated patients had a significantly improved OS compared to the HRR wildtype population particularly in MSS subgroups (p = 0.0407) under ICI treatment. It probably contributed by a higher neoantigen and increased CD4+ T cell infiltration which found in the TCGA MSS HRR mutated CRC cohort. The similar phenomenon on cases was observed that MSS metastatic CRC patient with HRR mutation seemed more sensitive to ICI after multi-line chemotherapy in clinical practice than HRR wildtype. This finding suggests the feasibility of HRR mutation as an immunotherapy response predictor in MSS CRC, which highlights a potential therapeutic approach for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Gland Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerou Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhi Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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11
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Li J, Xiao Z, Wang D, Jia L, Nie S, Zeng X, Hu W. The screening, identification, design and clinical application of tumor-specific neoantigens for TCR-T cells. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:141. [PMID: 37649123 PMCID: PMC10466891 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in neoantigen research have accelerated the development of tumor immunotherapies, including adoptive cell therapies (ACTs), cancer vaccines and antibody-based therapies, particularly for solid tumors. With the development of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics technology, the rapid identification and prediction of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) has become possible. Compared with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), highly immunogenic TSAs provide new targets for personalized tumor immunotherapy and can be used as prospective indicators for predicting tumor patient survival, prognosis, and immune checkpoint blockade response. Here, the identification and characterization of neoantigens and the clinical application of neoantigen-based TCR-T immunotherapy strategies are summarized, and the current status, inherent challenges, and clinical translational potential of these strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Li
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiwen Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jia
- International Health Medicine Innovation Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihong Nie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Cancer Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingda Zeng
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
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12
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Xia H, Zhang W, Zheng Q, Zhang Y, Mu X, Wei C, Wang X, Liu Y. Predictive value of the prognostic nutritional index in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17400. [PMID: 37520982 PMCID: PMC10374926 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), which is derived from the albumin concentration and absolute lymphocyte number, is an effective indicator of cancer patients' nutritional and immunological status. According to multiple studies, PNI was strongly linked to the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The predictive value of PNI for survival outcomes in NSCLC patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is still in dispute at present. This meta-analysis is devoted to fill this information gap and investigate the predictive ability of PNI in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs. Methods The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, and conference proceedings were searched for eligible studies without language restriction. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were included. The predictive value of PNI was estimated using hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. Results Thirteen relevant retrospective cohort studies were included and these studies included 1119 patients with stage III-IV NSCLC. Lower PNI status was found to be an independent risk factor for worse survival outcomes in patients with NSCLC (OS HR = 2.68; 95%CI: 1.76-4.06; P < 0.0001; PFS HR = 1.84; 95%CI: 1.39-2.42; P < 0.0001). According to the subgroup analysis, PNI was similarly connected to OS in most subgroups of NSCLC patients receiving ICIs, except for those receiving chemoimmunotherapy or first-line treatment, and those with a cut-off value < 45. Conclusion Our findings indicated that lower PNI was associated with poorer prognosis in NSCLC patients undergoing ICI therapy. Further prospective research with bigger patient groups is required. Systematic Review Registration International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), identifier CRD42022327528.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handai Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wengang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Mu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Third People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chenxi Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanguo Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
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13
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Tavana S, Mokhtari Z, Sanei MH, Heidari Z, Dehghanian AR, Faghih Z, Rezaei M. Clinicopathological significance and prognostic role of LAG3 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer; relationship with sidedness. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:23. [PMID: 36765348 PMCID: PMC9912542 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02864-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well-documented that the interplay between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor cells is a major determining factor in cancer progression. CD45RO seems to be a reliable indicator for predicting prognosis and disease outcome, along with CD3 and CD8 markers. LAG-3 is another important marker that overexpresses on TILs in a variety of cancers and is associated with disease prognosis; however, its prognostic impact is controversial. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the presence of CD45RO + , LAG3 + , CD3 + , and CD8 + lymphocytes in CRC tumor tissues and their association with clinicopathological parameters of the disease as well as patients' survival, according to primary tumor locations. METHODS Expression of CD45RO, LAG3, CD3, and CD8 was immunohistochemically assessed in tissue sections of 136 patients with CRC. The percentages of TILs expressing these markers were then separately determined in both invasive margin (IM) and center of tumor (CT). Their associations with clinicopathological factors and patients' survival were analyzed in the entire cohort and the subgroups of patients with right- and left- rectum tumors. RESULTS Based on our observation, CD45RO + and CD3 + cells were the most frequent infiltrated lymphocytes in both CT and IM regions of colon tumor tissue. Whilst, LAG3 + lymphocytes were the least frequent subset in both areas. Statistical analysis indicated that the frequency of CD45RO + TILs was positively associated with advanced TNM stages (III/IV), in the entire cohort and right-sided tumors (P < 0.05). LAG3 + TILs in IM were also increased in tumor tissues with higher T-stages in the entire cohort (P = 0.027). In univariate analysis, high score of CD45RO + TILs in IM was associated with better overall survival in the entire cohort. High score of CD8 + and CD45RO + lymphocytes in IM were also associated with improved survival in patients with right-sided tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings generally suggest that the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of immune system-related markers such as CD45RO and LAG3 depends on the primary tumor sides. Our results collectively demonstrated that infiltration of CD45RO + lymphocytes in IM could be an independent prognostic factor in a site-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Tavana
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461 Iran
| | - Zahra Mokhtari
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461 Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sanei
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir-Reza Dehghanian
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Faghih
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698School of Medicine, Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran.
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14
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Li C, Fan C, Lu S, Qiu Q, Gao X, Yan X, Wang S, Zhao B, Liu X, Song Y, Deng Y. Targeting Ibrutinib to Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells with a Sialic Acid Conjugate-Modified Phospholipid Complex for Improved Tumor Immunotherapy. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:438-450. [PMID: 36382950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment for the clinical therapy of numerous malignancies has attracted widespread attention in recent years. Despite being a promising treatment option, developing complementary strategies to enhance the proportion of patients benefiting from ICB therapy remains a formidable challenge because of the complexity of the tumor microenvironment. Ibrutinib (IBR), a covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), has been approved as a clinical therapy for numerous B-cell malignancies. IBR also irreversibly inhibits interleukin-2 inducible T cell kinase (ITK), an essential enzyme in Th2-polarized T cells that participates in tumor immunosuppression. Ablation of ITK by IBR can elicit Th1-dominant antitumor immune responses and potentially enhance the efficacy of ICB therapy in solid tumors. However, its poor solubility and rapid clearance in vivo restrict T cell targetability and tumor accumulation by IBR. A sialic acid derivative-modified nanocomplex (SA-GA-OCT@PC) has been reported to improve the efficacy of IBR-mediated combination immunotherapy in solid tumors. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that SA-GA-OCT@PC effectively accumulated in tumor-infiltrating T cells mediated by Siglec-E and induced Th1-dominant antitumor immune responses. SA-GA-OCT@PC-mediated combination therapy with PD-L1 blockade agents dramatically suppressed tumor growth and inhibited tumor relapse in B16F10 melanoma mouse models. Overall, the combination of the SA-modified nanocomplex platform and PD-L1 blockade offers a treatment opportunity for IBR in solid tumors, providing novel insights for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang110036, China
| | - Chuizhong Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Qiujun Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Xinyang Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Faculty of Foreign Language, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Xinrong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Yanzhi Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Yihui Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
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15
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Saeidi V, Doudican N, Carucci JA. Understanding the squamous cell carcinoma immune microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1084873. [PMID: 36793738 PMCID: PMC9922717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1084873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common human cancer with a rising incidence of about 1.8 million in the United States annually. Primary cSCC is usually curable by surgery; however, in some cases, cSCC eventuates in nodal metastasis and death from disease specific death. cSCC results in up to 15,000 deaths each year in the United States. Until recently, non-surgical options for treatment of locally advanced or metastatic cSCC were largely ineffective. With the advent of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, including cemiplimab and pembrolizumab, response rates climbed to 50%, representing a vast improvement over chemotherapeutic agents used previously. Herein, we discuss the phenotype and function of SCC associated Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, myeloid derived suppressor cells and T cells as well as SCC-associated lymphatics and blood vessels. Possible role(s) of SCC-associated cytokines in progression and invasion are reviewed. We also discuss the SCC immune microenvironment in the context of currently available and pipeline therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahide Saeidi
- Section of Dermatologic Surgery, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nicole Doudican
- Section of Dermatologic Surgery, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - John A Carucci
- Section of Dermatologic Surgery, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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16
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Kudelova E, Smolar M, Holubekova V, Hornakova A, Dvorska D, Lucansky V, Koklesova L, Kudela E, Kubatka P. Genetic Heterogeneity, Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314937. [PMID: 36499265 PMCID: PMC9735793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity of triple-negative breast cancer is well known at clinical, histopathological, and molecular levels. Genomic instability and greater mutation rates, which may result in the creation of neoantigens and enhanced immunogenicity, are additional characteristics of this breast cancer type. Clinical outcome is poor due to early age of onset, high metastatic potential, and increased likelihood of distant recurrence. Consequently, efforts to elucidate molecular mechanisms of breast cancer development, progression, and metastatic spread have been initiated to improve treatment options and improve outcomes for these patients. The extremely complex and heterogeneous tumor immune microenvironment is made up of several cell types and commonly possesses disorganized gene expression. Altered signaling pathways are mainly associated with mutated genes including p53, PIK3CA, and MAPK, and which are positively correlated with genes regulating immune response. Of note, particular immunity-associated genes could be used in prognostic indexes to assess the most effective management. Recent findings highlight the fact that long non-coding RNAs also play an important role in shaping tumor microenvironment formation, and can mediate tumor immune evasion. Identification of molecular signatures, through the use of multi-omics approaches, and effector pathways that drive early stages of the carcinogenic process are important steps in developing new strategies for targeted cancer treatment and prevention. Advances in immunotherapy by remodeling the host immune system to eradicate tumor cells have great promise to lead to novel therapeutic strategies. Current research is focused on combining immune checkpoint inhibition with chemotherapy, PARP inhibitors, cancer vaccines, or natural killer cell therapy. Targeted therapies may improve therapeutic response, eliminate therapeutic resistance, and improve overall patient survival. In the future, these evolving advancements should be implemented for personalized medicine and state-of-art management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kudelova
- Clinic of Surgery and Transplant Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Smolar
- Clinic of Surgery and Transplant Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Holubekova
- Biomedical Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Hornakova
- Biomedical Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dana Dvorska
- Biomedical Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vincent Lucansky
- Biomedical Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Erik Kudela
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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17
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Association between CD8+ Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes and the Clinical Outcome of Patients with Operable Breast Cancer Treated with Adjuvant Dose-Dense Chemotherapy-A 10 Year Follow-Up Report of a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group Observational Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225635. [PMID: 36428728 PMCID: PMC9688913 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) contribute to breast cancer (BC) prognosis. We investigated the prognostic impact of CD8+ TILs in patients with early breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy in a large observational clinical trial. Along with a 10 year follow-up, considering the efficacy and safety, we report the results of the translational part of our study. We examined the patients' tumors for total (t), stromal (s), and intratumoral (i) CD8 lymphocyte density (counts/mm2) on tissue-microarray cores. The impact of CD8+ TILs counts on DFS and OS, and its correlation with breast cancer subtypes and standard clinicopathological parameters, were investigated, along with efficacy and safety data. Among the 928 eligible patients, 627 had available CD8+ data. Of which, 24.9% had a high expression of sCD8, iCD8, and total CD8, which were correlated with higher Ki67, TILs density, ER/PgR negativity, and higher histological grade. The 5year DFS and OS rates were 86.1% and 91.4%, respectively. Patients with high iCD8 and tCD8 had longer DFS and OS compared to those with low counts/mm2 (DFS: HR = 0.58, p = 0.011 and HR = 0.65, p = 0.034 and OS: HR = 0.63, p = 0.043 and HR = 0.58, p = 0.020, respectively). Upon adjustment for clinicopathological parameters, iCD8 and tCD8 retained their favorable prognostic significance for DFS and OS, whereas high sCD8 was only prognostic for DFS. Menopausal status, tumor size, and nodal status retained their prognostic significance in all examined multivariate models. CD8+ TILs, and especially their intratumoral subset, represent a potential favorable prognostic factor in early BC.
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18
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Talaat IM, Elemam NM, Zaher S, Saber-Ayad M. Checkpoint molecules on infiltrating immune cells in colorectal tumor microenvironment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:955599. [PMID: 36072957 PMCID: PMC9441912 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.955599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancer types worldwide, with a high mortality rate due to metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains multiple interactions between the tumor and the host, thus determining CRC initiation and progression. Various immune cells exist within the TME, such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs). The immunotherapy approach provides novel opportunities to treat solid tumors, especially toward immune checkpoints. Despite the advances in the immunotherapy of CRC, there are still obstacles to successful treatment. In this review, we highlighted the role of these immune cells in CRC, with a particular emphasis on immune checkpoint molecules involved in CRC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M. Talaat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Elemam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Noha M. Elemam,
| | - Shroque Zaher
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maha Saber-Ayad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Maha Saber-Ayad,
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19
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A robust immune-related lncRNA signature for the prognosis of human colorectal cancer. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231265. [PMID: 35506372 PMCID: PMC9301293 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignant cancers worldwide. Immune-related long non-coding RNAs (IRlncRNAs) are proved to be essential in the development and progression of carcinoma. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a prognostic IRlncRNA signature for CRC patients. Methods: Gene expression profiles of CRC samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Immune-related genes were obtained from the ImmPort database and were used to identify IRlncRNA by correlation analysis. Through LASSO Cox regression analyses, a prognostic signature was constructed. Functional enrichment analysis was performed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). TIMER2.0 web server and tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) algorithm were employed to analyze the association between our model and tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immunotherapy response. The expression levels of IRlncRNAs in cell lines were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Results: A 9-IRlncRNA signature was developed by a LASSO Cox proportional regression model. Based on the signature, CRC patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups with different prognoses. GSEA results indicated that patients in high-risk group were associated with cancer-related pathways. In addition, patients in low-risk group were found to have more infiltration of anti-tumor immune cells and might show a favorable response to immunotherapy. Finally, the result of qPCR revealed that most IRlncRNAs were differently expressed between normal and tumor cell lines. Conclusion: The constructed 9-IRlncRNA signature has potential to predict the prognosis of CRC patients and may be helpful to guide personalized immunotherapy.
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20
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Quiroz-Reyes AG, González-Villarreal CA, Martínez-Rodriguez H, Said-Fernández S, Salinas-Carmona MC, Limón-Flores AY, Soto-Domínguez A, Padilla-Rivas G, Montes De Oca-Luna R, Islas JF, Garza-Treviño EN. A combined antitumor strategy of separately transduced mesenchymal stem cells with soluble TRAIL and IFNβ produces a synergistic activity in the reduction of lymphoma and mice survival enlargement. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:206. [PMID: 35485288 PMCID: PMC9073847 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As the understanding of cancer grows, new therapies have been proposed to improve the well-known limitations of current therapies, whose efficiency relies mostly on early detection, surgery and chemotherapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been introduced as a promissory and effective therapy. This fact is due to several useful features of MSCs, such as their accessibility and easy culture and expansion in vitro, and their remarkable ability for ‘homing’ towards tumors, allowing MSCs to exert their anticancer effects directly into tumors. Additionally, MSCs offer the practicability of being genetically engineered to carry anticancer genes, increasing their specificity and efficacy for fighting tumors. In the present study, the antitumoral efficacy and post-implant survival of mice bearing lymphomas implanted intratumorally were determined using mouse bone marrow-derived (BM)-MSCs transduced with soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL), full length TRAIL (flTRAIL), or interferon β (IFNβ), naïve BM-MSCs, or combinations of these. The percentage of surviving mice was determined once all not-implanted mice succumbed. It was found that the percentage of surviving mice implanted with the combination of MSCs-sTRAIL and MSCs-IFN-β was 62.5%. Lymphoma model achieved 100% fatality in the non-treated group by day 41. On the other hand, the percentage of surviving mice implanted with MSCs-sTRAIL was 50% and with MSCs-INFβ 25%. All the aforementioned differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In conclusion, all implants exhibited tumor size reduction, growth delay, or apparent tumor clearance. MSCs proved to be effective anti-lymphoma agents; additionally, the combination of soluble TRAIL and IFN-β resulted in the most effective antitumor and life enlarging treatment, showing an additive antitumoral effect compared with individual treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana G Quiroz-Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Carlos A González-Villarreal
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, University of Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León 66238, Mexico
| | - Herminia Martínez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Salvador Said-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Mario César Salinas-Carmona
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Alberto Y Limón-Flores
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Soto-Domínguez
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Padilla-Rivas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes De Oca-Luna
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Jose F Islas
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Elsa N Garza-Treviño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
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21
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Mun JY, Leem SH, Lee JH, Kim HS. Dual Relationship Between Stromal Cells and Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864739. [PMID: 35464435 PMCID: PMC9019709 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and is comprised of different components, including tumor cells, stromal cells, and immune cells. Among them, the relationship between each mediator involved in the construction of the TME can be understood by focusing on the secreting or expressing factors from each cells. Therefore, understanding the various interactions between each cellular component of the TME is necessary for precise therapeutic approaches. In carcinoma, stromal cells are well known to influence extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and tumor progression through multiple mediators. Immune cells respond to tumor cells by causing cytotoxicity or inflammatory responses. However, they are involved in tumor escape through immunoregulatory mechanisms. In general, anti-cancer therapy has mainly been focused on cancer cells themselves or the interactions between cancer cells and specific cell components. However, cancer cells directly or indirectly influence other TME partners, and members such as stromal cells and immune cells also participate in TME organization through their mutual communication. In this review, we summarized the relationship between stromal cells and immune cells in the TME and discussed the positive and negative relationships from the point of view of tumor development for use in research applications and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yeon Mun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
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22
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Wang KK, He KY, Yang JY, Liu MJ, Guo JR, Liang JY, Wang JH, Xu ZX, Jian YP. Lactobacillus Suppresses Tumorigenesis of Oropharyngeal Cancer via Enhancing Anti-Tumor Immune Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:842153. [PMID: 35300424 PMCID: PMC8920992 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.842153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in T cell-mediated adaptive immunity, such as low CD8+ T cell infiltration, inhibits the immune surveillance, promotes malignant transformation, and facilitates tumor growth. Microbiota dysbiosis diminishes the immune system and contributes to the occurrence of cancer. However, the impact of oral dysbiosis on the occurrence and molecular mechanisms of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) remains largely unknown. In the current study, we used 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) to mimic tobacco-related carcinogenesis to generate a murine OPC model and determine the role of microbiota changes in OPC tumorigenesis. Our results showed that the oral flora composition of mice was deregulated during the tumorigenesis of OPC. The abundance of Streptococcus, Veillonella, Muribacter, Rodentibacter, and Gemella was increased, whereas the dominant genus Lactobacillus was gradually decreased with disease progression. We further demonstrated that infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes was markedly reduced due to the reduction of Lactobacillus. Supplementation of Lactobacillus increased the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, promoted the expression of IFN-γ and granzyme B, and lessened the OPC progression. Analyzing the metabolites of the Lactobacillus, we demonstrated that Lactobacillus enhanced the anti-tumor immune response by producing acetate in OPC development. Administration of acetate to mice could increase the expression of IFN-γ and IFN-γ-inducible chemokines in tumor tissues by activating GPR43 to promote the infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes and substantially delay the development of OPC. Together, our data suggest that dysbiosis of oral microbiota promotes the tumorigenesis of OPC through downregulation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Lactobacillus and its metabolite acetate improve the tumor microenvironment, which could be applied in the treatment of OPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ke Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai-Yue He
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jing-Yu Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Meng-Jie Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jin-Rong Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ji-Yong Liang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jin-Hua Wang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yong-Ping Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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23
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The Value of Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Prognostic Marker in Cholangiocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020438. [PMID: 35053599 PMCID: PMC8773915 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio has shown prognostic value in several malignancies; however, its role in cholangiocarcinoma remains to be determined. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the currently available literature. Overall, our analysis revealed that a high platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio before treatment is associated with an impaired long-term oncological outcome. Further, our results indicate that this assumption was not influenced by the used treatment modality (surgical vs. non-surgical), PLR cut-off values, study population age, or sample size of the included studies. Thus, an elevated pretreatment platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio has valid prognostic value for cholangiocarcinoma patients. Abstract The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), an inflammatory parameter, has shown prognostic value in several malignancies. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the impact of pretreatment PLR on the oncological outcome in patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). A systematic literature search has been carried out in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for pertinent papers published between January 2000 and August 2021. Within a random-effects model, the pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to investigate the relationships among the PLR, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were also conducted to further evaluate the relationship. A total of 20 articles comprising 5429 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled outcomes revealed that a high PLR before treatment is associated with impaired OS (HR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.06–1.24; p < 0.01) and DFS (HR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.19–2.07; p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed that this association is not influenced by the treatment modality (surgical vs. non-surgical), PLR cut-off values, or sample size of the included studies. An elevated pretreatment PLR is prognostic for the OS and DFS of CCA patients. More high-quality studies are required to investigate the pathophysiological basis of the observation and the prognostic value of the PLR in clinical management as well as for patient selection.
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24
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Lee YJ, Park YS, Lee HW, Park TY, Lee JK, Heo EY. Peripheral lymphocyte count as a surrogate marker of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy outcomes in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:626. [PMID: 35022510 PMCID: PMC8755768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Degree of expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is related with Immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) response but it needs sufficient tumor tissue. There is unmet need for easily accessible and prognostic peripheral blood (PB) biomarkers. We investigated the application of serum peripheral lymphocyte count (PLC) as a predictive PB biomarker for ICI response in patients with NSCLC. We conducted a retrospective study and reviewed the patients with NSCLC who were treated with ICIs from April 1, 2016, to March 31, 2019. The PLC before and after 1 month of immunotherapy was collected. We evaluated the association between PLC and progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and adverse events. A total of 231 patients were treated with ICIs for NSCLC. The median follow-up period was 4.7 months and the disease progressed in 138 patients (59.7%). Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1: the lowest 25%), the highest quartile (Q4: the highest 25%) of post-treatment PLC showed a significantly higher PFS (HR 0.28, 95% CI 0.16-0.52) and OS (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19-0.65) in the adjusted model. An association between adverse events and PLC was not observed. We revealed that an increased pre- and post-treatment PLC was associated with favorable PFS and OS with NSCLC patients treated with ICIs. PLC could be a helpful for ICI responses in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Boramae-gil, 42, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Yoen Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Boramae-gil, 42, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Kyu Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Boramae-gil, 42, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Heo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Boramae-gil, 42, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
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25
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Unver N, Mohindroo C. Targets and Strategies for Cancer Immunoprevention. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2435:7-17. [PMID: 34993936 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2014-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays a key role in cancer prevention, initiation, and progression. Antitumoral immune responses can be boosted by harnessing antitumorigenic immune activators and/or blocking tumorigenic proinflammatory factors. Here we define these targets as well as the strategies that could be developed for effective cancer immunoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Unver
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Chirayu Mohindroo
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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26
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Samiei H, Ajam F, Gharavi A, Abdolmaleki S, Kokhaei P, Mohammadi S, Memarian A. Simultaneous disruption of circulating miR-21 and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs): Prospective diagnostic and prognostic markers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24125. [PMID: 34799871 PMCID: PMC8761409 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as the most prominent type of esophageal cancer (EC) in developing countries encompasses a substantial contribution of cancer-related mortalities and morbidities. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are the major subset of effector T cells against cancer. However, the microRNAs involved in the development and regulation of CTLs could be disrupted in cancers such as EC. METHODS Here, we evaluated the population of IL-10, TGF-β, IFN-γ, and IL-17a-producing CD3+CD8+ T cells, their association with the circulating levels of miR-21 and miR-29b, and their diagnostic and/or prognostic (after 160 weeks of follow-up) utilities in 34 ESCC patients (12 newly diagnosed: ND, 24 under-treatment: UT) and 34 matched healthy donors. RESULTS The population of IL-10 and TGF-β-producing CTLs (CD8+ Tregs) were considerably expanded, in addition to the overexpression of miR-21 in both groups (ND and UT) of ESCC patients, while the frequency of Tc17 and CD8+ Treg cells increased only in UT patients. The expression means of TGF-β and IL-10 in CTLs were considered to be excellent biomarkers (1 ≥ area under the curve: AUC ≥0.9) in distinguishing ESCC patients and associated subgroups from healthy subjects. Moreover, the lower expressions of TGF-β, IL-17a, IL-10, and IFN-γ in CTLs were associated with ESCC better prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The association between the impaired function of CD3+ CD8+ T cell subsets and miR-21 expression could be introduced as novel therapeutic targets and powerful diagnostic and prognostic markers for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiseh Samiei
- Immunology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineSemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
| | - Faezeh Ajam
- Immunology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Abdolsamad Gharavi
- Digestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Sara Abdolmaleki
- Clinical Immunology LaboratoryDeziani Specialized and Advanced ClinicGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Immune and Gene Therapy LaboratoryCancer Centre KarolinskaDepartment of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Cancer Research Center and Department of ImmunologySemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Stem Cell Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
- Infectious Diseases Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Ali Memarian
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
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27
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TIL expansion with high dose IL-2 or low dose IL-2 with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation provides different quality of TIL-expanded T cell clones. J Immunol Methods 2022; 503:113229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Chang LK, Kuo YW, Wu SG, Chung KP, Shih JY. Recurrence of pericardial effusion after different procedure modalities in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. ESMO Open 2021; 7:100354. [PMID: 34953402 PMCID: PMC8717440 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer with related pericardial effusion is not rare. Intervention is a crucial step for symptomatic effusion. It is unknown, however, whether the different invasive interventions for pericardial effusion result in different survival outcomes. This study analyzed the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have undergone different procedures. Methods From January 2006 to June 2018, we collected data from patients with NSCLC who have received invasive intervention for pericardial effusions. The patients were divided into three categories: simple pericardiocentesis, balloon pericardiotomy, and surgical pericardiectomy. Kaplan–Meier curve and log-rank test were used to analyze the pericardial effusion recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Results A total of 244 patients were enrolled. Adenocarcinoma (83.6%) was the major NSCLC subtype. Invasive intervention, including simple pericardiocentesis, balloon pericardiotomy, and surgical pericardiectomy, had been carried out on 52, 170, and 22 patients, respectively. The 1-year RFS rates in simple pericardiocentesis, balloon pericardiotomy, and surgical pericardiectomy were 19.2%, 31.2%, and 31.8%, respectively (P = 0.128), and the median RFS was 1.67, 5.03, and 8.32 months, respectively (P = 0.008). There was no significant difference in OS, however, with the median OS at 1.67, 6.43, and 8.32 months, respectively (P = 0.064). According to the multivariable analysis, the gravity in pericardial fluid analysis, receiving systemic therapy after pericardial effusion, and the time period from stage IV lung cancer to the presence of pericardial effusion were independent prognostic factors for pericardial effusion RFS and OS. Conclusions Patients who have undergone simple pericardiocentesis alone for the management of NSCLC-related pericardial effusion have lower 1-year RFS rates than those who have undergone balloon pericardiotomy and surgical pericardiectomy. Therefore, balloon pericardiotomy and surgical pericardiectomy should be carried out for patients with NSCLC-related pericardial effusion if tolerable. This is the first study to compare the three common procedures to manage NSCLC-related pericardial effusion. Simple pericardiocentesis group had lower 1-year RFS rate than balloon pericardiotomy or surgical pericardiectomy group. Surgical pericardiectomy as management demonstrated an improving OS trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-K Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, BioMedical Park Hospital, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Y-W Kuo
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics & Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-G Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K-P Chung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J-Y Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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29
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Trujillo-Cirilo L, Torres-Corioriles EI, Rangel-Corona R, Corona-Ortega MT, Weiss-Steider B. Evidence that the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 of HPV induce the expression of a functional IL-2R on cervical cancer cells. Cytokine 2021; 148:155592. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
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30
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Zeng RJ, Xie WJ, Zheng CW, Chen WX, Wang SM, Li Z, Cheng CB, Zou HY, Xu LY, Li EM. Role of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors in non-small cell lung cancer. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11169-11187. [PMID: 34783629 PMCID: PMC8810164 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2006519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) are known activators of Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) that promote tumorigenesis. However, the role of Rho GEFs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains largely unknown. Through the screening of 81 Rho GEFs for their expression profiles and correlations with survival, four of them were identified with strong significance for predicting the prognosis of NSCLC patients. The four Rho GEFs, namely ABR, PREX1, DOCK2 and DOCK4, were downregulated in NSCLC tissues compared to normal tissues. The downregulation of ABR, PREX1, DOCK2 and DOCK4, which can be attributfed to promoter methylation, is correlated with poor prognosis. The underexpression of the four key Rho GEFs might be related to the upregulation of MYC signaling and DNA repair pathways, leading to carcinogenesis and poor prognosis. Moreover, overexpression of ABR was shown to have a tumor-suppressive effect in PC9 and H1703 cells. In conclusion, the data reveal the unprecedented role of ABR as tumor suppressor in NSCLC. The previously unnoticed functions of Rho GEFs in NSCLC will inspire researchers to investigate the distinct roles of Rho GEFs in cancers, in order to provide critical strategies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jie Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, GuangzhouChina
| | - Wei-Jie Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
| | - Chun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
| | - Wan-Xian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
| | - Si-Meng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
| | - Chi-Bin Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
| | - Hai-Ying Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
- CONTACT Li-Yan Xu Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515041, China
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, ShantouChina
- En-Min Li The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515041, China
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Spacek J, Vocka M, Zavadova E, Konopasek B, Petruzelka L. Immunomodulation with β-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus in patients with endocrine-dependent breast cancer. Immunotherapy 2021; 14:31-40. [PMID: 34784798 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the effect of pleuran (β-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus) administration on the immune profile of patients with endocrine-dependent breast cancer (clinical stages I-II) in clinical and imaging remission. Methodology: Antitumor cellular immunity (CD19+, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells) of 195 patients (49 in the pleuran group and 146 in the control group) was measured by flow cytometry. Results: We observed a significant increase in the absolute number of CD3+, CD19+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the pleuran group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Our results suggest potential benefit of continuous pleuran administration on immune rehabilitation of cellular antitumor immunity and better prognosis in breast cancer patients in remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Spacek
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University & General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, Praha 2, 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vocka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University & General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, Praha 2, 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Zavadova
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University & General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, Praha 2, 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Konopasek
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University & General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, Praha 2, 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Lubos Petruzelka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University & General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, Praha 2, 128 08, Czech Republic
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Salgüero I, Roustán G, Requena L, Suárez D, García-Fresnadillo D, Redondo JI, Nájera L. Immunophenotypic Differences in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Neovascularization Between Primary Cutaneous Melanoma With and Without Metastasis: An Immunohistochemical Study of 80 Cases. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:811-818. [PMID: 33534211 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The prognostic implications of the immunophenotype of the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in primary cutaneous melanoma are well known. In recent years, the study of this immunophenotype has also resulted in immunotherapeutic consequences. The aims of this study were to characterize the subpopulations of TILs in primary cutaneous melanoma, in cases with and without metastasis, as well as the neovascularization associated with the primary neoplasm, and its influence on the development of metastasis. To this end, the immunophenotype of TILs and the neovascularization of 80 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma (40 each with metastatic and non-metastatic melanoma) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, PD-1, CD31, and D2-40 antibodies. We found that higher frequencies of TILs with brisk pattern, and CD4+, CD8+, and CD20+ cells in TILs, and a lower frequency of CD31+ vessels were histopathological features associated with better prognosis in primary cutaneous melanoma. Our results support the notion that the immunohistochemical study of TILs and neovascularization in primary cutaneous melanoma may be helpful tools for identifying patients at increased risk of metastasis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Salgüero
- Department of Dermatology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gaston Roustán
- Department of Dermatology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Suárez
- Department of Pathology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain ; and
| | - Diego García-Fresnadillo
- Department of Pathology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain ; and
| | | | - Laura Nájera
- Department of Pathology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain ; and
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Ye T, Feng J, Cui M, Yang J, Wan X, Xie D, Liu J. LncRNA MIAT Services as a Noninvasive Biomarker for Diagnosis and Correlated with Immune Infiltrates in Breast Cancer. Int J Womens Health 2021; 13:991-1004. [PMID: 34712062 PMCID: PMC8548061 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s312714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) is identified as a long chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which was associated with myocardial infarction susceptibility. While intense efforts have been made to elucidate the relationship between MIAT and carcinogenesis, the tumor immunoreaction of MIAT remains elusive. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of MIAT in the immunoregulation of breast cancer (BC) and further explore the better clinical significance. Methods The differential expression of MIAT between BC and normal/adjacent tissues was compared using Wilcoxon rank sum test. The diagnostic and prognostic values of elevated MIAT expression in BC tissues were unveiled via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and KM-plotter analysis. Limma and edgeR package were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and microRNAs (DEMs) from TCGA database respectively. A co-expression dataset was constructed to comprehensively understand the relationship between MIAT and DEGs based on the Pearson correlation coefficient. Furthermore, GO and KEGG analyses were conducted to predict the potential functions of MIAT. We next intersected immune-related genes (IRGs) from ImmPort database with MIAT-co-expressed genes to obtain MIAT-co-expressed IRGs, in order to construct MIAT-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA network. And the correlation between MIAT and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and immunophenoscore (IPS) analysis was analyzed by TIMER and CIBERSORT. Finally, the reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression profiles of MIAT in serum samples. Results The expression levels of MIAT were notably higher in BC than in normal or adjacent tissues. And MIAT expression could be used as a prognostic indicator of mortality risk in patients with BC in different aspects. Moreover, the enrichment analyses suggested that MIAT was strongly involved in BC immune response. In addition, TIMER database and CIBERSORT analyses indicated that MIAT was significantly correlated with 13 types of TICs (B cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, CD8 T cells, CD4 memory resting T cells, CD4 memory activated T cells, gamma delta T cells, M1 macrophages, plasma cells, activated NK cells, monocytes, M2 macrophages, activated mast cells). Simultaneously, the IPS analysis implied that the higher the MIAT expression, the better the immunotherapy effect. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) value of MIAT was 0.86 (sensitivity = 87.80%, specificity = 75.61%). And the high MIAT expression in serum was positive related to TNM stage (P = 0.032) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.028). Conclusion MIAT may be a valuable noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for BC and is associated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in tumor microenvironment, suggesting MIAT as a potential target for future treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Leshan People's Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan, 614000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Leshan People's Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan, 614000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
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KIF2C Is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Endometrial Cancer. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:1434856. [PMID: 34650608 PMCID: PMC8510809 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1434856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is commonly diagnosed cancer in women, and the prognosis of advanced types of EC is extremely poor. Kinesin family member 2C (KIF2C) has been reported as an oncogene in cancers. However, its pathophysiological roles and the correlation with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in EC remain unclear. The mRNA and protein levels of KIF2C in EC tissues were detected by qRT-PCR, Western blot (WB), and IHC. CCK8, Transwell, and colony formation assay were applied to assess the effects of KIF2C on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. The antitumor effect was further validated in the nude mouse xenograft cancer model and humanized mouse model. KIF2C expression was higher in EC. Knockdown of KIF2C prolonged the G1 phases and inhibited EC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that KIF2C is negatively correlated with the infiltration level of CD8+ T cells but positively with the poor prognosis of EC patients. The apoptosis of CD8+ T cell was inhibited after the knockdown of KIF2C and was further inhibited when it is combined with anti-PD1. Conversely, compared to the knockdown of KIF2C expression alone, the combination of anti-PD1 further promoted the apoptosis of Ishikawa and RL95-2 cells. Moreover, the knockdown of KIF2C inhibited the expression of Ki-67 and the growth of tumors in the nude mouse xenograft cancer model. Our study found that the antitumor efficacy was further evaluated by the combination of anti-PD1 and KIF2C knockdown in a humanized mouse model. This study indicated that KIF2C is a novel prognostic biomarker that determines cancer progression and also a target for the therapy of EC and correlated with tumor immune cells infiltration in EC.
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Roda N, Blandano G, Pelicci PG. Blood Vessels and Peripheral Nerves as Key Players in Cancer Progression and Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174471. [PMID: 34503281 PMCID: PMC8431382 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The interactions between cancer cells and the surrounding blood vessels and peripheral nerves are critical in all the phases of tumor development. Accordingly, therapies that specifically target vessels and nerves represent promising anticancer approaches. The first aim of this review is to document the importance of blood vessels and peripheral nerves in both cancer onset and local or distant growth of tumoral cells. We then focus on the state-of-the-art therapies that limit cancer progression through the impairment of blood vessels and peripheral nerves. The mentioned literature is helpful for the scientific community to appreciate the recent advances in these two fundamental components of tumors. Abstract Cancer cells continuously interact with the tumor microenvironment (TME), a heterogeneous milieu that surrounds the tumor mass and impinges on its phenotype. Among the components of the TME, blood vessels and peripheral nerves have been extensively studied in recent years for their prominent role in tumor development from tumor initiation. Cancer cells were shown to actively promote their own vascularization and innervation through the processes of angiogenesis and axonogenesis. Indeed, sprouting vessels and axons deliver several factors needed by cancer cells to survive and proliferate, including nutrients, oxygen, and growth signals, to the expanding tumor mass. Nerves and vessels are also fundamental for the process of metastatic spreading, as they provide both the pro-metastatic signals to the tumor and the scaffold through which cancer cells can reach distant organs. Not surprisingly, continuously growing attention is devoted to the development of therapies specifically targeting these structures, with promising initial results. In this review, we summarize the latest evidence that supports the importance of blood vessels and peripheral nerves in cancer pathogenesis, therapy resistance, and innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Roda
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (N.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Giada Blandano
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (N.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (N.R.); (G.B.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer: Challenges and Future Prospects. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091075. [PMID: 34572263 PMCID: PMC8467932 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a new pillar of cancer therapy that provides novel opportunities to treat solid tumors. In this context, the development of new drugs targeting immune checkpoints is considered a promising approach in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment because it can be induce specific and durable anti-cancer effects. Despite many advances in the immunotherapy of CRC, there are still limitations and obstacles to successful treatment. The immunosuppressive function of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is one of the causes of poor response to treatment in CRC patients. For this reason, checkpoint-blocking antibodies have shown promising outcomes in CRC patients by blocking inhibitory immune checkpoints and enhancing immune responses against tumors. This review summarizes recent advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1, LAG-3, and TIM-3 in CRC, and it discusses various therapeutic strategies with ICIs, including the double blockade of ICIs, combination therapy of ICIs with other immunotherapies, and conventional treatments. This review also delineates a new hopeful path in the combination of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 with other ICIs such as anti-CTLA-4, anti-LAG-3, and anti-TIM-3 for CRC treatment.
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Kim AR, Choi KS, Kim MS, Kim KM, Kang H, Kim S, Chowdhury T, Yu HJ, Lee CE, Lee JH, Lee ST, Won JK, Kim JW, Kim YH, Kim TM, Park SH, Choi SH, Shin EC, Park CK. Absolute quantification of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in high-grade glioma identifies prognostic and radiomics values. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:1995-2008. [PMID: 33416947 PMCID: PMC10991432 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02836-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the tumor immune microenvironment precisely, it is important to secure the quantified data of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, since the immune cells are true working unit. We analyzed unit immune cell number per unit volume of core tumor tissue of high-grade gliomas (HGG) to correlate their immune microenvironment characteristics with clinical prognosis and radiomic signatures. METHODS The number of tumor-infiltrating immune cells from 64 HGG core tissue were analyzed using flow cytometry and standardized. After sorting out patient groups according to diverse immune characteristics, the groups were tested if they have any clinical prognostic relevance and specific radiomic signature relationships. Sparse partial least square with discriminant analysis using multimodal magnetic resonance images was employed for all radiomic classifications. RESULTS The median number of CD45 + cells per one gram of HGG core tissue counted 865,770 cells which was equivalent to 8.0% of total cells including tumor cells. There was heterogeneity in the distribution of immune cell subpopulations among patients. Overall survival was significantly better in T cell-deficient group than T cell-enriched group (p = 0.019), and T8 dominant group than T4 dominant group (p = 0.023). The number of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and M2-TAM was significantly decreased in isocitrate dehydrogenase mutated HGG. Radiomic signature classification showed good performance in predicting immune phenotypes especially with features extracted from apparent diffusion coefficient maps. CONCLUSIONS Absolute quantification of tumor-infiltrating immune cells confirmed the heterogeneity of immune microenvironment in HGG which harbors prognostic impact. This immune microenvironment could be predicted by radiomic signatures non-invasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reum Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Kyu Sung Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Min-Sung Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Ho Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Sojin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Tamrin Chowdhury
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Chae Eun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Joo Ho Lee
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Soon-Tae Lee
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Won
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hwy Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Seung Hong Choi
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| | - Chul-Kee Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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Trujillo-Cirilo L, Torres-Corioriles EI, Rangel-Corona R, Corona-Ortega MT, Weiss-Steider B. Evidence that the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 of HPV induce the expression of a functional IL-2R on cervical cancer cells. Cytokine 2021; 148:155592. [PMID: 34099345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
HPV-positive (HPV+) cervical cancer (CC) cells have been reported to express the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) in contrast to virus-negative CC cells. This work was carried out to evaluate whether HPV infection induces IL-2R expression in CC cells. The analysis of the IL-2R expression data collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype Tissue Expression project (GTEx) using the Xena platform demonstrate a higher expression of IL-2R subunits in CC tumors in comparison with normal tissues. Moreover IL-2Rβ expression is consistently higher in HPV+ tumors versus HPV- tumors. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that transfection of the HPV E6/E7 genes into the C33A (HPV-) cell line promotes IL-2R expression and regulates proliferation in response to exogenous IL-2. Additionally, we found that HPV+ cell lines enhances their proliferation in co-culture with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). To corroborate that the viral proteins E6 and E7 were related to the effects mediated by IL-2, we used cells derived from the HeLa cell line in which the expression of E6/E7 has decreased, we found that it loses the ability to respond to the exogenous IL-2 stimuli. Finally, the importance of IL-2R in CC, as an immune escape mechanism, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Trujillo-Cirilo
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Research Unit Cell Differentiation and Cancer, L-4 P.B. FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Av., Guelatao No. 66 Col. Ejercito de Oriente, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Edgar Ivan Torres-Corioriles
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Research Unit Cell Differentiation and Cancer, L-4 P.B. FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Av., Guelatao No. 66 Col. Ejercito de Oriente, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Rosalva Rangel-Corona
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Research Unit Cell Differentiation and Cancer, L-4 P.B. FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Av., Guelatao No. 66 Col. Ejercito de Oriente, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Maria Teresa Corona-Ortega
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Research Unit Cell Differentiation and Cancer, L-4 P.B. FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Av., Guelatao No. 66 Col. Ejercito de Oriente, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Benny Weiss-Steider
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Research Unit Cell Differentiation and Cancer, L-4 P.B. FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Av., Guelatao No. 66 Col. Ejercito de Oriente, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
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He Y, Fu L, Li Y, Wang W, Gong M, Zhang J, Dong X, Huang J, Wang Q, Mackay CR, Fu YX, Chen Y, Guo X. Gut microbial metabolites facilitate anticancer therapy efficacy by modulating cytotoxic CD8 + T cell immunity. Cell Metab 2021; 33:988-1000.e7. [PMID: 33761313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in both mice and humans have suggested that gut microbiota could modulate tumor responsiveness to chemo- or immunotherapies. However, the underlying mechanism is not clear yet. Here, we found that gut microbial metabolites, especially butyrate, could promote the efficacy of oxaliplatin by modulating CD8+ T cell function in the tumor microenvironment. Butyrate treatment directly boosted the antitumor cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses both in vitro and in vivo in an ID2-dependent manner by promoting the IL-12 signaling pathway. In humans, the oxaliplatin responder cancer patients exhibited a higher amount of serum butyrate than did non-responders, which could also increase ID2 expression and function of human CD8+ T cells. Together, our findings suggest that the gut microbial metabolite butyrate could promote antitumor therapeutic efficacy through the ID2-dependent regulation of CD8+ T cell immunity, indicating that gut microbial metabolites could be effective as a part of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao He
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liuhui Fu
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingli Gong
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaoyan Huang
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Quanbo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Charles R Mackay
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Department of Microbiology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Research center for clinical oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210018, China
| | - Xiaohuan Guo
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Hage A, Singhai A, Mishra A, Mishra SC. Electron microscopy of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: clinical and histopathological correlates. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:233-247. [PMID: 33912996 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histological and electron-microscopic (EM) characteristics of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) have been described but no study has compared them with one another or with clinical features. The objective is to compare ultrastructural characteristics of JNA with clinical parameters. METHODS This prospective study included histology of 21 samples of which only 13 underwent transmission-EM. Four clinical parameters (age, duration, epistaxis, recurrence), three radiological-staging, 13 histological and 15 EM characteristics were considered. A descriptive analysis for association of these characteristics and also with clinical parameters was attempted. Furthermore statistical analysis of clinical and radiological categories with respect to frequencies of ultrastructural characteristics was also undertaken. RESULTS Dense-intranuclear-inclusions (DNI) and peripheral-nuclear-irregularities were universally encountered while other very prominent features were nuclear-blebs-and-pockets, myoid-features, thin-vessel-wall (TnVW), irregular-vascular-contour (IVC) and fibrous-stroma (FS). Statistical significance was obtained between recurrence with histology (p = 0.04) and Fisch staging with EM (p = 0.001). While muscle-in-vessel-wall, thick-vessel-wall, mast-cells, stellate-stromal-cells and cellular-stroma predominated in recurrent cases, the upfront disease showed predominance of scar-like-stroma, fusiform-stromal-cells, IVC, TnVW, FS, organised-collagen-bundles and less-cellular-stroma. A very unique Rod-like-structures were appreciated in the cytoplasm of the fibroblast for the first time. CONCLUSIONS While histological parameters of recurrence need further validation, a larger sample may better define histopathological surrogate for predicting intracellular dynamics that may further correlate with underlying cellular stresses. Hence an 'ultrastructural staging' may better customise treatment protocol and prognosis. Furthermore 'characteristic' unique rods need to be further investigated along with validation of viral aetiology for DNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ampu Hage
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Atin Singhai
- Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Anupam Mishra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
| | - Subhash C Mishra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Javadrashid D, Baghbanzadeh A, Derakhshani A, Leone P, Silvestris N, Racanelli V, Solimando AG, Baradaran B. Pancreatic Cancer Signaling Pathways, Genetic Alterations, and Tumor Microenvironment: The Barriers Affecting the Method of Treatment. Biomedicines 2021; 9:373. [PMID: 33918146 PMCID: PMC8067185 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations, especially the K-Ras mutation, carry the heaviest burden in the progression of pancreatic precursor lesions into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The tumor microenvironment is one of the challenges that hinder the therapeutic approaches from functioning sufficiently and leads to the immune evasion of pancreatic malignant cells. Mastering the mechanisms of these two hallmarks of PDAC can help us in dealing with the obstacles in the way of treatment. In this review, we have analyzed the signaling pathways involved in PDAC development and the immune system's role in pancreatic cancer and immune checkpoint inhibition as next-generation therapeutic strategy. The direct targeting of the involved signaling molecules and the immune checkpoint molecules, along with a combination with conventional therapies, have reached the most promising results in pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Javadrashid
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; (D.J.); (A.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; (D.J.); (A.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; (D.J.); (A.B.); (A.D.)
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Leone
- Guido Baccelli Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (V.R.)
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Guido Baccelli Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (V.R.)
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Guido Baccelli Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (V.R.)
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; (D.J.); (A.B.); (A.D.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
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Yasumaru CC, Xavier JG, Strefezzi RDF, Salles-Gomes COM. Intratumoral T-Lymphocyte Subsets in Canine Oral Melanoma and Their Association With Clinical and Histopathological Parameters. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:491-502. [PMID: 33764216 DOI: 10.1177/0300985821999321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Canine oral melanoma is a common, aggressive tumor with limited treatment options. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are important in antitumor immunity. This study used histopathology and immunophenotyping by flow cytometry to evaluate the presence and distribution of TILs in canine oral melanoma, including the frequency of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and regulatory T cells. Fifty samples of oral melanoma from 45 dogs that did not receive treatment prior to surgery were included in the study. The distribution of TILs in the tissue (brisk, nonbrisk, and absent) was evaluated in 48 samples. Twenty-eight (58%) samples had a brisk distribution pattern, 10 (21%) samples had a nonbrisk pattern, and 10 (21%) samples had an absent TIL pattern. Comparing the histological evaluation and the immunophenotyping data, it was observed that samples with a brisk TIL pattern had a higher frequency of CD8+ T lymphocytes (P = .05) and a lower frequency of CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+ Tregs (P = .03), compared to the samples with nonbrisk and absent infiltrate patterns. Patients with a higher survival rate had higher TIL scores (P = .002), a brisk or nonbrisk TIL pattern (P = .001), and an increased frequency of CD8+ T lymphocytes infiltrating the tumor (P = .003). Our analysis suggests that the evaluation of TILs in canine oral melanoma is relevant to predict tumor aggressiveness and patient prognosis.
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Peng L, Li Y, Gu H, Xiang L, Xiong Y, Wang R, Zhou H, Wang J. Mucin 4 mutation is associated with tumor mutation burden and promotes antitumor immunity in colon cancer patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9043-9055. [PMID: 33714943 PMCID: PMC8034916 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
At present, immunotherapy is widely used for different mismatch repair (dMMR) or highly microsatellite instability (MSI-H) colorectal cancer patients, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) is a valuable independent predictor of response to immunotherapy. However, specific gene mutations and their relationship with TMB and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in colon cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we analyzed somatic mutation data of colon cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) datasets, and found that 17 frequently mutated genes were occurred in both cohorts, including APC, TP53, TNN, KRAS, MUC16, MUC4 (mucin 4), SYNE1, FLG, FAT4, OBSCN, FAT3, RYR2, PIK3CA, FBXW7, DNAH11, MUC5B and ZFHX4. Interestingly, only MUC4 mutation was associated with higher TMB and patient clinical prognosis among the 17 mutated genes. Moreover, according to gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and the CIBERSORT algorithm, we revealed that MUC4 mutation activated signaling pathways involved in the immune system and enhanced the antitumor immune response. In conclusion, MUC4 may have important clinical implications for immune therapy of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Haitao Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Ling Xiang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yongfu Xiong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Cancer Center of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - He Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Jijian Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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Zhang J, Chen Z, Lu Y, Tu D, Zou F, Lin S, Yu W, Miao M, Shi H. A Functional Food Inhibits Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Inflammatory Colorectal Cancer in Mice. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:1465-1477. [PMID: 33664579 PMCID: PMC7924130 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s283465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the potential antitumor effects and mechanisms underlying the action of a functional food containing 55 different natural food ingredients. Materials and Methods Azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium was used to establish a mouse model of colorectal cancer. Serum levels of cytokines, diamine oxidase, D-lactate, and endotoxin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Immune cells from the mouse spleen and tumor tissue were analyzed by flow cytometry. Finally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry were used to study the fecal microbiota and microbial metabolites, respectively. Results The tumor growth was significantly lower in the FFD group than in the model group. The intestinal barrier function, fat mass, and lean body mass were significantly improved in the FFD group compared with the model group. The levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly lower in the FFD group, while the proportions of total T cells, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, and interferon-γ-producing CD4+ T cells were significantly higher. Analysis of the diversity of the gut microbiota identified 60 differential bacterial genera between the FFD and model groups, with lower abundances of Desulfovibrio and unclassified Ruminococcaceae and higher abundances of the beneficial bacterial genera Bacteroides and Parasutterella in the FFD group. The fecal metabolite analysis revealed 635 differential metabolites between the FFD and model groups, with lower levels of deuteroporphyrin IX and citrulline and higher levels of acetic acid and ascorbic acid in the FFD group. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the functional food tested can inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer. This effect may be due to the ability of this food to improve nutritional status, enhance intestinal barrier function, and regulate the tumor microenvironment via changes in the intestinal microbiota and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhewen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwen Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyuan Tu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqian Zou
- Department of Academic, Yantai Briteley Institute of Life Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouwen Lin
- Center of Research and Development, Yantai Briteley Institute of Life Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weinan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyong Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
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CD137 + T-Cells: Protagonists of the Immunotherapy Revolution. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030456. [PMID: 33530328 PMCID: PMC7866028 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The CD137 receptor is expressed by activated antigen-specific T-cells. CD137+ T-cells were identified inside TILs and PBMCs of different tumor types and have proven to be the naturally occurring antitumor effector cells, capable of expressing a wide variability in terms of TCR specificity against both shared and neoantigenic tumor-derived peptides. The aim of this review is thus summarizing and highlighting their role as drivers of patients’ immune responses in anticancer therapies as well as their potential role in future and current strategies of immunotherapy. Abstract The CD137 receptor (4-1BB, TNF RSF9) is an activation induced molecule expressed by antigen-specific T-cells. The engagement with its ligand, CD137L, is capable of increasing T-cell survival, proliferation, and cytokine production. This allowed to identify the CD137+ T-cells as the real tumor-specific activated T-cell population. In fact, these cells express various TCRs that are specific for a wide range of tumor-derived peptides, both shared and neoantigenic ones. Moreover, their prevalence in sites close to the tumor and their unicity in killing cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, raised particular interest in studying their potential role in different strategies of immunotherapy. They indeed showed to be a reliable marker able to predict patient’s outcome to immune-based therapies as well as monitor their response. In addition, the possibility of isolating and expanding this population, turned promising in order to generate effector antitumor T-cells in the context of adoptive T-cell therapies. CD137-targeting monoclonal antibodies have already shown their antitumor efficacy in cancer patients and a number of clinical trials are thus ongoing to test their possible introduction in different combination approaches of immunotherapy. Finally, the intracellular domain of the CD137 receptor was introduced in the anti-CD19 CAR-T cells that were approved by FDA for the treatment of pediatric B-cell leukemia and refractory B-cell lymphoma.
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Singh S, Ahmad F, Kumari N. Spontaneous regression in a primary adenocarcinoma of lung with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 18:1817-1819. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_845_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Blaauboer A, Sideras K, van Eijck CHJ, Hofland LJ. Type I interferons in pancreatic cancer and development of new therapeutic approaches. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 159:103204. [PMID: 33387625 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a new treatment strategy for cancer. However, its promise in pancreatic cancer has not yet been realized. Understanding the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer, and identifying new therapeutic targets to increase tumor-specific immune responses, is necessary in order to improve clinical outcomes. Type I interferons, e.g. IFN-α and -β, are considered as an important bridge between the innate and adaptive immune system. Thereby, type I IFNs induce a broad spectrum of anti-tumor effects, including immunologic, vascular, as well as direct anti-tumor effects. While IFN therapies have been around for a while, new insights into exogenous and endogenous activation of the IFN pathway have resulted in new IFN-related cancer treatment strategies. Here, we focus on the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of novel ways to take advantage of the type I IFN pathway, such as IFN based conjugates and activation of the STING and RIG-I pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Blaauboer
- Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Leo J Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kang J, Choi YJ, Kim IK, Lee HS, Kim H, Baik SH, Kim NK, Lee KY. LASSO-Based Machine Learning Algorithm for Prediction of Lymph Node Metastasis in T1 Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2020; 53:773-783. [PMID: 33421980 PMCID: PMC8291173 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2020.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Furthermore, clinical utility of a machine learning-based approach has not been widely studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry for TILs against CD3, CD8, and forkhead box P3 in both center and invasive margin of the tumor were performed using surgically resected T1 CRC slides. Three hundred and sixteen patients were enrolled and categorized into training (n=221) and validation (n=95) sets via random sampling. Using clinicopathologic variables including TILs, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was applied for variable selection and predictive signature building in the training set. The predictive accuracy of our model and the Japanese criteria were compared using area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), net reclassification improvement (NRI)/integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and decision curve analysis (DCA) in the validation set. RESULTS LNM was detected in 29 (13.1%) and 12 (12.6%) patients in training and validation sets, respectively. Nine variables were selected and used to generate the LASSO model. Its performance was similar in training and validation sets (AUROC, 0.795 vs. 0.765; p=0.747). In the validation set, the LASSO model showed better outcomes in predicting LNM than Japanese criteria, as measured by AUROC (0.765 vs. 0.518, p=0.003) and NRI (0.447, p=0.039)/IDI (0.121, p=0.034). DCA showed positive net benefits in using our model. CONCLUSION Our LASSO model incorporating histopathologic parameters and TILs showed superior performance compared to conventional Japanese criteria in predicting LNM in patients with T1 CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Kang
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Choi
- Department of Pathology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Im-Kyung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hogeun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyuk Baik
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Kyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Young Lee
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ahmed ME, Falasiri S, Hajiran A, Chahoud J, Spiess PE. The Immune Microenvironment in Penile Cancer and Rationale for Immunotherapy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3334. [PMID: 33080912 PMCID: PMC7603091 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Penile cancer is an extremely rare malignancy that accounts for approximately 1% of cancer deaths in the United States every year. While primary penile cancer can be managed surgically, advanced and metastatic forms of the disease require more aggressive management plans with systemic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Despite the meaningful response to systemic treatments, the 2-year progression-free survival and disease-specific survival have shown disappointing results. Therefore, there is a crucial need for alternative treatment options with more favorable outcomes and a lower toxicity profile. There are currently extensive studies of tumor molecular biology and clinical trials with targeted molecular therapies, such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4. In this review, we will describe the penile cancer microenvironment, and summarize the rationale for immunotherapy in penile cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shayan Falasiri
- Department of Urology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Ali Hajiran
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.H.); (J.C.); (P.E.S.)
| | - Jad Chahoud
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.H.); (J.C.); (P.E.S.)
| | - Philippe E. Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.H.); (J.C.); (P.E.S.)
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Liu C, Chen B, Huang Z, Hu C, Jiang L, Zhao C. Comprehensive analysis of a 14 immune-related gene pair signature to predict the prognosis and immune features of gastric cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107074. [PMID: 33049494 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a new method for predicting tumor prognosis, the predictive effect of immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs) has been confirmed in several cancers, but there is no comprehensive analysis of the clinical significance of IRGPs in gastric cancer (GC). METHOD Clinical and gene expression profile data of GC patients were obtained from the GEO database. Based on the ImmPort database, differentially expressed immune-related gene (DEIRG) events were determined by a comparison of GC samples and adjacent normal samples. Cox proportional regression was used to construct an IRGP signature, and its availability was validated using three external validation datasets. In addition, we explored the association between clinical data and immune features and established a nomogram to predict outcomes in GC patients. RESULT A total of 88 DEIRGs were identified in GC from the training set, which formed 3828 IRGPs. Fourteen overall survival (OS)-related IRGPs were used to construct the prognostic signature. As a result, patients in the high-risk group exhibited poorer OS compared to those in the low-risk group. In addition, the fraction of CD8+ T cells, plasma cells, CD4 memory activated T cells, and M1 macrophages was higher in the high-risk group. Expression of two immune checkpoints, CD276 and VTCN1, was significantly higher in the high-risk group as well. Based on the independent prognostic factors, a nomogram was established and showed excellent performance. CONCLUSION The 14 OS-related IRGP signature was associated with OS, immune cells, and immune checkpoints in GC patients, and it could provide the basis for related immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Bo Chen
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhangheng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Chuan Hu
- Department of Joint Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Liqing Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Chengliang Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China.
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