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Bogut A, Stojanovic B, Jovanovic M, Dimitrijevic Stojanovic M, Gajovic N, Stojanovic BS, Balovic G, Jovanovic M, Lazovic A, Mirovic M, Jurisevic M, Jovanovic I, Mladenovic V. Galectin-1 in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Bridging Tumor Biology, Immune Evasion, and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15500. [PMID: 37958483 PMCID: PMC10650903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most challenging malignancies to treat, with a complex interplay of molecular pathways contributing to its aggressive nature. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of the galectin family, has emerged as a pivotal player in the PDAC microenvironment, influencing various aspects from tumor growth and angiogenesis to immune modulation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted role of Galectin-1 in PDAC. We delve into its contributions to tumor stroma remodeling, angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, and potential implications for therapeutic interventions. The challenges associated with targeting Gal-1 are discussed, given its pleiotropic functions and complexities in different cellular conditions. Additionally, the promising prospects of Gal-1 inhibition, including the utilization of nanotechnology and theranostics, are highlighted. By integrating recent findings and shedding light on the intricacies of Gal-1's involvement in PDAC, this review aims to provide insights that could guide future research and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bogut
- City Medical Emergency Department, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Bojan Stojanovic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.S.); (G.B.)
- Department of General Surgery, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Marina Jovanovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.J.); (V.M.)
| | | | - Nevena Gajovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Bojana S. Stojanovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Goran Balovic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Milan Jovanovic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandar Lazovic
- Department of General Surgery, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Milos Mirovic
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Kotor, 85330 Kotor, Montenegro;
| | - Milena Jurisevic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Violeta Mladenovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.J.); (V.M.)
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Ahmed R, Anam K, Ahmed H. Development of Galectin-3 Targeting Drugs for Therapeutic Applications in Various Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8116. [PMID: 37175823 PMCID: PMC10179732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal3) is one of the most studied members of the galectin family that mediate various biological processes such as growth regulation, immune function, cancer metastasis, and apoptosis. Since Gal3 is pro-inflammatory, it is involved in many diseases that are associated with chronic inflammation such as cancer, organ fibrosis, and type 2 diabetes. As a multifunctional protein involved in multiple pathways of many diseases, Gal3 has generated significant interest in pharmaceutical industries. As a result, several Gal3-targeting therapeutic drugs are being developed to address unmet medical needs. Based on the PubMed search of Gal3 to date (1987-2023), here, we briefly describe its structure, carbohydrate-binding properties, endogenous ligands, and roles in various diseases. We also discuss its potential antagonists that are currently being investigated clinically or pre-clinically by the public and private companies. The updated knowledge on Gal3 function in various diseases could initiate new clinical or pre-clinical investigations to test therapeutic strategies, and some of these strategies could be successful and recognized as novel therapeutics for unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hafiz Ahmed
- GlycoMantra Inc., Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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Čoma M, Manning JC, Kaltner H, Gál P. The sweet side of wound healing: galectins as promising therapeutic targets in hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation/remodeling. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:41-53. [PMID: 36716023 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2175318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the molecular and cellular processes involved in skin wound healing may pave the way for the development of innovative approaches to transforming the identified natural effectors into therapeutic tools. Based on the extensive involvement of the ga(lactoside-binding)lectin family in (patho)physiological processes, it has been well established that galectins are involved in a wide range of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. AREAS COVERED In the present paper, we provide an overview of the biological role of galectins in repair and regeneration, focusing on four main phases (hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation/remodeling) of skin repair using basic wound models (open excision vs. sutured incision). EXPERT OPINION The reported data make a strong case for directing further efforts to treat excisional and incisional wounds differently. Functions of galectins essentially result from their modular presentation. In fact, Gal-1 seems to play a role in the early phases of healing (anti-inflammatory) and wound contraction, Gal-3 accelerates re-epithelization and increases tensile strength (scar inductor). Galectins have also become subject of redesigning by engineering to optimize the activity. Clinically relevant, these new tools derived from the carbohydrate recognition domain platform may also prove helpful for other purposes, such as potent antibacterial agglutinins and opsonins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Čoma
- Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Inc, Košice, Slovak Republic.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Gál
- Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Inc, Košice, Slovak Republic.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic.,Prague Burn Center, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Hermenean A, Oatis D, Herman H, Ciceu A, D’Amico G, Trotta MC. Galectin 1-A Key Player between Tissue Repair and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105548. [PMID: 35628357 PMCID: PMC9142121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are ten family members of carbohydrate-binding proteins with a high affinity for β galactose-containing oligosaccharides. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is the first protein discovered in the family, expressed in many sites under normal and pathological conditions. In the first part of the review article, we described recent advances in the Gal-1 modulatory role on wound healing, by focusing on the different phases triggered by Gal-1, such as inflammation, proliferation, tissue repair and re-epithelialization. On the contrary, Gal-1 persistent over-expression enhances angiogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) production via PI3K/Akt pathway activation and leads to keloid tissue. Therefore, the targeted Gal-1 modulation should be considered a method of choice to treat wound healing and avoid keloid formation. In the second part of the review article, we discuss studies clarifying the role of Gal-1 in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, liver, renal, pancreatic and pulmonary fibrosis. This evidence suggests that Gal-1 may become a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of tissue fibrosis and a promising molecular target for the development of new and original therapeutic tools to treat fibrosis in different chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Hermenean
- Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania;
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania; (H.H.); (A.C.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela Oatis
- Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania;
| | - Hildegard Herman
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania; (H.H.); (A.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Alina Ciceu
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania; (H.H.); (A.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Giovanbattista D’Amico
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania; (H.H.); (A.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
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Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Regenerative Effects of Hyaluronan-Chitlac Mixture in Human Dermal Fibroblasts: A Skin Ageing Perspective. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091817. [PMID: 35566988 PMCID: PMC9105413 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the structural and functional modifications leading to skin ageing. The reduction of inflammation, cellular oxidation and dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations may prevent the ageing process. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of pro-inflammatory markers and ECM molecules in human dermal fibroblasts derived from young and middle-aged women and the effects of lactose-modified chitosan (Chitlac®, CTL), alone or in combination with mid-MW hyaluronan (HA), using an in vitro model of inflammation. To assess the response of macrophage-induced inflamed dermal fibroblasts to HA and CTL, changes in cell viability, pro-inflammatory mediators, MMPs and ECM molecules expression and intracellular ROS generation are analysed at gene and protein levels. The expression of pro-inflammatory markers, galectins, MMP-3 and ECM molecules is age-related. CTL, HA and their combination counteracted the oxidative damage, stimulating the expression of ECM molecules, and, when added to inflamed cells, restored the baseline levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, GAL-1, GAL-3 and MMP-3. In conclusion, HA and CTL mixture attenuated the macrophage-induced inflammation, inhibited the MMP-3 expression, exhibited the anti-oxidative effects and exerted a pro-regenerative effect on ECM.
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Porozan S, Alavinejad P, Mozafari J, Kazem Mousavi H, Delirrooyfard A. Serum Level of Galectin-3 in Early Detection of Acute Pancreatitis. Middle East J Dig Dis 2021; 13:350-355. [PMID: 36606007 PMCID: PMC9489453 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2021.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common cause of hospital admissions. Diagnosing AP in patients presenting to emergency departments remains a challenge for physicians. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of galectin-3 to find a new and effective method for detecting AP. METHODS In this prospective cross-sectional study, 43 patients with a manifestation of AP were enrolled. The serum levels of galectin-3 were measured at admission and 48 hours later and compared between the groups of patients with and without AP. RESULTS Serum levels of galectin-3 at admission and after 48 hours were significantly higher in AP cases compared with non-AP individuals. The area under the curve (AUC) for galectin-3 was 73.1%, which revealed a good accuracy in predicting the AP diagnosis. CONCLUSION Serum levels of galectin-3 at admission and after 48 hours were significantly higher in AP cases, and their diagnostic value was acceptable in the detection of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Porozan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Pezhman Alavinejad
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Javad Mozafari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hosein Kazem Mousavi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Delirrooyfard
- Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
,Corresponding Author: Ali Delirrooyfard, MD Address : Ahvaz,Azadegan St. Imam Khomeini Medical Center of Ahvaz, Ahvaz,Iran Tel : + 989173159418 Fax : + 986132225763
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Li M, Chen YB, Liu F, Qu JQ, Ren LC, Chai J, Tang CE. Galectin‑3 facilitates the proliferation and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via activation of the ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways, and is positively correlated with the inflammatory state of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:370. [PMID: 33760180 PMCID: PMC7986014 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial carcinoma originating from the nasopharyngeal mucosal tissue and is highly prevalent in southeast Asia. Galectin-3 (gal-3) serves crucial roles in many cancers but its role in NPC remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of gal-3 in NPC. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were used to determine the expression level of gal-3 in patients with NPC or chronic rhinitis (CR). Gal-3 short hairpin (sh)RNA was established to knockdown gal-3 in 5–8F and 6–10B cells, allowing for the evaluation of the roles of gal-3 in proliferation, migration and apoptosis in NPC cell lines. Immunohistochemistry staining of IL-6 and IL-8 was applied to access the inflammatory state of tumor tissues, and the correlation between the inflammatory state and gal-3 was analyzed. The results demonstrated that gal-3 was upregulated in patients with NPC compared with patients with CR. Knockdown of gal-3 inhibited proliferation and migration in 5-8F and 6-10B cells, as well as promoted apoptosis in these cells. The expression levels of MMP-9 and IL-8 were also decreased in 5-8F and 6-10B cells after transfection with gal-3 shRNA. A positive correlation was identified between the expression level of gal-3 and the inflammatory state of NPC. The phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and Akt were downregulated after knockdown of gal-3 in 5-8F and 6-10B cells. In conclusion, the expression level of gal-3 was upregulated in patients with NPC and was positively correlated with the inflammatory state of NPC. The results suggested that gal-3 promoted the proliferation and migration of 5-8F and 6-10B cells, while inhibiting the apoptosis of these cells. Moreover, activation of ERK1/2 and Akt may be the underlying mechanism of the effects of gal-3 on NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Institute of Medical Science Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yu Bin Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Fen Liu
- Institute of Medical Science Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jia Quan Qu
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Li Cheng Ren
- Department of Burn and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jin Chai
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Can E Tang
- Institute of Medical Science Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Cutine AM, Bach CA, Veigas F, Merlo JP, Laporte L, Manselle Cocco MN, Massaro M, Sarbia N, Perrotta RM, Mahmoud YD, Rabinovich GA. Tissue-specific control of galectin-1-driven circuits during inflammatory responses. Glycobiology 2021; 31:891-907. [PMID: 33498084 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of glycan-binding protein in immune tolerance and inflammation has been well established, mainly by studies of C-type lectins, siglecs and galectins both in experimental models and patient samples. Galectins, a family of evolutionarily conserved lectins, are characterized by sequence homology in the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD), atypical secretion via an ER-Golgi-independent pathway and the ability to recognize β-galactoside-containing saccharides. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of this family displays mainly anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities, although, similar to many cytokines and growth factors, it may also trigger paradoxical pro-inflammatory effects under certain circumstances. These dual effects could be associated to tissue-, time- or context-dependent regulation of galectin expression and function, including particular pathophysiologic settings and/or environmental conditions influencing the structure of this lectin, as well as the availability of glycosylated ligands in immune cells during the course of inflammatory responses. Here, we discuss the tissue-specific role of Gal-1 as a master regulator of inflammatory responses across different pathophysiologic settings, highlighting its potential role as a therapeutic target. Further studies designed at analyzing the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways that control Gal-1 expression and function in different tissue microenvironments may contribute to design tailored therapeutic strategies aimed at positively or negatively modulate this glycan-binding protein in pathologic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela M Cutine
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila A Bach
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Veigas
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joaquín P Merlo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena Laporte
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Montana N Manselle Cocco
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mora Massaro
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Sarbia
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ramiro M Perrotta
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yamil D Mahmoud
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Insulin Receptor Substrate p53 Ameliorates High-Glucose-Induced Activation of NF- κB and Impaired Mobility of HUVECs. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3210586. [PMID: 33506012 PMCID: PMC7806382 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3210586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes-related macrovascular and microvascular complications lead to poor prognosis. Insulin receptor substrate p53 (IRSp53) is known to act as a substrate for the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, but its role in endothelial dysfunction remains unclear. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with D-glucose at different concentrations and a streptozocin-induced rat diabetes mellitus (DM) model were used to investigate the effects of hyperglycemia on the expression levels of IRSp53 and galectin-3 (gal-3) and the inflammatory state and mobility of HUVECs. Thereafter, IRSp53-overexpressing HUVECs and IRSp53-knockdown HUVECs were established using IRSp53-overexpressing lentivirus or IRSp53-siRNA to explore the role of IRSp53 in the HUVEC inflammatory state and HUVEC mobility. D-glucose at high concentration (HG) and hyperglycemia were found to induce downregulation of IRSp53 and upregulation of gal-3 in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with HG resulted in activation of NF-κB in HUVECs and impaired HUVEC mobility. Insulin restored HG-induced changes in the expression levels of IRSp53 and gal-3 in HUVECs and protected the cells from NF-κB activation and impaired mobility. Overexpression of IRSp53 inhibited the activation of NF-κB in HUVECs and strengthened HUVEC migration. Knockdown of IRSp53 facilitated the activation of NF-κB in HUVECs and decreased HUVEC migration. However, neither overexpression nor knockdown of IRSp53 altered the effects of insulin on HG-induced detrimental changes in HUVECs. HG and hyperglycemia resulted in downregulation of IRSp53 in vitro and in vivo. IRSp53 is concluded to inhibit the activation of NF-κB in HUVECs and to strengthen HUVEC migration.
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Arda-Pirincci P, Aykol-Celik G. Galectin-1 reduces the severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis by suppressing inflammatory and oxidative stress response. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2020; 20:319-328. [PMID: 31999939 PMCID: PMC7416175 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2019.4539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease that affects a large number of people around the world. Galectin-1 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin with a broad range of biological activities. The effects of galectin-1 on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in vivo is not clear. We investigated the effect of galectin-1 on colon morphology, cell proliferation, oxidative stress, antioxidant system, and proinflammatory/antiinflammatory cytokines in a DSS-induced mouse model of ulcerative colitis. Thirty-two C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: control, acute colitis, galectin-1, and DSS+galectin-1. Controls were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for seven days. Acute colitis was induced by 3% DSS in drinking water administered orally for five days. Mice in galectin-1 groups were treated with 1 mg/kg recombinant human galectin-1 in PBS for seven consecutive days. Oral DSS administration resulted in acute colitis by causing histopathological changes; an increase in disease activity index (DAI), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels; a decrease in body weight, colon length, cell proliferation index, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and GSH and interleukin (IL)-10 levels. The treatment with galectin-1 attenuated DSS-induced acute colitis by reducing DAI, MDA, MPO, and TNF-α levels and by increasing body weight, colon length, cell proliferation, antioxidant enzyme activity, GSH, and IL-10 levels. These findings suggest that galectin-1 has proliferative, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and cytoprotective effects against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Due to its antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity galectin-1 may be effective in preventing and treating ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Arda-Pirincci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guliz Aykol-Celik
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Section of Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Manero-Rupérez N, Martínez-Bosch N, Barranco LE, Visa L, Navarro P. The Galectin Family as Molecular Targets: Hopes for Defeating Pancreatic Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E689. [PMID: 32168866 PMCID: PMC7140611 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of proteins that bind β-galactose residues through a highly conserved carbohydrate recognition domain. They regulate several important biological functions, including cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion, and play critical roles during embryonic development and cell differentiation. In adults, different galectin members are expressed depending on the tissue type and can be altered during pathological processes. Numerous reports have shown the involvement of galectins in diseases, mostly inflammation and cancer. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of the role that different galectin family members play in pancreatic cancer. This tumor is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the next decade as there is still no effective treatment nor accurate diagnosis for it. We also discuss the possible translation of recent results about galectin expression and functions in pancreatic cancer into clinical interventions (i.e., diagnosis, prediction of prognosis and/or therapy) for this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Manero-Rupérez
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Neus Martínez-Bosch
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Luis E Barranco
- Department of Gastroenterolgy, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Laura Visa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-IMIM-CIBERONC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Pilar Navarro
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
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12
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Böhme R, Becker C, Keil B, Damm M, Rasch S, Beer S, Schneider R, Kovacs P, Bugert P, Riedel J, Griesmann H, Ruffert C, Kaune T, Michl P, Hesselbarth N, Rosendahl J. Serum levels of advanced glycation end products and their receptors sRAGE and Galectin-3 in chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2020; 20:187-192. [PMID: 31870801 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND /Objectives: AGE and their receptors like RAGE and Galectin-3 can activate inflammatory pathways and have been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases. Several studies investigated the role of AGE, Galectin-3 and sRAGE in pancreatic diseases, whereas no comprehensive data for chronic pancreatitis (CP) are available. METHODS Serum samples from CP patients without an active inflammatory process (85 ACP; 26 NACP patients) and 40 healthy controls were collected. Levels of AGE, sRAGE and Galectin-3 were measured by ELISA. To exclude potential influences of previously described RAGE SNPs on detected serum levels, we analyzed variants rs207128, rs207060, rs1800625, and rs1800624 by melting curve technique in 378 CP patients and 338 controls. RESULTS AGE and Galectin-3 serum levels were significantly elevated in both ACP and NACP patients compared to controls (AGE: 56.61 ± 3.043 vs. 31.71 ± 2.308 ng/mL; p < 0.001; Galectin-3: 16.63 ± 0.6297 vs. 10.81 ± 0.4835 ng/mL; p < 0.001). In contrast, mean serum sRAGE levels were significantly reduced in CP patients compared to controls (sRAGE: 829.7 ± 37.10 vs. 1135 ± 55.74 ng/mL; p < 0.001). All results were consistent after correction for gender, age and diabetes mellitus. No genetic association with CP was found. CONCLUSIONS Our extensive analysis demonstrated the importance of aging related pathways in the pathogenesis of CP. As the results were consistent in ACP and NACP, both entities most likely share common pathomechanisms. Most probably the involved pathways are a general hallmark of an inflammatory state in CP that is even present in symptom-free intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Böhme
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Carla Becker
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Bettina Keil
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Marko Damm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rasch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beer
- Department for Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rick Schneider
- Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jan Riedel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Heidi Griesmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia Ruffert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Tom Kaune
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Patrick Michl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Nico Hesselbarth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany.
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13
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Elevated level of Galectin-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 273:103323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.103323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Arda-Pirincci P, Sacan O, Ozal-Coskun C, Aykol-Celik G, Karabulut-Bulan O, Yanardag R, Bolkent S. Galectin-1 exhibits a protective effect against hepatotoxicity induced by dextran sulfate sodium in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:423-432. [PMID: 31789064 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119891224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 is an important mediator that regulates the T-cell-mediated immune response. It has many other biological functions such as cell growth, immunomodulation, and wound healing. The aim of this study was to reveal the role of galectin-1 on liver morphology, cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress, and antioxidant system in colitis-mediated hepatotoxicity induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). In the present study, adult mice were divided into four groups: The control group intraperitoneally injected with phosphate buffer saline (I), the group which was orally administered with DSS (II), the control group which was injected with galectin-1 (III), and the group which was given DSS and galectin-1 (IV). DSS administration caused degenerative changes and diffuse necrotic damage, an increase in caspase-3 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, the levels of lipid peroxidation and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, lactate dehydrogenase, and myeloperoxidase activities, and a decrease in cell proliferation, interleukin-10 levels, and antioxidant system parameters in liver tissues. Treatment of DSS group with galectin-1 reversed these effects and prevented liver damage. This study showed that galectin-1 has proliferative, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects against DSS-induced liver injury in mice. It is expected considering all results of this study that galectin-1 may be useful as a protective agent against liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arda-Pirincci
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - O Sacan
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - C Ozal-Coskun
- Section of Biology, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G Aykol-Celik
- Section of Biology, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - O Karabulut-Bulan
- Division of General Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - R Yanardag
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Bolkent
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Chen L, Pan X, Zhang YH, Huang T, Cai YD. Analysis of Gene Expression Differences between Different Pancreatic Cells. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:6421-6435. [DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of PMMP, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaoyong Pan
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3014ZK, Netherlands
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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16
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Zhang M, Meng Q, Qi X, Han Q, Qi X, Wang F, Du B. Comparison of multiple biomarkers for mortality prediction in patients with acute heart failure of ischemic and nonischemic etiology. Biomark Med 2018; 12:1207-1217. [PMID: 30499308 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the prognosis of soluble ST2 (sST2), galectin-3 and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) for death related to ischemic and nonischemic etiology of acute heart failure (HF). Methods: The associations between biomarkers and death were determined in 1020 patients admitted to hospital with acute HF. Results: During 1-year follow-up, 162 patients died. Multivariable regression analysis showed that the hazard ratios of sST2 and NT-proBNP for 1-year all-cause death was similar and remained significant between ischemic and nonischemic HF patients. However, galectin-3 was not significantly associated with death when sST2 and NT-proBNP were incorporated into model in ischemic HF patients. Conclusion: There is no etiology dependent prognostic ability of NT-proBNP or ST2 in patients with acute HF, but for galectin-3 there is no added prognostic ability in ischemic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, PR China
| | - Qingmin Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, PR China
| | - Xinyan Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, PR China
| | - Qinfeng Han
- Department of Cardiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, PR China
| | - Ximei Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, PR China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, PR China
| | - Bo Du
- Department of Cardiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, PR China
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17
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Sciacchitano S, Lavra L, Morgante A, Ulivieri A, Magi F, De Francesco GP, Bellotti C, Salehi LB, Ricci A. Galectin-3: One Molecule for an Alphabet of Diseases, from A to Z. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020379. [PMID: 29373564 PMCID: PMC5855601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) regulates basic cellular functions such as cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, growth, proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation. It is not surprising, therefore, that this protein is involved in the pathogenesis of many relevant human diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, chronic inflammation and scarring affecting many different tissues. The papers published in the literature have progressively increased in number during the last decades, testifying the great interest given to this protein by numerous researchers involved in many different clinical contexts. Considering the crucial role exerted by Gal-3 in many different clinical conditions, Gal-3 is emerging as a new diagnostic, prognostic biomarker and as a new promising therapeutic target. The current review aims to extensively examine the studies published so far on the role of Gal-3 in all the clinical conditions and diseases, listed in alphabetical order, where it was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Sciacchitano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Lavra
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Morgante
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Ulivieri
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fiorenza Magi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gian Paolo De Francesco
- Department of Oncological Science, Breast Unit, St Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bellotti
- Operative Unit Surgery of Thyroid and Parathyroid, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Leila B Salehi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Ricci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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18
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Van Ry PM, Fontelonga TM, Barraza-Flores P, Sarathy A, Nunes AM, Burkin DJ. ECM-Related Myopathies and Muscular Dystrophies: Pros and Cons of Protein Therapies. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:1519-1536. [PMID: 28915335 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) myopathies and muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins that provide critical links between muscle cells and the extracellular matrix. These include structural proteins of the ECM, muscle cell receptors, enzymes, and intracellular proteins. Loss of adhesion within the myomatrix results in progressive muscle weakness. For many ECM muscular dystrophies, symptoms can occur any time after birth and often result in reduced life expectancy. There are no cures for the ECM-related muscular dystrophies and treatment options are limited to palliative care. Several therapeutic approaches have been explored to treat muscular dystrophies including gene therapy, gene editing, exon skipping, embryonic, and adult stem cell therapy, targeting genetic modifiers, modulating inflammatory responses, or preventing muscle degeneration. Recently, protein therapies that replace components of the defective myomatrix or enhance muscle and/or extracellular matrix integrity and function have been explored. Preclinical studies for many of these biologics have been promising in animal models of these muscle diseases. This review aims to summarize the ECM muscular dystrophies for which protein therapies are being developed and discuss the exciting potential and possible limitations of this approach for treating this family of devastating genetic muscle diseases. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1519-1536, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pam M Van Ry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Tatiana M Fontelonga
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Pamela Barraza-Flores
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Apurva Sarathy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Andreia M Nunes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA.,Departamento de Biologia Animal, Centro de Ecologia, Evolucao e Alteracoes Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dean J Burkin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
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19
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Fujiyama T, Ito T, Ueda K, Tachibana Y, Yasunaga K, Miki M, Takaoka T, Lee L, Kawabe K, Ogawa Y. Serum levels of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein reflect the severity of chronic pancreatitis. J Dig Dis 2017; 18:302-308. [PMID: 28421667 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the utility of serum Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein (WFA + -M2BP) level as a marker for chronic pancreatitis (CP). METHODS We measured the serum WFA+ -M2BP level of 74 patients with CP who had undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and 30 normal controls (NC) using a glycan sugar chain-based immunoassay and investigated the relationship between serum WFA+ -M2BP levels and the Cambridge classification of CP. RESULTS Serum WFA+ -M2BP level was significantly higher in patients with CP than in NC (0.64 ± 0.28 vs 0.34 ± 0.25, P < 0.001). The levels (expressed as cut-off index) of WFA+ -M2BP for the classification of mild, moderate and marked CP were 0.44, 0.63 and 0.87, respectively. Thus, serum WFA+ -M2BP levels increased with increasing CP severity. With a cut-off value of 0.34, 0.59 and 0.61, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity and specificity were 0.829, 91.9% and 63.3% for mild CP; 0.891, 81.8% and 85.0% for moderate CP; and 0.888, 92.0% and 74.7% for marked CP, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that elevated serum WFA+ -M2BP was independently associated with moderate and marked CP, respectively. CONCLUSION Serum WFA+ -M2BP level is a useful marker for grading CP severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Fujiyama
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuhide Ito
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keijiro Ueda
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tachibana
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Yasunaga
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masami Miki
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Takaoka
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Lingaku Lee
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Kawabe
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Dobiasch S, Szanyi S, Kjaev A, Werner J, Strauss A, Weis C, Grenacher L, Kapilov-Buchman K, Israel LL, Lellouche JP, Locatelli E, Franchini MC, Vandooren J, Opdenakker G, Felix K. Synthesis and functionalization of protease-activated nanoparticles with tissue plasminogen activator peptides as targeting moiety and diagnostic tool for pancreatic cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:81. [PMID: 27993133 PMCID: PMC5168863 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) are one promising tool for detecting specific molecular targets and combine molecular biology and nanotechnology aiming at modern imaging. We aimed at ligand-directed delivery with a suitable target-biomarker to detect early pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Promising targets are galectins (Gal), due to their strong expression in and on PDAC-cells and occurrence at early stages in cancer precursor lesions, but not in adjacent normal tissues. Results Molecular probes (10-29 AA long peptides) derived from human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) were selected as binding partners to galectins. Affinity constants between the synthesized t-PA peptides and Gal were determined by microscale thermophoresis. The 29 AA-long t-PA-peptide-1 with a lactose-functionalized serine revealed the strongest binding properties to Gal-1 which was 25-fold higher in comparison with the native t-PA protein and showed additional strong binding to Gal-3 and Gal-4, both also over-expressed in PDAC. t-PA-peptide-1 was selected as vector moiety and linked covalently onto the surface of biodegradable iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs). In particular, CAN-doped maghemite NPs (CAN-Mag), promising as contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were selected as magnetic core and coated with different biocompatible polymers, such as chitosan (CAN-Mag-Chitosan NPs) or polylactic co glycolic acid (PLGA) obtaining polymeric nanoparticles (CAN-Mag@PNPs), already approved for drug delivery applications. The binding efficacy of t-PA-vectorized NPs determined by exposure to different pancreatic cell lines was up to 90%, as assessed by flow cytometry. The in vivo targeting and imaging efficacy of the vectorized NPs were evaluated by applying murine pancreatic tumor models and assessed by 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The t-PA-vectorized NPs as well as the protease-activated NPs with outer shell decoration (CAN-Mag@PNPs-PEG-REGAcp-PEG/tPA-pep1Lac) showed clearly detectable drop of subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor staining-intensity indicating a considerable uptake of the injected NPs. Post mortem NP deposition in tumors and organs was confirmed by Fe staining of histopathology tissue sections. Conclusions The targeted NPs indicate a fast and enhanced deposition of NPs in the murine tumor models. The CAN-Mag@PNPs-PEG-REGAcp-PEG/tPA-pep1Lac interlocking steps strategy of NPs delivery and deposition in pancreatic tumor is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dobiasch
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Szilard Szanyi
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aleko Kjaev
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplantations-, Vascular- and Thorax-Surgery LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Albert Strauss
- Department of Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Weis
- Department of Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Grenacher
- Department of Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Diagnostik München, Diagnostic Imaging and Prevention Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Katya Kapilov-Buchman
- Nanomaterials Research Center, Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Liron-Limor Israel
- Nanomaterials Research Center, Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Jean-Paul Lellouche
- Nanomaterials Research Center, Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Erica Locatelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry Toso Montanari, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Comes Franchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry Toso Montanari, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jennifer Vandooren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Klaus Felix
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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21
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D'Haene N, Maris C, Sandras F, Dehou MF, Remmelink M, Decaestecker C, Salmon I. The Differential Expression of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in Normal Lymphoid Tissue and Non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's Lymphomas. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:431-43. [PMID: 16164826 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The WHO classification of lymphomas was established on the basis of clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical and genetic criteria. However, each entity displays its own spectrum of clinical aggressiveness. Treatment success varies widely and is not predictable. Since galectins are involved in oncogenesis and the physiology of immune cells, we investigated whether galectin-1 and galectin-3 immunohistochemical expression could differ in 25 normal lymphoid tissues, 42 non-Hodgkin's and 14 Hodgkin's lymphomas. Immunohistochemical galectin expression was submitted to semi-quantitative and quantitative (computer-assisted microscopy) evaluations. This study is completed by an analysis (by means of quantitative RT-PCR) of galectin-3 mRNA expression in 3 normal lymph nodes, 3 follicular lymphomas (FLs) and 3 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). The data show that in normal lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes do not express galectin-1 and rarely express galectin-3. In contrast, galectin-3 was expressed in 8 of the 16 DLBCL cases and in 1 of the 8 FL cases. Furthermore, galectin-3 mRNA was expressed 3-times more in the DLBCLs than in the FLs. While the blood vessel walls of the lymphomas expressed galectin-1, the vessel walls of normal lymphoid tissues did not. This expression of galectin-1 in blood vessel walls was correlated with vascular density. The present study thus shows that DLBCL can be distinguished from normal lymphoid tissue and other lymphomas on the basis of galectin-3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D'Haene
- Laboratory of Pathology, Erasmus University Hospital (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Zhang R, Zhang Y, An T, Guo X, Yin S, Wang Y, Januzzi JL, Cappola TP, Zhang J. Prognostic value of sST2 and galectin-3 for death relative to renal function in patients hospitalized for heart failure. Biomark Med 2016; 9:433-41. [PMID: 25985174 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the associations of soluble ST2 (sST2) and galectin-3 with death relative to renal function in patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS Eleven-hundred-and-sixty-one patients hospitalized for HF with 1-year follow up were enrolled for biomarkers analysis. RESULTS Patients were divided into two groups based on eGFR of either > or ≤60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). sST2 was independently associated with death in both categories of renal function, while galectin-3 lost this significance after addition of NT-proBNP to the model of patients with eGFR ≤60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). CONCLUSION In patients with HF, sST2 improved prediction for death beyond risk factors without being influenced by renal function, however, the prognostic value of galectin-3 is less clear below an eGFR of 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - James L Januzzi
- 2Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Thomas P Cappola
- 3Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Zhang D, Xu G, Zhang R, Zhu Y, Gao H, Zhou C, Sheng J, Huang H. Decreased expression of aquaporin 2 is associated with impaired endometrial receptivity in controlled ovarian stimulation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 28:499-506. [DOI: 10.1071/rd13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been evidence of decreased implantation rates with in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer due to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of COS on embryo implantation and the role of aquaporin 2 (AQP2). We recruited eight patients who underwent COS and 40 matched controls. Endometrial samples were collected on Day 4~8 after injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin in the COS group and in the mid-secretory phase in the control group. Human endometrial morphological changes after COS were examined and expression of AQP2, leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and integrin B3 (ITGB3) were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry in human endometrium and Ishikawa cells. Attachment rates were obtained using the embryo attachment test. The results showed that endometrial epithelial cells from the COS group were disrupted and lacked pinopodes. Messenger RNA and protein levels of AQP2, LIF and ITGB3 decreased in endometrial samples from the COS group. Knockdown of AQP2 resulted in reduced expression of LIF and ITGB3 and reduced embryo attachment rates. In conclusion, impaired endometrial receptivity in patients who underwent COS is correlated with a decreased expression of AQP2.
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Yao Y, Shen D, Chen R, Ying C, Wang C, Guo J, Zhang G. Galectin-3 Predicts Left Ventricular Remodeling of Hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2015; 18:506-11. [PMID: 26693954 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Yao
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine; The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; ZhenJiang City Jiangsu Province China
| | - Dongli Shen
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine; The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; ZhenJiang City Jiangsu Province China
| | - Rong Chen
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine; The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; ZhenJiang City Jiangsu Province China
| | - Chunyang Ying
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine; The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; ZhenJiang City Jiangsu Province China
| | - Chenghua Wang
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine; The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; ZhenJiang City Jiangsu Province China
| | - Junfang Guo
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine; The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; ZhenJiang City Jiangsu Province China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine; The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; ZhenJiang City Jiangsu Province China
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Ahmed H, AlSadek DMM. Galectin-3 as a Potential Target to Prevent Cancer Metastasis. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2015; 9:113-21. [PMID: 26640395 PMCID: PMC4662425 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s29462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between two cells or between cell and extracellular matrix mediated by protein–carbohydrate interactions play pivotal roles in modulating various biological processes such as growth regulation, immune function, cancer metastasis, and apoptosis. Galectin-3, a member of the β-galactoside-binding lectin family, is involved in fibrosis as well as cancer progression and metastasis, but the detailed mechanisms of its functions remain elusive. This review discusses its structure, carbohydrate-binding properties, and involvement in various aspects of tumorigenesis and some potential carbohydrate ligands that are currently investigated to block galectin-3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Ahmed
- President and Chief Scientific Officer, GlycoMantra, Inc., Aldie, VA, USA
| | - Dina M M AlSadek
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Prognostic value of galectin-3 in patients with heart failure. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:690205. [PMID: 25960597 PMCID: PMC4415488 DOI: 10.1155/2015/690205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of soluble β-galactoside-binding lectins that have important role in inflammation, immunity, and cancer. Galectin-3 as a part of this lectin family plays a very important role in development of heart failure. According to recent papers, galectin-3 plasma level correlates with heart failure outcome, primarily with rehospitalisation and death from heart failure. This paper summarizes the most recent advances in galectin-3 research, with the accent on the role of galectin-3 in pathophysiology of myocardial remodelling and heart failure development--with preserved and reduced ejection fraction, and some implication on development of new disease modifying drugs.
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Jin Lim M, Ahn J, Youn Yi J, Kim MH, Son AR, Lee SLO, Lim DS, Soo Kim S, Ae Kang M, Han Y, Song JY. Induction of galectin-1 by TGF-β1 accelerates fibrosis through enhancing nuclear retention of Smad2. Exp Cell Res 2014; 326:125-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Jiang K, Lawson D, Cohen C, Siddiqui MT. Galectin-3 and PTEN expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and gastrointestinal tumors on fine-needle aspiration cytology. Acta Cytol 2014; 58:281-7. [PMID: 24854395 DOI: 10.1159/000362221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Galectin-3 has been implicated in the carcinogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Its applicability in pancreatic fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in separating malignant from benign lesions has never been addressed. In addition, a correlation between Galectin-3 and tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and their potential diagnostic value has never been tested. STUDY DESIGN This study analyzed Galectin-3 immunohistochemical expression in FNA cell blocks of PDAC, pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNEN), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and non-tumor pancreatic tissue. In parallel, Galectin-3 and PTEN levels were evaluated in a tumor tissue microarray (TMA). RESULTS Forty-four of 46 PDAC FNA and 32 of 33 PDAC TMA demonstrated tumor-specific Galectin-3 positivity. In contrast, Galectin-3 was not detected in PNEN and GIST. Total loss of PTEN was displayed by 26 of 33 PDAC, while non-neoplastic tissues all retained PTEN expression. CONCLUSION Galectin-3 could be a valuable marker to help diagnose PDAC and rule out PNEN and GIST. In addition, PTEN positivity strongly argues against a diagnosis of PDAC. These data also advocate their potential diagnostic roles in the work up of challenging cytologic cases requiring ancillary test confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga., USA
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Tang D, Zhang J, Yuan Z, Gao J, Wang S, Ye N, Li P, Gao S, Miao Y, Wang D, Jiang K. Pancreatic satellite cells derived galectin-1 increase the progression and less survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90476. [PMID: 24595374 PMCID: PMC3942444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-1, a member of carbohydrate-binding proteins with a polyvalent function on tumor progression, was found strongly expressed in pancreatic satellite cells (PSCs), which partner in crime with cancer cells and promote the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We evaluated the effects of PSCs derived Galectin-1 on the progression of PDAC, as well as the tumor establishment and development in mouse xenografts. METHODS The relationship between immunohistochemistry staining intensity of Galectin-1 and clinicopathologic variables were assessed in 66 PDAC tissues, 18 chronic pancreatitis tissues and 10 normal controls. The roles of PSCs isolated from PDAC and normal pancreas on the proliferative activity, MMP2 and MMP9 expression, and the invasion of CFPAC-1 in the co-cultured system, as well as on the tumor establishment and development in mouse xenografts by mixed implanting with CFPAC-1 subcutaneously were evaluated. RESULTS Galectin-1 expression was gradually increased from normal pancreas (negative), chronic pancreatitis (weak) to PDAC (strong), in which Galectin-1 expression was also increased from well, moderately to poorly differentiated PDAC. Galectin-1 staining intensity of pancreatic cancer tissue was associated with increase in tumor size, lymph node metastasis, perineural invasion and differentiation and UICC stage, and served as the independent prognostic indicator of poor survival of pancreatic cancer. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that TGF-β1 upregulated Galectin-1 expression in PSCs, which could further promotes the proliferative activity, MMP2 and MMP9 expression, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, as well as the tumor establishment and growth. CONCLUSION Galectin-1 expression in stromal cells of pancreatic cancer suggests that this protein plays a role in the promotion of cancer cells invasion and metastasis and provides a therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingqiu Zhang
- Department of Digestive System, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhongxu Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui no. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sen Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University (the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nianyuan Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of General Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sujun Gao
- Department of Digestive System, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (Clinic Medical College of Yang Zhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (DW); (KJ)
| | - Kuirong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (DW); (KJ)
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The Emerging Role of Galectin-3 and ST2 in Heart Failure: Practical Considerations and Pitfalls Using Novel Biomarkers. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2013; 10:441-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11897-013-0169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Song S, Ji B, Ramachandran V, Wang H, Hafley M, Logsdon C, Bresalier RS. Overexpressed galectin-3 in pancreatic cancer induces cell proliferation and invasion by binding Ras and activating Ras signaling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42699. [PMID: 22900040 PMCID: PMC3416861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PDAC) is a lethal disease with a five-year survival of 3–5%. Mutations in K-Ras are found in nearly all cases, but K-Ras mutations alone are not sufficient for the development of PDAC. Additional factors contribute to activation of Ras signaling and lead to tumor formation. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a multifunctional β-galactoside-binding protein, is highly expressed in PDAC. We therefore investigated the functional role of Gal-3 in pancreatic cancer progression and its relationship to Ras signaling. Expression of Gal-3 was determined by immunohistochemistry, Q-PCR and immunoblot. Functional studies were performed using pancreatic cell lines genetically engineered to express high or low levels of Gal-3. Ras activity was examined by Raf pull-down assays. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were used to assess protein-protein interactions. In this study, we demonstrate that Gal-3 was highly up-regulated in human tumors and in a mutant K-Ras mouse model of PDAC. Down-regulation of Gal-3 by lentivirus shRNA decreased PDAC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and reduced tumor volume and size in an orthotopic mouse model. Gal-3 bound Ras and maintained Ras activity; down-regulation of Gal-3 decreased Ras activity as well as Ras down-stream signaling including phosphorylation of ERK and AKT and Ral A activity. Transfection of Gal-3 cDNA into PDAC cells with low-level Gal-3 augmented Ras activity and its down-stream signaling. These results suggest that Gal-3 contributes to pancreatic cancer progression, in part, by binding Ras and activating Ras signaling. Gal-3 may therefore be a potential novel target for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
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Grandin EW, Jarolim P, Murphy SA, Ritterova L, Cannon CP, Braunwald E, Morrow DA. Galectin-3 and the development of heart failure after acute coronary syndrome: pilot experience from PROVE IT-TIMI 22. Clin Chem 2011; 58:267-73. [PMID: 22110019 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2011.174359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that has been implicated in cardiac fibrosis and remodeling, is increased in models of failure-prone hearts, and has prognostic value in patients with heart failure (HF). The relationship between galectin-3 and the development of HF after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is unknown. METHODS In a nested case-control study among patients with ACS in PROVE IT-TIMI 22, we identified 100 cases with a hospitalization for new or worsening HF. Controls were matched (1:1) for age, sex, ACS type, and randomized treatment. Serum galectin-3 was measured at baseline (within 7 days post-ACS). RESULTS Patients who developed HF had higher baseline galectin-3 [median 16.7 μg/L (25th, 75th percentile 14.0, 20.6) vs 14.6 μg/L (12.0, 17.6), P=0.004]. Patients with baseline galectin-3 above the median had an odds ratio of 2.1 (95% CI 1.2-3.6) for developing HF, P=0.010. Galectin-3 showed a graded relationship with risk of HF. Cases were more likely to have hypertension, diabetes, prior MI, and prior HF; after adjustment for these factors, this graded relationship with galectin-3 quartile and HF remained significant [adjusted OR 1.4 (95% CI 1.1-1.9), P=0.020]. When BNP was added to the model, the relationship between galectin-3 and HF was attenuated [adjusted OR 1.3 (95% CI: 0.96-1.9), P=0.08]. CONCLUSIONS The finding that galectin-3 is associated with the risk of developing HF following ACS adds to emerging evidence supporting galectin-3 as a biomarker of adverse remodeling contributing to HF as well as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wilson Grandin
- TIMI Study Group, Department of Mediicne, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Mackinnon AC, Gibbons MA, Farnworth SL, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Delaine T, Simpson AJ, Forbes SJ, Hirani N, Gauldie J, Sethi T. Regulation of transforming growth factor-β1-driven lung fibrosis by galectin-3. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 185:537-46. [PMID: 22095546 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201106-0965oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic dysregulated response to alveolar epithelial injury with differentiation of epithelial cells and fibroblasts into matrix-secreting myofibroblasts resulting in lung scaring. The prognosis is poor and there are no effective therapies or reliable biomarkers. Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside binding lectin that is highly expressed in fibrotic tissue of diverse etiologies. OBJECTIVES To examine the role of galectin-3 in pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS We used genetic deletion and pharmacologic inhibition in well-characterized murine models of lung fibrosis. Further mechanistic studies were performed in vitro and on samples from patients with IPF. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis was dramatically reduced in mice deficient in galectin-3, manifest by reduced TGF-β1-induced EMT and myofibroblast activation and collagen production. Galectin-3 reduced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin but had no effect on Smad2/3 phosphorylation. A novel inhibitor of galectin-3, TD139, blocked TGF-β-induced β-catenin activation in vitro and in vivo and attenuated the late-stage progression of lung fibrosis after bleomycin. There was increased expression of galectin-3 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum from patients with stable IPF compared with nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis and controls, which rose sharply during an acute exacerbation suggesting that galectin-3 may be a marker of active fibrosis in IPF and that strategies that block galectin-3 may be effective in treating acute fibrotic exacerbations of IPF. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies galectin-3 as an important regulator of lung fibrosis and provides a proof of principle for galectin-3 inhibition as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C Mackinnon
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Gaida MM, Bach ST, Günther F, Baseras B, Tschaharganeh DF, Welsch T, Felix K, Bergmann F, Hänsch GM, Wente MN. Expression of galectin-3 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2011; 18:299-307. [PMID: 21910036 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-011-9444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 influences neoangiogenesis, tumor cell adhesion, and tumor-immune-escape mechanisms. Hence, the expression of galectin-3 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) was evaluated. Galectin-3 expression in PDAC cell lines was proven by the presence of intracellular protein and by release into the supernatant. Furthermore, galectin-3 was found in the majority of human tissue samples. Serum concentrations of galectin-3 in PDAC patients did not differ significantly from healthy donors and did not correlate with established tumor markers. In conclusion, galectin-3 is expressed in PDAC tissues suggesting a role in tumor development; however, no relationship between expression and clinical findings could be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Galectin-3 is a member of the galectin family, which consists of animal lectins that bind β-galactosides. Recently, a role for galectin-3 in the pathophysiology of heart failure has been suggested. It was observed that galectin-3 is specifically upregulated in decompensated heart failure compared with compensated heart failure in animal models of heart failure. This has been associated with activation of fibroblasts and macrophages, which are a hallmark of cardiac remodeling. Therefore, galectin-3 may be a culprit biomarker in heart failure. Initial clinical observations indicate that galectin-3 may be a useful biomarker for decompensated heart failure, with incremental value over well-used “pressure-dependent” biomarkers, such as B-type natriuretic peptide. Future studies should focus on galectin-3 biology to better address the usefulness of galectin-3 as a biomarker and probe the usefulness of anti-galectin-3 therapy in treating heart failure.
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Ong CT, Khoo YT, Mukhopadhyay A, Masilamani J, Do DV, Lim IJ, Phan TT. Comparative proteomic analysis between normal skin and keloid scar. Br J Dermatol 2010; 162:1302-15. [PMID: 20128793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C T Ong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Diaz JA, Ramacciotti E, Wakefield TW. Do galectins play a role in venous thrombosis? a review. Thromb Res 2009; 125:373-6. [PMID: 19959209 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins that have a high affinity to galactosides on cell surfaces and extra cellular glycoproteins. They are involved in a variety of biological functions, including modulation of cell apoptosis, cell activation and inflammation. Our laboratory has recently identified galectin-3 binding protein (Gal-3BP) as being up-regulated in a microparticle proteomics analysis for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) patients compared to negative controls. P-selectin, another glycoprotein involved in thrombus propagation, has proven a promising target for DVT management and has been widely studied by our group. Galectins are involved in P-selectin expression and can potentially be implicated in the venous thrombogenesis process. The function of galectins, their role in inflammation and thrombosis as well as their potential implications as a new pharmacological target for DVT management are reviewed in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Diaz
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, Section of Vascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Than NG, Kim SS, Abbas A, Han YM, Hotra J, Tarca AL, Erez O, Wildman DE, Kusanovic JP, Pineles B, Montenegro D, Edwin SS, Mazaki-Tovi S, Gotsch F, Espinoza J, Hassan SS, Papp Z, Romero R. Chorioamnionitis and increased galectin-1 expression in PPROM --an anti-inflammatory response in the fetal membranes? Am J Reprod Immunol 2009; 60:298-311. [PMID: 18691335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Galectin-1 can regulate immune responses upon infection and inflammation. We determined galectin-1 expression in the chorioamniotic membranes and its changes during histological chorioamnionitis. METHOD OF STUDY Chorioamniotic membranes were obtained from women with normal pregnancy (n = 5) and from patients with pre-term pre-labor rupture of the membranes (PPROM) with (n = 8) and without histological chorioamnionitis (n = 8). Galectin-1 mRNA and protein were localized by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Galectin-1 mRNA expression was also determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Galectin-1 mRNA and protein were detected in the amniotic epithelium, chorioamniotic fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and macrophages, chorionic trophoblasts, and decidual stromal cells. In patients with PPROM, galectin-1 mRNA expression in the fetal membranes was higher (2.07-fold, P = 0.002) in those with chorioamnionitis than in those without. Moreover, chorioamionitis was associated with a strong galectin-1 immunostaining in amniotic epithelium, chorioamniotic mesodermal cells, and apoptotic bodies. CONCLUSION Chorioamnionitis is associated with an increased galectin-1 mRNA expression and strong immunoreactivity of the chorioamniotic membranes; thus, galectin-1 may be involved in the regulation of the inflammatory responses to chorioamniotic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandor Gabor Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women's Hospital, 3990 John R, Box 4, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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de Boer RA, Voors AA, Muntendam P, van Gilst WH, van Veldhuisen DJ. Galectin-3: a novel mediator of heart failure development and progression. Eur J Heart Fail 2009; 11:811-7. [PMID: 19648160 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfp097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of soluble beta-galactoside-binding lectins that play many important regulatory roles in inflammation, immunity, and cancer. Recently, a role for galectin-3 in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) has been suggested. Numerous studies have demonstrated the up-regulation of galectin-3 in hypertrophied hearts, its stimulatory effect on macrophage migration, fibroblast proliferation, and the development of fibrosis. The latter observation is particularly relevant as cardiac remodelling is an important determinant of the clinical outcome of HF and is linked to disease progression and poor prognosis. Because galectin-3 expression is maximal at peak fibrosis and virtually absent after recovery, routine measurement in patients with HF may prove valuable to identify those patients at highest risk for readmission or death, thus enabling physicians to tailor the level of care to individual patient needs. This review summarizes the most recent advances in galectin-3 research, with an emphasis on the role galectin-3 plays in the development and progression of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Lippert E, Gunckel M, Brenmoehl J, Bataille F, Falk W, Scholmerich J, Obermeier F, Rogler G. Regulation of galectin-3 function in mucosal fibroblasts: potential role in mucosal inflammation. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 152:285-97. [PMID: 18336593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we identified galectin-3 (gal-3), which is secreted by colonic epithelial cells (CEC), to be a strong activator of colonic lamina propria fibroblasts (CLPF). Modulation of CLPF function may play a role during stricture and fistula formation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, we investigated further the expression of gal-3 and effects on CLPF. The aim of this study is to perform a direct comparison of gal-3 between tissue from healthy controls and from patients with either Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). CEC, CLPF and intestinal macrophages (IMAC) were isolated from control and IBD colonic tissue. Interleukin-8 secretion as a readout of CLPF activation was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gal-3 in cell cultures and tissue samples was evaluated by Western blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. CLPF-migration was assayed in the 48-well modified Boyden chamber. Gal-3 expression was found in all segments of the colon. In the terminal ileum, less gal-3 was found compared with the colon. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence revealed a homogenous distribution of gal-3 in CEC and IMAC of control mucosa and UC. However, significantly less gal-3 was found in IMAC from CD patients. In CD fistulae and stenoses, gal-3 expression was reduced significantly and barely detectable. In co-incubation studies lactose reduced significantly the CLPF-stimulatory potential of gal-3, indicating that the C-terminal domain of gal-3 is responsible for CLPF activation. Gal-3 stimulated CLPF migration in CLPF derived from fistulae. In conclusion, gal-3 expression is down-regulated in CD-fistulae and stenoses as well as in IMAC in CD patients. Gal-3 induces migration of CLPF derived from fistulae. Its role for stricture and fistula formation warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lippert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Neurokinin-2 receptor levels correlate with intensity, frequency, and duration of pain in chronic pancreatitis. Ann Surg 2007; 246:786-93. [PMID: 17968170 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e318070d56e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Generation and maintenance of pain in chronic pancreatitis (CP) have been shown to be partially attributable to neuroimmune interactions, which involve neuropeptides such as substance P (SP). So far, expression of SP receptors NK-2R, NK-3R, the SP-encoding gene preprotachykinin A (PPT-A), and the SP degradation enzyme neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and their relation to pain in CP have not been determined. METHODS Tissue samples from patients with CP (n = 25) and from healthy donors (n = 20) were analyzed for PPT-A, NK-2R, NK-3R, and NEP expression using quantitative RT-PCR. NEP protein levels were examined by immunoblot analysis and its localization was determined using immunohistochemistry. A scoring system was used to grade the extent of fibrosis on hematoxylin and eosin- and Masson-Trichrome-stained sections. Messenger RNA levels and the extent of pain were analyzed for correlations. RESULTS In CP tissues, NK-2R and PPT-A expression was increased, whereas NK-3R and NEP mRNA levels were comparable with normal pancreas. Overexpression of NK-2R was related to the intensity, frequency, and duration of pain in CP patients. NK-1R and NEP expression was significantly related to the extent of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Expression of NK-2R and PPT-A is increased in CP and is associated with pain. Failure to up-regulate NEP may contribute to the disruption of the neuropeptides loop balance in CP and thus may exacerbate the severe pain syndrome.
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Michalski CW, Autschbach F, Selvaggi F, Shi X, Di Mola FF, Roggo A, Müller MW, Di Sebastiano P, Büchler MW, Giese T, Friess H. Increase in substance P precursor mRNA in noninflamed small-bowel sections in patients with Crohn's disease. Am J Surg 2007; 193:476-81. [PMID: 17368292 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropeptides, such as substance P (SP), are mediators of neurogenic inflammation and play an important role in inflammatory disorders. To further investigate the role of the SP pathway in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we analyzed the following in normal intestinal tissue specimens and in tissue specimens from patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC): neurokinin receptor-1 (NK-1R); its isoforms (NK-1R-L and NK-1R-S); its ligand SP, encoded by preprotachykinin-A (PPT-A); and the SP-degradation enzyme, neutral endopeptidase (NEP). METHODS Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to simultaneously determine the expression of NK-1R-L, NK-1R-S, and PPT-A. Protein levels of NK-1R and NEP were determined by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS In noninflamed small-bowel tissue samples of CD patients, PPT-A mRNA expression was significantly increased, whereas there was no difference between inflamed or noninflamed UC and normal intestinal tissue samples. Examining subgroups of diverse intestinal segments from CD and UC samples with various levels of inflammation revealed no differences in NK-1R-L and NK-1R-S mRNA expression, whereas there was a tendency toward overall lower NK-1R-S mRNA copy numbers. Immunoblot analysis showed upregulation of NK-1R protein levels in cases of IBD, with more pronounced enhancement in cases of CD than in UC. For NEP, there were no differences in protein levels in normal, CD, and UC intestinal tissues. COMMENTS These observations suggest a contribution of SP and its receptor, NK-1R, in the local inflammatory reaction in IBD and particularly in ileal CD. Moreover, significant upregulation of PPT-A mRNA in the noninflamed ileum of these patients suggests an influence of inflamed intestines on their healthy counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph W Michalski
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Camby I, Le Mercier M, Lefranc F, Kiss R. Galectin-1: a small protein with major functions. Glycobiology 2006; 16:137R-157R. [PMID: 16840800 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwl025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 658] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins with an affinity for beta-galactosides. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is differentially expressed by various normal and pathological tissues and appears to be functionally polyvalent, with a wide range of biological activity. The intracellular and extracellular activity of Gal-1 has been described. Evidence points to Gal-1 and its ligands as one of the master regulators of such immune responses as T-cell homeostasis and survival, T-cell immune disorders, inflammation and allergies as well as host-pathogen interactions. Gal-1 expression or overexpression in tumors and/or the tissue surrounding them must be considered as a sign of the malignant tumor progression that is often related to the long-range dissemination of tumoral cells (metastasis), to their dissemination into the surrounding normal tissue, and to tumor immune-escape. Gal-1 in its oxidized form plays a number of important roles in the regeneration of the central nervous system after injury. The targeted overexpression (or delivery) of Gal-1 should be considered as a method of choice for the treatment of some kinds of inflammation-related diseases, neurodegenerative pathologies and muscular dystrophies. In contrast, the targeted inhibition of Gal-1 expression is what should be developed for therapeutic applications against cancer progression. Gal-1 is thus a promising molecular target for the development of new and original therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Camby
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Free University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Caillou B. Ductal Metaplasia in Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis as a Manifestation of Phylogenic Regression to an Exocrine Structure. Am J Surg Pathol 2006; 30:774-81. [PMID: 16723858 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200606000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
From a morphologic and functional point of view the thyroid can be considered as both an exocrine and endocrine organ. Firstly, thyroglobulin is secreted at the apical pole of the thyrocyte. Secondly, after endocytosis thyroglobulin is lysed and T3 and T4 are secreted at the basal pole into the bloodstream. However, usually exocrine glands are constituted of 2 well separate components: an acinus/alveolar component and an exocrine duct component. Under particular conditions such as chronic injury the acinus/alveolar component is rapidly destroyed, whereas the ductal component seems to be far more resistant and can proliferate giving rise to a tubular network described as "ductulus reaction" or "ductal metaplasia." Normal exocrine ducts and metaplastic ducts exhibit common genetic and phenotypic features directly related to their tubular morphology. In this study, we describe in lymphocytic autoimmune thyroiditis the appearance of ductal-like structures which displayed the features of ductal metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Caillou
- Department of Pathology, Institut Gustave-Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France.
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Masamune A, Satoh M, Hirabayashi J, Kasai K, Satoh K, Shimosegawa T. Galectin-1 induces chemokine production and proliferation in pancreatic stellate cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 290:G729-36. [PMID: 16373424 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00511.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-1 is a beta-galactoside-binding lectin. Previous studies have shown that galectin-1 was expressed in fibroblasts of chronic pancreatitis and of desmoplastic reaction associated with pancreatic cancer. These fibroblasts are now recognized as activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Here, we examined the role of galectin-1 in cell functions of PSCs. PSCs were isolated from rat pancreatic tissue and used in their culture-activated phenotype unless otherwise stated. Expression of galectin-1 was assessed by Western blot analysis, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescent staining. The effects of recombinant galectin-1 on chemokine production and proliferation were evaluated. Activation of transcription factors was assessed by EMSA. Activation of MAPKs was examined by Western blot analysis using anti-phosphospecific antibodies. Galectin-1 was strongly expressed in culture-activated but not freshly isolated PSCs. Recombinant galectin-1 increased proliferation and production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1. Galectin-1 activated ERK, JNK, activator protein-1, and NF-kappaB, but not p38 MAPK or Akt. Galectin-1 induced proliferation through ERK and chemokine production mainly through the activation of NF-kappaB and in part by JNK and ERK pathways. These effects of galectin-1 were abolished in the presence of thiodigalactosie, an inhibitor of beta-galactoside binding. In conclusion, our results suggest a role of galectin-1 in chemokine production and proliferation through its beta-galactoside binding activity in activated PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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