1
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Jin X, Ng V, Zhao M, Liu L, Higashimoto T, Lee ZH, Chung J, Chen V, Ney G, Kandarpa M, Talpaz M, Li Q. Epigenetic downregulation of Socs2 contributes to mutant N-Ras-mediated hematopoietic dysregulation. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274899. [PMID: 35352806 PMCID: PMC9092650 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS mutations occur in a broad spectrum of human hematopoietic malignancies. Activating Ras mutations in blood cells leads to hematopoietic malignancies in mice. In murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mutant N-RasG12D activates Stat5 to dysregulate stem cell function. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that Stat5 activation induced by a hyperactive Nras mutant, G12D, is dependent on Jak2 activity. Jak2 is activated in Nras mutant HSCs and progenitors (HSPCs), and inhibiting Jak2 with ruxolitinib significantly decreases Stat5 activation and HSPC hyper-proliferation in vivo in NrasG12D mice. Activation of Jak2-Stat5 is associated with downregulation of Socs2, an inhibitory effector of Jak2/Stat5. Restoration of Socs2 blocks NrasG12D HSC reconstitution in bone marrow transplant recipients. SOCS2 downregulation is also observed in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells that carry RAS mutations. RAS mutant AML cells exhibited suppression of the enhancer active marker H3K27ac at the SOCS2 locus. Finally, restoration of SOCS2 in RAS mutant AML cells mitigated leukemic growth. Thus, we discovered a novel signaling feedback loop whereby hyperactive Ras signaling activates Jak2/Stat5 via suppression of Socs2. Summary: Jak2/Stat5 is often considered to be parallel to or upstream of Ras signaling. We have discovered a novel signaling feedback loop whereby hyperactive Ras signaling activates Jak2/Stat5 via suppression of Socs2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Victor Ng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Meiling Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tomoyasu Higashimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zheng Hong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jooho Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Victor Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gina Ney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Malathi Kandarpa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Moshe Talpaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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2
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Li WY, Fu XM, Wang ZD, Li ZG, Ma D, Sun P, Liu GB, Zhu XF, Wang Y. Krüppel-like factor 7 attenuates hippocampal neuronal injury after traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:661-672. [PMID: 34380908 PMCID: PMC8504401 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.320991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study has shown that the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 7 (KLF7) promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and motor function recovery after spinal cord injury. KLF7 also participates in traumatic brain injury, but its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, an HT22 cell model of traumatic brain injury was established by stretch injury and oxygen-glucose deprivation. These cells were then transfected with an adeno-associated virus carrying KLF7 (AAV-KLF7). The results revealed that, after stretch injury and oxygen-glucose deprivation, KLF7 greatly reduced apoptosis, activated caspase-3 and lactate dehydrogenase, downregulated the expression of the apoptotic markers B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3, and increased the expression of βIII-tubulin and the antiapoptotic marker Bcl-2. Furthermore, KLF7 overexpression upregulated Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in HT22 cells treated by stretch injury and oxygen-glucose deprivation. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that KLF7 directly participated in the phosphorylation of STAT3. In addition, treatment with AG490, a selective inhibitor of JAK2/STAT3, weakened the protective effects of KLF7. A mouse controlled cortical impact model of traumatic brain injury was then established. At 30 minutes before modeling, AAV-KLF7 was injected into the ipsilateral lateral ventricle. The protein and mRNA levels of KLF7 in the hippocampus were increased at 1 day after injury and recovered to normal levels at 3 days after injury. KLF7 reduced ipsilateral hippocampal atrophy, decreased the injured cortex volume, downregulated Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression, and increased the number of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-positive neurons and Bcl-2 protein expression. Moreover, KLF7 transfection greatly enhanced the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in the ipsilateral hippocampus. These results suggest that KLF7 may protect hippocampal neurons after traumatic brain injury through activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Mudanjiang Medical University, China (approval No. mdjyxy-2018-0012) on March 6, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Li
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Fu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mudanjiang City Second People’s Hospital, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Li
- The First Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Duo Ma
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Gui-Bo Liu
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
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3
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Tognon R, Almeida-E-Silva DC, Andraos-Rey R, Ristov M, Ambrósio L, de Almeida FC, de Souza Nunes N, Xisto Souto E, de Lourdes Perobelli L, Simões BP, Alexander Guthy D, Radimerski T, Attié de Castro F. A proteomic study of myeloproliferative neoplasms using reverse-phase protein arrays. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:3052-3065. [PMID: 32799592 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1805110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythaemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis constitute a group of haematological diseases. The comprehensive assessment of signaling pathway activation in blood cells may aid the understanding of MPN pathophysiology. Thus, levels of post-translational protein modifications and total protein expression were determined in MPN patients and control leukocytes by using reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPA). Compared to control samples, p-SRC, p-CTNNB1, c-MYC, MCL-1, p-MDM2, BAX and CCNB1 showed higher expression in PV samples than controls. P-JAK2/JAK2 and pro-apoptotic BIM showed differential expression between JAK2V617F-positive and -negative ET patients. Apoptosis, cancer and PI3K/AKT pathways proteins showed differential expression among the studied groups. For most of the proteins analyzed using Western-Blot and RPPA, RPPA showed higher sensitivity to detect subtle differences. Taken together, our data indicate deregulated protein expression in MPN patients compared to controls. Thus, RPPA may be a useful method for broad proteome analysis in MPN patients´ leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Tognon
- Departmento de Análises Clínicas Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Farmácia, Instituto Ciências da Vida, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora/Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Danillo C Almeida-E-Silva
- LabPIB, Department of Computing and Mathematics FFCLRP-USP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rita Andraos-Rey
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mitko Ristov
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luciana Ambrósio
- Departmento de Análises Clínicas Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Campos de Almeida
- Departmento de Análises Clínicas Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália de Souza Nunes
- Departmento de Análises Clínicas Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Xisto Souto
- Hospital Estadual de Transplantes Euryclides de Jesus Zerbini of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Belinda Pinto Simões
- Departamento de Clínica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Thomas Radimerski
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabíola Attié de Castro
- Departmento de Análises Clínicas Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Subotički T, Mitrović Ajtić O, Beleslin-Čokić BB, Bjelica S, Djikić D, Diklić M, Leković D, Gotić M, Santibanez JF, Noguchi CT, Čokić VP. IL-6 stimulation of DNA replication is JAK1/2 mediated in cross-talk with hyperactivated ERK1/2 signaling. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:192-206. [PMID: 30571852 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are developing resistance to therapy by JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. To explore the mechanism of ruxolitinib's limited effect, we examined the JAK1/2 mediated induction of proliferation related ERK1/2 and AKT signaling by proinflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) in MPN granulocytes and JAK2V617F mutated human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells. We found that JAK1/2 or JAK2 inhibition prevented the IL-6 activation of STAT3 and AKT pathways in polycythemia vera and HEL cells. Further, we showed that these inhibitors also blocked the IL-6 activation of the AKT pathway in primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Only JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib largely activated ERK1/2 signaling in essential thrombocythemia and PMF (up to 4.6 fold), with a more prominent activation in JAK2V617F positive granulocytes. Regarding a cell cycle, we found that IL-6 reduction of HEL cells percentage in G2M phase was reversed by ruxolitinib (2.6 fold). Moreover, ruxolitinib potentiated apoptosis of PMF granulocytes (1.6 fold). Regarding DNA replication, we found that ruxolitinib prevented the IL-6 augmentation of MPN granulocytes frequency in the S phase of the cell cycle (up to 2.9 fold). The inflammatory stimulation induces a cross-talk between the proliferation linked pathways, where JAK1/2 inhibition is compensated by the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway during IL-6 stimulation of DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Subotički
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Mitrović Ajtić
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana B Beleslin-Čokić
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Genetic Laboratory, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sunčica Bjelica
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragoslava Djikić
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Diklić
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Leković
- Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Gotić
- Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan F Santibanez
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, General Gana 1780, Santiago, 8370854, Chile
| | - Constance T Noguchi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vladan P Čokić
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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5
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Celik H, Koh WK, Kramer AC, Ostrander EL, Mallaney C, Fisher DAC, Xiang J, Wilson WC, Martens A, Kothari A, Fishberger G, Tycksen E, Karpova D, Duncavage EJ, Lee Y, Oh ST, Challen GA. JARID2 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor in Myeloid Neoplasms by Repressing Self-Renewal in Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:741-756.e8. [PMID: 30423295 PMCID: PMC6237100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
How specific genetic lesions contribute to transformation of non-malignant myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) are poorly understood. JARID2 is lost by chromosomal deletions in a proportion of MPN/MDS cases that progress to sAML. In this study, genetic mouse models and patient-derived xenografts demonstrated that JARID2 acts as a tumor suppressor in chronic myeloid disorders. Genetic deletion of Jarid2 either reduced overall survival of animals with MPNs or drove transformation to sAML, depending on the timing and context of co-operating mutations. Mechanistically, JARID2 recruits PRC2 to epigenetically repress self-renewal pathways in hematopoietic progenitor cells. These studies establish JARID2 as a bona fide hematopoietic tumor suppressor and highlight potential therapeutic targets.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Self Renewal/genetics
- Cell Self Renewal/physiology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/pathology
- N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein/metabolism
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 2/genetics
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 2/metabolism
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Celik
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Won Kyun Koh
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ashley C Kramer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Ostrander
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cates Mallaney
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel A C Fisher
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jingyu Xiang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - William C Wilson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew Martens
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alok Kothari
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gregory Fishberger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eric Tycksen
- Genome Technology Access Center, Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Darja Karpova
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eric J Duncavage
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Stephen T Oh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Grant A Challen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Developmental, Regenerative and Stem Cell Biology Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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6
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Zhao B, Mei Y, Cao L, Zhang J, Sumagin R, Yang J, Gao J, Schipma MJ, Wang Y, Thorsheim C, Zhao L, Stalker T, Stein B, Wen QJ, Crispino JD, Abrams CS, Ji P. Loss of pleckstrin-2 reverts lethality and vascular occlusions in JAK2V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms. J Clin Invest 2017; 128:125-140. [PMID: 29202466 DOI: 10.1172/jci94518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
V617F driver mutation of JAK2 is the leading cause of the Philadelphia-chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Although thrombosis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in MPNs, the mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis are unclear. Here, we identified pleckstrin-2 (Plek2) as a downstream target of the JAK2/STAT5 pathway in erythroid and myeloid cells, and showed that it is upregulated in a JAK2V617F-positive MPN mouse model and in patients with MPNs. Loss of Plek2 ameliorated JAK2V617F-induced myeloproliferative phenotypes including erythrocytosis, neutrophilia, thrombocytosis, and splenomegaly, thereby reverting the widespread vascular occlusions and lethality in JAK2V617F-knockin mice. Additionally, we demonstrated that a reduction in red blood cell mass was the main contributing factor in the reversion of vascular occlusions. Thus, our study identifies Plek2 as an effector of the JAK2/STAT5 pathway and a key factor in the pathogenesis of JAK2V617F-induced MPNs, pointing to Plek2 as a viable target for the treatment of MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and.,The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yang Mei
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and.,The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lan Cao
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and.,The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and.,The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and.,The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Juehua Gao
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and.,The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew J Schipma
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chelsea Thorsheim
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy Stalker
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brady Stein
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qiang Jeremy Wen
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John D Crispino
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Charles S Abrams
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and.,The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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7
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Li Y, Shi X, Li J, Zhang M, Yu B. Knockdown of KLF11 attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via JAK2/STAT3 signaling in H9c2. Apoptosis 2016; 22:510-518. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Soubere Mahamoud Y, Aite M, Martin C, Zhadobov M, Sauleau R, Le Dréan Y, Habauzit D. Additive Effects of Millimeter Waves and 2-Deoxyglucose Co-Exposure on the Human Keratinocyte Transcriptome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160810. [PMID: 27529420 PMCID: PMC4986955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Millimeter Waves (MMW) will be used in the next-generation of high-speed wireless technologies, especially in future Ultra-Broadband small cells in 5G cellular networks. Therefore, their biocompatibilities must be evaluated prior to their massive deployment. Using a microarray-based approach, we analyzed modifications to the whole genome of a human keratinocyte model that was exposed at 60.4 GHz-MMW at an incident power density (IPD) of 20 mW/cm2 for 3 hours in athermic conditions. No keratinocyte transcriptome modifications were observed. We tested the effects of MMWs on cell metabolism by co-treating MMW-exposed cells with a glycolysis inhibitor, 2-deoxyglucose (2dG, 20 mM for 3 hours), and whole genome expression was evaluated along with the ATP content. We found that the 2dG treatment decreased the cellular ATP content and induced a high modification in the transcriptome (632 coding genes). The affected genes were associated with transcriptional repression, cellular communication and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. The MMW/2dG co-treatment did not alter the keratinocyte ATP content, but it did slightly alter the transcriptome, which reflected the capacity of MMW to interfere with the bioenergetic stress response. The RT-PCR-based validation confirmed 6 MMW-sensitive genes (SOCS3, SPRY2, TRIB1, FAM46A, CSRNP1 and PPP1R15A) during the 2dG treatment. These 6 genes encoded transcription factors or inhibitors of cytokine pathways, which raised questions regarding the potential impact of long-term or chronic MMW exposure on metabolically stressed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonis Soubere Mahamoud
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset - Inserm UMR 1085), Transcription, Environment and Cancer group (TREC), Rennes, France.,University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,University of Djibouti, Djibouti City, Djibouti
| | - Meziane Aite
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset - Inserm UMR 1085), Transcription, Environment and Cancer group (TREC), Rennes, France.,University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Martin
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset - Inserm UMR 1085), Transcription, Environment and Cancer group (TREC), Rennes, France.,University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Maxim Zhadobov
- University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications of Rennes (IETR), UMR CNRS 6164, Rennes, France
| | - Ronan Sauleau
- University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications of Rennes (IETR), UMR CNRS 6164, Rennes, France
| | - Yves Le Dréan
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset - Inserm UMR 1085), Transcription, Environment and Cancer group (TREC), Rennes, France.,University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Denis Habauzit
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset - Inserm UMR 1085), Transcription, Environment and Cancer group (TREC), Rennes, France.,University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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9
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Microarray and Proteomic Analyses of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms with a Highlight on the mTOR Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135463. [PMID: 26275051 PMCID: PMC4537205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene and protein expression profiles in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) may reveal gene and protein markers of a potential clinical relevance in diagnosis, treatment and prediction of response to therapy. Using cDNA microarray analysis of 25,100 unique genes, we studied the gene expression profile of CD34+ cells and granulocytes obtained from peripheral blood of subjects with essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The microarray analyses of the CD34+ cells and granulocytes were performed from 20 de novo MPN subjects: JAK2 positive ET, PV, PMF subjects, and JAK2 negative ET/PMF subjects. The granulocytes for proteomic studies were pooled in 4 groups: PV with JAK2 mutant allele burden above 80%, ET with JAK2 mutation, PMF with JAK2 mutation and ET/PMF with no JAK2 mutation. The number of differentially regulated genes was about two fold larger in CD34+ cells compared to granulocytes. Thirty-six genes (including RUNX1, TNFRSF19) were persistently highly expressed, while 42 genes (including FOXD4, PDE4A) were underexpressed both in CD34+ cells and granulocytes. Using proteomic studies, significant up-regulation was observed for MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling regulators that control myeloid cell apoptosis and proliferation: RAC2, MNDA, S100A8/9, CORO1A, and GNAI2. When the status of the mTOR signaling pathway related genes was analyzed, PI3K/AKT regulators were preferentially up-regulated in CD34+ cells of MPNs, with down-regulated major components of the protein complex EIF4F. Molecular profiling of CD34+ cells and granulocytes of MPN determined gene expression patterns beyond their recognized function in disease pathogenesis that included dominant up-regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling.
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10
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Lancellotti S, Dragani A, Ranalli P, Petrucci G, Basso M, Tartaglione R, Rocca B, De Cristofaro R. Qualitative and quantitative modifications of von Willebrand factor in patients with essential thrombocythemia and controlled platelet count. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1226-37. [PMID: 25876231 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is characterized by increased platelets and prevalent thrombosis. An acquired von Willebrand factor (VWF) disease has been hypothesized and inconsistently associated with extreme thrombocytosis or rare bleeding in ET. Whether VWF is modified in ET patients with controlled platelet count remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We studied different VWF- and platelet-associated parameters in ET patients treated according to current recommendations. PATIENTS/METHODS Sixty-nine ET patients (M = 29; median age, 62 [48-70] years; platelets, 432 [337-620] × 10(3) μL(-1) ), 69 matched controls and 10 subjects with reactive thrombocytosis (RT) were studied. VWF:antigen (Ag), activity (act), electrophoretic patterns, VWF:propeptide, plasma glycocalycin (GC), glycoproteinV (GpV), ADAMTS-13, elastase, C-reactive protein and serum thromboxane (TX)B2 were measured. RESULTS In ET patients, VWF:Ag was increased by 31 ± 13% vs. controls (P < 0.01), without dependence of blood groups, while VWF:act was reduced by 21 ± 12% vs. controls and by 50 ± 24% vs. RT (P < 0.01). The VWF:act/VWF:Ag ratios in ET were reduced by 35 ± 17% vs. controls and RT patients (P < 0.001) and significantly associated with: immature or total platelet counts, GC, GpV and TXB2 . In multivariable analysis, only GC inversely predicted ET patients' VWF:act/VWF:Ag ratios (β = -0.42, P = 0.01). By electrophoresis analyses, high-molecular-weight VWF multimers were variably reduced with atypical cleavage bands in ET only. VWF:propeptide, ADAMTS-13 and elastase levels were normal in ET patients. Platelet-associated ADAM-10 and ADAM-17 hydrolyzed VWFm in vitro, showing patterns similar to those in ET samples. CONCLUSIONS In ET patients with controlled platelet counts, the VWF:act/VWF:Ag ratio is decreased and predicted by GC, a product of platelet activation. ADAM-10 and/or ADAM-17 might be involved. In vivo platelet activation, which characterizes ET, might contribute to disease-specific VWF alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lancellotti
- Center for Haemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Catholic University School of Medicine, 'A. Gemelli' Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A Dragani
- Center for Haemorrhagic, Thrombotic and Rare Hematologic Diseases, Spirito Santo Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - P Ranalli
- Center for Haemorrhagic, Thrombotic and Rare Hematologic Diseases, Spirito Santo Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - G Petrucci
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - M Basso
- Center for Haemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Catholic University School of Medicine, 'A. Gemelli' Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - R Tartaglione
- Institute of Haematology, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - B Rocca
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - R De Cristofaro
- Center for Haemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Catholic University School of Medicine, 'A. Gemelli' Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Kollmann K, Nangalia J, Warsch W, Quentmeier H, Bench A, Boyd E, Scott M, Drexler HG, Green AR. MARIMO cells harbor a CALR mutation but are not dependent on JAK2/STAT5 signaling. Leukemia 2014; 29:494-7. [PMID: 25249012 PMCID: PMC4320290 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Kollmann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Nangalia
- 1] Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK [2] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [3] Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - W Warsch
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Quentmeier
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A Bench
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Boyd
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Scott
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - H G Drexler
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A R Green
- 1] Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK [2] Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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12
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Integrated genomic analysis illustrates the central role of JAK-STAT pathway activation in myeloproliferative neoplasm pathogenesis. Blood 2014; 123:e123-33. [PMID: 24740812 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-02-554634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic studies have identified somatic alterations in the majority of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) patients, including JAK2 mutations in the majority of MPN patients and CALR mutations in JAK2-negative MPN patients. However, the role of JAK-STAT pathway activation in different MPNs, and in patients without JAK2 mutations, has not been definitively delineated. We used expression profiling, single nucleotide polymorphism arrays, and mutational profiling to investigate a well-characterized cohort of MPN patients. MPN patients with homozygous JAK2V617F mutations were characterized by a distinctive transcriptional profile. Notably, a transcriptional signature consistent with activated JAK2 signaling is seen in all MPN patients regardless of clinical phenotype or mutational status. In addition, the activated JAK2 signature was present in patients with somatic CALR mutations. Conversely, we identified a gene expression signature of CALR mutations; this signature was significantly enriched in JAK2-mutant MPN patients consistent with a shared mechanism of transformation by JAK2 and CALR mutations. We also identified a transcriptional signature of TET2 mutations in MPN patent samples. Our data indicate that MPN patients, regardless of diagnosis or JAK2 mutational status, are characterized by a distinct gene expression signature with upregulation of JAK-STAT target genes, demonstrating the central importance of the JAK-STAT pathway in MPN pathogenesis.
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13
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Hasselbalch HC, Skov V, Stauffer Larsen T, Thomassen M, Hasselbalch Riley C, Jensen MK, Bjerrum OW, Kruse TA. Transcriptional profiling of whole blood identifies a unique 5-gene signature for myelofibrosis and imminent myelofibrosis transformation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85567. [PMID: 24454890 PMCID: PMC3890316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying a distinct gene signature for myelofibrosis may yield novel information of the genes, which are responsible for progression of essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera towards myelofibrosis. We aimed at identifying a simple gene signature – composed of a few genes - which were selectively and highly deregulated in myelofibrosis patients. Gene expression microarray studies have been performed on whole blood from 69 patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Amongst the top-20 of the most upregulated genes in PMF compared to controls, we identified 5 genes (DEFA4, ELA2, OLFM4, CTSG, and AZU1), which were highly significantly deregulated in PMF only. None of these genes were significantly regulated in ET and PV patients. However, hierarchical cluster analysis showed that these genes were also highly expressed in a subset of patients with ET (n = 1) and PV (n = 4) transforming towards myelofibrosis and/or being featured by an aggressive phenotype. We have identified a simple 5-gene signature, which is uniquely and highly significantly deregulated in patients in transitional stages of ET and PV towards myelofibrosis and in patients with PMF only. Some of these genes are considered to be responsible for the derangement of bone marrow stroma in myelofibrosis. Accordingly, this gene-signature may reflect key processes in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of myelofibrosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Carl Hasselbalch
- Department of Hematology, Roskilde Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- * E-mail: .
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Morten K. Jensen
- Department of Hematology L, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ole Weis Bjerrum
- Department of Hematology L, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben A. Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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14
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Gallardo M, Barrio S, Fernandez M, Paradela A, Arenas A, Toldos O, Ayala R, Albizua E, Jimenez A, Redondo S, Garcia-Martin RM, Gilsanz F, Albar JP, Martinez-Lopez J. Proteomic analysis reveals heat shock protein 70 has a key role in polycythemia Vera. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:142. [PMID: 24252366 PMCID: PMC4225507 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
JAK-STAT signaling through the JAK2V617F mutation is central to the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). However, other events could precede the JAK2 mutation. The aim of this study is to analyze the phenotypic divergence between polycytemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocytemia (ET) to find novel therapeutics targets by a proteomic and functional approach to identify alternative routes to JAK2 activation. Through 2D-DIGE and mass spectrometry of granulocyte protein from 20 MPN samples, showed differential expression of HSP70 in PV and ET besides other 60 proteins. Immunohistochemistry of 46 MPN bone marrow samples confirmed HSP70 expression. The median of positive granulocytes was 80% in PV (SD 35%) vs. 23% in ET (SD 34.25%). In an ex vivo model KNK437 was used as an inhibition model assay of HSP70, showed dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth and burst formation unit erythroid (BFU-E) in PV and ET, increased apoptosis in the erythroid lineage, and decreased pJAK2 signaling, as well as a specific siRNA for HSP70. These data suggest a key role for HSP70 in proliferation and survival of the erythroid lineage in PV, and may represent a potential therapeutic target in MPN, especially in PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gallardo
- Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avenida, Córdoba, s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Aberrant expression of signaling proteins in essential thrombocythemia. Ann Hematol 2013; 92:1229-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Huisman C, Wisman GBA, Kazemier HG, van Vugt MATM, van der Zee AGJ, Schuuring E, Rots MG. Functional validation of putative tumor suppressor gene C13ORF18 in cervical cancer by Artificial Transcription Factors. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:669-79. [PMID: 23522960 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
C13ORF18 is frequently hypermethylated in cervical cancer but not in normal cervix and might serve as a biomarker for the early detection of cervical cancer in scrapings. As hypermethylation is often observed for silenced tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), hypermethylated biomarker genes might exhibit tumor suppressive activities upon re-expression. Epigenetic drugs are successfully exploited to reverse TSG silencing, but act genome-wide. Artificial Transcription Factors (ATFs) provide a gene-specific approach for re-expression of silenced genes. Here, we investigated the potential tumor suppressive role of C13ORF18 in cervical cancer by ATF-induced re-expression. Five zinc finger proteins were engineered to bind the C13ORF18 promoter and fused to a strong transcriptional activator. C13ORF18 expression could be induced in cervical cell lines: ranging from >40-fold in positive (C13ORF18-unmethylated) cells to >110-fold in negative (C13ORF18-methylated) cells. Re-activation of C13ORF18 resulted in significant cell growth inhibition and/or induction of apoptosis. Co-treatment of cell lines with ATFs and epigenetic drugs further enhanced the ATF-induced effects. Interestingly, re-activation of C13ORF18 led to partial demethylation of the C13ORF18 promoter and decreased repressive histone methylation. These data demonstrate the potency of ATFs to re-express and potentially demethylate hypermethylated silenced genes. Concluding, we show that C13ORF18 has a TSG function in cervical cancer and may serve as a therapeutic anti-cancer target. As the amount of epimutations in cancer exceeds the number of gene mutations, ATFs provide promising tools to validate hypermethylated marker genes as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Huisman
- Dept. of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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17
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Cunard R. Mammalian tribbles homologs at the crossroads of endoplasmic reticulum stress and Mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. SCIENTIFICA 2013; 2013:750871. [PMID: 24490110 PMCID: PMC3892554 DOI: 10.1155/2013/750871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In 2000, investigators discovered Tribbles, a Drosophila protein that coordinates morphogenesis by inhibiting mitosis. Further work has delineated Xenopus (Xtrb2), Nematode (Nipi-3), and mammalian homologs of Drosophila tribbles, which include TRB1, TRB2, and TRB3. The sequences of tribbles homologs are highly conserved, and despite their protein kinase structure, to date they have not been shown to have kinase activity. TRB family members play a role in the differentiation of macrophages, lymphocytes, muscle cells, adipocytes, and osteoblasts. TRB isoforms also coordinate a number of critical cellular processes including glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, cellular stress, survival, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. TRB family members modulate multiple complex signaling networks including mitogen activated protein kinase cascades, protein kinase B/AKT signaling, mammalian target of rapamycin, and inflammatory pathways. The following review will discuss metazoan homologs of Drosophila tribbles, their structure, expression patterns, and functions. In particular, we will focus on TRB3 function in the kidney in podocytes. This review will also discuss the key signaling pathways with which tribbles proteins interact and provide a rationale for developing novel therapeutics that exploit these interactions to provide better treatment options for both acute and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Cunard
- Research Service and Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Veterans Medical Research Foundation, Mail Code 151, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- *Robyn Cunard:
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18
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Skov V, Thomassen M, Riley CH, Jensen MK, Bjerrum OW, Kruse TA, Hasselbalch HC, Larsen TS. Gene expression profiling with principal component analysis depicts the biological continuum from essential thrombocythemia over polycythemia vera to myelofibrosis. Exp Hematol 2012; 40:771-780.e19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Kleppe M, Levine RL. New pieces of a puzzle: the current biological picture of MPN. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1826:415-22. [PMID: 22824378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last years, we have witnessed significant improvement in our ability to elucidate the genetic events, which contribute to the pathogenesis of acute and chronic leukemias, and also in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). However, despite significant insight into the role of specific mutations, including the JAK2V617F mutation, in MPN pathogenesis, the precise mechanisms by which specific disease alleles contribute to leukemic transformation in MPN remain elusive. Here we review recent studies aimed at understanding the role of downstream signaling pathways in MPN initiation and phenotype, and discuss how these studies have begun to lead to novel insights with biologic, clinical, and therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kleppe
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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20
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Chen E, Staudt LM, Green AR. Janus kinase deregulation in leukemia and lymphoma. Immunity 2012; 36:529-41. [PMID: 22520846 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetic alterations affecting members of the Janus kinase (JAK) family have been discovered in a wide array of cancers and are particularly prominent in hematological malignancies. In this review, we focus on the role of such lesions in both myeloid and lymphoid tumors. Oncogenic JAK molecules can activate a myriad of canonical downstream signaling pathways as well as directly interact with chromatin in noncanonical processes, the interplay of which results in a plethora of diverse biological consequences. Deciphering these complexities is shedding unexpected light on fundamental cellular mechanisms and will also be important for improved diagnosis, identification of new therapeutic targets, and the development of stratified approaches to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Chen
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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21
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Marie CS, Verkerke HP, Paul SN, Mackey AJ, Petri WA. Leptin protects host cells from Entamoeba histolytica cytotoxicity by a STAT3-dependent mechanism. Infect Immun 2012; 80:1934-43. [PMID: 22331430 PMCID: PMC3347425 DOI: 10.1128/iai.06140-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipocytokine leptin links nutritional status to immune function. Leptin signaling protects from amebiasis, but the molecular mechanism is not understood. We developed an in vitro model of ameba-host cell interaction to test the hypothesis that leptin prevents ameba-induced apoptosis in host epithelial cells. We demonstrated that activation of mammalian leptin signaling increased cellular resistance to amebic cytotoxicity, including caspase-3 activation. Exogenous expression of the leptin receptor conferred resistance in susceptible cells, and leptin stimulation enhanced protection. A series of leptin receptor signaling mutants showed that resistance to amebic cytotoxicity was dependent on activation of STAT3 but not the Src homology-2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-2) or STAT5. A common polymorphism in the leptin receptor (Q223R) that increases susceptibility to amebiasis in humans and mice was found to increase susceptibility to amebic cytotoxicity in single cells. The Q223R polymorphism also decreased leptin-dependent STAT3 activation by 21% relative to that of the wild-type (WT) receptor (P = 0.035), consistent with a central role of STAT3 signaling in protection. A subset of genes uniquely regulated by STAT3 in response to leptin was identified. Most notable were the TRIB1 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) genes, which have opposing roles in the regulation of apoptosis. Overall apoptotic genes were highly enriched in this gene set (P < 1E-05), supporting the hypothesis that leptin regulation of host apoptotic genes via STAT3 is responsible for protection. This is the first demonstration of a mammalian signaling pathway that restricts amebic pathogenesis and represents an important advance in our mechanistic understanding of how leptin links nutrition and susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea S Marie
- Biology Department, Drew University, Madison, New Jersey, USA.
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22
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Gnanasambandan K, Sayeski PP. A structure-function perspective of Jak2 mutations and implications for alternate drug design strategies: the road not taken. Curr Med Chem 2012; 18:4659-73. [PMID: 21864276 DOI: 10.2174/092986711797379267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Jak2 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that is involved in the control of cellular growth and proliferation. Due to its significant role in hematopoiesis, Jak2 is a frequent target for mutations in cancer, especially myeloid leukemia, lymphoid leukemia and the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). These mutations are common amongst different populations all over the world and there is a great deal of effort to develop therapeutic drugs for the affected patients. Jak2 mutations, whether they are point, deletion, or gene fusion, most commonly result in constitutive kinase activation. Here, we explore the structure-function relation of various Jak2 mutations identified in cancer and understand how they disrupt Jak2 regulation. Current Jak2 inhibitors target the highly conserved active site in the kinase domain and therefore, these inhibitors may lack specificity. Based on our knowledge regarding structure-function correlations as they pertain to regulation of Jak2 kinase activity, an alternative approach for specific Jak2 targeting could be via allosteric inhibitor design. Successful reports of allosteric inhibitors developed against other kinases provide precedent for the development of Jak2 allosteric inhibitors. Here, we suggest plausible target sites in the Jak2 structure for allosteric inhibition. Such targets include the type II inhibitor pocket and substrate binding site in the kinase domain, the kinase-pseudokinase domain interface, SH2-JH2 linker region and the FERM domain. Thus, future Jak2 inhibitors that target these sites via allosteric mechanisms may provide alternative therapeutic strategies to existing ATP competitive inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gnanasambandan
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
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23
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Skov V, Larsen TS, Thomassen M, Riley CH, Jensen MK, Bjerrum OW, Kruse TA, Hasselbalch HC. Whole-blood transcriptional profiling of interferon-inducible genes identifies highly upregulated IFI27 in primary myelofibrosis. Eur J Haematol 2011; 87:54-60. [PMID: 21447007 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2011.01618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression profiling studies have unraveled deregulation of several genes that might be of pathogenetic importance for the development and phenotype of the Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. In the context of interferon-alpha2 as a promising therapeutic agent, we focused upon the transcriptional profiling of interferon-associated genes in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) (n = 19), polycythemia vera (PV) (n = 41), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) (n = 9). Using whole-blood transcriptional profiling and accordingly obtaining an integrated signature of genes expressed in several immune cells (granulocytes, monocytes, B cells, T cells, platelets), we have identified a number of interferon-associated genes to be significantly deregulated but with a highly significant deregulation of interferon-inducible gene 27 (IFI27) (ET, PV, and PMF, fold change 8, 16, and 30, respectively). The striking deregulation of IFI genes may reflect a hyperstimulated but insufficient immune system being most enhanced in patients with advanced myelofibrosis, in whom the IFI27 gene displayed an exceedingly high expression. The interferon signature may reflect primary myelofibrosis as the burn-out phase of chronic inflammation which ultimately elicits clonal evolution and expansion owing to an exaggerated but incompetent antitumor immune response. Finally, IFI27 may be a novel biomarker of disease activity and tumor burden in patients with CMPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibe Skov
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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24
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Chen E, Beer PA, Godfrey AL, Ortmann CA, Li J, Costa-Pereira AP, Ingle CE, Dermitzakis ET, Campbell PJ, Green AR. Distinct clinical phenotypes associated with JAK2V617F reflect differential STAT1 signaling. Cancer Cell 2010; 18:524-35. [PMID: 21074499 PMCID: PMC2996868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The JAK2V617F mutation is associated with distinct myeloproliferative neoplasms, including polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET), but it remains unclear how it generates disparate disorders. By comparing clonally-derived mutant and wild-type cells from individual patients, we demonstrate that the transcriptional consequences of JAK2V617F are subtle, and that JAK2V617F-heterozygous erythroid cells from ET and PV patients exhibit differential interferon signaling and STAT1 phosphorylation. Increased STAT1 activity in normal CD34-positive progenitors produces an ET-like phenotype, whereas downregulation of STAT1 activity in JAK2V617F-heterozygous ET progenitors produces a PV-like phenotype. Our results illustrate the power of clonal analysis, indicate that the consequences of JAK2V617F reflect a balance between STAT5 and STAT1 activation and are relevant for other neoplasms associated with signaling pathway mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Chen
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Philip A Beer
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY
| | - Anna L Godfrey
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY
| | - Christina A Ortmann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY
| | - Juan Li
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Ana P. Costa-Pereira
- Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN
| | | | | | - Peter J Campbell
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA
| | - Anthony R. Green
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY
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25
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Hu H. Mining patterns in disease classification forests. J Biomed Inform 2010; 43:820-7. [PMID: 20601123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Hu
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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Berkofsky-Fessler W, Buzzai M, Kim MKH, Fruchtman S, Najfeld V, Min DJ, Costa FF, Bischof JM, Soares MB, McConnell MJ, Zhang W, Levine R, Gilliland DG, Calogero R, Licht JD. Transcriptional profiling of polycythemia vera identifies gene expression patterns both dependent and independent from the action of JAK2V617F. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:4339-52. [PMID: 20601445 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the changes in gene expression in polycythemia vera (PV) progenitor cells and their relationship to JAK2V617F. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Messenger RNA isolated from CD34(+) cells from nine PV patients and normal controls was profiled using Affymetrix arrays. Gene expression change mediated by JAK2V617F was determined by profiling CD34(+) cells transduced with the kinase and by analysis of leukemia cell lines harboring JAK2V617F, treated with an inhibitor. RESULTS A PV expression signature was enriched for genes involved in hematopoietic development, inflammatory responses, and cell proliferation. By quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, 23 genes were consistently deregulated in all patient samples. Several of these genes such as WT1 and KLF4 were regulated by JAK2, whereas others such as NFIB and EVI1 seemed to be deregulated in PV by a JAK2-independent mechanism. Using cell line models and comparing gene expression profiles of cell lines and PV CD34(+) PV specimens, we have identified panels of 14 JAK2-dependent genes and 12 JAK2-independent genes. These two 14- and 12-gene sets could separate not only PV from normal CD34(+) specimens, but also other MPN such as essential thrombocytosis and primary myelofibrosis from their normal counterparts. CONCLUSIONS A subset of the aberrant gene expression in PV progenitor cells can be attributed to the action of the mutant kinase, but there remain a significant number of genes characteristic of the disease but deregulated by as yet unknown mechanisms. Genes deregulated in PV as a result of the action of JAK2V617F or independent of the kinase may represent other targets for therapy.
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Gilby DC, Sung HY, Winship PR, Goodeve AC, Reilly JT, Kiss-Toth E. Tribbles-1 and -2 are tumour suppressors, down-regulated in human acute myeloid leukaemia. Immunol Lett 2009; 130:115-24. [PMID: 20005259 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive MAPK signalling is observed in approximately 50% of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cases. JNK activation in particular is associated with treatment failure in AML. Tribbles proteins (trb-1, trb-2 and trb-3) are potent negative regulators of MAPK pathways influencing apoptosis, differentiation and cell-cycle progression. Here we aimed to examine tribbles gene expression in AML and to characterise their role in leukaemic cells. A microarray dataset was interrogated for tribbles expression levels in AML cases and healthy controls. Myeloid cell proliferation and apoptosis were assayed in response to trb-1/trb-2 gene knockdown and overexpression, as well as a physical and functional interaction between trb and C/EBPalpha. Trb-2 expression was reduced in AML compared to healthy controls (correlating with nucleophosmin (NPM1) mutations), while low trb-1 expression was associated with inactive C/EBPalpha. In vitro assays indicated that trb-1/trb-2 are growth restrictive and pro-apoptotic in Me-1 cells, each capable of inhibiting JNK activation. JNK inactivation was itself associated with reduced Bcl-2 Ser70 phosphorylation, a residue which, when phosphorylated, maintains the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-2. Consistent with this, tribbles-mediated dephosphorylation of Bcl-2 Ser70 was associated with subsequent apoptosis. Trb-1/trb-2 transcription appeared to be moderately C/EBPalpha-responsive, and physical interaction between C/EBPalpha and trb-1/trb-2 was observed, suggesting a potential for auto-regulation of trb-1 and trb-2 transcription. In conclusion, we propose that trb-1 and trb-2 tumour suppressor activity may be abrogated in a proportion of AML patients. This may lead to enhanced cell survival, and therefore contribute to pathogenesis of the disease. Trb-1/trb-2 may, therefore, represent useful therapeutic targets for the treatment of AML in patients with dys-regulated trb activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Gilby
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Catani L, Zini R, Sollazzo D, Ottaviani E, Vannucchi AM, Ferrari S, Baccarani M, Vianelli N, Lemoli RM, Manfredini R. Molecular profile of CD34+ stem/progenitor cells according to JAK2V617F mutation status in essential thrombocythemia. Leukemia 2009; 23:997-1000. [PMID: 19151790 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gene Expression Profiling Distinguishes Essential Thrombocythemia from Polycythemia Vera Patients and Identifies a Common Expressed Set of Genes in Relation to JAK2V617F Status. Blood 2008. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v112.11.2788.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction. The existence of the JAK2V617F mutation in a high proportion of Myeloproliferative Disorders (MPD) BCR-ABL-negative has provided important insight into the pathogenesis of these diseases. However, much of the molecular abnormalities associated to BCR-ABL-negative MPD remain unknown, specially in those which do not display JAK2V617F. In a previous study, we performed gene expression analysis by using the microarray technique in 20 essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients (44K whole human genome oligo microarrays, Agilent Technologies) and the results were confirmed in 40 ET patients by using TaqMan® Low Density Arrays Arrays (LDA, Applied Biosystems). In our previous experience the results showed different gene expression patterns in ET and a supervised clustering of the data identified genes differentially expressed between JAK2V617F-negative and JAK2V617F-positive ET patients, and a characteristic gene expression profile for JAK2V617F-negative patients (Puigdecanet et al.,2008).
Aim. Our aim was to confirm the ET gene expression profile in an extended group of patients and to explore the differences and similarities in polycythemia vera (PV) and reactive thrombocytosis (RT) patients by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RQ-PCR) technique using the LDA platform. In addition, we wanted to analyze the relationship between gene expression data and JAK2V617F status.
Patients and Methods. The following patients were included in the study: 58 ET (23 JAK2V617F-negative, 34 JAK2V617F in heterozygosity and one JAK2V617F in homozygosity) and 41 PV (7 JAK2V617F-negative, 25 JAK2V617F in heterozygosity and 9 JAK2V617F in homozygosity) patients, diagnosed according to the WHO criteria (2001) and who had never received cytoreductive treatment, and six patients with RT. Based on the previous results, we designed a new LDA platform containing 96 assays in duplicate, which included the most expressed genes in ET in relation to healthy controls and the most differentially expressed genes between JAK2V617F-negative and JAK2V617F-positive ET patients. The RQ-PCR analysis was performed in RNA from peripheral blood granulocytes and the relative gene expression quantification was achieved using GAPDH as the endogenous control and a pool of 10 healthy individuals as the calibrator.
Results. ET vs PV: The majority of the genes studied presented significant higher expression in ET than in PV patients. Interestingly, FOSB was one of the most differentially expressed gene (FC= 8.3), and CISH and C13orf18 did not distinguish between the two groups.
ET: We confirmed the differentially expression of the majority of the genes previously detected between JAK2V617F-negative and JAK2V617F-positive ET patients and we extended the set of genes. Among them, we highlight the differential expression of CISH, FOSB and C13orf18 genes (p<0.01).
PV: Supervised analysis showed that CD44, BATF and CISH clearly distinguish JAK2V617F-negative PV patients from the JAK2V617F-positive.
ET and PV vs RT: Some differentially expressed genes between ET and RT patients were detected, but the most significant gene was TNF (p<0.001), which presented a higher expression in RT (FC=5.9). The same difference was observed between PV and RT.
Conclusions. We have detected a different gene expression pattern in ET and in PV patients. However, we also identified a set of genes which expression was related to JAK2V617F status, both in ET and PV patients. These findings would be interesting to identify other signal transduction pathways besides JAK-STAT involved in the pathogenesis of ET and PV.
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