1
|
Xu Y, Benedikt J, Ye L. Hyaluronic Acid Interacting Molecules Mediated Crosstalk between Cancer Cells and Microenvironment from Primary Tumour to Distant Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1907. [PMID: 38791985 PMCID: PMC11119954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a prominent component of the extracellular matrix, and its interactions with HA-interacting molecules (HAIMs) play a critical role in cancer development and disease progression. This review explores the multifaceted role of HAIMs in the context of cancer, focusing on their influence on disease progression by dissecting relevant cellular and molecular mechanisms in tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment. Cancer progression can be profoundly affected by the interactions between HA and HAIMs. They modulate critical processes such as cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and proliferation. The TME serves as a dynamic platform in which HAIMs contribute to the formation of a unique niche. The resulting changes in HA composition profoundly influence the biophysical properties of the TME. These modifications in the TME, in conjunction with HAIMs, impact angiogenesis, immune cell recruitment, and immune evasion. Therefore, understanding the intricate interplay between HAIMs and HA within the cancer context is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Targeting these interactions offers promising avenues for cancer treatment, as they hold the potential to disrupt critical aspects of disease progression and the TME. Further research in this field is imperative for advancing our knowledge and the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Xu
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK;
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK;
| | | | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hinneh JA, Gillis JL, Moore NL, Butler LM, Centenera MM. The role of RHAMM in cancer: Exposing novel therapeutic vulnerabilities. Front Oncol 2022; 12:982231. [PMID: 36033439 PMCID: PMC9400171 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.982231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor for hyaluronic acid-mediated motility (RHAMM) is a cell surface receptor for hyaluronic acid that is critical for cell migration and a cell cycle protein involved in microtubule assembly and stability. These functions of RHAMM are required for cellular stress responses and cell cycle progression but are also exploited by tumor cells for malignant progression and metastasis. RHAMM is often overexpressed in tumors and is an independent adverse prognostic factor for a number of cancers such as breast and prostate. Interestingly, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of RHAMM in vitro and in vivo ablates tumor invasiveness and metastatic spread, implicating RHAMM as a potential therapeutic target to restrict tumor growth and improve patient survival. However, RHAMM’s pro-tumor activity is dependent on its subcellular distribution, which complicates the design of RHAMM-directed therapies. An alternative approach is to identify downstream signaling pathways that mediate RHAMM-promoted tumor aggressiveness. Herein, we discuss the pro-tumoral roles of RHAMM and elucidate the corresponding regulators and signaling pathways mediating RHAMM downstream events, with a specific focus on strategies to target the RHAMM signaling network in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine A. Hinneh
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Freemason’s Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Joanna L. Gillis
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nicole L. Moore
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Butler
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Freemason’s Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Lisa M. Butler, ; Margaret M. Centenera,
| | - Margaret M. Centenera
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Freemason’s Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Lisa M. Butler, ; Margaret M. Centenera,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Enemark MB, Hybel TE, Madsen C, Lauridsen KL, Honoré B, Plesner TL, Hamilton-Dutoit S, d’Amore F, Ludvigsen M. Tumor-Tissue Expression of the Hyaluronic Acid Receptor RHAMM Predicts Histological Transformation in Follicular Lymphoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051316. [PMID: 35267625 PMCID: PMC8909114 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Histological transformation (HT) remains the leading cause of mortality in follicular lymphoma (FL), underlining the need to identify reliable transformation predictors. The hyaluronic acid receptors CD44 and the receptor for hyaluronan mediated motility (RHAMM, also known as HMMR and CD168), have been shown to be involved in the pathogeneses of both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. In an attempt to improve risk stratification, expression of RHAMM and CD44 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis in pre-therapeutic tumor-tissue biopsies from FL patients, either without (nt-FL, n = 34), or with (st-FL, n = 31) subsequent transformation, and in paired biopsies from the transformed lymphomas (tFL, n = 31). At the time of initial diagnosis, samples from st-FL patients had a higher expression of RHAMM compared with samples from nt-FL patients (p < 0.001). RHAMM expression further increased in tFL samples following transformation (p < 0.001). Evaluation of CD44 expression showed no differences in expression comparing nt-FL, st-FL, and tFL samples. Shorter transformation-free survival was associated with high tumoral and intrafollicular RHAMM expression, as well as with low intrafollicular CD44 expression (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, and p = 0.034, respectively). Our data suggest that high tumor-tissue RHAMM expression predicts the risk of shorter transformation-free survival in FL patients already at initial diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Beck Enemark
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.B.E.); (T.E.H.); (C.M.); (F.d.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Engelbrecht Hybel
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.B.E.); (T.E.H.); (C.M.); (F.d.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Madsen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.B.E.); (T.E.H.); (C.M.); (F.d.)
| | | | - Bent Honoré
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | | | - Stephen Hamilton-Dutoit
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (K.L.L.); (S.H.-D.)
| | - Francesco d’Amore
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.B.E.); (T.E.H.); (C.M.); (F.d.)
| | - Maja Ludvigsen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.B.E.); (T.E.H.); (C.M.); (F.d.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-22859523
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kahl I, Mense J, Finke C, Boller AL, Lorber C, Győrffy B, Greve B, Götte M, Espinoza-Sánchez NA. The cell cycle-related genes RHAMM, AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 are associated with the poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:581-600. [PMID: 35014077 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the third most common type of cancer diagnosed. Cell cycle is a complex but highly organized and controlled process, in which normal cells sense mitogenic growth signals that instruct them to enter and progress through their cell cycle. This process culminates in cell division generating two daughter cells with identical amounts of genetic material. Uncontrolled proliferation is one of the hallmarks of cancer. In this study, we analyzed the expression of the cell cycle-related genes receptor for hyaluronan (HA)-mediated motility (RHAMM), AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 and correlated them with the prognosis in a collective of 3952 breast cancer patients. A high messenger RNA expression of all studied genes correlated with a poor prognosis. Stratifying the patients according to the expression of hormonal receptors, we found that in patients with estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2-negative tumors, and Luminal A and Luminal B tumors, the expression of the five analyzed genes correlates with worse survival. qPCR analysis of a panel of breast cancer cell lines representative of major molecular subtypes indicated a predominant expression in the luminal subtype. In vitro experiments showed that radiation influences the expression of the five analyzed genes both in luminal and triple-negative model cell lines. Functional analysis of MDA-MB-231 cells showed that small interfering RNA knockdown of PLK4 and TPX2 and pharmacological inhibition of PLK1 had an impact on the cell cycle and colony formation. Looking for a potential upstream regulation by microRNAs, we observed a differential expression of RHAMM, AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 after transfecting the MDA-MB-231 cells with three different microRNAs. Survival analysis of miR-34c-5p, miR-375, and miR-142-3p showed a different impact on the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Our study suggests that RHAMM, AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 can be used as potential targets for treatment or as a prognostic value in breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Kahl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Julian Mense
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Christopher Finke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Boller
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Clara Lorber
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Nancy A Espinoza-Sánchez
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bauer J, Nelde A, Bilich T, Walz JS. Antigen Targets for the Development of Immunotherapies in Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061397. [PMID: 30897713 PMCID: PMC6471800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic approaches, including allogeneic stem cell transplantation and donor lymphocyte infusion, have significantly improved the prognosis of leukemia patients. Further efforts are now focusing on the development of immunotherapies that are able to target leukemic cells more specifically, comprising monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and dendritic cell- or peptide-based vaccination strategies. One main prerequisite for such antigen-specific approaches is the selection of suitable target structures on leukemic cells. In general, the targets for anti-cancer immunotherapies can be divided into two groups: (1) T-cell epitopes relying on the presentation of peptides via human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules and (2) surface structures, which are HLA-independently expressed on cancer cells. This review discusses the most promising tumor antigens as well as the underlying discovery and selection strategies for the development of anti-leukemia immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bauer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Annika Nelde
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Tatjana Bilich
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Juliane S Walz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Willemen Y, Van den Bergh JMJ, Bonte SM, Anguille S, Heirman C, Stein BMH, Goossens H, Kerre T, Thielemans K, Peeters M, Van Tendeloo VFI, Smits ELJ, Berneman ZN. The tumor-associated antigen RHAMM (HMMR/CD168) is expressed by monocyte-derived dendritic cells and presented to T cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73960-73970. [PMID: 27659531 PMCID: PMC5342027 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We formerly demonstrated that vaccination with Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1)-loaded autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mo-DCs) can be a well-tolerated effective treatment in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Here, we investigated whether we could introduce the receptor for hyaluronic acid-mediated motility (RHAMM/HMMR/CD168), another clinically relevant tumor-associated antigen, into these mo-DCs through mRNA electroporation and elicit RHAMM-specific immune responses. While RHAMM mRNA electroporation significantly increased RHAMM protein expression by mo-DCs, our data indicate that classical mo-DCs already express and present RHAMM at sufficient levels to activate RHAMM-specific T cells, regardless of electroporation. Moreover, we found that RHAMM-specific T cells are present at vaccination sites in AML patients. Our findings implicate that we and others who are using classical mo-DCs for cancer immunotherapy are already vaccinating against RHAMM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Willemen
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan M J Van den Bergh
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah M Bonte
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Anguille
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carlo Heirman
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barbara M H Stein
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tessa Kerre
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Viggo F I Van Tendeloo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Evelien L J Smits
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Zwi N Berneman
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B cells (CLL) are malignant cells which retain at least some functions of normal B cells. Paramount amongst the latter is that when such cells are appropriately stimulated, they are able to present antigens, including any potential tumor antigens, making them excellent choices as a candidate tumor vaccine. We show that following stimulation of CLL cells with Phorbol myristic acetate, IL-2, the TLR7 agonist imiquimod (P2I) and ionomycin (P2Iio), markedly increased expression of CD54 and CD83 was seen, indicative of B cell activation and a transition to antigen-presenting cells. However, this occurred in the context of augmented expression of the known immunoregulatory molecule, CD200. Accordingly we explored the effect of stimulation of CLL cells with P2Iio, followed by coating of cells with a non-depleting anti-CD200mAb, on the ability of those cells to immunize PBL in vitro to become cytotoxic to CLL cells, or to protect NOD-SCIDγcnull (NSG) mice from subsequent CLL tumor challenge. Our data indicate that this protocol is effective in inducing CD8+ CTL able to lyse CLL cells in vitro, and decrease tumor burden in vivo in spleen and marrow of mice injected with CLL cells. Pre-treatment of mice with a CD8 depleting antibody before vaccination with P2Iio/anti-CD200 coated cells abolished any protection seen. These data suggest a potential role for blockade of CD200 expression on CLL cells as a component of a tumor vaccination strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada; University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Ismat Khatri
- University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - David Spaner
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Dept. of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Reginald M Gorczynski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada; University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang C, Li C, Zhang P, Wu W, Jiang X. Redox Responsive Hyaluronic Acid Nanogels for Treating RHAMM (CD168) Over-expressive Cancer, both Primary and Metastatic Tumors. Theranostics 2017; 7:1719-1734. [PMID: 28529647 PMCID: PMC5436523 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains a substantial challenge to targetedly deliver drug to both primary tumors and metastatic lesions employing a single nanoparticle delivery system. Here aiming at the receptor for hyaluronic acid mediated motility (RHAMM or CD168), a specific receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA), the bioreductive responsive HA nanogels loaded doxorubicin were prepared. The targeting effects of HA nanogels in high RHAMM-expressed cancer cells, primary and metastatic tumors were investigated. It was found that HA nanogels show a strong in vitro and in vivo RHAMM-mediated cellular uptake and drug delivery. The cellular uptake of HA nanogels in high RHAMM-expressed LNCaP and H22 cells was far more than the uptake in low RHAMM-expressed NIH3T3 cells. The IC50 value of drug-loaded HA nanogels against H22 cells was lower than that of free drug. In vivo antitumor activity examinations showed that the HA nanogels not only had significantly superior antitumor efficacy in murine H22 and human LNCaP tumor-bearing mice but also exhibited much deep tumor penetration. The drug delivery of lymph node metastasis by systemically administering HA nanogels demonstrated that the HA nanogels could sufficiently increase drug concentration in metastatic lymph node by RHAMM-HA interaction and inhibit the growth of metastatic lymph node, even completely heal malignant lymph node metastasis. Thus, RHAMM-directed drug delivery is a promising therapy route for treating both primary and metastatic tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiqun Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schmitt M, Schmitt A, Wiesneth M, Hückelhoven A, Wu Z, Kuball J, Wang L, Schauwecker P, Hofmann S, Götz M, Michels B, Maccari B, Wuchter P, Eckstein V, Mertens T, Schnitzler P, Döhner H, Ho AD, Bunjes DW, Dreger P, Schrezenmeier H, Greiner J. Peptide vaccination in the presence of adjuvants in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with CD4+ T cell reconstitution elicits consistent CD8+ T cell responses. Theranostics 2017; 7:1705-1718. [PMID: 28529646 PMCID: PMC5436522 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Patients receiving an allogeneic stem cell graft from cytomegalovirus (CMV) seronegative donors are particularly prone to CMV reactivation with a high risk of disease and mortality. Therefore we developed and manufactured a novel vaccine and initiated a clinical phase I trial with a CMV phosphoprotein 65 (CMVpp65)-derived peptide. Methods: Ten patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation received four vaccinations at a biweekly interval. All patients were monitored for CMVpp65 antigenemia. Flow cytometry for CMV-specific CD8+ and γδ T cells as well as neutralizing anti-CMV antibodies were correlated to clinical parameters. Results: The vaccination was well tolerated. Seven of nine patients cleared CMVpp65 antigenemia after four vaccinations and are still free from antigenemia to this day. Two patients with CMV reactivation showed persisting CMV antigenemia. One patient received prophylactic vaccination and did not develop antigenemia. An increase of up to six-fold in frequency of both CMV-specific CD8+ T cells and/or Vδ2negative γδ T cells was detected. Titers of neutralizing antibodies increased up to the tenfold. Humoral and cellular immune responses correlated with clearance of CMV. Conclusion: In summary, CMVpp65 peptide vaccination for patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation at high risk for CMV reactivation was safe, well tolerated and clinically encouraging. A study in solid-organ transplant patients is ongoing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmitt
- Dept. of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium/Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Schmitt
- Dept. of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Wiesneth
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Angela Hückelhoven
- Dept. of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zeguang Wu
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Dept. of Hematology & Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lei Wang
- Dept. of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schauwecker
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Hofmann
- Dept. of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marlies Götz
- Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Michels
- Dept. of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Maccari
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Wuchter
- Dept. of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Eckstein
- Dept. of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Mertens
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Schnitzler
- Dept. of Virology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anthony D. Ho
- Dept. of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium/Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Donald W. Bunjes
- Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Dreger
- Dept. of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen Greiner
- Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Diakonie-Hospital Stuttgart, 70176 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Purroy N, Wu CJ. Coevolution of Leukemia and Host Immune Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a026740. [PMID: 28096240 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative studies on the dissection of changes in driver genetic lesions in cancer across the course of the disease have provided powerful insights into the adaptive mechanisms of tumors in response to the selective pressures of therapy and environmental changes. In particular, the advent of next-generation-sequencing (NGS)-based technologies and its implementation for the large-scale comprehensive analyses of cancers have greatly advanced our understanding of cancer as a complex dynamic system wherein genetically distinct subclones interact and compete during tumor evolution. Aside from genetic evolution arising from interactions intrinsic to the cell subpopulations within tumors, it is increasingly appreciated that reciprocal interactions between the tumor cell and cellular constituents of the microenvironment further exert selective pressures on specific clones that can impact the balance between tumor immunity and immunologic evasion and escape. Herein, we review the evidence supporting these concepts, with a particular focus on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a disease that has been highly amenable to genomic interrogation and studies of clonal heterogeneity and evolution. Better knowledge of the basis for immune escape has an important clinical impact on prognostic stratification and on the pursuit of new therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Purroy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Šmahelová J, Kaštánková I, Poláková KM, Klamová H, Zemanová K, Tachezy R, Hamšíková E, Šmahel M. Expression of genes encoding centrosomal proteins and the humoral response against these proteins in chronic myeloid leukemia. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:547-554. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
12
|
Rücker-Braun E, Link CS, Schmiedgen M, Tunger A, Vizjak P, Teipel R, Wehner R, Kühn D, Fuchs YF, Oelschlägel U, Germeroth L, Schmitz M, Bornhäuser M, Schetelig J, Heidenreich F. Longitudinal analyses of leukemia-associated antigen-specific CD8 + T cells in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:1024-1033.e1. [PMID: 27473564 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative treatment approach for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Graft versus leukemia (GVL) effects, which are exerted by donor T cells directed against leukemic-associated antigens (LAAs), are considered to play a crucial role in disease eradication. Although the expansion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific for cytomegalovirus (CMV) in response to an infection has been shown in multiple studies, data on CTLs mediating GVL effects are limited. To evaluate a potential increase or decrease of T lymphocytes specific for LAAs in the setting of allogeneic HSCT, we monitored leukemia-specific CD8+ T cells throughout the first year after HSCT in 18 patients using streptamer technology. A broad panel of promising LAAs was selected: Wilms tumor protein, proteinase 3, receptor for hyaluronan acid-mediated motility, apoptosis regulator Bcl-2, survivin, nucleophosmin, and fibromodulin. T cells specifically directed against AML- or CLL-associated antigens were found at very low frequencies in peripheral blood. Substantial frequencies of LAA-specific T cells could not be measured at any time point by flow cytometry. In contrast, abundant CMV-pp65-specific T cells were detected in CMV-seropositive patient-recipient pairs and an increase prompted by CMV infection could be demonstrated. In conclusion, T lymphocytes with specificities for the aforementioned LAAs can only be detected in minimal quantities in the early phase after allogeneic HSCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elke Rücker-Braun
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Cornelia S Link
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Schmiedgen
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Tunger
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Petra Vizjak
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Raphael Teipel
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rebekka Wehner
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Denise Kühn
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yannik F Fuchs
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uta Oelschlägel
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Marc Schmitz
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Schetelig
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; DKMS, German Bone Marrow Donor Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Falk Heidenreich
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Emole JN, Locke FL, Pinilla-Ibarz J. An update on current and prospective immunotherapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Immunotherapy 2016; 7:455-66. [PMID: 25917633 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia. Combined agent chemotherapy is the current standard front-line treatment for physically fit patients with CLL. Use of chemotherapy can be complicated by significant toxicity, especially in patients with advanced age or comorbid conditions. Moreover, patients may relapse and become refractory to further chemotherapy. Immunotherapy targets the aberrant immunological processes in CLL without the toxicity of chemotherapy. Immunotherapeutic strategies can also be combined with chemotherapy to improve response rates in this incurable disease. In this review, we evaluate current and future immune-based options in the treatment of CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine N Emole
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Skorka K, Zaleska J, Zajac M, Karczmarczyk A, Tomczak W, Wlasiuk P, Kowal M, Goetz M, Greiner J, Schmitt M, Giannopoulos K. Indirect induction of regulatory T cells accompanies immune responses during peptide vaccination of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients. Br J Haematol 2015; 174:155-7. [PMID: 26304747 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Skorka
- Department of Experimental Haematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Zaleska
- Department of Experimental Haematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zajac
- Department of Experimental Haematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Karczmarczyk
- Department of Experimental Haematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Waldemar Tomczak
- Department of Haematooncology and BMT Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Wlasiuk
- Department of Experimental Haematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kowal
- Department of Haematooncology and BMT Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marlies Goetz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical Clinic, University Clinic Ulm, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen Greiner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical Clinic, University Clinic Ulm, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Diakonie-Hospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Medical Clinic V (Haematology/Oncology/Rheumatology), University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Giannopoulos
- Department of Experimental Haematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland. .,Department of Haematooncology and BMT Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Misra S, Hascall VC, Markwald RR, Ghatak S. Interactions between Hyaluronan and Its Receptors (CD44, RHAMM) Regulate the Activities of Inflammation and Cancer. Front Immunol 2015; 6:201. [PMID: 25999946 PMCID: PMC4422082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), a major component of extracellular matrices, and cell surface receptors of HA have been proposed to have pivotal roles in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which are necessary for inflammation and cancer progression. CD44 and receptor for HA-mediated motility (RHAMM) are the two main HA-receptors whose biological functions in human and murine inflammations and tumor cells have been investigated comprehensively. HA was initially considered to be only an inert component of connective tissues, but is now known as a “dynamic” molecule with a constant turnover in many tissues through rapid metabolism that involves HA molecules of various sizes: high molecular weight HA (HMW HA), low molecular weight HA, and oligosaccharides. The intracellular signaling pathways initiated by HA interactions with CD44 and RHAMM that lead to inflammatory and tumorigenic responses are complex. Interestingly, these molecules have dual functions in inflammations and tumorigenesis. For example, the presence of CD44 is involved in initiation of arthritis, while the absence of CD44 by genetic deletion in an arthritis mouse model increases rather than decreases disease severity. Similar dual functions of CD44 exist in initiation and progression of cancer. RHAMM overexpression is most commonly linked to cancer progression, whereas loss of RHAMM is associated with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor growth. HA may similarly perform dual functions. An abundance of HMW HA can promote malignant cell proliferation and development of cancer, whereas antagonists to HA-CD44 signaling inhibit tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo by interfering with HMW HA-CD44 interaction. This review describes the roles of HA interactions with CD44 and RHAMM in inflammatory responses and tumor development/progression, and how therapeutic strategies that block these key inflammatory/tumorigenic processes may be developed in rodent and human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suniti Misra
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland , Ohio, OH , USA
| | - Roger R Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Shibnath Ghatak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid or hyaluronan (HA) is perhaps one of the most uncomplicated large polymers that regulates several normal physiological processes and, at the same time, contributes to the manifestation of a variety of chronic and acute diseases, including cancer. Members of the HA signaling pathway (HA synthases, HA receptors, and HYAL-1 hyaluronidase) have been experimentally shown to promote tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis, and hence each of them is a potential target for cancer therapy. Furthermore, as these members are also overexpressed in a variety of carcinomas, targeting of the HA family is clinically relevant. A variety of targeted approaches have been developed to target various HA family members, including small-molecule inhibitors and antibody and vaccine therapies. These treatment approaches inhibit HA-mediated intracellular signaling that promotes tumor cell proliferation, motility, and invasion, as well as induction of endothelial cell functions. Being nontoxic, nonimmunogenic, and versatile for modifications, HA has been used in nanoparticle preparations for the targeted delivery of chemotherapy drugs and other anticancer compounds to tumor cells through interaction with cell-surface HA receptors. This review discusses basic and clinical translational aspects of targeting each HA family member and respective treatment approaches that have been described in the literature.
Collapse
|
17
|
Nikitovic D, Tzardi M, Berdiaki A, Tsatsakis A, Tzanakakis GN. Cancer microenvironment and inflammation: role of hyaluronan. Front Immunol 2015; 6:169. [PMID: 25926834 PMCID: PMC4396412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of inflammation in the development of cancer was described as early as the nineteenth century. Abundant evidence supports the preposition that various cancers are triggered by infection and chronic inflammatory disease whereas, evading immune destruction has been proposed as one of the new “hallmarks of cancer.” Changes of the tumor microenvironment have been closely correlated to cancer-mediated inflammation. Hyaluronan (HA), an important extracellular matrices component, has become recognized as an active participant in inflammatory, angiogenic, fibrotic, and cancer promoting processes. This review discusses how HA and specific HA-binding proteins participate in and regulate cancer-related inflammatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Tzardi
- School of Medicine, University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bachireddy P, Burkhardt UE, Rajasagi M, Wu CJ. Haematological malignancies: at the forefront of immunotherapeutic innovation. Nat Rev Cancer 2015; 15:201-15. [PMID: 25786696 PMCID: PMC4511812 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent successes of cancer immunotherapies have stimulated interest in the potential widespread application of these approaches; haematological malignancies have provided both initial proofs of concept and an informative testing ground for various immune-based therapeutics. The immune-cell origin of many of the blood malignancies provides a unique opportunity both to understand the mechanisms of cancer immune responsiveness and immune evasion, and to exploit these mechanisms for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Bachireddy
- Department of Medical Oncology and the Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ute E. Burkhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology and the Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohini Rajasagi
- Department of Medical Oncology and the Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology and the Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
HLA ligandome analysis identifies the underlying specificities of spontaneous antileukemia immune responses in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 112:E166-75. [PMID: 25548167 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416389112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The breakthrough development of clinically effective immune checkpoint inhibitors illustrates the potential of T-cell-based immunotherapy to effectively treat malignancies. A remaining challenge is to increase and guide the specificities of anticancer immune responses, e.g., by therapeutic vaccination or by adoptive T-cell transfer. By analyzing the landscape of naturally presented HLA class I and II ligands of primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we delineated a novel category of tumor-associated T-cell antigens based on their exclusive and frequent representation in the HLA ligandome of leukemic cells. These antigens were validated across different stages and mutational subtypes of CLL and found to be robustly represented in HLA ligandomes of patients undergoing standard chemo-/immunotherapy. We demonstrate specific immune recognition of these antigens exclusively in CLL patients, with the frequencies of representation in CLL ligandomes correlating with the frequencies of immune recognition by patient T cells. Moreover, retrospective survival analysis revealed survival benefits for patients displaying immune responses to these antigens. These results directly imply these nonmutant self-peptides as pathophysiologically relevant tumor antigens and encourages their implementation for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
20
|
Shigeishi H, Higashikawa K, Takechi M. Role of receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) in human head and neck cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:1629-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
21
|
Andersen MH. The targeting of immunosuppressive mechanisms in hematological malignancies. Leukemia 2014; 28:1784-92. [PMID: 24691076 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive immune system has the capacity to recognize and kill leukemic cells. However, immune tolerance mechanisms that normally protect healthy tissues from autoimmune effects prevent the development of effective antitumor immunity. Tumors use several different immunosuppressive mechanisms to evade otherwise effective T-cell responses. A growing number of immune evasion mechanisms have been characterized mainly in solid tumors. In hematological malignancies, less is known about how different immune escape mechanisms influence tumor immune evasion and the extent of their impact on ongoing immune responses. The present review highlights the potential role of three well-defined immunosuppressive mechanisms in hematological malignancies: (i) inhibitory T-cell pathways (especially programmed death ligand 1/programmed death 1 (PD-L1/PD-1)), (ii) regulatory immune cells, and (iii) metabolic enzymes such as indoeamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). The possible therapeutic targeting of these pathways is also discussed. Exciting new strategies that might affect future antileukemia immunotherapy include monoclonal antibodies that block inhibitory T-cell pathways (PD-1/PD-L1) and the prevention of tryptophan depletion by IDO inhibitors. Furthermore, the clinical effect of several chemotherapeutic drugs may arise from the targeting of immunosuppressive cells. Evidence for a new feedback mechanism to suppress the function of regulatory immune cells was recently provided by the identification and characterization of spontaneous cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against regulatory immune cells. Such specific CTLs may be immensely useful in anticancer immunotherapy (for example, by anticancer vaccination). The targeting of one or more immunosuppressive pathways may be especially interesting in combination with antileukemic immunotherapy in cases in which immunosuppressive mechanisms antagonize the desired effects of the therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Andersen
- Department of Hematology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Casalegno-Garduño R, Schmitt A, Schmitt M. Clinical peptide vaccination trials for leukemia patients. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 10:785-99. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
23
|
Weinkove R, Brooks CR, Carter JM, Hermans IF, Ronchese F. Functional invariant natural killer T-cell and CD1d axis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: implications for immunotherapy. Haematologica 2012; 98:376-84. [PMID: 23065503 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.072835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells recognize glycolipid antigens such as α-galactosylceramide presented by CD1d. In preclinical models of B-cell malignancies, α-galactosylceramide is an adjuvant to tumor vaccination, enhancing tumor-specific T-cell responses and prolonging survival. However, numerical and functional invariant natural killer T-cell defects exist in patients with some cancers. Our aim was to assess this axis in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The numbers of circulating invariant natural killer T cells and the expression of CD1d on antigen-presenting cells were evaluated in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and age-matched controls. Cytokine profile and in vitro proliferative capacity were determined. Patient- and control-derived invariant natural killer T-cell lines were generated and characterized, and allogeneic and autologous responses to α-galactosylce-ramide-treated leukemia cells were assessed. Absolute numbers and phenotype of invariant natural killer T cells were normal in patients with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and cytokine profile and proliferative capacity were intact. Chemotherapy-treated patients had reduced numbers of invariant natural killer T cells and myeloid dendritic cells, but α-galactosylceramide-induced proliferation was preserved. Invariant natural killer T-cell lines from patients lysed CD1d-expressing targets. Irradiated α-galactosylceramide-treated leukemic cells elicited allogeneic and autologous invariant natural killer T-cell proliferation, and α-galactosylceramide treatment led to increased proliferation of conventional T cells in response to tumor. In conclusion, the invariant natural killer T-cell and CD1d axis is fundamentally intact in patients with early-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia and, despite reduced circulating numbers, function is retained in fludarabine-treated patients. Immunotherapies exploiting the adjuvant effect of α-galactosylceramide may be feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Weinkove
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sabbatini P, Tsuji T, Ferran L, Ritter E, Sedrak C, Tuballes K, Jungbluth AA, Ritter G, Aghajanian C, Bell-McGuinn K, Hensley ML, Konner J, Tew W, Spriggs DR, Hoffman EW, Venhaus R, Pan L, Salazar AM, Diefenbach CM, Old LJ, Gnjatic S. Phase I Trial of Overlapping Long Peptides from a Tumor Self-Antigen and Poly-ICLC Shows Rapid Induction of Integrated Immune Response in Ovarian Cancer Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:6497-508. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
25
|
Bae J, Smith R, Daley J, Mimura N, Tai YT, Anderson KC, Munshi NC. Myeloma-specific multiple peptides able to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes: a potential therapeutic application in multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:4850-60. [PMID: 22753586 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The efficacy of peptide vaccines may be enhanced by stimulating immune cells with multiple peptides derived from distinct tumor-associated antigens. We have evaluated the heteroclitic XBP1-US(184-192) (YISPWILAV), heteroclitic XBP1-SP(367-375) (YLFPQLISV), native CD138(260-268) (GLVGLIFAV), and native CS1(239-247) (SLFVLGLFL) peptides, which have strong HLA-A2 affinity and immunogenicity in combination, for their ability to elicit multiple myeloma antigen-specific responses. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Multipeptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (MP-CTL) were generated by the stimulation of CD3(+) T lymphocytes from HLA-A2(+) individuals with either autologous mature dendritic cells or T2 cells pulsed with a cocktail of these four peptides. RESULTS The peptide cocktail did not compromise tumor antigen-specific activity of CTLs. MP-CTLs displayed increased total, effector memory (CCR7(-)CD45RO(+)), and activated (CD69(+)) CD3(+)CD8(+) T lymphocytes. In addition, MP-CTL showed IFN-γ production, cell proliferation, and cytotoxicity against HLA-A2(+) multiple myeloma cells, including cells of HLA-A2(+) patients with multiple myeloma. Importantly, MP-CTLs showed specific responses in functional assays to each relevant peptide but not to an irrelevant HLA-A2-specific CMV pp65 (NLVPMVATV) peptide. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the potential therapeutic application of vaccination with a cocktail of HLA-A2-specific peptides to induce CTLs with a broad spectrum of immune responses against multiple myeloma antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jooeun Bae
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Immune responses to RHAMM in patients with acute myeloid leukemia after chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:146463. [PMID: 22719778 PMCID: PMC3375151 DOI: 10.1155/2012/146463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Leukemic blasts overexpress immunogenic antigens, so-called leukemia-associated antigens like the receptor for hyaluronan acid-mediated motility (RHAMM). Persistent RHAMM expression and decreasing CD8+ T-cell responses to RHAMM in the framework of allogeneic stem cell transplantation or chemotherapy alone might indicate the immune escape of leukemia cells. In the present study, we analyzed the expression of RHAMM in 48 patients suffering from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Furthermore, we correlated transcripts with the clinical course of the disease before and after treatment. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed from RNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. T cell responses against RHAMM were assessed by tetramer staining (flow cytometry) and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays. Results were correlated with the clinical outcome of patients. The results of the present study showed that almost 60% of the patients were RHAMM positive; specific T-cells recognizing RHAMM could be detected, but they were nonfunctional in terms of interferon gamma or granzyme B release as demonstrated by ELISPOT assays. Immunotherapies like peptide vaccination or adoptive transfer of RHAMM-specific T cells might improve the immune response and the outcome of AML/MDS patients.
Collapse
|
27
|
Carballido E, Veliz M, Komrokji R, Pinilla-Ibarz J. Immunomodulatory drugs and active immunotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Control 2012; 19:54-67. [PMID: 22143062 DOI: 10.1177/107327481201900106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The last decade witnessed the emergence of several therapeutic options for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) for first-line and relapsed settings. The vast majority of patients with relapsed or refractory CLL carry poor prognostic features, which are strong predictors of shorter overall survival and resistance to first-line treatment, particularly fludarabine-based regimens. METHODS This article highlights the current role of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and active immunotherapy as treatment options for this select group. The rationale of using IMiDs is discussed from the perspective of lenalidomide as a novel active agent. Relevant clinical trials using IMiDs alone or in combinations are discussed. New immunotherapeutic experimental approaches are also described. RESULTS As a single agent, lenalidomide offers an overall response rate of 32% to 47% in patients with relapsed/refractory disease. Recent studies have shown promising activity as a single agent in treatment-naive patients. The combination of lenalidomide with immunotherapy (rituximab and ofatumumab) has also shown clinical responses. Encouraging preclinical and early clinical data have been observed with different immunotherapeutic approaches. CONCLUSIONS The use of IMiDs alone or in combination with immunotherapy represents a treatment option for relapsed/refractory or treatment-naive patients. Mature data and further studies are needed to validate overall and progression-free survival. The toxicity profile of lenalidomide might limit its use and delay further studies. Immunotherapy offers another potential alternative, but further understanding of the immunogenicity of CLL cells and the mechanisms of tumor fl are reaction is needed to improve the outcomes in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Carballido
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Palma M, Hansson L, Choudhury A, Näsman-Glaser B, Eriksson I, Adamson L, Rossmann E, Widén K, Horváth R, Kokhaei P, Vertuani S, Mellstedt H, Österborg A. Vaccination with dendritic cells loaded with tumor apoptotic bodies (Apo-DC) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: effects of various adjuvants and definition of immune response criteria. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:865-79. [PMID: 22086161 PMCID: PMC11029556 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that autologous dendritic cells that have endocytosed apoptotic bodies of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells (Apo-DC) can stimulate antileukemic T cell responses in vitro. In this phase I study, we vaccinated 15 asymptomatic CLL patients at five time points with Apo-DC administered intradermally either alone (cohort I), or in combination with subcutaneous granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) (cohort II) or with GM-CSF and intravenous low-dose cyclophosphamide (cohort III). Aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of Apo-DC alone or in combination with GM-CSF and low-dose cyclophosphamide in CLL patients. All patients completed the vaccination schedule without dose-limiting toxicity. No objective clinical responses were seen. Vaccine-induced leukemia-specific immune responses were evaluated by IFN-γ ELISpot and proliferation assays over a 52 weeks observation period and immune response criteria were defined. According to these criteria, 10/15 patients were defined as immune responders. The frequency of immune-responding patients was higher in cohorts II (3/5) and III (5/5) than in cohort I (2/5). In order to further characterize the induced immune response, estimation of secreted cytokines and CD107-degranulation assay were performed. Clustering of T and CLL cells was observed in CD107-degranulation assay and visualized by confocal microscopy. Additionally, assessment of regulatory T cells (T(regs)) revealed their significantly lower frequencies in immune responders versus non-responders (P < 0.0001). Cyclophosphamide did not reduce T(regs) frequency. In conclusion, vaccination with Apo-DC + GM-CSF and cyclophosphamide was safe and elicited anti-CLL immune responses that correlated inversely with T(regs) levels. Lack of clinical responses highlights the necessity to develop more potent vaccine strategies in B cell malignancies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Adult
- Aged
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Cell-Derived Microparticles/immunology
- Cyclophosphamide/immunology
- Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Female
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/immunology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Vaccination
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Palma
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lotta Hansson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aniruddha Choudhury
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Immune and Targeted Therapy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Barbro Näsman-Glaser
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Eriksson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Adamson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Rossmann
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Widén
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rudolf Horváth
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Medical School, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Semnan Medical University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Simona Vertuani
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Mellstedt
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Österborg
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Malyguine AM, Strobl S, Dunham K, Shurin MR, Sayers TJ. ELISPOT Assay for Monitoring Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL) Activity in Cancer Vaccine Clinical Trials. Cells 2012; 1:111-26. [PMID: 24710418 PMCID: PMC3901085 DOI: 10.3390/cells1020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The profiling and monitoring of immune responses are key elements in the evaluation of the efficacy and development of new biotherapies, and a number of assays have been introduced for analyzing various immune parameters before, during, and after immunotherapy. The choice of immune assays for a given clinical trial depends on the known or suggested immunomodulating mechanisms associated with the tested therapeutic modality. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity represents a key mechanism in the immune response to various pathogens and tumors. Therefore, the selection of monitoring methods for the appropriate assessment of cell-mediated cytotoxicity is thought to be crucial. Assays that can detect both cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) frequency and function, such as the IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) have gained increasing popularity for monitoring clinical trials and in basic research. Results from various clinical trials, including peptide and whole tumor cell vaccination and cytokine treatment, have shown the suitability of the IFN-γ ELISPOT assay for monitoring T cell responses. However, the Granzyme B ELISPOT assay and Perforin ELISPOT assay may represent a more direct analysis of cell-mediated cytotoxicity as compared to the IFN-γ ELISPOT, since Granzyme B and perforin are the key mediators of target cell death via the granule-mediated pathway. In this review we analyze our own data and the data reported by others with regard to the application of various modifications of ELISPOT assays for monitoring CTL activity in clinical vaccine trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli M Malyguine
- Applied and Developmental Research Support Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Susan Strobl
- Applied and Developmental Research Support Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Kimberly Dunham
- Applied and Developmental Research Support Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Michael R Shurin
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Thomas J Sayers
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Smahel M. Antigens in chronic myeloid leukemia: implications for vaccine development. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:1655-68. [PMID: 22033582 PMCID: PMC11028763 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with imatinib mesylate and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) revolutionized the therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, it alone does not cure this disease. Moreover, some patients develop resistance or adverse effects to this therapy. As successful treatment of a portion of CML patients by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) suggests the importance of immune mechanisms in the elimination of leukemic cells, including leukemia stem cells, TKI administration or HSCT might be combined with vaccination to cure CML patients. However, antigens implicated in the immune responses have not yet been sufficiently identified. Therefore, in this report, we compiled and characterized a list of 165 antigens associated with CML (CML-Ag165) and analyzed the expression of the corresponding genes in CML phases, subpopulations of leukemic cells, and CML-derived cell lines using available datasets from microarray transcriptional-profiling studies. From the CML-Ag165 list, we selected antigens most suitable for vaccine development and evaluated their appropriate characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Smahel
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Experimental Virology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tassev DV, Cheng M, Cheung NKV. Retargeting NK92 cells using an HLA-A2-restricted, EBNA3C-specific chimeric antigen receptor. Cancer Gene Ther 2011; 19:84-100. [PMID: 21979579 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2011.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advances in adoptive cell immunotherapy have led to several promising options for cancer patients. Single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) were isolated from a human phage display library by panning on recombinant human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2-peptide complexes. A scFv (EBNA Clone 315) specific for HLA-A2 carrying a 10 amino acid peptide (LLDFVRFMGV) derived from the Epstein-Barr virus latent protein EBNA3C was fully characterized. EBNA Clone 315 displayed exquisite specificity toward its targeted T-cell epitope (TCE) and did not cross-react with the free peptide, HLA-A2 complexes, which carried irrelevant peptides, or HLA-A2(-) cells. Furthermore, after engineering into a scFv-Fc fusion protein, we were able to determine its affinity, detection sensitivity, and ability to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). As a proof-of-principle, a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) version of EBNA Clone 315 was used to reprogram NK92MI cells. CAR-expressing NK92MI cells showed highly specific and potent cytotoxicity toward the targeted TCE, with detection sensitivity of approximately 25 molecules and cytolytic capacity threefold greater than scFv-Fc-mediated ADCC. For the first time, we show the successful reprogramming of non-T cells toward a specific TCE using a CAR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D V Tassev
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Telmer PG, Tolg C, McCarthy JB, Turley EA. How does a protein with dual mitotic spindle and extracellular matrix receptor functions affect tumor susceptibility and progression? Commun Integr Biol 2011; 4:182-5. [PMID: 21655434 DOI: 10.4161/cib.4.2.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for the oncogenic effects of the hyaluronan (HA) receptor and mitotic spindle binding protein, RHAMM, are poorly understood. On one hand, extracellular RHAMM interacts with HA and cellsurface receptors such as CD44 to coordinately activate the MAPK/ERK1,2 pathway, thus contributing to the spread and proliferation of tumor cells. On the other hand, intracellular RHAMM decorates mitotic spindles and is necessary for spindle formation and progression through G2/M and overexpression or loss of RHAMM can result in multipole spindles and chromosome missegregation. The deregulation of these intracellular functions could lead to genomic instability and fuel tumor progression. This suggests that both extracellular and intracellular RHAMM can promote tumor progression. Intracellular RHAMM can bind directly to ERK1 to form complexes with ERK2, MEK1 and ERK1,2 substrates, and we present a model whereby RHAMM's function is as a scaffold protein, controlling activation and targeting of ERK1,2 to specific substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Telmer
- London Regional Cancer Program; London Health Sciences Center; Departments Oncology and Biochemistry; Schulich School of Medicine; University of Western Ontario; London, ON Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nunes CT, Miners KL, Dolton G, Pepper C, Fegan C, Mason MD, Man S. A novel tumor antigen derived from enhanced degradation of bax protein in human cancers. Cancer Res 2011; 71:5435-44. [PMID: 21697278 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently exhibit defects in apoptosis, which contribute to increased survival and chemotherapeutic resistance. For example, genetic mutations or abnormal proteasomal degradation can reduce expression of Bax which limits apoptosis. In cancers where abnormal proteasomal degradation of Bax occurs, we hypothesized that Bax peptides that bind to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules would be generated for presentation to CD8(+) T cells. To test this hypothesis, we generated T cells against pooled Bax peptides, using the blood of healthy human donors. Although T-cell responses were of low frequency (0.15%), a CD8(+) T-cell clone (KSIVB17) was isolated that optimally recognized Bax(136-144) peptide (IMGWTLDFL) presented by HLA-A*0201. KSIVB17 was able to recognize and kill a variety of HLA-matched cancer cells including primary tumor cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). No reactivity was seen against HLA-matched, nontransformed cells such as PHA blasts and skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, KSIVB17 reactivity corresponded with the proteasomal degradation patterns of Bax protein observed in cancer cells. Taken together, our findings suggest a new concept for tumor antigens based on regulatory proteins that are ubiquitously expressed in normal cells, but that have abnormally enhanced degradation in cancer cells. Bax degradation products offer candidate immune antigens in cancers such as CLL in which increased Bax degradation correlates with poor clinical prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Trindade Nunes
- Departments of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bleakley M, Riddell SR. Exploiting T cells specific for human minor histocompatibility antigens for therapy of leukemia. Immunol Cell Biol 2011; 89:396-407. [PMID: 21301477 PMCID: PMC3061548 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Minor histocompatibility (H) antigens are major targets of a graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect mediated by donor CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) between human leukocyte antigen identical individuals. In the 15 years since the first molecular characterization of human minor H antigens, significant strides in minor H antigen discovery have been made as a consequence of advances in cellular, genetic and molecular techniques. Much has been learned about the mechanisms of minor H antigen immunogenicity, their expression on normal and malignant cells, and their role in GVL responses. T cells specific for minor H antigens expressed on leukemic cells, including leukemic stem cells, can be isolated and expanded in vitro and infused into allogeneic HCT recipients to augment the GVL effect to prevent and treat relapse. The first report of the adoptive transfer of minor H antigen-specific T-cell clones to patients with leukemic relapse in 2010 illustrates the potential for the manipulation of alloreactivity for therapeutic benefit. This review describes the recent developments in T-cell recognition of human minor H antigens, and efforts to translate these discoveries to reduce leukemia relapse after allogeneic HCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bleakley
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-981024, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bleakley M, Riddell SR. Exploiting T cells specific for human minor histocompatibility antigens for therapy of leukemia. Immunol Cell Biol 2011. [PMID: 21301477 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.124.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Minor histocompatibility (H) antigens are major targets of a graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect mediated by donor CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) between human leukocyte antigen identical individuals. In the 15 years since the first molecular characterization of human minor H antigens, significant strides in minor H antigen discovery have been made as a consequence of advances in cellular, genetic and molecular techniques. Much has been learned about the mechanisms of minor H antigen immunogenicity, their expression on normal and malignant cells, and their role in GVL responses. T cells specific for minor H antigens expressed on leukemic cells, including leukemic stem cells, can be isolated and expanded in vitro and infused into allogeneic HCT recipients to augment the GVL effect to prevent and treat relapse. The first report of the adoptive transfer of minor H antigen-specific T-cell clones to patients with leukemic relapse in 2010 illustrates the potential for the manipulation of alloreactivity for therapeutic benefit. This review describes the recent developments in T-cell recognition of human minor H antigens, and efforts to translate these discoveries to reduce leukemia relapse after allogeneic HCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bleakley
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-981024, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Veiseh M, Turley EA. Hyaluronan metabolism in remodeling extracellular matrix: probes for imaging and therapy of breast cancer. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:304-15. [PMID: 21264398 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00096e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental evidence increasingly support the concept of cancer as a disease that emulates a component of wound healing, in particular abnormal stromal extracellular matrix remodeling. Here we review the biology and function of one remodeling process, hyaluronan (HA) metabolism, which is essential for wound resolution but closely linked to breast cancer (BCA) progression. Components of the HA metabolic cycle (HAS2, SPAM1 and HA receptors CD44, RHAMM/HMMR and TLR2) are discussed in terms of their known functions in wound healing and in breast cancer progression. Finally, we discuss recent advances in the use of HA-based platforms for developing nanoprobes to image areas of active HA metabolism and for therapeutics in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Veiseh
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kuball J, de Boer K, Wagner E, Wattad M, Antunes E, Weeratna RD, Vicari AP, Lotz C, van Dorp S, Hol S, Greenberg PD, Heit W, Davis HL, Theobald M. Pitfalls of vaccinations with WT1-, Proteinase3- and MUC1-derived peptides in combination with MontanideISA51 and CpG7909. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 60:161-71. [PMID: 20963411 PMCID: PMC3024516 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
T cells with specificity for antigens derived from Wilms Tumor gene (WT1), Proteinase3 (Pr3), and mucin1 (MUC1) have been demonstrated to lyse acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts and multiple-myeloma (MM) cells, and strategies to enhance or induce such tumor-specific T cells by vaccination are currently being explored in multiple clinical trials. To test safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine composed of WT1-, Pr3-, and MUC1-derived Class I-restricted peptides and the pan HLA-DR T helper cell epitope (PADRE) or MUC1-helper epitopes in combination with CpG7909 and MontanideISA51, four patients with AML and five with MM were repetitively vaccinated. No clinical responses were observed. Neither pre-existing nor naive WT1-/Pr3-/MUC1-specific CD8+ T cells expanded in vivo by vaccination. In contrast, a significant decline in vaccine-specific CD8+ T cells was observed. An increase in PADRE-specific CD4+ T helper cells was observed after vaccination but these appeared unable to produce IL2, and CD4+ T cells with a regulatory phenotype increased. Taken into considerations that multiple clinical trials with identical antigens but different adjuvants induced vaccine-specific T cell responses, our data caution that a vaccination with leukemia-associated antigens can be detrimental when combined with MontanideISA51 and CpG7909. Reflecting the time-consuming efforts of clinical trials and the fact that 1/3 of ongoing peptide vaccination trails use CpG and/or Montanide, our data need to be taken into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|