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Yuan L, Jiang X, Jia G, Li Z, Wang M, Hu S, Yang J, Liang F, Zhang F, Gao L, Gao N. Minnelide exhibits antileukemic activity by targeting the Ars2/miR-190a-3p axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155724. [PMID: 38759317 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of a novel and effective strategy for the clinical treatment of acute leukemia (AL) is a long-term goal. Minnelide, a water-soluble prodrug of triptolide, has recently been evaluated in phase I and II clinical trials in patients with multiple cancers and has shown promise as an antileukemic agent. However, the molecular mechanism underlying minnelide's antileukemic activity remains unclear. PURPOSE To explore the molecular mechanisms by which minnelide exhibits antileukemic activity. METHODS AL cells, primary human leukemia cells, and a xenograft mouse model were treated with triptolide and minnelide. The molecular mechanism was elucidated using western blotting, immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry, GSEA and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS Minnelide was highly effective in inhibiting leukemogenesis and improving survival in two complementary AL mouse models. Triptolide, an active form of minnelide, causes cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and induces apoptosis in both human AL cell lines and primary AL cells. Mechanistically, we identified Ars2 as a new chemotherapeutic target of minnelide for AL treatment. We found that triptolide directly targeted Ars2, resulting in the downregulation of miR-190a-3p, which led to the disturbance of PTEN/Akt signaling and culminated in G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that targeting Ars2/miR-190a-3p signaling using minnelide could represent a novel chemotherapeutic strategy for AL treatment and support the evaluation of minnelide for the treatment of AL in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, PR China
| | - Xiuxing Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Guanfei Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, PR China
| | - Siyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, PR China
| | - Jiawang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, PR China
| | - Feng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, PR China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, PR China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China.
| | - Ning Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, PR China.
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2
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Tian Q, Zhang P, Wang Y, Si Y, Yin D, Weber CR, Fishel ML, Pollok KE, Qiu B, Xiao F, Chong AS. A novel triptolide analog downregulates NF-κB and induces mitochondrial apoptosis pathways in human pancreatic cancer. eLife 2023; 12:e85862. [PMID: 37877568 PMCID: PMC10861173 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and despite advancements in disease management, the 5 -year survival rate stands at only 12%. Triptolides have potent anti-tumor activity against different types of cancers, including pancreatic cancer, however poor solubility and toxicity limit their translation into clinical use. We synthesized a novel pro-drug of triptolide, (E)-19-[(1'-benzoyloxy-1'-phenyl)-methylidene]-Triptolide (CK21), which was formulated into an emulsion for in vitro and in vivo testing in rats and mice, and used human pancreatic cancer cell lines and patient-derived pancreatic tumor organoids. A time-course transcriptomic profiling of tumor organoids treated with CK21 in vitro was conducted to define its mechanism of action, as well as transcriptomic profiling at a single time point post-CK21 administration in vivo. Intravenous administration of emulsified CK21 resulted in the stable release of triptolide, and potent anti-proliferative effects on human pancreatic cancer cell lines and patient-derived pancreatic tumor organoids in vitro, and with minimal toxicity in vivo. Time course transcriptomic profiling of tumor organoids treated with CK21 in vitro revealed <10 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 3 hr and ~8,000 DEGs at 12 hr. Overall inhibition of general RNA transcription was observed, and Ingenuity pathway analysis together with functional cellular assays confirmed inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, increased oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading ultimately to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduced B-cell-lymphoma protein 2 (BCL2) expression, and mitochondrial-mediated tumor cell apoptosis. Thus, CK21 is a novel pro-drug of triptolide that exerts potent anti-proliferative effects on human pancreatic tumors by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, leading ultimately to mitochondrial-mediated tumor cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaomu Tian
- Department of Surgery, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Cinkate Pharmaceutical Corp, ZhangJiang DistrictShanghaiChina
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Surgery, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Youhui Si
- Department of Surgery, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Dengping Yin
- Department of Surgery, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | | | - Melissa L Fishel
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Karen E Pollok
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Bo Qiu
- Cinkate Pharmaceutical Corp, ZhangJiang DistrictShanghaiChina
| | - Fei Xiao
- Cinkate Pharmaceutical Corp, ZhangJiang DistrictShanghaiChina
| | - Anita S Chong
- Department of Surgery, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
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3
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Tamgue O, Chia JE, Brombacher F. Triptolide Modulates the Expression of Inflammation-Associated lncRNA-PACER and lincRNA-p21 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Monocyte-Derived Macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:618462. [PMID: 33912039 PMCID: PMC8071990 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.618462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide is a diterpene triepoxide, which performs its biological activities via mechanisms including induction of apoptosis, targeting of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reshaping of the epigenetic landscape of target cells. However, the targeting of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) by triptolide has not yet been investigated, despite their emerging roles as key epigenetic regulators of inflammation and immune cell function during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Hence, we investigated whether triptolide targets inflammation-associated lncRNA-PACER and lincRNA-p21 and how this targeting associates with Mtb killing within monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs).Using RT-qPCR, we found that triptolide induced the expression of lincRNA-p21 but inhibited the expression of lncRNA-PACER in resting MDMs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, Mtb infection induced the expression of lincRNA-p21 and lncRNA-PACER, and exposure to triptolide before or after Mtb infection led to further increase of Mtb-induced expression of these lncRNAs in MDMs. We further found that contrary to lncRNA-PACER, triptolide time- and dose-dependently upregulated Ptgs-2, which is a proximal gene regulated by lncRNA-PACER. Also, low-concentration triptolide inhibited the expression of cytokine IL-6, a known target of lincRNA-p21. Mtb infection induced the expression of IL-6 and Ptgs-2, and triptolide treatment further increased IL-6 but decreased Ptgs-2 expression in Mtb-infected MDMs. The inverse relation between the expression of these lncRNAs and their target genes is concordant with the conception that these lncRNAs mediate, at least partially, the cytotoxic and/or anti-inflammatory activities of triptolide in both resting and activated MDMs. Using the CFU count method, we found that triptolide decreased the intracellular growth of Mtb HN878. The alamarBlue assay showed that this decreased Mtb HN878 growth was not as a result of direct targeting of Mtb HN878 by triptolide, but rather evoking MDMs’ intracellular killing mechanisms which we speculate could include triptolide-induced enhancement of MDMs’ effector killing functions mediated by lncRNA-PACER and lincRNA-p21. Altogether, these results provide proof of the modulation of lncRNA-PACER and lincRNA-p21 expression by triptolide, and a possible link between these lncRNAs, the enhancement of MDMs’ effector killing functions and the intracellular Mtb-killing activities of triptolide. These findings prompt for further investigation of the precise contribution of these lncRNAs to triptolide-induced activities in MDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousman Tamgue
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julius Ebua Chia
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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4
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Fang T, Liu L, Liu W. Network pharmacology-based strategy for predicting therapy targets of Tripterygium wilfordii on acute myeloid leukemia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23546. [PMID: 33327305 PMCID: PMC7738111 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a study on the potential therapeutic targets and pharmacological mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii (TW) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) based on network pharmacology.Active components of TW were obtained by network pharmacology through oral bioavailability, drug-likeness filtration. Comparative analysis was used to investigate the overlapping genes between active ingredient's targets and AML treatment-related targets. Using STRING database to analyze interactions among overlapping genes. Both KEGG pathway analysis and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis were conducted in DAVID. These genes were analyzed for survival in OncoLnc database.We screened 53 active ingredients; the results of comparative analysis showed that 8 active ingredients had an effect on AML treatment. On the basis of the active ingredients and overlapping genes, we constructed the Drug-Compounds-Genes-Disease Network. Survival analysis of overlapping genes indicated that some targets possessed a significant influence on patients' survival and prognosis. The enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways of targets were Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway.This study, using a network pharmacologic approach, provides another strategy that can help us to understand the mechanisms by which TW treats AML comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Fang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
| | - Lanqin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
- Birth Defects Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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5
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Wang Y, Wang B, Yang X. The Study of Cellular Mechanism of Triptolide in the Treatment of Cancer, Bone Loss and Cardiovascular Disease and Triptolide's Toxicity. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:18-23. [PMID: 30834841 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190301155810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide (TPL), the active component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (Twhf) has been used to treat cancer and bone loss conditions for over two hundred years in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this paper, we reviewed the specific molecular mechanisms in the treatment of cancer, bone loss and cardiovascular disease. In addition, we analyze the toxicity of TPL and collect some optimized derivatives extracted from TPL. Although positive results were obtained in most cell culture and animal studies, further studies are needed to substantiate the beneficial effects of TPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhan Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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6
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Zhang H, Lu G. Synthesis of celastrol derivatives as potential non-nucleoside hepatitis B virus inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:1380-1386. [PMID: 32573976 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of para-quinone methide (pQM) moiety and C-20- modified derivatives of celastrol were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory effect on the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg as well as the inhibitory effect against HBV DNA replication. The results suggested that amidation of C-20 carboxylic group could generate derivatives with good anti-HBV profile, among them compound 14 showed the best inhibitory activity on the secretion of HBsAg (IC50 = 11.9 µμ) and HBeAg (IC50 = 13.1 µμ) with SI of 3.3 and 3.0, respectively. In addition, 14 also showed potent inhibitory effect against HBV DNA replication (48.5 ± 15.1%, 25 µM). This is, to our knowledge, the first report of celastrol derivatives as potential non-nucleoside HBV inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Beijing BeiqinBiotech Co. Ltd., Xinggu Economic Development Zone, Beijing, China
| | - Gongxi Lu
- Beijing BeiqinBiotech Co. Ltd., Xinggu Economic Development Zone, Beijing, China
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7
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Zhang K, Ma Y, Guo Y, Sun T, Wu J, Pangeni RP, Lin M, Li W, Horne D, Raz DJ. Cetuximab-Triptolide Conjugate Suppresses the Growth of EGFR-Overexpressing Lung Cancers through Targeting RNA Polymerase II. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 18:304-316. [PMID: 32775615 PMCID: PMC7394741 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To overcome poor pharmacokinetics and toxicity of triptolide (TPL), a natural compound that exhibits potent anticancer activities, we developed a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) to specifically deliver TPL to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-overexpressing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and others. The ADC (Cet-TPL) is made by conjugation of TPL to lysine residues of cetuximab (Cet), a clinically available anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody. Studies of antitumor efficacy demonstrated that Cet-TPL drastically suppressed in vitro proliferation and in vivo growth of these EGFR-overexpressing cancers, including NSCLC A549 and H1299 cells and two patient-derived xenografts, and head and neck squamous carcinoma UM-SCC6 cell, while it did not inhibit the proliferation and growth of NSCLC H520 that rarely expresses EGFR. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that Cet-TPL was effectively internalized and transported into lysosomes of EGFR-overexpressing cells. Cet-TPL effectively led to degradation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and demethylation of histone H3 lysines, and significantly induced apoptosis in these EGFR-overexpressing cancers. Compared with TPL, Cet, or their combination, Cet-TPL displayed higher target-specific cytotoxicity against EGFR-expressing cancers and much lower in vivo toxicity. In addition, Cet-TPL efficiently suppressed the activated EGFR pathway in UM-SCC6 cancer cells. Taken together, Cet-TPL represents a potent targeting therapeutic agent against EGFR-overexpressing NSCLC and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuelong Ma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuming Guo
- Division of Comparative Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ting Sun
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Division of Comparative Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Rajendra P Pangeni
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wendong Li
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Dan J Raz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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8
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Fu J, Zang Y, Zhou Y, Chen C, Shao S, Hu M, Shi G, Wu L, Zhang D, Zhang T. A novel triptolide derivative ZT01 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by targeting TAK1 to prevent macrophage polarization into pro-inflammatory phenotype. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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9
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Tan Y, Wu Q, Zhou F. Targeting acute myeloid leukemia stem cells: Current therapies in development and potential strategies with new dimensions. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 152:102993. [PMID: 32502928 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High relapse rate of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still a crucial problem despite considerable advances in anti-cancer therapies. One crucial cause of relapse is the existence of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) with self-renewal ability, which contribute to repeated treatment resistance and recurrence. Treatments targeting LSCs, especially in combination with existing chemotherapy regimens or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation might help achieve a higher complete remission rate and improve overall survival. Many novel agents of different therapeutic strategies that aim to modulate LSCs self-renewal, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation are under investigation. In this review, we summarize the latest advances of different therapies in development based on the biological characteristics of LSCs, with particular attention on natural products, synthetic compounds, antibody therapies, and adoptive cell therapies that promote the LSC eradication. We also explore the causes of AML recurrence and proposed potential strategies with new dimensions for targeting LSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Tan
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuji Wu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Huang WJ, Liu WJ, Xiao YH, Zheng HJ, Xiao Y, Jia Q, Jiang HX, Zhu ZB, Xia CH, Han XT, Sun RX, Nan H, Feng ZD, Wang SD, Zhao JX. Tripterygium and its extracts for diabetic nephropathy: Efficacy and pharmacological mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 121:109599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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11
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Noel P, Von Hoff DD, Saluja AK, Velagapudi M, Borazanci E, Han H. Triptolide and Its Derivatives as Cancer Therapies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:327-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Wu H, Wu Y, Ren L, Zhai W, Jiang Y, Guo S, Tao D, Su C, Chen Z, Jiang H. Effects of triptolide on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from patients with multiple myeloma. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3291-3298. [PMID: 30988704 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TPL), an extract of the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that further possesses anticancer activity. Its antiproliferative effects are well established. Only few studies have focused on TPL as a potential treatment in multiple myeloma (MM). In the current study, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) from patients with MM were isolated and treated with TPL at varying concentrations. Thalidomide is currently used as a positive control drug in the treatment of MM. Cell Counting kit-8 assays were performed to assess proliferation activity and flow cytometry with Annexin V-fluorescein/propidium iodide was used to detect cell apoptosis of TPL-treated BMMSCs. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were applied to measure interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and stem cell factor (SCF or Kit ligand) mRNA expression and western blot assays were performed to analyze transcription factor p65 (P65) expression in TPL-treated BMMSCs. ELISA was applied to measure vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in the supernatant of the cultured and treated BMMSCs. TPL treatment significantly inhibited BMMSC proliferation compared with the untreated control (P<0.05). At 48 h following TPL treatment, a Cell Counting kit-8 study was performed and the IC50 value was determined at 101.55±2.45 ng/ml. Apoptotic rates were observed to increase with increasing concentrations of TPL (P<0.001), and IL-6, IL-1β and SCF mRNA expression was significantly decreased with increasing TPL (P<0.001). P65 expression following TPL treatment was significantly decreased compared with the untreated control (P<0.05). VEGF levels were significantly reduced in the presence of increasing amounts of TPL (P<0.05). These findings suggest that TPL inhibited BMMSC growth and improved the bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment by decreasing IL-6, IL-1β and SCF mRNA expression, subsequently inhibiting the proliferation of MM cells. Therefore, TPL may be used in the future to treat patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wu
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Yuanting Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Wo Zhai
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Yuxia Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Guo
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Diehong Tao
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Chuanyong Su
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Zhilu Chen
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
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13
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Fan D, Guo Q, Shen J, Zheng K, Lu C, Zhang G, Lu A, He X. The Effect of Triptolide in Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Basic Research towards Clinical Translation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020376. [PMID: 29373547 PMCID: PMC5855598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TP), a major extract of the herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), has been shown to exert potent pharmacological effects, especially an immunosuppressive effect in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, its multiorgan toxicity prevents it from being widely used in clinical practice. Recently, several attempts are being performed to reduce TP toxicity. In this review, recent progress in the use of TP for RA, including its pharmacological effects and toxicity, is summarized. Meanwhile, strategies relying on chemical structural modifications, innovative delivery systems, and drug combinations to alleviate the disadvantages of TP are also reviewed. Furthermore, we also discuss the challenges and perspectives in their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Fan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Qingqing Guo
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - Jiawen Shen
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Kang Zheng
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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14
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Hu XF, He XT, Zhou KX, Zhang C, Zhao WJ, Zhang T, Li JL, Deng JP, Dong YL. The analgesic effects of triptolide in the bone cancer pain rats via inhibiting the upregulation of HDACs in spinal glial cells. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:213. [PMID: 29096654 PMCID: PMC5668986 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone cancer pain (BCP) severely compromises the quality of life, while current treatments are still unsatisfactory. Here, we tested the antinociceptive effects of triptolide (T10), a substance with considerable anti-tumor efficacies on BCP, and investigated the underlying mechanisms targeting the spinal dorsal horn (SDH). Methods Intratibial inoculation of Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cells was used to establish a BCP model in rats. T10 was intrathecally injected, and mechanical allodynia was tested by measuring the paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs). In mechanism study, the activation of microglia, astrocytes, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in the SDH were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining or Western blot analysis of Iba-1, GFAP, p-ERK, p-p38, and p-JNK. The expression and cellular localization of histone deacetylases (HDACs) 1 and 2 were also detected to investigate molecular mechanism. Results Intrathecal injection of T10 inhibited the bone cancer-induced mechanical allodynia with an ED50 of 5.874 μg/kg. This effect was still observed 6 days after drug withdrawal. Bone cancer caused significantly increased expression of HDAC1 in spinal microglia and neurons, with HDAC2 markedly increased in spinal astrocytes, which were accompanied by the upregulation of MAPK pathways and the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the SDH. T10 reversed the increase of HDACs, especially those in glial cells, and inhibited the glial activation. Conclusions Our results suggest that the upregulation of HDACs contributes to the pathological activation of spinal glial cells and the chronic pain caused by bone cancer, while T10 help to relieve BCP possibly via inhibiting the upregulation of HDACs in the glial cells in the SDH and then blocking the neuroinflammation induced by glial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fan Hu
- Department of Human Anatomy & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Tao He
- Department of Human Anatomy & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Kai-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Student Brigade, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Student Brigade, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Student Brigade, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jin-Lian Li
- Department of Human Anatomy & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Jian-Ping Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Yu-Lin Dong
- Department of Human Anatomy & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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15
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Triptolide Reduces the Required Dose of Tacrolimus by Attenuating Inflammation, Enhancing Immunosuppression, and Increasing Donor Chimerism in a Heterotopic Hindlimb Transplantation Model. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 138:1243-1253. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000002770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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16
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The triptolide derivative MRx102 inhibits Wnt pathway activation and has potent anti-tumor effects in lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:439. [PMID: 27400883 PMCID: PMC4939706 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The natural compound triptolide has been shown to decrease cell proliferation and induce apoptosis and cellular senescence. We previously demonstrated that triptolide decreases tumor formation and metastasis of human non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC). Due to the toxicity of triptolide, derivatives of the natural compound have been developed that show more favorable toxicity profiles and pharmacokinetics in animal models. The purpose of this study was to evaluate MRx102 as a novel therapeutic for lung cancer. METHODS Mice injected subcutaneously with H460 lung cancer cells were treated with MRx102 or carboplatin to determine the effect of MRx102 on tumor formation in comparison to standard treatment. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) with different WIF1 expression levels were treated with MRx102 or cisplatin. We tested the effects of MRx102 treatment on migration and invasion of lung cancer cells using Transwell filters coated with fibronectin and Matrigel, respectively. Tail vein injections using H460 and A549 cells were performed. RESULTS Here we report that the triptolide derivative MRx102 significantly decreases NSCLC proliferation and stimulates apoptosis. Further, MRx102 potently inhibits NSCLC haptotactic migration and invasion through Matrigel. In vivo, NSCLC tumor formation and metastasis were greatly decreased by MRx102 treatment. The decrease in tumor formation by MRx102 in the patient-derived xenograft model was WIF1-dependent, demonstrating that MRx102 is a potent inhibitor of the Wnt pathway in low WIF1 expressing NSCLC patient tumors. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that MRx102 has potent antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, and is a potential novel therapy for the treatment of NSCLC.
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17
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Ziaei S, Halaby R. Immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of triptolide: A mini review. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2016; 6:149-64. [PMID: 27222828 PMCID: PMC4877967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Triptolide, the active component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F has been used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory conditions for over two hundred years in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the processes through which triptolide exerts immunosuppression and anti-inflammation are not understood well. In this review, we discuss the autoimmune disorders and inflammatory conditions that are currently treated with triptolide. Triptolide also possesses anti-tumorigenic effects. We discuss the toxicity of various triptolide derivatives and offer suggestions to improve its safety. This study also examines the clinical trials that have investigated the efficacy of triptolide. Our aim is to examine the mechanisms that are responsible for the immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects of triptolide. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present review provides a comprehensive summary of the literature with respect to the immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties of triptolide. RESULTS Triptolide possesses immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. CONCLUSION Triptolide can be used alone or in combination with existing therapeutic modalities as novel treatments for autoimmune disorders, cancers, and for immunosuppression.
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18
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Mohammad RM, Muqbil I, Lowe L, Yedjou C, Hsu HY, Lin LT, Siegelin MD, Fimognari C, Kumar NB, Dou QP, Yang H, Samadi AK, Russo GL, Spagnuolo C, Ray SK, Chakrabarti M, Morre JD, Coley HM, Honoki K, Fujii H, Georgakilas AG, Amedei A, Niccolai E, Amin A, Ashraf SS, Helferich WG, Yang X, Boosani CS, Guha G, Bhakta D, Ciriolo MR, Aquilano K, Chen S, Mohammed SI, Keith WN, Bilsland A, Halicka D, Nowsheen S, Azmi AS. Broad targeting of resistance to apoptosis in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S78-S103. [PMID: 25936818 PMCID: PMC4720504 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis or programmed cell death is natural way of removing aged cells from the body. Most of the anti-cancer therapies trigger apoptosis induction and related cell death networks to eliminate malignant cells. However, in cancer, de-regulated apoptotic signaling, particularly the activation of an anti-apoptotic systems, allows cancer cells to escape this program leading to uncontrolled proliferation resulting in tumor survival, therapeutic resistance and recurrence of cancer. This resistance is a complicated phenomenon that emanates from the interactions of various molecules and signaling pathways. In this comprehensive review we discuss the various factors contributing to apoptosis resistance in cancers. The key resistance targets that are discussed include (1) Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 proteins; (2) autophagy processes; (3) necrosis and necroptosis; (4) heat shock protein signaling; (5) the proteasome pathway; (6) epigenetic mechanisms; and (7) aberrant nuclear export signaling. The shortcomings of current therapeutic modalities are highlighted and a broad spectrum strategy using approaches including (a) gossypol; (b) epigallocatechin-3-gallate; (c) UMI-77 (d) triptolide and (e) selinexor that can be used to overcome cell death resistance is presented. This review provides a roadmap for the design of successful anti-cancer strategies that overcome resistance to apoptosis for better therapeutic outcome in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Interim translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Clement Yedjou
- C-SET, [Jackson, #229] State University, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Hsue-Yin Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Markus David Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Nagi B Kumar
- Moffit Cancer Center, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit MI, United States
| | - Huanjie Yang
- The School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | | | - Gian Luigi Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Carmela Spagnuolo
- Institute of Food Sciences National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Mrinmay Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - James D Morre
- Mor-NuCo, Inc, Purdue Research Park, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Helen M Coley
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, university of florence, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, university of florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, United Arab Emirates
| | - William G Helferich
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Xujuan Yang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, School of Medicine Creighton University, Omaha NE, United States
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - Sophie Chen
- Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Ireland
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Ireland
| | - Dorota Halicka
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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19
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Ding X, Zhou X, Jiang B, Zhao Q, Zhou G. Triptolide suppresses proliferation, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and c-Myc expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4508-4513. [PMID: 26094625 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TL) is known to suppress the proliferation of a number of pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro. Marked antitumor effects were also observed in a xenograft model of pancreatic cancer. Hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α (HIF‑1α) is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer cells lines. The present study therefore tested the hypothesis that suppression of HIF‑1α is associated with the antitumor activity of TL. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to determine the level of gene expression. A xenograft tumor model of pancreatic cancer was established in athymic nude mice and the tumor size was measured to evaluate the outcome of TL treatment. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of HIF‑1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and to assess microvessel density. Microarray was used to investigate gene expression in pancreatic cancer cells following TL treatment. The expression of HIF‑1α was shown to be reduced in pancreatic cell lines following treatment with TL, and this effect occurred in a dose‑dependent manner. In a xenograft model of pancreatic cancer, reduced levels of HIF‑1α were also observed in mice that were treated with TL. Furthermore, the expression of VEGF, which is a direct target of HIF‑1α, was also suppressed, and the microvessel density of tumor tissues was consequently reduced. A microarray analysis of gene expression was performed in order to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of TL. The results showed that 11 genes, including c‑Myc, SOX9 and Ets2, were downregulated at an early stage following treatment with TL. A recent study indicated that overexpression of c‑Myc in colon cancer cells promotes increased expression of HIF‑1α and VEGF. Therefore, TL may suppress HIF‑1α through a c‑Myc‑dependent mechanism, which is involved in antitumor effects in mouse models of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Guoxiong Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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Nobiletin suppresses the proliferation and induces apoptosis involving MAPKs and caspase-8/-9/-3 signals in human acute myeloid leukemia cells. Tumour Biol 2014. [PMID: 25164609 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014 -2457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nobiletin, a compound isolated from citrus fruits, is a polymethoxylated flavone derivative that was shown to have anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities in various solid tumors. The anticancer effect of nobiletin on nonsolid tumor remains unclear. Herein, the molecular mechanisms by which nobiletin exerts its anticancer effects on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells were investigated. The results showed that nobiletin suppressed cell proliferation in various types of AML cell lines. Moreover, nobiletin induced cell-cycle arrest of HL-60 AML cells at the G0/G1 phase by suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. Furthermore, nobiletin effectively induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells through caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspases-3 activation concomitantly with a marked induction of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, but without affecting expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, or Bid. Taken together, our results suggest that nobiletin inhibited HL-60 cell proliferation through inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis and could serve as a potential additional chemotherapeutic agent for treating AML.
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Hsiao PC, Lee WJ, Yang SF, Tan P, Chen HY, Lee LM, Chang JL, Lai GM, Chow JM, Chien MH. Nobiletin suppresses the proliferation and induces apoptosis involving MAPKs and caspase-8/-9/-3 signals in human acute myeloid leukemia cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11903-11. [PMID: 25164609 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nobiletin, a compound isolated from citrus fruits, is a polymethoxylated flavone derivative that was shown to have anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities in various solid tumors. The anticancer effect of nobiletin on nonsolid tumor remains unclear. Herein, the molecular mechanisms by which nobiletin exerts its anticancer effects on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells were investigated. The results showed that nobiletin suppressed cell proliferation in various types of AML cell lines. Moreover, nobiletin induced cell-cycle arrest of HL-60 AML cells at the G0/G1 phase by suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. Furthermore, nobiletin effectively induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells through caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspases-3 activation concomitantly with a marked induction of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, but without affecting expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, or Bid. Taken together, our results suggest that nobiletin inhibited HL-60 cell proliferation through inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis and could serve as a potential additional chemotherapeutic agent for treating AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ching Hsiao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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22
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Hsiao PC, Chou YE, Tan P, Lee WJ, Yang SF, Chow JM, Chen HY, Lin CH, Lee LM, Chien MH. Pterostilbene simultaneously induced G0/G1-phase arrest and MAPK-mediated mitochondrial-derived apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105342. [PMID: 25144448 PMCID: PMC4140770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pterostilbene (PTER) is a dimethylated analog of the phenolic phytoalexin, resveratrol, with higher anticancer activity in various tumors. Herein, the molecular mechanisms by which PTER exerts its anticancer effects against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells were investigated. Methodology and Principal Findings Results showed that PTER suppressed cell proliferation in various AML cell lines. PTER-induced G0/G1-phase arrest occurred when expressions of cyclin D3 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2/6 were inhibited. PTER-induced cell apoptosis occurred through activation of caspases-8-9/-3, and a mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP)-dependent pathway. Moreover, treatment of HL-60 cells with PTER induced sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2, and inhibition of both MAPKs by their specific inhibitors significantly abolished the PTER-induced activation of caspases-8/-9/-3. Of note, PTER-induced cell growth inhibition was only partially reversed by the caspase-3-specific inhibitor, Z-DEVE-FMK, suggesting that this compound may also act through a caspase-independent pathway. Interestingly, we also found that PTER promoted disruption of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and release of activated cathepsin B. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggest that PTER induced HL-60 cell death via MAPKs-mediated mitochondria apoptosis pathway and loss of LMP might be another cause for cell apoptosis induced by PTER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ching Hsiao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Erh Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peng Tan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Chow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Huang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ming Lee
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MHC); (LML)
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MHC); (LML)
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23
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Huang HL, Hsieh MJ, Chien MH, Chen HY, Yang SF, Hsiao PC. Glabridin mediate caspases activation and induces apoptosis through JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathway in human promyelocytic leukemia cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98943. [PMID: 24901249 PMCID: PMC4047044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glabridin, a prenylated isoflavonoid of G. glabra L. roots, has been associated with a wide range of biological properties such as regulation of energy metabolism, estrogenic, neuroprotective, anti-osteoporotic, and skin-whitening in previous studies. However, the effect of glabridin on tumor cells metastasis has not been clearly clarified. Here, the molecular mechanism by which glabridin anticancer effects in human promyelocytic leukemia cells was investigated. Methodology and Principal Findings The results showed that glabridin significantly inhibited cell proliferation of four AML cell lines (HL-60, MV4-11, U937, and THP-1). Furthermore, glabridin induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells through caspases-3, -8, and -9 activations and PARP cleavage in dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, western blot analysis also showed that glabridin increase phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 in dose- and time-dependent manner. Inhibition of p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 by specific inhibitors significantly abolished the glabridin-induced activation of the caspase-3, -8 and -9. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggest that glabridin induced HL-60 cell apoptosis through p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 pathways and could serve as a potential additional chemotherapeutic agent for treating AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Lien Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ching Hsiao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Fidler JM, An J, Carter BZ, Andreeff M. Preclinical antileukemic activity, toxicology, toxicokinetics and formulation development of triptolide derivative MRx102. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 73:961-74. [PMID: 24619497 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triptolide induces cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting RNA synthesis and signaling pathways like NF-κB. We compared triptolide prodrug MRx102 to triptolide to determine whether it displayed comparable efficacy and improved toxicology and toxicokinetic profiles. METHODS MV4-11 AML cells and cells from AML patients were analyzed for MRx102- and triptolide-induced cytotoxicity/apoptosis. MRx102 and triptolide were compared in toxicology/toxicokinetics studies in rat and dog using a new emulsion formulation. RESULTS MRx102 induced cytotoxicity in MV4-11 cells (IC50 = 15.2 nM, 7.29 nM for triptolide) and apoptosis in cells from AML patients (EC50 = 40.6 nM and 2.13 nM for triptolide). MRx102 and triptolide induced apoptosis in CD34+CD38- AML stem/progenitor cells with a similar difference in activity (EC50, MRx102 = 40.8 nM, triptolide = 2.14 nM). In a rat toxicology comparison using a new intravenous emulsion formulation, the MRx102 MTD was 4.5 mg/kg for males and 3 mg/kg for females; the triptolide MTD was 0.63 mg/kg for males and 0.317 mg/kg for females. The MRx102 NOAEL was 1.5-3.0 mg/kg, and the triptolide NOAEL was 0.05-0.15 mg/kg. Mean plasma concentrations for both MRx102 and triptolide decreased rapidly from a high C max following i.v. injection. Plasma triptolide levels stabilized at a consistent level through 2 h after MRx102 injection. Triptolide T 1/2,e values for MRx102-injected rats (~0.85 to ~3.7 h) were markedly greater than triptolide-injected rats (~0.15 to ~0.39 h), indicating more extended triptolide exposure with MRx102. MRx102 dog toxicology and toxicokinetics results are presented. CONCLUSIONS MRx102 was 20- to 60-fold safer than triptolide comparing rat NOAELs. This may be due to the improved toxicokinetic profile of MRx102 compared to triptolide using the emulsion formulation, with no high C max and more consistent early exposure to triptolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Fidler
- MyeloRx LLC, 941 Railroad Avenue, Vallejo, CA, 94592, USA,
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Triptolide induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of human laryngocarcinoma cells by enhancing p53 activities and suppressing E6-mediated p53 degradation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80784. [PMID: 24244715 PMCID: PMC3828261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide, an active compound extracted from Chinese herb Leigongteng (Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F.), shows a broad-spectrum of anticancer activity through its cytotoxicity. However, the efficacy of triptolide on laryngocarcinoma rarely been evaluated, and the mechanism by which triptolide-induced cellular apoptosis is still not well understood. In this study, we found that triptolide significantly inhibited the laryngocarcinoma HEp-2 cells proliferation, migration and survivability. Triptolide induces HEp-2 cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and apoptosis through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways since both caspase-8 and -9 are activated. Moreover, triptolide enhances p53 expression by increasing its stability via down-regulation of E6 and E6AP. Increased p53 transactivates down-stream target genes to initiate apoptosis. In addition, we found that short time treatment with triptolide induced DNA damage, which was consistent with the increase in p53. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of triptolide is decreased by p53 knockdown or use of caspases inhibitor. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that triptolide inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in laryngocarcinoma cells by enhancing p53 expression and activating p53 functions through induction of DNA damage and suppression of E6 mediated p53 degradation. These studies indicate that triptolide is a potential anti-laryngocarcinoma drug.
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Hsiao PC, Hsieh YH, Chow JM, Yang SF, Hsiao M, Hua KT, Lin CH, Chen HY, Chien MH. Hispolon induces apoptosis through JNK1/2-mediated activation of a caspase-8, -9, and -3-dependent pathway in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and inhibits AML xenograft tumor growth in vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10063-73. [PMID: 24093560 DOI: 10.1021/jf402956m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hispolon is an active phenolic compound of Phellinus igniarius, a mushroom that was recently shown to have antioxidant and anticancer activities in various solid tumors. Here, the molecular mechanisms by which hispolon exerts anticancer effects in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells was investigated. The results showed that hispolon suppressed cell proliferation in the various AML cell lines. Furthermore, hispolon effectively induced apoptosis of HL-60 AML cells through caspases-8, -9, and -3 activations and PARP cleavage. Moreover, treatment of HL-60 cells with hispolon induced sustained activation of JNK1/2, and inhibition of JNK by JNK1/2 inhibitor or JNK1/2-specific siRNA significantly abolished the hispolon-induced activation of the caspase-8/-9/-3. In vivo, hispolon significantly reduced tumor growth in mice with HL-60 tumor xenografts. In hispolon-treated tumors, activation of caspase-3 and a decrease in Ki67-positive cells were observed. Our results indicated that hispolon may have the potential to serve as a therapeutic tool to treat AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ching Hsiao
- School of Medicine, ‡Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, and §Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University , No. 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo N Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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Ben Yebdri F, Van Grevenynghe J, Tang VA, Goulet ML, Wu JH, Stojdl DF, Hiscott J, Lin R. Triptolide-mediated inhibition of interferon signaling enhances vesicular stomatitis virus-based oncolysis. Mol Ther 2013; 21:2043-53. [PMID: 23985699 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical trials demonstrated that use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) is a promising new therapeutic approach to treat multiple types of cancer. To further improve their viral oncolysis, experimental strategies are now combining OVs with different cytotoxic compounds. In this study, we investigated the capacity of triptolide - a natural anticancer molecule - to enhance vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) oncolysis in OV-resistant cancer cells. Triptolide treatment increased VSV replication in the human prostate cancer cell line PC3 and in other VSV-resistant cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, triptolide (TPL) inhibited the innate antiviral response by blocking type I interferon (IFN) signaling, downstream of IRF3 activation. Furthermore, triptolide-enhanced VSV-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion in VSV-resistant cells, as measured by annexin-V, cleaved caspase-3, and B-cell lymphoma 2 staining. In vivo, using the TSA mammary adenocarcinoma and PC3 mouse xenograft models, combination treatment with VSV and triptolide delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing animals by enhancing viral replication. Together, these results demonstrate that triptolide inhibition of IFN production sensitizes prostate cancer cells to VSV replication and virus-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fethia Ben Yebdri
- Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Ma JX, Sun YL, Wang YQ, Wu HY, Jin J, Yu XF. Triptolide Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits the Growth and Angiogenesis of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Downregulating COX-2 and VEGF. Oncol Res 2013; 20:359-68. [DOI: 10.3727/096504013x13657689382932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Heimberger T, Andrulis M, Riedel S, Stühmer T, Schraud H, Beilhack A, Bumm T, Bogen B, Einsele H, Bargou RC, Chatterjee M. The heat shock transcription factor 1 as a potential new therapeutic target in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2012; 160:465-76. [PMID: 23252346 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) has recently been reported to promote malignant transformation and growth. Here we provide experimental evidence for a role of HSF1 in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM). Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that HSF1 was overexpressed in half of the investigated MM samples, including virtually all cases with extramedullary manifestations or anaplastic morphology. HSF1 function was inhibited either by siRNA-mediated knockdown or pharmacologically through treatment with triptolide. Both approaches caused depletion of HSF1, lowered the constitutively high expression of a multitude of protective HSPs (such as HSP90, HSP70, HSP40 and HSP27), induced apoptosis in human MM cells in vitro, and strongly reduced MM tumour growth in vivo. Furthermore, we observed that treatment-induced upregulation of HSPs after proteasome or HSP90 inhibition was critically dependent on HSF1. Importantly, the apoptotic effects of the HSP90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 or the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib were strongly enhanced in combination with triptolide, suggesting a salvage role of HSF1-dependent HSP induction in response to drug treatment. Collectively, our data indicate that inhibition of HSF1 affects multiple protective HSPs and might therefore represent a therapeutic strategy - in particular in combination with proteasome or HSP90 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Heimberger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Wang H, Chen P, Wang J, Santhanam R, Aimiuwu J, Saradhi UVV, Liu Z, Schwind S, Mims A, Byrd JC, Grever MR, Villalona-Calero MA, Klisovic R, Walker A, Garzon R, Blum W, Chan KK, Marcucci G. In vivo quantification of active decitabine-triphosphate metabolite: a novel pharmacoanalytical endpoint for optimization of hypomethylating therapy in acute myeloid leukemia. AAPS JOURNAL 2012. [PMID: 23180159 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-012-9427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Decitabine (DAC) is used for treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Following cellular uptake, DAC is activated to DAC-triphosphate (TP) and incorporated into DNA. Once incorporated into the DNA, DAC-TP binds and inactivates DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), thereby leading to hypomethylation and re-expression of epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor genes and ultimately antileukemia activity. However, direct evidence of in vivo DAC-TP occurrence in DAC-treated patients has been difficult to demonstrate due to a lack of suitable validated analytical methodology. Thus, we developed and validated a nonradioactive sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS assay for quantification of DAC-TP. The assay is linear from 50 to 1,000 nM and from 1 to 10 μM and has a lower limit of quantitation of 50 nM and a coefficient of variation for both within- and between-day precision <20%. Following DAC treatment, we detected DAC-TP in parental and DAC-resistant AML cells (in vitro) and bone marrow (BM) and spleen of normal and leukemic mice (in vivo). Downregulation of DNMTs and correlation of DAC-TP concentration with proteins involved in mechanisms of DAC resistance were also demonstrated. The clinical applicability of this method was proven by measuring DAC-TP level in BM and blood mononuclear cells from DAC-treated AML patients. Higher levels are seemingly associated with clinical response. Monitoring the DAC-TP intracellular level may serve as a novel pharmacological endpoint for designing more effective DAC-based regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Bodeker G. Integrative oncology meets immunotherapy: new prospects for combination therapy grounded in Eastern medical knowledge. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 18:652-62. [PMID: 22936318 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As cancer rates rise globally, standard care is being questioned; new approaches involving immune therapies are emerging. With this shift comes a corresponding shift in the use and potential of herbal medicines and extracts. The focus of this article, which has evolved from a presentation at the Second Beijing International Symposium on Integrative Medicine (BISIM May 19-20, 2012), is particularly on Chinese medicine, but is generalizable to Eastern medicine more broadly and to other herbal traditions. Until recently, herbal and related treatments have been used as adjuvants to conventional care - for reducing side-effects, enhancing cytotoxicity, and sometimes, undesirably counteracting the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation. Now, in the context of a new class of immune-based cancer therapies, herbal and other complementary modalities are looked at as enhancers of the body's immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Bodeker
- Global Initiative for Traditional Systems (GIFTS) of Health, Oxford, UK.
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Zhou ZL, Yang YX, Ding J, Li YC, Miao ZH. Triptolide: structural modifications, structure-activity relationships, bioactivities, clinical development and mechanisms. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:457-75. [PMID: 22270059 DOI: 10.1039/c2np00088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide, a principal bioactive ingredient of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, has attracted extensive exploration due to its unique structure of a diterpenoid triepoxide and multiple biological activities. This review will focus on the structural modifications, structure-activity relationships, pharmacology, and clinical development of triptolide in the last forty years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Li Zhou
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
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