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Liu ZD, Shi YH, Xu QC, Zhao GY, Zhu YQ, Li FX, Ma MJ, Ye JY, Huang XT, Wang XY, Xu X, Wang JQ, Zhao W, Yin XY. CSNK2A1 confers gemcitabine resistance to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via inducing autophagy. Cancer Lett 2024; 585:216640. [PMID: 38290659 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Gemcitabine, a pivotal chemotherapeutic agent for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), frequently encounters drug resistance, posing a significant clinical challenge with implications for PDAC patient prognosis. In this study, employing an integrated approach involving bioinformatic analyses from multiple databases, we unveil CSNK2A1 as a key regulatory factor. The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model further substantiates the critical role of CSNK2A1 in gemcitabine resistance within the context of PDAC. Additionally, targeted silencing of CSNK2A1 expression significantly enhances sensitivity of PDAC cells to gemcitabine treatment. Mechanistically, CSNK2A1's transcriptional regulation is mediated by H3K27 acetylation in PDAC. Moreover, we identify CSNK2A1 as a pivotal activator of autophagy, and enhanced autophagy drives gemcitabine resistance. Silmitasertib, an established CSNK2A1 inhibitor, can effectively inhibit autophagy. Notably, the combinatorial treatment of Silmitasertib with gemcitabine demonstrates remarkable efficacy in treating PDAC. In summary, our study reveals CSNK2A1 as a potent predictive factor for gemcitabine resistance in PDAC. Moreover, targeted CSNK2A1 inhibition by Silmitasertib represents a promising therapeutic strategy to restore gemcitabine sensitivity in PDAC, offering hope for improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-De Liu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yin-Hao Shi
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiong-Cong Xu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guang-Yin Zhao
- Department of Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ying-Qin Zhu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fu-Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ming-Jian Ma
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Ye
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xi-Tai Huang
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xi-Yu Wang
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jie-Qin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Yin
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Bancet A, Frem R, Jeanneret F, Mularoni A, Bazelle P, Roelants C, Delcros JG, Guichou JF, Pillet C, Coste I, Renno T, Battail C, Cochet C, Lomberget T, Filhol O, Krimm I. Cancer selective cell death induction by a bivalent CK2 inhibitor targeting the ATP site and the allosteric αD pocket. iScience 2024; 27:108903. [PMID: 38318383 PMCID: PMC10838953 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the involvement of protein kinase CK2 in cancer is well-documented, there is a need for selective CK2 inhibitors suitable for investigating CK2 specific roles in cancer-related biological pathways and further exploring its therapeutic potential. Here, we report the discovery of AB668, an outstanding selective inhibitor that binds CK2 through a bivalent mode, interacting both at the ATP site and an allosteric αD pocket unique to CK2. Using caspase activation assay, live-cell imaging, and transcriptomic analysis, we have compared the effects of this bivalent inhibitor to representative ATP-competitive inhibitors, CX-4945, and SGC-CK2-1. Our results show that in contrast to CX-4945 or SGC-CK2-1, AB668, by targeting the CK2 αD pocket, has a distinct mechanism of action regarding its anti-cancer activity, inducing apoptotic cell death in several cancer cell lines and stimulating distinct biological pathways in renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bancet
- University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Institut Convergence Plascan, Team « Small Molecules for Biological Targets », 69373 Lyon, France
- Kairos Discovery SAS, 36 Rue Jeanne d’Arc, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Rita Frem
- University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Institut Convergence Plascan, Team « Targeting Non-canonical Protein Functions in Cancer », 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Florian Jeanneret
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, Laboratoire Biosciences et Bioingénierie pour la Santé, UA 13 INSERM-CEA-UGA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Angélique Mularoni
- University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Institut Convergence Plascan, Team « Small Molecules for Biological Targets », 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Bazelle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, Laboratoire Biosciences et Bioingénierie pour la Santé, UA 13 INSERM-CEA-UGA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Roelants
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1292, CEA, UMR Biosanté, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Guy Delcros
- University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Institut Convergence Plascan, Team « Small Molecules for Biological Targets », 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-François Guichou
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Pillet
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1292, CEA, UMR Biosanté, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Coste
- University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Institut Convergence Plascan, Team « Targeting Non-canonical Protein Functions in Cancer », 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Toufic Renno
- University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Institut Convergence Plascan, Team « Targeting Non-canonical Protein Functions in Cancer », 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Battail
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, Laboratoire Biosciences et Bioingénierie pour la Santé, UA 13 INSERM-CEA-UGA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Claude Cochet
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1292, CEA, UMR Biosanté, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thierry Lomberget
- University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), COSSBA Team, Faculté de Pharmacie-ISPB, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Odile Filhol
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1292, CEA, UMR Biosanté, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Krimm
- University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Institut Convergence Plascan, Team « Small Molecules for Biological Targets », 69373 Lyon, France
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Mouawad N, Capasso G, Ruggeri E, Martinello L, Severin F, Visentin A, Facco M, Trentin L, Frezzato F. Is It Still Possible to Think about HSP70 as a Therapeutic Target in Onco-Hematological Diseases? Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040604. [PMID: 37189352 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for molecules to be targeted that are involved in apoptosis resistance/increased survival and pathogenesis of onco-hematological malignancies is ongoing since these diseases are still not completely understood. Over the years, a good candidate has been identified in the Heat Shock Protein of 70kDa (HSP70), a molecule defined as “the most cytoprotective protein ever been described”. HSP70 is induced in response to a wide variety of physiological and environmental insults, allowing cells to survive lethal conditions. This molecular chaperone has been detected and studied in almost all the onco-hematological diseases and is also correlated to poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. In this review, we give an overview of the discoveries that have led us to consider HSP70 as a therapeutic target for mono- or combination-therapies in acute and chronic leukemias, multiple myeloma and different types of lymphomas. In this excursus, we will also consider HSP70 partners, such as its transcription factor HSF1 or its co-chaperones whose druggability could indirectly affect HSP70. Finally, we will try to answer the question asked in the title of this review considering that, despite the effort made by research in this field, HSP70 inhibitors never reached the clinic.
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Firnau MB, Brieger A. CK2 and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081987. [PMID: 36009534 PMCID: PMC9405757 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is commonly dysregulated in cancer, impacting diverse molecular pathways. CK2 is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, constitutively active and ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes. With over 500 known substrates and being estimated to be responsible for up to 10% of the human phosphoproteome, it is of significant importance. A broad spectrum of diverse types of cancer cells has been already shown to rely on disturbed CK2 levels for their survival. The hallmarks of cancer provide a rationale for understanding cancer’s common traits. They constitute the maintenance of proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling of replicative immortality, induction of angiogenesis, the activation of invasion and metastasis, as well as avoidance of immune destruction and dysregulation of cellular energetics. In this work, we have compiled evidence from the literature suggesting that CK2 modulates all hallmarks of cancer, thereby promoting oncogenesis and operating as a cancer driver by creating a cellular environment favorable to neoplasia.
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Rammohan M, Harris E, Bhansali RS, Zhao E, Li LS, Crispino JD. The chromosome 21 kinase DYRK1A: emerging roles in cancer biology and potential as a therapeutic target. Oncogene 2022; 41:2003-2011. [PMID: 35220406 PMCID: PMC8977259 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1 A (DYRK1A) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the DYRK family of proteins, a subgroup of the evolutionarily conserved CMGC protein kinase superfamily. Due to its localization on chromosome 21, the biological significance of DYRK1A was initially characterized in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome (DS) and related neurodegenerative diseases. However, increasing evidence has demonstrated a prominent role in cancer through its ability to regulate biologic processes including cell cycle progression, DNA damage repair, transcription, ubiquitination, tyrosine kinase activity, and cancer stem cell maintenance. DYRK1A has been identified as both an oncogene and tumor suppressor in different models, underscoring the importance of cellular context in its function. Here, we review mechanistic contributions of DYRK1A to cancer biology and its role as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Rammohan
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ethan Harris
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rahul S Bhansali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Zhao
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Loretta S Li
- Molecular and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John D Crispino
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Ye H, Fu D, Fang X, Xie Y, Zheng X, Fan W, Hu F, Li Z. Casein Kinase II exacerbates rheumatoid arthritis via promoting Th1 and Th17 cell inflammatory responses. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:1017-1024. [PMID: 34806506 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.2010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies have demonstrated that CK2 is engaged in CD4+ T cell proliferation and activation. We investigated the potential involvement of CK2 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Peripheral blood and synovial fluid mononuclear cells (PBMC and SFMC) of RA patients, as well as splenocytes of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice were treated with different doses of CK2 inhibitor CX4945 in vitro. Then, the Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cell responses were analyzed. In addition, CIA mice were administrated with CX4945 via oral gavage. Accordingly, the arthritis scores, bone destruction, tissue damage, and the CD4+ T cell subsets were assessed. RESULTS The expression of CK2 was upregulated in CD4+ T cells under RA circumstance. In vitro CX4945 treatment significantly inhibited the Th1 and Th17 cell responses, while promoted the Th2 cell responses in RA patient PBMC, SFMC and CIA mouse splenocytes, dampening IFN-γ and IL-17A production. Moreover, administration of CX4945 ameliorated the severity of arthritis in CIA mice, along with decreased Th1 and Th17 cells. However, CX4945 seemed to have minimal effect on RA Treg cells. CONCLUSION CK2 serves as an important regulator of the Th1 and Th17 cell axes in RA, thus contributing to the disease aggravation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ye
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (Bz0135), Peking, China
| | - Dongdong Fu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Xiangyu Fang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (Bz0135), Peking, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (Bz0135), Peking, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (Bz0135), Peking, China
| | - Wenqiang Fan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Fanlei Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (Bz0135), Peking, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Peking, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Peking, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (Bz0135), Peking, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Peking, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Peking, China
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Protein kinase CK2: a potential therapeutic target for diverse human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:183. [PMID: 33994545 PMCID: PMC8126563 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CK2 is a constitutively active Ser/Thr protein kinase, which phosphorylates hundreds of substrates, controls several signaling pathways, and is implicated in a plethora of human diseases. Its best documented role is in cancer, where it regulates practically all malignant hallmarks. Other well-known functions of CK2 are in human infections; in particular, several viruses exploit host cell CK2 for their life cycle. Very recently, also SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has been found to enhance CK2 activity and to induce the phosphorylation of several CK2 substrates (either viral and host proteins). CK2 is also considered an emerging target for neurological diseases, inflammation and autoimmune disorders, diverse ophthalmic pathologies, diabetes, and obesity. In addition, CK2 activity has been associated with cardiovascular diseases, as cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, and cardiac hypertrophy. The hypothesis of considering CK2 inhibition for cystic fibrosis therapies has been also entertained for many years. Moreover, psychiatric disorders and syndromes due to CK2 mutations have been recently identified. On these bases, CK2 is emerging as an increasingly attractive target in various fields of human medicine, with the advantage that several very specific and effective inhibitors are already available. Here, we review the literature on CK2 implication in different human pathologies and evaluate its potential as a pharmacological target in the light of the most recent findings.
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Szumilak M, Wiktorowska-Owczarek A, Stanczak A. Hybrid Drugs-A Strategy for Overcoming Anticancer Drug Resistance? Molecules 2021; 26:2601. [PMID: 33946916 PMCID: PMC8124695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous progress in the treatment of many malignancies, the development of cancer resistance is still an important reason for cancer chemotherapy failure. Increasing knowledge of cancers' molecular complexity and mechanisms of their resistance to anticancer drugs, as well as extensive clinical experience, indicate that an effective fight against cancer requires a multidimensional approach. Multi-target chemotherapy may be achieved using drugs combination, co-delivery of medicines, or designing hybrid drugs. Hybrid drugs simultaneously targeting many points of signaling networks and various structures within a cancer cell have been extensively explored in recent years. The single hybrid agent can modulate multiple targets involved in cancer cell proliferation, possesses a simpler pharmacokinetic profile to reduce the possibility of drug interactions occurrence, and facilitates the process of drug development. Moreover, a single medication is expected to enhance patient compliance due to a less complicated treatment regimen, as well as a diminished number of adverse reactions and toxicity in comparison to a combination of drugs. As a consequence, many efforts have been made to design hybrid molecules of different chemical structures and functions as a means to circumvent drug resistance. The enormous number of studies in this field encouraged us to review the available literature and present selected research results highlighting the possible role of hybrid drugs in overcoming cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szumilak
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Wiktorowska-Owczarek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Stanczak
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
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Spinello Z, Fregnani A, Quotti Tubi L, Trentin L, Piazza F, Manni S. Targeting Protein Kinases in Blood Cancer: Focusing on CK1α and CK2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073716. [PMID: 33918307 PMCID: PMC8038136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbance of protein kinase activity may result in dramatic consequences that often lead to cancer development and progression. In tumors of blood origin, both tyrosine kinases and serine/threonine kinases are altered by different types of mutations, critically regulating cancer hallmarks. CK1α and CK2 are highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed and constitutively active pleiotropic kinases, which participate in multiple biological processes. The involvement of these kinases in solid and blood cancers is well documented. CK1α and CK2 are overactive in multiple myeloma, leukemias and lymphomas. Intriguingly, they are not required to the same degree for the viability of normal cells, corroborating the idea of “druggable” kinases. Different to other kinases, mutations on the gene encoding CK1α and CK2 are rare or not reported. Actually, these two kinases are outside the paradigm of oncogene addiction, since cancer cells’ dependency on these proteins resembles the phenomenon of “non-oncogene” addiction. In this review, we will summarize the general features of CK1α and CK2 and the most relevant oncogenic and stress-related signaling nodes, regulated by kinase phosphorylation, that may lead to tumor progression. Finally, we will report the current data, which support the positioning of these two kinases in the therapeutic scene of hematological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Spinello
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (Z.S.); (A.F.); (L.Q.T.); (L.T.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Fregnani
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (Z.S.); (A.F.); (L.Q.T.); (L.T.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Quotti Tubi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (Z.S.); (A.F.); (L.Q.T.); (L.T.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (Z.S.); (A.F.); (L.Q.T.); (L.T.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (Z.S.); (A.F.); (L.Q.T.); (L.T.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (S.M.); Tel.: +39-049-792-3263 (F.P. & S.M.); Fax: +39-049-792-3250 (F.P. & S.M.)
| | - Sabrina Manni
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (Z.S.); (A.F.); (L.Q.T.); (L.T.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (S.M.); Tel.: +39-049-792-3263 (F.P. & S.M.); Fax: +39-049-792-3250 (F.P. & S.M.)
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Klink M, Rahman MA, Song C, Dhanyamraju PK, Ehudin M, Ding Y, Steffens S, Bhadauria P, Iyer S, Aliaga C, Desai D, Huang S, Claxton D, Sharma A, Gowda C. Mechanistic Basis for In Vivo Therapeutic Efficacy of CK2 Inhibitor CX-4945 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051127. [PMID: 33807974 PMCID: PMC7975325 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute Myeloid Leukemia is an aggressive disease with poor outcomes. New targeted therapies that can boost the effects of currently used chemotherapy medications without added toxicity are needed. Targeting an overactive kinase, called the protein Kinase CK2 in AML, helps leukemia cells undergo cell death and helps certain chemotherapy drugs work better. Here, we present evidence that CX-4945, a CK2 inhibitor drug, effectively kills leukemia cells in mouse models and shows the mechanism of action responsible for these effects. Leukemia cells are more sensitive to a decrease in CK2 kinase levels than normal cells. Our results show that inhibiting CK2 kinase makes AML cells more susceptible to anthracycline-induced cell death. Anthracyclines like daunorubicin and doxorubicin are widely used to treat leukemia in children and adults. A rational combination of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors with the standard of care chemotherapy may help treat AML more effectively. Abstract Protein Kinase CK2 (Casein Kinase 2 or CK2) is a constitutively active serine-threonine kinase overactive in human malignancies. Increased expression and activity of CK2 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is associated with a poor outcome. CK2 promotes AML cell survival by impinging on multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. The selective small-molecule CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 has shown in vitro cytotoxicity in AML. Here, we report that CX-4945 has a strong in vivo therapeutic effect in preclinical models of AML. The analysis of genome-wide DNA-binding and gene expression in CX-4945 treated AML cells shows that one mechanism, by which CK2 inhibition exerts a therapeutic effect in AML, involves the revival of IKAROS tumor suppressor function. CK2 phosphorylates IKAROS and disrupts IKAROS’ transcriptional activity by impairing DNA-binding and association with chromatin modifiers. Here, we demonstrate that CK2 inhibition decreases IKAROS phosphorylation and restores IKAROS binding to DNA. Further functional experiments show that IKAROS negatively regulates the transcription of anti-apoptotic genes, including BCL-XL (B cell Lymphoma like–2 like 1, BCL2L1). CX-4945 restitutes the IKAROS-mediated repression of BCL-XL in vivo and sensitizes AML cells to apoptosis. Using CX-4945, alongside the cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drug daunorubicin, augments BCL-XL suppression and AML cell apoptosis. Overall, these results establish the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of CX-4945 in AML preclinical models and determine the role of CK2 and IKAROS in regulating apoptosis in AML. Furthermore, our study provides functional and mechanistic bases for the addition of CK2 inhibitors to AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgann Klink
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
| | - Mohammad Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pavan Kumar Dhanyamraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
| | - Melanie Ehudin
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
| | - Sadie Steffens
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
| | - Preeti Bhadauria
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
| | - Soumya Iyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Chicago,Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Cesar Aliaga
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (C.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Suming Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
| | - David Claxton
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (C.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Arati Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 717-531-6012; Fax: 717-531-4789
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Rosales M, Rodríguez-Ulloa A, Besada V, Ramón AC, Pérez GV, Ramos Y, Guirola O, González LJ, Zettl K, Wiśniewski JR, Perera Y, Perea SE. Phosphoproteomic Landscape of AML Cells Treated with the ATP-Competitive CK2 Inhibitor CX-4945. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020338. [PMID: 33562780 PMCID: PMC7915770 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) regulates a plethora of proteins with pivotal roles in solid and hematological neoplasia. Particularly, in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) CK2 has been pointed as an attractive therapeutic target and prognostic marker. Here, we explored the impact of CK2 inhibition over the phosphoproteome of two cell lines representing major AML subtypes. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis was conducted to evaluate changes in phosphorylation levels after incubation with the ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor CX-4945. Functional enrichment, network analysis, and database mining were performed to identify biological processes, signaling pathways, and CK2 substrates that are responsive to CX-4945. A total of 273 and 1310 phosphopeptides were found differentially modulated in HL-60 and OCI-AML3 cells, respectively. Despite regulated phosphopeptides belong to proteins involved in multiple biological processes and signaling pathways, most of these perturbations can be explain by direct CK2 inhibition rather than off-target effects. Furthermore, CK2 substrates regulated by CX-4945 are mainly related to mRNA processing, translation, DNA repair, and cell cycle. Overall, we evidenced that CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 impinge on mediators of signaling pathways and biological processes essential for primary AML cells survival and chemosensitivity, reinforcing the rationale behind the pharmacologic blockade of protein kinase CK2 for AML targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Rosales
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana (UH), Havana 10400, Cuba;
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.)
| | - Arielis Rodríguez-Ulloa
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.R.-U.); (V.B.); (Y.R.); (L.J.G.)
| | - Vladimir Besada
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.R.-U.); (V.B.); (Y.R.); (L.J.G.)
| | - Ailyn C. Ramón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.)
| | - George V. Pérez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.)
| | - Yassel Ramos
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.R.-U.); (V.B.); (Y.R.); (L.J.G.)
| | - Osmany Guirola
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana 10600, Cuba;
| | - Luis J. González
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.R.-U.); (V.B.); (Y.R.); (L.J.G.)
| | - Katharina Zettl
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Munich, Germany; (K.Z.); (J.R.W.)
| | - Jacek R. Wiśniewski
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Munich, Germany; (K.Z.); (J.R.W.)
| | - Yasser Perera
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.)
- China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (S.E.P.)
| | - Silvio E. Perea
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (S.E.P.)
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12
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Homma MK, Kiko Y, Hashimoto Y, Nagatsuka M, Katagata N, Masui S, Homma Y, Nomizu T. Intracellular localization of CK2α as a prognostic factor in invasive breast carcinomas. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:619-628. [PMID: 33164285 PMCID: PMC7894005 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the ubiquitous protein kinase, CK2α, has been reported in various human cancers. Here, we demonstrate that nuclear and nucleolar CK2α localization in invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast is a reliable predictor of poor prognosis. Cellular localization of CK2α in nuclei and nucleoli was analyzed immunohistochemically using surgical tissue blocks from 112 patients, who had undergone surgery without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Clinical data collection and median follow-up period were for more than 5 y. In total, 93.8% of patients demonstrated elevated CK2α expression in nuclei and 36.6% of them displayed elevated expression predominantly in nucleoli. Clinicopathological malignancy was strongly correlated with elevated nuclear and nucleolar CK2α expression. Recurrence-free survival was significantly worse (P = .0002) in patients with positive nucleolar CK2α staining. The 5-y survival rate decreased to a roughly 50% in nucleolar CK2α-positive patients of triple-negative (P = .0069) and p Stage 3 (P = .0073) groups. In contrast, no patients relapsed or died in the triple-negative group who exhibited a lack of nucleolar CK2α staining. Evaluation of nucleolar CK2α staining showed a high secondary index with a hazard ratio of 6.629 (P = .001), following lymph node metastasis with a hazard ratio of 14.30 (P = .0008). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that nucleolar CK2α is an independent factor for recurrence-free survival. Therefore, we propose that histochemical evaluation of nucleolar CK2α-positive staining may be a new and robust prognostic indicator for patients who need further treatment. Functional consequences of nucleolar CK2 dysfunction may be a starting point to facilitate development of novel treatments for invasive breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Kato Homma
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesFukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushimaJapan
| | - Yuichiro Kiko
- Department of Diagnostic PathologyFukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushimaJapan
| | - Yuko Hashimoto
- Department of Diagnostic PathologyFukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushimaJapan
| | - Miki Nagatsuka
- Department of SurgeryHoshi General HospitalFukushimaJapan
| | - Naoto Katagata
- Department of SurgeryHoshi General HospitalFukushimaJapan
| | - Seiichiro Masui
- Medical Research CenterFukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushimaJapan
| | - Yoshimi Homma
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesFukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushimaJapan
| | - Tadashi Nomizu
- Department of SurgeryHoshi General HospitalFukushimaJapan
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13
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Féral K, Jaud M, Philippe C, Di Bella D, Pyronnet S, Rouault-Pierre K, Mazzolini L, Touriol C. ER Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Leukemia: Friend, Foe, or Both? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020199. [PMID: 33573353 PMCID: PMC7911881 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an evolutionarily conserved adaptive signaling pathway triggered by a stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen compartment, which is initiated by the accumulation of unfolded proteins. This response, mediated by three sensors-Inositol Requiring Enzyme 1 (IRE1), Activating Transcription Factor 6 (ATF6), and Protein Kinase RNA-Like Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase (PERK)—allows restoring protein homeostasis and maintaining cell survival. UPR represents a major cytoprotective signaling network for cancer cells, which frequently experience disturbed proteostasis owing to their rapid proliferation in an usually unfavorable microenvironment. Increased basal UPR also participates in the resistance of tumor cells against chemotherapy. UPR activation also occurs during hematopoiesis, and growing evidence supports the critical cytoprotective role played by ER stress in the emergence and proliferation of leukemic cells. In case of severe or prolonged stress, pro-survival UPR may however evolve into a cell death program called terminal UPR. Interestingly, a large number of studies have revealed that the induction of proapoptotic UPR can also strongly contribute to the sensitization of leukemic cells to chemotherapy. Here, we review the current knowledge on the consequences of the deregulation of UPR signaling in leukemias and their implications for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Féral
- Inserm UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, Oncopole entrée C, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France; (K.F.); (M.J.); (S.P.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Jaud
- Inserm UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, Oncopole entrée C, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France; (K.F.); (M.J.); (S.P.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Philippe
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (C.P.); (D.D.B.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Doriana Di Bella
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (C.P.); (D.D.B.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Stéphane Pyronnet
- Inserm UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, Oncopole entrée C, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France; (K.F.); (M.J.); (S.P.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Kevin Rouault-Pierre
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (C.P.); (D.D.B.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Laurent Mazzolini
- Inserm UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, Oncopole entrée C, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France; (K.F.); (M.J.); (S.P.)
- CNRS ERL5294, CRCT, F-31037 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Christian Touriol
- Inserm UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, Oncopole entrée C, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France; (K.F.); (M.J.); (S.P.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (C.T.)
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14
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Dovat E, Song C, Hu T, Rahman MA, Dhanyamraju PK, Klink M, Bogush D, Soliman M, Kane S, McGrath M, Ding Y, Desai D, Sharma A, Gowda C. Transcriptional Regulation of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by IKAROS and Protein Kinase CK2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020819. [PMID: 33467550 PMCID: PMC7830534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IKAROS, encoded by the IKZF1 gene, is a DNA-binding protein that functions as a tumor suppressor in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Recent studies have identified IKAROS’s novel function in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in T-ALL and uncovered many genes that are likely to be directly regulated by IKAROS. Here, we report the transcriptional regulation of two genes, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta (PIK3CD) and phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE-type zinc finger containing (PIKFYVE), by IKAROS in T-ALL. PIK3CD encodes the protein p110δ subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). The PI3K/AKT pathway is frequently dysregulated in cancers, including T-ALL. IKAROS binds to the promoter regions of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE and reduces their transcription in primary T-ALL. Functional analysis demonstrates that IKAROS functions as a transcriptional repressor of both PIK3CD and PIKFYVE. Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) is a pro-oncogenic kinase that is overexpressed in T-ALL. CK2 phosphorylates IKAROS, impairs IKAROS’s DNA-binding ability, and functions as a repressor of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE. CK2 inhibition results in increased IKAROS binding to the promoters of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE and the transcriptional repression of both these genes. Overall, the presented data demonstrate for the first time that in T-ALL, CK2 hyperactivity contributes to PI3K signaling pathway upregulation, at least in part, through impaired IKAROS transcriptional regulation of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE. Targeting CK2 restores IKAROS’s regulatory effects on the PI3K oncogenic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elanora Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
- Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tommy Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Mohammad Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Pavan Kumar Dhanyamraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Morgann Klink
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Daniel Bogush
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Mario Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shriya Kane
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Mary McGrath
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Arati Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-91-717-531-6012
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15
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Protein kinase CK2 inhibition as a pharmacological strategy. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 124:23-46. [PMID: 33632467 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CK2 is a constitutively active Ser/Thr protein kinase which phosphorylates hundreds of substrates. Since they are primarily related to survival and proliferation pathways, the best-known pathological roles of CK2 are in cancer, where its targeting is currently being considered as a possible therapy. However, CK2 activity has been found instrumental in many other human pathologies, and its inhibition will expectably be extended to different purposes in the near future. Here, after a description of CK2 features and implications in diseases, we analyze the different inhibitors and strategies available to target CK2, and update the results so far obtained by their in vivo application.
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Giuli MV, Diluvio G, Giuliani E, Franciosa G, Di Magno L, Pignataro MG, Tottone L, Nicoletti C, Besharat ZM, Peruzzi G, Pelullo M, Palermo R, Canettieri G, Talora C, d'Amati G, Bellavia D, Screpanti I, Checquolo S. Notch3 contributes to T-cell leukemia growth via regulation of the unfolded protein response. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:93. [PMID: 33071287 PMCID: PMC7569087 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) is a conserved adaptive response that tries to restore protein homeostasis after endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Recent studies highlighted the role of UPR in acute leukemias and UPR targeting has been suggested as a therapeutic approach. Aberrant Notch signaling is a common feature of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), as downregulation of Notch activity negatively affects T-ALL cell survival, leading to the employment of Notch inhibitors in T-ALL therapy. Here we demonstrate that Notch3 is able to sustain UPR in T-ALL cells, as Notch3 silencing favored a Bip-dependent IRE1α inactivation under ER stress conditions, leading to increased apoptosis via upregulation of the ER stress cell death mediator CHOP. By using Juglone, a naturally occurring naphthoquinone acting as an anticancer agent, to decrease Notch3 expression and induce ER stress, we observed an increased ER stress-associated apoptosis. Altogether our results suggest that Notch3 inhibition may prevent leukemia cells from engaging a functional UPR needed to compensate the Juglone-mediated ER proteotoxic stress. Notably, in vivo administration of Juglone to human T-ALL xenotransplant models significantly reduced tumor growth, finally fostering the exploitation of Juglone-dependent Notch3 inhibition to perturb the ER stress/UPR signaling in Notch3-dependent T-ALL subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Valeria Giuli
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Diluvio
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eugenia Giuliani
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Franciosa
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenaghen, Copenaghen, Denmark
| | - Laura Di Magno
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gemma Pignataro
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Tottone
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Carmine Nicoletti
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Zein Mersini Besharat
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pelullo
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Palermo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Talora
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia d'Amati
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Bellavia
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Isabella Screpanti
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Saula Checquolo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.
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Perera Y, Melão A, Ramón AC, Vázquez D, Ribeiro D, Perea SE, Barata JT. Clinical-Grade Peptide-Based Inhibition of CK2 Blocks Viability and Proliferation of T-ALL Cells and Counteracts IL-7 Stimulation and Stromal Support. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061377. [PMID: 32471246 PMCID: PMC7352628 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable advances in the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), relapsed cases are still a major challenge. Moreover, even successful cases often face long-term treatment-associated toxicities. Targeted therapeutics may overcome these limitations. We have previously demonstrated that casein kinase 2 (CK2)-mediated phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) posttranslational inactivation, and consequent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling hyperactivation, leads to increased T-ALL cell survival and proliferation. We also revealed the existence of a crosstalk between CK2 activity and the signaling mediated by interleukin 7 (IL-7), a critical leukemia-supportive cytokine. Here, we evaluated the impact of CIGB-300, a the clinical-grade peptide-based CK2 inhibitor CIGB-300 on T-ALL biology. We demonstrate that CIGB-300 decreases the viability and proliferation of T-ALL cell lines and diagnostic patient samples. Moreover, CIGB-300 overcomes IL-7-mediated T-ALL cell growth and viability, while preventing the positive effects of OP9-delta-like 1 (DL1) stromal support on leukemia cells. Signaling and pull-down experiments indicate that the CK2 substrate nucleophosmin 1 (B23/NPM1) and CK2 itself are the molecular targets for CIGB-300 in T-ALL cells. However, B23/NPM1 silencing only partially recapitulates the anti-leukemia effects of the peptide, suggesting that CIGB-300-mediated direct binding to CK2, and consequent CK2 inactivation, is the mechanism by which CIGB-300 downregulates PTEN S380 phosphorylation and inhibits PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In the context of IL-7 stimulation, CIGB-300 blocks janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway in T-ALL cells. Altogether, our results strengthen the case for anti-CK2 therapeutic intervention in T-ALL, demonstrating that CIGB-300 (given its ability to circumvent the effects of pro-leukemic microenvironmental cues) may be a valid tool for clinical intervention in this aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Perera
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (Y.P.); (A.C.R.); (S.E.P.)
| | - Alice Melão
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Ailyn C. Ramón
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (Y.P.); (A.C.R.); (S.E.P.)
| | - Dania Vázquez
- Pharmacogenomics Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba;
| | - Daniel Ribeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Silvio E. Perea
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (Y.P.); (A.C.R.); (S.E.P.)
| | - João T. Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.M.); (D.R.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Richter A, Sender S, Lenz A, Schwarz R, Hinz B, Knuebel G, Sekora A, Murua Escobar H, Junghanss C, Roolf C. Influence of Casein kinase II inhibitor CX-4945 on BCL6-mediated apoptotic signaling in B-ALL in vitro and in vivo. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:184. [PMID: 32131762 PMCID: PMC7057698 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Casein kinase II (CK2) is involved in multiple tumor-relevant signaling pathways affecting proliferation and apoptosis. CK2 is frequently upregulated in acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and can be targeted by the ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor CX-4945. While reduced proliferation of tumor entities including B-ALL after CX-4945 incubation has been shown in vitro and in vivo, the detailed way of action is unknown. Here, we investigated the influence on the PI3K/AKT and apoptosis cascades in vivo and in vitro for further clarification. Methods A B-ALL xenograft model in NSG mice was used to perform in vivo longitudinal bioluminescence imaging during six day CX-4945 treatment. CX-4945 serum levels were determined at various time points. Flow cytometry of bone marrow and spleen cells was performed to analyze CX-4945-induced effects on tumor cell proliferation and distribution in B-ALL engrafted mice. ALL cells were enriched and characterized by targeted RNA sequencing. In vitro, B-ALL cell lines SEM, RS4;11 and NALM-6 were incubated with CX-4945 and gene expression of apoptosis regulators BCL6 and BACH2 was determined. Results In B-ALL-engrafted mice, overall tumor cell proliferation and distribution was not significantly influenced by CK2 inhibition. CX-4945 was detectable in serum during therapy and serum levels declined rapidly after cessation of CX-4945. While overall proliferation was not affected, early bone marrow and spleen blast frequencies seemed reduced after CK2 inhibition. Gene expression analyses revealed reduced expression of anti-apoptotic oncogene BCL6 in bone marrow blasts of CX-4945-treated animals. Further, BCL6 protein expression decreased in B-ALL cell lines exposed to CX-4945 in vitro. Surprisingly, levels of BCL6 opponent and tumor suppressor BACH2 also declined after prolonged incubation. Simultaneously, increased phosphorylation of direct CK2 target and tumor initiator AKT was detected at respective time points, even in initially pAKT-negative cell line NALM-6. Conclusions The CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 has limited clinical effects in an in vivo B-ALL xenograft model when applied as a single drug over a six day period. However, gene expression in B-ALL cells was altered and suggested effects on apoptosis via downregulation of BCL6. Unexpectedly, the BCL6 opponent BACH2 was also reduced. Interactions and regulation loops have to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Richter
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sina Sender
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Annemarie Lenz
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rico Schwarz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gudrun Knuebel
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anett Sekora
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Catrin Roolf
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
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19
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Martelli AM, Paganelli F, Chiarini F, Evangelisti C, McCubrey JA. The Unfolded Protein Response: A Novel Therapeutic Target in Acute Leukemias. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020333. [PMID: 32024211 PMCID: PMC7072709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an evolutionarily conserved adaptive response triggered by the stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) due, among other causes, to altered cell protein homeostasis (proteostasis). UPR is mediated by three main sensors, protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α), and inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α). Given that proteostasis is frequently disregulated in cancer, UPR is emerging as a critical signaling network in controlling the survival, selection, and adaptation of a variety of neoplasias, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and glioblastoma. Indeed, cancer cells can escape from the apoptotic pathways elicited by ER stress by switching UPR into a prosurvival mechanism instead of cell death. Although most of the studies on UPR focused on solid tumors, this intricate network plays a critical role in hematological malignancies, and especially in multiple myeloma (MM), where treatment with proteasome inhibitors induce the accumulation of unfolded proteins that severely perturb proteostasis, thereby leading to ER stress, and, eventually, to apoptosis. However, UPR is emerging as a key player also in acute leukemias, where recent evidence points to the likelihood that targeting UPR-driven prosurvival pathways could represent a novel therapeutic strategy. In this review, we focus on the oncogene-specific regulation of individual UPR signaling arms, and we provide an updated outline of the genetic, biochemical, and preclinical therapeutic findings that support UPR as a relevant, novel target in acute leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto M. Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-209-1580
| | - Francesca Paganelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.C.); (C.E.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.C.); (C.E.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
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20
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Gowda C, Song C, Ding Y, Iyer S, Dhanyamraju PK, McGrath M, Bamme Y, Soliman M, Kane S, Payne JL, Dovat S. Cellular signaling and epigenetic regulation of gene expression in leukemia. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 75:100665. [PMID: 31623972 PMCID: PMC7239353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in normal regulation of gene expression is one of the key features of hematopoietic malignancies. In order to gain insight into the mechanisms that regulate gene expression in these diseases, we dissected the role of the Ikaros protein in leukemia. Ikaros is a DNA-binding, zinc finger protein that functions as a transcriptional regulator and a tumor suppressor in leukemia. The use of ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and ATAC-seq—coupled with functional experiments—revealed that Ikaros regulates both the global epigenomic landscape and epigenetic signature at promoter regions of its target genes. Casein kinase II (CK2), an oncogenic kinase that is overexpressed in leukemia, directly phosphorylates Ikaros at multiple, evolutionarily-conserved residues. Phosphorylation of Ikaros impairs the protein's ability to regulate both the transcription of its target genes and global epigenetic landscape in leukemia. Treatment of leukemia cells with a specific inhibitor of CK2 restores Ikaros function, resulting in cytotoxicity of leukemia cells. Here, we review the mechanisms through which the CK2-Ikaros signaling axis regulates the global epigenomic landscape and expression of genes that control cellular proliferation in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Soumya Iyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Pavan K Dhanyamraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mary McGrath
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yevgeniya Bamme
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mario Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shriya Kane
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jonathon L Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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21
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Paganelli F, Lonetti A, Anselmi L, Martelli AM, Evangelisti C, Chiarini F. New advances in targeting aberrant signaling pathways in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 74:100649. [PMID: 31523031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive disorder characterized by malignant transformation of immature progenitors primed towards T-cell development. Over the past 15 years, advances in the molecular characterization of T-ALL have uncovered oncogenic key drivers and crucial signaling pathways of this disease, opening new chances for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Currently, T-ALL patients are still treated with aggressive therapies, consisting of high dose multiagent chemotherapy. To minimize and overcome the unfavorable effects of these regimens, it is critical to identify innovative targets and test selective inhibitors of such targets. Major efforts are being made to develop small molecules against deregulated signaling pathways, which sustain T-ALL cell growth, survival, metabolism, and drug-resistance. This review will focus on recent improvements in the understanding of the signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of T-ALL and on the challenging opportunities for T-ALL targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Paganelli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza-CNR National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lonetti
- "Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Anselmi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza-CNR National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza-CNR National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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22
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Shah P, Zhao B, Qiang L, He YY. Phosphorylation of xeroderma pigmentosum group C regulates ultraviolet-induced DNA damage repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:5050-5060. [PMID: 29660033 PMCID: PMC6007576 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the most versatile DNA repair system that removes bulky DNA damage induced by various endogenous and exogenous factors, including UV radiation. Defects in NER can lead to the xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) syndrome, mainly characterized by increased carcinogenesis in the skin. The function of NER factors, including xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC), can be regulated by post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination. However, the role of phosphorylation in XPC function remains unknown. Here, we show that phosphorylation of XPC acts as a novel post-translational regulatory mechanism of the NER pathway. We show that XPC is phosphorylated at serine 94. Moreover, after UVB irradiation, XPC phosphorylation regulates recruitment of ubiquitinated XPC and its downstream NER factors to the chromatin. In addition, upon evaluating the predicted kinases for XPC phosphorylation, we found that casein kinase II (CK2) promotes NER. Furthermore, CK2 kinase mediates XPC phosphorylation at serine 94, and also promotes recruitment of ubiquitinated XPC to the chromatin after UVB irradiation. Our findings have identified XPC phosphorylation as a new mechanism for regulating NER following UV-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Shah
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Baozhong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lei Qiang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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23
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CK2 Pro-Survival Role in Prostate Cancer Is Mediated via Maintenance and Promotion of Androgen Receptor and NFκB p65 Expression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020089. [PMID: 31197122 PMCID: PMC6631211 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prosurvival protein kinase CK2, androgen receptor (AR), and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) interact in the function of prostate cells, and there is evidence of crosstalk between these signals in the pathobiology of prostate cancer (PCa). As CK2 is elevated in PCa, and AR and NFκB are involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer, we investigated their interaction in benign and malignant prostate cells in the presence of altered CK2 expression. Our results show that elevation of CK2 levels caused increased levels of AR and NFκB p65 in prostate cells of different phenotypes. Analysis of TCGA PCa data indicated that AR and CK2α RNA expression are strongly correlated. Small molecule inhibition or molecular down-regulation of CK2 caused reduction in AR mRNA expression and protein levels in PCa cells and in orthotopic xenograft tumors by various pathways. Among these, regulation of AR protein stability plays a unifying role in CK2 maintenance of AR protein levels. Our results show induction of various endoplasmic reticulum stress signals after CK2 inhibition, which may play a role in the PCa cell death response. Of note, CK2 inhibition caused loss of cell viability in both parental and enzalutamide-resistant castrate-resistant PCa cells. The present work elucidates the specific link of CK2 to the pathogenesis of PCa in association with AR and NFκB expression; further, the observation that inhibition of CK2 can exert a growth inhibitory effect on therapy-resistant PCa cells emphasizes the potential utility of CK2 inhibition in patients who are on enzalutamide treatment for advanced cancer.
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24
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Martelli AM, Paganelli F, Fazio A, Bazzichetto C, Conciatori F, McCubrey JA. The Key Roles of PTEN in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Development, Progression, and Therapeutic Response. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050629. [PMID: 31064074 PMCID: PMC6562458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive blood cancer that comprises 10–15% of pediatric and ~25% of adult ALL cases. Although the curative rates have significantly improved over the past 10 years, especially in pediatric patients, T-ALL remains a challenge from a therapeutic point of view, due to the high number of early relapses that are for the most part resistant to further treatment. Considerable advances in the understanding of the genes, signaling networks, and mechanisms that play crucial roles in the pathobiology of T-ALL have led to the identification of the key drivers of the disease, thereby paving the way for new therapeutic approaches. PTEN is critical to prevent the malignant transformation of T-cells. However, its expression and functions are altered in human T-ALL. PTEN is frequently deleted or mutated, while PTEN protein is often phosphorylated and functionally inactivated by casein kinase 2. Different murine knockout models recapitulating the development of T-ALL have demonstrated that PTEN abnormalities are at the hub of an intricate oncogenic network sustaining and driving leukemia development by activating several signaling cascades associated with drug-resistance and poor outcome. These aspects and their possible therapeutic implications are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesca Paganelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Fazio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Chiara Bazzichetto
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Conciatori
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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Roolf C, Saleweski JN, Stein A, Richter A, Maletzki C, Sekora A, Escobar HM, Wu XF, Beller M, Junghanss C. Novel Isoquinolinamine and Isoindoloquinazolinone Compounds Exhibit Antiproliferative Activity in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:492-501. [PMID: 30971063 PMCID: PMC6720533 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as quinoline, quinazolinones and indole are scaffolds of natural products and have broad biological effects. During the last years those structures have been intensively synthesized and modified to yield new synthetic molecules that can specifically inhibit the activity of dysregulated protein kinases in cancer cells. Herein, a series of newly synthesized isoquinolinamine (FX-1 to 8) and isoindoloquinazolinone (FX-9, FX-42, FX-43) compounds were evaluated in regards to their anti-leukemic potential on human B- and T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Several biological effects were observed. B-ALL cells (SEM, RS4;11) were more sensitive against isoquinolinamine compounds than T-ALL cells (Jurkat, CEM). In SEM cells, metabolic activity decreased with 10 μM up to 26.7% (FX-3), 25.2% (FX-7) and 14.5% (FX-8). The 3-(p-Tolyl) isoquinolin-1-amine FX-9 was the most effective agent against B- and T-ALL cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.54 to 1.94 μM. None of the tested compounds displayed hemolysis on erythrocytes or cytotoxicity against healthy leukocytes. Anti-proliferative effect of FX-9 was associated with changes in cell morphology and apoptosis induction. Further, influence of FX-9 on PI3K/AKT, MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling was detected but was heterogeneous. Functional inhibition testing of 58 kinases revealed no specific inhibitory activity among cancer-related kinases. In conclusion, FX-9 displays significant antileukemic activity in B- and T-ALL cells and should be further evaluated in regards to the mechanisms of action. Further compounds of the current series might serve as templates for the design of new compounds and as basic structures for modification approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Roolf
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas Saleweski
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Arno Stein
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Anna Richter
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Claudia Maletzki
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Anett Sekora
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock 18057, Germany
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26
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Richter A, Roolf C, Hamed M, Gladbach YS, Sender S, Konkolefski C, Knübel G, Sekora A, Fuellen G, Vollmar B, Murua Escobar H, Junghanss C. Combined Casein Kinase II inhibition and epigenetic modulation in acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:202. [PMID: 30841886 PMCID: PMC6404304 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor suppressor protein phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a key regulator of the PI3K/AKT pathway which is frequently altered in a variety of tumors including a subset of acute B-lymphoblastic leukemias (B-ALL). While PTEN mutations and deletions are rare in B-ALL, promoter hypermethylation and posttranslational modifications are the main pathways of PTEN inactivation. Casein Kinase II (CK2) is often upregulated in B-ALL and phosphorylates both PTEN and DNA methyltransferase 3A, resulting in increased PI3K/AKT signaling and offering a potential mechanism for further regulation of tumor-related pathways. Methods Here, we evaluated the effects of CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 alone and in combination with hypomethylating agent decitabine on B-ALL proliferation and PI3K/AKT pathway activation. We further investigated if CX-4945 intensified decitabine-induced hypomethylation and identified aberrantly methylated biological processes after CK2 inhibition. In vivo tumor cell proliferation in cell line and patient derived xenografts was assessed by longitudinal full body bioluminescence imaging and peripheral blood flow cytometry of NSG mice. Results CX-4945 incubation resulted in CK2 inhibition and PI3K pathway downregulation thereby inducing apoptosis and anti-proliferative effects. CX-4945 further affected methylation patterns of tumor-related transcription factors and regulators of cellular metabolism. No overlap with decitabine-affected genes or processes was detected. Decitabine alone revealed only modest anti-proliferative effects on B-ALL cell lines, however, if combined with CX-4945 a synergistic inhibition was observed. In vivo assessment of CX-4945 in B-ALL cell line xenografts resulted in delayed proliferation of B-ALL cells. Combination with DEC further decelerated B-ALL expansion significantly and decreased infiltration in bone marrow and spleen. Effects in patient-derived xenografts all harboring a t(4;11) translocation were heterogeneous. Conclusions We herein demonstrate the anti-leukemic potential of CX-4945 in synergy with decitabine in vitro as well as in vivo identifying CK2 as a potentially targetable kinase in B-ALL. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5411-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Richter
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Catrin Roolf
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Yvonne Saara Gladbach
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sina Sender
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Konkolefski
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gudrun Knübel
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anett Sekora
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Small Animal Imaging Core Facility, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69a, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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Bailly C, Waring MJ. Pharmacological effectors of GRP78 chaperone in cancers. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:269-278. [PMID: 30831072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The protein chaperone GRP78 is a master regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions and is frequently over-expressed at the surface of cancer cells where it contributes to chemo-resistance. It represents a well-studied ER stress marker but an under-explored target for new drug development. This review aims to untangle the structural and functional diversity of GRP78 modulators, covering over 130 natural products, synthetic molecules, specific peptides and monoclonal antibodies that target GRP78. Several approaches to promote or to incapacitate GRP78 are presented, including the use of oligonucleotides and specific cell-delivery peptides often conjugated to cytotoxic payloads to design GRP78-targeted therapeutics. A repertoire of drugs that turn on/off GRP78 is exposed, including molecules which bind directly to GRP78, principally to its ATP site. There exist many options to regulate positively or negatively the expression of the chaperone, or to interfere with its cellular trafficking. This review provides a molecular cartography of GRP78 pharmacological effectors and adds weight to the notion that GRP78 repressors could represent promising anticancer therapeutics, notably as regards limiting chemo-resistance of cancer cells. The potential of GRP78-targeting drugs in other therapeutic modalities is also evoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, INSERM, University of Lille, CHU Lille, 59045 Lille, France.
| | - Michael J Waring
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
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28
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Lian H, Su M, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Soomro SH, Fu H. Protein Kinase CK2, a Potential Therapeutic Target in Carcinoma Management. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:23-32. [PMID: 30677865 PMCID: PMC6485562 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Protein kinase CK2 (formerly known as casein kinase 2) is a highly conserved serine/ threonine kinase
overexpressed in various human carcinomas and its high expression often correlates with poor prognosis. CK2 protein
is localized in the nucleus of many tumor cells and correlates with clinical features in many cases. Increased expression
of CK2 in mice results in the development of various types of carcinomas (both solids and blood related tumors, such
as (breast carcinoma, lymphoma, etc), which reveals its carcinogenic properties. CK2 plays essential roles in many key
biological processes related to carcinoma, including cell apoptosis, DNA damage responses and cell cycle regulation.
CK2 has become a potential anti-carcinoma target. Various CK2 inhibitors have been developed with anti-neoplastic
properties against a variety of carcinomas. Some CK2 inhibitors have showed good results in in vitro and pre-clinical
models, and have even entered in clinical trials. This article will review effects of CK2 and its inhibitors on common
carcinomas in in vitro and pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Lian
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R, China.
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29
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Zakharia K, Miyabe K, Wang Y, Wu D, Moser CD, Borad MJ, Roberts LR. Preclinical In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence of an Antitumor Effect of CX-4945, a Casein Kinase II Inhibitor, in Cholangiocarcinoma. Transl Oncol 2018; 12:143-153. [PMID: 30316146 PMCID: PMC6187100 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: We investigated the antitumor effect of the casein kinase II (CK2) inhibitor CX-4945 on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). METHODS: We assessed the effect of CX-4945 alone and/or in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin on cell viability, colony formation, and apoptosis of CCA cell lines and on in vivo growth of HuCCT1 xenografts. RESULTS: CX-4945 dose-dependently decreased viability of HuCCT1, EGI-1, and Liv27 and decreased phospho-AKT/total AKT and phospho-PTEN/total PTEN ratios. CX-4945 significantly increased caspase 3/7 activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. CX-4945 significantly enhanced the effect of gemcitabine or cisplatin on HuCCT1, EGI-1, and Liv27 cells and inhibited the phosphorylation of DNA repairing enzymes XRCC1 and MDC1. Further, CX-4945 alone significantly inhibited growth of HuCCT1 mouse xenograft tumors. Combining CX-4945 with gemcitabine and cisplatin was more potent than CX-4945 alone or gemcitabine/cisplatin. The effect of CX-4945 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, the PI3K/AKT pathway, and DNA repair was confirmed in the mouse xenografts. CONCLUSION: CX-4945 has an antiproliferative effect on CCA and enhances the effect of gemcitabine and cisplatin through its inhibitory effect on the PI3K/AKT pathway and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kais Zakharia
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medical Education, Beaumont Health - Dearborn, Oakwood Campus, Dearborn, MI, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Katsuyuki Miyabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dehai Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Catherine D Moser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Division of Hematology, Division of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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30
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Mukherjee Chatterjee S, Jain CK, Singha S, Das P, Roychoudhury S, Majumder HK, Das S. Activity of Co II-Quinalizarin: A Novel Analogue of Anthracycline-Based Anticancer Agents Targets Human DNA Topoisomerase, Whereas Quinalizarin Itself Acts via Formation of Semiquinone on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia MOLT-4 and HCT 116 Cells. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10255-10266. [PMID: 31459155 PMCID: PMC6644896 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Quinalizarin (THAQ), a hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone analogue of the family of anthracycline anticancer drugs and an inhibitor of protein kinase, was observed for its anticancer activity. Because apart from showing anticancer activity, anthracyclines and their analogues also show cardiotoxic side effects, believed to be addressed through metal complex formation; an effort was made to realize this by preparing a CoII complex of THAQ. The aim of this study was to find out if complex formation leads to a decrease in the generation of intermediates that are responsible for toxic side effects. However, because this also meant that efficacy on cancer cells would be compromised, studies were undertaken on two cancer cell lines, namely, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) MOLT-4 and HCT116 cells. The complex decreases the flow of electrons from NADH to molecular oxygen (O2) in the presence of NADH dehydrogenase forming less semiquinone than THAQ. It showed increased affinity toward DNA with binding constant values remaining constant over the physiological pH range unlike THAQ (for which decrease in binding constant values with increase in pH was observed). The complex is probably a human DNA topoisomerase I and human DNA topoisomerase II poison acting by stabilizing the covalent topoisomerase-cleaved DNA adduct, a phenomenon not observed for THAQ. Activity of the compounds on cancer cells suggests that THAQ was more effective on ALL MOLT-4 cells, whereas the complex performed better on HCT116 cells. Results suggest that the formation of semiquinone probably dominates the action because of THAQ, whereas the performance of the complex is attributed to increased DNA binding, inhibition of topoisomerase, and so forth. Inspite of a decrease in the generation of superoxide by the complex, it did not hamper efficacy on either cell line, probably compensated by improved DNA binding and inhibition of topoisomerase enzymes which are positive attributes of complex formation. A decrease in superoxide formation suggests that the complex could be less cardiotoxic, thus increasing its therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chetan Kumar Jain
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory
Disorder Division and Infectious Diseases and Immunology
Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Soumen Singha
- Department
of Chemistry (Inorganic Section) and Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Piyal Das
- Department
of Chemistry (Inorganic Section) and Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory
Disorder Division and Infectious Diseases and Immunology
Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Hemanta Kumar Majumder
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory
Disorder Division and Infectious Diseases and Immunology
Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Saurabh Das
- Department
of Chemistry (Inorganic Section) and Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
- E-mail: , . Phone: +91 33
24572148, +91 33 8902087756. Fax: +91
33 24146223 (S.D.)
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Therapeutic Targeting of mTOR in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071878. [PMID: 29949919 PMCID: PMC6073309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive blood malignancy that arises from the clonal expansion of transformed T-cell precursors. Although T-ALL prognosis has significantly improved due to the development of intensive chemotherapeutic protocols, primary drug-resistant and relapsed patients still display a dismal outcome. In addition, lifelong irreversible late effects from conventional therapy are a growing problem for leukemia survivors. Therefore, novel targeted therapies are required to improve the prognosis of high-risk patients. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the kinase subunit of two structurally and functionally distinct multiprotein complexes, which are referred to as mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. These two complexes regulate a variety of physiological cellular processes including protein, lipid, and nucleotide synthesis, as well as autophagy in response to external cues. However, mTOR activity is frequently deregulated in cancer, where it plays a key oncogenetic role driving tumor cell proliferation, survival, metabolic transformation, and metastatic potential. Promising preclinical studies using mTOR inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in many human cancer types, including T-ALL. Here, we highlight our current knowledge of mTOR signaling and inhibitors in T-ALL, with an emphasis on emerging evidence of the superior efficacy of combinations consisting of mTOR inhibitors and either traditional or targeted therapeutics.
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32
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Synergistic effects of selective inhibitors targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway or NUP214-ABL1 fusion protein in human Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79842-79853. [PMID: 27821800 PMCID: PMC5346755 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) accounts for 25–30% of adult ALL and its incidence increases with age in adults >40 years old. Irrespective of age, the ABL1 fusion genes are markers of poor prognosis and amplification of the NUP214-ABL1 oncogene can be detected mainly in patients with T-ALL. T cell malignancies harboring the ABL1 fusion genes are sensitive to many cytotoxic agents, but up to date complete remissions have not been achieved. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is often activated in leukemias and plays a crucial role in leukemogenesis. We analyzed the effects of three BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), alone and in combination with a panel of selective PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors, on three NUP214-ABL1 positive T-ALL cell lines that also displayed PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation. Cells were sensitive to anti BCR-ABL1 TKIs Imatinib, Nilotinib and GZD824, that specifically targeted the ABL1 fusion protein, but not the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. Four drugs against the PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade, GSK690693, NVP-BGT226, ZSTK474 and Torin-2, showed marked cytotoxic effects on T-leukemic cells, without affecting the NUP214-ABL1 kinase and related pathway. Dephosphorylation of pAkt and pS6 showed the cytotoxicity of these compounds. Either single or combined administration of drugs against the different targets displayed inhibition of cellular viability associated with a concentration-dependent induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and autophagy, having the combined treatments a significant synergistic cytotoxic effect. Co-targeting NUP214-ABL1 fusion gene and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway could represent a new and effective pharmacological strategy to improve the outcome in NUP214-ABL1 positive T-ALL.
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Synergistic therapeutic effect of diethylstilbestrol and CX-4945 in human acute T-lymphocytic leukemia cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:357-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Rabalski AJ, Gyenis L, Litchfield DW. Molecular Pathways: Emergence of Protein Kinase CK2 (CSNK2) as a Potential Target to Inhibit Survival and DNA Damage Response and Repair Pathways in Cancer Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 22:2840-7. [PMID: 27306791 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 (designated CSNK2) is a constitutively active protein kinase with a vast repertoire of putative substrates that has been implicated in several human cancers, including cancer of the breast, lung, colon, and prostate, as well as hematologic malignancies. On the basis of these observations, CSNK2 has emerged as a candidate for targeted therapy, with two CSNK2 inhibitors in ongoing clinical trials. CX-4945 is a bioavailable small-molecule ATP-competitive inhibitor targeting its active site, and CIGB-300 is a cell-permeable cyclic peptide that prevents phosphorylation of the E7 protein of HPV16 by CSNK2. In preclinical models, either of these inhibitors exhibit antitumor efficacy. Furthermore, in combinations with chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin or gemcitabine, either CX-4945 or CIGB-300 promote synergistic induction of apoptosis. While CSNK2 is a regulatory participant in many processes related to cancer, its potential to modulate caspase action may be particularly pertinent to its emergence as a therapeutic target. Because the substrate recognition motifs for CSNK2 and caspases are remarkably similar, CSNK2 can block the cleavage of many caspase substrates through the phosphorylation of sites adjacent to cleavage sites. Phosphoproteomic strategies have also revealed previously underappreciated roles for CSNK2 in the phosphorylation of several key constituents of DNA damage and DNA repair pathways. Going forward, applications of proteomic strategies to interrogate responses to CSNK2 inhibitors are expected to reveal signatures for CSNK2 inhibition and molecular insights to guide new strategies to interfere with its potential to inhibit caspase action or enhance the susceptibility of cancer cells to DNA damage. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 2840-7. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Rabalski
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laszlo Gyenis
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Gao M, Chen G, Wang H, Xie B, Hu L, Kong Y, Yang G, Tao Y, Han Y, Wu X, Zhang Y, Dai B, Shi J. Therapeutic potential and functional interaction of carfilzomib and vorinostat in T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29102-15. [PMID: 27074555 PMCID: PMC5045381 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib and the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) vorinostat cooperated to induce cell apoptosis in one T-cell leukemia cell line in vitro, implying the possibility of the combination treatment of carfilzomib and vorinostat as a potential therapeutic strategy in human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Here we report that combination treatment of carfilzomib and vorinostat enhanced cell apoptosis and induced a marked increase in G2-M arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and activated the members of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) family, including the stress-activated kinases JNK, p38MAPK, and ERK1/2. Carfilzomib/vorinostat-mediated apoptosis was blocked by the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The JNK inhibitor SP600125 and the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 but not the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 significantly attenuated carfilzomib/vorinostat-induced apoptosis, suggesting that p38MAPK and JNK activation contribute to carfilzomib and vorinostat-induced apoptosis. This was further confirmed via short hairpin (shRNA) RNA knockdown of p38MAPK and JNK. Interestingly, the ROS scavenger NAC attenuated carfilzomib/vorinostat-mediated activation of p38MAPK and JNK. However, p38MAPK shRNA but not JNK shRNA diminished carfilzomib/vorinostat-mediated ROS generation. In contrast, overexpression of p38MAPK significantly increased carfilzomib/vorinostat-mediated ROS generation, suggesting that an amplification loop exists between ROS and p38MAPK pathway. Combination treatment of carfilzomib and vorinostat enhanced their individual antitumor activity in both a human xenograft model as well as human primary T-cell leukemia/lymphoma cells. These data suggest the potential clinical benefit and underlying molecular mechanism of combining carfilzomib with vorinostat in the treatment of human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Gao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gege Chen
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Houcai Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingqian Xie
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangning Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Kong
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bojie Dai
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jumei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Targeting PTEN in Colorectal Cancers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1110:55-73. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02771-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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37
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Yang Y, Liu L, Naik I, Braunstein Z, Zhong J, Ren B. Transcription Factor C/EBP Homologous Protein in Health and Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1612. [PMID: 29230213 PMCID: PMC5712004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), known also as DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 and as growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 153 (GADD153), is induced in response to certain stressors. CHOP is universally acknowledged as a main conduit to endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. Ongoing research established the existence of CHOP-mediated apoptosis signaling networks, for which novel downstream targets are still being determined. However, there are studies that contradict this notion and assert that apoptosis is not the only mechanism by which CHOP plays in the development of pathologies. In this review, insights into the roles of CHOP in pathophysiology are summarized at the molecular and cellular levels. We further focus on the newest advances that implicate CHOP in human diseases including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and notably, fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ishan Naik
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zachary Braunstein
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Boxu Ren
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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38
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Ribeiro ST, Barata JT, Silva-Santos B. Multifaceted CK2 in malignant and healthy T cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90622-90623. [PMID: 29207585 PMCID: PMC5710866 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio T Ribeiro
- Bruno Silva-Santos: Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João T Barata
- Bruno Silva-Santos: Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Bruno Silva-Santos: Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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39
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Buontempo F, McCubrey JA, Orsini E, Ruzzene M, Cappellini A, Lonetti A, Evangelisti C, Chiarini F, Evangelisti C, Barata JT, Martelli AM. Therapeutic targeting of CK2 in acute and chronic leukemias. Leukemia 2017; 32:1-10. [PMID: 28951560 PMCID: PMC5770594 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CK2 is a ubiquitously expressed, constitutively active Ser/Thr protein kinase, which is considered the most pleiotropic protein kinase in the human kinome. Such a pleiotropy explains the involvement of CK2 in many cellular events. However, its predominant roles are stimulation of cell growth and prevention of apoptosis. High levels of CK2 messenger RNA and protein are associated with CK2 pathological functions in human cancers. Over the last decade, basic and translational studies have provided evidence of CK2 as a pivotal molecule driving the growth of different blood malignancies. CK2 overexpression has been demonstrated in nearly all the types of hematological cancers, including acute and chronic leukemias, where CK2 is a key regulator of signaling networks critical for cell proliferation, survival and drug resistance. The findings that emerged from these studies suggest that CK2 could be a valuable therapeutic target in leukemias and supported the initiation of clinical trials using CK2 antagonists. In this review, we summarize the recent advances on the understanding of the signaling pathways involved in CK2 inhibition-mediated effects with a particular emphasis on the combinatorial use of CK2 inhibitors as novel therapeutic strategies for treating both acute and chronic leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Buontempo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - J A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - E Orsini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Ruzzene
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Cappellini
- Department of Human, Social and Health Sciences, University of Cassino, Cassino, Italy
| | - A Lonetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Evangelisti
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy.,Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Chiarini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy.,Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Evangelisti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - J T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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40
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Ribeiro ST, Tesio M, Ribot JC, Macintyre E, Barata JT, Silva-Santos B. Casein kinase 2 controls the survival of normal thymic and leukemic γδ T cells via promotion of AKT signaling. Leukemia 2017; 31:1603-1610. [PMID: 27899804 PMCID: PMC5357576 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The thymus is the major site for normal and leukemic T-cell development. The dissection of the molecular determinants of T-cell survival and differentiation is paramount for the manipulation of healthy or transformed T cells in cancer (immuno)therapy. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a serine/threonine protein kinase whose anti-apoptotic functions have been described in various hematological and solid tumors. Here we disclose an unanticipated role of CK2 in healthy human thymocytes that is selective to the γδ T-cell lineage. γδ thymocytes display higher (and T-cell receptor inducible) CK2 activity than their αβ counterparts, and are strikingly sensitive to death upon CK2 inhibition. Mechanistically, we show that CK2 regulates the pro-survival AKT signaling pathway in γδ thymocytes and, importantly, also in γδ T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells. When compared with healthy thymocytes or leukemic αβ T cells, γδ T-ALL cells show upregulated CK2 activity, potentiated by CD27 costimulation, and enhanced apoptosis upon CK2 blockade using the chemical inhibitor CX-4945. Critically, this results in inhibition of tumor growth in a xenograft model of human γδ T-ALL. These data identify CK2 as a novel survival determinant of both healthy and leukemic γδ T cells, and may thus greatly impact their therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Ribeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Tesio
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP et Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - J C Ribot
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E Macintyre
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP et Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - J T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - B Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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41
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Oliveira ML, Akkapeddi P, Alcobia I, Almeida AR, Cardoso BA, Fragoso R, Serafim TL, Barata JT. From the outside, from within: Biological and therapeutic relevance of signal transduction in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cell Signal 2017. [PMID: 28645565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological cancer that arises from clonal expansion of transformed T-cell precursors. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the external stimuli and cell-intrinsic lesions that drive aberrant activation of pivotal, pro-tumoral intracellular signaling pathways in T-cell precursors, driving transformation, leukemia expansion, spread or resistance to therapy. In addition to their pathophysiological relevance, receptors and kinases involved in signal transduction are often attractive candidates for targeted drug development. As such, we discuss also the potential of T-ALL signaling players as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana L Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Padma Akkapeddi
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Alcobia
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Afonso R Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno A Cardoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Fragoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa L Serafim
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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42
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Gowda C, Soliman M, Kapadia M, Ding Y, Payne K, Dovat S. Casein Kinase II (CK2), Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) and Ikaros mediated regulation of leukemia. Adv Biol Regul 2017. [PMID: 28623166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Signaling networks that regulate cellular proliferation often involve complex interactions between several signaling pathways. In this manuscript we review the crosstalk between the Casein Kinase II (CK2) and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) pathways that plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular proliferation in leukemia. Both CK2 and GSK-3 are potential targets for anti-leukemia treatment. Previously published data suggest that CK2 and GSK-3 act synergistically to promote the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway via phosphorylation of PTEN. More recent data demonstrate another mechanism through which CK2 promotes the PI3K pathway - via transcriptional regulation of PI3K pathway genes by the newly-discovered CK2-Ikaros axis. Together, these data suggest that the CK2 and GSK-3 pathways regulate AKT/PI3K signaling in leukemia via two complementary mechanisms: a) direct phosphorylation of PTEN and b) transcriptional regulation of PI3K-promoting genes. Functional interactions between CK2, Ikaros and GSK3 define a novel signaling network that regulates proliferation of leukemia cells. This regulatory network involves both direct posttranslational modifications (by CK and GSK-3) and transcriptional regulation (via CK2-mediated phosphorylation of Ikaros). This information provides a basis for the development of targeted therapy for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Mario Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Malika Kapadia
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Kimberly Payne
- Department of Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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43
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Bender M, Schwind L, Grundmann D, Martin M, Klotz M, Götz C, Montenarh M, Schäfer KH. Impact of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Heliyon 2017. [PMID: 28649667 PMCID: PMC5470557 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein kinases play central roles in cell and tissue development. Protein kinase CK2, an ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase has severe impacts on embryo- and spermatogenesis. Since its role in neurogenesis has so far only been investigated in very few studies, we analysed the role of CK2 in neural stem cells by using two specific inhibitors. METHODS Neural stem cells were isolated from the subventricular zone of neonatal mice, using a neurosphere approach. Proliferation of the neurospheres, as well as their differentiation was investigated with and without inhibition of CK2. Changes in proliferation were assessed by counting the number and measuring the diameter of the neurospheres. Furthermore, the absolute cell numbers within the neurospheres were estimated. Differentiation was induced by retinoic acid in single cells after dissociation of the neurospheres. CK2 was inhibited at consecutive time points after induction of the differentiation process. RESULTS CK2 inhibition reduced the amount and size of proliferating neurospheres dose dependently. Adding the CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 at the start of differentiation we observed a dose-dependent effect of CX-4945 on cell viability and glia cell differentiation. Adding quinalizarin, a second CK2 inhibitor, at the start of differentiation led to an elevated level of apoptosis, which was accompanied by a reduced neural differentiation. Adding the CK2 inhibitors at 72 h after the start of differentiation had no effect on stem cell differentiation. Conclusion: Inhibition of CK2 influences early gliogenesis in a time point and concentration dependent manner. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of a CK2 inhibitor significantly affects the neural stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Bender
- Working Group Enteric Nervous System, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Campus Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Lisa Schwind
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Building 44, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg Saar, Germany
| | - David Grundmann
- Working Group Enteric Nervous System, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Campus Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Monika Martin
- Working Group Enteric Nervous System, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Campus Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Markus Klotz
- Working Group Enteric Nervous System, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Campus Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Claudia Götz
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Building 44, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg Saar, Germany
| | - Mathias Montenarh
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Building 44, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg Saar, Germany
| | - Karl-Herbert Schäfer
- Working Group Enteric Nervous System, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Campus Zweibrücken, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Surgery Mannheim, University Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Germany
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44
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Ruzzene M, Bertacchini J, Toker A, Marmiroli S. Cross-talk between the CK2 and AKT signaling pathways in cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 64:1-8. [PMID: 28373060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CK2 and AKT display a high degree of cross-regulation of their respective functions, both directly, through physical interaction and phosphorylation, and indirectly, through an intense cross-talk of key downstream effectors, ultimately leading to sustained AKT activation. Being CK2 and AKT attractive targets for therapeutic intervention, here we would like to emphasize how AKT and CK2 might influence cell fate through their complex isoform-specific and contextual-dependent cross-talk, to the extent that such functional interplay should be considered when devising therapies that target one or both these key signaling kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ruzzene
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- Cell Signaling Unit, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Alex Toker
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Cell Signaling Unit, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy.
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45
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Chua MMJ, Ortega CE, Sheikh A, Lee M, Abdul-Rassoul H, Hartshorn KL, Dominguez I. CK2 in Cancer: Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Target. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:E18. [PMID: 28134850 PMCID: PMC5374422 DOI: 10.3390/ph10010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CK2 genes are overexpressed in many human cancers, and most often overexpression is associated with worse prognosis. Site-specific expression in mice leads to cancer development (e.g., breast, lymphoma) indicating the oncogenic nature of CK2. CK2 is involved in many key aspects of cancer including inhibition of apoptosis, modulation of signaling pathways, DNA damage response, and cell cycle regulation. A number of CK2 inhibitors are now available and have been shown to have activity against various cancers in vitro and in pre-clinical models. Some of these inhibitors are now undergoing exploration in clinical trials as well. In this review, we will examine some of the major cancers in which CK2 inhibition has promise based on in vitro and pre-clinical studies, the proposed cellular and signaling mechanisms of anti-cancer activity by CK2 inhibitors, and the current or recent clinical trials using CK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M J Chua
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Charina E Ortega
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Ayesha Sheikh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Migi Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Hussein Abdul-Rassoul
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Kevan L Hartshorn
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Isabel Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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46
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Salizzato V, Borgo C, Cesaro L, Pinna LA, Donella-Deana A. Inhibition of protein kinase CK2 by CX-5011 counteracts imatinib-resistance preventing rpS6 phosphorylation in chronic myeloid leukaemia cells: new combined therapeutic strategies. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18204-18. [PMID: 26919095 PMCID: PMC4951282 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder promoted by the constitutive tyrosine kinase activity of Bcr-Abl oncoprotein. Although treatment with the Bcr-Abl-inhibitor imatinib represents the first-line therapy against CML, almost 20-30% of patients develop chemotherapeutic resistance and require alternative therapy. Here we show that a strong hyper-phosphorylation/activation of ERK1/2, Akt Ser473, and 40S ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) is detectable in imatinib-resistant KCL22 and K562 CML cells as compared to the -sensitive cell variants. In imatinib-resistant CML cells, high concentration of imatinib is required to strongly inhibit Bcr-Abl, ERK1/2 and Akt Ser473 phosphorylation, but under these conditions the phosphorylation of rpS6, a common downstream effector of MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways is only slightly reduced. By contrast, down-regulation of the protein kinase CK2 by the inhibitor CX-5011 or by silencing the CK2 subunits does not affect the activation state of MEK/ERK1/2 or PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling, but causes a drop in rpS6 phosphorylation in parallel with reduced protein synthesis. CK2-inhibition by CX-5011 induces cell death by apoptosis and acts synergistically with imatinib or the MEK-inhibitor U0126 in reducing the viability of imatinib-resistant CML cells. The ternary mixture containing CX-5011, imatinib and U0126 represents the most effective synergistic combination to counteract CML cell viability. These results disclose a novel CK2-mediated mechanism of acquired imatinib-resistance resulting in hyper-phosphorylation of rpS6. We suggest that co-targeting CK2 and MEK protein kinases is a promising strategy to restore responsiveness of resistant CML cells to imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Salizzato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of NeuroSciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Christian Borgo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of NeuroSciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Cesaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of NeuroSciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A Pinna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of NeuroSciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Arianna Donella-Deana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of NeuroSciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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47
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Synergistic cytotoxic effects of bortezomib and CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: turning off the prosurvival ER chaperone BIP/Grp78 and turning on the pro-apoptotic NF-κB. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1323-40. [PMID: 26593250 PMCID: PMC4811463 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is a new targeted treatment option for refractory or relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. However, a limited efficacy of bortezomib alone has been reported. A terminal pro-apoptotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/unfolded protein response (UPR) is one of the several mechanisms of bortezomib-induced apoptosis. Recently, it has been documented that UPR disruption could be considered a selective anti-leukemia therapy. CX-4945, a potent casein kinase (CK) 2 inhibitor, has been found to induce apoptotic cell death in T-ALL preclinical models, via perturbation of ER/UPR pathway. In this study, we analyzed in T- and B-ALL preclinical settings, the molecular mechanisms of synergistic apoptotic effects observed after bortezomib/CX-4945 combined treatment. We demonstrated that, adding CX-4945 after bortezomib treatment, prevented leukemic cells from engaging a functional UPR in order to buffer the bortezomib-mediated proteotoxic stress in ER lumen. We documented that the combined treatment decreased pro-survival ER chaperon BIP/Grp78 expression, via reduction of chaperoning activity of Hsp90. Bortezomib/CX-4945 treatment inhibited NF-κB signaling in T-ALL cell lines and primary cells from T-ALL patients, but, intriguingly, in B-ALL cells the drug combination activated NF-κB p65 pro-apoptotic functions. In fact in B-cells, the combined treatment induced p65-HDAC1 association with consequent repression of the anti-apoptotic target genes, Bcl-xL and XIAP. Exposure to NEMO (IKKγ)-binding domain inhibitor peptide reduced the cytotoxic effects of bortezomib/CX-4945 treatment. Overall, our findings demonstrated that CK2 inhibition could be useful in combination with bortezomib as a novel therapeutic strategy in both T- and B-ALL.
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48
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Lian H, Li D, Zhou Y, Landesman-Bollag E, Zhang G, Anderson NM, Tang KC, Roderick JE, Kelliher MA, Seldin DC, Fu H, Feng H. CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 destabilizes NOTCH1 and synergizes with JQ1 against human T-acute lymphoblastic leukemic cells. Haematologica 2016; 102:e17-e21. [PMID: 27758824 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.154013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Lian
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Dun Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA.,Department of Gynaecology, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Esther Landesman-Bollag
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
| | - Guanglan Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, MA, USA
| | - Nicole M Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Charles Tang
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
| | - Justine E Roderick
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michelle A Kelliher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - David C Seldin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA .,Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
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49
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Gowda C, Song C, Kapadia M, Payne JL, Hu T, Ding Y, Dovat S. Regulation of cellular proliferation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia by Casein Kinase II (CK2) and Ikaros. Adv Biol Regul 2016; 63:71-80. [PMID: 27666503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The IKZF1 gene encodes the Ikaros protein, a zinc finger transcriptional factor that acts as a master regulator of hematopoiesis and a tumor suppressor in leukemia. Impaired activity of Ikaros is associated with the development of high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with a poor prognosis. The molecular mechanisms that regulate Ikaros' function as a tumor suppressor and regulator of cellular proliferation are not well understood. We demonstrated that Ikaros is a substrate for Casein Kinase II (CK2), an oncogenic kinase that is overexpressed in ALL. Phosphorylation of Ikaros by CK2 impairs Ikaros' DNA-binding ability, as well as Ikaros' ability to regulate gene expression and function as a tumor suppressor in leukemia. Targeting CK2 with specific inhibitors restores Ikaros' function as a transcriptional regulator and tumor suppressor resulting in a therapeutic, anti-leukemia effect in a preclinical model of ALL. Here, we review the genes and pathways that are regulated by Ikaros and the molecular mechanisms through which Ikaros and CK2 regulate cellular proliferation in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Malika Kapadia
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Jonathon L Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Tommy Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Melão A, Spit M, Cardoso BA, Barata JT. Optimal interleukin-7 receptor-mediated signaling, cell cycle progression and viability of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells rely on casein kinase 2 activity. Haematologica 2016; 101:1368-1379. [PMID: 27470599 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.141143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 and interleukin-7 receptor are essential for normal T-cell development and homeostasis, whereas excessive interleukin-7/interleukin-7 receptor-mediated signaling promotes leukemogenesis. The protein kinase, casein kinase 2, is overexpressed and hyperactivated in cancer, including T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Herein, we show that while interleukin-7 had a minor but significant positive effect on casein kinase 2 activity in leukemia T-cells, casein kinase 2 activity was mandatory for optimal interleukin-7/interleukin-7 receptor-mediated signaling. Casein kinase 2 pharmacological inhibition impaired signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/v-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 pathway activation triggered by interleukin-7 or by mutational activation of interleukin-7 receptor. By contrast, forced expression of casein kinase 2 augmented interleukin-7 signaling in human embryonic kidney 293T cells reconstituted with the interleukin-7 receptor machinery. Casein kinase 2 inactivation prevented interleukin-7-induced B-cell lymphoma 2 upregulation, maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and viability of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines and primary leukemia cells collected from patients at diagnosis. Casein kinase 2 inhibition further abrogated interleukin-7-mediated cell growth and upregulation of the transferrin receptor, and blocked cyclin A and E upregulation and cell cycle progression. Notably, casein kinase 2 was also required for the viability of mutant interleukin-7 receptor expressing leukemia T-cells. Overall, our study identifies casein kinase 2 as a major player in the effects of interleukin-7 and interleukin-7 receptor in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This further highlights the potential relevance of targeting casein kinase 2 in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Melão
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maureen Spit
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno A Cardoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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