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Cao Z, Wang J, Liu X, Liu Y, Li F, Liu M, Chiu S, Jin X. Helminth alleviates COVID-19-related cytokine storm in an IL-9-dependent way. mBio 2024; 15:e0090524. [PMID: 38727220 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00905-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of pro-inflammatory type 1 cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] and interferon gamma [IFN-γ]) mirrors the inflammation of coronavirus disease 2019. Helminths could alleviate excessive immune responses. Here, helminth Trichinella spiralis (Ts) infection was shown to protect against TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced shock. Mechanistically, Ts-induced protection was interleukin-9 (IL-9) dependent but not IL-4Rα. Recombinant IL-9 treatment not only improved the survival of wild-type mice with TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced shock but also that of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected K18-human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) mice, emphasizing the significance of IL-9 in alleviating cytokine storm syndromes during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, Ts excretory/secretory (TsES)-induced protection was also observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection, indicating that identifying anti-inflammatory molecules from TsES could be a novel way to mitigate adverse pathological inflammation during pathogen infection.IMPORTANCESevere coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is linked to cytokine storm triggered by type 1 pro-inflammatory immune responses. TNF-α and IFN-γ shock mirrors cytokine storm syndromes, including COVID-19. Helminths (e.g., Trichinella spiralis, Ts) can potently activate anti-inflammatory type 2 immune response. Here, we found that helminth Ts-induced protection against TNF-α and IFN-γ shock was IL-9 dependent. Treatment with recombinant IL-9 could protect against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in K18-hACE2 mice. Helminth Ts excretory/secretory (TsES) products also ameliorated SARS-CoV-2 infection-related cytokine storm. In conclusion, our study emphasizes the significance of IL-9 in protecting from cytokine storm syndromes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Anti-inflammatory molecules from TsES could be a new source to mitigate adverse pathological inflammation associated with infections, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengguo Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangxu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sandra Chiu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuemin Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Burgos-Molina AM, Téllez Santana T, Redondo M, Bravo Romero MJ. The Crucial Role of Inflammation and the Immune System in Colorectal Cancer Carcinogenesis: A Comprehensive Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6188. [PMID: 38892375 PMCID: PMC11172443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation drives the growth of colorectal cancer through the dysregulation of molecular pathways within the immune system. Infiltration of immune cells, such as macrophages, into tumoral regions results in the release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6; IL-17; TNF-α), fostering tumor proliferation, survival, and invasion. Tumors employ various mechanisms to evade immune surveillance, effectively 'cloaking' themselves from detection and subsequent attack. A comprehensive understanding of these intricate molecular interactions is paramount for advancing novel strategies aimed at modulating the immune response against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Manuel Burgos-Molina
- Surgery, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.M.B.-M.); (T.T.S.); (M.J.B.R.)
| | - Teresa Téllez Santana
- Surgery, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.M.B.-M.); (T.T.S.); (M.J.B.R.)
- Research Network on Chronic Diseases, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Carlos III Health Institute (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Málaga Biomedical Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, IBIMA), Calle Doctor Miguel Díaz Recio, 28, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Maximino Redondo
- Surgery, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.M.B.-M.); (T.T.S.); (M.J.B.R.)
- Research Network on Chronic Diseases, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Carlos III Health Institute (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Málaga Biomedical Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, IBIMA), Calle Doctor Miguel Díaz Recio, 28, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Research Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, Autovía A-7, km 187, 29603 Marbella, Spain
| | - María José Bravo Romero
- Surgery, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.M.B.-M.); (T.T.S.); (M.J.B.R.)
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3
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Kovacevic B, Wagle SR, Ionescu CM, Foster T, Đanić M, Mikov M, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H. Biotechnological Effects of Advanced Smart-Bile Acid Cyclodextrin-Based Nanogels for Ear Delivery and Treatment of Hearing Loss. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303149. [PMID: 38514042 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Inner ear delivery requires safe and effective drug delivery vehicles incorporating high-viscosity formulations with permeation enhancers. This study designs novel thermoresponsive-smart polymer-bile acid and cyclodextrin-based nanogels for inner ear delivery. Nanogels are examined for their rheological and physical properties. The biocompatibility studies will be assessed on auditory and macrophage cell lines by investigating the impact of nanogels on cellular viability, mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis, intracellular oxidative stress, inflammatory profile, and macrophage polarization. Novel ther nanogels based on bile acid and beta-cyclodextrin show preserved porous nanogels' inner structure, exhibit non-Newtonian, shear-thinning fluid behavior, have fast gelation at 37 °C and minimal albumin adsorption on the surface. The nanogels have minimal impact on cellular viability, mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis, intracellular oxidative stress, and inflammatory profile of the auditory cell line House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 after 24 h incubation. Nanogel exposure of 24 h to macrophage cell line RAW264.7 leads to decreased viability, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased intracellular ROS and inflammatory cytokines. However, polarization changes from M2 anti-inflammatory to M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages are minimal, and inflammatory products of RAW264.7 macrophages do not overly disrupt the survivability of HEI-OC1 cells. Based on these results, thermoresponsive bile acid and cyclodextrin nanogels can be potential drug delivery vehicles for inner ear drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozica Kovacevic
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Susbin Raj Wagle
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Corina Mihaela Ionescu
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Thomas Foster
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Maja Đanić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21101, Serbia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21101, Serbia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
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4
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Lin Q, Kuypers M, Baglaenko Y, Cao E, Hezaveh K, Despot T, de Amat Herbozo C, Cruz Tleugabulova M, Umaña JM, McGaha TL, Philpott DJ, Mallevaey T. The intestinal microbiota modulates the transcriptional landscape of iNKT cells at steady-state and following antigen exposure. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:226-237. [PMID: 38331095 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are unconventional T cells that respond to microbe-derived glycolipid antigens. iNKT cells exert fast innate effector functions that regulate immune responses in a variety of contexts, including during infection, cancer, or inflammation. The roles these unconventional T cells play in intestinal inflammation remain poorly defined and vary based on the disease model and species. Our previous work suggested that the gut microbiota influenced iNKT cell functions during dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. This study, shows that iNKT cell homeostasis and response following activation are altered in germ-free mice. Using prenatal fecal transplant in specific pathogen-free mice, we show that the transcriptional signatures of iNKT cells at steady state and following αGC-mediated activation in vivo are modulated by the microbiota. Our data suggest that iNKT cells sense the microbiota at homeostasis independently of their T cell receptors. Finally, iNKT cell transcriptional signatures are different in male and female mice. Collectively, our findings suggest that sex and the intestinal microbiota are important factors that regulate iNKT cell homeostasis and responses. A deeper understanding of microbiota-iNKT cell interactions and the impact of sex could improve the development of iNKT cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Lin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meggie Kuypers
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuriy Baglaenko
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric Cao
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kebria Hezaveh
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tijana Despot
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Tracy L McGaha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thierry Mallevaey
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Hamley M, Leyk S, Casar C, Liebold I, Jawazneh AA, Lanzloth C, Böttcher M, Haas H, Richardt U, Rothlin CV, Jacobs T, Huber S, Adlung L, Pelczar P, Henao-Mejia J, Bosurgi L. Nmes1 is a novel regulator of mucosal response influencing intestinal healing potential. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350434. [PMID: 37971166 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The initiation of tissue remodeling following damage is a critical step in preventing the development of immune-mediated diseases. Several factors contribute to mucosal healing, leading to innovative therapeutic approaches for managing intestinal disorders. However, uncovering alternative targets and gaining mechanistic insights are imperative to enhance therapy efficacy and broaden its applicability across different intestinal diseases. Here we demonstrate that Nmes1, encoding for Normal Mucosa of Esophagus-Specific gene 1, also known as Aa467197, is a novel regulator of mucosal healing. Nmes1 influences the macrophage response to the tissue remodeling cytokine IL-4 in vitro. In addition, using two murine models of intestinal damage, each characterized by a type 2-dominated environment with contrasting functions, the ablation of Nmes1 results in decreased intestinal regeneration during the recovery phase of colitis, while enhancing parasitic egg clearance and reducing fibrosis during the advanced stages of Schistosoma mansoni infection. These outcomes are associated with alterations in CX3CR1+ macrophages, cells known for their wound-healing potential in the inflamed colon, hence promising candidates for cell therapies. All in all, our data indicate Nmes1 as a novel contributor to mucosal healing, setting the basis for further investigation into its potential as a new target for the treatment of colon-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Hamley
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Leyk
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Casar
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Imke Liebold
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amirah Al Jawazneh
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clarissa Lanzloth
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marius Böttcher
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ulricke Richardt
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas Jacobs
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Adlung
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical AI, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Penelope Pelczar
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jorge Henao-Mejia
- The Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lidia Bosurgi
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Zhang H, Shi Y, Lin C, He C, Wang S, Li Q, Sun Y, Li M. Overcoming cancer risk in inflammatory bowel disease: new insights into preventive strategies and pathogenesis mechanisms including interactions of immune cells, cancer signaling pathways, and gut microbiota. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1338918. [PMID: 38288125 PMCID: PMC10822953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1338918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized primarily by gastrointestinal inflammation, predominantly manifests as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). It is acknowledged that Inflammation plays a significant role in cancer development and patients with IBD have an increased risk of various cancers. The progression from inflammation to carcinogenesis in IBD is a result of the interplay between immune cells, gut microbiota, and carcinogenic signaling pathways in epithelial cells. Long-term chronic inflammation can lead to the accumulation of mutations in epithelial cells and the abnormal activation of carcinogenic signaling pathways. Furthermore, Immune cells play a pivotal role in both the acute and chronic phases of IBD, contributing to the transformation from inflammation to tumorigenesis. And patients with IBD frequently exhibit dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome. Disruption of the gut microbiota and subsequent immune dysregulation are central to the pathogenesis of both IBD and colitis associated colorectal cancer (CAC). The proactive management of inflammation combined with regular endoscopic and tumor screenings represents the most direct and effective strategy to prevent the IBD-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Zhang
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulu Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chanchan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chengcheng He
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanping Wang
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingsong Li
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Lee SW, Park HJ, Van Kaer L, Hong S. Role of CD1d and iNKT cells in regulating intestinal inflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1343718. [PMID: 38274786 PMCID: PMC10808723 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1343718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a subset of unconventional T cells that recognize glycolipid antigens in a CD1d-dependent manner, are crucial in regulating diverse immune responses such as autoimmunity. By engaging with CD1d-expressing non-immune cells (such as intestinal epithelial cells and enterochromaffin cells) and immune cells (such as type 3 innate lymphoid cells, B cells, monocytes and macrophages), iNKT cells contribute to the maintenance of immune homeostasis in the intestine. In this review, we discuss the impact of iNKT cells and CD1d in the regulation of intestinal inflammation, examining both cellular and molecular factors with the potential to influence the functions of iNKT cells in inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Biomedical Services, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Gomez-Bris R, Saez A, Herrero-Fernandez B, Rius C, Sanchez-Martinez H, Gonzalez-Granado JM. CD4 T-Cell Subsets and the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032696. [PMID: 36769019 PMCID: PMC9916759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term for the chronic immune-mediated idiopathic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, manifesting as Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD is characterized by exacerbated innate and adaptive immunity in the gut in association with microbiota dysbiosis and the disruption of the intestinal barrier, resulting in increased bacterial exposure. In response to signals from microorganisms and damaged tissue, innate immune cells produce inflammatory cytokines and factors that stimulate T and B cells of the adaptive immune system, and a prominent characteristic of IBD patients is the accumulation of inflammatory T-cells and their proinflammatory-associated cytokines in intestinal tissue. Upon antigen recognition and activation, CD4 T-cells differentiate towards a range of distinct phenotypes: T helper(h)1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, T follicular helper (Tfh), and several types of T-regulatory cells (Treg). T-cells are generated according to and adapt to microenvironmental conditions and participate in a complex network of interactions among other immune cells that modulate the further progression of IBD. This review examines the role of the CD4 T-cells most relevant to IBD, highlighting how these cells adapt to the environment and interact with other cell populations to promote or inhibit the development of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gomez-Bris
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Saez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Beatriz Herrero-Fernandez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rius
- Department of History of Science and Information Science, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- UISYS Research Unit, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector Sanchez-Martinez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Gonzalez-Granado
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913908766
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Oh SF, Jung DJ, Choi E. Gut Microbiota-Derived Unconventional T Cell Ligands: Contribution to Host Immune Modulation. Immunohorizons 2022; 6:476-487. [PMID: 35868838 PMCID: PMC9924074 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides the prototypic innate and adaptive pathways, immune responses by innate-like lymphocytes have gained significant attention due to their unique roles. Among innate-like lymphocytes, unconventional T cells such as NKT cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells recognize small nonpeptide molecules of specific chemical classes. Endogenous or microbial ligands are loaded to MHC class I-like molecule CD1d or MR1, and inducing immediate effector T cell and ligand structure is one of the key determinants of NKT/MAIT cell functions. Unconventional T cells are in close, constant contact with symbiotic microbes at the mucosal layer, and CD1d/MR1 can accommodate diverse metabolites produced by gut microbiota. There is a strong interest to identify novel immunoactive molecules of endobiotic (symbiont-produced) origin as new NKT/MAIT cell ligands, as well as new cognate Ags for previously uncharacterized unconventional T cell subsets. Further studies will open an possibility to explore basic biology as well as therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwhan F. Oh
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Da-Jung Jung
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Eungyo Choi
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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10
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Vaghari-Tabari M, Targhazeh N, Moein S, Qujeq D, Alemi F, Majidina M, Younesi S, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. From inflammatory bowel disease to colorectal cancer: what's the role of miRNAs? Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:146. [PMID: 35410210 PMCID: PMC8996392 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with relapse and remission periods. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are two major forms of the disease. IBD imposes a lot of sufferings on the patient and has many consequences; however, the most important is the increased risk of colorectal cancer, especially in patients with Ulcerative colitis. This risk is increased with increasing the duration of disease, thus preventing the progression of IBD to cancer is very important. Therefore, it is necessary to know the details of events contributed to the progression of IBD to cancer. In recent years, the importance of miRNAs as small molecules with 20-22 nucleotides has been recognized in pathophysiology of many diseases, in which IBD and colorectal cancer have not been excluded. As a result, the effectiveness of these small molecules as therapeutic target is hopefully confirmed. This paper has reviewed the related studies and findings about the role of miRNAs in the course of events that promote the progression of IBD to colorectal carcinoma, as well as a review about the effectiveness of some of these miRNAs as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Niloufar Targhazeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidina
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Simin Younesi
- Schoole of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melborne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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11
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Park HJ, Lee SW, Van Kaer L, Hong S. CD1d-Dependent iNKT Cells Control DSS-Induced Colitis in a Mouse Model of IFNγ-Mediated Hyperinflammation by Increasing IL22-Secreting ILC3 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1250. [PMID: 33513946 PMCID: PMC7866066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that CD1d-restricted iNKT cells suppress dysregulated IFNγ expression and intestinal inflammation in Yeti mice on the C57BL/6 background. Since type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) protect against intestinal inflammation in a CD1d-associated manner, we investigated whether crosstalk between iNKT cells and MLN ILC3s controls IFNγ-mediated intestinal inflammation in Yeti mice. We found that Yeti mice display increased levels of ILC3s and that iNKT cell deficiency in Yeti/CD1d KO mice decreases levels of IL22-producing ILC3s during DSS-induced colitis. This finding indicates that iNKT cells and ILC3s cooperate to regulate intestinal inflammation in Yeti mice. Yeti iNKT cells displayed a pronounced anti-inflammatory (IL4- or IL9-producing) phenotype during colitis. Their adoptive transfer to iNKT cell-deficient animals induced a significant increase in IL22 production by ILC3s, indicating that crosstalk between iNKT cells and ILC3s plays a critical role in modulating colitis in Yeti mice. Moreover, we showed that the IL9-producing subset of iNKT cells potently enhances IL22-producing ILC3s in vivo. Taken together, our results identify a central role of the iNKT cell-ILC3 axis in ameliorating IFNγ-mediated intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (H.J.P.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (H.J.P.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (H.J.P.); (S.W.L.)
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12
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Hertati A, Hayashi S, Ogawa Y, Yamamoto T, Kadowaki M. Interleukin-4 Receptor α Subunit Deficiency Alleviates Murine Intestinal Inflammation In Vivo Through the Enhancement of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:573470. [PMID: 33192516 PMCID: PMC7656058 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.573470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbance of epithelial barrier function causes chronic intestinal inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease. Several studies have reported that Th2 cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 play an important role in the regulation of intestinal barrier function. However, the precise role of the IL-4 receptor α subunit (IL-4Rα) in intestinal inflammation remains unclear. Thus, we used an experimental colitis model to investigate the role of IL-4Rα in intestinal inflammation. IL-4Rα-deficient (IL-4Rα-/-) mice and their littermate wild-type (WT) mice were used. Experimental colitis was induced by administration of 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in the drinking water for seven days. Treatment with DSS caused body weight loss, an increase in the disease activity index and histological abnormalities in WT colitis mice, all of which were significantly attenuated in IL-4Rα-/- colitis mice. Neutrophil infiltration in the colonic mucosa was reduced in IL-4Rα-/- colitis mice compared with WT colitis mice. NADPH oxidase 1 expression and reactive oxygen species production were increased in the colons of IL-4Rα-/- mice. Furthermore, elevated intestinal permeability induced by DSS treatment was suppressed in IL-4Rα-/- colitis mice. These results demonstrate that IL-4Rα-/- mice exhibit reduced susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis. Our present findings suggest that IL-4Rα deficiency enhances intestinal mucosal barrier function through the upregulation of NADPH oxidase 1-dependent reactive oxygen species production, thereby suppressing the development of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Hertati
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Shusaku Hayashi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yudai Ogawa
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Makoto Kadowaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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13
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Cui S, Wang C, Bai W, Li J, Pan Y, Huang X, Yang H, Feng Z, Xiang Q, Fei L, Zheng L, Huang J, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Chen Y. CD1d1 intrinsic signaling in macrophages controls NLRP3 inflammasome expression during inflammation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/43/eaaz7290. [PMID: 33087357 PMCID: PMC7577718 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz7290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of immune responses in the gut often associates with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Mouse CD1d1, an ortholog of human CD1d mainly participating in lipid-antigen presentation to NKT cells, is able to generate intrinsic signals upon stimulation. Mice with macrophage-specific CD1d1 deficiency (LymCD1d1-/- ) acquire resistance to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, attributing to the transcriptional inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome components. The hyperactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome accounts for gut epithelial proliferation and intestine-blood barrier integrity. Mechanistically, occupancy by the natural ligand glycosphingolipid iGb3, CD1d1 responds with intracellular Ser330 dephosphorylation thus to reduce the Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1)-associated AKT-STAT1 phosphorylation and subsequent NF-κB activation, eventually causing transcriptional down-regulation of Nlrp3 and its immediate substrates Il1b and Il18 in macrophages. Therefore, the counterbalancing role of CD1d1 in macrophages appears to determine severity of DSS-mediated colitis in mice. These findings propose new intervention strategies for treating IBD and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cui
- Yanbian University Hospital, Yanbian University, Jilin Province 133000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhi Bai
- Department of Emergency, Chongqing University Center Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Li
- School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Jilin Province 133000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Huang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeqing Feng
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Xiang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Fei
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Zheng
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Emergency, Chongqing University Center Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qinggao Zhang
- School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Jilin Province 133000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongwen Chen
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Ye D, Wang Z, Xu Y, Ye J, Wang M, Liu J, Zhang J, Zhao M, Chen J, Wan J. Interleukin-9 aggravates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by promoting inflammation and apoptosis in mice. Life Sci 2020; 255:117844. [PMID: 32464124 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Interleukin (IL) 9 is a pleiotropic cytokine, and recent studies have demonstrated that IL-9 is associated with several cardiovascular diseases, via regulation of the inflammatory response. Doxorubicin (DOX) is known to induce severe cardiac injury and dysfunction by enhancing inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the role of IL-9 in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS DOX was used to induce cardiac dysfunction and the expression of IL-9 in the murine cardiac tissues was measured. The mice were intraperitoneally injected with recombinant mouse IL-9 (rmIL-9) or anti-IL-9 neutralizing antibody (IL-9nAb) for investigating the effect of IL-9 on DOX-induced cardiac injury and dysfunction. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined in each group by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The effect of rmIL-9 or IL-9nAb on DOX-induced apoptosis was determined both in vivo and vitro. KEY FINDINGS IL-9 levels significantly increased in the heart following DOX injection. Cardiac injury and dysfunction were induced by DOX, and treatment with IL-9nAb significantly alleviated DOX-induced injury, whereas rmIL-9 administration aggravated the cardiac damage. IL-9nAb decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the DOX-treated mice, while rmIL-9 administration increased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. IL-9nAb reduced DOX-induced myocardial apoptosis, whereas rmIL-9 administration produced the opposite results. Additionally, IL-9nAb mitigated the DOX-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cells, while administration of rmIL-9 produced the opposite effect. SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrated that IL-9 aggravated DOX-induced cardiac injury and dysfunction by promoting the inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jishou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangbin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
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15
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Amoroso C, Perillo F, Strati F, Fantini M, Caprioli F, Facciotti F. The Role of Gut Microbiota Biomodulators on Mucosal Immunity and Intestinal Inflammation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051234. [PMID: 32429359 PMCID: PMC7291275 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the gut microbiota may cause dysregulated mucosal immune responses leading to the onset of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in genetically susceptible hosts. Restoring immune homeostasis through the normalization of the gut microbiota is now considered a valuable therapeutic approach to treat IBD patients. The customization of microbe-targeted therapies, including antibiotics, prebiotics, live biotherapeutics and faecal microbiota transplantation, is therefore considered to support current therapies in IBD management. In this review, we will discuss recent advancements in the understanding of host−microbe interactions in IBD and the basis to promote homeostatic immune responses through microbe-targeted therapies. By considering gut microbiota dysbiosis as a key feature for the establishment of chronic inflammatory events, in the near future it will be suitable to design new cost-effective, physiologic, and patient-oriented therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IBD that can be applied in a personalized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Amoroso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Federica Perillo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Strati
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Massimo Fantini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Duilio Casula Hospital, AOU Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20135 Milan, Italy;
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20135 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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de Aguiar CF, Castoldi A, Amano MT, Ignacio A, Terra FF, Cruz M, Felizardo RJF, Braga TT, Davanzo GG, Gambarini V, Antonio T, Antiorio ATFB, Hiyane MI, Morais da Fonseca D, Andrade-Oliveira V, Câmara NOS. Fecal IgA Levels and Gut Microbiota Composition Are Regulated by Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:697-708. [PMID: 31819985 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is a key element to support host homeostasis and the development of the immune system. The relationship between the microbiota and immunity is a 2-way road, in which the microbiota contributes to the development/function of immune cells and immunity can affect the composition of microbes. In this context, natural killer T cells (NKT cells) are distinct T lymphocytes that play a role in gut immunity and are influenced by gut microbes. In our work, we investigated the involvement of invariant NKT cells (iNKT) in intestinal homeostasis. RESULTS We found that iNKT-deficient mice (iNKT-KO) had reduced levels of fecal IgA and an altered composition of the gut microbiota, with increased Bacteroidetes. The absence of iNKT cells also affected TGF-β1 levels and plasma cells, which were significantly reduced in knockout (KO) mice. In addition, when submitted to dextran sodium sulfate colitis, iNKT-KO mice had worsening of colitis when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. To further address iNKT cell contribution to intestinal homeostasis, we adoptively transferred iNKT cells to KO mice, and they were submitted to colitis. Transfer of iNKT cells improved colitis and restored fecal IgA levels and gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that intestinal NKT cells are important modulators of intestinal homeostasis and that gut microbiota composition may be a potential target in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhiane Favero de Aguiar
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane T Amano
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Sírio-Libanês de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Ignacio
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fernandes Terra
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Cruz
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael J F Felizardo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Tárcio Teodoro Braga
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Gastão Davanzo
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Gambarini
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Antonio
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Tada Fonseca Brasil Antiorio
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Meire Ioshie Hiyane
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Morais da Fonseca
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Andrade-Oliveira
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André-SP, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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17
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Brailey PM, Lebrusant‐Fernandez M, Barral P. NKT cells and the regulation of intestinal immunity: a two‐way street. FEBS J 2020; 287:1686-1699. [PMID: 32022989 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian gastrointestinal compartment is colonised by millions of microorganisms that have a central influence on human health. Intestinal homeostasis requires a continuous dialogue between the commensal bacteria and intestinal immune cells. While interactions between host and commensal bacteria are normally beneficial, allowing training and functional tuning of immune cells, dysregulated immune system-microbiota crosstalk can favour the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, as it is the case for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Natural killer T (NKT) cells, which recognise CD1-restricted microbial and self-lipids, contribute to the regulation of mucosal immunity by controlling intestinal homeostasis and participating in the development of IBD. Here, we provide an overview of the recently identified pathways underlying the crosstalk between commensal bacteria and NKT cells and discuss the effect of these interactions in intestinal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M. Brailey
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology King’s College London UK
- The Francis Crick Institute London UK
| | - Marta Lebrusant‐Fernandez
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology King’s College London UK
- The Francis Crick Institute London UK
| | - Patricia Barral
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology King’s College London UK
- The Francis Crick Institute London UK
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18
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Intestinal microbes influence development of thymic lymphocytes in early life. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2570-2578. [PMID: 31964813 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915047117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The thymus generates cells of the T cell lineage that seed the lymphatic and blood systems. Transcription factor regulatory networks control the lineage programming and maturation of thymic precursor cells. Whether extrathymic antigenic events, such as the microbial colonization of the mucosal tract also shape the thymic T cell repertoire is unclear. We show here that intestinal microbes influence the thymic homeostasis of PLZF-expressing cells in early life. Impaired thymic development of PLZF+ innate lymphocytes in germ-free (GF) neonatal mice is restored by colonization with a human commensal, Bacteroides fragilis, but not with a polysaccharide A (PSA) deficient isogenic strain. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells influenced by microbes migrate from the colon to the thymus in early life to regulate PLZF+ cell homeostasis. Importantly, perturbations in thymic PLZF+ cells brought about by alterations in early gut microbiota persist into adulthood and are associated with increased susceptibility to experimental colitis. Our studies identify a pathway of communication between intestinal microbes and thymic lymphocytes in the neonatal period that can modulate host susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases later in life.
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19
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Lee S, Koh J, Chang Y, Kim HY, Chung DH. Invariant NKT Cells Functionally Link Microbiota-Induced Butyrate Production and Joint Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:3199-3208. [PMID: 31732526 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota contributes to the regulation of joint inflammation by modulating the function of immune cells. However, the mechanism by which the microbiota regulates joint inflammation is unclear. To address this, we investigated the effect of the gut microbiota on Ab-induced arthritis (AIA). Feeding mice a high-fiber diet attenuated AIA in a microbiota-dependent manner. Among the short-chain fatty acids produced by the microbiota, butyrate suppressed cytokine production by invariant NKT (iNKT) cells by inhibiting class I histone deacetylases. Furthermore, butyrate alleviated AIA in wild-type, but not iNKT cell-deficient Jα18 knockout (KO), mice. Adoptive transfer of butyrate-pretreated iNKT cells had no effect on AIA in Jα18 KO mice, whereas transfer of untreated iNKT cells into Jα18 KO mice restored AIA. In conclusion, our data indicate that gut microbiota-induced butyrate production attenuates AIA by inhibiting cytokine production by iNKT cells. Thus, the microbiota/butyrate/iNKT cell axis may be a therapeutic target for joint inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangsin Lee
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea; and
| | - Yuna Chang
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunity, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunity, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea; .,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea; and
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20
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Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) are an innate-like T cell subset that expresses an invariant T cell receptor (TCR) α-chain and recognizes lipids presented on CD1d. They secrete diverse cytokines and can influence many types of immune responses. Despite having highly similar TCR specificities, iNKT cells differentiate in the thymus into distinct subsets that are analogous to T helper 1 (TH1), TH2 and TH17 cell subsets. Additional iNKT cell subsets that may require peripheral activation have also been described, including one that produces IL-10. In general, iNKT cells are non-circulating, tissue-resident lymphocytes, but the prevalence of different iNKT cell subsets differs markedly between tissues. Here, we summarize the functions of iNKT cells in four tissues in which they are prevalent, namely, the liver, the lungs, adipose tissue and the intestine. Importantly, we explain how local iNKT cell responses at each site contribute to tissue homeostasis and protection from infection but can also contribute to tissue inflammation and damage.
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21
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Clancy‐Thompson E, Chen GZ, LaMarche NM, Ali LR, Jeong H, Crowley SJ, Boelaars K, Brenner MB, Lynch L, Dougan SK. Transnuclear mice reveal Peyer's patch iNKT cells that regulate B-cell class switching to IgG1. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101260. [PMID: 31304630 PMCID: PMC6627243 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident iNKT cells maintain tissue homeostasis and peripheral surveillance against pathogens; however, studying these cells is challenging due to their low abundance and poor recovery from tissues. We here show that iNKT transnuclear mice, generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer, have increased tissue resident iNKT cells. We examined expression of PLZF, T-bet, and RORγt, as well as cytokine/chemokine profiles, and found that both monoclonal and polyclonal iNKT cells differentiated into functional subsets that faithfully replicated those seen in wild-type mice. We detected iNKT cells from tissues in which they are rare, including adipose, lung, skin-draining lymph nodes, and a previously undescribed population in Peyer's patches (PP). PP-NKT cells produce the majority of the IL-4 in Peyer's patches and provide indirect help for B-cell class switching to IgG1 in both transnuclear and wild-type mice. Oral vaccination with α-galactosylceramide shows enhanced fecal IgG1 titers in iNKT cell-sufficient mice. Transcriptional profiling reveals a unique signature of PP-NKT cells, characterized by tissue residency. We thus define PP-NKT as potentially important for surveillance for mucosal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gui Zhen Chen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Nelson M LaMarche
- Department of RheumatologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Program in ImmunologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Lestat R Ali
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Hee‐Jin Jeong
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Present address:
Hongik UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Stephanie J Crowley
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Kelly Boelaars
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- VU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Department of RheumatologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Program in ImmunologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Department of RheumatologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Program in ImmunologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Stephanie K Dougan
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Program in ImmunologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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22
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Chakraborty S, Kubatzky KF, Mitra DK. An Update on Interleukin-9: From Its Cellular Source and Signal Transduction to Its Role in Immunopathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092113. [PMID: 31035677 PMCID: PMC6522352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a pleiotropic cytokine and was primarily studied in the context of T helper 2 (TH2)-associated immuno-pathological conditions such as asthma and parasitic infections. There was a paradigm shift in the biology of IL-9 after the recent discovery of TH9 cells, a new subtype of TH cells which secrete IL-9 in copious amounts. This has resulted in renewed interest in this cytokine, which was neglected since discovery because it was considered it to be just another TH2 cytokine. Recent studies have shown that it has multiple cellular sources and is critically involved in the immune-pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and in guarding immune tolerance. In this review, we will discuss its discovery, gene organization, cellular sources, and signaling pathways. Especially, we will give an update on the recent development regarding its relevance in the immune pathogenesis of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Chakraborty
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 1100029, India.
| | - Katharina F Kubatzky
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Dipendra Kumar Mitra
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 1100029, India.
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23
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Li Q, Shan Q, Sang X, Zhu R, Chen X, Cao G. Total Glycosides of Peony Protects Against Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Regulating IL-23/IL-17 Axis and Th17/Treg Balance. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:177-201. [PMID: 30612460 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of autoimmune diseases, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, characterized by nonspecific inflammation in the gut. Total glycoside of peony (TGP) has been widely used for treatment of autoimmune diseases because of its pharmacological effects. However, it is lack of depth in whether TGP regulate T helper 17 cell (Th17) / T regulatory cell (Treg) immune balance or interleukin 23 (IL-23) / IL-17 axis to achieve the goal of treating IBD. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TGP on experimental colitis mice and the related mechanisms. In the present study, we demonstrated that administration of TGP effectively attenuates colonic inflammation of TNBS-induced colitis mice, mainly reflected in significantly improved clinical parameters, reduced inflammatory response and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, even stronger systemic immune ability and effective improvement of Th17/Treg immune disorders. In addition, there was a stronger immunosuppressive ability in a positive cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4[Formula: see text]) T-lymphocytes from the TGP treated mouse colon, characterized by the inhibition of high levels of inflammatory factors and increased regulatory T cells. Importantly, high-dose TGP has similar therapeutic effects as salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP) on IBD treatment. The potential mechanisms might be, at least in part, related to the adjustment of imbalance of Th17/Treg cells and the inhibition of IL-23/IL17 inflammatory signal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, P. R. China
| | - Qiyuan Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xianan Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ruyi Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaocheng Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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24
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Burrello C, Pellegrino G, Giuffrè MR, Lovati G, Magagna I, Bertocchi A, Cribiù FM, Boggio F, Botti F, Trombetta E, Porretti L, Di Sabatino A, Vecchi M, Rescigno M, Caprioli F, Facciotti F. Mucosa-associated microbiota drives pathogenic functions in IBD-derived intestinal iNKT cells. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/1/e201800229. [PMID: 30760554 PMCID: PMC6374994 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis has been linked to the aberrant activation of the Gut-associated lymphoid tissues against components of the intestinal microbiota. Although the contribution of CD4+ T helper cells to inflammatory processes is being increasingly acknowledged, the functional engagement of human invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells is still poorly defined. Here, we evaluated the functional characteristics of intestinal iNKT cells during IBD pathogenesis and to exploit the role of mucosa-associated microbiota recognition in triggering iNKT cells' pro-inflammatory responses in vivo. Lamina propria iNKT cells, isolated from surgical specimens of active ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease patients and non-IBD donors, were phenotypically and functionally analyzed ex vivo, and stable cell lines and clones were generated for in vitro functional assays. iNKT cells expressing a pro-inflammatory cytokine profile were enriched in the lamina propria of IBD patients, and their exposure to the mucosa-associated microbiota drives pro-inflammatory activation, inducing direct pathogenic activities against the epithelial barrier integrity. These observations suggest that iNKT cell pro-inflammatory functions may contribute to the fuelling of intestinal inflammation in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Burrello
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Istitute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pellegrino
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Giuffrè
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Lovati
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Istitute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Magagna
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Istitute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Bertocchi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Istitute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvia Milena Cribiù
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Boggio
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Botti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,General and Emergency Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Trombetta
- Flow Cytometry Service, Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Porretti
- Flow Cytometry Service, Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Istitute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Istitute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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25
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Lee SW, Park HJ, Cheon JH, Wu L, Van Kaer L, Hong S. iNKT Cells Suppress Pathogenic NK1.1 +CD8 + T Cells in DSS-Induced Colitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2168. [PMID: 30333822 PMCID: PMC6176072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells producing IFNγ play a pathogenic role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To investigate the functions of CD1d-dependent invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in experimental colitis induced in Yeti mice with dysregulated expression of IFNγ, we generated iNKT cell-deficient Yeti/CD1d KO mice and compared colitis among WT, CD1d KO, Yeti, and Yeti/CD1d KO mice following DSS treatment. We found that deficiency of iNKT cells exacerbated colitis and disease pathogenesis was mainly mediated by NK1.1+CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the protective effects of iNKT cells correlated with up-regulation of regulatory T cells. Taken together, our results have demonstrated that CD1d-dependent iNKT cells and CD1d-independent NK1.1+CD8+ T cells reciprocally regulate the development of intestinal inflammatory responses mediated by IFNγ-dysregulation. These findings also identify NK1.1+CD8+ T cells as novel target cells for the development of therapeutics for human IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Matusiewicz K, Iwańczak B, Matusiewicz M. Th9 lymphocytes and functions of interleukin 9 with the focus on IBD pathology. Adv Med Sci 2018; 63:278-284. [PMID: 29567622 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The work presents the newest knowledge on a new phenotype of T helper lymphocytes (Th9) and on Interleukin 9 (IL-9). Processes leading to transformation of naïve T lymphocyte into Th9 lymphocytes are presented, including the role of IL-4 and TGFβ signaling. Involvement of transcription factor network in production of IL-9 is described. Other cells capable of expressing IL-9 and secreting IL-9 are portrayed. Diversity of IL-9 effects caused by activation of IL-9 receptors on various types of cells is presented. Principal effects of the activation of IL-9 receptor on T-cells seem to be antiapoptotic and stimulatory which leads to enhanced defense against parasitic infection and cancer development but, from the other side, it perpetuate chronic inflammation in autoimmune diseases and allergic processes. In the last years the role of IL-9 in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatic diseases and inflammatory bowel disease gained importance since the increased expression of this cytokine has been observed in animal models of intestinal inflammation and in groups of patients with ulcerative colitis. It was also noted that neutralization of IL-9 in animal models of ulcerative colitis leads to amelioration of inflammatory process, what could have significance in the treatment of this disease in humans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Matusiewicz
- Department and Clinic of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Iwańczak
- Department and Clinic of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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27
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Vyas SP, Goswami R. A Decade of Th9 Cells: Role of Th9 Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1139. [PMID: 29881387 PMCID: PMC5976801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper cell subsets play a critical role in providing protection against offending pathogens by secreting specific cytokines. However, unrestrained T helper cell responses can promote chronic inflammation-mediated inflammatory diseases. Dysregulated T helper cell responses have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple inflammatory diseases, including allergic airway inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) among others. Aberrant pro-inflammatory responses induced by Th1, Th2, and Th17 subsets are known to trigger IBD. IBD is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by weight loss, diarrhea, pain, fever, and rectal bleeding. It poses a major health burden worldwide owing to the increased risk of colorectal cancer development. Despite numerous therapeutic advancements, IBD still remains a major health burden due to the inefficiency of the conventional therapies. Recently, IL-9-secreting Th9 cells are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. However, the role of Th9 cells and their secretory cytokine IL-9 in IBD is unclear. The functional relevance of Th9 cells is also relatively understudied in IBD. Thus, investigating the actual role of various T helper cell subsets including Th9 cells in IBD is essential to develop novel therapies to treat IBD. Here, we highlight the role of Th9 cells in promoting IBD. We discuss the mechanisms that might be employed by Th9 cells and IL-9 in promoting IBD and thereby propose potential targets for the treatment of Th9 cell-mediated IBD.
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28
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Shen S, Prame Kumar K, Stanley D, Moore RJ, Van TTH, Wen SW, Hickey MJ, Wong CHY. Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Shape the Gut Microbiota and Regulate Neutrophil Recruitment and Function During Intestinal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:999. [PMID: 29867976 PMCID: PMC5949322 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and neutrophils play an increasingly important part in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, but their precise roles in modulating colitis remain unclear. Previous studies have shown important interplays between host immune system and the gut microbiota, and the resulting modulation of inflammation. However, the interactions between iNKT cells, neutrophil and gut microbiota in regulating colitis pathology are poorly understood. Here, we show iNKT cell-deficient Jα18−/− mice display reduced dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colonic inflammation compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts. We reveal that there is a distinct gut microbiota shaped by the absence of iNKT cells, which comprises of microorganisms that are associated with protection from colonic inflammation. Additionally, the reduced inflammation in Jα18−/− mice was correlated with increased expressions of neutrophil chemoattractant (Cxcl1 and Cxcl2) and increased neutrophil recruitment. However, these neutrophils were recruited to the colon at day 3 of our model, prior to observable clinical signs at day 5. Further analysis shows that these neutrophils, primed by the microbiota shaped by the lack of iNKT cells, exhibit anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory properties. Indeed, depletion of neutrophils in DSS-treated Jα18−/− mice demonstrates that neutrophils confer an anti-colitogenic effect in the absence of iNKT cells. Thus, our data supports a changing dogma that neutrophils possess important regulatory roles in inflammation and highlights the complexity of the iNKT cell–microbiota–neutrophil axis in regulating colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sj Shen
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn Prame Kumar
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dragana Stanley
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert J Moore
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi Thu Hao Van
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shu Wen Wen
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael J Hickey
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Connie H Y Wong
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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29
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Shohan M, Elahi S, Shirzad H, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Bagheri N, Soltani E. Th9 Cells: Probable players in ulcerative colitis pathogenesis. Int Rev Immunol 2018; 37:192-205. [PMID: 29672174 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2018.1457659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes represent an important part of adaptive immune system undertaking different functions to regulate immune responses. CD4+ T cells are the most important activator cells in inflammatory conditions. Depending on the type of induced cells and inflamed sites, expression and activity of different subtypes of helper T cells are changed. Recent studies have confirmed the existence of a new subset of helper T lymphocytes called Th9. Naive T cells can differentiate into Th9 subtypes if they are exposed simultaneously by interleukin (IL) 4 and transforming growth factor β and also secondary activation of a complicated network of transcription factors such as interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and Smads which are essential for adequate induction of this phenotype. Th9 cells specifically produce interleukin 9 and their probable roles in promoting intestinal inflammation are being investigated in human subjects and experimental models of ulcerative colitis (UC). Recently, infiltration of Th9 cells, overexpression of IL-9, and certain genes associated with Th9 differentiation have been demonstrated in inflammatory microenvironment of UC. Intestinal oversecretion of IL-9 protein is likely to break down epithelial barriers and compromise tolerance to certain commensal microorganisms which leads to inflammation. Th9 pathogenicity has not yet been adequately explored in UC and they are far from being considered as inflammatory cells in this milieu, therefore precise understanding the role of these newly identified cells in particular their potential role in gut pathogenesis may enable us to develop novel therapeutic approaches for inflammatory bowel disease. So, this article tries to discuss the latest knowledge on the above-mentioned field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shohan
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- b Department of Dentistry , Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology , Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- c Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- d Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Emad Soltani
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
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30
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Th1/Th2 Balance and Th17/Treg-Mediated Immunity in relation to Murine Resistance to Dextran Sulfate-Induced Colitis. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:7047201. [PMID: 28584821 PMCID: PMC5444015 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7047201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of the Th17/Treg balance in the development of experimental colitis remains poorly understood. Methods We exploited the differential response of BALB/c mice and C57BL/6 mice towards drinking water mediated by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) challenge. Results DSS-resistant BALB/c mice were characterized by low levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α but high levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, and colon lamina propria and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells when compared to C57BL/6 mice. Collectively, these data indicate the propensity of BALB/c mice towards a Th2/Th17/Treg-polarized immunity protecting these animals against DSS challenge, whereas Th1-polarization of C57BL/6 mice confers sensitivity to DSS-induced colitis. Conclusions The intrinsic congenital capacity of mouse strains with respect to T cell proliferation determines sensitivity to experimental colitis.
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31
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Sagami S, Ueno Y, Tanaka S, Fujita A, Niitsu H, Hayashi R, Hyogo H, Hinoi T, Kitadai Y, Chayama K. Choline Deficiency Causes Colonic Type II Natural Killer T (NKT) Cell Loss and Alleviates Murine Colitis under Type I NKT Cell Deficiency. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169681. [PMID: 28095507 PMCID: PMC5241147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum levels of choline and its derivatives are lower in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in healthy individuals. However, the effect of choline deficiency on the severity of colitis has not been investigated. In the present study, we investigated the role of choline deficiency in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet lowered the levels of type II natural killer T (NKT) cells in the colonic lamina propria, peritoneal cavity, and mesenteric lymph nodes, and increased the levels of type II NKT cells in the livers of wild-type B6 mice compared with that in mice fed a control (CTR) diet. The gene expression pattern of the chemokine receptor CXCR6, which promotes NKT cell accumulation, varied between colon and liver in a manner dependent on the changes in the type II NKT cell levels. To examine the role of type II NKT cells in colitis under choline-deficient conditions, we assessed the severity of DSS-induced colitis in type I NKT cell-deficient (Jα18-/-) or type I and type II NKT cell-deficient (CD1d-/-) mice fed the MCD or CTR diets. The MCD diet led to amelioration of inflammation, decreases in interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 secretion, and a decrease in the number of IFN-γ and IL-4-producing NKT cells in Jα18-/- mice but not in CD1d-/- mice. Finally, adaptive transfer of lymphocytes with type II NKT cells exacerbated DSS-induced colitis in Jα18-/- mice with MCD diet. These results suggest that choline deficiency causes proinflammatory type II NKT cell loss and alleviates DSS-induced colitis. Thus, inflammation in DSS-induced colitis under choline deficiency is caused by type II NKT cell-dependent mechanisms, including decreased type II NKT cell and proinflammatory cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Sagami
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail: (SS); (YU)
| | - Yoshitaka Ueno
- Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail: (SS); (YU)
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Fujita
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Niitsu
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryohei Hayashi
- Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hyogo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takao Hinoi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chu-goku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kitadai
- Department of Life Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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32
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Abstract
IL-9 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in certain immune-mediated diseases where chronic or acute inflammation of the mucosa plays an important role. Although initially described as being produced by what was then thought to be Th2 cells, it was later described that specialized lymphocyte populations are involved in IL-9 production. In addition to the classical Th9 effector (subset of CD4+ T cells), IL-9 is also produced by nonconventional lymphocytes, namely invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). The identification of IL-9-producing cells by flow cytometry and cytokine measurements are pivotal for assigning and defining functional cellular phenotypes. In this chapter we provide methods for the in vitro polarization of IL-9-producing nonconventional lymphocytes and the best conditions for the detection of IL-9 production by intracellular staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia C P Almeida
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-025, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luis Graca
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-025, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal.
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33
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Abstract
T Helper cells (CD4+ T cells) constitute one of the key arms of adaptive immune responses. Differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into multiple subsets ensure a proper protection against multitude of pathogens in immunosufficient individual. After differentiation, T helper cells secrete specific cytokines that are critical to provide immunity against various pathogens. The recently discovered Th9 cells secrete the pleiotropic cytokine, IL-9. Although IL-9 was cloned more than 25 years ago and characterized as a Th2 cell-specific cytokine, not many studies were carried out to define the function of IL-9. This cytokine has been demonstrated to act on multiple cell types as a growth factor. After the discovery of Th9 cells as an abundant source of IL-9, renewed focus has been generated. In this chapter, I discuss the biology and development of IL-9-secreting Th9 cells. Furthermore, I highlight the role of Th9 cells and IL-9 in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritobrata Goswami
- School of Bio Science, Sir JC Bose Laboratory Complex, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India.
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34
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Abstract
Since the discovery of IL-9 almost three decades back as a growth factor, we have come a long way to understand its pleiotropic functions in the immune system. Despite its many functions, IL-9 still remains as an understudied cytokine. In the last decade, renewed emphasis has been provided to understand the biology of IL-9. Any growth factor or cytokine signals via its cognate receptor to mediate biological functions. In this chapter, we discuss the IL-9 signal transduction in different cell types, which would then exert its distinct functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijendra Nath Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, NIT-Agartala, Jirania, 799046, Tripura, India
| | - Ritobrata Goswami
- School of Bio Science, Sir JC Bose Laboratory Complex, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India.
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35
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Weigmann B, Neurath MF. Th9 cells in inflammatory bowel diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 39:89-95. [PMID: 27837255 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic, relapsing, immunologically mediated disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Emerging evidence suggests a critical functional role of transcription factors and T cell-related cytokines in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Gut-residing T cells from patients with inflammatory bowel disease produce high amounts of IL-9. Experimental models of colitis highlighted that IL-9-producing T cells critically interfered with an intact barrier function of the intestinal epithelium by impacting cellular proliferation and tight junction molecules. The blockade of IL-9 was suited to significantly ameliorate the disease activity and severity in experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease thereby suggesting that targeting IL-9 might function as a novel targeted approach for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benno Weigmann
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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36
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Selvanantham T, Lin Q, Guo CX, Surendra A, Fieve S, Escalante NK, Guttman DS, Streutker CJ, Robertson SJ, Philpott DJ, Mallevaey T. NKT Cell–Deficient Mice Harbor an Altered Microbiota That Fuels Intestinal Inflammation during Chemically Induced Colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4464-4472. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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37
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Simovic Markovic B, Nikolic A, Gazdic M, Bojic S, Vucicevic L, Kosic M, Mitrovic S, Milosavljevic M, Besra G, Trajkovic V, Arsenijevic N, Lukic ML, Volarevic V. Galectin-3 Plays an Important Pro-inflammatory Role in the Induction Phase of Acute Colitis by Promoting Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Production of IL-1β in Macrophages. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:593-606. [PMID: 26786981 PMCID: PMC4957458 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Galectin-3 [Gal-3] is an endogenous lectin with a broad spectrum of immunoregulatory effects: it plays an important role in autoimmune/inflammatory and malignant diseases, but the precise role of Gal-3 in pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis is still unknown. METHODS We used a model of dextran sulphate sodium [DSS]-induced acute colitis. The role of Gal-3 in pathogenesis of this disease was tested by evaluating disease development in Gal-3 deficient mice and administration of Gal-3 inhibitor. Disease was monitored by clinical, histological, histochemical, and immunophenotypic investigations. Adoptive transfer was used to detect cellular events in pathogenesis. RESULTS Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of Gal-3 significantly attenuate DSS-induced colitis. Gal-3 deletion suppresses production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colonic macrophages and favours their alternative activation, as well as significantly reducing activation of NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 [NLRP3] inflammasome in macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from untreated Gal-3(-/-) mice and treated in vitro with bacterial lipopolysaccharide or DSS produce lower amounts of tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] and interleukin beta [IL-1β] when compared with wild type [WT] cells. Genetic deletion of Gal-3 did not directly affect total neutrophils, inflammatory dendritic cells [DCs] or natural killer [NK] T cells. However, the total number of CD11c+ CD80+ DCs which produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as TNF-α and IL-1β producing CD45+ CD11c- Ly6G+ neutrophils were significantly lower in colons of Gal-3(-/-) DSS-treated mice. Adoptive transfer of WT macrophages significantly enhanced the severity of disease in Gal-3(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Gal-3 expression promotes acute DSS-induced colitis and plays an important pro-inflammatory role in the induction phase of colitis by promoting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and production of IL-1β in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Simovic Markovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Nikolic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Gazdic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sanja Bojic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Vucicevic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Kosic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodanka Mitrovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milos Milosavljevic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Gurdyal Besra
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miodrag L. Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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38
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Mager LF, Wasmer MH, Rau TT, Krebs P. Cytokine-Induced Modulation of Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 6:96. [PMID: 27148488 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of novel immunomodulatory cancer therapies over the last decade, above all immune checkpoint blockade, has significantly advanced tumor treatment. For colorectal cancer (CRC), a novel scoring system based on the immune cell infiltration in tumors has greatly improved disease prognostic evaluation and guidance to more specific therapy. These findings underline the relevance of tumor immunology in the future handling and therapeutic approach of malignant disease. Inflammation can either promote or suppress CRC pathogenesis and inflammatory mediators, mainly cytokines, critically determine the pro- or anti-tumorigenic signals within the tumor environment. Here, we review the current knowledge on the cytokines known to be critically involved in CRC development and illustrate their mechanisms of action. We also highlight similarities and differences between CRC patients and murine models of CRC and point out cytokines with an ambivalent role for intestinal cancer. We also identify some of the future challenges in the field that should be addressed for the development of more effective immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas F Mager
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Marie-Hélène Wasmer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tilman T Rau
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
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39
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Huang E, Liu R, Lu Z, Liu J, Liu X, Zhang D, Chu Y. NKT cells mediate the recruitment of neutrophils by stimulating epithelial chemokine secretion during colitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:252-258. [PMID: 27063801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a kind of inflammatory bowel diseases characterized by chronic inflammation and ulcer in colon, and UC patients have increased risk of getting colorectal cancer. NKT cells are cells that express both NK cell markers and semi-invariant CD1d-restricted TCRs, can regulate immune responses via secreting a variety of cytokines upon activation. In our research, we found that the NKT cell-deficient CD1d(-/-) mice had relieved colitis in the DSS-induced colitis model. Further investigations revealed that the colon of CD1d(-/-) mice expressed less neutrophil-attracting chemokine CXCL 1, 2 and 3, and had decreased neutrophil infiltration. Infiltrated neutrophils also produced less reactive oxygen species (ROS) and TNF-α, indicating they may cause less epithelial damage. In addition, colitis-associated colorectal cancer was also relieved in CD1d(-/-) mice. During colitis, NKT cells strongly expressed TNF-α, which could stimulate CXCL 1, 2, 3 expressions by the epithelium. In conclusion, NKT cells can regulate colitis via the NKT cell-epithelium-neutrophil axis. Targeting this mechanism may help to improve the therapy of UC and prevent colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyu Huang
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiajing Liu
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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40
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Neurath MF, Finotto S. IL-9 signaling as key driver of chronic inflammation in mucosal immunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 29:93-9. [PMID: 26976761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted a crucial regulatory role of the cytokine IL-9 in driving immune responses in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases at mucosal surfaces. IL-9 activates various types of immune and non-immune cells carrying the membrane bound IL-9R. IL-9 signaling plays a pivotal role in controlling the differentiation and activation of these cells by inducing the Jak/STAT pathway. In particular, IL-9 induces activation of T helper cells and affects the function of various tissue resident cells such as mast cells and epithelial cells in the mucosa. Importantly, recent findings suggest that blockade of IL-9 signaling is effective in treating experimental models of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases, allergic disorders such as food allergy and asthma. Thus, blockade of IL-9 and IL-9R signaling emerges as potentially novel approach for therapy of inflammatory diseases in the mucosal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus F Neurath
- 1st Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pulmonology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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41
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Monteiro M, Agua-Doce A, Almeida CF, Fonseca-Pereira D, Veiga-Fernandes H, Graca L. IL-9 Expression by Invariant NKT Cells Is Not Imprinted during Thymic Development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3463-71. [PMID: 26297763 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cell thymic development can lead to distinct committed effector lineages, namely NKT1, NKT2, and NKT17. However, following identification of IL-9-producing iNKT cells involved in mucosal inflammation, their development remains unaddressed. In this study, we report that although thymic iNKT cells from naive mice do not express IL-9, iNKT cell activation in the presence of TGF-β and IL-4 induces IL-9 secretion in murine and human iNKT cells. Acquisition of IL-9 production was observed in different iNKT subsets defined by CD4, NK1.1, and neuropilin-1, indicating that distinct functional subpopulations are receptive to IL-9 polarization. Transcription factor expression kinetics suggest that regulatory mechanisms of IL-9 expression are shared by iNKT and CD4 T cells, with Irf4 and Batf deficiency deeply affecting IL-9 production. Importantly, adoptive transfer of an enriched IL-9(+) iNKT cell population leads to exacerbated allergic inflammation in the airways upon intranasal immunization with house dust mite, confirming the ability of IL-9-producing iNKT cells to mediate proinflammatory effects in vivo, as previously reported. Taken together, our data show that peripheral iNKT cells retain the capacity of shaping their function in response to environmental cues, namely TGF-β and IL-4, adopting an IL-9-producing NKT cell phenotype able to mediate proinflammatory effects in vivo, namely granulocyte and mast cell recruitment to the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Monteiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; and Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Agua-Doce
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; and Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina F Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; and Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diogo Fonseca-Pereira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; and
| | - Henrique Veiga-Fernandes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; and
| | - Luis Graca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; and Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
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42
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Szabo PA, Anantha RV, Shaler CR, McCormick JK, Haeryfar SMM. CD1d- and MR1-Restricted T Cells in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2015; 6:401. [PMID: 26322041 PMCID: PMC4533011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated immune responses to infection, such as those encountered in sepsis, can be catastrophic. Sepsis is typically triggered by an overwhelming systemic response to an infectious agent(s) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality even under optimal critical care. Recent studies have implicated unconventional, innate-like T lymphocytes, including CD1d- and MR1-restricted T cells as effectors and/or regulators of inflammatory responses during sepsis. These cell types are typified by invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, variant NKT (vNKT) cells, and mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. iNKT and vNKT cells are CD1d-restricted, lipid-reactive cells with remarkable immunoregulatory properties. MAIT cells participate in antimicrobial defense, and are restricted by major histocompatibility complex-related protein 1 (MR1), which displays microbe-derived vitamin B metabolites. Importantly, NKT and MAIT cells are rapid and potent producers of immunomodulatory cytokines. Therefore, they may be considered attractive targets during the early hyperinflammatory phase of sepsis when immediate interventions are urgently needed, and also in later phases when adjuvant immunotherapies could potentially reverse the dangerous state of immunosuppression. We will highlight recent findings that point to the significance or the therapeutic potentials of NKT and MAIT cells in sepsis and will also discuss what lies ahead in research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Szabo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University , London, ON , Canada
| | - Ram V Anantha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University , London, ON , Canada ; Division of General Surgery, Department of Medicine, Western University , London, ON , Canada
| | - Christopher R Shaler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University , London, ON , Canada
| | - John K McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University , London, ON , Canada ; Centre for Human Immunology, Western University , London, ON , Canada ; Lawson Health Research Institute , London, ON , Canada
| | - S M Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University , London, ON , Canada ; Centre for Human Immunology, Western University , London, ON , Canada ; Lawson Health Research Institute , London, ON , Canada ; Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Western University , London, ON , Canada
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43
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Abstract
The specialized cytokine secretion profiles of T helper (TH) cells are the basis for a focused and efficient immune response. On the twentieth anniversary of the first descriptions of the cytokine signals that promote the differentiation of interleukin-9 (IL-9)-secreting T cells, this Review focuses on the extracellular signals and the transcription factors that promote the development of what we now term TH9 cells, which are characterized by the production of this cytokine. We summarize our current understanding of the contribution of TH9 cells to both effective immunity and immunopathological disease, and we propose that TH9 cells could be targeted for the treatment of allergic and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Matthew M Hufford
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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44
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Nalleweg N, Chiriac MT, Podstawa E, Lehmann C, Rau TT, Atreya R, Krauss E, Hundorfean G, Fichtner-Feigl S, Hartmann A, Becker C, Mudter J. IL-9 and its receptor are predominantly involved in the pathogenesis of UC. Gut 2015; 64:743-55. [PMID: 24957265 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several pathogenic roles attributed over the past two decades to either T helper (Th)1 or Th2 cells are increasingly becoming associated with interleukin (IL)-17 and most recently IL-9 signalling. However, the implication of IL-9 in IBD has not been addressed so far. DESIGN We investigated the expression of IL-9 and IL-9R by using peripheral blood, biopsies and surgical samples. We addressed the functional role of IL-9 signalling by analysis of downstream effector proteins. Using Caco-2 cell monolayers we followed the effect of IL-9 on wound healing. RESULTS IL-9 mRNA expression was significantly increased in inflamed samples from patients with UC as compared with controls. CD3(+) T cells were major IL-9-expressing cells and some polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) also expressed IL-9. IL-9 was co-localised with the key Th9 transcription factors interferon regulatory factor 4 and PU.1. Systemically, IL-9 was abundantly produced by activated peripheral blood lymphocytes, whereas its receptor was overexpressed on gut resident and circulating PMN. IL-9 stimulation of the latter induced IL-8 production in a dose-dependent manner and rendered PMN resistant to apoptosis suggesting a functional role for IL-9R signalling in the propagation of gut inflammation. Furthermore, IL-9R was overexpressed on gut epithelial cells and IL-9 induced STAT5 activation in these cells. Moreover, IL-9 inhibited the growth of Caco-2 epithelial cell monolayers in wound healing experiments. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that IL-9 is predominantly involved in the pathogenesis of UC suggesting that targeting IL-9 might become a therapeutic option for patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Nalleweg
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mircea Teodor Chiriac
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Department of Biology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eva Podstawa
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tilman T Rau
- Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Krauss
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gheorghe Hundorfean
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonas Mudter
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany Department of Gastroenterology, Sana Clinic, Ostholstein, Germany
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45
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Abstract
Over the last two decades, it has been established that peptides are not the only antigens recognized by T lymphocytes. Here, we review information on two T lymphocyte populations that recognize nonpeptide antigens: invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells), which respond to glycolipids, and mucosal associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells), which recognize microbial metabolites. These two populations have a number of striking properties that distinguish them from the majority of T cells. First, their cognate antigens are presented by nonclassical class I antigen-presenting molecules; CD1d for iNKT cells and MR1 for MAIT cells. Second, these T lymphocyte populations have a highly restricted diversity of their T cell antigen receptor α chains. Third, these cells respond rapidly to antigen or cytokine stimulation by producing copious amounts of cytokines, such as IFNγ, which normally are only made by highly differentiated effector T lymphocytes. Because of their response characteristics, iNKT and MAIT cells act at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity, participating in both types of responses. In this review, we will compare these two subsets of innate-like T cells, with an emphasis on the various ways that lead to their activation and their participation in antimicrobial responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Chandra
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
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46
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Yang J, Li Q, Yang X, Li M. Interleukin-9 Is Associated with Elevated Anti-Double-Stranded DNA Antibodies in Lupus-Prone Mice. Mol Med 2015; 21:364-70. [PMID: 25902303 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-9, which is produced mainly by CD4(+) T cells, is implicated in mast cell-related allergic diseases, although its involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis remains unclear. Thus, we investigated the presence of IL-9 in lupus-prone MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice and examined the role of IL-9 in lupus pathogenesis. Increased levels of IL-9(+) lymphocytes were detected in the spleens and kidneys of MRL/lpr mice and increased IL-9 levels in the spleen correlated with PNA(+) germinal center (GC) cell expansion. The percentage of CD4(+)IL-9(+) (Th9) cells was increased in MRL/lpr mice and serum IL-9 levels were elevated and closely related to the production of antibodies against double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). IL-9 appears to promote B-cell proliferation and immunoglobulin production, which could be blocked by inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Treatment with neutralizing anti-IL-9 antibody in vivo decreased serum anti-dsDNA-antibody titers and alleviated lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice. Our findings indicate expansion of Th9 cells in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice and the correlation of IL-9 with B-cell proliferation and autoantibody production. These findings suggest that IL-9 is a potential therapeutic target for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Li L, Yang J, Jiang Y, Tu J, Schust DJ. Activation of decidual invariant natural killer T cells promotes lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm birth. Mol Hum Reprod 2015; 21:369-81. [PMID: 25589517 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are crucial for host defense against a variety of microbial pathogens, but the underlying mechanisms of iNKT cells activation by microbes are not fully explained. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of iNKT cell activation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated preterm birth using an adoptive transfer system and diverse neutralizing antibodies (Abs) and inhibitors. We found that adoptive transfer of decidual iNKT cells to LPS-stimulated iNKT cell deficient Jα18(-/-) mice that lack invariant Vα14Jα281T cell receptor (TCR) expression significantly decreased the time to delivery and increased the percentage of decidual iNKT cells. Neutralizing Abs against Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), CD1d, interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18, and inhibitors blocking the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) significantly reduced in vivo percentages of decidual iNKT cells, their intracellular interferon (IFN)-γ production and surface CD69 expression. In vitro, in the presence of the same Abs and inhibitors used as in vivo, decidual iNKT cells co-cultured with LPS-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) showed significantly decreased extracellular and intracellular IFN-γ secretion and surface CD69 expression. Our data demonstrate that the activation of decidual iNKT cells plays an important role in inflammation-induced preterm birth. Activation of decidual iNKT cells also requires TLR4-mediated NF-κB, MAPK p38 and ERK pathways, the proinflammatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-18, and endogenous glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Medical University Affiliated Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Medical University Affiliated Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Medical University Affiliated Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Jiaoqin Tu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Medical University Affiliated Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Danny J Schust
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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Kronenberg M, Lantz O. Mucosal-Resident T Lymphocytes with Invariant Antigen Receptors. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Islam N, Whitehouse M, Mehendale S, Hall M, Tierney J, O'Connell E, Blom A, Bannister G, Hinde J, Ceredig R, Bradley BA. Post-traumatic immunosuppression is reversed by anti-coagulated salvaged blood transfusion: deductions from studying immune status after knee arthroplasty. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 177:509-20. [PMID: 24749651 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Major trauma increases vulnerability to systemic infections due to poorly defined immunosuppressive mechanisms. It confers no evolutionary advantage. Our objective was to develop better biomarkers of post-traumatic immunosuppression (PTI) and to extend our observation that PTI was reversed by anti-coagulated salvaged blood transfusion, in the knowledge that others have shown that non-anti-coagulated (fibrinolysed) salvaged blood was immunosuppressive. A prospective non-randomized cohort study of patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty included 25 who received salvaged blood transfusions collected post-operatively into acid-citrate-dextrose anti-coagulant (ASBT cohort), and 18 non-transfused patients (NSBT cohort). Biomarkers of sterile trauma included haematological values, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), cytokines and chemokines. Salvaged blood was analysed within 1 and 6 h after commencing collection. Biomarkers were expressed as fold-changes over preoperative values. Certain biomarkers of sterile trauma were common to all 43 patients, including supranormal levels of: interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1-receptor-antagonist, IL-8, heat shock protein-70 and calgranulin-S100-A8/9. Other proinflammatory biomarkers which were subnormal in NSBT became supranormal in ASBT patients, including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-17A, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and annexin-A2. Furthermore, ASBT exhibited subnormal levels of anti-inflammatory biomarkers: IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13. Salvaged blood analyses revealed sustained high levels of IL-9, IL-10 and certain DAMPs, including calgranulin-S100-A8/9, alpha-defensin and heat shock proteins 27, 60 and 70. Active synthesis during salvaged blood collection yielded increasingly elevated levels of annexin-A2, IL-1β, Il-1-receptor-antagonist, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α. Elevated levels of high-mobility group-box protein-1 decreased. In conclusion, we demonstrated that anti-coagulated salvaged blood reversed PTI, and was attributed to immune stimulants generated during salvaged blood collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Islam
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, 1st Floor Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway; Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Institute of Technology Tralee, Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland
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Chami B, Yeung AWS, van Vreden C, King NJC, Bao S. The role of CXCR3 in DSS-induced colitis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101622. [PMID: 24992040 PMCID: PMC4081590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of disorders that are characterized by chronic, uncontrolled inflammation in the intestinal mucosa. Although the aetiopathogenesis is poorly understood, it is widely believed that IBD stems from a dysregulated immune response towards otherwise harmless commensal bacteria. Chemokines induce and enhance inflammation through their involvement in cellular trafficking. Reducing or limiting the influx of these proinflammatory cells has previously been demonstrated to attenuate inflammation. CXCR3, a chemokine receptor in the CXC family that binds to CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, is strongly overexpressed in the intestinal mucosa of IBD patients. We hypothesised that CXCR3 KO mice would have impaired cellular trafficking, thereby reducing the inflammatory insult by proinflammatory cell and attenuating the course of colitis. To investigate the role of CXCR3 in the progression of colitis, the development of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis was investigated in CXCR3−/− mice over 9 days. This study demonstrated attenuated DSS-induced colitis in CXCR3−/− mice at both the macroscopic and microscopic level. Reduced colitis correlated with lower recruitment of neutrophils (p = 0.0018), as well as decreased production of IL-6 (p<0.0001), TNF (p = 0.0038), and IFN-γ (p = 0.0478). Overall, our results suggest that CXCR3 plays an important role in recruiting proinflammatory cells to the colon during colitis and that CXCR3 may be a therapeutic target to reduce the influx of proinflammatory cells in the inflamed colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal Chami
- Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda W. S. Yeung
- Centre for Vascular Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Caryn van Vreden
- Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. C. King
- Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Emerging infectious diseases and Biosecurity (SEIB), Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shisan Bao
- Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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