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Lu H, Yan H, Li X, Xing Y, Ye Y, Jiang S, Ma L, Ping J, Zuo H, Hao Y, Yu C, Li Y, Zhou G, Lu Y. Single-cell map of dynamic cellular microenvironment of radiation-induced intestinal injury. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1248. [PMID: 38071238 PMCID: PMC10710489 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05645-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestine is a highly radiation-sensitive organ that could be injured during the radiotherapy for pelvic, abdominal, and retroperitoneal tumors. However, the dynamic change of the intestinal microenvironment related to radiation-induced intestine injury (RIII) is still unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we pictured a dynamic landscape of the intestinal microenvironment during RIII and regeneration. We showed that the various cell types of intestine exhibited heterogeneous radiosensitivities. We revealed the distinct dynamic patterns of three subtypes of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), and the cellular trajectory analysis suggested a complex interconversion pattern among them. For the immune cells, we found that Ly6c+ monocytes can give rise to both pro-inflammatory macrophages and resident macrophages after RIII. Through cellular communication analysis, we identified a positive feedback loop between the macrophages and endothelial cells, which could amplify the inflammatory response induced by radiation. Besides, we identified different T cell subtypes and revealed their role in immunomodulation during the early stage of RIII through inflammation and defense response relevant signaling pathways. Overall, our study provides a valuable single-cell map of the multicellular dynamics during RIII and regeneration, which may facilitate the understanding of the mechanism of RIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yuan Xing
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yumeng Ye
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Siao Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 071002, China
| | - Luyu Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jie Ping
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hongyan Zuo
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yanhui Hao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
- Academy of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230032, China.
| | - Gangqiao Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 211166, China.
| | - Yiming Lu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 071002, China.
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Chen G, Yu Z, Zhang Y, Liu S, Chen C, Zhang S. Radiation-induced gastric injury during radiotherapy: molecular mechanisms and clinical treatment. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:870-879. [PMID: 37788485 PMCID: PMC10665304 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) has been the standard of care for treating a multitude of cancer types. Radiation-induced gastric injury (RIGI) is a common complication of RT for thoracic and abdominal tumors. It manifests acutely as radiation gastritis or gastric ulcers, and chronically as chronic atrophic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia. In recent years, studies have shown that intracellular signals such as oxidative stress response, p38/MAPK pathway and transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway are involved in the progression of RIGI. This review also summarized the risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of this disease. However, the root of therapeutic challenges lies in the incomplete understanding of the mechanisms. Here, we also highlight the potential mechanistic, diagnostic and therapeutic directions of RIGI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221200, China
| | - Zuxiang Yu
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuehua Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221200, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221200, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital , Chengdu 610051, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang 621099, China
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Wang H, Wang K, Liu B, Bian X, Tan X, Jiang H. The efficacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on rat intestinal immune-function injured by ischemia/reperfusion. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15585. [PMID: 37131448 PMCID: PMC10149202 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has a promising therapeutic efficiency for varieties of disorders caused by ischemia or reperfusion impairment. It has been shown that BMSCs can mitigate intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed at investigating the efficacy of BMSCs on the immune function of intestinal mucosal microenvironment after I/R injuries. Methods Twenty adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a treatment or a control group. All the rats underwent superior mesenteric artery clamping and unclamping. In the treatment group, BMSCs were implanted into the intestine of ten rats by direct submucosal injection whereas the other ten rats in the control group were injected with the same volume of saline. On the fourth and seventh day after BMSCs transplantation, intestinal samples were examined for the CD4 (CD4-positive T-lymphocytes)/CD8 (CD8-positive T-lymphocytes) ratio of the bowel mucosa via flow cytometry, and for the level of Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) via ELISA. Paneth cell counts and Secretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) level were examined via immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Real time PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and trypsinogen (Serine 2) (PRSS2) genes. White blood cell (WBC) count was measured by manual counting under the microscope. Results The CD4/CD8 ratio in the treatment group was significantly lower compared with that in the control group. The concentration of IL-2 and IL-6 was lower in the treatment group compared with the control group, while the level of IL-4 is the reverse between the two groups. The number of Paneth cells in intestinal mucosa increased significantly, while the level of SIgA in intestinal mucosa decreased significantly, after BMSCs transplantation. The gene expression levels of TNF-α and PRSS2 in intestinal mucosa of treatment group were significantly lower than those of control group. The WBC count in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Conclusion We identified immune-relevant molecular changes that may explain the mechanism of BMSCs transplantation efficacy in alleviating rat intestinal immune-barrier after I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Bian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China
| | - Xiaojie Tan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China
- Corresponding author. No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China.
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Platelet-Derived Mitochondria Attenuate 5-FU-Induced Injury to Bone-Associated Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:7482546. [PMID: 36756493 PMCID: PMC9902133 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7482546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myelosuppression is a common condition during chemotherapy. Bone-associated mesenchymal stem cells (BA-MSCs) play an essential role in the composition of the hematopoietic microenvironment and support hematopoietic activity. However, chemotherapy-induced damage to BA-MSCs is rarely studied. Recent studies have shown that platelets promote the wound-healing capability of MSCs by mitochondrial transfer. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the chemotherapy-induced damage to BA-MSCs and the therapeutic effect of platelet-derived mitochondria. Material/Methods. We established in vivo and in vitro BA-MSC chemotherapy injury models using the chemotherapy agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Changes in the mitochondrial dynamics were detected by transmission electron microscopy, and the expression of mitochondrial fusion and fission genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR. In addition, mitochondrial functions were also explored by flow cytometry and luminometer. Platelet-derived mitochondria were incubated with 5-FU-damaged BA-MSCs to repair the injury, and BA-MSC functional changes were examined to assess the therapy efficacy. The mechanism of treatment was explored by studying the expression of mitochondrial fission and fusion genes and hematopoietic regulatory factor genes in BA-MSCs. Results Stimulation with 5-FU increased the apoptosis and suppressed cell cycle progression of BA-MSCs both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, 5-FU chemotherapy inhibited the hematopoietic regulatory ability and disrupted the mitochondrial dynamics and functions of BA-MSCs. The mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content of 5-FU-injured BA-MSCs were decreased. Interestingly, when platelet-derived mitochondria were transferred to BA-MSCs, the 5-FU-induced apoptosis was alleviated, and the hematopoietic regulatory ability of 5-FU-injured BA-MSCs was effectively improved by upregulating the expression of mitochondrial fusion genes and hematopoietic regulatory factor genes. Conclusion BA-MSCs were severely damaged by 5-FU chemotherapy both in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, platelet-derived mitochondria could attenuate the 5-FU-induced injury to BA-MSCs, which provides future research directions for exploring the treatment strategies for chemotherapy-injured BA-MSCs and establishes a research basis for related fields.
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Liu T, Zhu W, Zhang X, He C, Liu X, Xin Q, Chen K, Wang H. Recent Advances in Cell and Functional Biomaterial Treatment for Spinal Cord Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5079153. [PMID: 35978649 PMCID: PMC9377911 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5079153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating central nervous system disease caused by accidental events, resulting in loss of sensory and motor function. Considering the multiple effects of primary and secondary injuries after spinal cord injury, including oxidative stress, tissue apoptosis, inflammatory response, and neuronal autophagy, it is crucial to understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, local microenvironment changes, and neural tissue functional recovery for preparing novel treatment strategies. Treatment based on cell transplantation has become the forefront of spinal cord injury therapy. The transplanted cells provide physical and nutritional support for the damaged tissue. At the same time, the implantation of biomaterials with specific biological functions at the site of the SCI has also been proved to improve the local inhibitory microenvironment and promote axonal regeneration, etc. The combined transplantation of cells and functional biomaterials for SCI treatment can result in greater neuroprotective and regenerative effects by regulating cell differentiation, enhancing cell survival, and providing physical and directional support for axon regeneration and neural circuit remodeling. This article reviews the pathophysiology of the spinal cord, changes in the microenvironment after injury, and the mechanisms and strategies for spinal cord regeneration and repair. The article will focus on summarizing and discussing the latest intervention models based on cell and functional biomaterial transplantation and the latest progress in combinational therapies in SCI repair. Finally, we propose the future prospects and challenges of current treatment regimens for SCI repair, to provide references for scientists and clinicians to seek better SCI repair strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenhao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qiang Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Liu H, Deng S, Han L, Ren Y, Gu J, He L, Liu T, Yuan ZX. Mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes and exosome-mimics as smart drug carriers for targeted cancer therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 209:112163. [PMID: 34736220 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into several cell types under appropriate conditions. They also possess remarkable antitumor features that make them a novel choice to treat cancers. Accumulating evidence suggest that the MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles, known as exosomes, play an essential role in the therapeutic effects of MSCs mainly by carrying biologically active factors. However, limitations such as low yield of exosomes and difficulty in isolation and purification hinder their clinical applications. To overcome these issues, research on development of exosome-mimics has attracted great attention. This systematic review represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first thorough evaluations of the innate antineoplastic features of MSCs-derived exosomes or exosome-mimics, the methods of drug loading, application as drug delivery system and their impacts on targeted cancer therapy. Importantly, we dissect the commonalities and differences as well as address the shortcomings of work accumulated over the last two decades and discuss how this information can serve as a guide map for optimal experimental design implementation ultimately aiding the effective transition into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shichen Deng
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lili He
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Moussa L, Lapière A, Squiban C, Demarquay C, Milliat F, Mathieu N. BMP Antagonists Secreted by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Improve Colonic Organoid Formation: Application for the Treatment of Radiation-induced Injury. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720929683. [PMID: 33108903 PMCID: PMC7784604 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720929683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is crucial in the therapeutic arsenal to cure cancers; however, non-neoplastic tissues around an abdominopelvic tumor can be damaged by ionizing radiation. In particular, the radio-induced death of highly proliferative stem/progenitor cells of the colonic mucosa could induce severe ulcers. The importance of sequelae for patients with gastrointestinal complications after radiotherapy and the absence of satisfactory management has opened the field to the testing of innovative treatments. The aim of this study was to use adult epithelial cells from the colon, to reduce colonic injuries in an animal model reproducing radiation damage observed in patients. We demonstrated that transplanted in vitro-amplified epithelial cells from colonic organoids (ECO) of C57/Bl6 mice expressing green fluorescent protein implant, proliferate, and differentiate in irradiated mucosa and reduce ulcer size. To improve the therapeutic benefit of ECO-based treatment with clinical translatability, we performed co-injection of ECO with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), cells involved in niche function and widely used in clinical trials. We observed in vivo an improvement of the therapeutic benefit and in vitro analysis highlighted that co-culture of MSCs with ECO increases the number, proliferation, and size of colonic organoids. We also demonstrated, using gene expression analysis and siRNA inhibition, the involvement of bone morphogenetic protein antagonists in MSC-induced organoid formation. This study provides evidence of the potential of ECO to limit late radiation effects on the colon and opens perspectives on combined strategies to improve their amplification abilities and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Moussa
- Human Health Department, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alexia Lapière
- Human Health Department, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Claire Squiban
- Human Health Department, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christelle Demarquay
- Human Health Department, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fabien Milliat
- Human Health Department, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Noëlle Mathieu
- Human Health Department, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Saha S, Chakrabarti S, Singh PK, Poddar J, Satapathi S, Saini S, Kakar SS, Roy P. Physiological Relevance of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 As a Metabolic Linker and Therapeutic Implication of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in COVID-19 and Hypertension. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:132-143. [PMID: 32748331 PMCID: PMC7397455 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single stranded RNA virus and responsible for infecting human being. In many cases the individual may remain asymptomatic. Some recently reported studies revealed that individuals of elderly age group and with pre-existing medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus had severe consequences, even may lead to death. However, it is not clearly delineated whether hypertension itself or associated comorbidities or antihypertensive therapy contributes to the grave prognosis of COVID-19 infections. This review is aimed to decipher the exact mechanisms involved at molecular level from existing evidence and as reported. It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 enters into the host cell through interaction between conserved residues of viral spike protein and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor which is highly expressed in host's cardiac and pulmonary cells and finally transmembrane protease, serine-2 (TMPRSS2), helps in priming of the surface protein. Subsequently, symptom related to multi organ involvement is primarily contributed by cytokine storm. Although various clinical trials are being conducted on renin- angiotensin- system inhibitor, till to date there is no standard treatment protocol approved for critically ill COVID-19 positive cases with pre-existing hypertension. Recently, several studies are carried out to document the safety and efficacy outcome of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation based on its immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Therefore, identification of future novel therapeutics in the form of mesenchymal stem cell either alone or in combination with pharmacological approach could be recommended for combating SARS-CoV-2 which might be dreadful to debilitating elderly people. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarama Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Sasanka Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry and Central Research Cell, Maharishi Markandeshwar (deemed to be) University, Mullana, Haryana, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Jit Poddar
- Department of Biochemistry and Central Research Cell, Maharishi Markandeshwar (deemed to be) University, Mullana, Haryana, India
| | - Soumitra Satapathi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247 667, India
| | - Surendra Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247 667, India
| | - Sham S Kakar
- Department of Physiology and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247 667, India.
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Usunier B, Brossard C, L’Homme B, Linard C, Benderitter M, Milliat F, Chapel A. HGF and TSG-6 Released by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Colon Radiation-Induced Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041790. [PMID: 33670243 PMCID: PMC7916908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a leading cause of death in occidental states. The increasing number of patients with fibrosis requires innovative approaches. Despite the proven beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy on fibrosis, there is little evidence of their anti-fibrotic effects in colorectal fibrosis. The ability of MSCs to reduce radiation-induced colorectal fibrosis has been studied in vivo in Sprague–Dawley rats. After local radiation exposure, rats were injected with MSCs before an initiation of fibrosis. MSCs mediated a downregulation of fibrogenesis by a control of extra cellular matrix (ECM) turnover. For a better understanding of the mechanisms, we used an in vitro model of irradiated cocultured colorectal fibrosis in the presence of human MSCs. Pro-fibrotic cells in the colon are mainly intestinal fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Intestinal fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells were irradiated and cocultured in the presence of unirradiated MSCs. MSCs mediated a decrease in profibrotic gene expression and proteins secretion. Silencing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) in MSCs confirmed the complementary effects of these two genes. HGF and TSG-6 limited the progression of fibrosis by reducing activation of the smooth muscle cells and myofibroblast. To settle in vivo the contribution of HGF and TSG-6 in MSC-antifibrotic effects, rats were treated with MSCs silenced for HGF or TSG-6. HGF and TSG-6 silencing in transplanted MSCs resulted in a significant increase in ECM deposition in colon. These results emphasize the potential of MSCs to influence the pathophysiology of fibrosis-related diseases, which represent a challenging area for innovative treatments.
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10
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Helissey C, Cavallero S, Brossard C, Dusaud M, Chargari C, François S. Chronic Inflammation and Radiation-Induced Cystitis: Molecular Background and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2020; 10:E21. [PMID: 33374374 PMCID: PMC7823735 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation cystitis is a potential complication following the therapeutic irradiation of pelvic cancers. Its clinical management remains unclear, and few preclinical data are available on its underlying pathophysiology. The therapeutic strategy is difficult to establish because few prospective and randomized trials are available. In this review, we report on the clinical presentation and pathophysiology of radiation cystitis. Then we discuss potential therapeutic approaches, with a focus on the immunopathological processes underlying the onset of radiation cystitis, including the fibrotic process. Potential therapeutic avenues for therapeutic modulation will be highlighted, with a focus on the interaction between mesenchymal stromal cells and macrophages for the prevention and treatment of radiation cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Helissey
- Department of Radiation Biological Effects, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; (C.H.); (S.C.); (C.C.)
- Clinical Unit Research, HIA Bégin, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France
| | - Sophie Cavallero
- Department of Radiation Biological Effects, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; (C.H.); (S.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Clément Brossard
- Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory (LRMed), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France;
| | - Marie Dusaud
- Department of Urology, HIA Bégin, 94160 Saint-Mand, France;
| | - Cyrus Chargari
- Department of Radiation Biological Effects, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; (C.H.); (S.C.); (C.C.)
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, 94805 Villejuif, France
- French Military Health Academy, Ecole du Val-de-Grâce (EVDG), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sabine François
- Department of Radiation Biological Effects, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; (C.H.); (S.C.); (C.C.)
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11
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Cortisol Metabolism in Carp Macrophages: A Role for Macrophage-Derived Cortisol in M1/M2 Polarization. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238954. [PMID: 33255713 PMCID: PMC7728068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial not only for initiation of inflammation and pathogen eradication (classically polarized M1 macrophages), but also for inflammation inhibition and tissue regeneration (alternatively polarized M2 macrophages). Their polarization toward the M1 population occurs under the influence of interferon-γ + lipopolysaccharide (IFN-γ + LPS), while alternatively polarized M2 macrophages evolve upon, e.g., interlukin 4 (IL-4) or cortisol stimulation. This in vitro study focused on a possible role for macrophage-derived cortisol in M1/M2 polarization in common carp. We studied the expression of molecules involved in cortisol synthesis/conversion from and to cortisone like 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and 3. (11β-HSD2 and 3) and 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11b), as well as the expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in M1 and M2 macrophages. Lastly, we analyzed how inhibition of these molecules affect macrophage polarization. In M1 cells, upregulation of gene expression of GRs and 11β-HSD3 was found, while, in M2 macrophages, expression of 11β-hsd2 was upregulated. Moreover, blocking of cortisol synthesis/conversion and GRs or PPARγ induced changes in expression of anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10). Consequently, our data show that carp monocytes/macrophages can convert cortisol. The results strongly suggest that cortisol, via intracrine interaction with GRs, is important for IL-10-dependent control of the activity of macrophages and for the regulation of M1/M2 polarization to finally determine the outcome of an infection.
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Epigenetic Regulation in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aging and Differentiation and Osteoporosis. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8836258. [PMID: 32963550 PMCID: PMC7501554 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8836258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a reliable source for cell-based regenerative medicine owing to their multipotency and biological functions. However, aging-induced systemic homeostasis disorders in vivo and cell culture passaging in vitro induce a functional decline of MSCs, switching MSCs to a senescent status with impaired self-renewal capacity and biased differentiation tendency. MSC functional decline accounts for the pathogenesis of many diseases and, more importantly, limits the large-scale applications of MSCs in regenerative medicine. Growing evidence implies that epigenetic mechanisms are a critical regulator of the differentiation programs for cell fate and are subject to changes during aging. Thus, we here review epigenetic dysregulations that contribute to MSC aging and osteoporosis. Comprehending detailed epigenetic mechanisms could provide us with a novel horizon for dissecting MSC-related pathogenesis and further optimizing MSC-mediated regenerative therapies.
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13
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Adipose tissue grafting for management of persistent anastomotic leak after low anterior resection. Tech Coloproctol 2019; 23:981-985. [PMID: 31617034 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-019-02095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An anastomotic leak is the most dreaded complication after low anterior resection. Adipose tissue grafting may induce healing in a persistent anastomotic defect. The aim of the present study was to report retrospectively reviewed outcomes for a series of patients who were managed with heterotopic grafted adipose tissue to facilitate anastomotic healing. METHODS Patients with anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection sequentially treated with grafting of adipose tissue were included in the study. All patients had pelvic radiation during treatment and had a diverting ileostomy in situ. The cohort had a persistent defect despite being treated with available modalities such as suture repair, fibrin glue, Endo-Sponge and surgical debridement. The outcomes were reviewed and reported. RESULTS There were 11 patients (8 males and 3 females) with a median age of 54 years (range 33-72 years). Five patients experienced complete healing of the anastomotic defect with successful reversal of the diverting ileostomy. The anastomotic defect of one other patient in the series appeared to have healed and hence his diverting ileostomy was reversed. However, he presented with a recurrent leak, which ultimately necessitated an abdominoperineal resection. Another patient had a persistent defect after an attempt at adipose tissue grafting and opted to proceed with a takedown of the anastomosis. In the remaining four patients, the outcome after adipose tissue grafting remains unknown, as two patients succumbed to metastatic disease, one was lost to follow-up and the remaining patient developed a recurrence which required pelvic exenteration. Procedural associated morbidity occurred in one patient who developed fat embolism, which was treated expectantly. CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue grafting is safe and feasible, though its effectiveness remains uncertain. It may be useful selectively in the management of persistent anastomotic leak after radiation and low anterior resection.
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14
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Moussa L, Demarquay C, Réthoré G, Benadjaoud MA, Siñeriz F, Pattapa G, Guicheux J, Weiss P, Barritault D, Mathieu N. Heparan Sulfate Mimetics: A New Way to Optimize Therapeutic Effects of Hydrogel-Embedded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Colonic Radiation-Induced Damage. Sci Rep 2019; 9:164. [PMID: 30655576 PMCID: PMC6336771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical expression of gastrointestinal radiation toxicity on non-cancerous tissue could be very life threatening and clinicians must deal increasingly with the management of late side effects of radiotherapy. Cell therapy, in particular mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy, has shown promising results in numerous preclinical animal studies and thus has emerged as a new hope for patient refractory to current treatments. However, many stem cell clinical trials do not confer any beneficial effect suggesting a real need to accelerate research towards the successful clinical application of stem cell therapy. In this study, we propose a new concept to improve the procedure of MSC-based treatment for greater efficacy and clinical translatability. We demonstrated that heparan sulfate mimetic (HS-m) injections that restore the extracellular matrix network and enhance the biological activity of growth factors, associated with local injection of MSC protected in a hydrogel, that increase cell engraftment and cell survival, improve the therapeutic benefit of MSC treatment in two animal models relevant of the human pathology. For the first time, a decrease of the injury score in the ulcerated area was observed with this combined treatment. We also demonstrated that the combined treatment favored the epithelial regenerative process. In this study, we identified a new way, clinically applicable, to optimize stem-cell therapy and could be proposed to patients suffering from severe colonic defect after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Moussa
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Regenerative Medicine and Squeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France
| | - Christelle Demarquay
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gildas Réthoré
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Regenerative Medicine and Squeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4 (OTONN), 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fernando Siñeriz
- Société OTR3 (Organes, Tissus, Régénération, Réparation, Remplacement), 4 Rue Française, 75001, Paris, France
| | - Girish Pattapa
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Regenerative Medicine and Squeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Regenerative Medicine and Squeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4 (OTONN), 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Weiss
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Regenerative Medicine and Squeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4 (OTONN), 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France
| | - Denis Barritault
- Société OTR3 (Organes, Tissus, Régénération, Réparation, Remplacement), 4 Rue Française, 75001, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Est Créteil, Laboratoire de recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, Réparation, et Régénération Tissulaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 61 Ave du Gal de Gaulle, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Noëlle Mathieu
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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15
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Van de Putte D, Demarquay C, Van Daele E, Moussa L, Vanhove C, Benderitter M, Ceelen W, Pattyn P, Mathieu N. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Improve the Healing of Colonic Anastomoses Following High Dose of Irradiation Through Anti-Inflammatory and Angiogenic Processes. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1919-1930. [PMID: 29390877 PMCID: PMC5802630 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717721515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) could develop severe late side effects that affect their quality of life. Long-term bowel complications after RT are mainly characterized by a transmural fibrosis that could lead to intestinal obstruction. Today, surgical resection is the only effective treatment. However, preoperative RT increases the risk of anastomotic leakage. In this study, we attempted to use mesenchymal stromal cells from adipose tissue (Ad-MSCs) to improve colonic anastomosis after high-dose irradiation. MSCs were isolated from the subcutaneous fat of rats, amplified in vitro, and characterized by flow cytometry. An animal model of late radiation side effects was induced by local irradiation of the colon. Colonic anastomosis was performed 4 wk after irradiation. It was analyzed another 4 wk later (i.e., 8 wk after irradiation). The Ad-MSC-treated group received injections several times before and after the surgical procedure. The therapeutic benefit of the Ad-MSC treatment was determined by colonoscopy and histology. The inflammatory process was investigated using Fluorine-182-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-d-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) imaging and macrophage infiltrate analyses. Vascular density was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Results show that Ad-MSC treatment reduces ulcer size, increases mucosal vascular density, and limits hemorrhage. We also determined that 1 Ad-MSC injection limits the inflammatory process, as evaluated through 18F-FDG-PET-CT (at 4 wk), with a greater proportion of type 2 macrophages after iterative cell injections (8 wk). In conclusion, Ad-MSC injections promote anastomotic healing in an irradiated colon through enhanced vessel formation and reduced inflammation. This study also determined parameters that could be improved in further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Van de Putte
- 1 Department of Pediatric and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christelle Demarquay
- 2 Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Elke Van Daele
- 1 Department of Pediatric and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lara Moussa
- 2 Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Marc Benderitter
- 2 Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Wim Ceelen
- 1 Department of Pediatric and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,4 Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piet Pattyn
- 1 Department of Pediatric and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Noëlle Mathieu
- 2 Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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16
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François S, Usunier B, Forgue-Lafitte ME, L'Homme B, Benderitter M, Douay L, Gorin NC, Larsen AK, Chapel A. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Administration Attenuates Colon Cancer Progression by Modulating the Immune Component within the Colorectal Tumor Microenvironment. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 8:285-300. [PMID: 3045139 PMCID: PMC6392393 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We here determine the influence of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy on the progression of solid tumors. The influence of MSCs was investigated in human colorectal cancer cells as well as in an immunocompetent rat model of colorectal carcinogenesis representative of the human pathology. Treatment with bone marrow (BM)‐derived MSCs significantly reduced both cancer initiation and cancer progression by increasing the number of tumor‐free animals as well as decreasing the number and the size of the tumors by half, thereby extending their lifespan. The attenuation of cancer progression was mediated by the capacity of the MSCs to modulate the immune component. Specifically, in the adenocarcinomas (ADKs) of MSC‐treated rats, the infiltration of CD68+ monocytes/macrophages was 50% less while the presence of CD3+ lymphocytes increased almost twofold. The MSCs reprogrammed the macrophages to become regulatory cells involved in phagocytosis thereby inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the MSCs decreased NK (Natural Killer) and rTh17 cell activities, Treg recruitment, the presence of CD8+ lymphocytes and endothelial cells while restoring Th17 cell activity. The expression of miR‐150 and miR‐7 increased up to fivefold indicating a likely role for these miRNAs in the modulation of tumor growth. Importantly, MSC administration limited the damage of healthy tissues and attenuated tumor growth following radiotherapy. Taken together, we here show that that MSCs have durable action on colon cancer development by modulating the immune component of the tumor microenvironment. In addition, we identify two miRNAs associated with the capacity of MSCs to attenuate cancer growth. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:285&300
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine François
- Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory (LRMed), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Usunier
- Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory (LRMed), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Forgue-Lafitte
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Bruno L'Homme
- Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory (LRMed), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory (LRMed), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Luc Douay
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, F-75012 Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine/Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Norbert-Claude Gorin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, F-75012 Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine/Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Annette K Larsen
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Alain Chapel
- Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory (LRMed), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, F-75012 Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
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17
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Huo J, Sun S, Geng Z, Sheng W, Chen R, Ma K, Sun X, Fu X. Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promoted Cutaneous Wound Healing by Regulating Keratinocyte Migration via β2-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2513-2527. [PMID: 29757659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Huo
- Tianjin Medical University, No. 22, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
- Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Affiliated Hospital to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Sujing Sun
- Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Affiliated Hospital to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Affiliated Hospital to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Wound Care Center, Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Runkai Chen
- Tianjin Medical University, No. 22, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
- Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Affiliated Hospital to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Kui Ma
- Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Affiliated Hospital to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Affiliated Hospital to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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18
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Zappa M, Doblas S, Cazals-Hatem D, Milliat F, Lavigne J, Daniel F, Jallane A, Garteiser P, Vilgrain V, Ogier-Denis E, Van Beers BE. Quantitative MRI in murine radiation-induced rectocolitis: comparison with histopathological inflammation score. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3897. [PMID: 29405471 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Murine radiation-induced rectocolitis is considered to be a relevant animal model of gastrointestinal inflammation. The purpose of our study was to compare quantitative MRI and histopathological features in this gastrointestinal inflammation model. Radiation rectocolitis was induced by localized single-dose radiation (27 Gy) in Sprague-Dawley rats. T2 -weighted, T1 -weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI was performed at 7 T in 16 rats between 2 and 4 weeks after irradiation and in 10 control rats. Rats were sacrificed and the histopathological inflammation score of the colorectal samples was assessed. The irradiated rats showed significant increase in colorectal wall thickness (2.1 ± 0.3 mm versus 0.8 ± 0.3 mm in control rats, P < 0.0001), normalized T2 signal intensity (4 ± 0.8 versus 2 ± 0.4 AU, P < 0.0001), normalized T1 signal intensity (1.4 ± 0.1 versus 1.1 ± 0.2 AU, P = 0.0009) and apparent and pure diffusion coefficients (ADC and D) (2.06 × 10-3 ± 0.34 versus 1.51 × 10-3 ± 0.23 mm2 /s, P = 0.0004, and 1.97 × 10-3 ± 0.43 mm2 /s versus 1.48 × 10-3 ± 0.29 mm2 /s, P = 0.008, respectively). Colorectal wall thickness (r = 0.84, P < 0.0001), normalized T2 signal intensity (r = 0.85, P < 0.0001) and ADC (r = 0.80, P < 0.0001) were strongly correlated with the histopathological inflammation score, whereas normalized T1 signal intensity and D were moderately correlated (r = 0.64, P = 0.0006, and r = 0.65, P = 0.0003, respectively). High-field MRI features of single-dose radiation-induced rectocolitis in rats differ significantly from those of control rats. Quantitative MRI characteristics, especially wall thickness, normalized T2 signal intensity, ADC and D, are potential markers of the histopathological inflammation score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magaly Zappa
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Beaujon, Radiology, Université Paris VII, Clichy, France
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers, Center of Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149, INSERM, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Doblas
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers, Center of Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149, INSERM, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Cazals-Hatem
- Hopital Beaujon, Pathology, Université Paris VII, Clichy, France
- Laboratory of Intestinal Inflammation, Center of Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149, INSERM, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Milliat
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Laboratory in Radiobiology and Radiopathology, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jérémy Lavigne
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Laboratory in Radiobiology and Radiopathology, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fanny Daniel
- Laboratory of Intestinal Inflammation, Center of Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149, INSERM, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Abelhak Jallane
- Laboratory of Intestinal Inflammation, Center of Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149, INSERM, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Garteiser
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers, Center of Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149, INSERM, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Vilgrain
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Beaujon, Radiology, Université Paris VII, Clichy, France
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers, Center of Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149, INSERM, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Eric Ogier-Denis
- Laboratory of Intestinal Inflammation, Center of Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149, INSERM, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Bernard E Van Beers
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Beaujon, Radiology, Université Paris VII, Clichy, France
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers, Center of Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149, INSERM, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
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19
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Moussa L, Usunier B, Demarquay C, Benderitter M, Tamarat R, Sémont A, Mathieu N. Bowel Radiation Injury: Complexity of the Pathophysiology and Promises of Cell and Tissue Engineering. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:1723-1746. [PMID: 27197023 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is effective to treat malignant pelvic cancers, but the toxicity to surrounding healthy tissue remains a substantial limitation. Early and late side effects not only limit the escalation of the radiation dose to the tumor but may also be life-threatening in some patients. Numerous preclinical studies determined specific mechanisms induced after irradiation in different compartments of the intestine. This review outlines the complexity of the pathogenesis, highlighting the roles of the epithelial barrier in the vascular network, and the inflammatory microenvironment, which together lead to chronic fibrosis. Despite the large number of pharmacological molecules available, the studies presented in this review provide encouraging proof of concept regarding the use of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy to treat radiation-induced intestinal damage. The therapeutic efficacy of MSCs has been demonstrated in animal models and in patients, but an enormous number of cells and multiple injections are needed due to their poor engraftment capacity. Moreover, it has been observed that although MSCs have pleiotropic effects, some intestinal compartments are less restored after a high dose of irradiation. Future research should seek to optimize the efficacy of the injected cells, particularly with regard to extending their life span in the irradiated tissue. Moreover, improving the host microenvironment, combining MSCs with other specific regenerative cells, or introducing new tissue engineering strategies could be tested as methods to treat the severe side effects of pelvic radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Moussa
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Benoît Usunier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christelle Demarquay
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Radia Tamarat
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alexandra Sémont
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Noëlle Mathieu
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Ahuja CS, Nori S, Tetreault L, Wilson J, Kwon B, Harrop J, Choi D, Fehlings MG. Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury-Repair and Regeneration. Neurosurgery 2017; 80:S9-S22. [PMID: 28350947 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyw080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCI) have devastating consequences for the physical, financial, and psychosocial well-being of patients and their caregivers. Expediently delivering interventions during the early postinjury period can have a tremendous impact on long-term functional recovery. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY This is largely due to the unique pathophysiology of SCI where the initial traumatic insult (primary injury) is followed by a progressive secondary injury cascade characterized by ischemia, proapoptotic signaling, and peripheral inflammatory cell infiltration. Over the subsequent hours, release of proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic debris (DNA, ATP, reactive oxygen species) cyclically adds to the harsh postinjury microenvironment. As the lesions mature into the chronic phase, regeneration is severely impeded by the development of an astroglial-fibrous scar surrounding coalesced cystic cavities. Addressing these challenges forms the basis of current and upcoming treatments for SCI. MANAGEMENT This paper discusses the evidence-based management of a patient with SCI while emphasizing the importance of early definitive care. Key neuroprotective therapies are summarized including surgical decompression, methylprednisolone, and blood pressure augmentation. We then review exciting neuroprotective interventions on the cusp of translation such as Riluzole, Minocycline, magnesium, therapeutic hypothermia, and CSF drainage. We also explore the most promising neuroregenerative strategies in trial today including Cethrin™, anti-NOGO antibody, cell-based approaches, and bioengineered biomaterials. Each section provides a working knowledge of the key preclinical and patient trials relevant to clinicians while highlighting the pathophysiologic rationale for the therapies. CONCLUSION We conclude with our perspectives on the future of treatment and research in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Ahuja
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Genetics and Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Satoshi Nori
- Department of Genetics and Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Jefferson Wilson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Kwon
- Vancouver Spine Institute, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - James Harrop
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Choi
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, London, England
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Genetics and Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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21
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Abumaree MH, Abomaray FM, Alshabibi MA, AlAskar AS, Kalionis B. Immunomodulatory properties of human placental mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Placenta 2017; 59:87-95. [PMID: 28411943 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are isolated from various fetal and adult tissues such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, cord blood and placenta. Placental MSCs (pMSCs), the main focus of this review, are relatively new MSC types that are not as intensively studied compared with bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs). MSCs modulate the immune functions of important immune cells involved in alloantigen recognition and elimination, including antigen presenting cells (APCs), T cells, B cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Clinical trials, both completed and underway, employ MSCs to treat various human immunological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes. However, the mechanisms that mediate the immunosuppressive effects of pMSCs are still largely unknown, and the safety of pMSC use in clinical settings needs further confirmation. Here, we review the current knowledge of the immunosuppressive properties of placental MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Abumaree
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Minstry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Mail Code 1515, Saudi Arabia; College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Minstry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Mail Code 3124, Saudi Arabia.
| | - F M Abomaray
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M A Alshabibi
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology, Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - A S AlAskar
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Minstry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Mail Code 1515, Saudi Arabia
| | - B Kalionis
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre, University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
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22
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Moussa L, Pattappa G, Doix B, Benselama SL, Demarquay C, Benderitter M, Sémont A, Tamarat R, Guicheux J, Weiss P, Réthoré G, Mathieu N. A biomaterial-assisted mesenchymal stromal cell therapy alleviates colonic radiation-induced damage. Biomaterials 2016; 115:40-52. [PMID: 27886554 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Healthy tissues surrounding abdomino-pelvic tumours can be impaired by radiotherapy, leading to chronic gastrointestinal complications with substantial mortality. Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (Ad-MSCs) represent a promising strategy to reduce intestinal lesions. However, systemic administration of Ad-MSCs results in low cell engraftment within the injured tissue. Biomaterials, able to encapsulate and withstand Ad-MSCs, can overcome these limitations. A silanized hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Si-HPMC) hydrogel has been designed and characterized for injectable cell delivery using the operative catheter of a colonoscope. We demonstrated that hydrogel loaded-Ad-MSCs were viable, able to secrete trophic factors and responsive to the inflammatory environment. In a rat model of radiation-induced severe colonic damage, Ad-MSC + Si-HPMC improve colonic epithelial structure and hyperpermeability compared with Ad-MSCs injected intravenously or locally. This therapeutic benefit is associated with greater engraftment of Si-HPMC-embedded Ad-MSCs in the irradiated colonic mucosa. Moreover, macrophage infiltration near the injection site was less pronounced when Ad-MSCs were embedded in the hydrogel. Si-HPMC induces modulation of chemoattractant secretion by Ad-MSCs that could contribute to the decrease in macrophage infiltrate. Si-HPMC is suitable for cell delivery by colonoscopy and induces protection of Ad-MSCs in the tissue potentiating their therapeutic effect and could be proposed to patients suffering from colon diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Moussa
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Recherche en Régénération des tissus sains Irradiés (LR2I), 31 Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Girish Pattappa
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Bastien Doix
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Recherche en Régénération des tissus sains Irradiés (LR2I), 31 Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sarra-Louiza Benselama
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Recherche en Régénération des tissus sains Irradiés (LR2I), 31 Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christelle Demarquay
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Recherche en Régénération des tissus sains Irradiés (LR2I), 31 Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Recherche en Régénération des tissus sains Irradiés (LR2I), 31 Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alexandra Sémont
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Recherche en Régénération des tissus sains Irradiés (LR2I), 31 Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Radia Tamarat
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Recherche en Régénération des tissus sains Irradiés (LR2I), 31 Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4 (OTONN), 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Weiss
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4 (OTONN), 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Gildas Réthoré
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4 (OTONN), 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Noëlle Mathieu
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Recherche en Régénération des tissus sains Irradiés (LR2I), 31 Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Kulkarni S, Wang TC, Guha C. Stromal Progenitor Cells in Mitigation of Non-Hematopoietic Radiation Injuries. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 4:221-230. [PMID: 28462013 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-016-0114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Therapeutic exposure to high doses of radiation can severely impair organ function due to ablation of stem cells. Normal tissue injury is a dose-limiting toxicity for radiation therapy (RT). Although advances in the delivery of high precision conformal RT has increased normal tissue sparing, mitigating and therapeutic strategies that could alleviate early and chronic radiation effects are urgently needed in order to deliver curative doses of RT, especially in abdominal, pelvic and thoracic malignancies. Radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury is also a major cause of lethality from accidental or intentional exposure to whole body irradiation in the case of nuclear accidents or terrorism. This review examines the therapeutic options for mitigation of non-hematopoietic radiation injuries. RECENT FINDINGS We have developed stem cell based therapies for the mitigation of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (RIGS). This is a promising option because of the robustness of standardized isolation and transplantation of stromal cells protocols, and their ability to support and replace radiation-damaged stem cells and stem cell niche. Stromal progenitor cells (SPC) represent a unique multipotent and heterogeneous cell population with regenerative, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties. SPC are also known to secrete various key cytokines and growth factors such as platelet derived growth factors (PDGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), R-spondins (Rspo), and may consequently exert their regenerative effects via paracrine function. Additionally, secretory vesicles such as exosomes or microparticles can potentially be a cell-free alternative replacing the cell transplant in some cases. SUMMARY This review highlights the beneficial effects of SPC on tissue regeneration with their ability to (a) target the irradiated tissues, (b) recruit host stromal cells, (c) regenerate endothelium and epithelium, (d) and secrete regenerative and immunomodulatory paracrine signals to control inflammation, ulceration, wound healing and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Kulkarni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY
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Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs) affect 1.3 million North Americans, producing devastating physical, social, and vocational impairment. Pathophysiologically, the initial mechanical trauma is followed by a significant secondary injury which includes local ischemia, pro-apoptotic signaling, release of cytotoxic factors, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Expedient delivery of medical and surgical care during this critical period can improve long-term functional outcomes, engendering the concept of "Time is Spine". We emphasize the importance of expeditious care while outlining the initial clinical and radiographic assessment of patients. Key evidence-based early interventions (surgical decompression, blood pressure augmentation, and methylprednisolone) are also reviewed, including findings of the landmark Surgical Timing in Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study (STASCIS). We then describe other neuroprotective approaches on the edge of translation such as the sodium-channel blocker riluzole, the anti-inflammatory minocycline, and therapeutic hypothermia. We also review promising neuroregenerative therapies that are likely to influence management practices over the next decade including chondroitinase, Rho-ROCK pathway inhibition, and bioengineered strategies. The importance of emerging neural stem cell therapies to remyelinate denuded axons and regenerate neural circuits is also discussed. Finally, we outline future directions for research and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Ahuja
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allan R Martin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; McLaughlin Center in Molecular Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Wang Y, Yu X, Chen E, Li L. Liver-derived human mesenchymal stem cells: a novel therapeutic source for liver diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:71. [PMID: 27176654 PMCID: PMC4866276 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an attractive cell type for research and therapy due to their ability to proliferate, differentiate, modulate immune reactions, and secrete trophic factors. MSCs exist in a multitude of tissues, including bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissues. Moreover, MSCs have recently been isolated from the liver. Compared with other MSC types, liver-derived human MSCs (LHMSCs) possess general morphologies, immune functions, and differentiation capacities. Interestingly, LHMCSs produce higher levels of pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic cytokines than those of bone marrow-derived MSCs. Thus, these cells may be a promising therapeutic source for liver diseases. This paper summarizes the biological characteristics of LHMSCs and their potential benefits and risks for the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ermei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lanuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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26
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Persistent visceral allodynia in rats exposed to colorectal irradiation is reversed by mesenchymal stromal cell treatment. Pain 2016; 156:1465-1476. [PMID: 25887464 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Each year, millions of people worldwide are treated for primary or recurrent pelvic malignancies, involving radiotherapy in almost 50% of cases. Delayed development of visceral complications after radiotherapy is recognized in cancer survivors. Therapeutic doses of radiation may lead to the damage of healthy tissue around the tumor and abdominal pain. Because of the lack of experimental models, the underlying mechanisms of radiation-induced long-lasting visceral pain are still unknown. This makes managing radiation-induced pain difficult, and the therapeutic strategies proposed are mostly inefficient. The aim of our study was to develop an animal model of radiation-induced visceral hypersensitivity to (1) analyze some cellular and molecular mechanisms involved and (2) to test a therapeutic strategy using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Using a single 27-Grays colorectal irradiation in rats, we showed that such exposure induces a persistent visceral allodynia that is associated with an increased spinal sensitization (enhanced p-ERK neurons), colonic neuroplasticity (as increased density of substance P nerve fibers), and colonic mast cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Mast cell stabilization by ketotifen provided evidence of their functional involvement in radiation-induced allodynia. Finally, intravenous injection of 1.5 million MSCs, 4 weeks after irradiation, induced a time-dependent reversion of the visceral allodynia and a reduction of the number of anatomical interactions between mast cells and PGP9.5+ nerve fibers. Moreover, unlike ketotifen, MSC treatment has the key advantage to limit radiation-induced colonic ulceration. This work provides new insights into the potential use of MSCs as cellular therapy in the treatment of pelvic radiation disease.
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27
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Ahuja CS, Fehlings M. Concise Review: Bridging the Gap: Novel Neuroregenerative and Neuroprotective Strategies in Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:914-24. [PMID: 27130222 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) result in devastating lifelong disability for patients and their families. The initial mechanical trauma is followed by a damaging secondary injury cascade involving proapoptotic signaling, ischemia, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Ongoing cellular necrosis releases ATP, DNA, glutamate, and free radicals to create a cytotoxic postinjury milieu. Long-term regeneration of lost or injured networks is further impeded by cystic cavitation and the formation of an inhibitory glial-chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan scar. In this article, we discuss important neuroprotective interventions currently applied in clinical practice, including surgical decompression, blood pressure augmentation, and i.v. methylprednisolone. We then explore exciting translational therapies on the horizon, such as riluzole, minocycline, fibroblast growth factor, magnesium, and hypothermia. Finally, we summarize the key neuroregenerative strategies of the next decade, including glial scar degradation, Rho-ROCK inhibition, cell-based therapies, and novel bioengineered adjuncts. Throughout, we emphasize the need for combinatorial approaches to this multifactorial problem and discuss relevant studies at the forefront of translation. We conclude by providing our perspectives on the future direction of SCI research. SIGNIFICANCE Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) result in devastating, lifelong disability for patients and their families. This article discusses important neuroprotective interventions currently applied in clinical practice, including surgical decompression, blood pressure augmentation, and i.v. methylprednisolone. Translational therapies on the horizon are discussed, such as riluzole, minocycline, fibroblast growth factor, magnesium, and hypothermia. The key neuroregenerative strategies of the next decade are summarized, including glial scar degradation, Rho-ROCK inhibition, cell-based therapies, and novel bioengineered adjuncts. The need for combinatorial approaches to this multifactorial problem is emphasized, relevant studies at the forefront of translation are discussed, and perspectives on the future direction of SCI research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Ahuja
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Linard C, Strup-Perrot C, Lacave-Lapalun JV, Benderitter M. Flagellin preconditioning enhances the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in an irradiation-induced proctitis model. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:569-80. [PMID: 26992430 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0915-393r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for proctitis depends not only on cell donors but also on host microenvironmental factors, which play a major role in conditioning mesenchymal stem cell immunosuppressive action and repair. This study sought to determine if flagellin, a TLR5 ligand, can enhance the mesenchymal stem cell treatment efficacy in radiation-induced proctitis. With the use of a colorectal model of 27 Gy irradiation in rats, we investigated and compared the effects on immune capacity and remodeling at 28 d after irradiation of the following: 1) systemic mesenchymal stem cell (5 × 10(6)) administration at d 7 after irradiation, 2) administration of flagellin at d 3 and systemic mesenchymal stem cell administration at d 7, and 3) in vitro preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells with flagellin, 24 h before their administration on d 7. The mucosal CD8(+) T cell population was normalized after treatment with flagellin-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells or flagellin plus mesenchymal stem cells, whereas mesenchymal stem cells alone did not alter the radiation-induced elevation of CD8(+) T cell frequency. Mesenchymal stem cell treatment returned the irradiation-elevated frequency of CD25(+) cells in the mucosa-to-control levels, whereas both flagellin-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cell and flagellin-plus-mesenchymal stem cell treatment each significantly increased not only CD25(+) cell frequency but also forkhead box p3 and IL-2Rα expression. Specifically, IL-10 was overexpressed after flagellin-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cell treatment. Analysis of collagen expression showed that the collagen type 1/collagen type 3 ratio, an indicator of wound-healing maturation, was low in the irradiated and mesenchymal stem cell-treated groups and returned to the normal level only after the flagellin-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cell treatment. This was associated with a reduction in myofibroblast accumulation. In a proctitis model, flagellin-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells improved colonic immune capacity and enhanced tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Linard
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Carine Strup-Perrot
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Marc Benderitter
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Dai T, Chen Z, Tan L, Shi C. Radioresistance of granulation tissue-derived cells from skin wounds combined with total body irradiation. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3377-83. [PMID: 26936439 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined radiation and wound injury (CRWI) occurs following nuclear explosions and accidents, radiological or nuclear terrorism, and radiation therapy combined with surgery. CRWI is complicated and more difficult to heal than single injuries. Stem cell‑based therapy is a promising treatment strategy for CRWI, however, sourcing stem cells remains a challenge. In the present study, the granulation tissue-derived cells (GTCs) from the skin wounds (SWs) of CRWI mice (C‑GTCs) demonstrated a higher radioresistance to the damage caused by combined injury, and were easier to isolate and harvest when compared with bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs). Furthermore, the C-GTCs exhibited similar stem cell-associated properties, such as self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacity, when compared with neonatal dermal stromal cells (DSCs) and GTCs from unirradiated SWs. Granulation tissue, which is easy to access, may present as an optimal autologous source of stem/progenitor cells for therapeutic applications in CRWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Dai
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Zelin Chen
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Li Tan
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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30
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Gao F, Chiu SM, Motan DAL, Zhang Z, Chen L, Ji HL, Tse HF, Fu QL, Lian Q. Mesenchymal stem cells and immunomodulation: current status and future prospects. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2062. [PMID: 26794657 PMCID: PMC4816164 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 748] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The unique immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them an invaluable cell type for the repair of tissue/ organ damage caused by chronic inflammation or autoimmune disorders. Although they hold great promise in the treatment of immune disorders such as graft versus host disease (GvHD) and allergic disorders, there remain many challenges to overcome before their widespread clinical application. An understanding of the biological properties of MSCs will clarify the mechanisms of MSC-based transplantation for immunomodulation. In this review, we summarize the preclinical and clinical studies of MSCs from different adult tissues, discuss the current hurdles to their use and propose the future development of pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs as an approach to immunomodulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S M Chiu
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - D A L Motan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - L Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - H-L Ji
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, USA
| | - H-F Tse
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Q-L Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q Lian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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31
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Feline mesenchymal stem cells and supernatant inhibit reactive oxygen species production in cultured feline neutrophils. Res Vet Sci 2015; 103:60-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Chang PY, Qu YQ, Wang J, Dong LH. The potential of mesenchymal stem cells in the management of radiation enteropathy. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1840. [PMID: 26247725 PMCID: PMC4558492 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although radiotherapy is effective in managing abdominal and pelvic malignant tumors, radiation enteropathy is still unavoidable. This disease severely affects the quality of life of cancer patients due to some refractory lesions, such as intestinal ischemia, mucositis, ulcer, necrosis or even perforation. Current drugs or prevailing therapies are committed to alleviating the symptoms induced by above lesions. But the efficacies achieved by these interventions are still not satisfactory, because the milieus for tissue regeneration are not distinctly improved. In recent years, regenerative therapy for radiation enteropathy by using mesenchymal stem cells is of public interests. Relevant results of preclinical and clinical studies suggest that this regenerative therapy will become an attractive tool in managing radiation enteropathy, because mesenchymal stem cells exhibit their pro-regenerative potentials for healing the injuries in both epithelium and endothelium, minimizing inflammation and protecting irradiated intestine against fibrogenesis through activating intrinsic repair actions. In spite of these encouraging results, whether mesenchymal stem cells promote tumor growth is still an issue of debate. On this basis, we will discuss the advances in anticancer therapy by using mesenchymal stem cells in this review after analyzing the pathogenesis of radiation enteropathy, introducing the advances in managing radiation enteropathy using regenerative therapy and exploring the putative actions by which mesenchymal stem cells repair intestinal injuries. At last, insights gained from the potential risks of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for radiation enteropathy patients may provide clinicians with an improved awareness in carrying out their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-Y Chang
- 1] Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China [2] Electrochemical State Key Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Academy of Science, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Y-Q Qu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - J Wang
- Electrochemical State Key Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Academy of Science, Changchun 130021, China
| | - L-H Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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33
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Ye JS, Su XS, Stoltz JF, de Isla N, Zhang L. Signalling pathways involved in the process of mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into hepatocytes. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:157-65. [PMID: 25656979 PMCID: PMC6496737 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
End‐stage liver disease can be the termination of acute or chronic liver diseases, with manifestations of liver failure; transplantation is currently an effective treatment for these. However, transplantation is severely limited due to the serious lack of donors, expense, graft rejection and requirement of long‐term immunosuppression. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable attention as therapeutic tools as they can be obtained with relative ease and expanded in culture, along with features of self‐renewal and multidirectional differentiation. Many scientific groups have sought to use MSCs differentiating into functional hepatocytes to be used in cell transplantation with liver tissue engineering to repair diseased organs. In most of the literature, hepatocyte differentiation refers to use of various additional growth factors and cytokines, such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), oncostatin M (OSM) and more, and most are involved in signalling pathway regulation and cell–cell/cell–matrix interactions. Signalling pathways have been shown to play critical roles in embryonic development, tumourigenesis, tumour progression, apoptosis and cell‐fate determination. However, mechanisms of MSCs differentiating into hepatocytes, particularly signalling pathways involved, have not as yet been completely illustrated. In this review, we have focused on progress of signalling pathways associated with mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into hepatocytes along with the stepwise differentiation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Song Ye
- BRC, First Hospital of Kun Ming, Kun Ming, 650011, China; Lorraine University and CNRS UMR 7365, Medical College, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France
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Zhang Y, Deng C, Qian J, Zhang M, Li X. Improvement of radiotherapy-induced lacrimal gland injury by induced pluripotent stem cell-derived conditioned medium via MDK and inhibition of the p38/JNK pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18407-21. [PMID: 25314301 PMCID: PMC4227222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is the most widely used and effective treatment for orbital tumors, but it causes dry eye due to lacrimal gland damage. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived conditioned medium (iPSC-CM) has been shown to rescue different types of tissue damage. The present study investigated the mechanism of the potential radioprotective effect of IPS cell-derived conditioned medium (iPSC-CM) on gamma-irradiation-induced lacrimal gland injury (RILI) in experimental mice. In this study, we found that iPSC-CM ameliorated RILI. iPSC-CM markedly decreased radiotherapy induced inflammatory processes, predominantly through suppressing p38/JNK signaling. Further signaling pathway analyses indicated that iPSC-CM could suppress Akt (Protein Kinase B, PKB) phosphorylation. High levels of midkine (MDK) were also found in iPSC-CM and could be involved in lacrimal gland regeneration by promoting cell migration and proliferation. Thus, our study indicates that inhibiting the p38/JNK pathway or increasing the MDK level might be a therapeutic target for radiation-induced lacrimal gland injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Chenliang Deng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Mingui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
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35
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Madrigal M, Rao KS, Riordan NH. A review of therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell secretions and induction of secretory modification by different culture methods. J Transl Med 2014; 12:260. [PMID: 25304688 PMCID: PMC4197270 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is being broadly studied in clinical trials. Contrary to the early paradigm of cell replacement and differentiation as a therapeutic mechanism of action, evidence is mounting that the secretions of the cells are responsible for their therapeutic effects. These secretions include molecules and extracellular vesicles that have both local and distant effects. This review summarizes the up- and down-regulation of MSC anti-inflammatory, immune modulating, anti-tumor, and regenerative secretions resulting from different stimuli including: a) hypoxia, which increases the production of growth factors and anti-inflammatory molecules; b) pro-inflammatory stimuli that induce the secretion of immune modulating and anti-inflammatory factors; and c) 3 dimensional growth which up regulates the production of anti-cancer factors and anti-inflammatory molecules compared to monolayer culture. Finally we review in detail the most important factors present in conditioned medium of MSC that can be considered protagonists of MSC physiological effects including HGF, TGF-b, VEGF, TSG-6, PGE2 and galectins 1, and 9. We conclude that there is potential for the development of acellular therapeutic interventions for autoimmune, inflammatory, and malignant diseases and tissue regeneration from cellular secretions derived from MSCs cultured under the appropriate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Madrigal
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India. .,INDICASAT-AIP, City of Knowledge, Republic of Panama. .,MediStem Panama Inc., City of Knowledge, Republic of Panama.
| | | | - Neil H Riordan
- MediStem Panama Inc., City of Knowledge, Republic of Panama.
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