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Kumar S, Pauline G, Vindal V. NetVA: an R package for network vulnerability and influence analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38234040 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2303607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In biological network analysis, identifying key molecules plays a decisive role in the development of potential diagnostic and therapeutic candidates. Among various approaches of network analysis, network vulnerability analysis is quite important, as it assesses significant associations between topological properties and the functional essentiality of a network. Similarly, some node centralities are also used to screen out key molecules. Among these node centralities, escape velocity centrality (EVC), and its extended version (EVC+) outperform others, viz., Degree, Betweenness, and Clustering coefficient. Keeping this in mind, we aimed to develop a first-of-its-kind R package named NetVA, which analyzes networks to identify key molecular players (individual proteins and protein pairs/triplets) through network vulnerability and EVC+-based approaches. To demonstrate the application and relevance of our package in network analysis, previously published and publicly available protein-protein interactions (PPIs) data of human breast cancer were analyzed. This resulted in identifying some most important proteins. These included essential proteins, non-essential proteins, hubs, and bottlenecks, which play vital roles in breast cancer development. Thus, the NetVA package, available at https://github.com/kr-swapnil/NetVA with a detailed tutorial to download and use, assists in predicting potential candidates for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes by exploring various topological features of a disease-specific PPIs network.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Grace Pauline
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vaibhav Vindal
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Synthesis, In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Antiproliferative and Neuroprotective Effects and In Silico Studies of Novel 16E-Arylidene-5α,6α-epoxyepiandrosterone Derivatives. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030812. [PMID: 36979790 PMCID: PMC10045663 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroids constitute an important class of pharmacologically active molecules, playing key roles in human physiology. Within this group, 16E-arylideneandrostane derivatives have been reported as potent anti-cancer agents for the treatment of leukemia, breast and prostate cancers, and brain tumors. Additionally, 5α,6α-epoxycholesterol is an oxysterol with several biological activities, including regulation of cell proliferation and cholesterol homeostasis. Interestingly, pregnenolone derivatives combining these two modifications were described as potential neuroprotective agents. In this research, novel 16E-arylidene-5α,6α-epoxyepiandrosterone derivatives were synthesized from dehydroepiandrosterone by aldol condensation with different aldehydes followed by a diastereoselective 5α,6α-epoxidation. Their cytotoxicity was evaluated on tumoral and non-tumoral cell lines by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Furthermore, the assessment of the neuroprotective activity of these derivatives was performed in a dopaminergic neuronal cell line (N27), at basal conditions, and in the presence of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Interestingly, some of these steroids had selective cytotoxic effects in tumoral cell lines, with an IC50 of 3.47 µM for the 2,3-dichlorophenyl derivative in the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The effects of this functionalized epoxide on cell proliferation (Ki67 staining), cell necrosis (propidium iodide staining), as well as the analysis of the nuclear area and near neighbor distance in MCF-7 cells, were analyzed. From this set of biological studies, strong evidence of the activation of apoptosis was found. In contrast, no significant neuroprotection against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity was observed for the less cytotoxic steroids in N27 cells. Lastly, molecular docking simulations were achieved to verify the potential affinity of these compounds against important targets of steroidal drugs (androgen receptor, estrogen receptor α, and 5α-reductase type 2, 17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase and aromatase enzymes). This in silico study predicted a strong affinity between most novel steroidal derivatives and 5α-reductase and 17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase enzymes.
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Proteomics-Based Identification of Dysregulated Proteins in Breast Cancer. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10040035. [PMID: 36278695 PMCID: PMC9590004 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is still widely used as a morphology-based assay for in situ analysis of target proteins as specific tumor antigens. However, as a very heterogeneous collection of neoplastic diseases, breast cancer (BC) requires an accurate identification and characterization of larger panels of candidate biomarkers, beyond ER, PR, and HER2 proteins, for diagnosis and personalized treatment, without the limited availability of antibodies that are required to identify specific proteins. Top-down, middle-down, and bottom-up mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics approaches complement traditional histopathological tissue analysis to examine expression, modification, and interaction of hundreds to thousands of proteins simultaneously. In this review, we discuss the proteomics-based identification of dysregulated proteins in BC that are essential for the following issues: discovery and validation of new biomarkers by analysis of solid and liquid/non-invasive biopsies, cell lines, organoids and xenograft models; identification of panels of biomarkers for early detection and accurate discrimination between cancer, benign and normal tissues; identification of subtype-specific and stage-specific protein expression profiles in BC grading and measurement of disease progression; characterization of new subtypes of BC; characterization and quantitation of post-translational modifications (PTMs) and aberrant protein-protein interactions (PPI) involved in tumor development; characterization of the global remodeling of BC tissue homeostasis, diagnosis and prognostic information; and deciphering of molecular functions, biological processes and mechanisms through which the dysregulated proteins cause tumor initiation, invasion, and treatment resistance.
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Pagliarani S, Johnston SD, Beagley KW, Hulse L, Palmieri C. Chlamydiosis and cystic dilatation of the ovarian bursa in the female koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): Novel insights into the pathogenesis and mechanisms of formation. Theriogenology 2022; 189:280-289. [PMID: 35816886 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Chlamydia pecorum is one of the main causes of progressive decline of koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations in Eastern Australia. Pathological changes associated with the chlamydial infection in the genital tract of female and male koalas have been widely described with reports of acute and chronic lymphoplasmacytic inflammation and the description of the cystic dilatation of the ovarian bursa. Although these disease manifestations can result in severe chronic inflammation, structural changes and even sterility, only limited data is currently available on the organism's distribution and associated histopathological and ultrastructural changes within the upper genital tract of affected females. This study examined the pathogenesis of the most common pathological lesion associated with chlamydiosis in female koalas, the cystic dilation of the ovarian bursa starting from the evidence that Chlamydia spp. induces disruption of the intercellular junctions in the epithelium of the reproductive organs in humans. Histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to evaluate the structural features and the expression of epithelial cell and cellular junctions' markers in affected bursae from 39 Chlamydia-infected female koalas. Epithelial cells from the ovarian bursae of one affected animal examined by transmission electron microscopy showed severe widening of the intercellular space, as morphologic evidence of disrupted permeability of the epithelial barrier. The epithelial cell-cell junctions markers E-cadherin, β-catenin and ZO-1 expressions were significantly reduced in samples from cystic bursae when compared to normal tissue samples (P < 0.0001). On the other end, a significantly higher expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 was observed in cystic bursae compared to control samples (P < 0.0001). As these proteins are required to maintain epithelial functional integrity and cell-cell adhesive interactions, their loss may permanently impair and affect female koala fertility and suggest the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of the cystic accumulation of bursal fluid within this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pagliarani
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, 4343, Australia; Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Stephen D Johnston
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, 4343, Australia
| | - Kenneth W Beagley
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4001, Australia
| | - Lyndal Hulse
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, 4343, Australia
| | - Chiara Palmieri
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, 4343, Australia
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Kramer CJH, Vreeswijk MPG, Thijssen B, Bosse T, Wesseling J. Beyond the snapshot: optimizing prognostication and prediction by moving from fixed to functional multidimensional cancer pathology. J Pathol 2022; 257:403-412. [PMID: 35438188 PMCID: PMC9324156 DOI: 10.1002/path.5915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The role of pathology in patient management has evolved over time from the retrospective review of cells, tissue, and disease (‘what happened’) to a prospective outlook (‘what will happen’). Examination of a static, two‐dimensional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained tissue slide has traditionally been the pathologist's primary task, but novel ancillary techniques enabled by technological breakthroughs have supported pathologists in their increasing ability to predict disease status and behaviour. Nevertheless, the informational limits of 2D, fixed tissue are now being reached and technological innovation is urgently needed to ensure that our understanding of disease entities continues to support improved individualized treatment options. Here we review pioneering work currently underway in the field of cancer pathology that has the potential to capture information beyond the current basic snapshot. A selection of exciting new technologies is discussed that promise to facilitate integration of the functional and multidimensional (space and time) information needed to optimize the prognostic and predictive value of cancer pathology. Learning how to analyse, interpret, and apply the wealth of data acquired by these new approaches will challenge the knowledge and skills of the pathology community. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J H Kramer
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M P G Vreeswijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B Thijssen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhao H, Lin LF, Hahn J, Xie J, Holman HF, Yuan C. Single-Cell Image-Based Analysis Reveals Chromatin Changes during the Acquisition of Tamoxifen Drug Resistance. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030438. [PMID: 35330189 PMCID: PMC8950147 DOI: 10.3390/life12030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer drug resistance is the leading cause of cancer related deaths. The development of drug resistance can be partially contributed to tumor heterogeneity and epigenetic plasticity. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying epigenetic modulated drug resistance remains elusive. In this work, we systematically analyzed epigenetic changes in tamoxifen (Tam) responsive and resistant breast cancer cell line MCF7, and adopted a data-driven approach to identify key epigenetic features distinguishing between these two cell types. Significantly, we revealed that DNA methylation and H3K9me3 marks that constitute the heterochromatin are distinctively different between Tam-resistant and -responsive cells. We then performed time-lapse imaging of 5mC and H3K9me3 features using engineered probes. After Tam treatment, we observed a slow transition of MCF7 cells from a drug-responsive to -resistant population based on DNA methylation features. A similar trend was not observed using H3K9me3 probes. Collectively, our results suggest that DNA methylation changes partake in the establishment of Tam-resistant breast cancer cell lines. Instead of global changes in the DNA methylation level, the distribution of DNA methylation features inside the nucleus can be one of the drivers that facilitates the establishment of a drug resistant phenotype in MCF7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (H.Z.); (L.F.L.); (J.H.); (J.X.); (H.F.H.)
| | - Li F. Lin
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (H.Z.); (L.F.L.); (J.H.); (J.X.); (H.F.H.)
| | - Joshua Hahn
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (H.Z.); (L.F.L.); (J.H.); (J.X.); (H.F.H.)
| | - Junkai Xie
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (H.Z.); (L.F.L.); (J.H.); (J.X.); (H.F.H.)
| | - Harvey F. Holman
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (H.Z.); (L.F.L.); (J.H.); (J.X.); (H.F.H.)
| | - Chongli Yuan
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (H.Z.); (L.F.L.); (J.H.); (J.X.); (H.F.H.)
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-494-5824; Fax: +1-765-494-0805
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Quantification of Tumor Hypoxia through Unsupervised Modelling of Consumption and Supply Hypoxia MR Imaging in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051326. [PMID: 35267636 PMCID: PMC8909402 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypoxia in solid tumors is common in most solid cancers and is associated with treatment resistance to both chemo- and radiation-therapy. There is also reason to believe that hypoxia is an important determinant of metastic disease. Identifying hypoxia in solid tumors is important in treatment planning and decision making. In 2018 Hompland et al. proposed a method, based on quantifying consumption and supply of oxygen from diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging, to estimate the hypoxic fraction of a solid tumor. The method was based on training model parameters on a known hypoxia state in prostate cancer. In the present study we verified the validity of the consumption and supply concept in breast cancer. Furthermore, we developed and validated a new approach to the concept that does not require a ground truth to train the parameters. Abstract The purpose of the present study is to investigate if consumption and supply hypoxia (CSH) MR-imaging can depict breast cancer hypoxia, using the CSH-method initially developed for prostate cancer. Furthermore, to develop a generalized pan-cancer application of the CSH-method that doesn’t require a hypoxia reference standard for training the CSH-parameters. In a cohort of 69 breast cancer patients, we generated, based on the principles of intravoxel incoherent motion modelling, images reflecting cellular density (apparent diffusion coefficient; ADC) and vascular density (perfusion fraction; fp). Combinations of the information in these images were compared to a molecular hypoxia score made from gene expression data, aiming to identify a way to apply the CSH-methodology in breast cancer. Attempts to adapt previously proposed models for prostate cancer included direct transfers and model parameter rescaling. A novel approach, based on rescaling ADC and fp data to give more nuanced response in the relevant physiologic range, was also introduced. The new CSH-method was validated in a prostate cancer cohort with known hypoxia status. The proposed CSH-method gave estimates of hypoxia that was strongly correlated to the molecular hypoxia score in breast cancer, and hypoxia as measured in pathology slices stained with pimonidazole in prostate cancer. The generalized approach to CSH-imaging depicted hypoxia in both breast and prostate cancers and requires no model training. It is easy to implement using readily available technology and encourages further investigation of CSH-imaging in other cancer entities and in other settings, with the goal being to overcome hypoxia-induced resistance to treatment.
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Zandi A, Rafizadeh‐Tafti S, Shojaeian F, Ali Khayamian M, Abbasvandi F, Faranoush M, Anbiaee R, Najafikhoshnoo S, Hoseinpour P, Assadi S, Katebi P, Davari sh. Z, Shalileh S, Salemizadeh Parizi M, Vanaei S, Ghaderinia M, Abadijoo H, Taheri P, Reza Esmailinejad M, Sanati H, Reza Rostami M, Sadeghian R, Kordehlachin Y, Sadegh Mousavi‐kiasary SM, Mamdouh A, Hossein Miraghaie S, Baharvand H, Abdolahad M. Positive electrostatic therapy of metastatic tumors: selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by pure charges. Cancer Med 2021; 10:7475-7491. [PMID: 34626092 PMCID: PMC8559484 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We discovered that pure positive electrostatic charges (PECs) have an intrinsic suppressive effect on the proliferation and metabolism of invasive cancer cells (cell lines and animal models) without affecting normal tissues. METHODS We interacted normal and cancer cell lines and animal tumors with PECs by connecting a charged patch to cancer cells and animal tumors. many biochemical, molecular and radiological assays were carried out on PEC treated and control samples. RESULTS Correlative interactions between electrostatic charges and cancer cells contain critical unknown factors that influence cancer diagnosis and treatment. Different types of cell analyses prove PEC-based apoptosis induction in malignant cell lines. Flowcytometry and viability assay depict selective destructive effects of PEC on malignant breast cancer cells. Additionally, strong patterns of pyknotic apoptosis, as well as downregulation of proliferative-associated proteins (Ki67, CD31, and HIF-1α), were observed in histopathological and immunohistochemical patterns of treated mouse malignant tumors, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results demonstrate up/down-regulated apoptotic/proliferative transcriptomes (P21, P27, P53/CD34, integrin α5, vascular endothelial growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor) in treated animal tumors. Expression of propidium iodide in confocal microscopy images of treated malignant tissues was another indication of the destructive effects of PECs on such cells. Significant tumor size reduction and prognosis improvement were seen in over 95% of treated mouse models with no adverse effects on normal tissues. CONCLUSION We discovered that pure positive electrostatic charges (PECs) have an intrinsic suppressive effect on the proliferation and metabolism of invasive cancer cells (cell lines and animal models) without affecting normal tissues. The findings were statistically and observationally significant when compared to radio/chemotherapy-treated mouse models. As a result, this nonionizing radiation may be used as a practical complementary approach with no discernible side effects after passing future human model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Zandi
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
- Nano Electronic Center of ExcellenceNanoelectronics and Thin Film Lab.School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Saeid Rafizadeh‐Tafti
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Shojaeian
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
- School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Ali Khayamian
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Fereshteh Abbasvandi
- ATMP DepartmentBreast Cancer Research CenterMotamed Cancer InstituteACECRTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Faranoush
- Pediatric Growth and Development Research CenterInstitute of Endocrinology and MetabolismIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Cardio‐Oncology Research CenterRajaie Cardiovascuar Medical & Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Robab Anbiaee
- Department of Radiation OncologyImam Hossein HospitalShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sahar Najafikhoshnoo
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | | | - Sepanta Assadi
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Pouyan Katebi
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Zahra Davari sh.
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Shahriar Shalileh
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Salemizadeh Parizi
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Shohreh Vanaei
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Mohammadreza Ghaderinia
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Hamed Abadijoo
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Payam Taheri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental BiologyCell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and TechnologyACECRTehranIran
| | | | - Hassan Sanati
- ATMP DepartmentBreast Cancer Research CenterMotamed Cancer InstituteACECRTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rostami
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Reza Sadeghian
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Yasin Kordehlachin
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - S. M. Sadegh Mousavi‐kiasary
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Amir Mamdouh
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Miraghaie
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental BiologyCell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and TechnologyACECRTehranIran
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and CultureTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Abdolahad
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
- Nano Electronic Center of ExcellenceNanoelectronics and Thin Film Lab.School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
- Cancer InstituteImam Khomeini HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- UT&TUMS Cancer electronic Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Arafat EA, El-Khair SMA, Elsamanoudy AZ, Shabaan DA. Study of the Possible Alleviated Role of Atorvastatin on Irinotecan-Induced Lingual Mucosal Damage: Histological and Molecular Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9690047. [PMID: 34630855 PMCID: PMC8497104 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9690047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral mucositis is the most debilitating and troublesome adverse effect of irinotecan (CPT-11) treatment. It adversely affects the patient quality of life. The aim of this work was to study the histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular changes in the oral mucosa by CPT-11 and the possible alleviated role of atorvastatin. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into control, CPT-11-treated group, and CPT-11+ atorvastatin-treated group. At the end of the experiment, the anterior two-thirds of the tongue was dissected out and divided into two parts: one part for light microscopic examination and the second for molecular study. RESULTS CPT-11-treated group revealed loss of normal mucosal organization, areas of ulceration and inflammation, and loss of architecture of lingual papillae. A significant decrease in immunohistochemical and molecular gene expression of Ki-67 and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 levels was observed. A significant increase in NF-κB immunohistochemical and mRNA gene expression level and a nonsignificant increase in Nrf2 gene expression were detected. Coadministration of atorvastatin showed remarkable improvement in the histopathological picture with a significant increase in Ki-67 and Bcl-2, a significant decrease in NF-κB protein and gene expression, and a significant increase in Nrf2 gene expression. CONCLUSION Atorvastatin substantially attenuates CPT-11-induced oral mucositis through the initiation of the antiapoptotic gene, modulation of the inflammatory, and antioxidant gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eetmad A Arafat
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - S M Abo El-Khair
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - A Z Elsamanoudy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia A Shabaan
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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10
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Foglietta F, Gola G, Biasibetti E, Capucchio MT, Bruni I, Francovich A, Durando G, Serpe L, Canaparo R. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Triggered by Ultrasound Halts Tumor Proliferation in a Syngeneic Model of Breast Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:972. [PMID: 34681196 PMCID: PMC8540919 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy is a bimodal therapeutic approach in which a chemical compound and ultrasound (US) synergistically act to elicit oxidative damage, triggering cancer cell death. Despite encouraging results, mainly for anticancer treatment, sonodynamics is still far from having a clinical application. Therefore, to close the gap between the bench and bedside, more in vivo studies are needed. In this investigation, the combined effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (Ala), a natural porphyrin precursor, plus exposure to US, was investigated in vivo on a syngeneic breast cancer model. Real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry assays were performed to evaluate the effect of sonodynamic treatment on the main cancer hallmarks. The sonodynamic-treated group had a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.0001) in tumor size compared to the untreated group, and the Ala- and US-only treated groups, where a strong decrease (p ≤ 0.0001) in Ki67 protein expression was the most relevant feature of sonodynamic-treated cancer tissues. Moreover, oxidative stress was confirmed as the pivotal driver of the anticancer effect through cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy; thus, sonodynamics should be explored further for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Foglietta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (G.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Giulia Gola
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (G.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Elena Biasibetti
- Histopathology Department CIBA, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (M.T.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Iside Bruni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (M.T.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Andrea Francovich
- Institut de Physiologie, Université de Fribourg, 1770 Fribourg, Switzerland;
| | - Gianni Durando
- National Institute of Metrological Research (INRIM), 10135 Torino, Italy;
| | - Loredana Serpe
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (G.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Canaparo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (G.G.); (R.C.)
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11
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Nugroho PS, Yusuf M, Hidayati TA. Correlation between Cell Proliferation with Cervical Lymphoid Node Status in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients. FOLIA MEDICA INDONESIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v57i1.8765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies showed that the index of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell growth could be used to assess the carcinogenesis interaction factor, development and prognosis of NPC. Cell proliferation index could always be assessed with Ki-67 protein expression test. This research was conducted to study the correlation between cell proliferation index with cervical lymphoid node status in NPC in clinical manifestation to asses the progressivity and prognosis on NPC patients. This study used cross sectional design. Biopsy tissue specimen were acquired from 35 NPC patients clinically divided into four criteria of cervical lymphoid node status (N0, N1, N2 and N3). Expression of Ki-67 protein was acquired by immunohistochemistry test using monoclonal rabbit antibody anti-human Ki-67 clone 901-325-091911 (Biocare Medical, LCC. 4040 Pike Line, CA 94520 USA). The measurement of Ki-67 protein was conducted by pathology consultant. Spearman statistic test was performed to asses the correlation between Ki-67 protein expression and cervical lymphoid node status. The statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. Positive expression of Ki-67 protein was found in 33 patients; 4 patients with N0 (11.43%), 5 patients with N1 (14.29%), 9 patients with N2 (25.71%), and 15 patients with N3. Negative expression of Ki-67 protein was found in 2 patients with N0 (5.71%). The Spearman test resulted at p=0.0001 with correlation coefficient of 0.758. The correlation between Ki-67 protein expression with cervical lymphoid node resulted in a significant correlation (p<0.05). In conclusion, cell proliferation index has correlation with cervical lymphoid node status in NPC patients.
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12
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Fu CW, Tsai HE, Chen WS, Chang TT, Chen CL, Hsiao PW, Li WS. Sialyltransferase Inhibitors Suppress Breast Cancer Metastasis. J Med Chem 2020; 64:527-542. [PMID: 33371679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and evaluation of a series of cell-permeable and N- versus O-selective sialyltransferase inhibitors. Inhibitor design entailed the functionalization of lithocholic acid at C(3) and at the cyclopentane ring side chain. Among the series, FCW34 and FCW66 were shown to inhibit MDA-MB-231 cell migration as effectively as ST3GALIII-gene knockdown did. FCW34 was shown to inhibit tumor growth, reduce angiogenesis, and delay cancer cell metastasis in animal models. Furthermore, FCW34 inhibited vessel development and suppressed angiogenic activity in transgenic zebrafish models. Our results provide clear evidence that FCW34-induced sialyltransferase inhibition reduces cancer cell metastasis by decreasing N-glycan sialylation, thus altering the regulation of talin/integrin/FAK/paxillin and integrin/NFκB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Fu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan
| | - Han-En Tsai
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Chang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsiao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shan Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.,Ph.D Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
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13
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Hu Z, Zhao G, Gou W, Cheng H. Myricitrin inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110726. [PMID: 34321178 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the protective effects of myricitrin against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells were characterized. Cells were induced with 50 ng/mL VEGF in the presence or absence of various concentrations of myricitrin for 24 h. Myricitrin treatment significantly reduced cell proliferation by more than 50 %. Cells treated with myricitrin showed significantly increased caspase 3/7 activity and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with 1, 10, or 100 μM myricitrin significantly reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity by 23.3 %, 46.2 %, or 64.3 %, respectively. Myricitrin significantly reduced MMP1 and MMP2 mRNA expression. Similarly, treatment with 1, 10, or 100 μM myricitrin reduced MMP1 protein expression by 10.5 %, 31.6 %, or 52.6 %, respectively, and MMP2 protein expression by 10.9 %, 28.2 %, or 43.5 %, respectively. Cells treated with myricitrin showed significant inhibition of cell migration as well as capillary tube and sprouting formation. Myricitrin treatment significantly reduced the VEGF level. Immune-deficient nude mice bearing U251 xenograft tumors were used to investigate the antiangiogenic effects of myricitrin in vivo. The results demonstrated that myricitrin treatment in vivo significantly inhibited U251 cell xenograft tumor growth, as confirmed by the decreases in tumor volume and tumor weight. VEGF expression is a key proangiogenic factor. Myricitrin treatment significantly reduced mRNA and protein VEGF expression. Taken together, these results indicate that myricitrin is a potential inhibitor of VEGF-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The General Hospital of NingXia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The General Hospital of NingXia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Wei Gou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The General Hospital of NingXia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- Department of Medical Cardiology, The General Hospital of NingXia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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14
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TNF-a Is a Potent Stimulator of Tc9-Cell Differentiation. J Immunother 2020; 43:265-272. [PMID: 32842039 PMCID: PMC7664956 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-specific Tc9 cells exhibit an excellent antitumor potential in tumor immunotherapy. Identification of factors that contribute to Tc9-cell differentiation may have important clinical significance. In this study, we found that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α promotes Tc9 differentiation in vitro, and the TNF-α-induced Tc9 cells display enhanced cell survival and cell proliferation. More importantly, the TNF-α-induced tumor-specific Tc9 cells have increased antitumor capabilities in vivo. TNF-α activates its downstream signaling through 2 cell surface receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. In this study, we found that TNF-α promotes Tc9-cell differentiation through TNFR2, but not TNFR1. Furthermore, we found that TNF-α-TNFR2 activates STAT5 and nuclear factor-κB signaling during Tc9-cell differentiation. Blocking STAT5 or nuclear factor-κB by their specific inhibitors partially abrogates TNF-α-induced promotion of Tc9-cell differentiation. Thus, our study demonstrated TNF-α as a potent stimulator of Tc9-cell differentiation and may have important clinical implications.
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15
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Al‐Husaini K, Elkamel E, Han X, Chen P. Therapeutic potential of a cell penetrating peptide (CPP, NP1) mediated siRNA delivery: Evidence in 3D spheroids of colon cancer cells. CAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalsa Al‐Husaini
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - Erij Elkamel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - Xiaoxia Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
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16
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Rivero LF, Graudenz MS, Aschton-Prolla P, Delgado AM, Kliemann LM. Accuracy of p53 and ki-67 in the graduation of phyllodes tumor, a model for practical application. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-020-0058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The accurate graduation of a phyllodes tumor (PT) is critical for effective treatment as it allows correct surgical management, and avoids inadequate excision for malignant or borderline PT, or surgical overtreatment in benign PT. PTs of the breast are notoriously difficult to classify, and reliable differentiation of a benign PT from a borderline or malignant PT can be problematic, especially among relatively inexperienced pathologists. Although several authors acknowledge a strong relationship between the immunohistochemical expression of p53 and Ki-67 and the histopathological grade of PT—with potential impact on diagnostic accuracy—the literature lacks consensus about which cutoff defines a positive index test. The objective of this study is to establish a practical application score that increases the graduation accuracy of PT through the appropriate use of these auxiliary methods.
Methods
A retrospective study cohort of 146 pathology reviewed PTs surgically removed between January 2000 and December 2015. The Ki-67 test was considered positive if > 10% of neoplastic cells showed nuclear staining. The p53 test was considered positive if > 10% of neoplastic nuclear cells showed nuclear staining in a moderate or strong intensity.
Results
Of the 146 PT cases reviewed, 110 were classified as benign, 16 as borderline, and 20 as malignant. The correlation between age and size with benign, borderline, and malignant subgroups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Significance was observed in the expression of both Ki-67 and p53 in the comparison of benign, borderline, and malignant PT with p < 0.001 and a 95% confidence interval (CI). When correlating the presence of positivity in either of the two index tests with the diagnosis of borderline or malignant PT, we reached a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 91.8 (p < 0.001; 95% CI).
Conclusion
We propose a practical methodology to achieve an accurate grade of PT, based on clearly defined and easy to apply cutoffs of a simple immunohistochemical panel of Ki-67 and p53. A PT positive for either of the index tests should be graded as borderline or malignant, so pathologists can use this test to improve accuracy. We hope this new approach might provide the basis for the development of standardization in using p53 and Ki-67 for grading PT.
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17
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Yasuda Y, Tokunaga K, Koga T, Sakamoto C, Goldberg IG, Saitoh N, Nakao M. Computational analysis of morphological and molecular features in gastric cancer tissues. Cancer Med 2020; 9:2223-2234. [PMID: 32012497 PMCID: PMC7064096 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological morphologies of cells and tissues represent their physiological and pathological conditions. The importance of quantitative assessment of morphological information has been highly recognized in clinical diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. In this study, we used a supervised machine learning algorithm wndchrm to classify hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained images of human gastric cancer tissues. This analysis distinguished between noncancer and cancer tissues with different histological grades. We then classified the H&E‐stained images by expression levels of cancer‐associated nuclear ATF7IP/MCAF1 and membranous PD‐L1 proteins using immunohistochemistry of serial sections. Interestingly, classes with low and high expressions of each protein exhibited significant morphological dissimilarity in H&E images. These results indicated that morphological features in cancer tissues are correlated with expression of specific cancer‐associated proteins, suggesting the usefulness of biomolecular‐based morphological classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yasuda
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tokunaga
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Koga
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Chiyomi Sakamoto
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ilya G Goldberg
- Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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18
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Mukherjee S, Kotcherlakota R, Haque S, Das S, Nuthi S, Bhattacharya D, Madhusudana K, Chakravarty S, Sistla R, Patra CR. Silver Prussian Blue Analogue Nanoparticles: Rationally Designed Advanced Nanomedicine for Multifunctional Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:690-704. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Mukherjee
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rajesh Kotcherlakota
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shagufta Haque
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sourav Das
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Saketh Nuthi
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Dwaipayan Bhattacharya
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Kuncha Madhusudana
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Chitta Ranjan Patra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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19
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Hafner S, Raabe M, Wu Y, Wang T, Zuo Z, Rasche V, Syrovets T, Weil T, Simmet T. High‐Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Efficient Delivery of an Albumin Nanotheranostic in Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Xenografts. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hafner
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical PharmacologyUlm University Helmholtzstr. 20 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Marco Raabe
- Max‐Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Max‐Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia MedicaSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 P. R. China
| | - Zhi Zuo
- Internal Medicine II, Core Facility Small Animal MRI, Medical FacultyUlm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 23 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Internal Medicine II, Core Facility Small Animal MRI, Medical FacultyUlm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 23 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical PharmacologyUlm University Helmholtzstr. 20 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max‐Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical PharmacologyUlm University Helmholtzstr. 20 89081 Ulm Germany
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20
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Role of intravoxel incoherent motion MRI in preoperative evaluation of DNA mismatch repair status in rectal cancers. Clin Radiol 2019; 74:814.e21-814.e28. [PMID: 31427042 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the role of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating DNA mismatch repair (MMR) status of rectal cancers preoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-six patients with a diagnosis of rectal cancer confirmed at endoscopic biopsy were enrolled prospectively and underwent IVIM MRI before surgery. RESULTS The perfusion fraction (f) values of MMR proteins (MMRP) positive rectal cancers were significantly higher than negative cancers. The f values could differentiate MMRP positive rectal cancers from negative cancers with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.695. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expression rates of positive MMRP rectal cancers were significantly higher than negative cancers. CONCLUSION This pilot study indicated that the f value derived from IVIM MRI differed significantly between rectal cancers with different MMRP expression levels, which might be involved with different VEGF and VEGFR2 expression rates.
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21
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Epithelial Paradox: Clinical Significance of Coexpression of E-cadherin and Vimentin With Regard to Invasion and Metastasis of Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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22
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Pizon M, Schott DS, Pachmann U, Pachmann K. B7-H3 on circulating epithelial tumor cells correlates with the proliferation marker, Ki-67, and may be associated with the aggressiveness of tumors in breast cancer patients. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2289-2299. [PMID: 30226585 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating epithelial tumor cells (CETCs) in peripheral blood are a prerequisite for the development of metastases. B7-H3 is an important immune checkpoint member of the B7 family and inhibits T-cell mediated antitumor immunity. Its expression is associated with a negative prognosis and a poor clinical outcome. Based on the clinical success of inhibitory immune checkpoint blockade, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against B7-H3 appear to be a promising therapeutic strategy. The proliferation biomarker, Ki-67, is used as a prognostic factor for breast cancer and reflects the proliferative potential of the tumor. In order to better understand the role of B7-H3 and Ki-67 in cancer development, in this study, we used a real-time biopsy for determining both biomarkers on CETCs in breast cancer patients. Blood from 50 patients suffering from breast cancer was analyzed for CETCs and the expression of B7-H3 and Ki-67 using the maintrac® method. B7-H3 expression on CETCs was found in 82% of the patients. The frequency of B7-H3- and Ki-67‑positive CETCs was significantly higher in patients who had received radiation therapy compared to patients who had not received irradiation. B7-H3‑positive CETCs seemed to be more aggressive as the percentage of B7-H3‑positive CETCs correlated with the percentage of cells positive for the proliferation marker, Ki-67 (r=0.72 P<0.001). A significant association between the Ki-67 and B7-H3 expression level on the CETCs and nodal status was observed. On the whole, the findings of this study indicate that breast cancer patients have detectable CETCs with a high frequency of B7-H3 expression regardless of the stage of the disease. B7-H3 seems to be an important factor in immune evasion and may thus be a promising target for anticancer therapies. Radiation may lead to an upregulation of B7-H3 expression on CETCs, which could be a possible mechanism of acquired radio-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pizon
- Transfusion Center Bayreuth, D-95448 Bayreuth, Germany
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23
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Setthawongsin C, Tangkawattana S, Rungsipipat A, Techangamsuwan S. Computerized Cytomorphometric and Cytomorphological Analysis of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2018; 163:18-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Zhao L, Chen H, Hu B, Zhang H, Lin Q. Prognostic significance of Ki67 expression and the derived neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1919-1926. [PMID: 30013398 PMCID: PMC6038857 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s167626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the association of pretreatment Ki67 expression and the derived neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) with clinical outcomes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Patients and methods For the study, 46 patients diagnosed with NPC at our hospital were recruited between April 2013 and December 2015. All patients were histologically confirmed to have non-keratinizing undifferentiated NPC. The expression of Ki67 proteins in NPC tissue was analyzed immunohistochemically, and the dNLR was assessed in the peripheral blood, both before treatment. Stage I and II disease was treated with radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy, and stage III and IV disease was treated with cisplatin-based radiochemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens. Results Forty-five of the 46 patients met the criteria, and the median follow-up period was 41 months (15–56 months). The cutoff values for Ki67 and dNLR were 77.5% and 2.01%, respectively. The 3-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival rates in the high versus low Ki67 expression groups were 62.5% vs. 93.1% (P = 0.009) and 56.3% vs. 93.1% (P = 0.003), respectively. The 3-year OS rate of patients with high dNLR vs. low dNLR was 64.3% vs. 90.3% (P = 0.023). In the Cox risk ratio model, Ki67 expression and dNLR were independent prognostic factors for OS. Patients were then divided into three groups based on Ki67 expression and dNLR (high risk, both factors were high; intermediate risk, one factor was high; and low risk, neither factor was high). The 3-year OS rates were 20%, 85%, and 95% for the high, intermediate, and low risk groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion Pretreatment Ki67 and dNLR levels can be used as independent prognostic markers in NPC, and elevated values are associated with poor prognosis. Concurrently, high Ki67 expression and dNLR predict a significantly adverse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China,
| | - Haojun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China,
| | - Qin Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China,
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25
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Rashidi M, Khalilnezhad A, Amani D, Jamshidi H, Muhammadnejad A, Bazi A, Ziai SA. Umbelliprenin shows antitumor, antiangiogenesis, antimetastatic, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulatory activities in 4T1 tumor-bearing Balb/c mice. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8908-8918. [PMID: 29797576 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Umbelliprenin (UMB) has shown various pharmacological properties in vitro. We investigated the antineoplastic and immunostimulatory effects of UMB in 4T1 mammary-tumor-bearing mice. Two-hundred microliter of UMB (12.5 mg/ml) was intraperitoneally administrated to healthy and tumor-bearing female Balb/c mice for a period of 18 days. Data was analyzed using GraphPad Prism 5 software for Windows (version 5, La Jolla, CA). UMB caused a significant decrease in tumor size (P < 0.01). Serum interferon gamma (IFNγ) was augmented in both healthy and tumor-bearing animals (P < 0.01), and IL-4 declined in healthy animals (P < 0.01) treated with UMB. Expressions of Ki-67, VEGF, CD31, MMP2, MMP9, VCAM1, and NF-κB were significantly decreased in tumors from UMB-treated animals (P < 0.001), whereas E-Cadherin and TNFR1 expressions were markedly increased (P < 0.001). The rates of liver and lung metastases in UMB-administrated animals were smaller compared to the control. UMB can potently inhibit tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and inflammation and potentiate an antitumor immune response in vivo. However, further investigations are required to evaluate the UMB mechanisms of action in cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rashidi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahad Khalilnezhad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davar Amani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamshidi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Muhammadnejad
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institiute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Bazi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Ziai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Isolation and characterization of the primary epithelial breast cancer cells and the adjacent normal epithelial cells from Iranian women's breast cancer tumors. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:625-639. [PMID: 29380298 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As an experimental model, most studies rely on established human cancer cell lines; however, some genetical or phenotypical differences exist between these cells and their original tumor. Therefore, primary cells isolated directly from tissue are believed to be more biologically relevant tools for studying human and animal biology. Here, we aimed to isolate primary epithelial cancer and normal cells from breast tumors of Iranian women, for the first time. Thus, we isolated the epithelial and fibroblast cells from biopsy samples of patients with breast cancer based on differential centrifugation followed by culture in selective media. Normal epithelial cells obtained from the tissue biopsy away from the core of the tumor, based on the pathological diagnosis. Flow cytometry analysis indicated the positive immunoreactivity of the isolated epithelial cells against CD24 and Epithelial Specific Antigen (ESA/EpCAM), while they displayed a concomitant low expression of CD44 and CD49f. In contrat to fibroblasts, the qPCR data indicated the expression of luminal intracellular cytokeratin (Ck18) in both normal and cancer epithelial cells, but there was no expression of myoepithelial/basal markers, CK5 and vimentin. The epithelial cancer cells were reactive to cytokeratin 19 (CK19) antibody, whereas the normal epithelial cells were not. The expression of calmodulin-like protein (CLP) was also lower in the cancer epithelial cells than in the normal ones. In conclusion, primary epithelial normal and cancer cells, in addition to the fibroblasts were isolated and characterized from breast tumor of Iranian patients; and CLP expression is suggested as a susceptibility marker for breast cancer screening.
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Khiavi MM, Abdal K, Abbasi MM, Hamishehkar H, Aghbali AA, Salehi R, Sina M, Abdollahi B, Fotohi S. Comparison of injectable doxorubicin & its nanodrug complex chemotherapy for the treatment of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide induced oral squamous cell carcinoma in rats. Indian J Med Res 2017; 145:112-117. [PMID: 28574023 PMCID: PMC5460556 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_542_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Combination treatments of chemotherapy and nanoparticle drug delivery have shown significant promise in cancer treatment. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of a nanodrug complex with its free form in the treatment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in rats. Methods: In this study, 75 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was induced by using 4- nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) as a carcinogen. Newly formulated doxorubicin (DOX)-methotrexate (MTX)-loaded nanoparticles, and free DOX-MTX were administrated intravenously to rats. During the study, the animals were weighed once a week. At the end of the treatment, rats’ tongues were evaluated histopathologically. Results: There was significant difference between the mean weight of rats in groups A and B (P=0.001) and also groups A and K (P<0.001). No significant association was found between the mortality rate of groups. The difference between the severity of dysplasia of treated and untreated groups was significant (P<0.001). Interpretation & conclusions: Our study showed that DOX-MTX nanoparticle complex was more effective than free DOX-MTX in chemotherapy treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma in rat models. Further investigations are necessary to clarify the advantages and disadvantages of the nanoparticle complex and its potential therapeutic application for different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monir Moradzadeh Khiavi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Abdal
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ala Aghbali
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Sina
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bita Abdollahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Fotohi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Min KW, Kim DH, Son BK, Kim DH, Kim EK, Seo J, Ahn SB, Jo YJ, Park YS, Ha J. A High Ki67/BCL2 Index Could Predict Lower Disease-Free and Overall Survival in Intestinal-Type Gastric Cancer. Eur Surg Res 2017; 58:158-168. [PMID: 28273657 DOI: 10.1159/000448945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterogeneity of gastric cancer makes the identification of potential prognostic indicators particularly important. The Ki67 and BCL2 proteins are known prognostic markers for different types of cancer. Ki67 is associated with cell proliferation, whereas BCL2 has antiproliferative roles. A combined marker based on these opposite functions might provide improved prognostic information in gastric cancer. METHOD Ki67 and BCL2 expression was assessed in 276 gastric adenocarcinoma tissue microarrays. A Ki67/BCL2 index based on the relative expression of each protein was divided into low- and high-risk groups using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS A high Ki67/BCL2 index significantly correlated with advanced stage, recurrence, intestinal type, high histologic grade, and lymphatic and perineural invasion (all p < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed a significant relationship between disease-free or overall survival and the Ki67/BCL2 index in intestinal-type gastric cancer (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A combined marker using Ki67 and BCL2 could be a useful indicator for predicting survival in patients with intestinal-type gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyueng-Whan Min
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea
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Doll CM, Moughan J, Klimowicz A, Ho CK, Kornaga EN, Lees-Miller SP, Ajani JA, Crane CH, Kachnic LA, Okawara GS, Berk LB, Roof KS, Becker MJ, Grisell DL, Ellis RJ, Sperduto PW, Marsa GW, Guha C, Magliocco AM. Significance of Co-expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Ki67 on Clinical Outcome in Patients With Anal Cancer Treated With Chemoradiotherapy: An Analysis of NRG Oncology RTOG 9811. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017; 97:554-562. [PMID: 28126304 PMCID: PMC5687248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure co-expression of EGFR and Ki67 proteins in pretreatment tumor biopsies of anal cancer patients enrolled on NRG Oncology RTOG 9811, a phase III trial comparing 5-fluorouracil/mitomycin-C/radiation therapy (Arm A) versus 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin/radiation therapy (Arm B), and to correlate expression with clinical outcome. METHODS AND MATERIALS EGFR and Ki67 co-expression was measured after constructing a tissue microarray using fluorescence immunohistochemistry and automated quantitative image analysis. The Ki67 score within EGFR high versus low areas (Ki67ratio in EGFRhigh:low) in each tumor core was analyzed at the median, quartiles, and as a continuous variable. Associations between the tumor markers and clinical endpoints (overall and disease-free survival, locoregional and colostomy failure, and distant metastases) were explored. RESULTS A total of 282 pretreatment tumors were analyzed from NRG Oncology RTOG 9811. Of evaluated specimens, 183 (65%, n=89, Arm A; n=94, Arm B) were eligible and analyzable. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics or outcomes between analyzable and unanalyzable patient cases. Median follow-up was 6.0 years. On multivariate analysis, after adjusting for gender, patients with Ki67ratio in EGFRhigh:low ≥median had worse overall survival (hazard ratio 2.41, 95% confidence interval 1.38-4.19, P=.0019). After adjusting for N stage and largest tumor dimension, patients with Ki67ratio in EGFRhigh:low ≥ median had a higher risk of a disease-free failure (hazard ratio 1.85, 95% confidence interval 1.18-2.92, P=.0078). Technical validation with an independent anal cancer patient cohort was performed and shows a very similar biomarker score distribution. CONCLUSIONS High Ki67ratio in EGFRhigh:low is associated with worse clinical outcome in this subset of patients with anal cancer treated with chemoradiation on NRG Oncology RTOG 9811. Evaluation within a clinical trial will be required to determine whether patients with these tumor characteristics may specifically benefit from an EGFR-targeted therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Moughan
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Clement K Ho
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Jaffer A Ajani
- University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Lisa A Kachnic
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gordon S Okawara
- McMaster University Juravinski Cancer Center, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence B Berk
- Mount Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP), Miami Beach, Florida
| | - Kevin S Roof
- Southeast Cancer Control Consortium, Inc, CCOP, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | - Gerald W Marsa
- Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program CCOP, Toledo, Ohio
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Min KW, Kim DH, Do SI, Pyo JS, Chae SW, Sohn JH, Kim K, Lee HJ, Kim DH, Oh S, Choi SH, Park YL, Park CH, Kwon MJ, Moon KM. High Ki67/BCL2 index is associated with worse outcome in early stage breast cancer. Postgrad Med J 2016; 92:707-714. [DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lin JD, Fu SS, Chen JY, Lee CH, Chau WK, Cheng CW, Wang YH, Lin YF, Fang WF, Tang KT. Clinical Manifestations and Gene Expression in Patients with Conventional Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Carrying the BRAF(V600E) Mutation and BRAF Pseudogene. Thyroid 2016; 26:691-704. [PMID: 26914762 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of BRAF(V600E) with the clinical manifestations of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains controversial. Recent studies have shown that the BRAF pseudogene can activate the MAPK pathway and induce tumorigenesis. This study investigated the association of BRAF(V600E), the BRAF pseudogene, and their mRNA levels with clinical features and thyroid-specific gene expression in conventional PTCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 78 specimens were collected from patients with conventional PTCs. RNA was isolated, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the mRNA levels of BRAF, the BRAF pseudogene, and thyroid-specific and tumor-related genes. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of BRAF, ERK, sodium-iodide symporter (NIS), thyrotropin receptor, glucose transporter 1, and Ki67 was also performed. RESULTS BRAF(V600E) and the BRAF pseudogene were detected in 73.0% (57/78) and 91.7% (44/48), respectively, of the conventional PTCs. The presence of BRAF(V600E) was not associated with the multiple clinical features assessed or the recurrence rate during 76.9 ± 47.2 months of follow-up. Neither was it associated with IHC staining or tumor-related/thyroid-specific gene expression, except for decreased NIS gene expression. The BRAF pseudogene was not associated with clinical characteristics or thyroid-specific gene expression, except for decreased decoy receptor 3 (DCR3) expression. High BRAF mRNA levels were associated with bilateral and multifocal lesions, and BRAF-pseudogene mRNA levels were positively correlated with BRAF mRNA levels (r = 0.415, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION These results do not support the use of the BRAF(V600E) mutation as a prognostic marker of conventional PTC. However, the association of high BRAF mRNA levels with more advanced clinical features suggests that BRAF mRNA levels might be a more useful clinical marker of PTCs, independent of the BRAF(V600E) mutation status. The correlation between BRAF-pseudogene mRNA levels and BRAF mRNA levels in PTCs is in agreement with the hypothesis that the BRAF pseudogene regulates BRAF expression during tumorigenesis by acting as competitive noncoding RNA. However, additional studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Diann Lin
- 1 Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
- 2 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital , Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- 3 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuai-Shuai Fu
- 4 Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yu Chen
- 5 Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsen Lee
- 5 Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wing-Keung Chau
- 6 Division of Hematology and Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wen Cheng
- 1 Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- 1 Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
- 7 Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital , Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- 1 Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
- 8 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital , Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fang Fang
- 9 Department of Family Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital , Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kam-Tsun Tang
- 10 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan
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Haghniaz R, Umrani RD, Paknikar KM. Hyperthermia mediated by dextran-coated La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanoparticles: in vivo studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1779-91. [PMID: 27175076 PMCID: PMC4854252 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s104617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate radiofrequency-induced dextran-coated lanthanum strontium manganese oxide nanoparticles-mediated hyperthermia to be used for tumor regression in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nanoparticles were injected intra-tumorally in melanoma-bearing C57BL/6J mice and were subjected to radiofrequency treatment. RESULTS Hyperthermia treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth (~84%), increased survival (~50%), and reduced tumor proliferation in mice. Histopathological examination demonstrated immense cell death in treated tumors. DNA fragmentation, increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick end labeling signal, and elevated levels of caspase-3 and caspase-6 suggested apoptotic cell death. Enhanced catalase activity suggested reactive oxygen species-mediated cell death. Enhanced expression of heat shock proteins 70 and 90 in treated tumors suggested the possible development of "antitumor immunity". CONCLUSION The dextran-coated lanthanum strontium manganese oxide-mediated hyperthermia can be used for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rinku D Umrani
- Centre for Nanobioscience, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India
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Wan JH, Ma XX, Qiao ZT, Li J. Clinical significance of expression of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase N2 and proliferation cell nuclear antigen in hepatocellular carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:5768-5774. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i36.5768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the correlation of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase N2 (PTPRN2) and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (Ki-67) expression with clinical parameters in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: We collected 186 HCC specimens from patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 180 tumor adjacent normal liver tissues, and 138 non-neoplastic distant tissues. The expression of PTPRN2 and Ki-67 proteins was examined by immunohistochemistry in the above tissues.
RESULTS: The positive expression rates of PTPRN2 and Ki-67 were 55.9% and 49.5%, respectively. The positive expression of PTPRN2 was correlated with serum AFP level, tumor size, TNM stage, and histopathological differentiation (P < 0.05). The expression of Ki-67 was correlated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and histopathological differentiation (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between PTPRN2 and Ki-67 expression (r = -0.161, P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The high expression of PTPRN2 and Ki-67 is closely associated with HCC development, but there is no significant correlation between them.
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Yamashita N, Tokunaga E, Kitao H, Hitchins M, Inoue Y, Tanaka K, Hisamatsu Y, Taketani K, Akiyoshi S, Okada S, Oda Y, Saeki H, Oki E, Maehara Y. Epigenetic Inactivation of BRCA1 Through Promoter Hypermethylation and Its Clinical Importance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2015. [PMID: 26195437 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has many similarities with basal-like breast cancer. Additionally, TNBCs are associated with Breast cancer susceptibility gene I (BRCA1) functional loss, which leads to impaired homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair. Although somatic mutations in BRCA1 rarely occur in sporadic breast cancer, lower than normal rates of expression of BRCA1 is reported to be an important factor that contributes to tumorigenesis in sporadic tumors. The epigenetic inactivation of BRCA1 expression might thus play an important role in sporadic breast cancer cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS Breast cancer specimens were obtained from 69 TNBC and 161 non-TNBC patients who underwent surgery without neoadjuvant systemic therapy. BRCA1 promoter methylation status was investigated using combined bisulfite and restriction analysis. BRCA1 mRNA expression was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and BRCA1 protein expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS BRCA1 promoter methylation was found in 11 tumors and all of these were in TNBC cases (P < .0001). BRCA1 promoter methylation was significantly associated with lymphovessel invasion (P = .02), high nuclear grade (P = .05), low BRCA1 mRNA expression (P < .0001), and loss of BRCA1 protein expression (P = .0015). BRCA1 promoter methylation was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (P = .038). CONCLUSION BRCA1 promotor methylation was found only in TNBC cases and the methylated cases account for 16% of TNBC. BRCA1 promoter methylation was significantly associated with reduced BRCA1 expression, aggressive phenotype, and poor prognosis. BRCA1 promoter methylation is an important mechanism that leads to functional loss of BRCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Yamashita
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eriko Tokunaga
- Department of Comprehensive Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kitao
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Megan Hitchins
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Yuka Inoue
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Tanaka
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hisamatsu
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Taketani
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sayuri Akiyoshi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Okada
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Moradzadeh Khiavi M, Rostami A, Hamishekar H, Mesgari Abassi M, Aghbali A, Salehi R, Abdollahi B, Fotoohi S, Sina M. Therapeutic Efficacy of Orally Delivered Doxorubicin Nanoparticles in Rat Tongue Cancer Induced by 4-Nitroquinoline 1-Oxide. Adv Pharm Bull 2015; 5:209-16. [PMID: 26236659 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2015.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral cancer is one of the most significant cancers in the world, and squamous cell carcinoma makes up about 94% of oral malignancies. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of doxorubicin plus methotrexate - loaded nanoparticles on tongue squamous cell carcinoma induced by 4NQO and compare it with the commercial doxorubicin and methotrexate delivered orally on seventy SD male rats. METHODS 70 rats were divided into five groups. During the study, the animals were weighed by a digital scale once a week. Number of mortalities was recorded in the data collection forms. At the end of the treatment, biopsy samples were taken from rat tongues in order to evaluate the severity of dysplasia and the extent of cell proliferation. The results were analyzed using ANOVA, descriptive statistics and chi-square test. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was found in the mean weight of five groups (p>0.05). No significant relationship was found between groups and mortality rate (P = 0. 39). In addition, there was a significant relationship between groups and the degree of dysplasia (P <0.001). The statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between groups and the rate of cell proliferation (p <0.001). CONCLUSION The results of the present study showed that the use of doxorubicin plus methotrexate - loaded nanoparticles orally had more therapeutic effects than commercial doxorubicin plus methotrexate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monir Moradzadeh Khiavi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahamd Rostami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishekar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Amirala Aghbali
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bita Abdollahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Fotoohi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmud Sina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Polioudakis D, Abell NS, Iyer VR. MiR-191 Regulates Primary Human Fibroblast Proliferation and Directly Targets Multiple Oncogenes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126535. [PMID: 25992613 PMCID: PMC4439112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs play a central role in numerous pathologies including multiple cancer types. miR-191 has predominantly been studied as an oncogene, but the role of miR-191 in the proliferation of primary cells is not well characterized, and the miR-191 targetome has not been experimentally profiled. Here we utilized RNA induced silencing complex immunoprecipitations as well as gene expression profiling to construct a genome wide miR-191 target profile. We show that miR-191 represses proliferation in primary human fibroblasts, identify multiple proto-oncogenes as novel miR-191 targets, including CDK9, NOTCH2, and RPS6KA3, and present evidence that miR-191 extensively mediates target expression through coding sequence (CDS) pairing. Our results provide a comprehensive genome wide miR-191 target profile, and demonstrate miR-191’s regulation of primary human fibroblast proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon Polioudakis
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nathan S. Abell
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vishwanath R. Iyer
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kilickap S, Kaya Y, Yucel B, Tuncer E, Babacan NA, Elagoz S. Higher Ki67 expression is associates with unfavorable prognostic factors and shorter survival in breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:1381-5. [PMID: 24606469 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.3.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of the Ki67 expression level is yet unclear in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Ki67 expression levels and prognostic factors such as grade, Her2 and hormone receptor expression status in breast cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and pathological features of the patients with breast cancer were retreived from the hospital records. RESULTS In this study, 163 patients with breast cancer were analyzed, with a mean age of 53.4±12.2 years. Median Ki67 positivity was 20% and Ki67-high tumors were significantly associated with high grade (p<0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.001), estrogen receptor (ER) negativity (p=0.035), Her2 positivity (p=0.001), advanced stage (p<0.001) and lymph node positivity (p<0.003) . Lower Ki67 levels were significantly associated with longer median relapse-free and overall survival compared to those of higher Ki67 levels. CONCLUSIONS High Ki67 expression is associated with ER negativity, Her2 positivity, higher grade and axillary lymph node involvement in breast cancers. The level of Ki67 expression is a prognostic factor predicting relapse-free and overall survival in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadettin Kilickap
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Institute of Cancer, Turkey E-mail :
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Prognostic value of ki-67 in breast carcinoma: tissue microarray method versus whole section analysis- potentials and pitfalls. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 21:315-24. [PMID: 25096394 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In our study we have compared the prognostic value of two distinct methods of immunohistochemical Ki-67 determination, tissue microarray (TMA) and classical whole section analysis. "Cut-off" values were used according to the 2009 St. Gallen Consensus. Tissue specimens were obtained from a consecutive retrospective series of 215 female patients with primary invasive tumours. Two hundred and thirteen patients were included in the study. Data on Ki-67 was collected by both tissue microarray (TMA) and whole section analysis. Follow up data on overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were collected. Median follow-up was 95 months (range from 7.8 through 107 months). Mutual correlation of two Ki-67 determination methods was non-significant (Person's r = 0.13417; p = 0.0528). There was statistically significant association of whole section Ki-67 expression with histological and nuclear grade, progesterone receptor and HER2/neu status. The expression of Ki-67 protein in TMAs correlated only with histological and nuclear grade, but not with other traditional clinicopathological factors. Statistically significant differences in DFS (p = 0.0156) and OS (p = 0.0028) were confirmed between subgroups with low and high whole section Ki-67 expression. When subgroups with high and intermediate expression were compared, significant difference was found in DFS (p = 0.0272), but not in OS (p = 0.0624). On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference either in DFS, or in OS, according to the expression of Ki-67 in TMAs (p = 0.6529; p = 0.7883; p = 0.7966 for DFS, and p = 0.8917; p = 0.6448; p = 0.4323 for OS, respectively). In our study, classical whole section was superior to TMA analysis in terms of prognosis and clinicopathological correlation. Our results indicate that the method used may have impact on prognostic significance of Ki-67. Further studies are needed, covering a greater number of patients and including a precisely defined stage and treatment patient cohorts, in order to solve controversies in Ki-67 assessment methodology.
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Chang YC, Huang YS, Huang CS, Chen JH, Chang RF. Intrinsic subtypes and tumor grades in breast cancer are associated with distinct 3-D power Doppler sonographic vascular features. Eur J Radiol 2014; 83:1368-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pharmacodynamic and pharmacogenomic study of the nanoparticle conjugate of camptothecin CRLX101 for the treatment of cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1477-86. [PMID: 24768630 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CRLX101 is a nanopharmaceutical consisting of cyclodextrin-based polymer molecule and camptothecin. The CRLX101 nanoparticle is designed to concentrate and slowly release camptothecin in tumors over an extended period of time. Tumor biopsy and blood samples collected from patients with advanced solid malignancies before and after CRLX101 treatment are subjected to immunohistochemistry and pharmacogenomics. The expression of Topoisomerase-1, Ki-67, CaIX, CD31 and VEGF decreased after CRLX101 treatment. The expressions of these proteins are inversely proportional with survival duration of the patients. The Drug Metabolism Enzymes and Transporters (DMET) array shows an allele frequency in patients similar to global populations with none of the SNPs associated with toxicity. The results suggest that the observed lower toxicity is not likely to be due to different genotypes in SNPs. CRLX101 demonstrates a promising anti-tumor activity in heavily pre-treated or treatment-refractory solid tumor malignancies presumably by inhibition of proliferation and angiogenesis correlating with tumor growth inhibition. From the clinical editor: In this cancer treatment study clinical samples collected from patients were subjected to immunohistochemistry and pharmacogenomics. The expressions of key proteins that are inversely proportional with survival duration of the patients decreased after treatment with CRLX101, a camptothecin slow-release nanoparticle conjugate. This anti-tumor activity in heavily pre-treated and treatment resistant solid tumors, promises a novel therapeutic approach.
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Fang L, Cheng Q, Li W, Liu J, Li L, Xu K, Zheng J. Antitumor activities of an oncolytic adenovirus equipped with a double siRNA targeting Ki67 and hTERT in renal cancer cells. Virus Res 2014; 181:61-71. [PMID: 24463503 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference has been proven to be a powerful tool for gene knockdown. Our previous study demonstrated that a Ki67 shRNA carried by an adenovirus reduced Ki67 expression. In this study, we constructed novel oncolytic adenoviruses in which the Ki67 core promoter drove expression of the E1A gene. These adenoviruses were equipped with either a Ki67 small interfering RNA (siRNA), a human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) siRNA or a double siRNA targeting Ki67 and hTERT. We identified the antitumor activities of oncolytic adenoviruses in 3 renal cancer cell lines, human normal renal tube cell HK-2 and also in nude mice bearing KETR-3-xenografted tumors. Our results showed that these oncolytic adenoviruses, especially Ki67-ZXC2-double siRNA, could effectively induce silencing of the Ki67 and hTERT genes, allow efficient viral replication and induce significant apoptosis of renal cancer cells in vitro and in nude mice. We concluded that a dual siRNA mediated by oncolytic virotherapy could be an effective strategy for cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Wang Li
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Liantao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China.
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China; Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China.
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The effect of metformin on apoptosis in a breast cancer presurgical trial. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2792-7. [PMID: 24157825 PMCID: PMC3844911 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metformin has been associated with antitumour activity in breast cancer (BC) but its mechanism remains unclear. We determined whether metformin induced a modulation of apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) overall and by insulin resistance status in a presurgical trial. Methods: Apoptosis was analysed in core biopsies and in surgical samples from 100 non-diabetic BC patients participating in a randomised trial of metformin vs placebo given for 4 weeks before surgery. Results: Eighty-seven subjects (45 on metformin and 42 on placebo) were assessable for TUNEL measurement at both time points. TUNEL levels at surgery were higher than that at baseline core biopsy (P<0.0001), although no difference between arms was noted (metformin arm: median difference surgery-biopsy levels +4%, interquartile range (IQR): 2–12; placebo arm: +2%, IQR: 0–8, P=0.2). Ki67 labelling index and TUNEL levels were directly correlated both at baseline and surgery (Spearman's r=0.51, P<0.0001). In the 59 women without insulin resistance (HOMA index<2.8) ,there was a higher level of TUNEL at surgery on metformin vs placebo (median difference on metformin +4%, IQR: 2–14 vs +2%, IQR: 0–7 on placebo), whereas an opposite trend was found in the 28 women with insulin resistance (median difference on metformin +2%, IQR: 0–6, vs +5%, IQR: 0–15 on placebo, P-interaction=0.1). Conclusion: Overall, we found no significant modulation of apoptosis by metformin, although there was a trend to a different effect according to insulin resistance status, with a pattern resembling Ki67 changes. Apoptosis was significantly higher in the surgical specimens compared with baseline biopsy and was directly correlated with Ki67. Our findings provide additional evidence for a dual effect of metformin on BC growth according to insulin resistance status.
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Chen JQ, Bao Y, Lee J, Murray JL, Litton JK, Xiao L, Zhou R, Wu Y, Shen XY, Zhang H, Sahin AA, Katz RL, Bondy ML, Berinstein NL, Hortobagyi GN, Radvanyi LG. Prognostic value of the trichorhinophalangeal syndrome-1 (TRPS-1), a GATA family transcription factor, in early-stage breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:2534-2542. [PMID: 23729783 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TRPS-1 is a new GATA transcription factor that is differentially expressed in breast cancer (BC) where it been found recently to regulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). PATIENTS AND METHODS We carried out a quantitative immunohistochemistry (qIHC) analysis of TRPS-1 expression in 341 primary-stage I-III BC samples in relation to patient clinical characteristics as well as its prognostic value, especially in an estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) subgroup. RESULTS Higher TRPS-1 expression was significantly associated with a number of clinical and pathological characteristics as well as with improved overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Among stage I/II ER+ BC patients who received endocrine therapy alone, those with high TRPS-1 expression had significantly longer OS and DFS. There was also a strong association between TRPS-1 levels and the EMT marker E-cadherin in the ER+ invasive ductal carcinoma cases. Analysis of gene expression data on a panel of BC lines found that TRPS-1 expression was low or absent in BC lines having enriched mesenchymal features. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that TRPS-1 is an independent prognostic marker in early-stage BC and a new EMT marker that can distinguish patients with ER+ BC who will respond longer to adjuvant endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Q Chen
- Departments of Breast Medical Oncology; Melanoma Medical Oncology
| | - Y Bao
- Departments of Breast Medical Oncology; Melanoma Medical Oncology
| | | | | | | | - L Xiao
- Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA; Department of Pathology, Shanghai Huadong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - R Zhou
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - Y Wu
- Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - X Y Shen
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Administration Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - H Zhang
- Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - A A Sahin
- Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - R L Katz
- Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - M L Bondy
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | | | | | - L G Radvanyi
- Departments of Breast Medical Oncology; Melanoma Medical Oncology.
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Stephen RM, Pagel MD, Brown K, Baker AF, Meuillet EJ, Gillies RJ. Monitoring the development of xenograft triple-negative breast cancer models using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 237:1273-80. [PMID: 23239438 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.011326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluations of tumor growth rates and molecular biomarkers are traditionally used to assess new mouse models of human breast cancers. This study investigated the utility of diffusion weighted (DW)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating cellular proliferation of new tumor models of triple-negative breast cancer, which may augment traditional analysis methods. Eleven human breast cancer cell lines were used to develop xenograft tumors in severe combined immunodeficient mice, with two of these cell lines exhibiting sufficient growth to be serially passaged. DW-MRI was performed to measure the distributions of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in these two tumor xenograft models, which showed a correlation with tumor growth rates and doubling times during each passage. The distributions of the ADC values were also correlated with expression of Ki67, a biomarker of cell proliferation, and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), which are essential proteins involved in regulating aerobic glycolysis and angiogenesis that support tumor cell proliferation. Although phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) levels were different between the two xenograft models, AKT levels did not differ nor did they correlate with tumor growth. This last result demonstrates the complexity of signaling protein pathways and the difficulty in interpreting the effects of protein expression on tumor cell proliferation. In contrast, DW-MRI may be a more direct assessment of tumor growth and cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu M Stephen
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Jensen MM, Erichsen KD, Johnbeck CB, Björkling F, Madsen J, Jensen PB, Sehested M, Højgaard L, Kjær A. [18F]FDG and [18F]FLT positron emission tomography imaging following treatment with belinostat in human ovary cancer xenografts in mice. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:168. [PMID: 23548101 PMCID: PMC3621527 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Belinostat is a histone deacetylase inhibitor with anti-tumor effect in several pre-clinical tumor models and clinical trials. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in cell proliferation and glucose uptake by use of 3'-deoxy-3'-[(18)F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) and 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) following treatment with belinostat in ovarian cancer in vivo models. METHODS In vivo uptake of [18F]FLT and [18F]FDG in human ovary cancer xenografts in mice (A2780) were studied after treatment with belinostat. Mice were divided in 2 groups receiving either belinostat (40 mg/kg ip twice daily Day 0-4 and 6-10) or vehicle. Baseline [18F]FLT or [18F]FDG scans were made before treatment (Day 0) and repeated at Day 3, 6 and 10. Tracer uptake was quantified using small animal PET/CT. RESULTS Tumors in the belinostat group had volumes that were 462 ± 62% (640 mm(3)) at Day 10 relative to baseline which was significantly different (P = 0.011) from the control group 769 ± 74% (926 mm(3)). [18F]FLT SUVmax increased from baseline to Day 10 (+30 ± 9%; P = 0.048) in the control group. No increase was observed in the treatment group. [18F]FDG SUVmean was significantly different in the treatment group compared to the control group (P = 0.0023) at Day 10. Within treatment groups [18F]FDG uptake and to a lesser extent [18F]FLT uptake at Day 3 were significantly correlated with tumor growth at Day 10. CONCLUSIONS [18F]FDG uptake early following treatment initiation predicted tumor sizes at Day 10, suggesting that [18F]FDG may be a valuable biomarker for non-invasive assessment of anti-tumor activity of belinostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Munk Jensen
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 12.3.11, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark.
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Abstract
New approaches to the prognostic assessment of breast cancer have come from molecular profiling studies. A major feature of this work has been to emphasise the importance of cancer cell proliferation as a key discriminative indicator of recurrence risk for oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer in particular. Mitotic count scoring, as a component of histopathological grade, has long formed part of a routine evaluation of breast cancer biology. However, there is an increasingly compelling case to include a specific proliferation score in breast cancer pathology reports based on expression of the cell cycle regulated protein Ki67. Immunohistochemical staining for Ki67 is a widely available and economical test with good tolerance of pre-analytical variations and staining conditions. However, there is currently no evidence based protocol established to derive a reliable and informative Ki67 score for routine clinical use. In this circumstance, pathologists must establish a standardised framework for scoring Ki67 and communicating results to a multidisciplinary team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Pathmanathan
- Westmead Breast Cancer Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
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Carneiro MLB, Peixoto RCA, Joanitti GA, Oliveira RGS, Telles LAM, Miranda-Vilela AL, Bocca AL, Vianna LMS, da Silva ICR, de Souza AR, Lacava ZGM, Báo SN. Antitumor effect and toxicity of free rhodium (II) citrate and rhodium (II) citrate-loaded maghemite nanoparticles in mice bearing breast cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2013; 11:4. [PMID: 23414068 PMCID: PMC3598481 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-11-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic fluids containing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles represent an attractive platform as nanocarriers in chemotherapy. Recently, we developed a formulation of maghemite nanoparticles coated with rhodium (II) citrate, which resulted in in vitro cytotoxicity enhanced up to 4.6 times when compared to free rhodium (II) citrate formulation on breast carcinoma cells. In this work, we evaluate the antitumor activity and toxicity induced by these formulations in Balb/c mice bearing orthotopic 4T1 breast carcinoma. METHODS Mice were evaluated with regard to the treatments' toxicity through analyses of hemogram, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, iron, and creatinine; DNA fragmentation and cell cycle of bone marrow cells; and liver, kidney and lung histology. In addition, the antitumor activity of rhodium (II) citrate and maghemite nanoparticles coated with rhodium (II) citrate was verified by tumor volume reduction, histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Regarding the treatments' toxicity, no experimental groups had alterations in levels of serum ALT or creatinine, and this suggestion was corroborated by the histopathologic examination of liver and kidney of mice. Moreover, DNA fragmentation frequency of bone marrow cells was lower than 15% in all experimental groups. On the other hand, the complexes rhodium (II) citrate-functionalized maghemite and free rhodium (II) citrate led to a marked growth inhibition of tumor and decrease in CD31 and Ki-67 staining. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we demonstrated that both rhodium (II) citrate and maghemite nanoparticles coated with rhodium (II) citrate formulations exhibited antitumor effects against 4T1 metastatic breast cancer cell line following intratumoral administration. This antitumor effect was followed by inhibition of both cell proliferation and microvascularization and by tumor tissue injury characterized as necrosis and fibrosis. Remarkably, this is the first published report demonstrating the therapeutic efficacy of maghemite nanoparticles coated with rhodium (II) citrate. This treatment prolonged the survival period of treated mice without inducing apparent systemic toxicity, which strengthens its use for future breast cancer therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Lemos Brettas Carneiro
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), 70.910-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Raphael CA Peixoto
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), 70.910-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Graziela A Joanitti
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), 70.910-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Ricardo GS Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), 70.910-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Luis AM Telles
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), 70.910-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Ana L Miranda-Vilela
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), 70.910-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Anamélia L Bocca
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), 70.910-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Leonora MS Vianna
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, 70.919-970, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | | | - Aparecido R de Souza
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74.001-970, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Zulmira GM Lacava
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), 70.910-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Sônia N Báo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), 70.910-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil
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Cintra JRD, Teixeira MTB, Diniz RW, Gonçalves Junior H, Florentino TM, Freitas GFD, Oliveira LRM, Neves MTDR, Pereira T, Guerra MR. Immunohistochemical profile and clinical-pathological variables in breast cancer. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2013. [PMID: 22569612 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42302012000200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the main characteristics of women with breast cancer, according to the immunohistochemical profile. METHODS The population comprised a hospital cohort, consisting of women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2003 and 2005 (n = 601) and treated at a referral center for cancer care in Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. Only 397 women who had complete immunohistochemistry analysis were selected. To define the groups according to the immunohistochemical profile, the assessment of estrogen and progesterone receptors, Ki-67 cell proliferation index, and overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) was chosen. According to the different phenotypes, five subtypes were defined: luminal A, luminal B HER2 negative, luminal B HER2 positive, triple negative, and HER2 overexpression. RESULTS Most patients were white (80.7%) and post-menopausal (64.9%), with a mean age of 57.4 years (± 13.5). At diagnosis, 57.5% had tumor size > 2.0 cm, and 41.7% had lymph node involvement. The most common subtypes were luminal B - HER2 negative (41.8%) and triple negative (24.2%). In the luminal A subtype, 72.1% of patients were post-menopausal, while the highest percentage of premenopausal women were observed in the luminal B - HER2 positive and triple negative subtypes (45.2% and 44.2%, respectively). A higher frequency of tumors > 2.0 cm and lymph node involvement was observed in triple negative and HER2 positive subtypes. CONCLUSION This study allowed the distribution assessment of the main clinical and pathological characteristics and those related to health services in a cohort of Brazilian women with breast cancer, according to the immunohistochemical tumor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Rocha Duarte Cintra
- Program of Medical Residence of Hospital 9 de Julho – Instituto Oncológico de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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Polioudakis D, Bhinge AA, Killion PJ, Lee BK, Abell NS, Iyer VR. A Myc-microRNA network promotes exit from quiescence by suppressing the interferon response and cell-cycle arrest genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:2239-54. [PMID: 23303785 PMCID: PMC3575845 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition of mammalian cells from quiescence to proliferation is accompanied by the differential expression of several microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors. However, the interplay between transcription factors and miRNAs in modulating gene regulatory networks involved in human cell proliferation is largely unknown. Here we show that the miRNA miR-22 promotes proliferation in primary human cells, and through a combination of Argonaute-2 immunoprecipitation and reporter assays, we identified multiple novel targets of miR-22, including several cell-cycle arrest genes that mediate the effects of the tumor-suppressor p53. In addition, we found that miR-22 suppresses interferon gene expression by directly targeting high mobility group box-1 and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-5, preventing activation of IRF3 and NF-κB, which are activators of interferon genes. The expression of interferon genes is elevated in quiescent cells and their expression is inhibitory for cell proliferation. In addition, we find that miR-22 is activated by the transcription factor Myc when quiescent cells enter proliferation and that miR-22 inhibits the Myc transcriptional repressor MXD4, mediating a feed-forward loop to elevate Myc expression levels. Our results implicate miR-22 in downregulating the anti-proliferative p53 and interferon pathways and reveal a new transcription factor–miRNA network that regulates the transition of primary human cells from quiescence to proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon Polioudakis
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, and Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A4800, Austin, Texas 78712-0159, USA
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50
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Abstract
During the last decade, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) have procured advances in research and clinical application of fusion imaging. The recent introduction of systems that combine PET and MRI opens new horizons for multimodality molecular imaging. These systems offer simultaneous morphologic, functional, and molecular information of a living system. Moreover, other combinations of anatomic and functional imaging modalities (for example CT and MRI or PET and optical imaging) are emerging, holding promise in basic medical research or in clinical medicine. These developments are paralleled by advances in the field of biomolecules and particles, to provide new agents useful for more than one imaging modality and to facilitate the study of the same target by different imaging devices. In the near future PET/MRI may emerge as a new powerful multimodality technique in clinical oncology, offering considerable potential for imaging applications beyond correlation of functional and anatomic images. Future developments should include the simultaneous acquisition of multifunctional data such as PET tracer uptake, MR spectroscopy, or fMRI along with high-resolution anatomic MRI.
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