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Kong L, Chen Y, Shen Y, Zhang D, Wei C, Lai J, Hu S. Progress and Implications from Genetic Studies of Bipolar Disorder. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:1160-1172. [PMID: 38206551 PMCID: PMC11306703 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
With the advancements in gene sequencing technologies, including genome-wide association studies, polygenetic risk scores, and high-throughput sequencing, there has been a tremendous advantage in mapping a detailed blueprint for the genetic model of bipolar disorder (BD). To date, intriguing genetic clues have been identified to explain the development of BD, as well as the genetic association that might be applied for the development of susceptibility prediction and pharmacogenetic intervention. Risk genes of BD, such as CACNA1C, ANK3, TRANK1, and CLOCK, have been found to be involved in various pathophysiological processes correlated with BD. Although the specific roles of these genes have yet to be determined, genetic research on BD will help improve the prevention, therapeutics, and prognosis in clinical practice. The latest preclinical and clinical studies, and reviews of the genetics of BD, are analyzed in this review, aiming to summarize the progress in this intriguing field and to provide perspectives for individualized, precise, and effective clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhuo Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yiqing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yuting Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Danhua Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chen Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianbo Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, and MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, and MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Huang D, He J, Zhang R, Zhong S, Lai S, Jia Y. Sex differences in serum trace elements and minerals levels in unmedicated patients with major depressive episode: The role of suicidal ideation. J Affect Disord 2024; 348:26-34. [PMID: 38086449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to examine the influence of gender on serum trace elements and minerals levels in depression, as well as the impact of suicidal ideation (SI) on these gender dimorphisms. METHODS A total of 260 unmedicated patients with a current major depressive episode were enrolled. The Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation was utilized to evaluate SI. The serum levels of copper, zinc, iron, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were quantified. RESULTS Within the non-SI (NSI) group, females exhibited higher levels of copper (p = 0.001) and phosphorus (p = 0.008), and lower levels of zinc (p = 0.022) and calcium (p = 0.008) compared to males. Conversely, no discernible gender disparities were observed in the SI group (all p > 0.05). Also, no group differences in these trace elements/minerals were observed between the SI and NSI groups (all p > 0.05). Notably, serum iron levels exhibited a significant group-by-sex interaction effect (p = 0.024). Further analysis revealed that iron levels were higher in the SI group than in the NSI group among females (p = 0.048), but lower in females than in males within the NSI group (p < 0.001). Moreover, a positive association between the fourth quantile of serum iron and SI was detected in females (odds ratio [OR] = 2.88, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-8.11). CONCLUSIONS Gender effects on serum trace element/mineral levels were different in depressed patients with and without SI. Female patients were susceptible to SI when serum iron was at the upper end of normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiali He
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Rongxu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shunkai Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Lam XJ, Xu B, Yeo PL, Cheah PS, Ling KH. Mitochondria dysfunction and bipolar disorder: From pathology to therapy. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:407-418. [PMID: 37388495 PMCID: PMC10300489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the major psychiatric diseases in which the impairment of mitochondrial functions has been closely connected or associated with the disease pathologies. Different lines of evidence of the close connection between mitochondria dysfunction and BD were discussed with a particular focus on (1) dysregulation of energy metabolism, (2) effect of genetic variants, (3) oxidative stress, cell death and apoptosis, (4) dysregulated calcium homeostasis and electrophysiology, and (5) current as well as potential treatments targeting at restoring mitochondrial functions. Currently, pharmacological interventions generally provide limited efficacy in preventing relapses or recovery from mania or depression episodes. Thus, understanding mitochondrial pathology in BD will lead to novel agents targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and formulating new effective therapy for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jieh Lam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Unversiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bingzhe Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 Daxuecheng Outer Ring E Rd, Panyu Qu, Guangzhou Shi, Guangdong 511434, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Ling Yeo
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pike-See Cheah
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Unversiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Unversiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ochneva A, Zorkina Y, Abramova O, Pavlova O, Ushakova V, Morozova A, Zubkov E, Pavlov K, Gurina O, Chekhonin V. Protein Misfolding and Aggregation in the Brain: Common Pathogenetic Pathways in Neurodegenerative and Mental Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214498. [PMID: 36430976 PMCID: PMC9695177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders represent common brain diseases characterized by substantial impairments of social and cognitive functions. The neurobiological causes and mechanisms of psychopathologies still have not been definitively determined. Various forms of brain proteinopathies, which include a disruption of protein conformations and the formation of protein aggregates in brain tissues, may be a possible cause behind the development of psychiatric disorders. Proteinopathies are known to be the main cause of neurodegeneration, but much less attention is given to the role of protein impairments in psychiatric disorders' pathogenesis, such as depression and schizophrenia. For this reason, the aim of this review was to discuss the potential contribution of protein illnesses in the development of psychopathologies. The first part of the review describes the possible mechanisms of disruption to protein folding and aggregation in the cell: endoplasmic reticulum stress, dysfunction of chaperone proteins, altered mitochondrial function, and impaired autophagy processes. The second part of the review addresses the known proteins whose aggregation in brain tissue has been observed in psychiatric disorders (amyloid, tau protein, α-synuclein, DISC-1, disbindin-1, CRMP1, SNAP25, TRIOBP, NPAS3, GluA1, FABP, and ankyrin-G).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ochneva
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-915-670-39-35
| | - Yana Zorkina
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Abramova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Pavlova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriya Ushakova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Morozova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Zubkov
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Pavlov
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Gurina
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Chekhonin
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Leninskiy Avenue 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
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de Marco A, Scozia G, Manfredi L, Conversi D. A Systematic Review of Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Bipolar Disorder Comorbid to Substance Abuse. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081303. [PMID: 35893041 PMCID: PMC9330731 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is currently unknown which genetic polymorphisms are involved in substance use disorder (SUD) comorbid with bipolar disorder (BD). The research on polymorphisms in BD comorbid with SUD (BD + SUD) is summarized in this systematic review. We looked for case-control studies that genetically compared adults and adolescents with BD and SUD, healthy controls, and BD without SUD. PRISMA was used to create our protocol, which is PROSPERO-registered (identification: CRD4221270818). The following bibliographic databases were searched indefinitely until December 2021 to identify potentially relevant articles: PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science. This systematic review, after the qualitative analysis of the study selection, included 17 eligible articles. In the selected studies, 66 polymorphisms in 29 genes were investigated. The present work delivers a group of potentially valuable genetic polymorphisms associated with BD + SUD: rs11600996 (ARNTL), rs228642/rs228682/rs2640909 (PER3), PONQ192R (PON1), rs945032 (BDKRB2), rs1131339 (NR4A3), and rs6971 (TSPO). It is important to note that none of those findings have been confirmed by two or more studies; thus, we believe that all the polymorphisms identified in this review require additional evidence to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano de Marco
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.d.M.); (G.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Gabriele Scozia
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.d.M.); (G.S.); (L.M.)
- PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Manfredi
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.d.M.); (G.S.); (L.M.)
| | - David Conversi
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.d.M.); (G.S.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Co-existing bipolar disease and 17q12 deletion: a rare case report. Psychiatr Genet 2022; 32:30-33. [PMID: 34629388 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 17q12 microdeletion syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant chromosomal anomaly, caused by the deletion of a 1.4 Mb-spanning DNA sequence on the long arm of chromosome 17. Herein, we report the first bipolar disease (BPD) case with a 1.6-Mb deletion in the 17q11.2-17q12 chromosome region. MATERIALS AND METHODS Physical examination of the case was performed. Karyotype and microarray analyses were performed for the case and the parents. RESULTS Physical examination revealed mild dysmorphic features such as high and forehead, full cheeks, slightly depressed nasal bridge and arched eyebrow. Chromosomal analysis of the patient revealed 46, XX, del(17)(q12) karyotype, and parents' karyotype were normal. In the microarray analysis of patient, 1.6 megabases deletion was detected in the 17q12 region [arr(hg19) 17q12 (34,611,352-36,248,918) ×1]. The microarray analysis of the mother was normal. The father's microarray showed 473 kilobases duplication in the 11p11.12 region. CONCLUSION Although 17q12 deletion syndrome has been associated with bipolar disorder, very few such cases have been described in the literature. Genetic counseling should be considered in patients with remarkable phenotype, complex symptomatology, neurodevelopmental disorder and additional conspicuous medical conditions.
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Izsak J, Seth H, Theiss S, Hanse E, Illes S. Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Promotes Neuronal Circuit Maturation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived 3D Neural Aggregates. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 14:1044-1059. [PMID: 32521247 PMCID: PMC7355159 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived in vitro neural and organoid models resemble fetal, rather than adult brain properties, indicating that currently applied cultivation media and supplements are insufficient to achieve neural maturation beyond the fetal stage. In vivo, cerebrospinal fluid molecules are regulating the transition of the immature fetal human brain into a mature adult brain. By culturing hiPSC-3D neural aggregates in human cerebrospinal fluid (hCSF) obtained from healthy adult individuals, we demonstrate that hCSF rapidly triggers neurogenesis, gliogenesis, synapse formation, neurite outgrowth, suppresses proliferation of residing neural stem cells, and results in the formation of synchronously active neuronal circuits in vitro within 3 days. Thus, a physiologically relevant and adult brain-like milieu triggers maturation of hiPSC-3D neural aggregates into highly functional neuronal circuits in vitro. The approach presented here opens a new avenue to identify novel physiological factors for the improvement of hiPSC neural in vitro models. Human CSF triggers rapidly multiple maturation processes in human 3D neural models Human CSF triggers human neurogenesis and suppresses neural stem cell proliferation Human CSF triggers human astrocyte development, neurite growth, and synapse formation Human CSF triggers the maturation of neurons into highly functional neuronal circuits
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Izsak
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Seth
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephan Theiss
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Result Medical GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eric Hanse
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Illes
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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8
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Harrison PJ, Hall N, Mould A, Al-Juffali N, Tunbridge EM. Cellular calcium in bipolar disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4106-4116. [PMID: 31801967 PMCID: PMC8550977 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Calcium signalling has long been implicated in bipolar disorder, especially by reports of altered intracellular calcium ion concentrations ([Ca2+]). However, the evidence has not been appraised critically. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of cellular calcium indices in bipolar disorder. 2281 records were identified and 117 screened, of which 32 were eligible and 21 were suitable for meta-analyses. The latter each involved up to 642 patients and 404 control subjects. We found that basal free intracellular [Ca2+] is increased in bipolar disorder, both in platelets and in lymphocytes. The effect size is 0.55, with an estimated elevation of 29%. It is observed in medication-free patients. It is present in mania and bipolar depression, but data are equivocal for euthymia. Cells from bipolar disorder individuals also show an enhanced [Ca2+] response to stimulation with 5-HT or thrombin, by an estimated 25%, with an effect size of 0.63. In studies which included other diagnoses, intracellular basal [Ca2+] was higher in bipolar disorder than in unipolar depression, but not significantly different from schizophrenia. Functional parameters of cellular Ca2+ (e.g. calcium transients), and neuronal [Ca2+], have been much less investigated, and no firm conclusions can be drawn. In summary, there is a robust, medium effect size elevation of basal and stimulated free intracellular [Ca2+] in bipolar disorder. The results suggest altered calcium functioning in the disorder, and encourage further investigations into the underlying mechanisms, and the implications for pathophysiology and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Harrison
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX UK ,grid.451190.80000 0004 0573 576XOxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola Hall
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX UK
| | - Arne Mould
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX UK ,grid.451190.80000 0004 0573 576XOxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Noura Al-Juffali
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX UK ,grid.451190.80000 0004 0573 576XOxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth M. Tunbridge
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX UK ,grid.451190.80000 0004 0573 576XOxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Identification of candidate genetic variants and altered protein expression in neural stem and mature neural cells support altered microtubule function to be an essential component in bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:390. [PMID: 33168801 PMCID: PMC7652854 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of causative genetic variants leading to the development of bipolar disorder (BD) could result in genetic tests that would facilitate diagnosis. A better understanding of affected genes and pathways is also necessary for targeting of genes that may improve treatment strategies. To date several susceptibility genes have been reported from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but little is known about specific variants that affect disease development. Here, we performed quantitative proteomics and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Quantitative proteomics revealed NLRP2 as the most significantly up-regulated protein in neural stem cells and mature neural cells obtained from BD-patient cell samples. These results are in concordance with our previously published transcriptome analysis. Furthermore, the levels of FEZ2 and CADM2 proteins were also significantly differentially expressed in BD compared to control derived cells. The levels of FEZ2 were significantly downregulated in neural stem cells (NSC) while CADM2 was significantly up-regulated in mature neuronal cell culture. Promising novel candidate mutations were identified in the ANK3, NEK3, NEK7, TUBB, ANKRD1, and BRD2 genes. A literature search of candidate variants and deregulated proteins revealed that there are several connections to microtubule function for the molecules putatively involved. Microtubule function in neurons is critical for axon structure and axonal transport. A functional dynamic microtubule is also needed for an advocate response to cellular and environmental stress. If microtubule dynamics is compromised by mutations, it could be followed by deregulated expression forming a possible explanation for the inherited vulnerability to stressful life events that have been proposed to trigger mood episodes in BD patients.
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Izsak J, Vizlin-Hodzic D, Iljin M, Strandberg J, Jadasz J, Olsson Bontell T, Theiss S, Hanse E, Ågren H, Funa K, Illes S. TGF-β1 Suppresses Proliferation and Induces Differentiation in Human iPSC Neural in vitro Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:571332. [PMID: 33195202 PMCID: PMC7655796 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.571332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation is, among others, a hallmark of immaturity in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based neural models. TGF-β1 is known to regulate NSCs in vivo during embryonic development in rodents. Here we examined the role of TGF-β1 as a potential candidate to promote in vitro differentiation of hiPSCs-derived NSCs and maturation of neuronal progenies. We present that TGF-β1 is specifically present in early phases of human fetal brain development. We applied confocal imaging and electrophysiological assessment in hiPSC-NSC and 3D neural in vitro models and demonstrate that TGF-β1 is a signaling protein, which specifically suppresses proliferation, enhances neuronal and glial differentiation, without effecting neuronal maturation. Moreover, we demonstrate that TGF-β1 is equally efficient in enhancing neuronal differentiation of human NSCs as an artificial synthetic small molecule. The presented approach provides a proof-of-concept to replace artificial small molecules with more physiological signaling factors, which paves the way to improve the physiological relevance of human neural developmental in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Izsak
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dzeneta Vizlin-Hodzic
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margarita Iljin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Strandberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Janusz Jadasz
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Olsson Bontell
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephan Theiss
- Result Medical GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eric Hanse
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Keiko Funa
- Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Illes
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Gordovez FJA, McMahon FJ. The genetics of bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:544-559. [PMID: 31907381 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the most heritable mental illnesses, but the elucidation of its genetic basis has proven to be a very challenging endeavor. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have transformed our understanding of BD, providing the first reproducible evidence of specific genetic markers and a highly polygenic architecture that overlaps with that of schizophrenia, major depression, and other disorders. Individual GWAS markers appear to confer little risk, but common variants together account for about 25% of the heritability of BD. A few higher-risk associations have also been identified, such as a rare copy number variant on chromosome 16p11.2. Large scale next-generation sequencing studies are actively searching for other alleles that confer substantial risk. As our understanding of the genetics of BD improves, there is growing optimism that some clear biological pathways will emerge, providing a basis for future studies aimed at molecular diagnosis and novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis James A Gordovez
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, 1000, Ermita, Manila, Philippines
| | - Francis J McMahon
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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12
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Calabrò M, Porcelli S, Crisafulli C, Albani D, Kasper S, Zohar J, Souery D, Montgomery S, Mantovani V, Mendlewicz J, Bonassi S, Vieta E, Frustaci A, Ducci G, Landi S, Boccia S, Bellomo A, Di Nicola M, Janiri L, Colombo R, Benedetti F, Mandelli L, Fabbri C, Serretti A. Genetic variants associated with psychotic symptoms across psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Lett 2020; 720:134754. [PMID: 31945448 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that psychiatric symptoms share a common genetic liability across diagnostic categories. The present study investigated the effects of variants within previously identified relevant genes on specific symptom clusters, independently from the diagnosis. METHODS 1550 subjects affected by Schizophrenia (SCZ), Major Depressive Disorder or Bipolar Disorder were included. Symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Principal component analysis and a further clinical refinement were used to define symptom clusters. Clusters scores were tested for association with 46 genetic variants within nine genes previously linked to one or more major psychiatric disorders by large genome wide association studies (ANK3, CACNA1C, CACNB2, FKBP5, FZD3, GRM7, ITIH3, SYNE1, TCF4). Exploratory analyses were performed in each disorder separately to further elucidate the SNPs effects. RESULTS five PANSS clusters (Negative; Impulsiveness; Cognitive; Psychotic; Depressive) and four HDRS clusters (Core Depressive; Somatic; Psychotic-like; Insomnia) were identified. CACNA1C rs11615998 was associated with HDRS Psychotic cluster in the whole sample. In the SCZ sample, CACNA1C rs11062296 was associated with PANSS Impulsiveness cluster and CACNA1C rs2238062 was associated with PANSS negative cluster. DISCUSSION CACNA1C rs11615998 was associated with psychotic symptoms (C-allele carriers have decreased psychotic-risk) independently from the diagnosis, in line with the evidence of a cross disorder effect of many risk variants. This gene was previously associated with SCZ and cross-disorder liability to psychiatric disorders. Our findings confirmed that deep phenotyping is pivotal to clarify the role of genetic variants on symptoms patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Calabrò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Porcelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Concetta Crisafulli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Diego Albani
- Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neuroscience Department, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Joseph Zohar
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Daniel Souery
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Medicale, Universitè Libre de Bruxelles and Psy Pluriel, Centre Européen de Psychologie Medicale, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Vilma Mantovani
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), St. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Bonassi
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy; Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alessandra Frustaci
- Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust, St.Ann's Hospital, St.Ann's Road, N15 3 TH, London, UK
| | | | - Stefano Landi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Sezione di Igiene, Istituto di Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health - Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Foggia University, Italy
| | - Marco Di Nicola
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Janiri
- Faculty of Medicine "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Faculty of Medicine "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Mandelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
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13
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Enriched developmental biology molecular pathways impact on antipsychotics-induced weight gain. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2019; 30:9-20. [PMID: 31651721 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychotropic-induced weight gain (PIWG) may lead to increased risk for cardiovasculardiseases, metabolic disorders and treatment discontinuation. PIWG may be genetically driven. The analysis of complete molecular pathways may grant suffcient power to tackle the biologic variance of PIWG. Such identifcation would help to move a step forward in the direction of personalized treatment in psychiatry. A genetic sample from the CATIE trial (n = 765; M = 556, mean age = 40.93 ± 11.03) treated with diverse antipsychotic drugs was investigated. A molecular pathway analysis was conducted for the identifcation of the molecular pathways enriched in variations associated with PIWG. The developmental biology molecular pathway was signifcantly (P.adj = 0.018) enriched in genetic variations signifcantly (P < 0.01) associated with PIWG. A total of 18 genes were identifed and discussed. The developmental biology molecular pathway is involved in the regulation of β-cell development, and the transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation. Results from the current contribution correlate with previous evidence and it is consistent with our earlier result on the STAR*D sample. Furthermore, the involvement of the β-cell development and the transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation pathways stress the relevance of the peripheral tissue rearrangement, rather than increased food intake, in the biologic modifcations that follow psychotropic treatment and may lead to PIWG. Further research is warranted.
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14
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Prata DP, Costa-Neves B, Cosme G, Vassos E. Unravelling the genetic basis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with GWAS: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 114:178-207. [PMID: 31096178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review findings of GWAS in schizophrenia (SZ) and in bipolar disorder (BD); and to interpret findings, with a focus on identifying independent replications. METHOD PubMed search, selection and review of all independent GWAS in SZ or BD, published since March 2011, i.e. studies using non-overlapping samples within each article, between articles, and with those of the previous review (Li et al., 2012). RESULTS From the 22 GWAS included in this review, the genetic associations surviving standard GWAS-significance were for genetic markers in the regions of ACSL3/KCNE4, ADCY2, AMBRA1, ANK3, BRP44, DTL, FBLN1, HHAT, INTS7, LOC392301, LOC645434/NMBR, LOC729457, LRRFIP1, LSM1, MDM1, MHC, MIR2113/POU3F2, NDST3, NKAPL, ODZ4, PGBD1, RENBP, TRANK1, TSPAN18, TWIST2, UGT1A1/HJURP, WHSC1L1/FGFR1 and ZKSCAN4. All genes implicated across both reviews are discussed in terms of their function and implication in neuropsychiatry. CONCLUSION Taking all GWAS to date into account, AMBRA1, ANK3, ARNTL, CDH13, EFHD1 (albeit with different alleles), MHC, PLXNA2 and UGT1A1 have been implicated in either disorder in at least two reportedly non-overlapping samples. Additionally, evidence for a SZ/BD common genetic basis is most strongly supported by the implication of ANK3, NDST3, and PLXNA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P Prata
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, UK; Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Bernardo Costa-Neves
- Lisbon Medical School, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Av. do Brasil, 53 1749-002, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Cosme
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, UK
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15
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Valvassori SS, Gava FF, Dal-Pont GC, Simões HL, Damiani-Neves M, Andersen ML, Boeck CR, Quevedo J. Effects of lithium and valproate on ERK/JNK signaling pathway in an animal model of mania induced by amphetamine. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01541. [PMID: 31193305 PMCID: PMC6525279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe and chronic psychiatric disorder, characterized by recurrent mood episodes of depression and mania. Some studies have indicated that there are ERK and JNK pathways alterations in the brain from bipolar patients. The animal model of mania induced by dextroamphetamine (d-AMPH) has been considered an excellent model to study intracellular alterations related to BD. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of lithium (Li) and valproate (VPA) on the behavioral and ERK1/2/JNK1/2 signaling pathway in an animal model of mania induced by d-AMPH. Wistar rats were first given d-AMPH or saline (Sal) for 14 days, and then, between the 8th and 14th days, the rats were treated with Li, VPA, or Sal. The open-field test was used to evaluate the locomotion and exploration behaviors of rats. The levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 were assessed in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of the rats. Li and VPA reversed the increased of locomotion and exploration induced by d-AMPH. The treatment with VPA or AMPH per se decreased the levels of pERK1 in the hippocampus. The treatment with VPA in the animals submitted to the administration of d-AMPH decreased the levels of ERK1, JNK-1, and JNK-2 phosphorylated in the hippocampus of the animals. The treatment with Li decreased the JNK-1 phosphorylated in the hippocampus of the animals submitted to the animal model of mania induced by d-AMPH. Although the association of VPA plus amphetamine alters some proteins involved in the JNK pathway in the hippocampus, these alterations were very random and seemed that were not related to the d-AMPH-induced manic-like behavior. These results suggest that the manic-like effects induced by d-AMPH and the antimanic effects of mood stabilizers, Li and VPA, are not related to the alteration on ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira S Valvassori
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Gava
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Dal-Pont
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Henio Leonardo Simões
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcela Damiani-Neves
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Master's Degree in Health and Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Nanosciences, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.,Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Izsak J, Seth H, Andersson M, Vizlin-Hodzic D, Theiss S, Hanse E, Ågren H, Funa K, Illes S. Robust Generation of Person-Specific, Synchronously Active Neuronal Networks Using Purely Isogenic Human iPSC-3D Neural Aggregate Cultures. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:351. [PMID: 31068774 PMCID: PMC6491690 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproducibly generating human induced pluripotent stem cell-based functional neuronal circuits, solely obtained from single individuals, poses particular challenges to achieve personalized and patient specific functional neuronal in vitro models. A hallmark of functional neuronal assemblies, synchronous neuronal activity, can be non-invasively studied by microelectrode array (MEA) technology, reliably capturing physiological and pathophysiological aspects of human brain function. In our here presented manuscript, we demonstrate a procedure to generate 3D neural aggregates comprising astrocytes, oligodendroglial cells, and neurons obtained from the same human tissue sample. Moreover, we demonstrate the robust ability of those neurons to create a highly synchronously active neuronal network within 3 weeks in vitro, without additionally applied astrocytes. The fusion of MEA-technology with functional neuronal circuits solely obtained from one individual's cells represent isogenic person-specific human neuronal sensor chips that pave the way for specific personalized in vitro neuronal networks as well as neurological and neuropsychiatric disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Izsak
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Seth
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Andersson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dzeneta Vizlin-Hodzic
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephan Theiss
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Result Medical GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eric Hanse
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Keiko Funa
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Illes
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Wu J, Jin S, Gu W, Wan F, Zhang H, Shi G, Qu Y, Ye D. Construction and Validation of a 9-Gene Signature for Predicting Prognosis in Stage III Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:152. [PMID: 30941304 PMCID: PMC6433707 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Aim of this study was to develop a multi-gene signature to help better predict prognosis for stage III renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. Methods: Fourteen pairs of stage III tumor and normal tissues mRNA expression data from GSE53757 and 16 pairs mRNA expression data from TCGA clear cell RCC database were used to analyze differentially expressed genes between tumor and normal tissues. Common different expressed genes in both datasets were used for further modeling. Lasso Cox regression analysis was performed to select and build prognostic multi-gene signature in TCGA stage III kidney cancer patients (N = 122). Then, the multi-gene signature was validated in stage III renal cancer cases in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (N = 77). C-index and time-dependent ROC were used to test the efficiency of this signature in predicting overall survival. Results: In total, 1,370 common different expressed genes were found between tumor and normal tissues in both datasets. After Lasso Cox modeling, nine mRNAs were finally identified to build a classifier. Using this classifier, we could classify stage III clear cell RCC patients into high-risk group and low-risk group. Prognosis was significantly different between these groups in discovery TCGA cohort, validation FUSCC cohort and entire set (All P < 0.001). Multivariate cox regression in entire set (N = 199) revealed that risk group classified by 9-gene signature, age of diagnosis, pN stage and ISUP grade were independent prognostic factor of overall survival in stage III kidney cancer patients. Conclusion: We developed a robust multi-gene classifier that can effectively classify stage III RCC patients into groups with low and high risk of poor prognosis. This signature may help select high-risk patients who require more aggressive adjuvant target therapy or immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Wu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengming Jin
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Gu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangning Wan
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohai Shi
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Fabbri C, Corponi F, Albani D, Raimondi I, Forloni G, Schruers K, Kasper S, Kautzky A, Zohar J, Souery D, Montgomery S, Cristalli CP, Mantovani V, Mendlewicz J, Serretti A. Pleiotropic genes in psychiatry: Calcium channels and the stress-related FKBP5 gene in antidepressant resistance. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:203-210. [PMID: 28989100 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A candidate gene and a genome-wide approach were combined to study the pharmacogenetics of antidepressant response and resistance. Investigated genes were selected on the basis of pleiotropic effect across psychiatric phenotypes in previous genome-wide association studies and involvement in antidepressant response. Three samples with major depressive disorder (total=671) were genotyped for 44 SNPs in 8 candidate genes (CACNA1C, CACNB2, ANK3, GRM7, TCF4, ITIH3, SYNE1, FKBP5). Phenotypes were response/remission after 4weeks of treatment and treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Genome-wide data from STAR*D were used to replicate findings for response/remission (n=1409) and TRD (n=620). Pathways including the most promising candidate genes were investigated in STAR*D for involvement in TRD. FKBP5 polymorphisms showed replicated but nominal associations with response, remission or TRD. CACNA1C rs1006737 and rs10848635 were the only polymorphisms that survived multiple-testing correction. In STAR*D the best pathway associated with TRD included CACNA1C (GO:0006942, permutated p=0.15). Machine learning models showed that independent SNPs in this pathway predicted TRD with a mean sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity of 0.56 after 10-fold cross validation repeated 100 times. FKBP5 polymorphisms appear good candidates for inclusion in antidepressant pharmacogenetic tests. Pathways including the CACNA1C gene may be involved in TRD and they may provide the base for developing multi-marker predictors of TRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Corponi
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Diego Albani
- Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neuroscience Department, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Raimondi
- Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neuroscience Department, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neuroscience Department, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Koen Schruers
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Kautzky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Joseph Zohar
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Daniel Souery
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Medicale, Universitè Libre de Bruxelles and Psy Pluriel, Centre Européen de Psychologie Medicale, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Carlotta Pia Cristalli
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), St. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vilma Mantovani
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), St. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Julien Mendlewicz
- Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
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19
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Saxena A, Scaini G, Bavaresco DV, Leite C, Valvassori SS, Carvalho AF, Quevedo J. Role of Protein Kinase C in Bipolar Disorder: A Review of the Current Literature. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2017; 3:108-124. [PMID: 29230399 DOI: 10.1159/000480349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a major health problem. It causes significant morbidity and imposes a burden on the society. Available treatments help a substantial proportion of patients but are not beneficial for an estimated 40-50%. Thus, there is a great need to further our understanding the pathophysiology of BD to identify new therapeutic avenues. The preponderance of evidence pointed towards a role of protein kinase C (PKC) in BD. We reviewed the literature pertinent to the role of PKC in BD. We present recent advances from preclinical and clinical studies that further support the role of PKC. Moreover, we discuss the role of PKC on synaptogenesis and neuroplasticity in the context of BD. The recent development of animal models of BD, such as stimulant-treated and paradoxical sleep deprivation, and the ability to intervene pharmacologically provide further insights into the involvement of PKC in BD. In addition, the effect of PKC inhibitors, such as tamoxifen, in the resolution of manic symptoms in patients with BD further points in that direction. Furthermore, a wide variety of growth factors influence neurotransmission through several molecular pathways that involve downstream effects of PKC. Our current understanding identifies the PKC pathway as a potential therapeutic avenue for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Saxena
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniela V Bavaresco
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Camila Leite
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Samira S Valvassori
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - André F Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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20
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Higgins GA, Allyn-Feuer A, Georgoff P, Nikolian V, Alam HB, Athey BD. Mining the topography and dynamics of the 4D Nucleome to identify novel CNS drug pathways. Methods 2017; 123:102-118. [PMID: 28385536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacoepigenome can be defined as the active, noncoding province of the genome including canonical spatial and temporal regulatory mechanisms of gene regulation that respond to xenobiotic stimuli. Many psychotropic drugs that have been in clinical use for decades have ill-defined mechanisms of action that are beginning to be resolved as we understand the transcriptional hierarchy and dynamics of the nucleus. In this review, we describe spatial, temporal and biomechanical mechanisms mediated by psychotropic medications. Focus is placed on a bioinformatics pipeline that can be used both for detection of pharmacoepigenomic variants that discretize drug response and adverse events to improve pharmacogenomic testing, and for the discovery of novel CNS therapeutics. This approach integrates the functional topology and dynamics of the transcriptional hierarchy of the pharmacoepigenome, gene variant-driven identification of pharmacogenomic regulatory domains, and mesoscale mapping for the discovery of novel CNS pharmacodynamic pathways in human brain. Examples of the application of this pipeline are provided, including the discovery of valproic acid (VPA) mediated transcriptional reprogramming of neuronal cell fate following injury, and mapping of a CNS pathway glutamatergic pathway for the mood stabilizer lithium. These examples in regulatory pharmacoepigenomics illustrate how ongoing research using the 4D nucleome provides a foundation to further insight into previously unrecognized psychotropic drug pharmacodynamic pathways in the human CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald A Higgins
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, USA
| | - Ari Allyn-Feuer
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, USA
| | - Patrick Georgoff
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, USA
| | - Vahagn Nikolian
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, USA
| | - Hasan B Alam
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, USA
| | - Brian D Athey
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, USA; Michigan Institute for Data Science (MIDAS), USA.
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21
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Morris G, Walder K, McGee SL, Dean OM, Tye SJ, Maes M, Berk M. A model of the mitochondrial basis of bipolar disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 74:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Vizlin-Hodzic D, Zhai Q, Illes S, Södersten K, Truvé K, Parris TZ, Sobhan PK, Salmela S, Kosalai ST, Kanduri C, Strandberg J, Seth H, Bontell TO, Hanse E, Ågren H, Funa K. Early onset of inflammation during ontogeny of bipolar disorder: the NLRP2 inflammasome gene distinctly differentiates between patients and healthy controls in the transition between iPS cell and neural stem cell stages. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1010. [PMID: 28117838 PMCID: PMC5545741 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuro-inflammation and neuronal communication are considered as mis-regulated processes in the aetiology and pathology of bipolar disorder (BD). Which and when specific signal pathways become abnormal during the ontogeny of bipolar disorder patients is unknown. To address this question, we applied induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology followed by cortical neural differentiation on adipocyte-derived cells from BD type I patients (with psychotic episodes in psychiatric history) and healthy volunteers (controls). RNA sequencing in iPSC and cortical neural stem cell (NSC) lines were used to examine alterations between the transcriptomes from BD I and control samples during transition from the pluripotent stage towards the neural developmental stage. At the iPSC stage, the most highly significant differentially expressed gene (DEG) was the NLRP2 inflammasome (P=2.66 × 10-10). Also among 42 DEGs at the NSC stage, NLRP2 showed the strongest statistical significance (P=3.07 × 10-19). In addition, we have also identified several cytoskeleton-associated genes as DEGs from the NSC stage, such as TMP2, TAGLN and ACTA2; the former two genes are recognised for the first time to be associated with BD. Our results also suggest that iPSC-derived BD-cortical NSCs carry several abnormalities in dopamine and GABA receptor canonical pathways, underlining that our in vitro BD model reflects pathology in the central nervous system. This would indicate that mis-regulated gene expression of inflammatory, neurotransmitter and cytoskeletal signalling occurs during early fetal brain development of BD I patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vizlin-Hodzic
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Q Zhai
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Illes
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Södersten
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Truvé
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T Z Parris
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P K Sobhan
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Salmela
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S T Kosalai
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Kanduri
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Strandberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Seth
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T O Bontell
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Hanse
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Ågren
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden E-mail:
| | - K Funa
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden. E-mail:
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23
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Ota M, Hori H, Sato N, Yoshida F, Hattori K, Teraishi T, Kunugi H. Effects of ankyrin 3 gene risk variants on brain structures in patients with bipolar disorder and healthy subjects. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 70:498-506. [PMID: 27488254 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM The intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism rs10994336 of the ankyrin 3 gene (ANK3 ) is one of the genome-wide supported risk variants for bipolar disorder (BD), and the T-allele of rs10761482 is also reported to have relevance to BD. We investigated the effect of ANK3 rs10761482 genetic variation on brain structure. METHODS Subjects were 43 BD patients and 229 healthy volunteers. We evaluated the effects of ANK3 rs10761482 genetic variation on diagnosis, and of the genotype-by-diagnosis interaction on the brain structure and the degree of age-related brain atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging data evaluated by voxel-based morphometry. RESULTS BD patients showed significantly lower fractional anisotropy value in the bilateral parietal regions, left fronto-occipital fasciculus, and corpus callosum, compared to healthy subjects. Further, we found considerable decreases of fractional anisotropy in the forceps minor in non-T-allele BD patients compared with the T-carrier patient group. We also found significant lessening of age-related brain atrophy in the T-allele carrier groups compared with the non-T-allele carrier groups in the area around the cerebrospinal space, cingulate cortices, and cerebellum. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the influence of the ANK3 on age-related brain atrophy. The ankyrin 3 genotype may be associated with pathogenesis of age-related neurodegeneration, and, in part, of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuyuko Yoshida
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Teraishi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Teixeira AL, Salem H, Frey BN, Barbosa IG, Machado-Vieira R. Update on bipolar disorder biomarker candidates. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:1209-1220. [PMID: 27737600 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2016.1248413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder is a chronic and disabling mood disorder with a complex pathophysiological basis. A significant percentage of patients do not receive correct diagnosis which directly influences therapeutic response, rendering recovery troublesome. There is a long-standing need for proper non-clinically based tools for diagnosis, treatment selection and follow-up of such patients. Areas covered: In the past decade, the scientific community has shown a great interest in biomarker development. Here, we highlight the different potential biomarkers and we discuss their feasibility and their possible clinical relevance. Expert commentary: To date, despite the major ongoing trials and consortia with promising future perspectives, no reliable biomarker of bipolar disorder has been fully defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio L Teixeira
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School , The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Haitham Salem
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School , The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Benicio N Frey
- b Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada.,c Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic , St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton , ON , Canada
| | - Izabela G Barbosa
- d Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- e Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program , National Institute of Mental Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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25
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Malhi GS, Outhred T. Therapeutic Mechanisms of Lithium in Bipolar Disorder: Recent Advances and Current Understanding. CNS Drugs 2016; 30:931-49. [PMID: 27638546 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-016-0380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lithium is the most effective and well established treatment for bipolar disorder, and it has a broad array of effects within cellular pathways. However, the specific processes through which therapeutic effects occur and are maintained in bipolar disorder remain unclear. This paper provides a timely update to an authoritative review of pertinent findings that was published in CNS Drugs in 2013. A literature search was conducted using the Scopus database, and was limited by year (from 2012). There has been a resurgence of interest in lithium therapy mechanisms, perhaps driven by technical advancements in recent years that permit the examination of cellular mechanisms underpinning the effects of lithium-along with the reuptake of lithium in clinical practice. Recent research has further cemented glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) inhibition as a key mechanism, and the inter-associations between GSK3β-mediated neuroprotective, anti-oxidative and neurotransmission mechanisms have been further elucidated. In addition to highly illustrative cellular research, studies examining higher-order biological systems, such as circadian rhythms, as well as employing innovative animal and human models, have increased our understanding of how lithium-induced changes at the cellular level possibly translate to changes at behavioural and clinical levels. Neural circuitry research is yet to identify clear mechanisms of change in bipolar disorder in response to treatment with lithium, but important structural findings have demonstrated links to the modulation of cellular mechanisms, and peripheral marker and pharmacogenetic studies are showing promising findings that will likely inform the exploration for predictors of lithium treatment response. With a deeper understanding of lithium's therapeutic mechanisms-from the cellular to clinical levels of investigation-comes the opportunity to develop predictive models of lithium treatment response and identify novel drug targets, and recent findings have provided important leads towards these goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gin S Malhi
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,CADE Clinic Level 3, Main Hospital Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.
| | - Tim Outhred
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.,Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,CADE Clinic Level 3, Main Hospital Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
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26
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Schuch JB, Paixão-Côrtes VR, Friedrich DC, Tovo-Rodrigues L. The contribution of protein intrinsic disorder to understand the role of genetic variants uncovered by autism spectrum disorders exome studies. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:479-91. [PMID: 26892727 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Several autism spectrum disorders (ASD) exome studies suggest that coding single nucleotide variants (SNVs) play an important role on ASD etiology. Usually, the pathogenic effect of missense mutations is estimated through predictors that lose accuracy for those SNVs placed in intrinsically disordered regions of protein. Here, we used bioinformatics tools to investigate the effect of mutations described in ASD published exome studies (549 mutations) in protein disorder, considering post-translational modification, PEST and Molecular Recognition Features (MoRFs) motifs. Schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) datasets were created for comparison purposes. The frequency of mutations predicted as disordered was comparable among the three datasets (38.1% in ASD, 35.7% in schizophrenia, 46.4% in T2D). However, the frequency of SNVs predicted to lead a gain or loss of functional sites or change intrinsic disorder tendencies was higher in ASD and schizophrenia than T2D (46.9%, 36.4%, and 23.1%, respectively). The results obtained by SIFT and PolyPhen-2 indicated that 38.9% and 34.4% of the mutations predicted, respectively, as tolerated and benign showed functional alterations in disorder properties. Given the frequency of mutations placed in IDRs and their functional impact, this study suggests that alterations in intrinsic disorder properties might play a role in ASD and schizophrenia etiologies. They should be taken into consideration when researching the pathogenicity of mutations in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diseases. Finally, mutations with functional alterations in disorder properties must be potential targets for in vitro and in vivo functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Bohrer Schuch
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Deise C Friedrich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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