1
|
Luo L, Jea JDY, Wang Y, Chao PW, Yen L. Control of mammalian gene expression by modulation of polyA signal cleavage at 5' UTR. Nat Biotechnol 2024:10.1038/s41587-023-01989-0. [PMID: 38168982 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The ability to control gene expression in mammalian cells is crucial for safe and efficacious gene therapies and for elucidating gene functions. Current gene regulation systems have limitations such as harmful immune responses or low efficiency. We describe the pA regulator, an RNA-based switch that controls mammalian gene expression through modulation of a synthetic polyA signal (PAS) cleavage introduced into the 5' UTR of a transgene. The cleavage is modulated by a 'dual-mechanism'-(1) aptamer clamping to inhibit PAS cleavage and (2) drug-induced alternative splicing that removes the PAS, both activated by drug binding. This RNA-based methodology circumvents the immune responses observed in other systems and achieves a 900-fold induction with an EC50 of 0.5 µg ml-1 tetracycline (Tc), which is well within the FDA-approved dose range. The pA regulator effectively controls the luciferase transgene in live mice and the endogenous CD133 gene in human cells, in a dose-dependent and reversible manner with long-term stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Luo
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jocelyn Duen-Ya Jea
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pei-Wen Chao
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laising Yen
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng T, Minevich G, Liu P, Qin HX, Wozniak G, Pham J, Pham K, Korgaonkar A, Kurnellas M, Defranoux NA, Long H, Mitra A, Hu F. AAV- GRN partially corrects motor deficits and ALS/FTLD-related pathology in Tmem106b-/-Grn-/- mice. iScience 2023; 26:107247. [PMID: 37519899 PMCID: PMC10371829 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of function of progranulin (PGRN), encoded by the granulin (GRN) gene, is implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases. Several therapeutics to boost PGRN levels are currently in clinical trials. However, it is difficult to test the efficacy of PGRN-enhancing drugs in mouse models due to the mild phenotypes of Grn-/- mice. Recently, mice deficient in both PGRN and TMEM106B were shown to develop severe motor deficits and pathology. Here, we show that intracerebral ventricle injection of PGRN-expressing AAV1/9 viruses partially rescues motor deficits, neuronal loss, glial activation, and lysosomal abnormalities in Tmem106b-/-Grn-/- mice. Widespread expression of PGRN is detected in both the brain and spinal cord for both AAV subtypes. However, AAV9 but not AAV1-mediated expression of PGRN results in high levels of PGRN in the serum. Together, these data support using the Tmem106b-/-Grn-/- mouse strain as a robust mouse model to determine the efficacy of PGRN-elevating therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuancheng Feng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Pengan Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Henry Xin Qin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Jenny Pham
- Alector Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Khanh Pham
- Alector Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hua Long
- Alector Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Fenghua Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang KCY, Lai CY, Hung WZ, Chang HY, Lin PC, Chiang SF, Ke TW, Liang JA, Shiau AC, Yang PC, Chen WTL, Chao KSC. A Novel Engineered AAV-Based Neoantigen Vaccine in Combination with Radiotherapy Eradicates Tumors. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:123-136. [PMID: 36315960 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The potency of tumor-specific antigen (TSA) vaccines, such as neoantigen (neoAg)-based cancer vaccines, can be compromised by host immune checkpoint inhibitory mechanisms, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), that attenuate neoAg presentation on dendritic cells (DC) and hinder T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. To overcome PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition in DCs, we developed a novel adeno-associated virus (meAAV) neoAg vaccine, modified with TLR9 inhibitory fragments, PD-1 trap, and PD-L1 miRNA, which extend the persistence of meAAV and activate neoAg-specific T-cell responses in immune-competent colorectal and breast cancer murine models. Moreover, we found that in combination with radiotherapy, the meAAV-based neoAg cancer vaccine not only elicited higher antigen presentation ability, but also maintained neoAg-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. These functional PD-1 traps and PD-L1 miRNAs overcome host PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory mechanisms and boost the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy. More importantly, combined radiotherapy and meAAV neoAg cancer vaccines significantly enhanced neoAg-specific CTL responses, increased CTL infiltration in tumor microenvironment, and decreased tumor-associated immunosuppression. This process led to the complete elimination of colorectal cancer and delayed tumor growth of breast cancer in tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, our results demonstrated a novel strategy that combines neoAg cancer vaccine and radiotherapy to increase the therapeutic efficacy against colorectal and breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Translation Research Core, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Lai
- Center of Proton Therapy and Science, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ze Hung
- Center of Proton Therapy and Science, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Chang
- Center of Proton Therapy and Science, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Center of Proton Therapy and Science, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Chiang
- Lab of Precision Medicine, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Wei Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ji-An Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Cheng Shiau
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Yang
- Center of Proton Therapy and Science, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - William Tzu-Liang Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University HsinChu Hospital, China Medical University, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - K S Clifford Chao
- Center of Proton Therapy and Science, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stevanovic M, Piotter E, McClements ME, MacLaren RE. CRISPR Systems Suitable for Single AAV Vector Delivery. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 22:1-14. [PMID: 34620062 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666211006120355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas gene editing is a revolutionary technology that can enable the correction of genetic mutations in vivo, providing great promise as a therapeutic intervention for inherited diseases. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are a potential vehicle for delivering CRISPR/Cas. However, they are restricted by their limited packaging capacity. Identifying smaller Cas orthologs that can be packaged, along with the required guide RNA elements, into a single AAV would be an important optimization for CRISPR/Cas gene editing. Expanding the options of Cas proteins that can be delivered by a single AAV not only increases translational application but also expands the genetic sites that can be targeted for editing. This review considers the benefits and current scope of small Cas protein orthologs that are suitable for gene editing approaches using single AAV vector delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Stevanovic
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford. United Kingdom
| | - Elena Piotter
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford. United Kingdom
| | - Michelle E McClements
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford. United Kingdom
| | - Robert E MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford. United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tchedre KT, Batabyal S, Galicia M, Narcisse D, Mustafi SM, Ayyagari A, Chavala S, Mohanty SK. Biodistribution of adeno-associated virus type 2 carrying multi-characteristic opsin in dogs following intravitreal injection. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8676-8686. [PMID: 34418301 PMCID: PMC8435460 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy of retinal diseases using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector-based delivery has shown clinical success, and clinical trials based on rAAV-based optogenetic therapies are currently in progress. Recently, we have developed multi-characteristic opsin (MCO), which has been shown to effectively re-photosensitize photoreceptor-degenerated retina in mice leading to vision restoration at ambient light environment. Here, we report the biodistribution of the rAAV2 carried MCO (vMCO-I) in live samples and post-mortem organs following intraocular delivery in wild-type dogs. Immunohistochemistry showed that the intravitreal injection of vMCO-I resulted in gene transduction in the inner nuclear layer (INL) but did not induce detectable inflammatory or immune reaction in the dog retina. Vector DNA analysis of live body wastes and body fluids such as saliva and nasal secretions using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed no correlative increase of vector copy in nasal secretions or saliva, minimal increase of vector copy in urine in the low-dose group 13 weeks after injection and in the faeces of the high-dose group at 3-13 weeks after injection suggesting clearance of the virus vector via urine and faeces. Further analysis of vector DNA extracted from faeces using PCR showed no transgene after 3 weeks post-injection. Intravitreal injection of vMCO-I resulted in few sporadic off-target presences of the vector in the mesenteric lymph node, liver, spleen and testis. This study showed that intravitreal rAAV2-based delivery of MCO-I for retinal gene therapy is safe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kissaou T. Tchedre
- Nanoscope Technologies LLCArlingtonTexasUSA
- Nanoscope Therapeutics IncBedfordTexasUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ananta Ayyagari
- Nanoscope Technologies LLCArlingtonTexasUSA
- Nanoscope Therapeutics IncBedfordTexasUSA
| | | | - Samarendra K. Mohanty
- Nanoscope Technologies LLCArlingtonTexasUSA
- Nanoscope Therapeutics IncBedfordTexasUSA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yeh WH, Shubina-Oleinik O, Levy JM, Pan B, Newby GA, Wornow M, Burt R, Chen JC, Holt JR, Liu DR. In vivo base editing restores sensory transduction and transiently improves auditory function in a mouse model of recessive deafness. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/546/eaay9101. [PMID: 32493795 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay9101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most genetic diseases arise from recessive point mutations that require correction, rather than disruption, of the pathogenic allele to benefit patients. Base editing has the potential to directly repair point mutations and provide therapeutic restoration of gene function. Mutations of transmembrane channel-like 1 gene (TMC1) can cause dominant or recessive deafness. We developed a base editing strategy to treat Baringo mice, which carry a recessive, loss-of-function point mutation (c.A545G; resulting in the substitution p.Y182C) in Tmc1 that causes deafness. Tmc1 encodes a protein that forms mechanosensitive ion channels in sensory hair cells of the inner ear and is required for normal auditory function. We found that sensory hair cells of Baringo mice have a complete loss of auditory sensory transduction. To repair the mutation, we tested several optimized cytosine base editors (CBEmax variants) and guide RNAs in Baringo mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We packaged the most promising CBE, derived from an activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), into dual adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) using a split-intein delivery system. The dual AID-CBEmax AAVs were injected into the inner ears of Baringo mice at postnatal day 1. Injected mice showed up to 51% reversion of the Tmc1 c.A545G point mutation to wild-type sequence (c.A545A) in Tmc1 transcripts. Repair of Tmc1 in vivo restored inner hair cell sensory transduction and hair cell morphology and transiently rescued low-frequency hearing 4 weeks after injection. These findings provide a foundation for a potential one-time treatment for recessive hearing loss and support further development of base editing to correct pathogenic point mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsi Yeh
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olga Shubina-Oleinik
- Department of Otolaryngology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan M Levy
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Bifeng Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gregory A Newby
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michael Wornow
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Rachel Burt
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jonathan C Chen
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Holt
- Department of Otolaryngology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. .,Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David R Liu
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hordeaux J, Buza EL, Jeffrey B, Song C, Jahan T, Yuan Y, Zhu Y, Bell P, Li M, Chichester JA, Calcedo R, Wilson JM. MicroRNA-mediated inhibition of transgene expression reduces dorsal root ganglion toxicity by AAV vectors in primates. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/569/eaba9188. [PMID: 33177182 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba9188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Delivering adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors into the central nervous system of nonhuman primates (NHPs) via the blood or cerebral spinal fluid is associated with dorsal root ganglion (DRG) toxicity. Conventional immune-suppression regimens do not prevent this toxicity, possibly because it may be caused by high transduction rates, which can, in turn, cause cellular stress due to an overabundance of the transgene product in target cells. To test this hypothesis and develop an approach to eliminate DRG toxicity, we exploited endogenous expression of microRNA (miR) 183 complex, which is largely restricted to DRG neurons, to specifically down-regulate transgene expression in these cells. We introduced sequence targets for miR183 into the vector genome within the 3' untranslated region of the corresponding transgene messenger RNA and injected vectors into the cisterna magna of NHPs. Administration of unmodified AAV vectors resulted in robust transduction of target tissues and toxicity in DRG neurons. Consistent with the proposal that immune system activity does not mediate this neuronal toxicity, we found that steroid administration was ineffective in alleviating this pathology. However, including miR183 targets in the vectors reduced transgene expression in, and toxicity of, DRG neurons without affecting transduction elsewhere in the primate's brain. This approach might be useful in reducing DRG toxicity and the associated morbidity and should facilitate the development of AAV-based gene therapies for many central nervous system diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Hordeaux
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Buza
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brianne Jeffrey
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chunjuan Song
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tahsin Jahan
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yanqing Zhu
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter Bell
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessica A Chichester
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Roberto Calcedo
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James M Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ertl HCJ. T Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to AAV and AAV Vectors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666666. [PMID: 33927727 PMCID: PMC8076552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene transfer has benefited patients with inherited diseases, such as hemophilia B, by achieving long-term expression of the therapeutic transgene. Nevertheless, challenges remain due to rejection of AAV-transduced cells, which in some, but not all, patients can be prevented by immunosuppression. It is assumed that CD8+ T cells induced by natural infections with AAVs are recalled by the AAV vector's capsid and upon activation eliminate cells expressing the degraded capsid antigens. Alternatively, it is feasible that AAV vectors, especially if given at high doses, induce de novo capsid- or transgene product-specific T cell responses. This chapter discusses CD8+ T cell responses to AAV infections and AAV gene transfer and avenues to prevent their activation or block their effector functions.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sullivan HL, Gianneschi NC, Christman KL. Targeted nanoscale therapeutics for myocardial infarction. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1204-1216. [PMID: 33367371 PMCID: PMC7932032 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01677b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale therapeutics have promise for the administration of therapeutic small molecules and biologics to the heart following myocardial infarction. Directed delivery to the infarcted region of the heart using minimally invasive routes is critical to this promise. In this review, we will discuss the advances and design considerations for two nanoscale therapeutics engineered to target the infarcted heart, nanoparticles and adeno-associated viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly L Sullivan
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative, Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Eliminating mesothelioma by AAV-vectored, PD1-based vaccination in the tumor microenvironment. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 20:373-386. [PMID: 33614918 PMCID: PMC7878991 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The potency of cancer vaccines is often compromised by a variety of immunoinhibitory mechanisms, including stimulation of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint pathway. Here, to overcome inhibition, we determined the potential of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-vectored, PD1-based vaccination in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to activate antigen-specific T cell responses in the immune-competent murine mesothelioma model. We found that our rAAV-soluble PD1 (sPD1)-TWIST1 vaccine elicited and maintained TWIST1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses and the PD-1 blocker systemically against lethal mesothelioma challenge after intramuscular injection, which was more effective than rAAV-TWIST1 or rAAV-sPD1 alone. More importantly, intratumoral injection of rAAV-sPD1-TWIST1 significantly enhanced immune surveillance by inducing TWIST1-specific CTL responses against vaccine-encoded TWIST1 and bystander gp70-AH1 epitopes, increasing CTL infiltration into the TME and decreasing tumor-associated immunosuppression, leading to complete elimination of established mesothelioma in 5 of 8 tumor-bearing mice. In addition, direct oncosuppression synergized with recruitment of T cells after localized rAAV-sPD1-TWIST1 treatment in a humanized mouse model to inhibit growth of REN human mesothelioma. Our results warrant clinical development of the rAAV-sPD1-TWIST1 vaccine to enhance immunotherapy against a wide range of TWIST1-expressing tumors.
Collapse
|
11
|
Balance between Retroviral Latency and Transcription: Based on HIV Model. Pathogens 2020; 10:pathogens10010016. [PMID: 33383617 PMCID: PMC7824405 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The representative of the Lentivirus genus is the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To date, there is no cure for AIDS because of the existence of the HIV-1 reservoir. HIV-1 infection can persist for decades despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), due to the persistence of infectious latent viruses in long-lived resting memory CD4+ T cells, macrophages, monocytes, microglial cells, and other cell types. However, the biology of HIV-1 latency remains incompletely understood. Retroviral long terminal repeat region (LTR) plays an indispensable role in controlling viral gene expression. Regulation of the transcription initiation plays a crucial role in establishing and maintaining a retrovirus latency. Whether and how retroviruses establish latency and reactivate remains unclear. In this article, we describe what is known about the regulation of LTR-driven transcription in HIV-1, that is, the cis-elements present in the LTR, the role of LTR transcription factor binding sites in LTR-driven transcription, the role of HIV-1-encoded transactivator protein, hormonal effects on virus transcription, impact of LTR variability on transcription, and epigenetic control of retrovirus LTR. Finally, we focus on a novel clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/dCas9)-based strategy for HIV-1 reservoir purging.
Collapse
|
12
|
Stone D, Kenkel EJ, Loprieno MA, Tanaka M, De Silva Feelixge HS, Kumar AJ, Stensland L, Obenza WM, Wangari S, Ahrens CY, Murnane RD, Peterson CW, Kiem HP, Huang ML, Aubert M, Hu SL, Jerome KR. Gene Transfer in Adeno-Associated Virus Seropositive Rhesus Macaques Following Rapamycin Treatment and Subcutaneous Delivery of AAV6, but Not Retargeted AAV6 Vectors. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 32:96-112. [PMID: 32998579 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors such as AAV6, which shows tropism for primary human CD4+ T cells in vitro, are being explored for delivery of anti-HIV therapeutic modalities in vivo. However, pre-existing immunity and sequestration in nontarget organs can significantly hinder their performance. To overcome these challenges, we investigated whether immunosuppression would allow gene delivery by AAV6 or targeted AAV6 derivatives in seropositive rhesus macaques. Animals were immune suppressed with rapamycin before intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) delivery of AAV, and we monitored vector biodistribution, gene transfer, and safety. Macaques received phosphate-buffered saline, AAV6 alone, or an equal dose of AAV6 and an AAV6-55.2 vector retargeted to CD4 through a direct ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin). AAV6 and AAV6-55.2 vector genomes were found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and most organs up to 28 days postadministration, with the highest levels seen in liver, spleen, lymph nodes (LNs), and muscle, suggesting that retargeting did not prevent vector sequestration. Despite vector genome detection, gene expression from AAV6-55.2 was not detected in any tissue. SC injection of AAV6 facilitated efficient gene expression in muscle adjacent to the injection site, plus low-level gene expression in spleen, LNs, and liver, whereas gene expression following IV injection of AAV6 was predominantly seen in the spleen. AAV vectors were well tolerated, although elevated liver enzymes were detected in three of four AAV-treated animals 14 days after rapamycin withdrawal. One SC-injected animal had muscle inflammation proximal to the injection site, plus detectable T cell responses against transgene and AAV6 capsid at study finish. Overall, our data suggest that rapamycin treatment may offer a possible strategy to express anti-HIV therapeutics such as broadly neutralizing antibodies from muscle. This study provides important safety and efficacy data that will aid study design for future anti-HIV gene therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stone
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kenkel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michelle A Loprieno
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Motoko Tanaka
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Arjun J Kumar
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laurence Stensland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Willimark M Obenza
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Solomon Wangari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chul Y Ahrens
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert D Murnane
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher W Peterson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Meei-Li Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Martine Aubert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shiu-Lok Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Keith R Jerome
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Moore JT, Wier CG, Lemmerman LR, Ortega-Pineda L, Dodd DJ, Lawrence WR, Duarte-Sanmiguel S, Dathathreya K, Diaz-Starokozheva L, Harris HN, Sen CK, Valerio IL, Higuita-Castro N, Arnold WD, Kolb SJ, Gallego-Perez D. Nanochannel-Based Poration Drives Benign and Effective Nonviral Gene Delivery to Peripheral Nerve Tissue. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2020; 4:e2000157. [PMID: 32939985 PMCID: PMC7704786 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
While gene and cell therapies have emerged as promising treatment strategies for various neurological conditions, heavy reliance on viral vectors can hamper widespread clinical implementation. Here, the use of tissue nanotransfection as a platform nanotechnology to drive nonviral gene delivery to nerve tissue via nanochannels, in an effective, controlled, and benign manner is explored. TNT facilitates plasmid DNA delivery to the sciatic nerve of mice in a voltage-dependent manner. Compared to standard bulk electroporation (BEP), impairment in toe-spread and pinprick response is not caused by TNT, and has limited to no impact on electrophysiological parameters. BEP, however, induces significant nerve damage and increases macrophage immunoreactivity. TNT is subsequently used to deliver vasculogenic cell therapies to crushed nerves via delivery of reprogramming factor genes Etv2, Foxc2, and Fli1 (EFF). The results indicate the TNT-based delivery of EFF in a sciatic nerve crush model leads to increased vascularity, reduced macrophage infiltration, and improved recovery in electrophysiological parameters compared to crushed nerves that are TNT-treated with sham/empty plasmids. Altogether, the results indicate that TNT can be a powerful platform nanotechnology for localized nonviral gene delivery to nerve tissue, in vivo, and the deployment of reprogramming-based cell therapies for nerve repair/regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T. Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Luke R. Lemmerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Dodd
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William R. Lawrence
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Silvia Duarte-Sanmiguel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kavya Dathathreya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Hallie N. Harris
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ian L. Valerio
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalia Higuita-Castro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W. David Arnold
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephen J. Kolb
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Gallego-Perez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Leal AF, Benincore-Flórez E, Solano-Galarza D, Garzón Jaramillo RG, Echeverri-Peña OY, Suarez DA, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Espejo-Mojica AJ. GM2 Gangliosidoses: Clinical Features, Pathophysiological Aspects, and Current Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176213. [PMID: 32867370 PMCID: PMC7503724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GM2 gangliosidoses are a group of pathologies characterized by GM2 ganglioside accumulation into the lysosome due to mutations on the genes encoding for the β-hexosaminidases subunits or the GM2 activator protein. Three GM2 gangliosidoses have been described: Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and the AB variant. Central nervous system dysfunction is the main characteristic of GM2 gangliosidoses patients that include neurodevelopment alterations, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. Currently, there is not approved therapy for GM2 gangliosidoses, but different therapeutic strategies have been studied including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, enzyme replacement therapy, substrate reduction therapy, pharmacological chaperones, and gene therapy. The blood-brain barrier represents a challenge for the development of therapeutic agents for these disorders. In this sense, alternative routes of administration (e.g., intrathecal or intracerebroventricular) have been evaluated, as well as the design of fusion peptides that allow the protein transport from the brain capillaries to the central nervous system. In this review, we outline the current knowledge about clinical and physiopathological findings of GM2 gangliosidoses, as well as the ongoing proposals to overcome some limitations of the traditional alternatives by using novel strategies such as molecular Trojan horses or advanced tools of genome editing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Leal
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Eliana Benincore-Flórez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Daniela Solano-Galarza
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Rafael Guillermo Garzón Jaramillo
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Olga Yaneth Echeverri-Peña
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Diego A. Suarez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.J.A.-D.); (A.J.E.-M.); Tel.: +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4140) (C.J.A.-D.); +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4099) (A.J.E.-M.)
| | - Angela Johana Espejo-Mojica
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.J.A.-D.); (A.J.E.-M.); Tel.: +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4140) (C.J.A.-D.); +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4099) (A.J.E.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tay LS, Palmer N, Panwala R, Chew WL, Mali P. Translating CRISPR-Cas Therapeutics: Approaches and Challenges. CRISPR J 2020; 3:253-275. [PMID: 32833535 PMCID: PMC7469700 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas clinical trials have begun, offering a first glimpse at how DNA and RNA targeting could enable therapies for many genetic and epigenetic human diseases. The speedy progress of CRISPR-Cas from discovery and adoption to clinical use is built on decades of traditional gene therapy research and belies the multiple challenges that could derail the successful translation of these new modalities. Here, we review how CRISPR-Cas therapeutics are translated from technological systems to therapeutic modalities, paying particular attention to the therapeutic cascade from cargo to delivery vector, manufacturing, administration, pipelines, safety, and therapeutic target profiles. We also explore potential solutions to some of the obstacles facing successful CRISPR-Cas translation. We hope to illuminate how CRISPR-Cas is brought from the academic bench toward use in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lavina Sierra Tay
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Genome Editing Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nathan Palmer
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Panwala
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wei Leong Chew
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Genome Editing Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Prashant Mali
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Early Intervention in Ischemic Tissue with Oxygen Nanocarriers Enables Successful Implementation of Restorative Cell Therapies. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:435-446. [PMID: 33184576 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue ischemia contributes to necrosis and infection. While angiogenic cell therapies have emerged as a promising strategy against ischemia, current approaches to cell therapies face multiple hurdles. Recent advances in nuclear reprogramming could potentially overcome some of these limitations. However, under severely ischemic conditions necrosis could outpace reprogramming-based repair. As such, adjunctive measures are required to maintain a minimum level of tissue viability/activity for optimal response to restorative interventions. Methods Here we explored the combined use of polymerized hemoglobin (PolyHb)-based oxygen nanocarriers with Tissue Nano-Transfection (TNT)-driven restoration to develop tissue preservation/repair strategies that could potentially be used as a first line of care. Random-pattern cutaneous flaps were created in a mouse model of ischemic injury. PolyHbs with high and low oxygen affinity were synthesized and injected into the tissue flap at various timepoints of ischemic injury. The degree of tissue preservation was evaluated in terms of perfusion, oxygenation, and resulting necrosis. TNT was then used to deploy reprogramming-based vasculogenic cell therapies to the flaps via nanochannels. Reprogramming/repair outcomes were evaluated in terms of vascularity and necrosis. Results Flaps treated with PolyHbs exhibited a gradual decrease in necrosis as a function of time-to-intervention, with low oxygen affinity PolyHb showing the best outcomes. TNT-based intervention of the flap in combination with PolyHb successfully curtailed advanced necrosis compared to flaps treated with only PolyHb or TNT alone. Conclusions These results indicate that PolyHb and TNT technologies could potentially be synergistically deployed and used as early intervention measures to combat severe tissue ischemia.
Collapse
|
17
|
Piechnik M, Sawamoto K, Ohnishi H, Kawamoto N, Ago Y, Tomatsu S. Evading the AAV Immune Response in Mucopolysaccharidoses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3433. [PMID: 32414007 PMCID: PMC7279460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The humoral immune response elicited by adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy for the treatment of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) poses a significant challenge to achieving therapeutic levels of transgene expression. Antibodies targeting the AAV capsid as well as the transgene product diminish the production of glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-degrading enzymes essential for the treatment of MPS. Patients who have antibodies against AAV capsid increase in number with age, serotype, and racial background and are excluded from the clinical trials at present. In addition, patients who have undergone AAV gene therapy are often excluded from the additional AAV gene therapy with the same serotype, since their acquired immune response (antibody) against AAV will limit further efficacy of treatment. Several methods are being developed to overcome this immune response, such as novel serotype design, antibody reduction by plasmapheresis and immunosuppression, and antibody evasion using empty capsids and enveloped AAV vectors. In this review, we examine the mechanisms of the anti-AAV humoral immune response and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of current evasion strategies in order to provide an evidence-based recommendation on evading the immune response for future AAV-mediated gene therapies for MPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Piechnik
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (M.P.); (K.S.)
- Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kazuki Sawamoto
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (M.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Hidenori Ohnishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (H.O.); (N.K.); (Y.A.)
| | - Norio Kawamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (H.O.); (N.K.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yasuhiko Ago
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (H.O.); (N.K.); (Y.A.)
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (M.P.); (K.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (H.O.); (N.K.); (Y.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Martinez-Navio JM, Fuchs SP, Mendes DE, Rakasz EG, Gao G, Lifson JD, Desrosiers RC. Long-Term Delivery of an Anti-SIV Monoclonal Antibody With AAV. Front Immunol 2020; 11:449. [PMID: 32256496 PMCID: PMC7089924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term delivery of anti-HIV monoclonal antibodies using adeno-associated virus (AAV) holds promise for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection. We previously reported that after receiving a single administration of AAV vector coding for anti-SIV antibody 5L7, monkey 84-05 achieved high levels of AAV-delivered 5L7 IgG1 in vivo which conferred sterile protection against six successive, escalating dose, intravenous challenges with highly infectious, highly pathogenic SIVmac239, including a final challenge with 10 animal infectious doses (1). Here we report that monkey 84-05 has successfully maintained 240-350 μg/ml of anti-SIV antibody 5L7 for over 6 years. Approximately 2% of the circulating IgG in this monkey is this one monoclonal antibody. This monkey generated little or no anti-drug antibodies (ADA) to the AAV-delivered antibody for the duration of the study. Due to the nature of the high-dose challenge used and in order to rule out a potential low-level infection not detected by regular viral loads, we have used ultrasensitive techniques to detect cell-associated viral DNA and RNA in PBMCs from this animal. In addition, we have tested serum from 84-05 by ELISA against overlapping peptides spanning the whole envelope sequence for SIVmac239 (PepScan) and against recombinant p27 and gp41 proteins. No reactivity has been detected in the ELISAs indicating the absence of naturally arising anti-SIV antibodies; moreover, the ultrasensitive cell-associated viral tests yielded no positive reaction. We conclude that macaque 84-05 was effectively protected and remained uninfected. Our data show that durable, continuous antibody expression can be achieved after one single administration of AAV and support the potential for lifelong protection against HIV from a single vector administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Martinez-Navio
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sebastian P. Fuchs
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Desiree E. Mendes
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Eva G. Rakasz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Guangping Gao
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Ronald C. Desrosiers
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nidetz NF, McGee MC, Tse LV, Li C, Cong L, Li Y, Huang W. Adeno-associated viral vector-mediated immune responses: Understanding barriers to gene delivery. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 207:107453. [PMID: 31836454 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have emerged as the leading gene delivery platform for gene therapy and vaccination. Three AAV-based gene therapy drugs, Glybera, LUXTURNA, and ZOLGENSMA were approved between 2012 and 2019 by the European Medicines Agency and the United States Food and Drug Administration as treatments for genetic diseases hereditary lipoprotein lipase deficiency (LPLD), inherited retinal disease (IRD), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), respectively. Despite these therapeutic successes, clinical trials have demonstrated that host anti-viral immune responses can prevent the long-term gene expression of AAV vector-encoded genes. Therefore, it is critical that we understand the complex relationship between AAV vectors and the host immune response. This knowledge could allow for the rational design of optimized gene transfer vectors capable of either subverting host immune responses in the context of gene therapy applications, or stimulating desirable immune responses that generate protective immunity in vaccine applications to AAV vector-encoded antigens. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the AAV-induced immune response and discusses potential strategies by which these responses can be manipulated to improve AAV vector-mediated gene transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie F Nidetz
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Michael C McGee
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Longping V Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chengwen Li
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Le Cong
- Department of Pathology and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yunxing Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Immune-orthogonal orthologues of AAV capsids and of Cas9 circumvent the immune response to the administration of gene therapy. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:806-816. [PMID: 31332341 PMCID: PMC6783354 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based therapeutics can activate the adaptive immune system and lead to the production of neutralizing antibodies and to cytotoxic-T-cell-mediated clearance of the treated cells. Here, we show that the sequential use of immune-orthogonal orthologues of the CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) and of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) eludes adaptive immune responses and enables effective gene editing from repeated dosing. We compared total sequence similarities and predicted binding strengths to class-I and class-II major-histocompatibility-complex proteins for 284 DNA-targeting and 84 RNA-targeting CRISPR effectors, and for 167 AAV VP1-capsid-protein orthologues. We predict the absence of cross-reactive immune responses for 79% of the DNA-targeting Cas orthologs, which we validate for three Cas9 orthologs in mice, yet anticipate broad immune cross-reactivity among the AAV serotypes. We also show that efficacious in vivo gene editing is uncompromised when using multiple dosing with orthologues of AAVs and Cas9 in mice previously immunized against the AAV vector and the Cas9 payload. Multiple dosing with protein orthologues may allow for sequential regimens of protein therapeutics that circumvent pre-existing immunity or induced immunity.
Collapse
|
21
|
Programmable RNA editing by recruiting endogenous ADAR using engineered RNAs. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:1059-1069. [PMID: 31308540 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Current tools for targeted RNA editing rely on the delivery of exogenous proteins or chemically modified guide RNAs, which may lead to aberrant effector activity, delivery barrier or immunogenicity. Here, we present an approach, called leveraging endogenous ADAR for programmable editing of RNA (LEAPER), that employs short engineered ADAR-recruiting RNAs (arRNAs) to recruit native ADAR1 or ADAR2 enzymes to change a specific adenosine to inosine. We show that arRNA, delivered by a plasmid or viral vector or as a synthetic oligonucleotide, achieves editing efficiencies of up to 80%. LEAPER is highly specific, with rare global off-targets and limited editing of non-target adenosines in the target region. It is active in a broad spectrum of cell types, including multiple human primary cell types, and can restore α-L-iduronidase catalytic activity in Hurler syndrome patient-derived primary fibroblasts without evoking innate immune responses. As a single-molecule system, LEAPER enables precise, efficient RNA editing with broad applicability for therapy and basic research.
Collapse
|
22
|
Guilbaud M, Devaux M, Couzinié C, Le Duff J, Toromanoff A, Vandamme C, Jaulin N, Gernoux G, Larcher T, Moullier P, Le Guiner C, Adjali O. Five Years of Successful Inducible Transgene Expression Following Locoregional Adeno-Associated Virus Delivery in Nonhuman Primates with No Detectable Immunity. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:802-813. [PMID: 30808235 PMCID: PMC6648187 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-transgene immune responses elicited after intramuscular (i.m.) delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) have been shown to hamper long-term transgene expression in large-animal models of rAAV-mediated gene transfer. To overcome this hurdle, an alternative mode of delivery of rAAV vectors in nonhuman primate muscles has been described: the locoregional (LR) intravenous route of administration. Using this injection mode, persistent inducible transgene expression for at least 1 year under the control of the tetracycline-inducible Tet-On system was previously reported in cynomolgus monkeys, with no immunity against the rtTA transgene product. The present study shows the long-term follow-up of these animals. It is reported that LR delivery of a rAAV2/1 vector allows long-term inducible expression up to at least 5 years post gene transfer, with no any detectable host immune response against the transactivator rtTA, despite its immunogenicity following i.m. gene transfer. This study shows for the first time a long-term regulation of muscle gene expression using a Tet-On-inducible system in a large-animal model. Moreover, these findings further confirm that the rAAV LR delivery route is efficient and immunologically safe, allowing long-term skeletal muscle gene transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Guilbaud
- INSERM UMR 1089, Translational Gene Therapy for Genetic Diseases, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Devaux
- INSERM UMR 1089, Translational Gene Therapy for Genetic Diseases, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Celia Couzinié
- INSERM UMR 1089, Translational Gene Therapy for Genetic Diseases, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Johanne Le Duff
- INSERM UMR 1089, Translational Gene Therapy for Genetic Diseases, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Alice Toromanoff
- INSERM UMR 1089, Translational Gene Therapy for Genetic Diseases, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Vandamme
- INSERM UMR 1089, Translational Gene Therapy for Genetic Diseases, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Jaulin
- INSERM UMR 1089, Translational Gene Therapy for Genetic Diseases, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Gwladys Gernoux
- INSERM UMR 1089, Translational Gene Therapy for Genetic Diseases, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Philippe Moullier
- INSERM UMR 1089, Translational Gene Therapy for Genetic Diseases, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Le Guiner
- INSERM UMR 1089, Translational Gene Therapy for Genetic Diseases, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Oumeya Adjali
- INSERM UMR 1089, Translational Gene Therapy for Genetic Diseases, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bartolo L, Li Chung Tong S, Chappert P, Urbain D, Collaud F, Colella P, Richard I, Ronzitti G, Demengeot J, Gross DA, Mingozzi F, Davoust J. Dual muscle-liver transduction imposes immune tolerance for muscle transgene engraftment despite preexisting immunity. JCI Insight 2019; 4:127008. [PMID: 31167976 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to therapeutic transgenes are a potential hurdle to treat monogenic muscle disorders. These responses result from the neutralizing activity of transgene-specific B cells and cytotoxic T cells recruited upon gene transfer. We explored here how dual muscle-liver expression of a foreign transgene allows muscle transgene engraftment after adenoassociated viral vector delivery. We found in particular that induction of transgene-specific tolerance is imposed by concurrent muscle and liver targeting, resulting in the absence of CD8+ T cell responses to the transgene. This tolerance can be temporally decoupled, because transgene engraftment can be achieved in muscle weeks after liver transduction. Importantly, transgene-specific CD8+ T cell tolerance can be established despite preexisting immunity to the transgene. Whenever preexisting, transgene-specific CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cell responses are present, dual muscle-liver transduction turns polyclonal, transgene-specific CD8+ T cells into typically exhausted T cells with high programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression and lack of IFN-γ production. Our results demonstrate that successful transduction of muscle tissue can be achieved through liver-mediated control of humoral and cytotoxic T cell responses, even in the presence of preexisting immunity to the muscle-associated transgene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Bartolo
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; INSERM, U1151, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Li Chung Tong
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; INSERM, U1151, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Chappert
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; INSERM, U1151, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Urbain
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; INSERM, U1151, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Collaud
- Integrare Research Unit UMR S951, Genethon, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris Saclay, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Evry, France
| | - Pasqualina Colella
- Integrare Research Unit UMR S951, Genethon, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris Saclay, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Evry, France
| | - Isabelle Richard
- Integrare Research Unit UMR S951, Genethon, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris Saclay, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Evry, France
| | - Giuseppe Ronzitti
- Integrare Research Unit UMR S951, Genethon, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris Saclay, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Evry, France
| | | | - David A Gross
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; INSERM, U1151, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- Integrare Research Unit UMR S951, Genethon, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris Saclay, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Evry, France
| | - Jean Davoust
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; INSERM, U1151, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xiao Y, Muhuri M, Li S, Qin W, Xu G, Luo L, Li J, Letizia AJ, Wang SK, Chan YK, Wang C, Fuchs SP, Wang D, Su Q, Nahid MA, Church GM, Farzan M, Yang L, Wei Y, Desrosiers RC, Mueller C, Tai PW, Gao G. Circumventing cellular immunity by miR142-mediated regulation sufficiently supports rAAV-delivered OVA expression without activating humoral immunity. JCI Insight 2019; 5:99052. [PMID: 31112525 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated gene delivery can efficiently target muscle tissues to serve as "biofactories" for secreted proteins in prophylactic and therapeutic scenarios. Nevertheless, efficient rAAV-mediated gene delivery is often limited by host immune responses against the transgene product. The development of strategies to prevent anti-transgene immunity is therefore crucial. The employment of endogenous microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulation to detarget transgene expression from antigen presenting cells (APCs) has shown promise for reducing immunogenicity. However, the mechanisms underlying miRNA-mediated modulation of anti-transgene immunity by APC detargeting are not fully understood. Using the highly immunogenic ovalbumin (OVA) protein as a proxy for foreign antigens, we show that rAAV vectors containing miR142 binding sites efficiently repress co-stimulatory signals in dendritic cells, significantly blunt the cytotoxic T cell response, allow for sustained transgene expression in skeletal myoblasts, and attenuate clearance of transduced muscle cells in mice. Furthermore, the blunting of humoral immunity against circulating OVA correlates with detargeting of OVA expression from APCs. This demonstrates that incorporating APC-specific miRNA binding sites into rAAV vectors provides an effective strategy for reducing transgene-specific immune response. This approach holds promise for clinical applications where the safe and efficient delivery of a prophylactic or therapeutic protein is desired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Horae Gene Therapy Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manish Muhuri
- Horae Gene Therapy Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shaoyong Li
- Horae Gene Therapy Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wanru Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Horae Gene Therapy Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Li Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Horae Gene Therapy Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Horae Gene Therapy Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander J Letizia
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sean K Wang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ying Kai Chan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chunmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Sebastian P Fuchs
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qin Su
- Horae Gene Therapy Center and
| | - M Abu Nahid
- Horae Gene Therapy Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George M Church
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Farzan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ronald C Desrosiers
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Christian Mueller
- Horae Gene Therapy Center and.,Department of Pediatrics and.,Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Phillip Wl Tai
- Horae Gene Therapy Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Multifunctional CRISPR-Cas9 with engineered immunosilenced human T cell epitopes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1842. [PMID: 31015529 PMCID: PMC6478683 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas9 system has raised hopes for developing personalized gene therapies for complex diseases. Its application for genetic and epigenetic therapies in humans raises concerns over immunogenicity of the bacterially derived Cas9 protein. Here we detect antibodies to Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) in at least 5% of 143 healthy individuals. We also report pre-existing human CD8+T cell immunity in the majority of healthy individuals screened. We identify two immunodominant SpCas9 T cell epitopes for HLA-A*02:01 using an enhanced prediction algorithm that incorporates T cell receptor contact residue hydrophobicity and HLA binding and evaluated them by T cell assays using healthy donor PBMCs. In a proof-of-principle study, we demonstrate that Cas9 protein can be modified to eliminate immunodominant epitopes through targeted mutation while preserving its function and specificity. Our study highlights the problem of pre-existing immunity against CRISPR-associated nucleases and offers a potential solution to mitigate the T cell immune response. Possible immunogenicity of the Cas9 protein raises concerns about therapeutic applications. Here the authors identify pre-existing CD8+T-cell immunity in healthy individuals and in response modify Cas9 to remove the immunodominant epitopes.
Collapse
|
26
|
Innate Immune Response Following AAV Administration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1185:165-168. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27378-1_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
27
|
Crudele JM, Chamberlain JS. Cas9 immunity creates challenges for CRISPR gene editing therapies. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3497. [PMID: 30158648 PMCID: PMC6115392 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Crudele
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-7720, USA.,Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-7720, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Chamberlain
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-7720, USA. .,Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-7720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Duan D. Systemic AAV Micro-dystrophin Gene Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Mol Ther 2018; 26:2337-2356. [PMID: 30093306 PMCID: PMC6171037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal muscle disease caused by dystrophin gene mutation. Conceptually, replacing the mutated gene with a normal one would cure the disease. However, this task has encountered significant challenges due to the enormous size of the gene and the distribution of muscle throughout the body. The former creates a hurdle for viral vector packaging and the latter begs for whole-body therapy. To address these obstacles, investigators have invented the highly abbreviated micro-dystrophin gene and developed body-wide systemic gene transfer with adeno-associated virus (AAV). Numerous microgene configurations and various AAV serotypes have been explored in animal models in many laboratories. Preclinical data suggests that intravascular AAV micro-dystrophin delivery can significantly ameliorate muscle pathology, enhance muscle force, and attenuate dystrophic cardiomyopathy in animals. Against this backdrop, several clinical trials have been initiated to test the safety and tolerability of this promising therapy in DMD patients. While these trials are not powered to reach a conclusion on clinical efficacy, findings will inform the field on the prospects of body-wide DMD therapy with a synthetic micro-dystrophin AAV vector. This review discusses the history, current status, and future directions of systemic AAV micro-dystrophin therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Naso MF, Tomkowicz B, Perry WL, Strohl WR. Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) as a Vector for Gene Therapy. BioDrugs 2018; 31:317-334. [PMID: 28669112 PMCID: PMC5548848 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-017-0234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 703] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There has been a resurgence in gene therapy efforts that is partly fueled by the identification and understanding of new gene delivery vectors. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a non-enveloped virus that can be engineered to deliver DNA to target cells, and has attracted a significant amount of attention in the field, especially in clinical-stage experimental therapeutic strategies. The ability to generate recombinant AAV particles lacking any viral genes and containing DNA sequences of interest for various therapeutic applications has thus far proven to be one of the safest strategies for gene therapies. This review will provide an overview of some important factors to consider in the use of AAV as a vector for gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Naso
- Janssen Research and Development, 200 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA.
| | - Brian Tomkowicz
- Janssen Research and Development, 200 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - William L Perry
- Janssen Research and Development, 200 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Odiba A, Ottah V, Anunobi O, Ukegbu C, Uroko R, Ottah C, Edeke A, Omeje K. Current strides in AAV-derived vectors and SIN channels further relieves the limitations of gene therapy. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
31
|
Darcis G, Das AT, Berkhout B. Tackling HIV Persistence: Pharmacological versus CRISPR-Based Shock Strategies. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040157. [PMID: 29596334 PMCID: PMC5923451 DOI: 10.3390/v10040157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Jan Svoboda studied aspects of viral latency, in particular with respect to disease induction by avian RNA tumor viruses, which were later renamed as part of the extended retrovirus family. The course of retroviral pathogenesis is intrinsically linked to their unique property of integrating the DNA copy of the retroviral genome into that of the host cell, thus forming the provirus. Retroviral latency has recently become of major clinical interest to allow a better understanding of why we can effectively block the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in infected individuals with antiviral drugs, yet never reach a cure. We will discuss HIV-1 latency and its direct consequence—the formation of long-lasting HIV-1 reservoirs. We next focus on one of the most explored strategies in tackling HIV-1 reservoirs—the “shock and kill” strategy—which describes the broadly explored pharmacological way of kicking the latent provirus, with subsequent killing of the virus-producing cell by the immune system. We furthermore present how the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and associated protein (Cas) system can be harnessed to reach the same objective by reactivating HIV-1 gene expression from latency. We will review the benefits and drawbacks of these different cure strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Darcis
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Infectious Diseases Department, Liège University Hospital, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Atze T Das
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben Berkhout
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chew WL. Immunity to CRISPR Cas9 and Cas12a therapeutics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 10. [PMID: 29083112 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genome-editing therapeutics are poised to treat human diseases. As we enter clinical trials with the most promising CRISPR-Cas9 and CRISPR-Cas12a (Cpf1) modalities, the risks associated with administering these foreign biomolecules into human patients become increasingly salient. Preclinical discovery with CRISPR-Cas9 and CRISPR-Cas12a systems and foundational gene therapy studies indicate that the host immune system can mount undesired responses against the administered proteins and nucleic acids, the gene-edited cells, and the host itself. These host defenses include inflammation via activation of innate immunity, antibody induction in humoral immunity, and cell death by T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. If left unchecked, these immunological reactions can curtail therapeutic benefits and potentially lead to mortality. Ways to assay and reduce the immunogenicity of Cas9 and Cas12a proteins are therefore critical for ensuring patient safety and treatment efficacy, and for bringing us closer to realizing the vision of permanent genetic cures. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2018, 10:e1408. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1408 This article is categorized under: Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Genetic/Genomic Methods Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Therapeutic Methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Leong Chew
- Synthetic Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Selot R, Arumugam S, Mary B, Cheemadan S, Jayandharan GR. Optimized AAV rh.10 Vectors That Partially Evade Neutralizing Antibodies during Hepatic Gene Transfer. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:441. [PMID: 28769791 PMCID: PMC5511854 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the 12 common serotypes used for gene delivery applications, Adeno-associated virus (AAV)rh.10 serotype has shown sustained hepatic transduction and has the lowest seropositivity in humans. We have evaluated if further modifications to AAVrh.10 at its phosphodegron like regions or predicted immunogenic epitopes could improve its hepatic gene transfer and immune evasion potential. Mutant AAVrh.10 vectors were generated by site directed mutagenesis of the predicted targets. These mutant vectors were first tested for their transduction efficiency in HeLa and HEK293T cells. The optimal vector was further evaluated for their cellular uptake, entry, and intracellular trafficking by quantitative PCR and time-lapse confocal microscopy. To evaluate their potential during hepatic gene therapy, C57BL/6 mice were administered with wild-type or optimal mutant AAVrh.10 and the luciferase transgene expression was documented by serial bioluminescence imaging at 14, 30, 45, and 72 days post-gene transfer. Their hepatic transduction was further verified by a quantitative PCR analysis of AAV copy number in the liver tissue. The optimal AAVrh.10 vector was further evaluated for their immune escape potential, in animals pre-immunized with human intravenous immunoglobulin. Our results demonstrate that a modified AAVrh.10 S671A vector had enhanced cellular entry (3.6 fold), migrate rapidly to the perinuclear region (1 vs. >2 h for wild type vectors) in vitro, which further translates to modest increase in hepatic gene transfer efficiency in vivo. More importantly, the mutant AAVrh.10 vector was able to partially evade neutralizing antibodies (~27-64 fold) in pre-immunized animals. The development of an AAV vector system that can escape the circulating neutralizing antibodies in the host will substantially widen the scope of gene therapy applications in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchita Selot
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of TechnologyKanpur, India
| | - Sathyathithan Arumugam
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of TechnologyKanpur, India
| | - Bertin Mary
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of TechnologyKanpur, India
| | - Sabna Cheemadan
- Department of Hematology and Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), Christian Medical CollegeVellore, India
| | - Giridhara R. Jayandharan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of TechnologyKanpur, India
- Department of Hematology and Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), Christian Medical CollegeVellore, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ghenassia A, Gross DA, Lorain S, Tros F, Urbain D, Benkhelifa-Ziyyat S, Charbit A, Davoust J, Chappert P. Intradermal Immunization with rAAV1 Vector Induces Robust Memory CD8 + T Cell Responses Independently of Transgene Expression in DCs. Mol Ther 2017; 25:2309-2322. [PMID: 28720467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors exhibit interesting properties as vaccine carriers for their ability to induce long-lasting antibody responses. However, rAAV-based vaccines have been suggested to trigger functionally impaired long-term memory CD8+ T cell responses, in part due to poor dendritic cell (DC) transduction. Such results, albeit limited to intramuscular immunization, undermined the use of rAAV as vaccine vehicles against intracellular pathogens. We report here that intradermal immunization with a model rAAV2/1-based vaccine drives the development of bona fide long-term memory CD8+ T cell responses. The intradermal route of immunization and the presence of potent major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II responses showed synergistic effects on the overall quantity and quality of systemic long-term effector memory transgene-specific CD8+ T cells being generated against the transgene. Of key interest, we found that the induction of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) following intradermal immunization was solely dependent on the cross-presentation of skin-expressed transgene products, which appeared highly enhanced as compared to muscle-expressed transgene products. Overall our results highlight key tissue-specific differences in transgene presentation pathway requirements of importance for the design of rAAV-based T cell-inducing vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Ghenassia
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75743 Paris, France
| | - David-Alexandre Gross
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Lorain
- Myology Research Center, UM76, INSERM U974, CNRS FRE 3617, Institut de Myologie, UPMC Université Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabiola Tros
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Urbain
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Sofia Benkhelifa-Ziyyat
- Myology Research Center, UM76, INSERM U974, CNRS FRE 3617, Institut de Myologie, UPMC Université Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alain Charbit
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Jean Davoust
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75743 Paris, France.
| | - Pascal Chappert
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75743 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
After two decades of research, in vivo gene transfer with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors has now resulted in successful treatments and even cures for several human diseases. However, the potential for immune responses against the therapeutic gene products remains one of the concerns as this approach is broadened to more patients, diverse diseases, and target organs. Immune responses following gene transfer of coagulation factor IX (FIX) for the treatment of the bleeding disorder hemophilia B has been extensively investigated in multiple animal models. Findings from these studies have not only influenced clinical trial design but have broader implications for other diseases. The impact of vector design and dose, as well as target organ/route of administration on humoral and cellular immune responses are reviewed. Furthermore, the potential for tolerance induction by hepatic gene transfer or combination with immune modulation is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland W Herzog
- Dept. Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) include many disorders for which current treatments aim to ameliorate disease manifestations, but are not curative. Advances in the field of genome editing have recently resulted in the in vivo correction of murine models of IEM. Site-specific endonucleases, such as zinc-finger nucleases and the CRISPR/Cas9 system, in combination with delivery vectors engineered to target disease tissue, have enabled correction of mutations in disease models of hemophilia B, hereditary tyrosinemia type I, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, and lysosomal storage disorders. These in vivo gene correction studies, as well as an overview of genome editing and future directions for the field, are reviewed and discussed herein.
Collapse
|
37
|
Class I-restricted T-cell responses to a polymorphic peptide in a gene therapy clinical trial for α-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:1655-1659. [PMID: 28137880 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617726114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy is currently being pursued as a treatment for the monogenic disorder α-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency. Results from phase I and II studies have shown relatively stable and dose-dependent increases in transgene-derived wild-type AAT after local intramuscular vector administration. In this report we describe the appearance of transgene-specific T-cell responses in two subjects that were part of the phase II trial. The patient with the more robust T-cell response, which was associated with a reduction in transgene expression, was characterized more thoroughly in this study. We learned that the AAT-specific T cells in this patient were cytolytic in phenotype, mapped to a peptide in the endogenous mutant AAT protein that contained a common polymorphism not incorporated into the transgene, and were restricted by a rare HLA class I C alleles present only in this patient. These human studies illustrate the genetic influence of the endogenous gene and HLA haplotype on the outcome of gene therapy.
Collapse
|
38
|
Fuchs SP, Desrosiers RC. Promise and problems associated with the use of recombinant AAV for the delivery of anti-HIV antibodies. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16068. [PMID: 28197421 PMCID: PMC5289440 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Attempts to elicit antibodies with potent neutralizing activity against a broad range of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolates have so far proven unsuccessful. Long-term delivery of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with such activity is a creative alternative that circumvents the need for an immune response and has the potential for creating a long-lasting sterilizing barrier against HIV. This approach is made possible by an incredible array of potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that have been identified over the last several years. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are ideally suited for long-term delivery for a variety of reasons. The only products made from rAAV are derived from the transgenes that are put into it; as long as those products are not viewed as foreign, expression from muscle tissue may continue for decades. Thus, use of rAAV to achieve long-term delivery of anti-HIV mAbs with potent neutralizing activity against a broad range of HIV-1 isolates is emerging as a promising concept for the prevention or treatment of HIV-1 infection in humans. Experiments in mice and monkeys that have demonstrated protective efficacy against AIDS virus infection have raised hopes for the promise of this approach. However, all published experiments in monkeys have encountered unwanted immune responses to the AAV-delivered antibody, and these immune responses appear to limit the levels of delivered antibody that can be achieved. In this review, we highlight the promise of rAAV-mediated antibody delivery for the prevention or treatment of HIV infection in humans, but we also discuss the obstacles that will need to be understood and solved in order for the promise of this approach to be realized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Fuchs
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ronald C Desrosiers
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
A multifunctional AAV-CRISPR-Cas9 and its host response. Nat Methods 2016; 13:868-74. [PMID: 27595405 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 delivery by adeno-associated virus (AAV) holds promise for gene therapy but faces critical barriers on account of its potential immunogenicity and limited payload capacity. Here, we demonstrate genome engineering in postnatal mice using AAV-split-Cas9, a multifunctional platform customizable for genome editing, transcriptional regulation, and other previously impracticable applications of AAV-CRISPR-Cas9. We identify crucial parameters that impact efficacy and clinical translation of our platform, including viral biodistribution, editing efficiencies in various organs, antigenicity, immunological reactions, and physiological outcomes. These results reveal that AAV-CRISPR-Cas9 evokes host responses with distinct cellular and molecular signatures, but unlike alternative delivery methods, does not induce extensive cellular damage in vivo. Our study provides a foundation for developing effective genome therapeutics.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive lethal inherited muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin, a protein required for muscle fibre integrity. So far, many approaches have been tested from the traditional gene addition to newer advanced approaches based on manipulation of the cellular machinery either at the gene transcription, mRNA processing or translation levels. Unfortunately, despite all these efforts, no efficient treatments for DMD are currently available. In this review, we highlight the most advanced therapeutic strategies under investigation as potential DMD treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayder Abdul-Razak
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Alberto Malerba
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - George Dickson
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ertl HC. Viral vectors as vaccine carriers. Curr Opin Virol 2016; 21:1-8. [PMID: 27327517 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This chapter reviews the performance of viral vectors based on adenoviruses or adeno-associated virus as vaccine carriers for infectious diseases. Replication-defective adenovirus vectors based on multiple human or non-human serotypes have consistently induced potent transgene product-specific B and T cell responses and are increasingly being explored in human clinical trials. The immunogenicity of most vectors based on adeno-associated virus vectors has been poor with the exception of a recently described hybrid vector from rhesus macaques that due to its ability to induce potent responses in mice warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hildegund Cj Ertl
- Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Madigan VJ, Asokan A. Engineering AAV receptor footprints for gene therapy. Curr Opin Virol 2016; 18:89-96. [PMID: 27262111 PMCID: PMC6537878 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are currently at the forefront of human gene therapy clinical trials as recombinant vectors. Significant progress has been made in elucidating the structure, biology and tropisms of different naturally occurring AAV isolates in the past decade. In particular, a spectrum of AAV capsid interactions with host receptors have been identified and characterized. These studies have enabled a better understanding of key determinants of AAV cell recognition and entry in different hosts. This knowledge is now being applied toward engineering new, lab-derived AAV capsids with favorable transduction profiles. The current review conveys a structural perspective of capsid-glycan interactions and provides a roadmap for generating synthetic strains by engineering AAV receptor footprints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Madigan
- Gene Therapy Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Gene Therapy Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Boyd RF, Boye SL, Conlon TJ, Erger KE, Sledge DG, Langohr IM, Hauswirth WW, Komáromy AM, Boye SE, Petersen-Jones SM, Bartoe JT. Reduced retinal transduction and enhanced transgene-directed immunogenicity with intravitreal delivery of rAAV following posterior vitrectomy in dogs. Gene Ther 2016; 23:548-56. [PMID: 27052802 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-based gene therapy is a promising treatment strategy for delivery of neurotrophic transgenes to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in glaucoma patients. Retinal distribution of transgene expression following intravitreal injection (IVT) of AAV is variable in animal models and the vitreous humor may represent a barrier to initial vector penetration. The primary goal of our study was to investigate the effect of prior core vitrectomy with posterior hyaloid membrane peeling on pattern and efficiency of transduction of a capsid amino acid substituted AAV2 vector, carrying the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter transgene following IVT in dogs. When progressive intraocular inflammation developed starting 4 weeks post IVT, the study plan was modified to allow detailed characterization of the etiology as a secondary goal. Unexpectedly, surgical vitrectomy was found to significantly limit transduction, whereas in non-vitrectomized eyes transduction efficiency reached upwards to 37.3% of RGC layer cells. The developing retinitis was characterized by mononuclear cell infiltrates resulting from a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, which we suspect was directed at the GFP transgene. Our results, in a canine large animal model, support caution when considering surgical vitrectomy before IVT for retinal gene therapy in patients, as prior vitrectomy appears to significantly reduce transduction efficiency and may predispose the patient to development of vector-induced immune reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R F Boyd
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - S L Boye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - T J Conlon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - K E Erger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - D G Sledge
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - I M Langohr
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - W W Hauswirth
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - A M Komáromy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - S E Boye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S M Petersen-Jones
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - J T Bartoe
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Genetic Manipulation of Brown Fat Via Oral Administration of an Engineered Recombinant Adeno-associated Viral Serotype Vector. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1062-1069. [PMID: 26857843 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are attractive vehicles for gene therapy. Gene delivery to the adipose tissue using naturally occurring AAV serotypes is less successful compared to liver and muscle. Here, we demonstrate that oral administration of an engineered serotype Rec2 led to preferential transduction of brown fat with absence of transduction in the gastrointestinal track. Among the six natural and engineered serotypes being compared, Rec2 was the most efficient serotype achieving high level transduction at a dose 1~2 orders lower than reported doses for systemic administration. Overexpressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in brown fat via oral administration of Rec2-VEGF vector increased the brown fat mass and enhanced thermogenesis. In contrast, knockdown VEGF in brown fat of VEGF (loxP) mice via Rec2-Cre vector hampered cold response and decreased brown fat mass. Oral administration of Rec2 vector provides a novel tool to genetically manipulate brown fat for research and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
|
45
|
Doerfler PA, Nayak S, Corti M, Morel L, Herzog RW, Byrne BJ. Targeted approaches to induce immune tolerance for Pompe disease therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:15053. [PMID: 26858964 PMCID: PMC4729315 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme and gene replacement strategies have developed into viable therapeutic approaches for the treatment of Pompe disease (acid α-glucosidase (GAA) deficiency). Unfortunately, the introduction of GAA and viral vectors encoding the enzyme can lead to detrimental immune responses that attenuate treatment benefits and can impact patient safety. Preclinical and clinical experience in addressing humoral responses toward enzyme and gene therapy for Pompe disease have provided greater understanding of the immunological consequences of the provided therapy. B- and T-cell modulation has been shown to be effective in preventing infusion-associated reactions during enzyme replacement therapy in patients and has shown similar success in the context of gene therapy. Additional techniques to induce humoral tolerance for Pompe disease have been the targeted expression or delivery of GAA to discrete cell types or tissues such as the gut-associated lymphoid tissues, red blood cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and the liver. Research into overcoming preexisting immunity through immunomodulation and gene transfer are becoming increasingly important to achieve long-term efficacy. This review highlights the advances in therapies as well as the improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the humoral immune response with emphasis on methods employed to overcome responses associated with enzyme and gene therapies for Pompe disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A Doerfler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sushrusha Nayak
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuela Corti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Barry J Byrne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Vidović D, Gijsbers R, Quiles-Jimenez A, Dooley J, Van den Haute C, Van der Perren A, Liston A, Baekelandt V, Debyser Z, Carlon MS. Noninvasive Imaging Reveals Stable Transgene Expression in Mouse Airways After Delivery of a Nonintegrating Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vector. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:60-71. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Vidović
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Ana Quiles-Jimenez
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - James Dooley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie, Translational Immunology Laboratory, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Anke Van der Perren
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie, Translational Immunology Laboratory, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Marianne Sylvia Carlon
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fargnoli AS, Katz MG, Williams RD, Kendle AP, Steuerwald N, Bridges CR. Liquid jet delivery method featuring S100A1 gene therapy in the rodent model following acute myocardial infarction. Gene Ther 2015; 23:151-7. [PMID: 26461176 PMCID: PMC4742412 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The S100A1 gene is a promising target enhancing contractility and survival post myocardial infarction (MI). Achieving sufficient gene delivery within safety limits is a major translational problem. This proof of concept study evaluates viral-mediated S100A1 overexpression featuring a novel liquid jet delivery (LJ) method. 24 rats after successful MI were divided into 3 groups (n=8 ea.): saline control (SA), ssAAV9.S100A1 (SS) delivery, and scAAV9.S100A1 (SC) delivery (both 1.2×1011 viral particles). For each post MI rat, the LJ device fired three separate 100 μL injections into the myocardium. Following 10 weeks, all rats were evaluated with echocardiography, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and overall S100A1 and CD38 immune protein. At 10 weeks all groups demonstrated a functional decline from baseline, but the S100A1 therapy groups displayed preserved LV function with significantly higher ejection fraction %; SS group [60±3] and SC group [57±4] versus saline [46±3], p<0.05. Heart qPCR testing showed robust S100A1 in the SS [10,147±3993] and SC [35,155±5808] copies per 100 ng DNA, while off target liver detection was lower in both SS [40±40], SC [34,841±3164] respectively. Cardiac S100A1 protein expression was [4.3±0.2] and [6.1±0.3] fold higher than controls in the SS and SC groups respectively, p<0.05.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Fargnoli
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - M G Katz
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - R D Williams
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - A P Kendle
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - N Steuerwald
- Molecular Biology Core, Department of Therapeutic Research and Development, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - C R Bridges
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a relatively common inherited disorder caused by defective expression of the protein dystrophin. The most direct approach to treating this disease would be to restore dystrophin production in muscle. Recent progress has greatly increased the prospects for successful gene therapy of DMD, and here we summarize the most promising developments. AREAS COVERED Gene transfer using vectors derived from adeno-associated virus (AAV) has emerged as a promising method to restore dystrophin production in muscles bodywide, and represents a treatment option applicable to all DMD patients. Using information gleaned from PubMed searches of the literature, attendance at scientific conferences and results from our own lab, we provide an overview of the potential for gene therapy of DMD using AAV vectors including a summary of promising developments and issues that need to be resolved prior to large-scale therapeutic implementation. EXPERT OPINION Of the many approaches being pursued to treat DMD and BMD, gene therapy based on AAV-mediated delivery of microdystrophin is the most direct and promising method to treat the cause of the disorder. The major challenges to this approach are ensuring that microdystrophin can be delivered safely and efficiently without eliciting an immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Ramos
- University of Washington, Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Research Center, Department of Neurology, Seattle, WA, 98195-7720, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Chamberlain
- University of Washington, Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Research Center, Department of Neurology, Seattle, WA, 98195-7720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tai DS, Hu C, Lee CCI, Martinez M, Cantero G, Kim EH, Tarantal AF, Lipshutz GS. Development of operational immunologic tolerance with neonatal gene transfer in nonhuman primates: preliminary studies. Gene Ther 2015; 22:923-30. [PMID: 26333349 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Achieving persistent expression is a prerequisite for effective genetic therapies for inherited disorders. These proof-of-concept studies focused on adeno-associated virus (AAV) administration to newborn monkeys. Serotype rh10 AAV expressing ovalbumin and green fluorescent protein (GFP) was administered intravenously at birth and compared with vehicle controls. At 4 months postnatal age, a second injection was administered intramuscularly, followed by vaccination at 1 year of age with ovalbumin and GFP. Ovalbumin was highest 2 weeks post administration in the treated monkey, which declined but remained detectable thereafter; controls demonstrated no expression. Long-term AAV genome copies were present in myocytes. At 4 weeks, neutralizing antibodies to rh10 were present in the experimental animal only. With AAV9 administration at 4 months, controls showed transient ovalbumin expression that disappeared with the development of strong anti-ovalbumin and anti-GFP antibodies. In contrast, increased and maintained ovalbumin expression was noted in the monkey administered AAV at birth, without antibody development. After vaccination, the experimental monkey maintained levels of ovalbumin without antibodies, whereas controls demonstrated high levels of antibodies. These preliminary studies suggest that newborn AAV administration expressing secreted and intracellular xenogenic proteins may result in persistent expression in muscle, and subsequent vector administration can result in augmented expression without humoral immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Tai
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Hu
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C C I Lee
- California National Primate Research Center and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M Martinez
- California National Primate Research Center and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - G Cantero
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E H Kim
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A F Tarantal
- California National Primate Research Center and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - G S Lipshutz
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hardet R, Chevalier B, Dupaty L, Naïmi Y, Riou G, Drouot L, Jean L, Salvetti A, Boyer O, Adriouch S. Oral-tolerization Prevents Immune Responses and Improves Transgene Persistence Following Gene Transfer Mediated by Adeno-associated Viral Vector. Mol Ther 2015; 24:87-95. [PMID: 26265250 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy represents a feasible strategy to treat inherited monogenic diseases and intramuscular (i.m.) injection of recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector is now recognized as a convenient and safe method of gene transfer. However, this approach is hampered by immune responses directed against the vector and against the transgenic protein. We used here to reproduce this situation a mouse model where robust immune responses are induced following injection of an AAV vector coding for an immunogenic transgenic protein. We show that prophylactic oral administration of the immunogenic protein before AAV-mediated gene transfer completely prevented antibody formation and cytotoxic CD8(+) T-cell response. Consistently, prophylactic oral-tolerization considerably improved long-term transgene persistence and expression. Mechanistically, inhibition of the cytotoxic immune response involved abortive proliferation of antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells, upregulation of the PD-1 immunoregulatory molecule, downregulation of the Bcl-2 antiapoptotic factor, and their deletion in the context of AAV-mediated gene transfer. Hence, gene therapy may represent an ideal situation where oral-tolerization can be adopted before or at the same time as vector injection to efficiently prevent deleterious immune responses directed against the transgenic protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Hardet
- Inserm, U905, Rouen, France.,Normandie University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Benjamin Chevalier
- Inserm, U905, Rouen, France.,Normandie University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Léa Dupaty
- Inserm, U905, Rouen, France.,Normandie University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Yassine Naïmi
- Inserm, U905, Rouen, France.,Normandie University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Gaëtan Riou
- Inserm, U905, Rouen, France.,Normandie University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Laurent Drouot
- Inserm, U905, Rouen, France.,Normandie University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Laetitia Jean
- Inserm, U905, Rouen, France.,Normandie University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Anna Salvetti
- International Center for Research in Infectiology (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, UCB-Lyon1, Lyon, France.,LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Boyer
- Inserm, U905, Rouen, France.,Normandie University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France.,Rouen University Hospital, Department of Immunology, Rouen, France
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- Inserm, U905, Rouen, France.,Normandie University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|