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Marshall-Burghardt S, Migueles-Ramírez RA, Lin Q, El Baba N, Saada R, Umar M, Mavalwala K, Hayer A. Excitable Rho dynamics control cell shape and motility by sequentially activating ERM proteins and actomyosin contractility. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn6858. [PMID: 39241071 PMCID: PMC11378911 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn6858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024]
Abstract
Migration of endothelial and many other cells requires spatiotemporal regulation of protrusive and contractile cytoskeletal rearrangements that drive local cell shape changes. Unexpectedly, the small GTPase Rho, a crucial regulator of cell movement, has been reported to be active in both local cell protrusions and retractions, raising the question of how Rho activity can coordinate cell migration. Here, we show that Rho activity is absent in local protrusions and active during retractions. During retractions, Rho rapidly activated ezrin-radixin-moesin proteins (ERMs) to increase actin-membrane attachment, and, with a delay, nonmuscle myosin 2 (NM2). Rho activity was excitable, with NM2 acting as a slow negative feedback regulator. Strikingly, inhibition of SLK/LOK kinases, through which Rho activates ERMs, caused elongated cell morphologies, impaired Rho-induced cell contractions, and reverted Rho-induced blebbing. Together, our study demonstrates that Rho activity drives retractions by sequentially enhancing ERM-mediated actin-membrane attachment for force transmission and NM2-dependent contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seph Marshall-Burghardt
- Department of Biology, Stewart Biology Building, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
- Graduate Program in Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rodrigo A Migueles-Ramírez
- Department of Biology, Stewart Biology Building, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
- PhD Program in Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Qiyao Lin
- Department of Biology, Stewart Biology Building, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
- Graduate Program in Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nada El Baba
- Department of Biology, Stewart Biology Building, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
- Graduate Program in Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rayan Saada
- Department of Biology, Stewart Biology Building, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Mustakim Umar
- Department of Biology, Stewart Biology Building, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Kian Mavalwala
- Department of Biology, Stewart Biology Building, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Arnold Hayer
- Department of Biology, Stewart Biology Building, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
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Lombardo AT, Mitchell CAR, Zaman R, McDermitt DJ, Bretscher A. ARHGAP18-ezrin functions as an autoregulatory module for RhoA in the assembly of distinct actin-based structures. eLife 2024; 13:e83526. [PMID: 38193818 PMCID: PMC10830128 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The location of different actin-based structures is largely regulated by Rho GTPases through specific effectors. We use the apical aspect of epithelial cells as a model system to investigate how RhoA is locally regulated to contribute to two distinct adjacent actin-based structures. Assembly of the non-muscle myosin-2 filaments in the terminal web is dependent on RhoA activity, and assembly of the microvilli also requires active RhoA for phosphorylation and activation of ezrin. We show that the RhoGAP, ARHGAP18, is localized by binding active microvillar ezrin, and this interaction enhances ARHGAP18's RhoGAP activity. We present a model where ezrin-ARHGAP18 acts as a negative autoregulatory module to locally reduce RhoA activity in microvilli. Consistent with this model, loss of ARHGAP18 results in disruption of the distinction between microvilli and the terminal web including aberrant assembly of myosin-2 filaments forming inside microvilli. Thus, ARHGAP18, through its recruitment and activation by ezrin, fine-tunes the local level of RhoA to allow for the appropriate distribution of actin-based structures between the microvilli and terminal web. As RhoGAPs vastly outnumber Rho GTPases, this may represent a general mechanism whereby individual Rho effectors drive specific actin-based structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Cameron AR Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Riasat Zaman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - David J McDermitt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Anthony Bretscher
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
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González-Arostegui LG, Muñoz-Prieto A, Rubio CP, Cerón JJ, Bernal L, Rubić I, Mrljak V, González-Sánchez JC, Tvarijonaviciute A. Changes of the salivary and serum proteome in canine hypothyroidism. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2024; 86:106825. [PMID: 37980820 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2023.106825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, changes in salivary and serum proteome of dogs with hypothyroidism were studied using tandem mass tags (TMT) labelling and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Saliva and serum proteome from 10 dogs with hypothyroidism were compared with 10 healthy dogs. In saliva, a total of seven proteins showed significant changes between the two groups, being six downregulated and one upregulated, meanwhile, in serum, a total of six proteins showed significant changes, being five downregulated and one upregulated. The altered proteins reflected metabolic and immunologic changes, as well as, skin and coagulation alterations, and these proteins were not affected by gender. One of the proteins that were downregulated in saliva, lactate dehydrognease (LDH), was measured by a spectrophotometric assay in saliva samples from 42 dogs with hypothyroidism, 42 dogs with non-thyroid diseases and 46 healthy dogs. The activity of LDH was lower in the saliva of hypothyroid dogs when compared to non-thyroid diseased dogs and healthy controls. This study indicates that canine hypothyroidism can produce changes in the proteome of saliva and serum. These two sample types showed different variations in their proteins reflecting physiopathological changes that occur in this disease, mainly related to the immune system, metabolism, skin and coagulation. In addition, some of the proteins identified in this study, specially LDH in saliva, should be further explored as potential biomarkers of canine hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G González-Arostegui
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Muñoz-Prieto
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - C P Rubio
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J J Cerón
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - L Bernal
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - I Rubić
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - V Mrljak
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J C González-Sánchez
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Tvarijonaviciute
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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4
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Li M, Luo S, Zhuo Z, Shu M. Two cases of pediatric primary immunodeficiency caused by a familial moesin(MSN)gene mutation. Clin Immunol 2024; 258:109858. [PMID: 38052292 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated two brothers who presented with repeated lung infections after 6 months of age. Lymphocytes and neutrophils were significantly decreased, and both had bronchiectasis and emphysema. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize the complete picture of lung injury in some types of primary immunodeficiency disease, followed by verification and analysis. METHODS We performed immune function determination, a complete examination of the respiratory system, genetic analysis, and literature research. RESULTS The levels of lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer cells in the brothers were significantly decreased. The IgM and IgG levels of the older brother were decreased, while the IgM and IgA levels of the younger brother were decreased. Both brothers had bronchial wall erosion with a worm-eaten appearance and decreased lung function. Genetic testing revealed a hemizygous missense mutation (c.511C > T:p.R171W) in exon 5 of the MSN gene, which was inherited from the mother. A literature review showed that the primary immunodeficiency caused by MSN gene mutations is an X-linked recessive genetic disease with four known gene mutation sites, including nonsense and missense mutations. Nonsense mutations result in a higher incidence of autoimmune diseases and a lower degree of immune function impairment. Nonsense mutations closer to the front of the MSN gene may cause more severe disease. Neonatal disease screening can improve the early diagnosis rate, but hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) treatment is controversial. CONCLUSION The primary immunodeficiency disease caused by MSN gene mutation is an X-linked recessive genetic disease that involves structural and functional damage to the respiratory system, and the worm-eaten appearance of the bronchial wall under endoscopy may be a relatively specific sign. The general manifestations of this disease are recurrent infections from 1 month to 6 months after birth, significantly reduced counts of lymphocytes and neutrophils, and decreased cellular and humoral immune function. Different types of MSN gene mutations and nonsense mutations at different sites have different clinical phenotypes. This study enriches the known spectrum of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muquan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Xiamen Hospital (Research Institute), Sichuan University, Xiamen, China; The Xiamen Key Laboratory of Psychoradiology and Neuromodulation, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuanghong Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Min Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Xiamen Hospital (Research Institute), Sichuan University, Xiamen, China; The Xiamen Key Laboratory of Psychoradiology and Neuromodulation, Xiamen, China; Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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5
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Deng H, Jia Q, Ming X, Sun Y, Lu Y, Liu L, Zhou J. Hippo pathway in intestinal diseases: focusing on ferroptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1291686. [PMID: 38130953 PMCID: PMC10734691 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1291686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer, has steadily increased over the past decades. The Hippo pathway is involved in cell proliferation, tissue and organ damage, energy metabolism, tumor formation, and other physiologic processes. Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by the accumulation of iron and lipid peroxides. The Hippo pathway and ferroptosis are associated with various intestinal diseases; however, the crosstalk between them is unclear. This review elaborates on the current research on the Hippo pathway and ferroptosis in the context of intestinal diseases. We summarized the connection between the Hippo pathway and ferroptosis to elucidate the underlying mechanism by which these pathways influence intestinal diseases. We speculate that a mutual regulatory mechanism exists between the Hippo pathway and ferroptosis and these two pathways interact in several ways to regulate intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
| | - Qiuting Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
| | - Xin Ming
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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6
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Peskar D, Kerec Kos M, Cerkvenik U, Nemec Svete A, Erman A. Sex-Dependent Differences in Blood-Urine Barrier Are Subtle but Significant in Healthy and Chronically Inflamed Mouse Bladders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16296. [PMID: 38003485 PMCID: PMC10670955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The urothelium is a vital permeability barrier that prevents the uncontrolled flow of urinary components into and out of the bladder interstitium. Our study addressed the question of possible sex-specific variations in the urothelium of healthy mice and their impact on chronic bladder inflammation. We found that healthy female bladders have a less robust barrier function than male bladders, as indicated by significant differences in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values. These differences could be attributed to detected higher claudin 2 mRNA expression and a less pronounced glycocalyx in females than in males. In addition, TEER measurements showed delayed barrier recovery in chronically inflamed female bladders. We found subtle differences in the expressions of genes involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton between the sexes, as well as pronounced urothelial hyperplasia in females compensating for attenuated barrier function. The identified genetic variations in glycosylation pathways may also contribute to this divergence. Our findings add to the growing body of literature on the intricate sex-specific nuances of urothelial permeability function and their implications for chronic bladder inflammation. Understanding these differences could lead to tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the treatment of bladder disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Peskar
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.P.); (U.C.)
| | - Mojca Kerec Kos
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Uroš Cerkvenik
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.P.); (U.C.)
| | - Alenka Nemec Svete
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Andreja Erman
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.P.); (U.C.)
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Zhao A, Varady S, O'Kelley-Bangsberg M, Deng V, Platenkamp A, Wijngaard P, Bern M, Gormley W, Kushkowski E, Thompson K, Tibbetts L, Conner AT, Noeckel D, Teran A, Ritz A, Applewhite DA. From network analysis to experimental validation: identification of regulators of non-muscle myosin II contractility using the folded-gastrulation signaling pathway. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:32. [PMID: 37821823 PMCID: PMC10568788 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-023-00492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphogenetic process of apical constriction, which relies on non-muscle myosin II (NMII) generated constriction of apical domains of epithelial cells, is key to the development of complex cellular patterns. Apical constriction occurs in almost all multicellular organisms, but one of the most well-characterized systems is the Folded-gastrulation (Fog)-induced apical constriction that occurs in Drosophila. The binding of Fog to its cognizant receptors Mist/Smog results in a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of NMII-generated contractility. Despite our knowledge of key molecular players involved in Fog signaling, we sought to explore whether other proteins have an undiscovered role in its regulation. We developed a computational method to predict unidentified candidate NMII regulators using a network of pairwise protein-protein interactions called an interactome. We first constructed a Drosophila interactome of over 500,000 protein-protein interactions from several databases that curate high-throughput experiments. Next, we implemented several graph-based algorithms that predicted 14 proteins potentially involved in Fog signaling. To test these candidates, we used RNAi depletion in combination with a cellular contractility assay in Drosophila S2R + cells, which respond to Fog by contracting in a stereotypical manner. Of the candidates we screened using this assay, two proteins, the serine/threonine phosphatase Flapwing and the putative guanylate kinase CG11811 were demonstrated to inhibit cellular contractility when depleted, suggestive of their roles as novel regulators of the Fog pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Zhao
- Reed College Department of Biology, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| | - Sophia Varady
- Reed College Department of Biology, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| | | | - Vicki Deng
- Reed College Department of Biology, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| | - Amy Platenkamp
- Reed College Department of Biology, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| | - Petra Wijngaard
- Reed College Department of Biology, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| | - Miriam Bern
- Reed College Department of Biology, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| | - Wyatt Gormley
- Reed College Department of Biology, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| | - Elaine Kushkowski
- Reed College Department of Biology, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| | - Kat Thompson
- Reed College Department of Biology, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| | - Logan Tibbetts
- Reed College Department of Biology, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| | - A Tamar Conner
- Reed College Department of Biology, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| | - David Noeckel
- Reed College Department of Biology, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| | - Aidan Teran
- Reed College Department of Biology, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| | - Anna Ritz
- Reed College Department of Biology, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA.
| | - Derek A Applewhite
- Reed College Department of Biology, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA.
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8
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Moustafa A, Hashemi S, Brar G, Grigull J, Ng SHS, Williams D, Schmitt-Ulms G, McDermott JC. The MEF2A transcription factor interactome in cardiomyocytes. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:240. [PMID: 37019881 PMCID: PMC10076289 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulators encoded by the Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2) gene family play a fundamental role in cardiac development, homeostasis and pathology. Previous studies indicate that MEF2A protein-protein interactions serve as a network hub in several cardiomyocyte cellular processes. Based on the idea that interactions with regulatory protein partners underly the diverse roles of MEF2A in cardiomyocyte gene expression, we undertook a systematic unbiased screen of the MEF2A protein interactome in primary cardiomyocytes using an affinity purification-based quantitative mass spectrometry approach. Bioinformatic processing of the MEF2A interactome revealed protein networks involved in the regulation of programmed cell death, inflammatory responses, actin dynamics and stress signaling in primary cardiomyocytes. Further biochemical and functional confirmation of specific protein-protein interactions documented a dynamic interaction between MEF2A and STAT3 proteins. Integration of transcriptome level data from MEF2A and STAT3-depleted cardiomyocytes reveals that the balance between MEF2A and STAT3 activity exerts a level of executive control over the inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte cell survival and experimentally ameliorates Phenylephrine induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Lastly, we identified several MEF2A/STAT3 co-regulated genes, including the MMP9 gene. Herein, we document the cardiomyocyte MEF2A interactome, which furthers our understanding of protein networks involved in the hierarchical control of normal and pathophysiological cardiomyocyte gene expression in the mammalian heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Moustafa
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Sara Hashemi
- Analytical Sciences, Sanofi, Toronto, ON, M2R 3T4, Canada
- Seneca College, School of Health Sciences, King City, ON, L7B 1B3, Canada
| | - Gurnoor Brar
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jörg Grigull
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Siemon H S Ng
- Analytical Sciences, Sanofi, Toronto, ON, M2R 3T4, Canada
- Analytical Development, Notch Therapeutics, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Declan Williams
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Gerold Schmitt-Ulms
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - John C McDermott
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
- Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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9
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Sepers JJ, Ramalho JJ, Kroll JR, Schmidt R, Boxem M. ERM-1 Phosphorylation and NRFL-1 Redundantly Control Lumen Formation in the C. elegans Intestine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:769862. [PMID: 35198555 PMCID: PMC8860247 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.769862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reorganization of the plasma membrane and underlying actin cytoskeleton into specialized domains is essential for the functioning of most polarized cells in animals. Proteins of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) and Na+/H+ exchanger 3 regulating factor (NHERF) family are conserved regulators of cortical specialization. ERM proteins function as membrane-actin linkers and as molecular scaffolds that organize the distribution of proteins at the membrane. NHERF proteins are PDZ-domain containing adapters that can bind to ERM proteins and extend their scaffolding capability. Here, we investigate how ERM and NHERF proteins function in regulating intestinal lumen formation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans has single ERM and NHERF family proteins, termed ERM-1 and NRFL-1, and ERM-1 was previously shown to be critical for intestinal lumen formation. Using CRISPR/Cas9-generated nrfl-1 alleles we demonstrate that NRFL-1 localizes at the intestinal microvilli, and that this localization is depended on an interaction with ERM-1. However, nrfl-1 loss of function mutants are viable and do not show defects in intestinal development. Interestingly, combining nrfl-1 loss with erm-1 mutants that either block or mimic phosphorylation of a regulatory C-terminal threonine causes severe defects in intestinal lumen formation. These defects are not observed in the phosphorylation mutants alone, and resemble the effects of strong erm-1 loss of function. The loss of NRFL-1 did not affect the localization or activity of ERM-1. Together, these data indicate that ERM-1 and NRFL-1 function together in intestinal lumen formation in C. elegans. We postulate that the functioning of ERM-1 in this tissue involves actin-binding activities that are regulated by the C-terminal threonine residue and the organization of apical domain composition through NRFL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorian J Sepers
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - João J Ramalho
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jason R Kroll
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ruben Schmidt
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mike Boxem
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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10
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Bommanavar S, Kanetkar SR, Datkhile KD, More AL. Membrane-organizing extension spike protein and its role as an emerging biomarker in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2022; 26:82-86. [PMID: 35571321 PMCID: PMC9106235 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_182_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most malignant tumor worldwide with a relatively poor prognosis. This can be due to lack of using new specific biomarkers as a mode of pristine interventional therapy for detecting the lesions at an early stage, thereby not allowing it to proceed to a severe advanced stage. Biomarkers, being the products of malignant cells, can prove to be promising prognostic factors in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of oral cancer. One such biomarker is membrane-organizing extension spike protein (MOESIN). Belonging to the family of ezrin/radixin/MOESIN proteins, MOESIN acts as a structural linker between plasma membrane and actin filament of the cell moiety and is involved in regulating many fundamental cellular processes such as cell morphology, adhesion and motility. This narrative review is a systematic compilation on MOESIN and its role as an emerging biomarker in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Bommanavar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, KIMSDU, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujata R Kanetkar
- Department of Pathology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kailas D Datkhile
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, KIMSDU, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwini L More
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, KIMSDU, Karad, Maharashtra, India
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11
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Tsujita K, Satow R, Asada S, Nakamura Y, Arnes L, Sako K, Fujita Y, Fukami K, Itoh T. Homeostatic membrane tension constrains cancer cell dissemination by counteracting BAR protein assembly. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5930. [PMID: 34635648 PMCID: PMC8505629 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignancy is associated with changes in cell mechanics that contribute to extensive cell deformation required for metastatic dissemination. We hypothesized that the cell-intrinsic physical factors that maintain epithelial cell mechanics could function as tumor suppressors. Here we show, using optical tweezers, genetic interference, mechanical perturbations, and in vivo studies, that epithelial cells maintain higher plasma membrane (PM) tension than their metastatic counterparts and that high PM tension potently inhibits cancer cell migration and invasion by counteracting membrane curvature sensing/generating BAR family proteins. This tensional homeostasis is achieved by membrane-to-cortex attachment (MCA) regulated by ERM proteins, whose disruption spontaneously transforms epithelial cells into a mesenchymal migratory phenotype powered by BAR proteins. Consistently, the forced expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-inducing transcription factors results in decreased PM tension. In metastatic cells, increasing PM tension by manipulating MCA is sufficient to suppress both mesenchymal and amoeboid 3D migration, tumor invasion, and metastasis by compromising membrane-mediated mechanosignaling by BAR proteins, thereby uncovering a previously undescribed mechanical tumor suppressor mechanism. Changes in cell mechanics contribute to cancer cell dissemination. Here the authors show that high plasma membrane (PM) tension inhibits cancer dissemination by counteracting mechanosensitive BAR family protein assembly, while restoration of PM tension phenotypically convert malignant cells into a non-motile epithelial cell state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Tsujita
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan. .,Division of Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan. .,AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
| | - Reiko Satow
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shinobu Asada
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nakamura
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Luis Arnes
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Keisuke Sako
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Fukami
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Toshiki Itoh
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.,Division of Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
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12
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Rahimi N, Ho RXY, Chandler KB, De La Cena KOC, Amraei R, Mitchel AJ, Engblom N, Costello CE. The cell adhesion molecule TMIGD1 binds to moesin and regulates tubulin acetylation and cell migration. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:61. [PMID: 34503512 PMCID: PMC8427838 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cell adhesion molecule transmembrane and immunoglobulin (Ig) domain containing1 (TMIGD1) is a novel tumor suppressor that plays important roles in regulating cell–cell adhesion, cell proliferation and cell cycle. However, the mechanisms of TMIGD1 signaling are not yet fully elucidated. Results TMIGD1 binds to the ERM family proteins moesin and ezrin, and an evolutionarily conserved RRKK motif on the carboxyl terminus of TMIGD1 mediates the interaction of TMIGD1 with the N-terminal ERM domains of moesin and ezrin. TMIGD1 governs the apical localization of moesin and ezrin, as the loss of TMIGD1 in mice altered apical localization of moesin and ezrin in epithelial cells. In cell culture, TMIGD1 inhibited moesin-induced filopodia-like protrusions and cell migration. More importantly, TMIGD1 stimulated the Lysine (K40) acetylation of α-tubulin and promoted mitotic spindle organization and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of moesin impaired the TMIGD1-mediated acetylation of α-tubulin and filamentous (F)-actin organization. Conclusions TMIGD1 binds to moesin and ezrin, and regulates their cellular localization. Moesin plays critical roles in TMIGD1-dependent acetylation of α-tubulin, mitotic spindle organization and cell migration. Our findings offer a molecular framework for understanding the complex functional interplay between TMIGD1 and the ERM family proteins in the regulation of cell adhesion and mitotic spindle assembly, and have wide-ranging implications in physiological and pathological processes such as cancer progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-021-00757-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Rachel X Y Ho
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Kevin Brown Chandler
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | | | - Razie Amraei
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ashley J Mitchel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Nels Engblom
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Catherine E Costello
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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13
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Activation of STAT transcription factors by the Rho-family GTPases. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2213-2227. [PMID: 32915198 PMCID: PMC7609038 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Rho-family of small GTPases are biological molecular switches that are best known for their regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Through their activation and stimulation of downstream effectors, the Rho-family control pathways involved in cellular morphology, which are commonly activated in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. While this makes them excellent potential therapeutic targets, a deeper understanding of the downstream signalling pathways they influence will be required for successful drug targeting. Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are a family of transcription factors that are hyper-activated in most cancer types and while STATs are widely understood to be activated by the JAK family of kinases, many additional activators have been discovered. A growing number of examples of Rho-family driven STAT activation, largely of the oncogenic family members, STAT3 and STAT5, are being identified. Cdc42, Rac1, RhoA, RhoC and RhoH have all been implicated in STAT activation, contributing to Rho GTPase-driven changes in cellular morphology that lead to cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. This highlights the importance and therapeutic potential of the Rho-family as regulators of non-canonical activation of STAT signalling.
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14
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Abstract
AbstractAn important goal in the fight against cancer is to understand how tumors become invasive and metastatic. A crucial early step in metastasis is thought to be the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), the process in which epithelial cells transition into a more migratory and invasive, mesenchymal state. Since the genetic regulatory networks driving EMT in tumors derive from those used in development, analysis of EMTs in genetic model organisms such as the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster, can provide great insight into cancer. In this review I highlight the many ways in which studies in the fly are shedding light on cancer metastasis. The review covers both normal developmental events in which epithelial cells become migratory, as well as induced events, whereby normal epithelial cells become metastatic due to genetic manipulations. The ability to make such precise genetic perturbations in the context of a normal, in vivo environment, complete with a working innate immune system, is making the fly increasingly important in understanding metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Murray
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Makiishi S, Furuichi K, Yamamura Y, Sako K, Shinozaki Y, Toyama T, Kitajima S, Iwata Y, Sakai N, Shimizu M, Hirose-Sugiura T, Kaneko S, Kato Y, Wada T. Carnitine/organic cation transporter 1 precipitates the progression of interstitial fibrosis through oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9093. [PMID: 33907247 PMCID: PMC8079701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnitine/organic cation transporter 1 (OCTN1) is the only known uptake transporter for ergothioneine which is a food-derived strong antioxidant amino acid that is absorbed by OCTN1. We previously reported the roles of OCTN1/ergothioneine in the progression of kidney fibrosis in ischemic kidney disease. In this study, we evaluated the roles of OCTN1 in the progression of diabetic kidney disease. A diabetic kidney disease model was induced in octn1 knockout and wild-type mice by streptozotocin (STZ). Oxidative stress, represented by urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), were higher in the octn1 knockout mice. Azan- and Sirius red-positive areas increased significantly in the octn1 knockout mice. Gene expression was evaluated by cluster analysis, and shown to be different in the octn1 knockout mice compared with the wild-type mice. In a pathway analysis, the pathway associated with the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion increased. In accordance with interstitial fibrosis in octn1 knockout mice, gene expression of moesin in the injured kidney, known as an associated protein of cytoskeleton and cell membranes, was doubled 28 weeks after STZ injection. In addition, the moesin protein was expressed in a part of α-SMA-positive renal tubular epithelial cells. These findings were confirmed by cultured murine proximal tubular epithelial cells: The expression of moesin was induced under oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide. These data indicate that OCTN1 would play some roles in progression of interstitial fibrosis under oxidative stress via moesin expression in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Makiishi
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kengo Furuichi
- Department of Nephrology, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Yuta Yamamura
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sako
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Shinozaki
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Toyama
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Kitajima
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Iwata
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sakai
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Miho Shimizu
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hirose-Sugiura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Wada
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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16
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Zaman R, Lombardo A, Sauvanet C, Viswanatha R, Awad V, Bonomo LER, McDermitt D, Bretscher A. Effector-mediated ERM activation locally inhibits RhoA activity to shape the apical cell domain. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211973. [PMID: 33836044 PMCID: PMC8185690 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins link the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton to generate apical structures, including microvilli. Among many kinases implicated in ERM activation are the homologues LOK and SLK. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to knock out all ERM proteins or LOK/SLK in human cells. LOK/SLK knockout eliminates all ERM-activating phosphorylation. The apical domains of cells lacking LOK/SLK or ERMs are strikingly similar and selectively altered, with loss of microvilli and with junctional actin replaced by ectopic myosin-II–containing apical contractile structures. Constitutively active ezrin can reverse the phenotypes of either ERM or LOK/SLK knockouts, indicating that a central function of LOK/SLK is to activate ERMs. Both knockout lines have elevated active RhoA with concomitant enhanced myosin light chain phosphorylation, revealing that active ERMs are negative regulators of RhoA. As RhoA-GTP activates LOK/SLK to activate ERM proteins, the ability of active ERMs to negatively regulate RhoA-GTP represents a novel local feedback loop necessary for the proper apical morphology of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riasat Zaman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Andrew Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Cécile Sauvanet
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Raghuvir Viswanatha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Valerie Awad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Locke Ezra-Ros Bonomo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - David McDermitt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Anthony Bretscher
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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17
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De Jamblinne CV, Decelle B, Dehghani M, Joseph M, Sriskandarajah N, Leguay K, Rambaud B, Lemieux S, Roux PP, Hipfner DR, Carréno S. STRIPAK regulates Slik localization to control mitotic morphogenesis and epithelial integrity. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:152107. [PMID: 32960945 PMCID: PMC7594492 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201911035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) family control cell and tissue morphogenesis. We previously reported that moesin, the only ERM in Drosophila, controls mitotic morphogenesis and epithelial integrity. We also found that the Pp1-87B phosphatase dephosphorylates moesin, counteracting its activation by the Ste20-like kinase Slik. To understand how this signaling pathway is itself regulated, we conducted a genome-wide RNAi screen, looking for new regulators of moesin activity. We identified that Slik is a new member of the striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase complex (STRIPAK). We discovered that the phosphatase activity of STRIPAK reduces Slik phosphorylation to promote its cortical association and proper activation of moesin. Consistent with this finding, inhibition of STRIPAK phosphatase activity causes cell morphology defects in mitosis and impairs epithelial tissue integrity. Our results implicate the Slik–STRIPAK complex in the control of multiple morphogenetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Valérie De Jamblinne
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Programmes de biologie moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Barbara Decelle
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mehrnoush Dehghani
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Joseph
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Programmes de biologie moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Neera Sriskandarajah
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kévin Leguay
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Programmes de biologie moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Basile Rambaud
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Programmes de biologie moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Lemieux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe P Roux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Programmes de biologie moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David R Hipfner
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Programmes de biologie moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Carréno
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Programmes de biologie moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Ghosh S, Di Bartolo V, Tubul L, Shimoni E, Kartvelishvily E, Dadosh T, Feigelson SW, Alon R, Alcover A, Haran G. ERM-Dependent Assembly of T Cell Receptor Signaling and Co-stimulatory Molecules on Microvilli prior to Activation. Cell Rep 2021; 30:3434-3447.e6. [PMID: 32160548 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell surfaces are covered with microvilli, actin-rich and flexible protrusions. We use super-resolution microscopy to show that ≥90% of T cell receptor (TCR) complex molecules TCRαβ and TCRζ, as well as the co-receptor CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) and the co-stimulatory molecule CD2, reside on microvilli of resting human T cells. Furthermore, TCR proximal signaling molecules involved in the initial stages of the immune response, including the protein tyrosine kinase Lck (lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase) and the key adaptor LAT (linker for activation of T cells), are also enriched on microvilli. Notably, phosphorylated proteins of the ERM (ezrin, radixin, and moesin) family colocalize with TCRαβ as well as with actin filaments, implying a role for one or more ERMs in linking the TCR complex to the actin cytoskeleton within microvilli. Our results establish microvilli as key signaling hubs, in which the TCR complex and its proximal signaling molecules and adaptors are preassembled prior to activation in an ERM-dependent manner, facilitating initial antigen sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirsendu Ghosh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Vincenzo Di Bartolo
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Liron Tubul
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eyal Shimoni
- Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Elena Kartvelishvily
- Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tali Dadosh
- Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sara W Feigelson
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Andres Alcover
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Gilad Haran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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19
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Gauthier KD, Rocheleau CE. Golgi localization of the LIN-2/7/10 complex points to a role in basolateral secretion of LET-23 EGFR in the Caenorhabditiselegans vulval precursor cells. Development 2021; 148:dev194167. [PMID: 33526581 PMCID: PMC10692275 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved LIN-2 (CASK)/LIN-7 (Lin7A-C)/LIN-10 (APBA1) complex plays an important role in regulating spatial organization of membrane proteins and signaling components. In Caenorhabditiselegans, the complex is essential for the development of the vulva by promoting the localization of the sole Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ortholog LET-23 to the basolateral membrane of the vulva precursor cells where it can specify the vulval cell fate. To understand how the LIN-2/7/10 complex regulates receptor localization, we determined its expression and localization during vulva development. We found that LIN-7 colocalizes with LET-23 EGFR at the basolateral membrane, whereas the LIN-2/7/10 complex colocalizes with LET-23 EGFR at cytoplasmic punctae that mostly overlap with the Golgi. Furthermore, LIN-10 recruits LIN-2, which in turn recruits LIN-7. We demonstrate that the complex forms in vivo with a particularly strong interaction and colocalization between LIN-2 and LIN-7, consistent with them forming a subcomplex. Thus, the LIN-2/7/10 complex forms on the Golgi on which it likely targets LET-23 EGFR trafficking to the basolateral membrane rather than functioning as a tether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley D Gauthier
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University; and the Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Christian E Rocheleau
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University; and the Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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20
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Bajusz C, Kristó I, Abonyi C, Venit T, Vedelek V, Lukácsovich T, Farkas A, Borkúti P, Kovács Z, Bajusz I, Marton A, Vizler C, Lipinszki Z, Sinka R, Percipalle P, Vilmos P. The nuclear activity of the actin-binding Moesin protein is necessary for gene expression in Drosophila. FEBS J 2021; 288:4812-4832. [PMID: 33606336 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin (ERM) proteins play an essential role in the cytoplasm by cross-linking actin filaments with plasma membrane proteins. Research has identified the nuclear localization of ERMs, as well as the involvement of a single Drosophila ERM protein, Moesin, in nuclear mRNA exports. However, the question of how important the nuclear activity of ERM proteins are for the life of an organism has so far not been explored. Here, we present the first attempt to reveal the in vivo relevance of nuclear localization of Moesin in Drosophila. With the help of a nuclear export signal, we decreased the amount of Moesin in the nuclei of the animals. Furthermore, we observed various developmental defects, demonstrating the importance of ERM function in the nucleus for the first time. Transcriptome analysis of the mutant flies revealed that the lack of nuclear Moesin function leads to expression changes in nearly 700 genes, among them heat-shock genes. This result together with additional findings revealed that in Drosophila the expression of protein chaperones requires the nuclear functions of Moesin. DATABASE: GEO accession number: GSE155778.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Bajusz
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Kristó
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Abonyi
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tomáš Venit
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | | | - Attila Farkas
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Borkúti
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Science, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kovács
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Science, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Izabella Bajusz
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Annamária Marton
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vizler
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Lipinszki
- Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, ELKH, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rita Sinka
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Péter Vilmos
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
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21
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Karvar S, Ansa-Addo EA, Suda J, Singh S, Zhu L, Li Z, Rockey DC. Moesin, an Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin Family Member, Regulates Hepatic Fibrosis. Hepatology 2020; 72:1073-1084. [PMID: 31860744 PMCID: PMC7437180 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Moesin, an ezrin/radixin/moesin family member, is involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, polarity, and migration by cross-linking between the actin cytoskeleton and plasma membrane. The primary effector cell in hepatic fibrosis is the hepatic stellate cell (HSC), which undergoes activation during liver injury leading to increased extracellular matrix production. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we have hypothesized that moesin plays a critical role in linking the HSC cytoskeleton to the fibrogenic cascade during HSC activation. Moesin phosphorylation was up-regulated during HSC activation and fibrogenesis. Using moesin wild-type (WT) and mutant constructs (phosphomimicking T558D and nonphosphorylatable T558A), we found that cellular motility and contraction were increased in moesin WT-infected and T558D-infected cells, paralleled by an increase in smooth muscle α-actin and collagen 1 expression. In contrast, overexpression of nonphosphorylatable moesin and moesin knockout (KO) decreased cellular motility and contraction. Most importantly, moesin KO led to abrogation of liver fibrosis. The mechanism of moesin's effect was a reduction in myocardin-related transcription factor-A and serum-response factor (SRF)-mediated changes in the actin cytoskeleton, which in turn modulated the expression of matrix genes. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings suggest that the linkage between cytoskeletal dynamics and the correlated MRTF/SRF signaling pathway has a pivotal role in HSC activation and fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhan Karvar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of
Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Jo Suda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical
Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Lixin Zhu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Department of
Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University,
Guangzhou, China. Department of Biochemistry and Department of Pediatrics,
University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer
Center
| | - Don C. Rockey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of
Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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22
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Ramalho JJ, Sepers JJ, Nicolle O, Schmidt R, Cravo J, Michaux G, Boxem M. C-terminal phosphorylation modulates ERM-1 localization and dynamics to control cortical actin organization and support lumen formation during Caenorhabditiselegans development. Development 2020; 147:dev188011. [PMID: 32586975 PMCID: PMC10755404 DOI: 10.1242/dev.188011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
ERM proteins are conserved regulators of cortical membrane specialization that function as membrane-actin linkers and molecular hubs. The activity of ERM proteins requires a conformational switch from an inactive cytoplasmic form into an active membrane- and actin-bound form, which is thought to be mediated by sequential PIP2 binding and phosphorylation of a conserved C-terminal threonine residue. Here, we use the single Caenorhabditiselegans ERM ortholog, ERM-1, to study the contribution of these regulatory events to ERM activity and tissue formation in vivo Using CRISPR/Cas9-generated erm-1 mutant alleles, we demonstrate that a PIP2-binding site is crucially required for ERM-1 function. By contrast, dynamic regulation of C-terminal T544 phosphorylation is not essential but modulates ERM-1 apical localization and dynamics in a tissue-specific manner, to control cortical actin organization and support lumen formation in epithelial tubes. Our work highlights the dynamic nature of ERM protein regulation during tissue morphogenesis and the importance of C-terminal phosphorylation in fine-tuning ERM activity in a tissue-specific context.
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Affiliation(s)
- João J Ramalho
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jorian J Sepers
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ophélie Nicolle
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes), UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ruben Schmidt
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janine Cravo
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Grégoire Michaux
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes), UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Mike Boxem
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Aguilar‐Aragon M, Bonello TT, Bell GP, Fletcher GC, Thompson BJ. Adherens junction remodelling during mitotic rounding of pseudostratified epithelial cells. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49700. [PMID: 32030856 PMCID: PMC7132200 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells undergo cortical rounding at the onset of mitosis to enable spindle orientation in the plane of the epithelium. In cuboidal epithelia in culture, the adherens junction protein E-cadherin recruits Pins/LGN/GPSM2 and Mud/NuMA to orient the mitotic spindle. In the pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells of Drosophila, septate junctions recruit Mud/NuMA to orient the spindle, while Pins/LGN/GPSM2 is surprisingly dispensable. We show that these pseudostratified epithelial cells downregulate E-cadherin as they round up for mitosis. Preventing cortical rounding by inhibiting Rho-kinase-mediated actomyosin contractility blocks downregulation of E-cadherin during mitosis. Mitotic activation of Rho-kinase depends on the RhoGEF ECT2/Pebble and its binding partners RacGAP1/MgcRacGAP/CYK4/Tum and MKLP1/KIF23/ZEN4/Pav. Cell cycle control of these Rho activators is mediated by the Aurora A and B kinases, which act redundantly during mitotic rounding. Thus, in Drosophila pseudostratified epithelia, disruption of adherens junctions during mitosis necessitates planar spindle orientation by septate junctions to maintain epithelial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa T Bonello
- EMBL AustraliaThe John Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National UniversityActonACTAustralia
| | - Graham P Bell
- Epithelial Biology LaboratoryFrancis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | | | - Barry J Thompson
- Epithelial Biology LaboratoryFrancis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- EMBL AustraliaThe John Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National UniversityActonACTAustralia
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24
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Aguilar-Aragon M, Fletcher G, Thompson BJ. The cytoskeletal motor proteins Dynein and MyoV direct apical transport of Crumbs. Dev Biol 2020; 459:126-137. [PMID: 31881198 PMCID: PMC7090908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Crumbs (Crb in Drosophila; CRB1-3 in mammals) is a transmembrane determinant of epithelial cell polarity and a regulator of Hippo signalling. Crb is normally localized to apical cell-cell contacts, just above adherens junctions, but how apical trafficking of Crb is regulated in epithelial cells remains unclear. We use the Drosophila follicular epithelium to demonstrate that polarized trafficking of Crb is mediated by transport along microtubules by the motor protein Dynein and along actin filaments by the motor protein Myosin-V (MyoV). Blocking transport of Crb-containing vesicles by Dynein or MyoV leads to accumulation of Crb within Rab11 endosomes, rather than apical delivery. The final steps of Crb delivery and stabilisation at the plasma membrane requires the exocyst complex and three apical FERM domain proteins - Merlin, Moesin and Expanded - whose simultaneous loss disrupts apical localization of Crb. Accordingly, a knock-in deletion of the Crb FERM-binding motif (FBM) also impairs apical localization. Finally, overexpression of Crb challenges this system, creating a sensitized background to identify components involved in cytoskeletal polarization, apical membrane trafficking and stabilisation of Crb at the apical domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar-Aragon
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, NW1 1AT, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Fletcher
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, NW1 1AT, London, United Kingdom
| | - B J Thompson
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, NW1 1AT, London, United Kingdom; The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Rd, Acton, ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia.
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25
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Chang YC, Wu JW, Wang CW, Jang ACC. Hippo Signaling-Mediated Mechanotransduction in Cell Movement and Cancer Metastasis. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 6:157. [PMID: 32118029 PMCID: PMC7025494 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Hippo kinase signaling cascade governs cell proliferation, tissue differentiation and organ size, and can promote tumor growth and cancer metastasis when dysregulated. Unlike conventional signaling pathways driven by ligand-receptor binding to initiate downstream cascades, core Hippo kinases are activated not only by biochemical cues but also by mechanical ones generated from altered cell shape, cell polarity, cell-cell junctions or cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. In this review, we focus on recent advances showing how mechanical force acts through the actin cytoskeleton to regulate the Hippo pathway during cell movement and cancer invasion. We also discuss how this force affects YAP-dependent tissue growth and cell proliferation, and how disruption of that homeostatic relationship contributes to cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chiuan Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Wei Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Wen Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Anna C-C Jang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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26
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Chakraborty S, Banerjee S, Raina M, Haldar S. Force-Directed “Mechanointeractome” of Talin–Integrin. Biochemistry 2019; 58:4677-4695. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soham Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Souradeep Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Manasven Raina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Shubhasis Haldar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
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27
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Ma Z, Peng J, Yu D, Park JS, Lin H, Xu B, Lu C, Fan H, Waldor MK. A streptococcal Fic domain-containing protein disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity by activating moesin in endothelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007737. [PMID: 31071198 PMCID: PMC6529018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) is a zoonotic pathogen capable of causing meningitis in humans. The mechanisms that enable pathogens to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the role of a newly identified Fic domain-containing protein, BifA, in SEZ virulence. BifA was required for SEZ to cross the BBB and to cause meningitis in mice. BifA also enhanced SEZ translocation across human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell (hBMEC) monolayers. Purified BifA or its Fic domain-containing C-terminus alone were able to enter into hBMECs, leading to disruption of monolayer barrier integrity. A SILAC-based proteomic screen revealed that BifA binds moesin. BifA’s Fic domain was required for its binding to this regulator of host cell cytoskeletal processes. BifA treatment of hBMECs led to moesin phosphorylation and downstream RhoA activation. Inhibition of moesin activation or moesin depletion in hBMEC monolayers abrogated BifA-mediated increases in barrier permeability and SEZ’s capacity to translocate across monolayers. Thus, BifA activation of moesin appears to constitute a key mechanism by which SEZ disrupts endothelial monolayer integrity to penetrate the BBB. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) is an important animal pathogen and can cause meningitis in humans. Little is known about how this Group C streptococcal species penetrates the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We identified bifA, a gene that is critical for SEZ to cause meningitis in mice and to penetrate a human brain endothelial monolayer in a tissue culture model. BifA’s Fic domain enables the protein to enter into endothelial monolayers and to bind to moesin, a cytoskeletal regulatory protein, leading to its activation. Preventing moesin activation abolished BifA-induced barrier leakiness and SEZ’s capacity to penetrate a monolayer barrier. Together, our findings suggest that SEZ meningitis depends on BifA, a Fic-domain protein that manipulates moesin-dependent signaling to modulate BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Peng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Joseph S. Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Huixing Lin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengping Lu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (HF); (MKW)
| | - Matthew K. Waldor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HF); (MKW)
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28
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Ong K, Collier C, DiNardo S. Multiple feedback mechanisms fine-tune Rho signaling to regulate morphogenetic outcomes. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.224378. [PMID: 30872456 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.224378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho signaling is a conserved mechanism for generating forces through activation of contractile actomyosin. How this pathway can produce different cell morphologies is poorly understood. In the Drosophila embryonic epithelium, we investigate how Rho signaling controls force asymmetry to drive morphogenesis. We study a distinct morphogenetic process termed 'alignment'. This process results in striking columns of rectilinear cells connected by aligned cell-cell contacts. We found that this is driven by contractile actomyosin cables that elevate tension along aligning interfaces. Our data show that polarization of Rho effectors, Rok and Dia, directs formation of these cables. Constitutive activation of these effectors causes aligning cells to instead invaginate. This suggests that moderating Rho signaling is essential to producing the aligned geometry. Therefore, we tested for feedback that could fine-tune Rho signaling. We discovered that F-actin exerts negative feedback on multiple nodes in the pathway. Further, we present evidence that suggests that Rok in part mediates feedback from F-actin to Rho in a manner independent of Myo-II. Collectively, our work suggests that multiple feedback mechanisms regulate Rho signaling, which may account for diverse morphological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Ong
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
| | - Camille Collier
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen DiNardo
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
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29
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Jia M, Yan X, Jiang X, Wu Y, Xu J, Meng Y, Yang Y, Shan X, Zhang X, Mao S, Gu W, Pavlidis S, Barnes PJ, Adcock IM, Huang M, Yao X. Ezrin, a Membrane Cytoskeleton Cross-Linker Protein, as a Marker of Epithelial Damage in Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199:496-507. [PMID: 30290132 PMCID: PMC6376623 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201802-0373oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Bronchial epithelial cell damage occurs in patients with bronchial asthma. Ezrin, a membrane-cytoskeleton protein, maintains cellular morphology and intercellular adhesion and protects the barrier function of epithelial cells. OBJECTIVES To study the role of ezrin in bronchial epithelial cells injury and correlate its expression with asthma severity. METHODS Levels of ezrin were measured in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and serum in patients with asthma and BAL fluid (BALF) from a mouse model of asthma by ELISA. The regulation of IL-13 on ezrin protein levels was studied in primary bronchial epithelial cells. Ezrin knockdown using shRNA was studied in human bronchial epithelial 16HBE cells. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Ezrin levels were decreased in asthmatic EBC (92.7 ± 34.99 vs. 150.5 ± 10.22 pg/ml, P < 0.0001) and serum (700.7 ± 55.59 vs. 279.2 ± 25.83 pg/ml, P < 0.0001) compared with normal subjects. Levels were much lower in uncontrolled (P < 0.001) and partly controlled patients (P < 0.01) compared with well-controlled subjects. EBC and serum ezrin levels correlated with lung function in patients with asthma and serum ezrin levels were negatively correlated with serum IL-13 and periostin. IL-13-induced downregulation of ezrin expression in primary bronchial epithelial cells was significantly attenuated by the Janus tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor, TG101348. Ezrin knockdown changed 16HBE cell morphology, enlarged intercellular spaces, and increased their permeability. Ezrin expression was decreased in the lung tissue and BALF of "asthmatic" mice and negatively correlated with BALF IL-13 level. CONCLUSIONS Ezrin downregulation is associated with IL-13-induced epithelial damage and might be a potential biomarker of asthma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Jia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunhui Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqi Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Shan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuwedi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Mao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Stelios Pavlidis
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Peter J. Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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30
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Association of crumbs homolog-2 with mTORC1 in developing podocyte. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202400. [PMID: 30125302 PMCID: PMC6101391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evidence that gene mutations in the polarity determinant Crumbs homologs-2 (CRB2) cause congenital nephrotic syndrome suggests the functional importance of this gene product in podocyte development. Because another isoform, CRB3, was reported to repress the mechanistic/mammalian target of the rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, we examined the role of CRB2 function in developing podocytes in relation to mTORC1. In HEK-293 and MDCK cells constitutively expressing CRB2, we found that the protein localized to the apicolateral side of the cell plasma membrane and that this plasma membrane assembly required N-glycosylation. Confocal microscopy of the neonate mouse kidney revealed that both the tyrosine-phosphorylated form and non-phosphorylated form of CRB2 commence at the S-shaped body stage at the apicolateral side of podocyte precursor cells and move to foot processes in a capillary tuft pattern. The pattern of phosphorylated mTOR in developing podocytes was similar to that of CRB2 tyrosine phosphorylation. Additionally, the lack of a tyrosine phosphorylation site on CRB2 led to the reduced sensitivity of mTORC1 activation in response to energy starvation. CRB2 may play an important role in the mechanistic pathway of developing podocytes through tyrosine phosphorylation by associating with mTORC1 activation.
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31
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The regulation of junctional actin dynamics by cell adhesion receptors. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:341-350. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1691-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Esdal HCD, Ghbeis MB, Saltzman DA, Hess D, Hume JR, Reed RC, Berry SA, Hoggard E, Hirsch B, Baughn LB, Schimmenti LA. Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Two Siblings and an Unrelated Infant with Overlapping Chromosome 6q25 Deletions. Mol Syndromol 2018; 9:141-148. [PMID: 29928179 DOI: 10.1159/000488817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains poorly understood but is thought to be multifactorial. There are no specific recurring chromosomal abnormalities previously associated with NEC. We report 3 cases of intestinal necrosis associated with large chromosome 6 deletions. The first patient was found to have a 7.9-Mb deletion of chromosome 6 encompassing over 40 genes, arr[GRCh37] 6q25.3q26(155699183_163554531)×1. The second patient had a 19.5-Mb deletion of chromosome 6 generated by an unbalanced translocation with chromosome 18, 46,XY,der(6)t (6;18)(q25.1;p11.23), arr[GRCh37] 6q25.1q27(151639526_ 171115067)×1, 18p11.32p11.23(131700_7694199)×3, which included the whole 7.9-Mb region deleted in the first patient. The third patient was the younger sibling of the second patient with an identical derivative chromosome 6. The shared abnormal chromosome 6 region includes multiple genes of interest, particularly EZR. Mouse models have demonstrated that Ezr is expressed in microvillar epithelium and helps regulate cell-cell adhesion in the gut. We hypothesize that deletion of this shared region of 6q leads to gastrointestinal vulnerability which may predispose patients to intestinal necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C D Esdal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Muhammad B Ghbeis
- Division of Cardiovascular Critical Care, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel A Saltzman
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Divisions of, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Donavon Hess
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Divisions of, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Janet R Hume
- Critical Care, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Robyn C Reed
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Susan A Berry
- Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Eric Hoggard
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Betsy Hirsch
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Linda B Baughn
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lisa A Schimmenti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Saito Y, Desai RR, Muthuswamy SK. Reinterpreting polarity and cancer: The changing landscape from tumor suppression to tumor promotion. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:103-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Abeysundara N, Simmonds AJ, Hughes SC. Moesin is involved in polarity maintenance and cortical remodeling during asymmetric cell division. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:419-434. [PMID: 29282284 PMCID: PMC6014166 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-05-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An intact actomyosin network is essential for anchoring polarity proteins to the cell cortex and maintaining cell size asymmetry during asymmetric cell division of Drosophila neuroblasts (NBs). However, the mechanisms that control changes in actomyosin dynamics during asymmetric cell division remain unclear. We find that the actin-binding protein, Moesin, is essential for NB proliferation and mitotic progression in the developing brain. During metaphase, phosphorylated Moesin (p-Moesin) is enriched at the apical cortex, and loss of Moesin leads to defects in apical polarity maintenance and cortical stability. This asymmetric distribution of p-Moesin is determined by components of the apical polarity complex and Slik kinase. During later stages of mitosis, p-Moesin localization shifts more basally, contributing to asymmetric cortical extension and myosin basal furrow positioning. Our findings reveal Moesin as a novel apical polarity protein that drives cortical remodeling of dividing NBs, which is essential for polarity maintenance and initial establishment of cell size asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namal Abeysundara
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Andrew J Simmonds
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Sarah C Hughes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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35
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Hochapfel F, Denk L, Mendl G, Schulze U, Maaßen C, Zaytseva Y, Pavenstädt H, Weide T, Rachel R, Witzgall R, Krahn MP. Distinct functions of Crumbs regulating slit diaphragms and endocytosis in Drosophila nephrocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4573-4586. [PMID: 28717874 PMCID: PMC11107785 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian podocytes, the key determinants of the kidney's filtration barrier, differentiate from columnar epithelial cells and several key determinants of apical-basal polarity in the conventional epithelia have been shown to regulate podocyte morphogenesis and function. However, little is known about the role of Crumbs, a conserved polarity regulator in many epithelia, for slit-diaphragm formation and podocyte function. In this study, we used Drosophila nephrocytes as model system for mammalian podocytes and identified a conserved function of Crumbs proteins for cellular morphogenesis, nephrocyte diaphragm assembly/maintenance, and endocytosis. Nephrocyte-specific knock-down of Crumbs results in disturbed nephrocyte diaphragm assembly/maintenance and decreased endocytosis, which can be rescued by Drosophila Crumbs as well as human Crumbs2 and Crumbs3, which were both expressed in human podocytes. In contrast to the extracellular domain, which facilitates nephrocyte diaphragm assembly/maintenance, the intracellular FERM-interaction motif of Crumbs is essential for regulating endocytosis. Moreover, Moesin, which binds to the FERM-binding domain of Crumbs, is essential for efficient endocytosis. Thus, we describe here a new mechanism of nephrocyte development and function, which is likely to be conserved in mammalian podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hochapfel
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Domagkstr. 3a, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lucia Denk
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Mendl
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Schulze
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Domagkstr. 3a, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Maaßen
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yulia Zaytseva
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Domagkstr. 3a, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Weide
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Domagkstr. 3a, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Reinhard Rachel
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Witzgall
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael P Krahn
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Domagkstr. 3a, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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36
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Ferreira ÉR, Bonfim-Melo A, Cordero EM, Mortara RA. ERM Proteins Play Distinct Roles in Cell Invasion by Extracellular Amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2230. [PMID: 29209287 PMCID: PMC5702390 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas' disease. In mammalian hosts, T. cruzi alternates between trypomastigote and amastigote forms. Additionally, trypomastigotes can differentiate into amastigotes in the extracellular environment generating infective extracellular amastigotes (EAs). Ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) are key proteins linking plasma membrane to actin filaments, the major host cell component responsible for EA internalization. Our results revealed that depletion of host ezrin and radixin but not moesin inhibited EAs invasion in HeLa cells. ERM are recruited and colocalize with F-actin at EA invasion sites as shown by confocal microscopy. Invasion assays performed with cells overexpressing ERM showed increased EAs invasion in ezrin and radixin but not moesin overexpressing cells. Finally, time-lapse experiments have shown altered actin dynamics leading to delayed EA internalization in ezrin and radixin depleted cells when compared to control or moesin depleted cells. Altogether, these findings show distinct roles of ERM during EAs invasion, possibly regulating F-actin dynamics and plasma membrane interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éden R Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexis Bonfim-Melo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esteban M Cordero
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renato A Mortara
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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37
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Moreno-Fortuny A, Bragg L, Cossu G, Roostalu U. MCAM contributes to the establishment of cell autonomous polarity in myogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Biol Open 2017; 6:1592-1601. [PMID: 28923978 PMCID: PMC5703611 DOI: 10.1242/bio.027771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity has a fundamental role in shaping the morphology of cells and growing tissues. Polarity is commonly thought to be established in response to extracellular signals. Here we used a minimal in vitro assay that enabled us to monitor the determination of cell polarity in myogenic and chondrogenic differentiation in the absence of external signalling gradients. We demonstrate that the initiation of cell polarity is regulated by melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM). We found highly polarized localization of MCAM, Moesin (MSN), Scribble (SCRIB) and Van-Gogh-like 2 (VANGL2) at the distal end of elongating myotubes. Knockout of MCAM or elimination of its endocytosis motif does not impair the initiation of myogenesis or myoblast fusion, but prevents myotube elongation. MSN, SCRIB and VANGL2 remain uniformly distributed in MCAM knockout cells. We show that MCAM is also required at early stages of chondrogenic differentiation. In both myogenic and chondrogenic differentiation MCAM knockout leads to transcriptional downregulation of Scrib and enhanced MAP kinase activity. Our data demonstrates the importance of cell autonomous polarity in differentiation. Summary: CD146/MCAM regulates cell autonomous polarization and asymmetric localization of Scribble, Van-Gogh-like 2 and Moesin, which is required in skeletal muscle myotube elongation and chondrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artal Moreno-Fortuny
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Extracellular Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Laricia Bragg
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Extracellular Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Extracellular Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Urmas Roostalu
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Extracellular Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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38
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Nishikawa S. Cytoskeleton, intercellular junctions, planar cell polarity, and cell movement in amelogenesis. J Oral Biosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Freymuth PS, Fitzsimons HL. The ERM protein Moesin is essential for neuronal morphogenesis and long-term memory in Drosophila. Mol Brain 2017; 10:41. [PMID: 28851405 PMCID: PMC5576258 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-017-0322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Moesin is a cytoskeletal adaptor protein that plays an important role in modification of the actin cytoskeleton. Rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton drives both neuronal morphogenesis and the structural changes in neurons that are required for long-term memory formation. Moesin has been identified as a candidate memory gene in Drosophila, however, whether it is required for memory formation has not been evaluated. Here, we investigate the role of Moesin in neuronal morphogenesis and in short- and long-term memory formation in the courtship suppression assay, a model of associative memory. We found that both knockdown and overexpression of Moesin led to defects in axon growth and guidance as well as dendritic arborization. Moreover, reduction of Moesin expression or expression of a constitutively active phosphomimetic in the adult Drosophila brain had no effect on short term memory, but prevented long-term memory formation, an effect that was independent of its role in development. These results indicate a critical role for Moesin in both neuronal morphogenesis and long-term memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Freymuth
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Helen L Fitzsimons
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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40
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Renault-Mihara F, Mukaino M, Shinozaki M, Kumamaru H, Kawase S, Baudoux M, Ishibashi T, Kawabata S, Nishiyama Y, Sugai K, Yasutake K, Okada S, Nakamura M, Okano H. Regulation of RhoA by STAT3 coordinates glial scar formation. J Cell Biol 2017. [PMID: 28642362 PMCID: PMC5551705 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201610102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor STAT3 is known to control glial scar formation, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Renault-Mihara et al. show that inhibition of the small GTPase RhoA by STAT3 coordinates reactive astrocyte dynamics during glial scar formation. Understanding how the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription–3 (STAT3) controls glial scar formation may have important clinical implications. We show that astrocytic STAT3 is associated with greater amounts of secreted MMP2, a crucial protease in scar formation. Moreover, we report that STAT3 inhibits the small GTPase RhoA and thereby controls actomyosin tonus, adhesion turnover, and migration of reactive astrocytes, as well as corralling of leukocytes in vitro. The inhibition of RhoA by STAT3 involves ezrin, the phosphorylation of which is reduced in STAT3-CKO astrocytes. Reduction of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) levels in STAT3-CKO rescues reactive astrocytes dynamics in vitro. By specific targeting of lesion-proximal, reactive astrocytes in Nestin-Cre mice, we show that reduction of PTEN rescues glial scar formation in Nestin-Stat3+/− mice. These findings reveal novel intracellular signaling mechanisms underlying the contribution of reactive astrocyte dynamics to glial scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masahiko Mukaino
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munehisa Shinozaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kumamaru
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawase
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthieu Baudoux
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ishibashi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soya Kawabata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nishiyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasutake
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Cell-Cycle-Coupled Oscillations in Apical Polarity and Intercellular Contact Maintain Order in Embryonic Epithelia. Curr Biol 2017; 27:1381-1386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Pelaseyed T, Viswanatha R, Sauvanet C, Filter JJ, Goldberg ML, Bretscher A. Ezrin activation by LOK phosphorylation involves a PIP 2-dependent wedge mechanism. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28430576 PMCID: PMC5400502 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
How cells specify morphologically distinct plasma membrane domains is poorly understood. Prior work has shown that restriction of microvilli to the apical aspect of epithelial cells requires the localized activation of the membrane-F-actin linking protein ezrin. Using an in vitro system, we now define a multi-step process whereby the kinase LOK specifically phosphorylates ezrin to activate it. Binding of PIP2 to ezrin induces a conformational change permitting the insertion of the LOK C-terminal domain to wedge apart the membrane and F-actin-binding domains of ezrin. The N-terminal LOK kinase domain can then access a site 40 residues distal from the consensus sequence that collectively direct phosphorylation of the appropriate threonine residue. We suggest that this elaborate mechanism ensures that ezrin is only phosphorylated at the plasma membrane, and with high specificity by the apically localized kinase LOK. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22759.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaher Pelaseyed
- Weill Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Raghuvir Viswanatha
- Weill Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Cécile Sauvanet
- Weill Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Joshua J Filter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Michael L Goldberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Anthony Bretscher
- Weill Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
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43
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Duque J, Gorfinkiel N. Integration of actomyosin contractility with cell-cell adhesion during dorsal closure. Development 2016; 143:4676-4686. [PMID: 27836966 DOI: 10.1242/dev.136127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we combine genetic perturbation, time-lapse imaging and quantitative image analysis to investigate how pulsatile actomyosin contractility drives cell oscillations, apical cell contraction and tissue closure during morphogenesis of the amnioserosa, the main force-generating tissue during the dorsal closure in Drosophila We show that Myosin activity determines the oscillatory and contractile behaviour of amnioserosa cells. Reducing Myosin activity prevents cell shape oscillations and reduces cell contractility. By contrast, increasing Myosin activity increases the amplitude of cell shape oscillations and the time cells spend in the contracted phase relative to the expanded phase during an oscillatory cycle, promoting cell contractility and tissue closure. Furthermore, we show that in AS cells, Rok controls Myosin foci formation and Mbs regulates not only Myosin phosphorylation but also adhesion dynamics through control of Moesin phosphorylation, showing that Mbs coordinates actomyosin contractility with cell-cell adhesion during amnioserosa morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Duque
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Nicole Gorfinkiel
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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44
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Khanal I, Elbediwy A, Diaz de la Loza MDC, Fletcher GC, Thompson BJ. Shot and Patronin polarise microtubules to direct membrane traffic and biogenesis of microvilli in epithelia. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2651-9. [PMID: 27231092 PMCID: PMC4958304 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.189076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In epithelial tissues, polarisation of microtubules and actin microvilli occurs along the apical-basal axis of each cell, yet how these cytoskeletal polarisation events are coordinated remains unclear. Here, we examine the hierarchy of events during cytoskeletal polarisation in Drosophila melanogaster epithelia. Core apical-basal polarity determinants polarise the spectrin cytoskeleton to recruit the microtubule-binding proteins Patronin (CAMSAP1, CAMSAP2 and CAMSAP3 in humans) and Shortstop [Shot; MACF1 and BPAG1 (also known as DST) in humans] to the apical membrane domain. Patronin and Shot then act to polarise microtubules along the apical-basal axis to enable apical transport of Rab11 endosomes by the Nuf-Dynein microtubule motor complex. Finally, Rab11 endosomes are transferred to the MyoV (also known as Didum in Drosophila) actin motor to deliver the key microvillar determinant Cadherin 99C to the apical membrane to organise the biogenesis of actin microvilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichha Khanal
- The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Ahmed Elbediwy
- The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | | | | | - Barry J Thompson
- The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
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45
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Vilmos P, Kristó I, Szikora S, Jankovics F, Lukácsovich T, Kari B, Erdélyi M. The actin-binding ERM protein Moesin directly regulates spindle assembly and function during mitosis. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:696-707. [PMID: 27006187 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin proteins are highly conserved, actin-binding cytoskeletal proteins that play an essential role in microvilli formation, T-cell activation, and tumor metastasis by linking actin filaments to the plasma membrane. Recent studies demonstrated that the only Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin protein of Drosophila melanogaster, Moesin, is involved in mitotic spindle function through stabilizing cell shape and microtubules at the cell cortex. We previously observed that Moesin localizes to the mitotic spindle; hence, we tested for the biological significance of this surprising localization and investigated whether it plays a direct role in spindle function. To separate the cortical and spindle functions of Moesin during mitosis we combined cell biological and genetic methods. We used early Drosophila embryos, in which mitosis occurs in the absence of a cell cortex, and found in vivo evidence for the direct requirement of Moesin in mitotic spindle assembly and function. We also found that the accumulation of Moesin precedes the construction of the microtubule spindle, and the fusiform structure formed by Moesin persists even after the microtubules have disassembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Vilmos
- Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary
| | - Ildikó Kristó
- Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary
| | - Szilárd Szikora
- Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary
| | - Ferenc Jankovics
- Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary
| | - Tamás Lukácsovich
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Beáta Kari
- Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary
| | - Miklós Erdélyi
- Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary
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46
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Twinstar/cofilin is required for regulation of epithelial integrity and tissue growth in Drosophila. Oncogene 2016; 35:5144-54. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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47
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Yasin HWR, van Rensburg SH, Feiler CE, Johnson RI. The adaptor protein Cindr regulates JNK activity to maintain epithelial sheet integrity. Dev Biol 2016; 410:135-149. [PMID: 26772997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epithelia are essential barrier tissues that must be appropriately maintained for their correct function. To achieve this a plethora of protein interactions regulate epithelial cell number, structure and adhesion, and differentiation. Here we show that Cindr (the Drosophila Cin85 and Cd2ap ortholog) is required to maintain epithelial integrity. Reducing Cindr triggered cell delamination and movement. Most delaminating cells died. These behaviors were consistent with JNK activation previously associated with loss of epithelial integrity in response to ectopic oncogene activity. We confirmed a novel interaction between Cindr and Drosophila JNK (dJNK), which when perturbed caused inappropriate JNK signaling. Genetically reducing JNK signaling activity suppressed the effects of reducing Cindr. Furthermore, ectopic JNK signaling phenocopied loss of Cindr and was partially rescued by concomitant cindr over-expression. Thus, correct Cindr-dJNK stoichiometry is essential to maintain epithelial integrity and disturbing this balance may contribute to the pathogenesis of disease states, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah W R Yasin
- Biology Department, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Avenue, Middletown, CT, USA
| | | | - Christina E Feiler
- Biology Department, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Avenue, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Ruth I Johnson
- Biology Department, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Avenue, Middletown, CT, USA.
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Flores-Benitez D, Knust E. Crumbs is an essential regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics and cell-cell adhesion during dorsal closure in Drosophila. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26544546 PMCID: PMC4718732 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Crumbs protein is required for epithelial polarity and morphogenesis. Here we identify a novel role of Crumbs as a negative regulator of actomyosin dynamics during dorsal closure in the Drosophila embryo. Embryos carrying a mutation in the FERM (protein 4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin) domain-binding motif of Crumbs die due to an overactive actomyosin network associated with disrupted adherens junctions. This phenotype is restricted to the amnioserosa and does not affect other embryonic epithelia. This function of Crumbs requires DMoesin, the Rho1-GTPase, class-I p21-activated kinases and the Arp2/3 complex. Data presented here point to a critical role of Crumbs in regulating actomyosin dynamics, cell junctions and morphogenesis. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07398.001 A layer of epithelial cells covers the body surface of animals. Epithelial cells have a property known as polarity; this means that they have two different poles, one of which is in contact with the environment. Midway through embryonic development, the Drosophila embryo is covered by two kinds of epithelial sheets; the epidermis on the front, the belly and the sides of the embryo, and the amnioserosa on the back. In the second half of embryonic development, the amnioserosa is brought into the embryo in a process called dorsal closure, while the epidermis expands around the back of the embryo to encompass it. One of the major activities driving dorsal closure is the contraction of amnioserosa cells. This contraction depends on the highly dynamic activity of the protein network that helps give cells their shape, known as the actomyosin cytoskeleton. One major question in the field is how changes in the actomyosin cytoskeleton are controlled as tissues take shape (a process known as “morphogenesis”) and how the integrity of epithelial tissues is maintained during these processes. A key regulator of epidermal and amnioserosa polarity is an evolutionarily conserved protein called Crumbs. The epithelial tissues of mutant embryos that do not produce Crumbs lose polarity and integrity, and the embryos fail to develop properly. Flores-Benitez and Knust have now studied the role of Crumbs in the morphogenesis of the amnioserosa during dorsal closure. This revealed that fly embryos that produce a mutant Crumbs protein that cannot interact with a protein called Moesin (which links the cell membrane and the actomyosin cytoskeleton) are unable to complete dorsal closure. Detailed analyses showed that this failure of dorsal closure is due to the over-activity of the actomyosin cytoskeleton in the amnioserosa. This results in increased and uncoordinated contractions of the cells, and is accompanied by defects in cell-cell adhesion that ultimately cause the amnioserosa to lose integrity. Flores-Benitez and Knust’s genetic analyses further showed that several different signalling systems participate in this process. Flores-Benitez and Knust’s results reveal an unexpected role of Crumbs in coordinating polarity, actomyosin activity and cell-cell adhesion. Further work is now needed to understand the molecular mechanisms and interactions that enable Crumbs to coordinate these processes; in particular, to unravel how Crumbs influences the periodic contractions that drive changes in cell shape. It will also be important to investigate whether Crumbs is involved in similar mechanisms that operate in other developmental events in which actomyosin oscillations have been linked to tissue morphogenesis. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07398.002
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabeth Knust
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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Bruce AE. Zebrafish epiboly: Spreading thin over the yolk. Dev Dyn 2015; 245:244-58. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E.E. Bruce
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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Shen J, Lu J, Sui L, Wang D, Yin M, Hoffmann I, Legler A, Pflugfelder GO. The orthologous Tbx transcription factors Omb and TBX2 induce epithelial cell migration and extrusion in vivo without involvement of matrix metalloproteinases. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11998-2015. [PMID: 25344916 PMCID: PMC4322970 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors TBX2 and TBX3 are overexpressed in various human cancers. Here, we investigated the effect of overexpressing the orthologous Tbx genes Drosophila optomotor-blind (omb) and human TBX2 in the epithelium of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc and observed two types of cell motility. Omb/TBX2 overexpressing cells could move within the plane of the epithelium. Invasive cells migrated long-distance as single cells retaining or regaining normal cell shape and apico-basal polarity in spite of attenuated apical DE-cadherin concentration. Inappropriate levels of DE-cadherin were sufficient to drive cell migration in the wing disc epithelium. Omb/TBX2 overexpression and reduced DE-cadherin-dependent adhesion caused the formation of actin-rich lateral cell protrusions. Omb/TBX2 overexpressing cells could also delaminate basally, penetratingthe basal lamina, however, without degradation of extracellular matrix. Expression of Timp, an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases, blocked neither intraepithelial motility nor basal extrusion. Our results reveal an MMP-independent mechanism of cell invasion and suggest a conserved role of Tbx2-related proteins in cell invasion and metastasis-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Sui
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meizhen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Inka Hoffmann
- Institute of Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Legler
- Institute of Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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