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Herd CDK, Hamilton JS, Walton EL, Tornabene LL, Lagain A, Benedix GK, Sheen AI, Melosh HJ, Johnson BC, Wiggins SE, Sharp TG, Darling JR. The source craters of the martian meteorites: Implications for the igneous evolution of Mars. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn2378. [PMID: 39151015 PMCID: PMC11328911 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 200 meteorites come from ~10 impact events on the surface of Mars, yet their pre-ejection locations are largely unknown. Here, we combine the results of diverse sets of observations and modeling to constrain the source craters for several groups of martian meteorites. We compute that ejection-paired groups of meteorites are derived from lava flows within the top 26 m of the surface. We link ejection-paired groups to specific source craters and geologic units, providing context for these important samples, reconciling microscopic observations with remote sensing records, and demonstrating the potential to constrain the ages of their source geologic units. Furthermore, we show that there are craters that may have produced martian meteorites not represented in the world's meteorite collections that have yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D K Herd
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Jarret S Hamilton
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Erin L Walton
- Department of Physical Sciences, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Livio L Tornabene
- Department of Earth Sciences, Institute for Earth and Space Exploration, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- The SETI Institute, 339 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Anthony Lagain
- Space Science and Technology Centre, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, INRA, CEREGE, Aix en Provence, France
- Institut ORIGINES, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Gretchen K Benedix
- Space Science and Technology Centre, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Western Australia Museum, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alex I Sheen
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
- Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queens Park, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada
| | - Harry J Melosh
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Brandon C Johnson
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sean E Wiggins
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Thomas G Sharp
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA
| | - James R Darling
- School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK
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2
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Heuser B, Bergermann A, Stevenson MG, Ranjan D, He Z, Lütgert J, Schumacher S, Bethkenhagen M, Descamps A, Galtier E, Gleason AE, Khaghani D, Glenn GD, Cunningham EF, Glenzer SH, Hartley NJ, Hernandez JA, Humphries OS, Katagiri K, Lee HJ, McBride EE, Miyanishi K, Nagler B, Ofori-Okai B, Ozaki N, Pandolfi S, Qu C, May PT, Redmer R, Schoenwaelder C, Sueda K, Yabuuchi T, Yabashi M, Lukic B, Rack A, Zinta LMV, Vinci T, Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Ravasio A, Kraus D. Release dynamics of nanodiamonds created by laser-driven shock-compression of polyethylene terephthalate. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12239. [PMID: 38806565 PMCID: PMC11133328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Laser-driven dynamic compression experiments of plastic materials have found surprisingly fast formation of nanodiamonds (ND) via X-ray probing. This mechanism is relevant for planetary models, but could also open efficient synthesis routes for tailored NDs. We investigate the release mechanics of compressed NDs by molecular dynamics simulation of the isotropic expansion of finite size diamond from different P-T states. Analysing the structural integrity along different release paths via molecular dynamic simulations, we found substantial disintegration rates upon shock release, increasing with the on-Hugnoiot shock temperature. We also find that recrystallization can occur after the expansion and hence during the release, depending on subsequent cooling mechanisms. Our study suggests higher ND recovery rates from off-Hugoniot states, e.g., via double-shocks, due to faster cooling. Laser-driven shock compression experiments of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) samples with in situ X-ray probing at the simulated conditions found diamond signal that persists up to 11 ns after breakout. In the diffraction pattern, we observed peak shifts, which we attribute to thermal expansion of the NDs and thus a total release of pressure, which indicates the stability of the released NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Heuser
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, 01328, Germany.
| | - Armin Bergermann
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael G Stevenson
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Divyanshu Ranjan
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - Zhiyu He
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- China Academy of Engineering Physics, Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Julian Lütgert
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Samuel Schumacher
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mandy Bethkenhagen
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique-Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Palaiseau, 91128, France
| | - Adrien Descamps
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Eric Galtier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Dimitri Khaghani
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Griffin D Glenn
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Alexis Hernandez
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble, France
- The Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, Oslo, 0371, Norway
| | - Oliver S Humphries
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, 01328, Germany
- European XFEL, Schenefeld, 22869, Germany
| | - Kento Katagiri
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hae Ja Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Emma E McBride
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT7 1NN, UK
| | | | - Bob Nagler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Norimasa Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0087, Japan
| | - Silvia Pandolfi
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Chongbing Qu
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Philipp Thomas May
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ronald Redmer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Toshinori Yabuuchi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Bratislav Lukic
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexander Rack
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Lisa M V Zinta
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tommaso Vinci
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique-Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Palaiseau, 91128, France
| | - Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique-Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Palaiseau, 91128, France
| | - Alessandra Ravasio
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique-Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Palaiseau, 91128, France
| | - Dominik Kraus
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, 01328, Germany
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3
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Kawaguchi-Imada S, Sinmyo R, Ohta K, Kawaguchi S, Kobayashi T. Submillisecond in situ X-ray diffraction measurement system with changing temperature and pressure using diamond anvil cells at BL10XU/SPring-8. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:343-354. [PMID: 38372672 PMCID: PMC10914164 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523010974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a high demand for elucidating kinetics and visualizing reaction processes under extreme dynamic conditions, such as chemical reactions under meteorite impact conditions, structural changes under nonequilibrium conditions, and in situ observations of dynamic changes. To accelerate material science studies and Earth science fields under dynamic conditions, a submillisecond in situ X-ray diffraction measurement system has been developed using a diamond anvil cell to observe reaction processes under rapidly changing pressure and temperature conditions replicating extreme dynamic conditions. The development and measurements were performed at the high-pressure beamline BL10XU/SPring-8 by synchronizing a high-speed hybrid pixel array detector, laser heating and temperature measurement system, and gas-pressure control system that enables remote and rapid pressure changes using the diamond anvil cell. The synchronized system enabled momentary heating and rapid cooling experiments up to 5000 K via laser heating as well as the visualization of structural changes in high-pressure samples under extreme dynamic conditions during high-speed pressure changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Kawaguchi-Imada
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sinmyo
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohta
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kobayashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
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4
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Sano T, Matsuda T, Hirose A, Ohata M, Terai T, Kakeshita T, Inubushi Y, Sato T, Miyanishi K, Yabashi M, Togashi T, Tono K, Sakata O, Tange Y, Arakawa K, Ito Y, Okuchi T, Sato T, Sekine T, Mashimo T, Nakanii N, Seto Y, Shigeta M, Shobu T, Sano Y, Hosokai T, Matsuoka T, Yabuuchi T, Tanaka KA, Ozaki N, Kodama R. X-ray free electron laser observation of ultrafast lattice behaviour under femtosecond laser-driven shock compression in iron. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13796. [PMID: 37652921 PMCID: PMC10471609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, understanding the nature of shock compression of condensed matter has been a major topic. About 20 years ago, a femtosecond laser emerged as a new shock-driver. Unlike conventional shock waves, a femtosecond laser-driven shock wave creates unique microstructures in materials. Therefore, the properties of this shock wave may be different from those of conventional shock waves. However, the lattice behaviour under femtosecond laser-driven shock compression has never been elucidated. Here we report the ultrafast lattice behaviour in iron shocked by direct irradiation of a femtosecond laser pulse, diagnosed using X-ray free electron laser diffraction. We found that the initial compression state caused by the femtosecond laser-driven shock wave is the same as that caused by conventional shock waves. We also found, for the first time experimentally, the temporal deviation of peaks of stress and strain waves predicted theoretically. Furthermore, the existence of a plastic wave peak between the stress and strain wave peaks is a new finding that has not been predicted even theoretically. Our findings will open up new avenues for designing novel materials that combine strength and toughness in a trade-off relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Sano
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Matsuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akio Hirose
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ohata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Terai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kakeshita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Fukui University of Technology, Fukui, 910-8505, Japan
| | - Yuichi Inubushi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sato
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA
| | - Kohei Miyanishi
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tadashi Togashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tono
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Osami Sakata
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tange
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kazuto Arakawa
- Next Generation TATARA Co-Creation Centre, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ito
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuo Okuchi
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Osaka, 590-0458, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sato
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8511, Japan
| | - Toshimori Sekine
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tsutomu Mashimo
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nakanii
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Masaya Shigeta
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shobu
- Sector of Nuclear Science Research, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yuji Sano
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 212-0013, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Matsuoka
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yabuuchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kazuo A Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norimasa Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kodama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Hu J, Asimow PD, Liu Y, Ma C. Shock-recovered maskelynite indicates low-pressure ejection of shergottites from Mars. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf2906. [PMID: 37134156 PMCID: PMC10156110 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf2906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Diaplectic feldspathic glass, commonly known as maskelynite, is a widely used impact indicator, notably for shergottites, whose shock conditions are keys to their geochemistry and launch mechanism. However, classic reverberating shock recovery experiments show maskelynitization at higher shock pressures (>30 gigapascals) than the stability field of the high-pressure minerals found in many shergottites (15 to 25 gigapascals). Most likely, differences between experimental loading paths and those appropriate for martian impacts have created this ambiguity in shergottite shock histories. Shock reverberation yields lower temperature and deviatoric stress than single-shock planetary impacts at equivalent pressure. We report the Hugoniot equation of state of a martian analog basalt and single-shock recovery experiments, indicating partial-to-complete maskelynitization at 17 to 22 gigapascals, consistent with the high-pressure minerals in maskelynitized shergottites. This pressure explains the presence of intact magmatic accessory minerals, used for geochronology in shergottites, and offers a new pressure-time profile for modeling shergottite launch, likely requiring greater origin depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Hu
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Paul D Asimow
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Chi Ma
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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6
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Unique evidence of fluid alteration in the Kakowa (L6) ordinary chondrite. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5520. [PMID: 35414699 PMCID: PMC9005539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Meteorites preserve evidence of processes on their parent bodies, including alteration, metamorphism, and shock events. Here we show that the Kakowa (L6) ordinary chondrite (OC) preserves both shock-melt veins and pockets of detrital grains from a brecciated and altered object, including corundum, albite, silica, fayalite, forsterite, and margarite in a Pb- and Fe-rich matrix. Preservation of the observed mineralogy and texture requires a sequence of at least two impacts: first, a high-velocity collision formed the shock melt veins containing the high-pressure minerals ringwoodite, wadsleyite, majorite, and albitic jadeite; later, a low-velocity impact formed fractures and filled them with the detrital material. Oxygen and Pb isotope ratios suggest an OC origin for these detrital minerals. Although fluid alteration is common in carbonaceous chondrites, the discovery of margarite with an OC oxygen isotopic signature is novel. Kakowa extends both the impact and alteration history of L6 ordinary chondrites in general.
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7
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Hu J, Sharp TG. Formation, preservation and extinction of high-pressure minerals in meteorites: temperature effects in shock metamorphism and shock classification. PROGRESS IN EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE 2022; 9:6. [PMID: 35059281 PMCID: PMC8732827 DOI: 10.1186/s40645-021-00463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The goal of classifying shock metamorphic features in meteorites is to estimate the corresponding shock pressure conditions. However, the temperature variability of shock metamorphism is equally important and can result in a diverse and heterogeneous set of shock features in samples with a common overall shock pressure. In particular, high-pressure (HP) minerals, which were previously used as a solid indicator of high shock pressure in meteorites, require complex pressure-temperature-time (P-T-t) histories to form and survive. First, parts of the sample must be heated to melting temperatures, at high pressure, to enable rapid formation of HP minerals before pressure release. Second, the HP minerals must be rapidly cooled to below a critical temperature, before the pressure returns to ambient conditions, to avoid retrograde transformation to their low-pressure polymorphs. These two constraints require the sample to contain large temperature heterogeneities, e.g. melt veins in a cooler groundmass, during shock. In this study, we calculated shock temperatures and possible P-T paths of chondritic and differentiated mafic-ultramafic rocks for various shock pressures. These P-T conditions and paths, combined with observations from shocked meteorites, are used to constrain shock conditions and P-T-t histories of HP-mineral bearing samples. The need for rapid thermal quench of HP phases requires a relatively low bulk-shock temperature and therefore moderate shock pressures below ~ 30 GPa, which matches the stabilities of these HP minerals. The low-temperature moderate-pressure host rock generally shows moderate shock-deformation features consistent with S4 and, less commonly, S5 shock stages. Shock pressures in excess of 50 GPa in meteorites result in melt breccias with high overall post-shock temperatures that anneal out HP-mineral signatures. The presence of ringwoodite, which is commonly considered an indicator of the S6 shock stage, is inconsistent with pressures in excess of 30 GPa and does not represent shock conditions different from S4 shock conditions. Indeed, ringwoodite and coexisting HP minerals should be considered as robust evidence for moderate shock pressures (S4) rather than extreme shock (S6) near whole-rock melting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Hu
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Thomas G. Sharp
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
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8
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Ultrafast olivine-ringwoodite transformation during shock compression. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4305. [PMID: 34262045 PMCID: PMC8280208 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Meteorites from interplanetary space often include high-pressure polymorphs of their constituent minerals, which provide records of past hypervelocity collisions. These collisions were expected to occur between kilometre-sized asteroids, generating transient high-pressure states lasting for several seconds to facilitate mineral transformations across the relevant phase boundaries. However, their mechanisms in such a short timescale were never experimentally evaluated and remained speculative. Here, we show a nanosecond transformation mechanism yielding ringwoodite, which is the most typical high-pressure mineral in meteorites. An olivine crystal was shock-compressed by a focused high-power laser pulse, and the transformation was time-resolved by femtosecond diffractometry using an X-ray free electron laser. Our results show the formation of ringwoodite through a faster, diffusionless process, suggesting that ringwoodite can form from collisions between much smaller bodies, such as metre to submetre-sized asteroids, at common relative velocities. Even nominally unshocked meteorites could therefore contain signatures of high-pressure states from past collisions. Meteorites from space often include denser polymorphs of their minerals, providing records of past hypervelocity collisions. An olivine mineral crystal was shock-compressed by a high-power laser, and its transformation into denser ringwoodite was time-resolved using an X-ray free electron laser.
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High pressure minerals in the Château-Renard (L6) ordinary chondrite: implications for collisions on its parent body. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9851. [PMID: 29959423 PMCID: PMC6026127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first discoveries of high-pressure minerals in the historical L6 chondrite fall Château-Renard, based on co-located Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction, electron microprobe analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with selected-area electron diffraction. A single polished section contains a network of melt veins from ~40 to ~200 μm wide, with no cross-cutting features requiring multiple vein generations. We find high-pressure minerals in veins greater than ~50 μm wide, including assemblages of ringwoodite + wadsleyite, ringwoodite + wadsleyite + majorite-pyropess, and ahrensite + wadsleyite. In association with ahrensite + wadsleyite at both SEM and TEM scale, we find a sodic pyroxene whose Raman spectrum is indistinguishable from that of jadeite but whose composition and structure are those of omphacite. We discuss constraints on the impact record of this meteorite and the L-chondrites in general.
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Sahle CJ, Rosa AD, Rossi M, Cerantola V, Spiekermann G, Petitgirard S, Jacobs J, Huotari S, Moretti Sala M, Mirone A. Direct tomography imaging for inelastic X-ray scattering experiments at high pressure. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:269-275. [PMID: 28009566 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516017100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A method to separate the non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering signal of a micro-metric sample contained inside a diamond anvil cell (DAC) from the signal originating from the high-pressure sample environment is described. Especially for high-pressure experiments, the parasitic signal originating from the diamond anvils, the gasket and/or the pressure medium can easily obscure the sample signal or even render the experiment impossible. Another severe complication for high-pressure non-resonant inelastic X-ray measurements, such as X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy, can be the proximity of the desired sample edge energy to an absorption edge energy of elements constituting the DAC. It is shown that recording the scattered signal in a spatially resolved manner allows these problems to be overcome by separating the sample signal from the spurious scattering of the DAC without constraints on the solid angle of detection. Furthermore, simple machine learning algorithms facilitate finding the corresponding detector pixels that record the sample signal. The outlined experimental technique and data analysis approach are demonstrated by presenting spectra of the Si L2,3-edge and O K-edge of compressed α-quartz. The spectra are of unprecedented quality and both the O K-edge and the Si L2,3-edge clearly show the existence of a pressure-induced phase transition between 10 and 24 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch J Sahle
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A D Rosa
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M Rossi
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - V Cerantola
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - G Spiekermann
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - S Petitgirard
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - J Jacobs
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - S Huotari
- Department of Physics, POB 64, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Moretti Sala
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Mirone
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Pressure as a Limiting Factor for Life. Life (Basel) 2016; 6:life6030034. [PMID: 27548228 PMCID: PMC5041010 DOI: 10.3390/life6030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Facts concerning the stability and functioning of key biomolecular components suggest that cellular life should no longer be viable above a few thousand atmospheres (200-300 MPa). However, organisms are seen to survive in the laboratory to much higher pressures, extending into the GPa or even tens of GPa ranges. This is causing main questions to be posed concerning the survival mechanisms of simple to complex organisms. Understanding the ultimate pressure survival of organisms is critical for food sterilization and agricultural products conservation technologies. On Earth the deep biosphere is limited in its extent by geothermal gradients but if life forms exist in cooler habitats elsewhere then survival to greater depths must be considered. The extent of pressure resistance and survival appears to vary greatly with the timescale of the exposure. For example, shock experiments on nanosecond timescales reveal greatly enhanced survival rates extending to higher pressure. Some organisms could survive bolide impacts thus allowing successful transport between planetary bodies. We summarize some of the main questions raised by recent results and their implications for the survival of life under extreme compression conditions and its possible extent in the laboratory and throughout the universe.
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12
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Pang RL, Zhang AC, Wang SZ, Wang RC, Yurimoto H. High-pressure minerals in eucrite suggest a small source crater on Vesta. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26063. [PMID: 27181381 PMCID: PMC4867502 DOI: 10.1038/srep26063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-pressure minerals in meteorites are important records of shock events that have affected the surfaces of planets and asteroids. A widespread distribution of impact craters has been observed on the Vestan surface. However, very few high-pressure minerals have been discovered in Howardite-Eucrite-Diogenite (HED) meteorites. Here we present the first evidence of tissintite, vacancy-rich clinopyroxene, and super-silicic garnet in the eucrite Northwest Africa (NWA) 8003. Combined with coesite and stishovite, the presence of these high-pressure minerals and their chemical compositions reveal that solidification of melt veins in NWA 8003 began at a pressure of >~10 GPa and ceased when the pressure dropped to <~8.5 GPa. The shock temperature in the melt veins exceeded 1900 °C. Simulation results show that shock events that create impact craters of ~3 km in diameter (subject to a factor of 2 uncertainty) are associated with sufficiently high pressures to account for the occurrence of the high-pressure minerals observed in NWA 8003. This indicates that HED meteorites containing similar high-pressure minerals should be observed more frequently than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Lian Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ai-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Shu-Zhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ru-Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Hisayoshi Yurimoto
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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Wirtz T, Philipp P, Audinot JN, Dowsett D, Eswara S. High-resolution high-sensitivity elemental imaging by secondary ion mass spectrometry: from traditional 2D and 3D imaging to correlative microscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:434001. [PMID: 26436905 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/43/434001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) constitutes an extremely sensitive technique for imaging surfaces in 2D and 3D. Apart from its excellent sensitivity and high lateral resolution (50 nm on state-of-the-art SIMS instruments), advantages of SIMS include high dynamic range and the ability to differentiate between isotopes. This paper first reviews the underlying principles of SIMS as well as the performance and applications of 2D and 3D SIMS elemental imaging. The prospects for further improving the capabilities of SIMS imaging are discussed. The lateral resolution in SIMS imaging when using the microprobe mode is limited by (i) the ion probe size, which is dependent on the brightness of the primary ion source, the quality of the optics of the primary ion column and the electric fields in the near sample region used to extract secondary ions; (ii) the sensitivity of the analysis as a reasonable secondary ion signal, which must be detected from very tiny voxel sizes and thus from a very limited number of sputtered atoms; and (iii) the physical dimensions of the collision cascade determining the origin of the sputtered ions with respect to the impact site of the incident primary ion probe. One interesting prospect is the use of SIMS-based correlative microscopy. In this approach SIMS is combined with various high-resolution microscopy techniques, so that elemental/chemical information at the highest sensitivity can be obtained with SIMS, while excellent spatial resolution is provided by overlaying the SIMS images with high-resolution images obtained by these microscopy techniques. Examples of this approach are given by presenting in situ combinations of SIMS with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), helium ion microscopy (HIM) and scanning probe microscopy (SPM).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wirtz
- Advanced Instrumentation for Ion Nano-Analytics (AINA), MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Kubo T, Kato T, Higo Y, Funakoshi KI. Curious kinetic behavior in silica polymorphs solves seifertite puzzle in shocked meteorite. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500075. [PMID: 26601182 PMCID: PMC4640644 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The presence of seifertite, one of the high-pressure polymorphs of silica, in achondritic shocked meteorites has been problematic because this phase is thermodynamically stable at more than ~100 GPa, unrealistically high-pressure conditions for the shock events in the early solar system. We conducted in situ x-ray diffraction measurements at high pressure and temperatures, and found that it metastably appears down to ~11 GPa owing to the clear difference in kinetics between the metastable seifertite and stable stishovite formations. The temperature-insensitive but time-sensitive kinetics for the formation of seifertite uniquely constrains that the critical shock duration and size of the impactor on differentiated parental bodies are at least ~0.01 s and ~50 to 100 m, respectively, from the presence of seifertite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Kubo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Takumi Kato
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuji Higo
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
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15
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Ozawa S, Miyahara M, Ohtani E, Koroleva ON, Ito Y, Litasov KD, Pokhilenko NP. Jadeite in Chelyabinsk meteorite and the nature of an impact event on its parent body. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5033. [PMID: 24852082 PMCID: PMC4030444 DOI: 10.1038/srep05033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chelyabinsk asteroid impact is the second largest asteroid airburst in our recorded history. To prepare for a potential threat from asteroid impacts, it is important to understand the nature and formational history of Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) like Chelyabinsk asteroid. In orbital evolution of an asteroid, collision with other asteroids is a key process. Here, we show the existence of a high-pressure mineral jadeite in shock-melt veins of Chelyabinsk meteorite. Based on the mineral assemblage and calculated solidification time of the shock-melt veins, the equilibrium shock pressure and its duration were estimated to be at least 3–12 GPa and longer than 70 ms, respectively. This suggests that an impactor larger than 0.15–0.19 km in diameter collided with the Chelyabinsk parent body at a speed of at least 0.4–1.5 km/s. This impact might have separated the Chelyabinsk asteroid from its parent body and delivered it to the Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ozawa
- Department of Earth Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masaaki Miyahara
- 1] Department of Earth Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan [2] Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Eiji Ohtani
- 1] Department of Earth Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan [2] V. S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | | | - Yoshinori Ito
- Department of Earth Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Konstantin D Litasov
- 1] V. S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia [2] Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Nikolay P Pokhilenko
- V. S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Baziotis IP, Liu Y, DeCarli PS, Jay Melosh H, McSween HY, Bodnar RJ, Taylor LA. The Tissint Martian meteorite as evidence for the largest impact excavation. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1404. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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17
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Ultrafast growth of wadsleyite in shock-produced melts and its implications for early solar system impact processes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:13691-5. [PMID: 19667178 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0905751106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We observed micrometer-sized grains of wadsleyite, a high-pressure phase of (Mg,Fe)(2)SiO(4,) in the recovery products of a shock experiment. We infer these grains crystallized from shock-generated melt over a time interval of <1 micros, the maximum time over which our experiment reached and sustained pressure sufficient to stabilize this phase. This rapid crystal growth rate (approximately 1 m/s) suggests that, contrary to the conclusions of previous studies of the occurrence of high-pressure phases in shock-melt veins in strongly shocked meteorites, the growth of high-pressure phases from the melt during shock events is not diffusion-controlled. Another process, such as microturbulent transport, must be active in the crystal growth process. This result implies that the times necessary to crystallize the high-pressure phases in shocked meteorites may correspond to shock pressure durations achieved on impacts between objects 1-5 m in diameter and not, as previously inferred, approximately 1-5 km in diameter. These results may also provide another pathway for syntheses, via shock recovery, of some high-value, high-pressure phases.
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Evidence for fractional crystallization of wadsleyite and ringwoodite from olivine melts in chondrules entrained in shock-melt veins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:8542-7. [PMID: 18562280 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0801518105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peace River is one of the few shocked members of the L-chondrites clan that contains both high-pressure polymorphs of olivine, ringwoodite and wadsleyite, in diverse textures and settings in fragments entrained in shock-melt veins. Among these settings are complete olivine porphyritic chondrules. We encountered few squeezed and flattened olivine porphyritic chondrules entrained in shock-melt veins of this meteorite with novel textures and composition. The former chemically unzoned (Fa(24-26)) olivine porphyritic crystals are heavily flattened and display a concentric intergrowth with Mg-rich wadsleyite of a very narrow compositional range (Fa(6)-Fa(10)) in the core. Wadsleyite core is surrounded by a Mg-poor and chemically stark zoned ringwoodite (Fa(28)-Fa(38)) belt. The wadsleyite-ringwoodite interface denotes a compositional gap of up to 32 mol % fayalite. A transmission electron microscopy study of focused ion beam slices in both regions indicates that the wadsleyite core and ringwoodite belt consist of granoblastic-like intergrowth of polygonal crystallites of both ringwoodite and wadsleyite, with wadsleyite crystallites dominating in the core and ringwoodite crystallites dominating in the belt. Texture and compositions of both high-pressure polymorphs are strongly suggestive of formation by a fractional crystallization of the olivine melt of a narrow composition (Fa(24-26)), starting with Mg-rich wadsleyite followed by the Mg-poor ringwoodite from a shock-induced melt of olivine composition (Fa(24-26)). Our findings could erase the possibility of the resulting unrealistic time scales of the high-pressure regime reported recently from other shocked L-6 chondrites.
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