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Yue X, Zhou H, Cao Y, Liao H, Lu X, Yu Z, Yuan W, Liu Z, Lei Y, Sitch S, Knauer J, Wang H. Large potential of strengthening the land carbon sink in China through anthropogenic interventions. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:2622-2631. [PMID: 38955565 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The terrestrial ecosystem in China mitigates 21%-45% of the national contemporary fossil fuel CO2 emissions every year. Maintaining and strengthening the land carbon sink is essential for reaching China's target of carbon neutrality. However, this sink is subject to large uncertainties due to the joint impacts of climate change, air pollution, and human activities. Here, we explore the potential of strengthening land carbon sink in China through anthropogenic interventions, including forestation, ozone reduction, and litter removal, taking advantage of a well-validated dynamic vegetation model and meteorological forcings from 16 climate models. Without anthropogenic interventions, considering Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios, the land sink is projected to be 0.26-0.56 Pg C a-1 at 2060, to which climate change contributes 0.06-0.13 Pg C a-1 and CO2 fertilization contributes 0.08-0.44 Pg C a-1 with the stronger effects for higher emission scenarios. With anthropogenic interventions, under a close-to-neutral emission scenario (SSP1-2.6), the land sink becomes 0.47-0.57 Pg C a-1 at 2060, including the contributions of 0.12 Pg C a-1 by conservative forestation, 0.07 Pg C a-1 by ozone pollution control, and 0.06-0.16 Pg C a-1 by 20% litter removal over planted forest. This sink can mitigate 90%-110% of the residue anthropogenic carbon emissions in 2060, providing a solid foundation for the carbon neutrality in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Jiangsu Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210013, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Xiaofei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, NUIST, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Wenping Yuan
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yadong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Jürgen Knauer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2751, Australia
| | - Huijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, NUIST, Nanjing 210044, China
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2
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Gong C, Tian H, Liao H, Pan N, Pan S, Ito A, Jain AK, Kou-Giesbrecht S, Joos F, Sun Q, Shi H, Vuichard N, Zhu Q, Peng C, Maggi F, Tang FHM, Zaehle S. Global net climate effects of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen. Nature 2024; 632:557-563. [PMID: 39048828 PMCID: PMC11324526 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have substantially enhanced the loadings of reactive nitrogen (Nr) in the Earth system since pre-industrial times1,2, contributing to widespread eutrophication and air pollution3-6. Increased Nr can also influence global climate through a variety of effects on atmospheric and land processes but the cumulative net climate effect is yet to be unravelled. Here we show that anthropogenic Nr causes a net negative direct radiative forcing of -0.34 [-0.20, -0.50] W m-2 in the year 2019 relative to the year 1850. This net cooling effect is the result of increased aerosol loading, reduced methane lifetime and increased terrestrial carbon sequestration associated with increases in anthropogenic Nr, which are not offset by the warming effects of enhanced atmospheric nitrous oxide and ozone. Future predictions using three representative scenarios show that this cooling effect may be weakened primarily as a result of reduced aerosol loading and increased lifetime of methane, whereas in particular N2O-induced warming will probably continue to increase under all scenarios. Our results indicate that future reductions in anthropogenic Nr to achieve environmental protection goals need to be accompanied by enhanced efforts to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to achieve climate change mitigation in line with the Paris Agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gong
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany.
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Hong Liao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Naiqing Pan
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Shufen Pan
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
- Department of Engineering and Environmental Studies Program, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atul K Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sian Kou-Giesbrecht
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Fortunat Joos
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Qing Sun
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nicolas Vuichard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Qing Zhu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biology Sciences, Institute of Environment Science, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Federico Maggi
- Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona H M Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
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3
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Cao Y, Yue X, Liao H, Wang X, Lei Y, Zhou H. Impacts of land cover changes on summer surface ozone in China during 2000-2019. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174821. [PMID: 39019283 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
China implemented continuous forestation and experienced significant greening tendency in the past several decades. While the ecological project brings benefits to regional carbon assimilation, it also affects surface ozone (O3) pollution level through perturbations in biogenic emissions and dry deposition. Here, we use a coupled chemistry-vegetation model to assess the impacts of land use and land cover change (LULCC) on summertime surface O3 in China during 2000-2019. The LULCC is found to enhance O3 by 1-2 ppbv in already-polluted areas. In contrast, moderate reductions of -0.4 to -0.8 ppbv are predicted in southern China where the largest forest cover changes locate. Such inconsistency is attributed to the background chemical regimes with positive O3 changes over VOC-limited regions but negative changes in NOx-limited regions. The net contribution of LULCC to O3 budget in China is 24.17 Kg/s, in which the positive contribution by more isoprene emissions almost triples the negative effects by the increased dry deposition. Although the LULCC-induced O3 perturbation is much lower than the effects of anthropogenic emissions, forest expansion has exacerbated regional O3 pollution in North China Plain and is expected to further enhance surface O3 with continuous forestation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Jiangsu Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210041, China
| | - Xu Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environment and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yadong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
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4
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Zhang K, Zentella R, Burkey KO, Liao HL, Tisdale RH. Long-term tropospheric ozone pollution disrupts plant-microbe-soil interactions in the agroecosystem. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17215. [PMID: 38429894 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3 ) threatens agroecosystems, yet its long-term effects on intricate plant-microbe-soil interactions remain overlooked. This study employed two soybean genotypes of contrasting O3 -sensitivity grown in field plots exposed elevated O3 (eO3 ) and evaluated cause-effect relationships with their associated soil microbiomes and soil quality. Results revealed long-term eO3 effects on belowground soil microbiomes and soil health surpass damage visible on plants. Elevated O3 significantly disrupted belowground bacteria-fungi interactions, reduced fungal diversity, and altered fungal community assembly by impacting soybean physiological properties. Particularly, eO3 impacts on plant performance were significantly associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, undermining their contribution to plants, whereas eO3 increased fungal saprotroph proliferation, accelerating soil organic matter decomposition and soil carbon pool depletion. Free-living diazotrophs exhibited remarkable acclimation under eO3 , improving plant performance by enhancing nitrogen fixation. However, overarching detrimental consequences of eO3 negated this benefit. Overall, this study demonstrated long-term eO3 profoundly governed negative impacts on plant-soil-microbiota interactions, pointing to a potential crisis for agroecosystems. These findings highlight urgent needs to develop adaptive strategies to navigate future eO3 scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaile Zhang
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, Florida, USA
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rodolfo Zentella
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kent O Burkey
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Liao
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, Florida, USA
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ripley H Tisdale
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Weber J, King JA, Abraham NL, Grosvenor DP, Smith CJ, Shin YM, Lawrence P, Roe S, Beerling DJ, Martin MV. Chemistry-albedo feedbacks offset up to a third of forestation's CO 2 removal benefits. Science 2024; 383:860-864. [PMID: 38386743 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg6196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Forestation is widely proposed for carbon dioxide (CO2) removal, but its impact on climate through changes to atmospheric composition and surface albedo remains relatively unexplored. We assessed these responses using two Earth system models by comparing a scenario with extensive global forest expansion in suitable regions to other plausible futures. We found that forestation increased aerosol scattering and the greenhouse gases methane and ozone following increased biogenic organic emissions. Additionally, forestation decreased surface albedo, which yielded a positive radiative forcing (i.e., warming). This offset up to a third of the negative forcing from the additional CO2 removal under a 4°C warming scenario. However, when forestation was pursued alongside other strategies that achieve the 2°C Paris Agreement target, the offsetting positive forcing was smaller, highlighting the urgency for simultaneous emission reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Weber
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - James A King
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Nathan Luke Abraham
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Daniel P Grosvenor
- Centre for Environmental Modelling and Computation (CEMAC), School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK
| | - Christopher J Smith
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Youngsub Matthew Shin
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Peter Lawrence
- NCAR Earth System Laboratory, Climate and Global Dynamics Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
| | | | - David J Beerling
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Maria Val Martin
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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6
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Hoshika Y, Moura BB, Cotrozzi L, Nali C, Alfarraj S, Rennenberg H, Paoletti E. An assessment of ozone risk for date palm suggests that phytotoxic ozone dose nonlinearly affects carbon gain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123143. [PMID: 38097156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a significant phytotoxic air pollutant that has a negative impact on plant carbon gain. Although date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a globally important crop in arid or semi-arid regions, so far O3 risk assessment for this species has not been reported. This study estimated leaf- and plant-level photosynthetic CO2 uptake for understanding how elevated levels of O3 affects date palm biomass growth. Ozone risks to date palm plants were assessed based on exposure- (AOT40) or flux-based indices (Phytotoxic Ozone Dose, PODy, where y is a threshold of uptake). For this purpose, plants were exposed to three levels of O3 [ambient air, AA (45 ppb as daily average); 1.5 × AA; 2.0 × AA] for 92 days in an O3 Free-Air Controlled Exposure facility. According to the model simulations, the negative effects of O3 on plant-level net photosynthetic CO2 uptake were attributed to reduced gross photosynthetic carbon gain and increased respiratory carbon loss. Season-long O3 exposure and elevated temperatures promoted the negative O3 effect because of a further increase of respiratory carbon loss, which was caused by increased leaf temperature due to stomatal closure. POD1 nonlinearly affected the photosynthetic CO2 uptake, which was closely related to the variation of dry mass increment during the experiment. Although the dose-response relationship suggested that a low O3 dose (POD1 < 5.2 mmol m-2) may even positively affect photosynthetic CO2 uptake in date palms, stomatal O3 uptake at the current ambient O3 levels has potentially a negative impact on date palm growth. The results indicate 5.8 mmol m-2 POD1 or 21.1 ppm h AOT40 as critical levels corresponding to a 4% reduction of net CO2 uptake for date palm, suggesting that this species can be identified as a species moderately sensitive to O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sede Secondaria di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy.
| | - Barbara Baesso Moura
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sede Secondaria di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyad, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyad, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Chair of Tree Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110, Freiburg, Germany; Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sede Secondaria di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
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7
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Cheesman AW, Brown F, Farha MN, Rosan TM, Folberth GA, Hayes F, Moura BB, Paoletti E, Hoshika Y, Osborne CP, Cernusak LA, Ribeiro RV, Sitch S. Impacts of ground-level ozone on sugarcane production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166817. [PMID: 37673248 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane is a vital commodity crop often grown in (sub)tropical regions which have been experiencing a recent deterioration in air quality. Unlike for other commodity crops, the risk of air pollution, specifically ozone (O3), to this C4 crop has not yet been quantified. Yet, recent work has highlighted both the potential risks of O3 to C4 bioenergy crops, and the emergence of O3 exposure across the tropics as a vital factor determining global food security. Given the large extent, and planned expansion of sugarcane production in places like Brazil to meet global demand for biofuels, there is a pressing need to characterize the risk of O3 to the industry. In this study, we sought to a) derive sugarcane O3 dose-response functions across a range of realistic O3 exposure and b) model the implications of this across a globally important production area. We found a significant impact of O3 on biomass allocation (especially to leaves) and production across a range of sugarcane genotypes, including two commercially relevant varieties (e.g. CTC4, Q240). Using these data, we calculated dose-response functions for sugarcane and combined them with hourly O3 exposure across south-central Brazil derived from the UK Earth System Model (UKESM1) to simulate the current regional impact of O3 on sugarcane production using a dynamic global vegetation model (JULES vn 5.6). We found that between 5.6 % and 18.3 % of total crop productivity is likely lost across the region due to the direct impacts of current O3 exposure. However, impacts depended critically on the substantial differences in O3 susceptibility observed among sugarcane genotypes and how these were implemented in the model. Our work highlights not only the urgent need to fully elucidate the impacts of O3 in this important bioenergetic crop, but the potential implications air quality may have upon tropical food production more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Cheesman
- College of Science & Engineering and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Flossie Brown
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mst Nahid Farha
- College of Science & Engineering and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia; Department of Chemistry, Rajshahi University of Engineering &Technology, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh
| | - Thais M Rosan
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Felicity Hayes
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Barbara B Moura
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System (ITINERIS), Tito Scalo, 85050 Potenza, Italy
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System (ITINERIS), Tito Scalo, 85050 Potenza, Italy
| | - Colin P Osborne
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science & Engineering and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rafael V Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology (LCroP), Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen Sitch
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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8
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Han T, Hu X, Zhang J, Xue W, Che Y, Deng X, Zhou L. Rebuilding high-quality near-surface ozone data based on the combination of WRF-Chem model with a machine learning method to better estimate its impact on crop yields in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2014 to 2019. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122334. [PMID: 37567405 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the problem of surface ozone pollution in China has been of great concern. According to observation data from monitoring stations, the concentration of near-surface ozone (O3) in China has gradually increased in recent years, and ozone concentration often exceeds the contaminant limit standard, especially in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region. High O3 concentration pollution will adversely affect crop growth, which can cause crop yield losses. Therefore, it is urgent to recognize the situation of ozone pollution in the BTH region and quantitatively evaluate the crop yield losses caused by ozone pollution to develop more effective pollution prevention and control policies. However, the monitoring of ozone concentration in China started relatively late compared with some developed countries, and currently, long-time series data covering the BTH region cannot be obtained, which makes it difficult to evaluate the impact of ozone on crop yield. Therefore, a new method (WRFC-XGB) was proposed in this study to establish a high-precision near-surface O3 concentration dataset covering the whole BTH region from 2014 to 2019 by integrating the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model with the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) machine learning algorithm. Through verification with ground observation station data, the results of WRFC-XGB are satisfactory, and R2 can reach 0.78-0.91. Compared with other algorithms, the accuracy of the near-surface ozone concentration dataset is greatly improved, which can be used to estimate the impact of surface ozone on crop yield. Based on this dataset, the yield loss of winter wheat, rice, and maize caused by O3 pollution was estimated by using the response equation of the relative yield and ozone dose index. The results showed that the total yield losses of winter wheat, rice and maize from 2014 to 2019 were 2659.21 million tons, 49.23 million tons and 1721.56 million tons due to ozone pollution in the BTH region, respectively, and the highest relative yield loss of crops caused by O3 pollution could be 29.37% during 2014-2019, which indicated that the impact of ozone pollution on crop yield cannot be ignored, and effective measures need to be developed to control ozone pollution, prevent crop production loss, and ensure people's food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Han
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Wenhao Xue
- School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yunfei Che
- Key Laboratory for Cloud Physics of China Meteorological Administration (CMA), CMA Weather Modification Centre, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoqing Deng
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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de la Paz D, Borge R, de Andrés JM, Tovar L, Sarwar G, Napelenok SL. Summertime tropospheric ozone source apportionment study in the Madrid region (Spain). ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2023; 24:4949-4972. [PMID: 38846712 PMCID: PMC11151812 DOI: 10.5194/acp-24-4949-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The design of emission abatement measures to effectively reduce high ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations in urban areas is very complex. In addition to the strongly non-linear chemistry of this secondary pollutant, precursors can be released by a variety of sources in different regions, and locally produced O3 is mixed with that transported from the regional or continental scales. All of these processes depend also on the specific meteorological conditions and topography of the study area. Consequently, high-resolution comprehensive modeling tools are needed to understand the drivers of photochemical pollution and to assess the potential of local strategies to reduce adverse impacts from high tropospheric O3 levels. In this study, we apply the Integrated Source Apportionment Method (ISAM) implemented in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ v5.3.2) model to investigate the origin of summertime O3 in the Madrid region (Spain). Consistent with previous studies, our results confirm that O3 levels are dominated by non-local contributions, representing around 70 % of mean values across the region. Nonetheless, precursors emitted by local sources, mainly road traffic, play a more important role during O3 peaks, with contributions as high as 25 ppb. The potential impact of local measures is higher under unfavorable meteorological conditions associated with regional accumulation patterns. These findings suggest that this modeling system may be used in the future to simulate the potential outcomes of specific emission abatement measures to prevent high-O3 episodes in the Madrid metropolitan area.
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Affiliation(s)
- David de la Paz
- Laboratory of Environmental Modelling, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, (UPM), c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Borge
- Laboratory of Environmental Modelling, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, (UPM), c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel de Andrés
- Laboratory of Environmental Modelling, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, (UPM), c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Tovar
- Laboratory of Environmental Modelling, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, (UPM), c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Golam Sarwar
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Sergey L. Napelenok
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
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10
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Chen ZW, Ting YC, Huang CH, Ciou ZJ. Sources-oriented contributions to ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential based on initial VOCs in an urban area of Eastern Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 892:164392. [PMID: 37244610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, the pollution of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the atmosphere has become a major concern worldwide due to their adverse effects on human health, air quality and climate. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are crucial precursors of O3 and SOA, but identifying the primary sources of VOCs that contribute to the formation of O3 and SOA has been challenging due to the rapid consumption of VOCs by oxidants in the air. To address this issue, a study was conducted in a Taipei urban area in Taiwan, where the hourly data of 54 VOC species were collected from March 2020 to February 2021 detected by Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS). The initial mixing ratios of VOCs (VOCsini) were determined by combining the observed VOCs (VOCsobs) and the consumed VOCs resulting from photochemical reactions. Additionally, the ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) were estimated based on VOCsini. The OFP derived from VOCsini (OFPini) was found to exhibit a strong correlation with O3 mixing ratios (R2 = 0.82), whereas the OFP obtained from VOCsobs did not show such a correlation. Isoprene, toluene and m,p-xylene were the top three species contributing to OFPini, while toluene and m,p-xylene were the top two contributors to SOAFPini. Positive matrix factorization analysis revealed that biogenic, consumer/household products, and industrial solvents were the major contributors to OFPini in four seasons, and SOAFPini mostly came from consumer/household products and industrial solvents. This study highlights the importance of considering photochemical loss caused by different VOCs reactivity in the atmosphere when evaluating OFP and SOAFP. Moreover, it emphasizes the need to prioritize controlling the sources emitting the dominant VOC precursors of O3 and SOA to effectively alleviate the scenarios of elevated O3 and particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zih-Wun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Ting
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Hsiu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Jhe Ciou
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Clifton OE, Schwede D, Hogrefe C, Bash JO, Bland S, Cheung P, Coyle M, Emberson L, Flemming J, Fredj E, Galmarini S, Ganzeveld L, Gazetas O, Goded I, Holmes CD, Horváth L, Huijnen V, Li Q, Makar PA, Mammarella I, Manca G, Munger JW, Pérez-Camanyo JL, Pleim J, Ran L, Jose RS, Silva SJ, Staebler R, Sun S, Tai APK, Tas E, Vesala T, Weidinger T, Wu Z, Zhang L. A single-point modeling approach for the intercomparison and evaluation of ozone dry deposition across chemical transport models (Activity 2 of AQMEII4). ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2023; 23:9911-9961. [PMID: 37990693 PMCID: PMC10659075 DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-9911-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
A primary sink of air pollutants and their precursors is dry deposition. Dry deposition estimates differ across chemical transport models, yet an understanding of the model spread is incomplete. Here, we introduce Activity 2 of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative Phase 4 (AQMEII4). We examine 18 dry deposition schemes from regional and global chemical transport models as well as standalone models used for impact assessments or process understanding. We configure the schemes as single-point models at eight Northern Hemisphere locations with observed ozone fluxes. Single-point models are driven by a common set of site-specific meteorological and environmental conditions. Five of eight sites have at least 3 years and up to 12 years of ozone fluxes. The interquartile range across models in multiyear mean ozone deposition velocities ranges from a factor of 1.2 to 1.9 annually across sites and tends to be highest during winter compared with summer. No model is within 50 % of observed multiyear averages across all sites and seasons, but some models perform well for some sites and seasons. For the first time, we demonstrate how contributions from depositional pathways vary across models. Models can disagree with respect to relative contributions from the pathways, even when they predict similar deposition velocities, or agree with respect to the relative contributions but predict different deposition velocities. Both stomatal and nonstomatal uptake contribute to the large model spread across sites. Our findings are the beginning of results from AQMEII4 Activity 2, which brings scientists who model air quality and dry deposition together with scientists who measure ozone fluxes to evaluate and improve dry deposition schemes in the chemical transport models used for research, planning, and regulatory purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia E. Clifton
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia Climate School, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donna Schwede
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Christian Hogrefe
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jesse O. Bash
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sam Bland
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment and Geography Department, University of York, York, UK
| | - Philip Cheung
- Air Quality Research Division, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mhairi Coyle
- United Kingdom Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lisa Emberson
- Environment and Geography Department, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Erick Fredj
- Department of Computer Science, The Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Laurens Ganzeveld
- Meteorology and Air Quality Section, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Orestis Gazetas
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Ignacio Goded
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Christopher D. Holmes
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - László Horváth
- ELKH-SZTE Photoacoustic Research Group, Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Vincent Huijnen
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, the Netherlands
| | - Qian Li
- The Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Paul A. Makar
- Air Quality Research Division, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giovanni Manca
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - J. William Munger
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Pleim
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Limei Ran
- Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Roberto San Jose
- Computer Science School, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sam J. Silva
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ralf Staebler
- Air Quality Research Division, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shihan Sun
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amos P. K. Tai
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eran Tas
- The Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Timo Vesala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tamás Weidinger
- Department of Meteorology, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- ORISE Fellow at Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
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12
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Ghosh A, Kumar S, Das J. Impact of leachate and landfill gas on the ecosystem and health: Research trends and the way forward towards sustainability. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 336:117708. [PMID: 36913859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Globally, a whopping increase in solid waste (SW) generation and the risks posed by climate change are major concerns. A wide spread practice for disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) is landfill, which swells with population and urbanization. Waste, if treated properly, can be used to produce renewable energy. The recent global event COP 27 mainly stressed on production of renewable energy to achieve the Net Zero target. The MSW landfill is the most significant anthropogenic source of methane (CH4) emission. On one side, CH4 is a greenhouse gas (GHG), and on the other it is a main component of biogas. Wastewater that collects due to rainwater percolation in landfills creates landfill leachate. There is a need to understand global landfill management practices thoroughly for implementation of better practices and policies related to this threat. This study critically reviews recent publications on leachate and landfill gas. The review discusses leachate treatment and landfill gas emissions, focusing on the possible reduction technology of CH4 emission and its impact on the environment. Mixed leachate will benefit from the combinational therapy method because of its intricate combination. Implementation of circular material management, entrepreneurship ideas, blockchain, machine learning, LCA usage in waste management, and economic benefits from CH4 production have been emphasized. Bibliometric analysis of 908 articles from the last 37 years revealed that industrialized nations dominate this research domain, with the United States having the highest number of citations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Ghosh
- Indian Institute of Management Sirmaur, Paonta Sahib, 173 025, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Launceston Campus, Australia Private Bag 51, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
| | - Jit Das
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713 209, India
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13
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Chen W, Wang Q, Li Q, Wang Y, Zheng W. Exploring the impact of rural labor transfer on the production and ecological sustainability of crop planting structure in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:22668-22685. [PMID: 36289129 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the improvement of industrialization, numerous rural laborers migrate to urban areas in search of off-farm jobs. Farmers change agricultural production decisions to adapt to the change of labor force, which will inevitably affect the crop planting structure. However, few studies have explored the sustainability of crop planting structure. Based on the calculation of the multiple cropping index (MCI), grain crops planting rate (GCR), economic crops planting rate (ECR), and ecological sustainability index (ESI) of crop planting structure, this study analyzes the impact of labor transfer rate (LTR) and labor cost (LC) on the sustainability of crop planting structure using a geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model. The results show that the scale of rural labor transfer and labor cost in China remains on the rise, but the growth rate has slowed down. The total carbon absorption of crops in China shows a U-shape trend, and the rice and maize have the largest carbon absorption. The impact of LTR on MCI is mainly positive, especially in the North China Plain in the early stage and some provinces in the Southwest China in the later stage. The impact of LTR on ECR and ESI is negative in most provinces. And the negative influence of LC on MCI is increasing, showing the spatial distribution characteristics of large influence in the southeast and small influence in the northwest. The impact of LC on ESI shows a negative effect in most provinces in the early stage, and the negative effect is more concentrated in some provinces in the southwest in the later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Qiao Li
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, China
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14
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Liu M, Bai X, Tan Q, Luo G, Zhao C, Wu L, Chen F, Li C, Yang Y, Ran C, Luo X, Zhang S. Climate change enhanced the positive contribution of human activities to net ecosystem productivity from 1983 to 2018. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAccurate assessment of the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) is very important for understanding the global carbon balance. However, it remains unknown whether climate change (CC) promoted or weakened the impact of human activities (HA) on the NEP from 1983 to 2018.MethodsHere, we quantified the contribution of CC and HA to the global NEP under six different scenarios based on a boosted regression tree model and sensitivity analysis over the last 40 years.Results and discussionThe results show that (1) a total of 69% of the areas showed an upward trend in the NEP, with HA and CC controlled 36.33 and 32.79% of the NEP growth, respectively. The contribution of HA (HA_con) far exceeded that of CC by 6.4 times. (2) The CO2 concentration had the largest positive contribution (37%) to NEP and the largest influence area (32.5%). It made the most significant contribution to the NEP trend in the range of 435–440 ppm. In more than 50% of the areas, the main loss factor was solar radiation (SR) in any control area of the climate factors. (3) Interestingly, CC enhanced the positive HA_con to the NEP in 44% of the world, and in 25% of the area, the effect was greater than 50%. Our results shed light on the optimal range of each climatic factor for enhancing the NEP and emphasize the important role of CC in enhancing the positive HA_con to the NEP found in previous studies.
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15
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Zhang K, Jiang L, Jin Y, Liu W. The Carbon Emission Characteristics and Reduction Potential in Developing Areas: Case Study from Anhui Province, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16424. [PMID: 36554306 PMCID: PMC9778387 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and world-wide climate change caused by increasing carbon emissions have attracted a widespread public attention, while anthropogenic activities account for most of these problems generated in the social economy. In order to comprehensively measure the levels of carbon emissions and carbon sinks in Anhui Province, the study adopted some specific carbon accounting methods to analyze and explore datasets from the following suggested five carbon emission sources of energy consumption, food consumption, cultivated land, ruminants and waste, and three carbon sink sources of forest, grassland and crops to compile the carbon emission inventory in Anhui Province. Based on the compiled carbon emission inventory, carbon emissions and carbon sink capacity were calculated from 2000 to 2019 in Anhui Province, China. Combined with ridge regression and scenario analysis, the STIRPAT model was used to evaluate and predict the regional carbon emission from 2020 to 2040 to explore the provincial low-carbon development pathways, and carbon emissions of various industrial sectors were systematically compared and analyzed. Results showed that carbon emissions increased rapidly from 2000 to 2019 and regional energy consumption was the primary source of carbon emissions in Anhui Province. There were significant differences found in the increasing carbon emissions among various industries. The consumption proportion of coal in the provincial energy consumption continued to decline, while the consumption of oil and electricity proceeded to increase. Furthermore, there were significant differences among different urban and rural energy structures, and the carbon emissions from waste incineration were increasing. Additionally, there is an inverted "U"-shape curve of correlation between carbon emission and economic development in line with the environmental Kuznets curve, whereas it indicated a "positive U"-shaped curve of correlation between carbon emission and urbanization rate. The local government should strengthen environmental governance, actively promote industrial transformation, and increase the proportion of clean energy in the energy production and consumption structures in Anhui Province. These also suggested a great potential of emission reduction with carbon sink in Anhui Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Zhang
- School of Business, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Liangyu Jiang
- School of Business, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Yanzhi Jin
- School of Business, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Wuyi Liu
- School of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
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16
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Min R, Wang F, Wang Y, Song G, Zheng H, Zhang H, Ru X, Song H. Contribution of local and surrounding area anthropogenic emissions to a high ozone episode in Zhengzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113440. [PMID: 35526583 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed an ozone pollution episode that occurred in the summer of 2020 in Zhengzhou, the provincial capital of Henan, China, and quantified the contribution of local and surrounding area anthropogenic emissions to this episode based on the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) model. Simulation results showed that the WRF/Chem model is well suited to simulate the ozone concentrations in this area. In addition, four simulation scenarios (removing the emissions from the northern Zhengzhou, southwestern Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou local and southeastern Zhengzhou) were conducted to explore the specific contributions of local emissions and emissions from surrounding areas within Henan to this ozone pollution episode. We found that contributions from the northern, local, southwestern, and southeastern regions were 6.1%, 5.9%, 1.7%, and 1.5%, respectively. The northern and local emissions of Zhengzhou (only emissions from Zhengzhou) were prominent contributors within the simulation areas. In other words, during this episode, most of the ozone pollution in Zhengzhou appeared to be transported in from regions outside Henan Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Min
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yaobin Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Genxin Song
- Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| | - Hui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Haopeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Xutong Ru
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Hongquan Song
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
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17
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Watanabe M, Li J, Matsumoto M, Aoki T, Ariura R, Fuse T, Zhang Y, Kinose Y, Yamaguchi M, Izuta T. Growth and photosynthetic responses to ozone of Siebold's beech seedlings grown under elevated CO 2 and soil nitrogen supply. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119233. [PMID: 35358628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a phytotoxic air pollutant, the adverse effects of which on growth and photosynthesis are modified by other environmental factors. In this study, we examined the combined effects of O3, elevated CO2, and soil nitrogen supply on Siebold's beech seedlings. Seedlings were grown under combinations of two levels of O3 (low and two times ambient O3 concentration), two levels of CO2 (ambient and 700 ppm), and three levels of soil nitrogen supply (0, 50, and 100 kg N ha-1 year-1) during two growing seasons (2019 and 2020), with leaf photosynthetic traits being determined during the second season. We found that elevated CO2 ameliorated O3-induced reductions in photosynthetic activity, whereas the negative effects of O3 on photosynthetic traits were enhanced by soil nitrogen supply. We observed three-factor interactions in photosynthetic traits, with the ameliorative effects of elevated CO2 on O3-induced reductions in the maximum rate of carboxylation being more pronounced under high than under low soil nitrogen conditions in July. In contrast, elevated CO2-induced amelioration of the effects of O3 on stomatal function-related traits was more pronounced under low soil nitrogen conditions. Although we observed several two- or three-factor interactions of gas and soil treatments with respect to leaf photosynthetic traits, the shoot to root dry mass (S/R) ratio was the only parameter for which a significant interaction was detected among seedling growth parameters. O3 caused a significant increase in S/R under ambient CO2 conditions, whereas no similar effects were observed under elevated CO2 conditions. Collectively, our findings reveal the complex interactive effects of elevated CO2 and soil nitrogen supply on the detrimental effects of O3 on leaf photosynthetic traits, and highlight the importance of taking into consideration differences between the responses of CO2 uptake and growth to these three environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Jing Li
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Misako Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takuro Aoki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryo Ariura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fuse
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kinose
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izuta
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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18
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Chen B, Liu M, Ye W, Zhang B. Assessing the impact of green nudges on ozone concentration: Evidence from China's night refueling policy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 312:114899. [PMID: 35334402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution poses health risks and premature mortality, and gas stations are one of the largest sources of urban volatile organic compounds (VOCs, the main precursor to O3). This paper investigates whether the government's call for night refueling, which can be regarded as a green nudge, can guide changes in consumer behavior and consequently improve environmental quality. Using a difference-in-differences (DID) estimation and weekly monitoring site air quality panel data, we analyze the effect of the Night Refueling Preferential Policy on O3 concentrations. We find that the policy can reduce O3 concentrations by 10% by encouraging consumers to refuel at night. The reduction in O3 has brought great benefits to human health, leading to a 4-5‰ reduction in non-accidental mortality and a 6-8‰ reduction in cardiovascular mortality in Jiangsu province. The economic benefits of this policy would be approximately 62-189 billion Chinese Yuan (CNY) if it were implemented nationwide. The findings of this study suggest that the government can influence consumer behavior to promote environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mengdi Liu
- School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, China.
| | - Weili Ye
- Research Center for Total Amount Control and Emission Trading, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
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19
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Mao B, Wang Y, Zhao TH, Zhao Q, San Y, Xiao SS. Response of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration and stoichiometry of plants and soils during a soybean growth season to O 3 stress and straw return in Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153573. [PMID: 35122851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and stoichiometry play important roles in biogeochemical cycles of the ecosystems, yet it is still unclear how the allocations of C, N and P concentrations and stoichiometry among plant organs and soils related to O3 stress and straw return. Here, a pot experiment was conducted in open top chambers to monitor the response of C, N and P concentrations and stoichiometry of leaves, stems, roots and soils during a growing season (branching, flowering and podding stages) of soybean (Glycine max; a species highly sensitive to O3) to background O3 concentration (44.8 ± 5.6 ppb), O3 stress (79.7 ± 5.4 ppb) and straw treatment (no straw return and straw return). O3 stress significantly decreased root biomass. Straw return significantly increased root biomass under O3 stress at branching and flowering stages. Generally, O3 stress and straw return showed significant effects on the C, N and P concentrations of leaves and soils, and stoichiometric ratios of leaves, stems and microbial biomass. The C, N and P concentrations and stoichiometry of leaves, stems, roots and soils in response to O3 stress and straw return at the branching stage were inconsistent with the changes observed at the flowering and podding stages. The P conversion efficiency showed significant relationship with root P concentration under the combined effects of O3 stress and straw return. Altogether, the present study indicated that C, N and P concentrations of soybean might be more important than stoichiometric ratios as a driver of root defence against O3 stress in the case of straw return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Nanning Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation (Nanning Normal University), Nanning 530001, China; College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tian-Hong Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Qiong Zhao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yu San
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Nanning Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation (Nanning Normal University), Nanning 530001, China
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20
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Wang Y, Xu S, Li B, Chen W, Li Y, He X, Wang N. Responses of spring leaf phenological and functional traits of two urban tree species to air warming and/or elevated ozone. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 179:158-167. [PMID: 35358866 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming and surface ozone (O3) pollution are important global environmental issues today. However, the combined impacts of air warming and O3 on phenology and its functional traits of urban trees are still poorly understood. Here, an experiment was performed to explore the variations of the spring phenological and functional traits in leaves of Populus alba 'Berolinensis' and Forsythia suspensa under ambient air (15.8 °C, 35.7 ppb), increased air temperature (IT, ambient air temperature + 2 °C, 17.9 °C), elevated O3 (EO, ambient air O3 concentrations + 40 ppb, 77.4 ppb), and their combined treatments (17.7 °C, 74.5 ppb). Our results showed that: IT advanced the beginning of leaf bud expansion phase of P. alba 'Berolinensis' and F. suspensa for 6 d and 5 d, respectively, increased leaf unfolding rate, leaf area and dry weight, and enhanced photosynthesis and antioxidative enzyme activities. EO delayed the beginning of leaf bud expansion phase of P. alba 'Berolinensis' for 5 d, decreased leaf area and biomass, and inhibited photosynthesis and caused oxidative damage of plant leaves. Compared to EO, the combined treatment advanced the spring phenophase, increased growth and induced the higher level of photosynthetic rate and antioxidative enzymes activities in plant leaves, which indicated that the positive effects of increased temperature (17.7 °C) alleviated the inhibition of growth and photosynthesis induced by ozone. Our findings can provide a theoretical reference for predicting the adaptation of functional traits of the two trees blossomed early under warming and O3 pollution at spring phenological stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Bo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xingyuan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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21
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Launiainen S, Katul GG, Leppä K, Kolari P, Aslan T, Grönholm T, Korhonen L, Mammarella I, Vesala T. Does growing atmospheric CO 2 explain increasing carbon sink in a boreal coniferous forest? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2910-2929. [PMID: 35112446 PMCID: PMC9544622 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The terrestrial net ecosystem productivity (NEP) has increased during the past three decades, but the mechanisms responsible are still unclear. We analyzed 17 years (2001-2017) of eddy-covariance measurements of NEP, evapotranspiration (ET) and light and water use efficiency from a boreal coniferous forest in Southern Finland for trends and inter-annual variability (IAV). The forest was a mean annual carbon sink (252 [ ± 42] gC m-2a-1 ), and NEP increased at rate +6.4-7.0 gC m-2a-1 (or ca. +2.5% a-1 ) during the period. This was attributed to the increasing gross-primary productivity GPP and occurred without detectable change in ET. The start of annual carbon uptake period was advanced by 0.7 d a-1 , and increase in GPP and NEP outside the main growing season contributed ca. one-third and one-fourth of the annual trend, respectively. Meteorological factors were responsible for the IAV of fluxes but did not explain the long-term trends. The growing season GPP trend was strongest in ample light during the peak growing season. Using a multi-layer ecosystem model, we showed that direct CO2 fertilization effect diminishes when moving from leaf to ecosystem, and only 30-40% of the observed ecosystem GPP increase could be attributed to CO2 . The increasing trend in leaf-area index (LAI), stimulated by forest thinning in 2002, was the main driver of the enhanced GPP and NEP of the mid-rotation managed forest. It also compensated for the decrease of mean leaf stomatal conductance with increasing CO2 and LAI, explaining the apparent proportionality between observed GPP and CO2 trends. The results emphasize that attributing trends to their physical and physiological drivers is challenged by strong IAV, and uncertainty of LAI and species composition changes due to the dynamic flux footprint. The results enlighten the underlying mechanisms responsible for the increasing terrestrial carbon uptake in the boreal zone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel G. Katul
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kersti Leppä
- Natural Resources Institute FinlandHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pasi Kolari
- Faculty of ScienceInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Toprak Aslan
- Faculty of ScienceInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | | | - Ivan Mammarella
- Faculty of ScienceInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Timo Vesala
- Faculty of ScienceInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Agriculture and ForestryInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Yugra State UniversityKhanty‐MansiyskRussia
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22
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Estimation of the Near-Surface Ozone Concentration with Full Spatiotemporal Coverage across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Based on Extreme Gradient Boosting Combined with a WRF-Chem Model. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the intensification of global warming and economic development in China, the near-surface ozone (O3) concentration has been increasing recently, especially in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, which is the political and economic center of China. However, O3 has been measured in real time only over the past few years, and the observational records are discontinuous. Therefore, we propose a new method (WRFC-XGB) to establish a near-surface O3 concentration dataset in the BTH region by integrating the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model with the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm. Based on this method, the 8-h maximum daily average (MDA8) O3 concentrations are obtained with full spatiotemporal coverage at a spatial resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° across the BTH region in 2018. Two evaluation methods, sample- and station-based 10-fold cross-validation (10-CV), are used to assess our method. The sample-based (station-based) 10-CV evaluation results indicate that WRFC-XGB can achieve excellent accuracy with a high coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.95 (0.91), low root mean square error (RMSE) of 13.50 (17.70) µg m−3, and mean absolute error (MAE) of 9.60 (12.89) µg m−3. In addition, superb spatiotemporal consistencies are confirmed for this model, including the estimation of high O3 concentrations, and our WRFC-XGB model outperforms traditional models and previous studies in data mining. In addition, the proposed model can be applied to estimate the O3 concentration when it has not been measured. Furthermore, the spatial distribution analysis of the MDA8 O3 in 2018 reveals that O3 pollution in the BTH region exhibits significant seasonality. Heavy O3 pollution episodes mainly occur in summer, and the high O3 loading is distributed mainly in the southern BTH areas, which will pose challenges to atmospheric environmental governance for local governments.
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23
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Li L, Xie F, Li J, Gong K, Xie X, Qin Y, Qin M, Hu J. Diagnostic analysis of regional ozone pollution in Yangtze River Delta, China: A case study in summer 2020. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:151511. [PMID: 34762949 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A regional ozone (O3) pollution event occurred in the Yangtze River Delta region during August 17-23, 2020 (except on August 21). This study aims to understand the causes of O3 pollution during the event using an emission-based model (i.e., the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model) and an observation-based model (OBM). The OBM was used to investigate O3 sensitivity to its precursors during the O3 pollution, concluding that O3 formation was limited by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on August 19, but was co-limited by VOCs and nitrogen oxides (NOx) on other polluted days. Aromatics and alkenes were the two main VOC groups contributing to the O3 formation, with trans-2-butene and m/p-xylene as the key species among the VOCs measured at the Nanjing urban site. The source apportionment results estimated using the source-oriented CMAQ model suggest that the transportation and industry sources dominated the non-background O3 production in Nanjing, which were responsible for 52% and 24.7%, respectively. The O3 concentration attributed to NOx (~70%) was significantly higher than that attributed to VOCs (approximately 30%). The process analysis revealed that vertical mixing increased the O3 concentrations in the early morning, and photochemical reactions promoted O3 formation and accumulation during the daytime within the planetary boundary layer. At night, outflow from horizontal transport and nocturnal chemistry jointly resulted the O3 depletion. The contributions of inter-city transport during the O3 pollution period in Nanjing were also estimated. The predicted O3 concentration was largely recorded from long-distance regions, reaching 46%, followed by local sources (38%) and surrounding cities (16%). The results indicate that both NOx and VOCs contributed significantly to O3 pollution during this event, and the emissions controls of NOx and the key VOC species of aromatics and alkenes from a cooperative regional perspective should be considered to mitigate O3 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fangjian Xie
- Nanjing Municipal Academy of Ecological and Environment Protection Science, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Kangjia Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Momei Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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24
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Anav A, De Marco A, Collalti A, Emberson L, Feng Z, Lombardozzi D, Sicard P, Verbeke T, Viovy N, Vitale M, Paoletti E. Legislative and functional aspects of different metrics used for ozone risk assessment to forests. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 295:118690. [PMID: 34921939 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface ozone (O3) is a threat to forests by decreasing photosynthesis and, consequently, influencing the strength of land carbon sink. However, due to the lack of continuous surface O3 measurements, observational-based assessments of O3 impacts on forests are largely missing at hemispheric to global scales. Currently, some metrics are used for regulatory purposes by governments or national agencies to protect forests against the negative impacts of ozone: in particular, both Europe and United States (US) makes use of two different exposure-based metrics, i.e. AOT40 and W126, respectively. However, because of some limitations in these metrics, a new standard is under consideration by the European Union (EU) to replace the current exposure metric. We analyse here the different air quality standards set or proposed for use in Europe and in the US to protect forests from O3 and to evaluate their spatial and temporal consistency while assessing their effectiveness in protecting northern-hemisphere forests. Then, we compare their results with the information obtained from a complex land surface model (ORCHIDEE). We find that present O3 uptake decreases gross primary production (GPP) in 37.7% of the NH forested area of northern hemisphere with a mean loss of 2.4% year-1. We show how the proposed US (W126) and the currently used European (AOT40) air quality standards substantially overestimate the extension of potential vulnerable regions, predicting that 46% and 61% of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) forested area are at risk of O3 pollution. Conversely, the new proposed European standard (POD1) identifies lower extension of vulnerability regions (39.6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Anav
- Department of Sustainability, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Marco
- Department of Sustainability, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment (ENEA), Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessio Collalti
- Forest Modelling Laboratory. Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Perugia, Italy
| | - Lisa Emberson
- Environment and Geography Department, University of York, York, UK
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- Climate and Global Dynamics, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Thomas Verbeke
- Laboratory of Mechanics and Technology, ENS Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Viovy
- Laboratory for Sciences of Climate and Environment (LSCE), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Marcello Vitale
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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25
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Khan SR, Saini S, Naresh K, Kumari A, Aniya V, Khatri PK, Ray A, Jain SL. CO 2 as oxidant: an unusual light-assisted catalyst free oxidation of aldehydes to acids under mild conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2208-2211. [PMID: 35072682 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06057k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel visible light-driven catalyst-free oxidation of aldehydes using CO2 both in batch and flow photoreactors to get corresponding acids along with the formation of CO in the effluent gas is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiur Rehman Khan
- Chemical & Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Mohkampur, Dehradun-248005, India.
| | - Sandhya Saini
- Chemical & Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Mohkampur, Dehradun-248005, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - K Naresh
- Process Engineering Technology Transfer Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Alka Kumari
- Process Engineering Technology Transfer Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Vineet Aniya
- Process Engineering Technology Transfer Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Praveen K Khatri
- Chemical & Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Mohkampur, Dehradun-248005, India.
| | - Anjan Ray
- Chemical & Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Mohkampur, Dehradun-248005, India.
- Director, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun-248004, India
| | - Suman L Jain
- Chemical & Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Mohkampur, Dehradun-248005, India.
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26
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Feng Z, Xu Y, Kobayashi K, Dai L, Zhang T, Agathokleous E, Calatayud V, Paoletti E, Mukherjee A, Agrawal M, Park RJ, Oak YJ, Yue X. Ozone pollution threatens the production of major staple crops in East Asia. NATURE FOOD 2022; 3:47-56. [PMID: 37118490 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
East Asia is a hotspot of surface ozone (O3) pollution, which hinders crop growth and reduces yields. Here, we assess the relative yield loss in rice, wheat and maize due to O3 by combining O3 elevation experiments across Asia and air monitoring at about 3,000 locations in China, Japan and Korea. China shows the highest relative yield loss at 33%, 23% and 9% for wheat, rice and maize, respectively. The relative yield loss is much greater in hybrid than inbred rice, being close to that for wheat. Total O3-induced annual loss of crop production is estimated at US$63 billion. The large impact of O3 on crop production urges us to take mitigation action for O3 emission control and adaptive agronomic measures against the rising surface O3 levels across East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yansen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Kazuhiko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Lulu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Arideep Mukherjee
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rokjin J Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yujin J Oak
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xu Yue
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
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27
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Li P, Feng Z, Shang B, Uddling J. Combining carbon and oxygen isotopic signatures to identify ozone-induced declines in tree water-use efficiency. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2234-2244. [PMID: 33822226 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution affects the plant carbon and water balance, but the relative contributions of impaired photosynthesis and the loss of stomatal functioning to the O3-induced reductions in water-use efficiency (WUE) remain unclear. We combined the leaf stable dual isotopic signatures of carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) with related instantaneous gas exchange performance to determine the effects of O3 dose on the net photosynthetic rate (An), stomatal conductance (gs) and intrinsic WUE (iWUE = An/gs) in four tree species (one being a hybrid) exposed to five O3 levels. The iWUE declined for each step increase in O3 level, reflecting progressive loss of the coupling between leaf carbon gain and water loss. In ambient compared with charcoal-filtered air, the decreased iWUE was associated with reductions in both An and gs (i.e., decreased δ13C and increased δ18O). In elevated O3 treatments, however, the iWUE declines were caused by reduced An at constant or increased gs. The results show that the dual isotope approach provides a robust way to gather time-integrated information on how O3 pollution affects leaf gas exchange. Our study highlights that O3-induced decoupling between photosynthesis and stomatal regulation causes large and progressive declines in the WUE of forest trees, demonstrating the need for incorporating this hitherto unaccounted for effect into vegetation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Li
- Research Center for Urban Forestry, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Ningliu Road 219, Pukou District, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Bo Shang
- Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Ningliu Road 219, Pukou District, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Cernusak LA, Farha MN, Cheesman AW. Understanding how ozone impacts plant water-use efficiency. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2229-2233. [PMID: 34569610 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Mst Nahid Farha
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh 6204
| | - Alexander W Cheesman
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
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29
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Xu Y, Feng Z, Kobayashi K. Performances of a system for free-air ozone concentration elevation with poplar plantation under increased nitrogen deposition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58298-58309. [PMID: 34115305 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing emission of nitrogen oxides exerts large impacts on vegetation by raising surface ozone (O3) concentrations and enhancing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. We established a free-air O3 concentration elevation and enhanced N deposition system (O3-N-FACE) in Beijing, China, to investigate long-term effects of elevated O3 and N deposition on poplar plantation. Eight square plots with a side length of 16 m were randomly allocated to elevated O3 (E-O3) and ambient air (AA) treatments. Ozone generated by electric discharge in pure oxygen is mixed with clean and dry air, and released from small holes on the tubes installed above the plant canopy at a rate controlled to keep O3 concentration in E-O3 plots by 50% higher than that in AA plots. Each O3 treatment plot consisted of four subplots with a factorial combination of 2 lines of poplar clones and 2 levels of N deposition rate. In enhanced N deposition subplots, we sprayed urea solution on the plantation floor at a rate of 60 kg ha-1 year-1. We hereby present the system performances during the growing seasons of 2018 and 2019: the first 2 years of experiment. The mean daytime O3 concentrations of E-O3 plots were 38% and 31% higher than AA plots in 2018 and 2019, respectively. And, in 2019, the accumulated O3 exposure over 40 ppb (AOT40) in E-O3 plots was 70% higher than that in AA plots. The hourly mean O3 concentrations in E-O3 plots were within 20% of the target for 83% of time on average across the four E-O3 plots. Within the E-O3 plots, spatial distribution of the hourly O3 concentration exhibited the maximum deviation at 24% in 2019. We concluded that performance of this system is better than other similar facilities for trees and suitable for a long-term experiment of enhanced O3 and N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansen Xu
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Kazuhiko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang M, Li G, Feng Z, Liu Y, Xu Y, Uscola M. Uptake of nitrogen forms by diploid and triploid white poplar depends on seasonal carbon use strategy and elevated summer ozone. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:7180-7190. [PMID: 34228101 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability of plants to acquire soil nitrogen (N) sources is plastic in response to abiotic and biotic factors. However, information about how plant preferences among N forms changes in response to internal plant N demand through growth phases, or to environmental stress such as ozone (O3), is scarce. Diploid and triploid Chinese white poplar were used to investigate N form preferences at two key developmental periods (spring, summer) and in response to summer O3 (ambient, 60 ppb above ambient). We used stable isotopes to quantify NH4+, NO3- and glycine N-uptake rates. Carbon acquisition was recorded simultaneously. Both ploidy levels differed in growth, N form preferences, and N and C use strategies. Diploid white poplars grew faster in spring but slower in summer compared with triploids. Diploid white poplars also showed plasticity among N form preferences through the season, with no preferences in spring, and NO3- preferred in summer, while triploids showed an overall preference for NO3-. Carbon acquisition and NO3- uptake were inhibited in both ploidy levels of poplar at elevated O3, which also reduced diploid total N uptake. However, triploid white poplars alleviated N uptake reduction, switching to similar preferences among N forms. We conclude that N form preferences by white poplar are driven by internal C and N use in response to nutrient demands, and external factors such as O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- Research Center of Deciduous Oaks, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Valuable Deciduous Tree Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guolei Li
- Research Center of Deciduous Oaks, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Valuable Deciduous Tree Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Research Center of Deciduous Oaks, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Valuable Deciduous Tree Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mercedes Uscola
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, U.D. Ecología, Universidad de Alcalá, Apdo. 20, E-28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Satellite-Observed Effects from Ozone Pollution and Climate Change on Growing-Season Vegetation Activity over China during 1982–2020. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12111390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Remote sensing vegetation index data contain important information about the effects of ozone pollution, climate change and other factors on vegetation growth. However, the absence of long-term observational data on surface ozone pollution and neglected air pollution-induced effects on vegetation growth have made it difficult to conduct in-depth studies on the long-term, large-scale ozone pollution effects on vegetation health. In this study, a multiple linear regression model was developed, based on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, ozone mass mixing ratio (OMR) data at 1000 hPa, and temperature (T), precipitation (P) and surface net radiation (SSR) data during 1982–2020 to quantitatively assess the impact of ozone pollution and climate change on vegetation growth in China on growing season. The OMR data showed an increasing trend in 99.9% of regions in China over the last 39 years, and both NDVI values showed increasing trends on a spatial basis with different ozone pollution levels. Additionally, the significant correlations between NDVI and OMR, temperature and SSR indicate that vegetation activity is closely related to ozone pollution and climate change. Ozone pollution affected 12.5% of NDVI, and climate change affected 26.7% of NDVI. Furthermore, the effects from ozone pollution and climate change on forest, shrub, grass and crop vegetation were evaluated. Notably, the impact of ozone pollution on vegetation growth was 0.47 times that of climate change, indicating that the impact of ozone pollution on vegetation growth cannot be ignored. This study not only deepens the understanding of the effects of ozone pollution and climate change on vegetation growth but also provides a research framework for the large-scale monitoring of air pollution on vegetation health using remote sensing vegetation data.
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Conte A, Otu-Larbi F, Alivernini A, Hoshika Y, Paoletti E, Ashworth K, Fares S. Exploring new strategies for ozone-risk assessment: A dynamic-threshold case study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117620. [PMID: 34171723 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone is a dangerous atmospheric pollutant for forest ecosystems when it penetrates stomata. Thresholds for ozone-risk assessment are based on accumulated stomatal ozone fluxes such as the Phytotoxic Ozone Dose (POD). In order to identify the effect of ozone on a Holm oak forest in central Italy, four flux-based ozone impact response functions were implemented and tested in a multi-layer canopy model AIRTREE and evaluated against Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) obtained from observations of Eddy Covariance fluxes of CO2. To evaluate if a clear phytotoxic threshold exists and if it changes during the year, six different detoxifying thresholds ranging between 0 and 5 nmol O3 m-2 s-1 were tested. The use of species-specific rather than more general response functions based on plant functional types (PFT) increased model accuracy (RMSE reduced by up to 8.5%). In the case of linear response functions, a threshold of 1 nmol m-2 s-2 produced the best results for simulations of the whole year, although the tolerance to ozone changed seasonally, with higher tolerance (5 nmol m-2 s-1 or no ozone impact) for Winter and Spring and lower thresholds in Summer and Fall (0-1 nmol m-2 s-1). A "dynamic threshold" obtained by extracting the best daily threshold values from a range of different simulations helped reduce model overestimation of GPP by 213 g C m-2 y-1 and reduce RMSE up to 7.7%. Finally, a nonlinear ozone correction based on manipulative experiments produced the best results when no detoxifying threshold was applied (0 nmol O3 m-2 s-1), suggesting that nonlinear functions fully account for ozone detoxification. The evidence of seasonal changes in ozone tolerance points to the need for seasonal thresholds to predict ozone damage and highlights the importance of performing more species-specific manipulative experiments to derive response functions for a broad range of plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Conte
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Forestry and Wood (FL), Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - F Otu-Larbi
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - A Alivernini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Forestry and Wood (FL), Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Y Hoshika
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - E Paoletti
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - K Ashworth
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - S Fares
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Forestry and Wood (FL), Rome, 00166, Italy; National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), Rome, 00185, Italy.
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Moura BB, Brunetti C, Engela MRGDS, Hoshika Y, Paoletti E, Ferrini F. Experimental assessment of ozone risk on ecotypes of the tropical tree Moringa oleifera. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111475. [PMID: 34166663 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is an oxidative air pollutant that affects plant growth. Moringa oleifera is a tree species distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions. This species presents high morphological plasticity, which increases its ability to tolerate stressful conditions, but with no O3 risk assessment calculated so far. The present study assessed the O3 risk to different M. oleifera ecotypes using exposure-based index (AOT40) or flux-based index (PODy - where y is a threshold of O3 uptake). PODy considers the O3 uptake through the stomata and the consequence of environmental climate conditions on stomatal conductance (gsto); thus, it is efficient in assessing O3 risk. Five M. oleifera ecotypes were subjected to ambient (Amb.); middle (Mid. X1.5), and High (x2.0) O3 concentrations for 77 days in a free-air controlled exposure facility (FACE). Leaf biomass (LB) was evaluated, and the biomass loss was projected assuming a clean atmosphere (10 ppb as 24 h O3 average). The gsto parameterization was calculated using the Jarvis-type multiplicative algorithm considering several climate factors, i.e., light intensity, air temperature, air vapor pressure deficit, and AOT40. Ozone exposure harmed the LB of all ecotypes. The high gsto (~559 mmol H2O m-2 s-1) can be considered the reason for the species' O3 sensitivity. M. oleifera is adapted to hot climate conditions, and gsto was restricted with air temperature (Tmin) below ~ 9 °C. As expected, the PODy index performed better than the AOT40 for estimating the O3 effect on biomass losses. We recommend a y threshold of 4 nmol m-2 s-1 to incorporate O3 effects on M. oleifera LB. To not exceed a 4% reduction of LB for any M. oleifera genotype, we recommend the critical levels of 1.1 mmol m-2 POD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Baêsso Moura
- Department of Agriculture, Environment, Food, and Forestry, University of Florence, Viale Delle Idee, 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Department of Agriculture, Environment, Food, and Forestry, University of Florence, Viale Delle Idee, 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Agriculture, Environment, Food, and Forestry, University of Florence, Viale Delle Idee, 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Arshad A. A growth and biochemistry of ten high yielding genotypes of Pakistani rice (Oryza sativa L.) at maturity under elevated tropospheric ozone. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08198. [PMID: 34729434 PMCID: PMC8545687 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies were conducted to estimate the possible damage caused to ten rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes of Pakistan by tropospheric ozone. The experimental site is located at 31.4504° N and 73.1350° E, at an altitude of 184 m.a.s level with an average annual rainfall of 784 mm. A suitable and agile method was adopted to assess tolerance and susceptibility in rice genotypes at an early growth stage. Genotype Injury response, growth and biochemical parameters were measured to estimate possible effects of ozone, which was subsequently proclaimed as a criterion for ozone tolerance. Rice genotypes were subjected to ozone concentrations of 70 pbb (Current ambient) and 120 pbb (expected in near future) under a polytunnel. The findings indicated that ozone, an atmospheric pollutant, substantially harmed crop growth and metabolism, as well as inflicted a specific type of foliar injury that caused early leaf senescence. Rice genotype IR-9 followed by Punjab-Basmati and Ksk-434 appeared to be the most susceptible, whereas Basmati-515 followed by Basmati 2000 and super-Basmati were found to be Ozone-tolerant. Plant genotypes grown under elevated ozone showed 13.45% and 11.35% reduction in total root and shoot dry weight, and 25.54% and 6.6% decrease in plant leaf area and plant total length respectively compared to the control group. A significant interaction between treatment × chemical components and growth parameters was also found. The Present study confirms a direct relationship between visual response and growth as well as biochemical parameters. Declared results were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance at confidence level of p < 0.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Arshad
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 3800, Pakistan
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Ji J, Yu Y, Cao S, Huang H. Enhanced activity and water tolerance promoted by Ce on MnO/ZSM-5 for ozone decomposition. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130664. [PMID: 34162073 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic decomposition is a promising way to eliminate ozone using manganese oxides. However, water-induced deactivation of the catalysts remains a challenge for further application. In this work, a series of Ce-promoted MnO supported on ZSM-5 (Mn-xCe/ZSM-5) were developed for ozone decomposition, which exhibited superior catalytic performance. The catalysts were characterized by multiple techniques. It is indicated that MnO was highly dispersed on ZSM-5 (Mn/ZSM-5), accounting for the high performance of ozone decomposition. Addition of Ce in Mn/ZSM-5 formed abundant redox pairs that promoted electron transfer, and thus exhibited superior ozone decomposition activity. Mn-3Ce/ZSM-5 with medium Ce loading showed the maximum activity by exposing the most active sites. Furthermore, Mn-3Ce/ZSM-5 was highly water-resistant in comparison with Mn/ZSM-5 by modulating the surface acidic property to be beneficial for the water desorption. This work provides an efficient and facile way to fabricate Ce-promoted Mn with low valence for effective and stable decomposition of ozone at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China.
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China
| | - Shuo Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China
| | - Haibao Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China; Guangdong Indoor Air Pollution Control Engineering Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Singh P, Kannaujia R, Narayan S, Tewari A, Shirke PA, Pandey V. Impact of chronic elevated ozone exposure on photosynthetic traits and anti-oxidative defense responses of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit tree under field conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146907. [PMID: 33848871 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of long term exposure of elevated ozone (+20 ppb above ambient) on photosynthetic traits and anti-oxidative defense system of Leucaena leucocephala, a tree of great economic importance, was studied in a Free Air Ozone Concentration Enrichment (O3-FACE) facility at different time intervals (6, 12, 18, and 24 months). Results showed that net photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments and lipid peroxidation were significantly reduced after 6, 12 and 24 months of exposure to elevated ozone (eO3) whereas stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were significantly decreased after 12 months of exposure to eO3. Antioxidant enzymatic activities (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) were significantly increased after 12 months of exposure to eO3. Ascorbate was increased significantly after 6 and 12 months of exposure to eO3 while reduced glutathione content declined significantly after 6 and 24 months of exposure to eO3. The study showed that there were several negative long lasting physiological and biochemical responses in Leucaena. The results provide evidence that Leucaena exhibited greater sensitivity to O3 during initial exposure (up to 12 months) but showed moderate tolerance by the end of the 2nd year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Singh
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India; Department of Forestry & Environmental Science, D.S.B. campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263001, India
| | - Rekha Kannaujia
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
| | - Shiv Narayan
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashish Tewari
- Department of Forestry & Environmental Science, D.S.B. campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263001, India
| | - Pramod A Shirke
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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37
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Leaf Thermal and Chemical Properties as Natural Drivers of Plant Flammability of Native and Exotic Tree Species of the Valparaíso Region, Chile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137191. [PMID: 34281128 PMCID: PMC8297029 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Forest fires are one of the main environmental threats in Chile. Fires in this Mediterranean climate region frequently affect native forests and exotic plantations, including in several cases urban and rural settlements. Considering the scarcity of information regarding the fire response dynamics of tree species that are frequently affected by fires, this study aims to establish a flammability classification according to the evolution of the fire initiation risk presented by the most affected forest species in the Valparaíso region. Three exotic species, Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus radiata, and Acacia dealbata, and two native species, Cryptocarya alba and Quillaja saponaria, were studied. Flammability assays indicate that E. globulus, A. dealbata, and C. alba are extremely flammable, whereas P. radiata and Q. saponaria are flammable. Furthermore, E. globulus and A. dealbata have the highest heating values while Q. saponaria has the lowest values. The extreme flammability of E. globulus, A. dealbata, and C. alba indicates a high susceptibility to ignite. Furthermore, the high heat of combustion of E. globulus and A. dealbata can be associated with a high energy release, increasing the risk of fires spreading. In contrast, Q. saponaria has the lowest predisposition to ignite and capacity to release heat. Accordingly, this work shows that all studied tree species contain organic metabolites that are potentially flammable (sesquiterpenes, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohol esters, ketones, diterpenes, and triterpenes) and can be considered as drivers of flammability in vegetation. Finally, these preliminary results will aid in the construction of more resilient landscapes in the near future.
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Qiu Y, Guo L, Xu X, Zhang L, Zhang K, Chen M, Zhao Y, Burkey KO, Shew HD, Zobel RW, Zhang Y, Hu S. Warming and elevated ozone induce tradeoffs between fine roots and mycorrhizal fungi and stimulate organic carbon decomposition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/28/eabe9256. [PMID: 34244138 PMCID: PMC8270489 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe9256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming and elevated ozone (eO3) are important climate change components that can affect plant growth and plant-microbe interactions. However, the resulting impact on soil carbon (C) dynamics, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remains unclear. Here, we show that warming, eO3, and their combination induce tradeoffs between roots and their symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and stimulate organic C decomposition in a nontilled soybean agroecosystem. While warming and eO3 reduced root biomass, tissue density, and AMF colonization, they increased specific root length and promoted decomposition of both native and newly added organic C. Also, they shifted AMF community composition in favor of the genus Paraglomus with high nutrient-absorbing hyphal surface over the genus Glomus prone to protection of soil organic C. Our findings provide deep insights into plant-microbial interactive responses to warming and eO3 and how these responses may modulate soil organic C dynamics under future climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Qiu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lijin Guo
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kangcheng Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengfei Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yexin Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kent O Burkey
- Plant Sciences Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - H David Shew
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Richard W Zobel
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Wang Y, Xu S, Zhang W, Li Y, Wang N, He X, Chen W. Responses of growth, photosynthesis and related physiological characteristics in leaves of Acer ginnala Maxim. to increasing air temperature and/or elevated O 3. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:221-231. [PMID: 33527649 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Regional warming and atmospheric ozone (O3 ) pollution are two of the most important environmental issues, and commonly coexist in many areas. Both factors have an intense impact on plants. However, little information is available on the combined and interactive effects of air warming and elevated O3 concentrations on physiological characteristics of plants. To explore this issue, we studied variations in growth, photosynthesis and physiological characteristics of leaves of Acer ginnala seedlings exposed to control (ambient temperature and O3 ), increasing air temperature (ambient temperature + 2 °C), elevated O3 (ambient O3 concentration + 40 ppb) and a combination of the two abiotic factors at different phenological stages by using open-top chambers. The results showed that increasing air temperature had no significant effect on growth, but increased photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity at the leaf unfolding and defoliation stages. In contrast, elevated O3 decreased growth and photosynthesis and caused oxidative stress injury in A. ginnala leaves at each phenological stage. The combination of increasing air temperature and elevated O3 improved growth and net photosynthetic rates of tested plants and alleviated the oxidative stress compared to O3 alone. Our findings demonstrated that moderate warming was beneficial to A. ginnala at leaf unfolding and defoliation stages, and alleviated the adverse effects of O3 stress on growth, photosynthesis and the antioxidant system. These results will provide a theoretical reference and scientific basis for the adaptation and response of A. ginnala under regional air warming and atmospheric O3 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - S Xu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - W Zhang
- College of Environment, Shenyang University, 110044, China
| | - Y Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - N Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - X He
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - W Chen
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
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Tisdale RH, Zentella R, Burkey KO. Impact of elevated ozone on yield and carbon-nitrogen content in soybean cultivar 'Jake'. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 306:110855. [PMID: 33775362 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a pollutant that leads to significant global yield loss in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. To ensure soybean productivity in areas of rising O3, it is important to identify tolerant genotypes. This work describes the response of the high-yielding soybean cultivar 'Jake' to elevated O3 concentrations. 'Jake' was treated with either low O3 [charcoal-filtered (CF) air, 12 h mean: 20 ppb] or with O3-enriched air (12 h mean: 87 ppb) over the course of the entire growing season. In contrast to the absence of O3-induced leaf injury under low O3, elevated O3 caused severe leaf injury and decreased stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. Although elevated O3 reduced total leaf area, leaf number, and plant height at different developmental stages, above-ground and root biomass remained unchanged. Analyzing carbon and nitrogen content, we found that elevated O3 altered allocation of both elements, which ultimately led to a 15 % yield loss by decreasing seed size but not seed number. We concluded that cultivar 'Jake' possesses developmental strength to tolerate chronic O3 conditions, attributes that make it suitable breeding material for the generation of new O3 tolerant lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ripley H Tisdale
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, 27607 NC, USA; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695 NC, USA.
| | - Rodolfo Zentella
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, 27607 NC, USA; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695 NC, USA
| | - Kent O Burkey
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, 27607 NC, USA; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695 NC, USA
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Peng J, Xu Y, Shang B, Agathokleous E, Feng Z. Effects of elevated ozone on maize under varying soil nitrogen levels: Biomass, nitrogen and carbon, and their allocation to kernel. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:144332. [PMID: 33385814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Effects of ozone (O3) on maize have been increasingly studied, but only few studies have focused on the combined impacts of O3 and nitrogen (N) on this important crop with C4 carbon (C) fixation. In this study, a maize cultivar with the largest acreage in China was exposed to two O3 treatments (NF: ambient air O3 concentration; NF60: NF plus 60 ppb O3) and four N levels (farmers' N practice: 240 kg N ha-1 yr-1; 150%, 50% and 25% of farmers' N practice). Generally, O3 and N significantly influenced biomass, N and C, but did not change their allocation to kernel. There were significant interactions between O3 and N in stem biomass, C concentration and uptake, and leaf biomass and C uptake, with significant O3 effects mainly occurring at N120 and N240. Based on the coefficient of determination (R2), root C:N ratio rather than the most commonly used leaf C:N ratio was the best trait to indicate maize productivity. Furthermore, O3 significantly increased the regression slopes between root C:N ratio and kernel N uptake, kernel C uptake and plant N uptake, strengthened the correlation of C:N ratio and kernel C uptake, and weakened the correlation of C:N ratio and hundred-kernels weight. These suggest that O3 pollution can change the relationship of C:N ratio and productivity in maize. The weak correlation between kernel harvest index (HI) and N harvest index (NHI) indicated that future breeding researches should consider how to improve the coupling between biomass and N-related nutrition allocations in crop edible parts. Our results not only are helpful to accurately estimate O3 impacts on maize with consideration of N but also provide a new insight into the relationship between plant traits and its productivity under O3 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Shang
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Tai APK, Sadiq M, Pang JYS, Yung DHY, Feng Z. Impacts of Surface Ozone Pollution on Global Crop Yields: Comparing Different Ozone Exposure Metrics and Incorporating Co-effects of CO2. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.534616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface ozone (O3) pollution poses significant threats to crop production and food security worldwide, but an assessment of present-day and future crop yield losses due to exposure to O3 still abides with great uncertainties, mostly due: (1) to the large spatiotemporal variability and uncertain future projections of O3 concentration itself; (2) different methodological approaches to quantify O3 exposure and impacts; (3) difficulty in accounting for co-varying factors such as CO2 concentration and climatic conditions. In this paper, we explore these issues using a common framework: a consistent set of simulated present-day O3 fields from one chemical transport model, coupled with a terrestrial ecosystem-crop model to derive various O3 exposure metrics and impacts on relative crop yields worldwide, and examine the potential effects of elevated CO2 on O3-induced crop yield losses. Throughout, we review and explain the differences in formulation and parameterization in the various approaches, including the concentration-based metrics, flux-based metrics, and mechanistic biophysical crop modeling. We find that while the spatial pattern of yield losses for a given crop is generally consistent across metrics, the magnitudes can differ substantially. Pooling the concentration-based and flux-based metrics together, we estimate the present-day globally aggregated yield losses to be: 3.6 ± 1.1% for maize, 2.6 ± 0.8% for rice, 6.7 ± 4.1% for soybean, and 7.2 ± 7.3% for wheat; these estimates are generally consistent with previous studies but on the lower end of the uncertainty range covered. We attribute the large combined uncertainty mostly to the differences among methodological approaches, and secondarily to differences in O3 and meteorological inputs. Based on a biophysical crop model that mechanistically simulates photosynthetic and yield responses of crops to stomatal O3 uptake, we further estimate that increasing CO2 concentration from 390 to 600 ppm reduces the globally aggregated O3-induced yield loss by 21–52% for maize and by 27–38% for soybean, reflecting a CO2-induced reduction in stomatal conductance that in turn alleviates stomatal O3 uptake and thus crop damage. Rising CO2 may therefore render the currently used exposure-yield relationships less applicable in a future atmosphere, and we suggest approaches to address such issues.
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Shang B, Xu Y, Peng J, Agathokleous E, Feng Z. High nitrogen addition decreases the ozone flux by reducing the maximum stomatal conductance in poplar saplings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:115979. [PMID: 33168377 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) and nitrogen (N) deposition are major environmental pollutants, often occurring concurrently. Ozone exposure- and flux-response relationships for tree biomass are used for regional O3 risk assessment. In order to investigate whether soil N addition affects stomatal O3 uptake of poplar, poplar saplings were exposed to treatment combinations of five O3 levels and four N addition levels. High N addition treatment reduced the accumulated stomatal O3 uptake in the leaf due to reduced maximum stomatal conductance (gs). Nitrogen addition also significantly reduced the steady-state light-saturated gs in August and September. Elevated O3 significantly reduced and N addition increased total plant biomass; however, there were no significant O3 × N interactions. The slopes of biomass-based O3 exposure- and flux-response relationships did not differ significantly among N treatments. The critical levels for a 5% biomass reduction were estimated at 15.4 ppm h and 17.1 mmol O3 m-2 projected leaf area (PLA) for Accumulated O3 exposure Over an hourly Threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40) and Phytotoxic Ozone Dose above a threshold 1 nmol O3 m-2 PLA s-1 (POD1). These results can facilitate the evaluations of O3 effect on the carbon-sink capacity and productivity of forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shang
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jinlong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
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Duan Z, Yang Y, Wang L, Liu C, Fan S, Chen C, Tong Y, Lin X, Gao Z. Temporal characteristics of carbon dioxide and ozone over a rural-cropland area in the Yangtze River Delta of eastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143750. [PMID: 33248785 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, rural atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) were measured from January 2015 to December 2018 to investigate characteristics of greenhouse gases in eastern China. Results showed that the annual average CO2 (O3) concentration in 2018 decreased by 2% (increased by 19%) when compared with that in 2015. CO2 concentrations exhibited monthly variability, peaking in February (443.7 ppm) and reaching their lowest levels in July (363.0 ppm); whereas, monthly O3 showed a bimodal pattern with peaks in June (51.3 ppb) and September (34.5 ppb). Regarding the diurnal variation, the maximum CO2 (O3) concentration occurred at nighttime (in the daytime) and a minimum CO2 (O3) in the daytime (at nighttime). As demonstrated by correlation analysis, CO2 and O3 variations were partly modulated by NOx and PM2.5. Furthermore, CO2 showed significant positive correlations with relative humidity in winter, while O3 showed strong positive correlations with temperature in spring. CO2 was accumulated from local sources under calm conditions (< 2 m s-1) and derived from remote sources at high wind speeds (> 4 m s-1), while O3 concentrations were peaking at medium wind speeds of 2-4 m s-1. CO2 was found to derive from long-distance (short-distance transport) transport in spring (the other three seasons), whereas O3 is mainly from long-distance (short-distance) transport in winter (the other three seasons). This work sheds light on the temporal characteristics of CO2 and O3, which has important implications for implementing practices to mitigate source emissions over cropland areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexia Duan
- Climate and Weather Disasters Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Atmospheric Physics, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yuanjian Yang
- Climate and Weather Disasters Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Atmospheric Physics, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Changwei Liu
- School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Sihui Fan
- Climate and Weather Disasters Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Atmospheric Physics, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yingxiang Tong
- Shouxian Meteorological Bureau of Anhui Province, Shouxian 23220, China
| | - Xinfeng Lin
- Shouxian Meteorological Bureau of Anhui Province, Shouxian 23220, China
| | - Zhiqiu Gao
- Climate and Weather Disasters Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Atmospheric Physics, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
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Xu Y, Shang B, Peng J, Feng Z, Tarvainen L. Stomatal response drives between-species difference in predicted leaf water-use efficiency under elevated ozone. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116137. [PMID: 33272800 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ozone-induced changes in the relationship between photosynthesis (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) vary among species, leading to inconsistent water use efficiency (WUE) responses to elevated ozone (O3). Thus, few vegetation models can accurately simulate the effects of O3 on WUE. Here, we conducted an experiment exposing two differently O3-sensitive species (Cotinus coggygria and Magnolia denudata) to five O3 concentrations and investigated the impact of O3 exposure on predicted WUE using a coupled An-gs model. We found that increases in stomatal O3 uptake caused linear reductions in the maximum rates of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and electron transport (Jmax) in both species. In addition, a negative linear correlation between O3-induced changes in the minimal gs of the stomatal model (g0) derived from the theory of optimal stomatal behavior and light-saturated photosynthesis was found in the O3-sensitive M. denudata. When the O3 dose-based responses of Vcmax and Jmax were included in a coupled An-gs model, simulated An under elevated O3 were in good agreement with observations in both species. For M. denudata, incorporating the O3 response of g0 into the coupled model further improved the accuracy of the simulated gs and WUE. In conclusion, the modified Vcmax, Jmax and g0 method presented here provides a foundation for improving the prediction for O3-induced changes in An, gs and WUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Shang
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Jinlong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abstract
Tropospheric concentrations of phytotoxic ozone (O3) have undergone a great increase from preindustrial 10–15 ppbv to a present-day concentration of 35–40 ppbv in large parts of the industrialised world due to increased emissions of O3 precursors including NOx, CO, CH4 and volatile organic compounds. The rate of increase in O3 concentration ranges between 1 ppbv per decade in remote locations of the Southern hemisphere and 5 ppbv per decade in the Northern hemisphere, where largest sources of O3 precursors are located. Molecules of O3 penetrating into the leaves through the stomatal apertures trigger the formation of reactive oxygen species, leading thus to the damage of the photosynthetic apparatus. Accordingly, it is assumed, that O3 increase reduces the terrestrial carbon uptake relative to the preindustrial era. Here we summarise the results of previous manipulative experiments in laboratory growth cabinets, field open-top chambers and free-air systems together with O3 flux measurements under natural growth conditions. In particular, we focus on leaf-level physiological responses in trees, variability in stomatal O3 flux and changes in carbon fluxes and biomass production in forest stands. As the results reported in the literature are highly variable, ranging from negligible to severe declines in photosynthetic carbon uptake, we also discuss the possible interactions of O3 with other environmental factors including solar radiation, drought, temperature and nitrogen deposition. Those factors were found to have great potential to modulate stomata openness and O3 fluxes.
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Nabavi SO, Nölscher AC, Samimi C, Thomas C, Haimberger L, Lüers J, Held A. Site-scale modeling of surface ozone in Northern Bavaria using machine learning algorithms, regional dynamic models, and a hybrid model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115736. [PMID: 33120341 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a harmful pollutant when present in the lowermost layer of the atmosphere. Therefore, the European Commission formulated directives to regulate O3 concentrations in near-surface air. However, almost 50% of the 5068 air quality stations in Europe do not monitor O3 concentrations. This study aims to provide a hybrid modeling system that fills these gaps in the hourly surface O3 observations on a site scale with much higher accuracy than existing O3 models. This hybrid model was developed using estimations from multiple linear regression-based eXtreme Gradient Boosting Machines (MLR-XGBM) and O3 reanalysis from European regional air quality models (CAMS-EU). The binary classification of extremely high O3 events and the 1- and 24-h forecasts of hourly O3 were investigated as secondary aims. In this study thirteen stations in Northern Bavaria, out of which six do not monitor O3, were chosen as test sites. Considering the computational complexity of machine learning algorithms (MLAs), we also applied two recent MLA interpretation methods, namely SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and Local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME). With SHAP, we showed an increasing effect of temperature on O3 concentrations which intensifies for temperatures exceeding 17 °C. According to LIME, O3 concentration peaks are mainly governed by meteorological factors under dry and warm conditions on a regional scale, whereas local nitrogen oxide concentrations control base O3 concentrations during cold and wet periods. While recently developed MLAs for the spatial estimation of hourly O3 concentrations had a station-based root-mean-square error (RMSE) above 27 μg/m3, our proposed model significantly reduced the estimation errors by about 66% with an RMSE of 9.49 μg/m3. We also found that logistic regression (LR) and MLR-XGBM performed best in the site-scale classification and 24-h forecast of O3 concentrations (with a station-averaged accuracy and RMSE of 0.95 and 19.34 μg/m3, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Omid Nabavi
- Climatology Group, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Anke C Nölscher
- BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; Atmospheric Chemistry Group, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Cyrus Samimi
- Climatology Group, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christoph Thomas
- BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; Micrometeorology Group, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leopold Haimberger
- Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Lüers
- BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; Micrometeorology Group, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Held
- BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Air Quality, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, TU Berlin, Germany
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Masui N, Agathokleous E, Mochizuki T, Tani A, Matsuura H, Koike T. Ozone disrupts the communication between plants and insects in urban and suburban areas: an updated insight on plant volatiles. JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH 2021; 32:1337-1349. [PMID: 33456272 PMCID: PMC7797194 DOI: 10.1007/s11676-020-01287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Plant-insect interactions are basic components of biodiversity conservation. To attain the international Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the interactions in urban and in suburban systems should be better understood to maintain the health of green infrastructure. The role of ground-level ozone (O3) as an environmental stress disrupting interaction webs is presented. Ozone mixing ratios in suburbs are usually higher than in the center of cities and may reduce photosynthetic productivity at a relatively higher degree. Consequently, carbon-based defense capacities of plants may be suppressed by elevated O3 more in the suburbs. However, contrary to this expectation, grazing damages by leaf beetles have been severe in some urban centers in comparison with the suburbs. To explain differences in grazing damages between urban areas and suburbs, the disruption of atmospheric communication signals by elevated O3 via changes in plant-regulated biogenic volatile organic compounds and long-chain fatty acids are considered. The ecological roles of plant volatiles and the effects of O3 from both a chemical and a biological perspective are presented. Ozone-disrupted plant volatiles should be considered to explain herbivory phenomena in urban and suburban systems. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version of this article contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s11676-020-01287-4) to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Masui
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tomoki Mochizuki
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Tani
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, CAS, Beijing, 100085 People’s Republic of China
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Hoshika Y, Brilli F, Baraldi R, Fares S, Carrari E, Zhang L, Badea O, Paoletti E. Ozone impairs the response of isoprene emission to foliar nitrogen and phosphorus in poplar. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115679. [PMID: 33254661 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) impairs physiological processes of plants while nitrogen (N) deposition may cause imbalances in soil N and other nutrients such as phosphorus (P) suggesting an increase of P demand for plants. However, the combined effect of O3, soil N and P on isoprene emission from leaves has never been tested. We therefore examined isoprene emission in leaves of Oxford poplar clone exposed to O3 (ambient, AA [35.0 nmol mol-1 as daily mean]; 1.5 × AA; 2.0 × AA), soil N (0 and 80 kg N ha-1) and soil P (0, 40 and 80 kg P ha-1) in July and September in a Free-Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) facility. We also investigated the response of isoprene emission to foliar N, P and abscisic acid (ABA) contents in September because the 2-C-methylerythritol-5-phosphate (MEP) pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis produces ABA. We found that O3 increased isoprene emission in July, which was associated to increased dark respiration, suggesting an activation of metabolism against O3 stress as an initial response. However, O3 decreased isoprene emission in September which was associated to reduced net photosynthesis. In September, isoprene emission was positively correlated with leaf N content and negatively correlated with leaf P content in AA. However, no response of isoprene emission to foliar N and P was found in elevated O3, suggesting that the isoprene responses to foliar N and P depended on the O3 exposure levels. Isoprene emission rate in 1.5 × AA and 2.0 × AA increased with increasing leaf ABA content, indicating accelerated senescence of injured leaves to favor new leaf growth when high O3 and nutritional availability in the soil were combined. Even though foliar N and P usually act as a proxy for isoprene emission rate, the impact of recent abiotic factors such as O3 should be always considered for modeling isoprene emission under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Federico Brilli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvano Fares
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via dei Taurini 19, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Carrari
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, 150030, Harbin, China
| | - Ovidiu Badea
- INCDS, 13 Septembrie, Sector 5, 050711, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Spatio-Temporal Variation of Ozone Concentrations and Ozone Uptake Conditions in Forests in Western Germany. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11111261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The study analyzes the long-term trends (1998–2019) of concentrations of the air pollutants ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) as well as meteorological conditions at forest sites in German midrange mountains to evaluate changes in O3 uptake conditions for trees over time at a plot scale. O3 concentrations did not show significant trends over the course of 22 years, unlike NO2 and NO, whose concentrations decreased significantly since the end of the 1990s. Temporal analyses of meteorological parameters found increasing global radiation at all sites and decreasing precipitation, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and wind speed at most sites (temperature did not show any trend). A principal component analysis revealed strong correlations between O3 concentrations and global radiation, VPD, and temperature. Examination of the atmospheric water balance, a key parameter for O3 uptake, identified some unusually hot and dry years (2003, 2011, 2018, and 2019). With the help of a soil water model, periods of plant water stress were detected. These periods were often in synchrony with periods of elevated daytime O3 concentrations and usually occurred in mid and late summer, but occasionally also in spring and early summer. This suggests that drought protects forests against O3 uptake and that, in humid years with moderate O3 concentrations, the O3 flux was higher than in dry years with higher O3 concentrations.
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