1
|
Lou J, Deng Q, Zhang X, Bell CC, Das AB, Bediaga NG, Zlatic CO, Johanson TM, Allan RS, Griffin MDW, Paradkar P, Harvey KF, Dawson MA, Hinde E. Heterochromatin protein 1 alpha (HP1α) undergoes a monomer to dimer transition that opens and compacts live cell genome architecture. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:10918-10933. [PMID: 39193905 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of heterochromatin nanostructure and its capacity to mediate gene silencing in a living cell has been prevented by the diffraction limit of optical microscopy. Thus, here to overcome this technical hurdle, and directly measure the nucleosome arrangement that underpins this dense chromatin state, we coupled fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between histones core to the nucleosome, with molecular editing of heterochromatin protein 1 alpha (HP1α). Intriguingly, this super-resolved readout of nanoscale chromatin structure, alongside fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (FFS) and FLIM-FRET analysis of HP1α protein-protein interaction, revealed nucleosome arrangement to be differentially regulated by HP1α oligomeric state. Specifically, we found HP1α monomers to impart a previously undescribed global nucleosome spacing throughout genome architecture that is mediated by trimethylation on lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9me3) and locally reduced upon HP1α dimerisation. Collectively, these results demonstrate HP1α to impart a dual action on chromatin that increases the dynamic range of nucleosome proximity. We anticipate that this finding will have important implications for our understanding of how live cell heterochromatin structure regulates genome function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Lou
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Qiji Deng
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Charles C Bell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew B Das
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Naiara G Bediaga
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Courtney O Zlatic
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Timothy M Johanson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Rhys S Allan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael D W Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - PrasadN Paradkar
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong3220, Australia
| | - Kieran F Harvey
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Mark A Dawson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Hinde
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Zhang M, Zhang J. New advances in the role of JAK2 V617F mutation in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Cancer 2024. [PMID: 39277798 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
The JAK2 V617F mutation is the most common driver gene in myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), which means that the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is persistently activated independent of cytokines, and plays an important part in the onset and development of MPN. The JAK inhibitors, although widely used in the clinical practice, are unable to eradicate MPN. Therefore, the unavoidable long-term treatment poses a serious burden for patients with MPN. It is established that the JAK2 V617F mutation, in addition its role in the JAK/STAT pathway, can promote cell proliferation, differentiation, anti-apoptosis, DNA damage accumulation, and other key biologic processes through multiple pathways. Other than that, the JAK2 V617F mutation affects the cardiovascular system through multiple mechanisms. Although JAK inhibitors cannot eradicate MPN cells, the combined use of JAK inhibitors and other drugs may have surprising effects. This requires an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of action of the JAK2 V617F mutation. In this review, the authors explored the role of the JAK2 V617F mutation in MPN from multiple aspects, including the mechanisms of non-JAK/STAT pathways, the regulation of cellular methylation, the induction of cellular DNA damage accumulation, and effects on the cardiovascular system, with the objective of providing valuable insights into multidrug combination therapy for MPN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Zhang
- Department of Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yusi Liu
- Department of Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Minyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Department of Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Coltoff A, Kuykendall A. Emerging drug profile: JAK inhibitors. Leuk Lymphoma 2024; 65:1258-1269. [PMID: 38739701 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2024.2353434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulated JAK/STAT hyperactivity is essential to the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis, and JAK inhibitors are the first-line treatment option for many patients. There are four FDA-approved JAK inhibitors for patients with myelofibrosis. Single-agent JAK inhibition can improve splenomegaly, symptom burden, cytopenias, and possibly survival in patients with myelofibrosis. Despite their efficacy, JAK inhibitors produce variable or short-lived responses, in part due to the large network of cooperating signaling pathways and downstream targets of JAK/STAT, which mediates upfront or acquired resistance to JAK inhibitors. Synergistic inhibition of JAK/STAT accessory pathways can increase the rates and duration of response for patients with myelofibrosis. Two recently reported, placebo-controlled phase III trials of novel agents added to JAK inhibition met their primary endpoint, and additional late-stage studies are ongoing. This paper will review role of dysregulated JAK/STAT signaling, biological plausible additional therapeutic targets and the recent advancements in combination strategies with JAK inhibitors for myelofibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Coltoff
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Andrew Kuykendall
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vestuto V, Ciaglia T, Musella S, Di Sarno V, Smaldone G, Di Matteo F, Scala MC, Napolitano V, Miranda MR, Amodio G, Novi S, Pepe G, Basilicata MG, Gazzillo E, Pace S, Gomez-Monterrey IM, Sala M, Bifulco G, Tecce MF, Campiglia P, Ostacolo C, Lauro G, Manfra M, Bertamino A. A Comprehensive In Vitro Characterization of a New Class of Indole-Based Compounds Developed as Selective Haspin Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:12711-12734. [PMID: 39038808 PMCID: PMC11320660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Haspin is an emerging, but rather unexplored, divergent kinase involved in tumor growth by regulating the mitotic phase. In this paper, the in-silico design, synthesis, and biological characterization of a new series of substituted indoles acting as potent Haspin inhibitors are reported. The synthesized derivatives have been evaluated by FRET analysis, showing very potent Haspin inhibition. Then, a comprehensive in-cell investigation highlighted compounds 47 and 60 as the most promising inhibitors. These compounds were challenged for their synergic activity with paclitaxel in 2D and 3D cellular models, demonstrating a twofold improvement of the paclitaxel antitumor activity. Compound 60 also showed remarkable selectivity when tested in a panel of 70 diverse kinases. Finally, in-silico studies provided new insight about the chemical requirements useful to develop new Haspin inhibitors. Biological results, together with the drug-likeness profile of 47 and 60, make these derivatives deserving further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Vestuto
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Tania Ciaglia
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Simona Musella
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Veronica Di Sarno
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Gerardina Smaldone
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Matteo
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Maria Carmina Scala
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Valeria Napolitano
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Miranda
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Amodio
- Department
of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana″, University of Salerno, Salerno , Baronissi 84034, Italy
| | - Sara Novi
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Manuela Giovanna Basilicata
- Department
of Advanced Medical and Surgical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, P.zza L. Miraglia 2, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Erica Gazzillo
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Simona Pace
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | | | - Marina Sala
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Mario Felice Tecce
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Lauro
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Michele Manfra
- Department
of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10 , Potenza 85100, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertamino
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chouhan S, Sridaran D, Weimholt C, Luo J, Li T, Hodgson MC, Santos LN, Le Sommer S, Fang B, Koomen JM, Seeliger M, Qu CK, Yart A, Kontaridis MI, Mahajan K, Mahajan NP. SHP2 as a primordial epigenetic enzyme expunges histone H3 pTyr-54 to amend androgen receptor homeostasis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5629. [PMID: 38965223 PMCID: PMC11224269 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations that decrease or increase the activity of the tyrosine phosphatase, SHP2 (encoded by PTPN11), promotes developmental disorders and several malignancies by varying phosphatase activity. We uncovered that SHP2 is a distinct class of an epigenetic enzyme; upon phosphorylation by the kinase ACK1/TNK2, pSHP2 was escorted by androgen receptor (AR) to chromatin, erasing hitherto unidentified pY54-H3 (phosphorylation of histones H3 at Tyr54) epigenetic marks to trigger a transcriptional program of AR. Noonan Syndrome with Multiple Lentigines (NSML) patients, SHP2 knock-in mice, and ACK1 knockout mice presented dramatic increase in pY54-H3, leading to loss of AR transcriptome. In contrast, prostate tumors with high pSHP2 and pACK1 activity exhibited progressive downregulation of pY54-H3 levels and higher AR expression that correlated with disease severity. Overall, pSHP2/pY54-H3 signaling acts as a sentinel of AR homeostasis, explaining not only growth retardation, genital abnormalities and infertility among NSML patients, but also significant AR upregulation in prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Chouhan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- 6601, Cancer Research Building, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dhivya Sridaran
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- 6601, Cancer Research Building, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Cody Weimholt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tiandao Li
- Bioinformatics Research Core, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Myles C Hodgson
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY, 13501, USA
| | - Luana N Santos
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY, 13501, USA
| | - Samantha Le Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY, 13501, USA
| | - Bin Fang
- Moffitt Cancer Center, SRB3, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - John M Koomen
- Moffitt Cancer Center, SRB3, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Markus Seeliger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University Medical School, BST 7-120, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8651, USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Armelle Yart
- UMR 1301-Inserm 5070-CNRS EFS Univ. P. Sabatier, 4bis Ave Hubert Curien, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Maria I Kontaridis
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY, 13501, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kiran Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- 6601, Cancer Research Building, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nupam P Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- 6601, Cancer Research Building, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Su X, Li Y, Ren Y, Cao M, Yang G, Luo J, Hu Z, Deng H, Deng M, Liu B, Yao Z. A new strategy for overcoming drug resistance in liver cancer: Epigenetic regulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116902. [PMID: 38870626 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma has posed significant obstacles to effective treatment. Recent evidence indicates that, in addition to traditional gene mutations, epigenetic recoding plays a crucial role in HCC drug resistance. Unlike irreversible gene mutations, epigenetic changes are reversible, offering a promising avenue for preventing and overcoming drug resistance in liver cancer. This review focuses on various epigenetic modifications relevant to drug resistance in HCC and their underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we introduce current clinical epigenetic drugs and clinical trials of these drugs as regulators of drug resistance in other solid tumors. Although there is no clinical study to prevent the occurrence of drug resistance in liver cancer, the development of liquid biopsy and other technologies has provided a bridge to achieve this goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic-Splenic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yupeng Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Mingbo Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Gaoyuan Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ziyi Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic-Splenic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Haixia Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Meihai Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic-Splenic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhicheng Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic-Splenic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li WX. Computational simulation of JAK/STAT signaling in somatic versus germline stem cells. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:648-658. [PMID: 38126664 PMCID: PMC11190031 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway regulates a variety of cellular processes. A major activation event in this pathway involves the phosphorylation of a tyrosine of STAT, converting unphosphorylated STAT (uSTAT) to phosphorylated STAT (pSTAT), an active transcription factor. In a noncanonical role, uSTAT contributes to the maintenance of heterochromatin stability. As such, an increase in pSTAT concurrently reduces uSTAT, resulting in heterochromatin loss, as observed in Drosophila somatic tissues. Paradoxically, an opposing phenomenon occurs in Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs), where the JAK/STAT pathway remains persistently active due to a continuous supply of ligands. Here, computational simulations were employed to dissect JAK/STAT pathway activation under different cellular contexts, mimicking somatic and germline cells. In these simulations, ordinary differential equations were leveraged to replicate the chemical reactions governing JAK/STAT signaling under different conditions. RESULTS The outcomes indicate that transient ligand stimulation, typical in somatic tissues, led to a momentary reduction in uSTAT levels. Conversely, sustained ligand stimulation, a characteristic feature of the GSC niche, resulted in elevated uSTAT levels at equilibrium. CONCLUSION The simulation suggests that the duration of ligand exposure could explain the observed opposite effects of JAK/STAT activation on heterochromatin in somatic versus GSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willis X Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Itonaga H, Mookhtiar AK, Greenblatt SM, Liu F, Martinez C, Bilbao D, Rains M, Hamard PJ, Sun J, Umeano AC, Duffort S, Chen C, Man N, Mas G, Tottone L, Totiger T, Bradley T, Taylor J, Schürer S, Nimer SD. Tyrosine phosphorylation of CARM1 promotes its enzymatic activity and alters its target specificity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3415. [PMID: 38649367 PMCID: PMC11035800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
An important epigenetic component of tyrosine kinase signaling is the phosphorylation of histones, and epigenetic readers, writers, and erasers. Phosphorylation of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), have been shown to enhance and impair their enzymatic activity. In this study, we show that the hyperactivation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) by the V617F mutation phosphorylates tyrosine residues (Y149 and Y334) in coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1), an important target in hematologic malignancies, increasing its methyltransferase activity and altering its target specificity. While non-phosphorylatable CARM1 methylates some established substrates (e.g. BAF155 and PABP1), only phospho-CARM1 methylates the RUNX1 transcription factor, on R223 and R319. Furthermore, cells expressing non-phosphorylatable CARM1 have impaired cell-cycle progression and increased apoptosis, compared to cells expressing phosphorylatable, wild-type CARM1, with reduced expression of genes associated with G2/M cell cycle progression and anti-apoptosis. The presence of the JAK2-V617F mutant kinase renders acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells less sensitive to CARM1 inhibition, and we show that the dual targeting of JAK2 and CARM1 is more effective than monotherapy in AML cells expressing phospho-CARM1. Thus, the phosphorylation of CARM1 by hyperactivated JAK2 regulates its methyltransferase activity, helps select its substrates, and is required for the maximal proliferation of malignant myeloid cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Itonaga
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Adnan K Mookhtiar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sarah M Greenblatt
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Fan Liu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Concepcion Martinez
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Daniel Bilbao
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Masai Rains
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Pierre-Jacques Hamard
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Center for Epigenetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Afoma C Umeano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephanie Duffort
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Chuan Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Na Man
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Gloria Mas
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Luca Tottone
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Tulasigeri Totiger
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Terrence Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Justin Taylor
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephan Schürer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephen D Nimer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Borkúti P, Kristó I, Szabó A, Kovács Z, Vilmos P. FERM domain-containing proteins are active components of the cell nucleus. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302489. [PMID: 38296350 PMCID: PMC10830384 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The FERM domain is a conserved and widespread protein module that appeared in the common ancestor of amoebae, fungi, and animals, and is therefore now found in a wide variety of species. The primary function of the FERM domain is localizing to the plasma membrane through binding lipids and proteins of the membrane; thus, for a long time, FERM domain-containing proteins (FDCPs) were considered exclusively cytoskeletal. Although their role in the cytoplasm has been extensively studied, the recent discovery of the presence and importance of cytoskeletal proteins in the nucleus suggests that FDCPs might also play an important role in nuclear function. In this review, we collected data on their nuclear localization, transport, and possible functions, which are still scattered throughout the literature, with special regard to the role of the FERM domain in these processes. With this, we would like to draw attention to the exciting, new dimension of the role of FDCPs, their nuclear activity, which could be an interesting novel direction for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anikó Szabó
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kovács
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Vilmos
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bryant L, Sangree A, Clark K, Bhoj E. Histone 3.3-related chromatinopathy: missense variants throughout H3-3A and H3-3B cause a range of functional consequences across species. Hum Genet 2024; 143:497-510. [PMID: 36867246 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable recent interest in the role that germline variants in histone genes play in Mendelian syndromes. Specifically, missense variants in H3-3A and H3-3B, which both encode Histone 3.3, were discovered to cause a novel neurodevelopmental disorder, Bryant-Li-Bhoj syndrome. Most of the causative variants are private and scattered throughout the protein, but all seem to have either a gain-of-function or dominant negative effect on protein function. This is highly unusual and not well understood. However, there is extensive literature about the effects of Histone 3.3 mutations in model organisms. Here, we collate the previous data to provide insight into the elusive pathogenesis of missense variants in Histone 3.3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bryant
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Annabel Sangree
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kelly Clark
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bhoj
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Y, Shtylla B, Chou T. Order-of-Mutation Effects on Cancer Progression: Models for Myeloproliferative Neoplasm. Bull Math Biol 2024; 86:32. [PMID: 38363386 PMCID: PMC10873249 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-024-01257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In some patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), two genetic mutations are often found: JAK2 V617F and one in the TET2 gene. Whether one mutation is present influences how the other subsequent mutation will affect the regulation of gene expression. In other words, when a patient carries both mutations, the order of when they first arose has been shown to influence disease progression and prognosis. We propose a nonlinear ordinary differential equation, the Moran process, and Markov chain models to explain the non-additive and non-commutative mutation effects on recent clinical observations of gene expression patterns, proportions of cells with different mutations, and ages at diagnosis of MPN. Combined, these observations are used to shape our modeling framework. Our key proposal is that bistability in gene expression provides a natural explanation for many observed order-of-mutation effects. We also propose potential experimental measurements that can be used to confirm or refute predictions of our models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Statistics, Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Blerta Shtylla
- Mathematics Department, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
- Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Pfizer Research and Development, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Tom Chou
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gorantla SP, Mueller TA, Albers‐Leischner C, Rudelius M, von Bubnoff N, Duyster J. A newly identified 45-kDa JAK2 variant with an altered kinase domain structure represents a novel mode of JAK2 kinase inhibitor resistance. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:415-430. [PMID: 38104968 PMCID: PMC10850816 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine-protein kinase (janus kinase; JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling plays a pivotal role in the development of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Treatment with the potent JAK1/JAK2-specific inhibitor, ruxolitinib, significantly reduces tumor burden; however, ruxolitinib treatment does not fully eradicate the malignant clone. As the molecular basis for the disease persistence is not well understood, we set out to gain new insights by generating ruxolitinib-resistant cell lines. Surprisingly, these cells harbor a 45 kDa JAK2 variant (FERM-JAK2) consisting of the N-terminal FERM domain directly fused to the C-terminal kinase domain in 80% of sublines resistant to ruxolitinib. At the molecular level, FERM-JAK2 is able to directly bind and activate STAT5 in the absence of cytokine receptors. Furthermore, phosphorylation of activation-loop tyrosines is dispensable for FERM-JAK2-mediated STAT5 activation and cellular transformation, in contrast to JAK2-V617F. As a result, FERM-JAK2 is highly resistant to several ATP-competitive JAK2 inhibitors, whereas it is particularly sensitive to HSP90 inhibition. A murine model of FERM-JAK2 leukemogenesis showed an accelerated MPN phenotype with pronounced splenomegaly. Notably, most current protocols for the monitoring of emerging JAK variants are unable to detect FERM-JAK2, highlighting the urgent need for implementing next-generation sequencing approaches in MPN patients receiving ruxolitinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivahari Prasad Gorantla
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical CenterUniversity of Schleswig‐HolsteinLübeckGermany
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Medical Center FreiburgGermany
| | - Tony Andreas Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Medical Center FreiburgGermany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)University of CologneGermany
| | - Corinna Albers‐Leischner
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center HamburgUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfGermany
| | | | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical CenterUniversity of Schleswig‐HolsteinLübeckGermany
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Medical Center FreiburgGermany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Medical Center FreiburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dai XY, Liu L, Song FH, Gao SJ, Wu JY, Li DY, Zhang LQ, Liu DQ, Zhou YQ, Mei W. Targeting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway for chronic pain. Aging Dis 2024; 15:186-200. [PMID: 37307838 PMCID: PMC10796104 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a notable health concern because of its prevalence, persistence, and associated mental stress. Drugs targeting chronic pain with potent abirritation, and minimal side effects remain unidentified. Substantial evidence indicates that the Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway plays a distinct and critical role in different stages of chronic pain. Aberrant activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway is evident in multiple chronic pain models. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that the downregulation of JAK2/STAT3 can attenuate chronic pain in different animal models. In this review, we investigated the mechanism and role of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in modulating chronic pain. The aberrant activation of JAK2/STAT3 can trigger chronic pain by interacting with microglia and astrocytes, releasing proinflammatory cytokines, inhibiting anti-inflammatory cytokines, and regulating synaptic plasticity. We also retrospectively reviewed current reports on JAK2/STAT3 pharmacological inhibitors that demonstrated their significant therapeutic potential in different types of chronic pain. In summary, our results provide strong evidence that the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway is a promising therapeutic target for chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan-He Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Jie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan-Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China
| | - Long-Qing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China
| | - Dai-Qiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Qun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Johnson HM, Ahmed CM. Disparate viral pandemics from COVID19 to monkeypox and beyond: a simple, effective and universal therapeutic approach hiding in plain sight. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1208828. [PMID: 38106428 PMCID: PMC10722180 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1208828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of antiviral therapeutics is fixated on COVID19 and rightly so as the fatalities at the height of the pandemic in the United States were almost 1,000,000 in a twelve month period spanning parts of 2020/2021. A coronavirus called SARS-CoV2 is the causative virus. Development of a vaccine through molecular biology approaches with mRNA as the inducer of virus spike protein has played a major role in driving down mortality and morbidity. Antivirals have been of marginal value in established infections at the level of hospitalization. Thus, the current focus is on early symptomatic infection of about the first five days. The Pfizer drug paxlovid which is composed of nirmatrelvir, a peptidomimetic protease inhibitor of SARS-CoV2 Mpro enzyme, and ritonavir to retard degradation of nirmatrelvir, is the current FDA recommended treatment of early COVID19. There is no evidence of broad antiviral activity of paxlovid against other diverse viruses such as the influenza virus, poxviruses, as well as a host of respiratory viruses. Although type I interferons (IFNs) are effective against SARS-CoV2 in cell cultures and in early COVID19 infections, they have not been broadly recommended as therapeutics for COVID19. We have developed stable peptidomimetics of both types I and II IFNs based on our noncanonical model of IFN signaling involving the C-terminus of the IFNs. We have also identified two members of intracellular checkpoint inhibitors called suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS), SOCS1 and SOCS3 (SOCS1/3), and shown that they are virus induced intrinsic virulence proteins with activity against IFN signaling enzymes JAK2 and TYK2. We developed a peptidomimetic antagonist, based on JAK2 activation loop, against SOCS1/3 and showed that it synergizes with the IFN mimetics for potent broad spectrum antiviral activity without the toxicity of intact IFN molecules. IFN mimetics and the SOCS1/3 antagonist should have an advantage over currently used antivirals in terms of safety and potency against a broad spectrum of viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Howard M. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pienkowski T, Kowalczyk T, Cysewski D, Kretowski A, Ciborowski M. Glioma and post-translational modifications: A complex relationship. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189009. [PMID: 37913943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are common covalent processes in biochemical pathways that alter protein function and activity. These modifications occur through proteolytic cleavage or attachment of modifying groups, such as phosphoryl, methyl, glycosyl, or acetyl groups, with one or more amino acid residues of a single protein. Some PTMs also present crosstalk abilities that affect both protein functionality and structure, creating new proteoforms. Any alteration in organism homeostasis may be a cancer hallmark. Cataloging PTMs and consequently, emerging proteoforms, present new therapeutic targets, approaches, and opportunities to discover additional discriminatory biomarkers in disease diagnostics. In this review, we focus on experimentally confirmed PTMs and their potential crosstalk in glioma research to introduce new opportunities for this tumor type, which emerge within the PTMomics area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Pienkowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rungratanawanich W, Ballway JW, Wang X, Won KJ, Hardwick JP, Song BJ. Post-translational modifications of histone and non-histone proteins in epigenetic regulation and translational applications in alcohol-associated liver disease: Challenges and research opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108547. [PMID: 37838219 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is a process that takes place through adaptive cellular pathways influenced by environmental factors and metabolic changes to modulate gene activity with heritable phenotypic variations without altering the DNA sequences of many target genes. Epigenetic regulation can be facilitated by diverse mechanisms: many different types of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone and non-histone nuclear proteins, DNA methylation, altered levels of noncoding RNAs, incorporation of histone variants, nucleosomal positioning, chromatin remodeling, etc. These factors modulate chromatin structure and stability with or without the involvement of metabolic products, depending on the cellular context of target cells or environmental stimuli, such as intake of alcohol (ethanol) or Western-style high-fat diets. Alterations of epigenetics have been actively studied, since they are frequently associated with multiple disease states. Consequently, explorations of epigenetic regulation have recently shed light on the pathogenesis and progression of alcohol-associated disorders. In this review, we highlight the roles of various types of PTMs, including less-characterized modifications of nuclear histone and non-histone proteins, in the epigenetic regulation of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and other disorders. We also describe challenges in characterizing specific PTMs and suggest future opportunities for basic and translational research to prevent or treat ALD and many other disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jacob W Ballway
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
| | - James P Hardwick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dvořáček L, Marková J, Holoubek A, Grebeňová D, Kundrát D, Kuželová K, Schwarz J. A novel germline hyperactivating JAK2 mutation L604F. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:2725-2734. [PMID: 37639050 PMCID: PMC10492870 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Somatic JAK2 mutations are the main molecular cause of the vast majority of polycythemia vera (PV) cases. According to a recent structural model, the prevalent acquired V617F mutation improves the stability of the JAK2 dimer, thereby enhancing the constitutive JAK2 kinase activity. Germline JAK2 mutations usually do not largely alter JAK2 signaling, although they may modulate the impact of V617F. We found an unusual germline JAK2 mutation L604F in homozygous form in a young PV patient, along with a low allele burden JAK2 V617F mutation, and in her apparently healthy sister. Their father with a PV-like disease had L604F in a heterozygous state, without V617F. The functional consequences of JAK2 L604Fmutation were compared with those induced by V617F in two different in vitro model systems: (i) HEK293T cells were transfected with plasmids for exogenous JAK2-GFP expression, and (ii) endogenous JAK2 modifications were introduced into HeLa cells using CRISPR/Cas9. Both mutations significantly increased JAK2 constitutive activity in transfected HEK293T cells. In the second model, JAK2 modification resulted in reduced total JAK2 protein levels. An important difference was also detected: as described previously, the effect of V617F on JAK2 kinase activity was abrogated in the absence of the aromatic residue F595. In contrast, JAK2 hyperactivation by L604F was only partially inhibited by the F595 change to alanine. We propose that the L604F mutation increases the probability of spontaneous JAK2 dimer formation, which is physiologically mediated by F595. In addition, L604F may contribute to dimer stabilization similarly to V617F.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Dvořáček
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Marková
- Clinical Department, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Holoubek
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Grebeňová
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Kundrát
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kuželová
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Schwarz
- Clinical Department, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wong H, Sugimura R. Immune-epigenetic crosstalk in haematological malignancies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1233383. [PMID: 37808081 PMCID: PMC10551137 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1233383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematological malignancies comprise a diverse set of lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms which can arise during any stage of haematopoiesis in the bone marrow. Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic inflammation generated by inflammatory cytokines secreted by tumour and the tumour-associated cells within the bone marrow microenvironment initiates signalling pathways in malignant cells, resulting in activation of master transcription factors including Smads, STAT3, and NF-κB which confer cancer stem cell phenotypes and drive disease progression. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms for how immune cells interact with malignant cells to induce such epigenetic modifications, specifically DNA methylation, histone modification, expression of miRNAs and lnRNAs to perturbate haematopoiesis could provide new avenues for developing novel targeted therapies for haematological malignancies. Here, the complex positive and negative feedback loops involved in inflammatory cytokine-induced cancer stem cell generation and drug resistance are reviewed to highlight the clinical importance of immune-epigenetic crosstalk in haematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryohichi Sugimura
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Lee Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Clark DN, O'Neil SM, Xu L, Steppe JT, Savage JT, Raghunathan K, Filiano AJ. Prolonged STAT1 activation in neurons drives a pathological transcriptional response. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 382:578168. [PMID: 37556887 PMCID: PMC10527980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurons require physiological IFN-γ signaling to maintain central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, however, pathological IFN-γ signaling can cause CNS pathologies. The downstream signaling mechanisms that cause these drastically different outcomes in neurons has not been well studied. We hypothesized that different levels of IFN-γ signaling in neurons results in differential activation of its downstream transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transduction 1 (STAT1), causing varying outcomes. Using primary cortical neurons, we showed that physiological IFN-γ elicited brief and transient STAT1 activation, whereas pathological IFN-γ induced prolonged STAT1 activation, which primed the pathway to be more responsive to a subsequent IFN-γ challenge. This is an IFN-γ specific response, as other IFNs and cytokines did not elicit such STAT1 activation nor priming in neurons. Additionally, we did not see the same effect in microglia or astrocytes, suggesting this non-canonical IFN-γ/STAT1 signaling is unique to neurons. Prolonged STAT1 activation was facilitated by continuous janus kinase (JAK) activity, even in the absence of IFN-γ. Finally, although IFN-γ initially induced a canonical IFN-γ transcriptional response in neurons, pathological levels of IFN-γ caused long-term changes in synaptic pathway transcripts. Overall, these findings suggest that IFN-γ signaling occurs via non-canonical mechanisms in neurons, and differential STAT1 activation may explain how neurons have both homeostatic and pathological responses to IFN-γ signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Clark
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Shane M O'Neil
- Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Li Xu
- Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Justin T Steppe
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Justin T Savage
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | | | - Anthony J Filiano
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Park H, Lee S, Lee J, Moon H, Ro SW. Exploring the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Unraveling Signaling Complexity and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13764. [PMID: 37762066 PMCID: PMC10531214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) continues to pose a substantial global health challenge due to its high incidence and limited therapeutic options. In recent years, the Janus Kinase (JAK) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway has emerged as a critical signaling cascade in HCC pathogenesis. The review commences with an overview of the JAK/STAT pathway, delving into the dynamic interplay between the JAK/STAT pathway and its numerous upstream activators, such as cytokines and growth factors enriched in pathogenic livers afflicted with chronic inflammation and cirrhosis. This paper also elucidates how the persistent activation of JAK/STAT signaling leads to diverse oncogenic processes during hepatocarcinogenesis, including uncontrolled cell proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, and immune escape. In the context of therapeutic implications, this review summarizes recent advancements in targeting the JAK/STAT pathway for HCC treatment. Preclinical and clinical studies investigating inhibitors and modulators of JAK/STAT signaling are discussed, highlighting their potential in suppressing the deadly disease. The insights presented herein underscore the necessity for continued research into targeting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway as a promising avenue for HCC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Simon Weonsang Ro
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (H.P.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Y, Shtylla B, Chou T. Order-of-mutation effects on cancer progression: models for myeloproliferative neoplasm. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.16.23294177. [PMID: 37662184 PMCID: PMC10473807 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.16.23294177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
In some patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), two genetic mutations are often found, JAK2 V617F and one in the TET2 gene. Whether or not one mutation is present will influence how the other subsequent mutation affects the regulation of gene expression. When both mutations are present, the order of their occurrence has been shown to influence disease progression and prognosis. We propose a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE), Moran process, and Markov chain models to explain the non-additive and non-commutative mutation effects on recent clinical observations of gene expression patterns, proportions of cells with different mutations, and ages at diagnosis of MPN. These observations consistently shape our modeling framework. Our key proposal is that bistability in gene expression provides a natural explanation for many observed order-of-mutation effects. We also propose potential experimental measurements that can be used to confirm or refute predictions of our models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Dept. of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics and Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Blerta Shtylla
- Mathematics Department, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, 91711
- Quantitative Systems Pharmacology, Oncology, Pfizer, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Tom Chou
- Dept. of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Dept. of Mathematics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Y, Shtylla B, Chou T. Order-of-mutation effects on cancer progression: models for myeloproliferative neoplasm. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2308.09941v1. [PMID: 37645049 PMCID: PMC10462171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In some patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), two genetic mutations are often found, JAK2 V617F and one in the TET2 gene. Whether or not one mutation is present will influence how the other subsequent mutation affects the regulation of gene expression. When both mutations are present, the order of their occurrence has been shown to influence disease progression and prognosis. We propose a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE), Moran process, and Markov chain models to explain the non-additive and non-commutative mutation effects on recent clinical observations of gene expression patterns, proportions of cells with different mutations, and ages at diagnosis of MPN. These observations consistently shape our modeling framework. Our key proposal is that bistability in gene expression provides a natural explanation for many observed order-of-mutation effects. We also propose potential experimental measurements that can be used to confirm or refute predictions of our models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Dept. of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics and Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Blerta Shtylla
- Mathematics Department, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, 91711
- Quantitative Systems Pharmacology, Oncology, Pfizer, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Tom Chou
- Dept. of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Dept. of Mathematics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abini-Agbomson S, Gretarsson K, Shih RM, Hsieh L, Lou T, De Ioannes P, Vasilyev N, Lee R, Wang M, Simon MD, Armache JP, Nudler E, Narlikar G, Liu S, Lu C, Armache KJ. Catalytic and non-catalytic mechanisms of histone H4 lysine 20 methyltransferase SUV420H1. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2872-2883.e7. [PMID: 37595555 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
SUV420H1 di- and tri-methylates histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me2/H4K20me3) and plays crucial roles in DNA replication, repair, and heterochromatin formation. It is dysregulated in several cancers. Many of these processes were linked to its catalytic activity. However, deletion and inhibition of SUV420H1 have shown distinct phenotypes, suggesting that the enzyme likely has uncharacterized non-catalytic activities. Our cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM), biochemical, biophysical, and cellular analyses reveal how SUV420H1 recognizes its nucleosome substrates, and how histone variant H2A.Z stimulates its catalytic activity. SUV420H1 binding to nucleosomes causes a dramatic detachment of nucleosomal DNA from the histone octamer, which is a non-catalytic activity. We hypothesize that this regulates the accessibility of large macromolecular complexes to chromatin. We show that SUV420H1 can promote chromatin condensation, another non-catalytic activity that we speculate is needed for its heterochromatin functions. Together, our studies uncover and characterize the catalytic and non-catalytic mechanisms of SUV420H1, a key histone methyltransferase that plays an essential role in genomic stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Abini-Agbomson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristjan Gretarsson
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rochelle M Shih
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biophysics and Biochemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tracy Lou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pablo De Ioannes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikita Vasilyev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew D Simon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Armache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Evgeny Nudler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Geeta Narlikar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shixin Liu
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biophysics and Biochemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karim-Jean Armache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Greenfield G, McMullin MF. Epigenetics in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1206965. [PMID: 37519812 PMCID: PMC10373880 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1206965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of acquired clonal disorders where mutations drive proliferative disease resulting in increased blood counts and in some cases end-stage myelofibrosis. Epigenetic changes are the reversible modifications to DNA- and RNA-associated proteins that impact gene activity without changing the DNA sequence. This review summarizes mechanisms of epigenetic changes and the nucleosome. The drivers and epigenetic regulators in MPNs are outlined. In MPNs, distinct patterns of epigenetic dysregulation have been seen in chronic and in advanced phases. Methylation age and histone modification are altered in MPNs and by further treatment. The alterations found in methylation age in MPNs and with treatment are discussed, and the changes in histone modification with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibition are evaluated. Currently available therapeutic areas where the epigenome can be altered are outlined. Thus, we review the current knowledge and understanding of epigenetics in MPN and consider further management options. Understanding the epigenome and its alteration in MPNs and epigenetic changes associated with the progression of disease will lead to advances in therapeutic options.
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang J, Xu J, Wang W, Zhang B, Yu X, Shi S. Epigenetic regulation in the tumor microenvironment: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:210. [PMID: 37217462 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Over decades, researchers have focused on the epigenetic control of DNA-templated processes. Histone modification, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, RNA modification, and noncoding RNAs modulate many biological processes that are crucial to the development of cancers. Dysregulation of the epigenome drives aberrant transcriptional programs. A growing body of evidence suggests that the mechanisms of epigenetic modification are dysregulated in human cancers and might be excellent targets for tumor treatment. Epigenetics has also been shown to influence tumor immunogenicity and immune cells involved in antitumor responses. Thus, the development and application of epigenetic therapy and cancer immunotherapy and their combinations may have important implications for cancer treatment. Here, we present an up-to-date and thorough description of how epigenetic modifications in tumor cells influence immune cell responses in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and how epigenetics influence immune cells internally to modify the TME. Additionally, we highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic regulators for cancer immunotherapy. Harnessing the complex interplay between epigenetics and cancer immunology to develop therapeutics that combine thereof is challenging but could yield significant benefits. The purpose of this review is to assist researchers in understanding how epigenetics impact immune responses in the TME, so that better cancer immunotherapies can be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xue C, Yao Q, Gu X, Shi Q, Yuan X, Chu Q, Bao Z, Lu J, Li L. Evolving cognition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway: autoimmune disorders and cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:204. [PMID: 37208335 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of transmembrane signal transduction that enables cells to communicate with the exterior environment. Various cytokines, interferons, growth factors, and other specific molecules activate JAK-STAT signaling to drive a series of physiological and pathological processes, including proliferation, metabolism, immune response, inflammation, and malignancy. Dysregulated JAK-STAT signaling and related genetic mutations are strongly associated with immune activation and cancer progression. Insights into the structures and functions of the JAK-STAT pathway have led to the development and approval of diverse drugs for the clinical treatment of diseases. Currently, drugs have been developed to mainly target the JAK-STAT pathway and are commonly divided into three subtypes: cytokine or receptor antibodies, JAK inhibitors, and STAT inhibitors. And novel agents also continue to be developed and tested in preclinical and clinical studies. The effectiveness and safety of each kind of drug also warrant further scientific trials before put into being clinical applications. Here, we review the current understanding of the fundamental composition and function of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. We also discuss advancements in the understanding of JAK-STAT-related pathogenic mechanisms; targeted JAK-STAT therapies for various diseases, especially immune disorders, and cancers; newly developed JAK inhibitors; and current challenges and directions in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinfan Yao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengyi Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kojima Y, Kawashima F, Yasuda T, Odaira K, Inagaki Y, Yamada C, Muraki A, Noura M, Okamoto S, Tamura S, Iwamoto E, Sanada M, Matsumura I, Miyazaki Y, Kojima T, Kiyoi H, Tsuzuki S, Hayakawa F. EBF1-JAK2 inhibits the PAX5 function through physical interaction with PAX5 and kinase activity. Int J Hematol 2023:10.1007/s12185-023-03585-z. [PMID: 37149540 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene aberrations of B-cell regulators and growth signal components such as the JAK-STAT pathway are frequently found in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). EBF1 is a B-cell regulator that regulates the expression of PAX5 and co-operates with PAX5 to regulate B-cell differentiation. Here, we analyzed the function of the fusion protein of EBF1 and JAK2, EBF1-JAK2 (E-J). E-J caused constitutive activation of JAK-STAT and MAPK pathways and induced autonomous cell growth in a cytokine-dependent cell line. E-J did not affect the transcriptional activity of EBF1 but inhibited that of PAX5. Both the physical interaction of E-J with PAX5 and kinase activity of E-J were required for E-J to inhibit PAX5 function, although the detailed mechanism of inhibition remains unclear. Importantly, gene set enrichment analysis using the results of our previous RNA-seq data of 323 primary BCR-ABL1-negative ALL samples demonstrated repression of the transcriptional target genes of PAX5 in E-J-positive ALL cells, which suggests that E-J also inhibited PAX5 function in ALL cells. Our results shed new light on the mechanisms of differentiation block by kinase fusion proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Kojima
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Fumika Kawashima
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Takahiko Yasuda
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koya Odaira
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Inagaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Yamada
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Ami Muraki
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Mina Noura
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Shuichi Okamoto
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Shogo Tamura
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Eisuke Iwamoto
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Sanada
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Itaru Matsumura
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Miyazaki
- Department of Hematology, Atomic Bomb Disease and Hibakusha Medicine Unit, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuhito Kojima
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
- Aichi Health Promotion Foundation, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kiyoi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsuzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hayakawa
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abini-Agbomson S, Gretarsson K, Shih RM, Hsieh L, Lou T, De Ioannes P, Vasilyev N, Lee R, Wang M, Simon M, Armache JP, Nudler E, Narlikar G, Liu S, Lu C, Armache KJ. Catalytic and non-catalytic mechanisms of histone H4 lysine 20 methyltransferase SUV420H1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.17.533220. [PMID: 36993485 PMCID: PMC10055266 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.17.533220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The intricate regulation of chromatin plays a key role in controlling genome architecture and accessibility. Histone lysine methyltransferases regulate chromatin by catalyzing the methylation of specific histone residues but are also hypothesized to have equally important non-catalytic roles. SUV420H1 di- and tri-methylates histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me2/me3) and plays crucial roles in DNA replication, repair, and heterochromatin formation, and is dysregulated in several cancers. Many of these processes were linked to its catalytic activity. However, deletion and inhibition of SUV420H1 have shown distinct phenotypes suggesting the enzyme likely has uncharacterized non-catalytic activities. To characterize the catalytic and non-catalytic mechanisms SUV420H1 uses to modify chromatin, we determined cryo- EM structures of SUV420H1 complexes with nucleosomes containing histone H2A or its variant H2A.Z. Our structural, biochemical, biophysical, and cellular analyses reveal how both SUV420H1 recognizes its substrate and H2A.Z stimulates its activity, and show that SUV420H1 binding to nucleosomes causes a dramatic detachment of nucleosomal DNA from histone octamer. We hypothesize that this detachment increases DNA accessibility to large macromolecular complexes, a prerequisite for DNA replication and repair. We also show that SUV420H1 can promote chromatin condensates, another non-catalytic role that we speculate is needed for its heterochromatin functions. Together, our studies uncover and characterize the catalytic and non-catalytic mechanisms of SUV420H1, a key histone methyltransferase that plays an essential role in genomic stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Abini-Agbomson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristjan Gretarsson
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rochelle M. Shih
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biophysics and Biochemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tracy Lou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pablo De Ioannes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikita Vasilyev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Simon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Armache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Evgeny Nudler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Geeta Narlikar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shixin Liu
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biophysics and Biochemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karim-Jean Armache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Lead contact
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen J, Zuo Z, Gao Y, Yao X, Guan P, Wang Y, Li Z, Liu Z, Hong JH, Deng P, Chan JY, Cheah DMZ, Lim J, Chai KXY, Chia BKH, Pang JWL, Koh J, Huang D, He H, Sun Y, Liu L, Liu S, Huang Y, Wang X, You H, Saraf SA, Grigoropoulos NF, Li X, Bei J, Kang T, Lim ST, Teh BT, Huang H, Ong CK, Tan J. Aberrant JAK-STAT signaling-mediated chromatin remodeling impairs the sensitivity of NK/T-cell lymphoma to chidamide. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:19. [PMID: 36740715 PMCID: PMC9900953 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL) is a rare type of aggressive and heterogeneous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Therefore, there is an urgent need to exploit potential novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of NKTL. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor chidamide was recently approved for treating relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) patients. However, its therapeutic efficacy in NKTL remains unclear. METHODS We performed a phase II clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of chidamide in 28 relapsed/refractory NKTL patients. Integrative transcriptomic, chromatin profiling analysis and functional studies were performed to identify potential predictive biomarkers and unravel the mechanisms of resistance to chidamide. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to validate the predictive biomarkers in tumors from the clinical trial. RESULTS We demonstrated that chidamide is effective in treating relapsed/refractory NKTL patients, achieving an overall response and complete response rate of 39 and 18%, respectively. In vitro studies showed that hyperactivity of JAK-STAT signaling in NKTL cell lines was associated with the resistance to chidamide. Mechanistically, our results revealed that aberrant JAK-STAT signaling remodels the chromatin and confers resistance to chidamide. Subsequently, inhibition of JAK-STAT activity could overcome resistance to chidamide by reprogramming the chromatin from a resistant to sensitive state, leading to synergistic anti-tumor effect in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, our clinical data demonstrated that combinatorial therapy with chidamide and JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib is effective against chidamide-resistant NKTL. In addition, we identified TNFRSF8 (CD30), a downstream target of the JAK-STAT pathway, as a potential biomarker that could predict NKTL sensitivity to chidamide. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that chidamide, in combination with JAK-STAT inhibitors, can be a novel targeted therapy in the standard of care for NKTL. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02878278. Registered 25 August 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02878278.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Chen
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Zhixiang Zuo
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Yan Gao
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Xiaosai Yao
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peiyong Guan
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yali Wang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Zhimei Li
- grid.410724.40000 0004 0620 9745Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhilong Liu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Han Hong
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peng Deng
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Jason Yongsheng Chan
- grid.410724.40000 0004 0620 9745Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daryl Ming Zhe Cheah
- grid.410724.40000 0004 0620 9745Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Jingquan Lim
- grid.410724.40000 0004 0620 9745Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Kelila Xin Ye Chai
- grid.410724.40000 0004 0620 9745Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Burton Kuan Hui Chia
- grid.410724.40000 0004 0620 9745Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Jane Wan Lu Pang
- grid.410724.40000 0004 0620 9745Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Joanna Koh
- grid.410724.40000 0004 0620 9745Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dachuan Huang
- grid.410724.40000 0004 0620 9745Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Haixia He
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Yichen Sun
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Lizhen Liu
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Shini Liu
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Hua You
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sahil Ajit Saraf
- grid.163555.10000 0000 9486 5048Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Xiaoqiu Li
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxin Bei
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Tiebang Kang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Soon Thye Lim
- grid.410724.40000 0004 0620 9745Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.410724.40000 0004 0620 9745Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.410724.40000 0004 0620 9745Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huiqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Choon Kiat Ong
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. .,Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
| | - Jing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sehgal P, Chaturvedi P. Chromatin and Cancer: Implications of Disrupted Chromatin Organization in Tumorigenesis and Its Diversification. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020466. [PMID: 36672415 PMCID: PMC9856863 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of cancers is uncontrolled cell proliferation, frequently associated with an underlying imbalance in gene expression. This transcriptional dysregulation observed in cancers is multifaceted and involves chromosomal rearrangements, chimeric transcription factors, or altered epigenetic marks. Traditionally, chromatin dysregulation in cancers has been considered a downstream effect of driver mutations. However, here we present a broader perspective on the alteration of chromatin organization in the establishment, diversification, and therapeutic resistance of cancers. We hypothesize that the chromatin organization controls the accessibility of the transcriptional machinery to regulate gene expression in cancerous cells and preserves the structural integrity of the nucleus by regulating nuclear volume. Disruption of this large-scale chromatin in proliferating cancerous cells in conventional chemotherapies induces DNA damage and provides a positive feedback loop for chromatin rearrangements and tumor diversification. Consequently, the surviving cells from these chemotherapies become tolerant to higher doses of the therapeutic reagents, which are significantly toxic to normal cells. Furthermore, the disorganization of chromatin induced by these therapies accentuates nuclear fragility, thereby increasing the invasive potential of these tumors. Therefore, we believe that understanding the changes in chromatin organization in cancerous cells is expected to deliver more effective pharmacological interventions with minimal effects on non-cancerous cells.
Collapse
|
31
|
Chia YC, Siti Asmaa MJ, Ramli M, Woon PY, Johan MF, Hassan R, Islam MA. Molecular Genetics of Thrombotic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Implications in Precision Oncology. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:163. [PMID: 36611455 PMCID: PMC9818412 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) include polycythaemia vera, essential thrombocythaemia, and primary myelofibrosis. Unlike monogenic disorders, a more complicated series of genetic mutations are believed to be responsible for MPN with various degrees of thromboembolic and bleeding complications. Thrombosis is one of the early manifestations in patients with MPN. To date, the driver genes responsible for MPN include JAK2, CALR, MPL, TET2, ASXL1, and MTHFR. Affords have been done to elucidate these mutations and the incidence of thromboembolic events. Several lines of evidence indicate that mutations in JAK2, MPL, TET2 and ASXL1 gene and polymorphisms in several clotting factors (GPIa, GPIIa, and GPIIIa) are associated with the occurrence and prevalence of thrombosis in MPN patients. Some polymorphisms within XRCC1, FBG, F2, F5, F7, F12, MMP9, HPA5, MTHFR, SDF-1, FAS, FASL, TERT, ACE, and TLR4 genes may also play a role in MPN manifestation. This review aims to provide an insightful overview on the genetic perspective of thrombotic complications in patients with MPN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuh Cai Chia
- Department Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mat Jusoh Siti Asmaa
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Marini Ramli
- Department Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Peng Yeong Woon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rosline Hassan
- Department Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Md Asiful Islam
- Department Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mustafa AHM, Krämer OH. Pharmacological Modulation of the Crosstalk between Aberrant Janus Kinase Signaling and Epigenetic Modifiers of the Histone Deacetylase Family to Treat Cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:35-61. [PMID: 36752816 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivated Janus kinase (JAK) signaling is an appreciated drug target in human cancers. Numerous mutant JAK molecules as well as inherent and acquired drug resistance mechanisms limit the efficacy of JAK inhibitors (JAKi). There is accumulating evidence that epigenetic mechanisms control JAK-dependent signaling cascades. Like JAKs, epigenetic modifiers of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family regulate the growth and development of cells and are often dysregulated in cancer cells. The notion that inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACi) abrogate oncogenic JAK-dependent signaling cascades illustrates an intricate crosstalk between JAKs and HDACs. Here, we summarize how structurally divergent, broad-acting as well as isoenzyme-specific HDACi, hybrid fusion pharmacophores containing JAKi and HDACi, and proteolysis targeting chimeras for JAKs inactivate the four JAK proteins JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and tyrosine kinase-2. These agents suppress aberrant JAK activity through specific transcription-dependent processes and mechanisms that alter the phosphorylation and stability of JAKs. Pharmacological inhibition of HDACs abrogates allosteric activation of JAKs, overcomes limitations of ATP-competitive type 1 and type 2 JAKi, and interacts favorably with JAKi. Since such findings were collected in cultured cells, experimental animals, and cancer patients, we condense preclinical and translational relevance. We also discuss how future research on acetylation-dependent mechanisms that regulate JAKs might allow the rational design of improved treatments for cancer patients. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Reversible lysine-ɛ-N acetylation and deacetylation cycles control phosphorylation-dependent Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling. The intricate crosstalk between these fundamental molecular mechanisms provides opportunities for pharmacological intervention strategies with modern small molecule inhibitors. This could help patients suffering from cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Al-Hassan M Mustafa
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (A.-H.M.M., O.H.K.) and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt (A.-H.M.M.)
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (A.-H.M.M., O.H.K.) and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt (A.-H.M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kumar A, Emdad L, Fisher PB, Das SK. Targeting epigenetic regulation for cancer therapy using small molecule inhibitors. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 158:73-161. [PMID: 36990539 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells display pervasive changes in DNA methylation, disrupted patterns of histone posttranslational modification, chromatin composition or organization and regulatory element activities that alter normal programs of gene expression. It is becoming increasingly clear that disturbances in the epigenome are hallmarks of cancer, which are targetable and represent attractive starting points for drug creation. Remarkable progress has been made in the past decades in discovering and developing epigenetic-based small molecule inhibitors. Recently, epigenetic-targeted agents in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors have been identified and these agents are either in current clinical trials or approved for treatment. However, epigenetic drug applications face many challenges, including low selectivity, poor bioavailability, instability and acquired drug resistance. New multidisciplinary approaches are being designed to overcome these limitations, e.g., applications of machine learning, drug repurposing, high throughput virtual screening technologies, to identify selective compounds with improved stability and better bioavailability. We provide an overview of the key proteins that mediate epigenetic regulation that encompass histone and DNA modifications and discuss effector proteins that affect the organization of chromatin structure and function as well as presently available inhibitors as potential drugs. Current anticancer small-molecule inhibitors targeting epigenetic modified enzymes that have been approved by therapeutic regulatory authorities across the world are highlighted. Many of these are in different stages of clinical evaluation. We also assess emerging strategies for combinatorial approaches of epigenetic drugs with immunotherapy, standard chemotherapy or other classes of agents and advances in the design of novel epigenetic therapies.
Collapse
|
34
|
Markouli M, Strepkos D, Piperi C. Impact of Histone Modifications and Their Therapeutic Targeting in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13657. [PMID: 36362442 PMCID: PMC9654260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies are a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by complex pathogenetic mechanisms. The abnormal regulation of epigenetic mechanisms and specifically, histone modifications, has been demonstrated to play a central role in hematological cancer pathogenesis and progression. A variety of epigenetic enzymes that affect the state of histones have been detected as deregulated, being either over- or underexpressed, which induces changes in chromatin compaction and, subsequently, affects gene expression. Recent advances in the field of epigenetics have revealed novel therapeutic targets, with many epigenetic drugs being investigated in clinical trials. The present review focuses on the biological impact of histone modifications in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies, describing a wide range of therapeutic agents that have been discovered to target these alterations and are currently under investigation in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
The JAK-STAT pathway at 30: Much learned, much more to do. Cell 2022; 185:3857-3876. [PMID: 36240739 PMCID: PMC9815833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway arose from investigations of how cells respond to interferons (IFNs), revealing a paradigm in cell signaling conserved from slime molds to mammals. These discoveries revealed mechanisms underlying rapid gene expression mediated by a wide variety of extracellular polypeptides including cytokines, interleukins, and related factors. This knowledge has provided numerous insights into human disease, from immune deficiencies to cancer, and was rapidly translated to new drugs for autoimmune, allergic, and infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Despite these advances, major challenges and opportunities remain.
Collapse
|
36
|
Tathe P, Chowdary KVSR, Murmu KC, Prasad P, Maddika S. SHP-1 dephosphorylates histone H2B to facilitate its ubiquitination during transcription. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109720. [PMID: 35938192 PMCID: PMC9531295 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of histones is essential for eukaryotic transcription, but the enzymes engaged in histone dephosphorylation are not fully explored. Here, we show that the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 dephosphorylates histone H2B and plays a critical role during transition from the initiation to the elongation stage of transcription. Nuclear-localized SHP-1 is associated with the Paf1 complex at chromatin and dephosphorylates H2B at tyrosine 121. Moreover, knockout of SHP-1, or expression of a mutant mimicking constitutive phosphorylation of H2B Y121, leads to a reduction in genome-wide H2B ubiquitination, which subsequently causes defects in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Y121 phosphorylation precludes H2B's interaction with the E2 enzyme, indicating that SHP-1-mediated dephosphorylation of this residue may be a prerequisite for efficient H2B ubiquitination. Functionally, we find that SHP-1-mediated H2B dephosphorylation contributes to maintaining basal autophagic flux in cells through the efficient transcription of autophagy and lysosomal genes. Collectively, our study reveals an important modification of histone H2B regulated by SHP-1 that has a role during eukaryotic transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta Tathe
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cell SurvivalCentre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD)HyderabadIndia
- Graduate StudiesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalIndia
| | - K V S Rammohan Chowdary
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cell SurvivalCentre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD)HyderabadIndia
| | | | - Punit Prasad
- Epigenetic and Chromatin Biology UnitInstitute of Life SciencesBhubaneswarIndia
| | - Subbareddy Maddika
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cell SurvivalCentre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD)HyderabadIndia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Clark DN, Begg LR, Filiano AJ. Unique aspects of IFN-γ/STAT1 signaling in neurons. Immunol Rev 2022; 311:187-204. [PMID: 35656941 PMCID: PMC10120860 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The IFN-γ/STAT1 immune signaling pathway impacts many homeostatic and pathological aspects of neurons, beyond its canonical role in controlling intracellular pathogens. Well known for its potent pro-inflammatory and anti-viral functions in the periphery, the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway is rapidly activated then deactivated to prevent excessive inflammation; however, neurons utilize unique IFN-γ/STAT1 activation patterns, which may contribute to the non-canonical neuron-specific downstream effects. Though it is now well-established that the immune system interacts and supports the CNS in health and disease, many aspects regarding IFN-γ production in the CNS and how neurons respond to IFN-γ are unclear. Additionally, it is not well understood how the diversity of the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway is regulated in neurons to control homeostatic functions, support immune surveillance, and prevent pathologies. In this review, we discuss the neuron-specific mechanisms and kinetics of IFN-γ/STAT1 activation, the potential sources and entry sites of IFN-γ in the CNS, and the diverse set of homeostatic and pathological effects IFN-γ/STAT1 signaling in neurons has on CNS health and disease. We will also highlight the different contexts and conditions under which IFN-γ-induced STAT1 activation has been studied in neurons, and how various factors might contribute to the vast array of downstream effects observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N. Clark
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren R. Begg
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anthony J. Filiano
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Asgharian P, Tazekand AP, Hosseini K, Forouhandeh H, Ghasemnejad T, Ranjbar M, Hasan M, Kumar M, Beirami SM, Tarhriz V, Soofiyani SR, Kozhamzharova L, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D, Cho WC. Potential mechanisms of quercetin in cancer prevention: focus on cellular and molecular targets. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:257. [PMID: 35971151 PMCID: PMC9380290 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, the cancer-related disease has had a high mortality rate and incidence worldwide, despite clinical advances in cancer treatment. The drugs used for cancer therapy, have high side effects in addition to the high cost. Subsequently, to reduce these side effects, many studies have suggested the use of natural bioactive compounds. Among these, which have recently attracted the attention of many researchers, quercetin has such properties. Quercetin, a plant flavonoid found in fresh fruits, vegetables and citrus fruits, has anti-cancer properties by inhibiting tumor proliferation, invasion, and tumor metastasis. Several studies have demonstrated the anti-cancer mechanism of quercetin, and these mechanisms are controlled through several signalling pathways within the cancer cell. Pathways involved in this process include apoptotic, p53, NF-κB, MAPK, JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. In addition to regulating these pathways, quercetin controls the activity of oncogenic and tumor suppressor ncRNAs. Therefore, in this comprehensive review, we summarized the regulation of these signalling pathways by quercetin. The modulatory role of quercetin in the expression of various miRNAs has also been discussed. Understanding the basic anti-cancer mechanisms of these herbal compounds can help prevent and manage many types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parina Asgharian
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Pirpour Tazekand
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kamran Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Haleh Forouhandeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Ghasemnejad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ranjbar
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Muzaffar Hasan
- Agro Produce Processing Division, ICAR—Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, 462038 India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR—Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019 India
| | - Sohrab Minaei Beirami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Sina Educational, Research, and Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Foroozani M, Holder DH, Deal RB. Histone Variants in the Specialization of Plant Chromatin. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:149-172. [PMID: 35167758 PMCID: PMC9133179 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070221-050044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The basic unit of chromatin, the nucleosome, is an octamer of four core histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) and serves as a fundamental regulatory unit in all DNA-templated processes. The majority of nucleosome assembly occurs during DNA replication when these core histones are produced en masse to accommodate the nascent genome. In addition, there are a number of nonallelic sequence variants of H2A and H3 in particular, known as histone variants, that can be incorporated into nucleosomes in a targeted and replication-independent manner. By virtue of their sequence divergence from the replication-coupled histones, these histone variants can impart unique properties onto the nucleosomes they occupy and thereby influence transcription and epigenetic states, DNA repair, chromosome segregation, and other nuclear processes in ways that profoundly affect plant biology. In this review, we discuss the evolutionary origins of these variants in plants, their known roles in chromatin, and their impacts on plant development and stress responses. We focus on the individual and combined roles of histone variants in transcriptional regulation within euchromatic and heterochromatic genome regions. Finally, we highlight gaps in our understanding of plant variants at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels, and we propose new directions for study in the field of plant histone variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dylan H Holder
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Roger B Deal
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lam UTF, Tan BKY, Poh JJX, Chen ES. Structural and functional specificity of H3K36 methylation. Epigenetics Chromatin 2022; 15:17. [PMID: 35581654 PMCID: PMC9116022 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-022-00446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The methylation of histone H3 at lysine 36 (H3K36me) is essential for maintaining genomic stability. Indeed, this methylation mark is essential for proper transcription, recombination, and DNA damage response. Loss- and gain-of-function mutations in H3K36 methyltransferases are closely linked to human developmental disorders and various cancers. Structural analyses suggest that nucleosomal components such as the linker DNA and a hydrophobic patch constituted by histone H2A and H3 are likely determinants of H3K36 methylation in addition to the histone H3 tail, which encompasses H3K36 and the catalytic SET domain. Interaction of H3K36 methyltransferases with the nucleosome collaborates with regulation of their auto-inhibitory changes fine-tunes the precision of H3K36me in mediating dimethylation by NSD2 and NSD3 as well as trimethylation by Set2/SETD2. The identification of specific structural features and various cis-acting factors that bind to different forms of H3K36me, particularly the di-(H3K36me2) and tri-(H3K36me3) methylated forms of H3K36, have highlighted the intricacy of H3K36me functional significance. Here, we consolidate these findings and offer structural insight to the regulation of H3K36me2 to H3K36me3 conversion. We also discuss the mechanisms that underlie the cooperation between H3K36me and other chromatin modifications (in particular, H3K27me3, H3 acetylation, DNA methylation and N6-methyladenosine in RNAs) in the physiological regulation of the epigenomic functions of chromatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulysses Tsz Fung Lam
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bryan Kok Yan Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Jia Xin Poh
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee Sin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Integrative Sciences & Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang S, Liu M, Li X, Zhang J, Wang F, Zhang C, Roden A, Ryu JH, Warrington KJ, Sun J, Matteson EL, Tschumperlin DJ, Vassallo R. Canonical and noncanonical regulatory roles for JAK2 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22336. [PMID: 35522243 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101436r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) are two fibrotic interstitial lung diseases that share the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) injury pattern. Here, we report that RNA sequencing of lung biopsies from patients with RA-ILD and IPF revealed shared and distinct disease-causing pathways. Analysis of transcriptomic data identified a JAK2 related JAK/STAT signaling pathway gene signature that distinguishes RA-UIP from idiopathic UIP. This was further confirmed by immunohistostaining, which identified JAK2 phosphorylation with two distinct forms of activation: a cytoplasmic form of JAK2 activation in most IPF cases (13/20) and a nuclear form of p-JAK2 in RA-UIP (5/5) and a minority of IPF (6/20) cases. Further immunohistostaining identified STAT5A&B as the downstream transcriptional activator for JAK2-mediated canonical signal transduction and phosphorylation of Tyr41 on histone H3 (H3Y41ph) as the downstream epigenetic regulation site for JAK2-mediated noncanonical signal transduction. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of the RNA-Seq data further supported this shared pathogenic mechanism for the two diseases with the enrichment of STAT5A&B target gene sets as well as the JAK2 regulated H3Y41ph target gene set. This regulatory role of JAK2 in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis was further demonstrated by the attenuation of bleomycin-induced murine pulmonary fibrosis using a JAK2-selective pharmacological inhibitor CEP33779. In vitro studies with normal and IPF derived lung fibroblasts revealed a central role for JAK2 as an essential intermediary molecule in TGF-β-mediated myofibroblast trans-differentiation, proliferation, and extracellular matrix protein production. These observations support a crucial role for JAK2 as an intermediary molecule in fibrotic lung disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mengfei Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Faping Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chujie Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anja Roden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jay H Ryu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kenneth J Warrington
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eric L Matteson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert Vassallo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Karati D, Mahadik KR, Trivedi P, Kumar D. The Emerging Role of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:221-233. [PMID: 35232350 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220301105214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling pathway is activated abnormally, which promotes carcinogenesis. Several cytokines are important cancer drivers. These proteins bind to receptors and use the Janus kinase (JAK) and STAT pathways to communicate their responses. Cancer risks are linked to genetic differences in the JAK-STAT system. JAK inhibitors have shown to reduce STAT initiation, tissue propagation, and cell existence in preclinical investigations in solid tumour cell line models. JAK inhibitors, notably ruxolitinib, a, JAK1 or 2 blockers, make cell lines and mouse models more susceptible to radiotherapy, biological response modifier therapy, and oncolytic viral treatment. Numerous JAK antagonists have been or are now being evaluated in cancerous patients as monotherapy or by combining with other drugs in clinical studies. In preclinical investigations, certain JAK inhibitors showed promise anticancer effects; however, clinical trials explicitly evaluating their effectiveness against the JAK/STAT system in solid tumours have yet to be completed. JAK inhibition is a promising strategy to target the JAK/STAT system in solid tumours, and it deserves to be tested further in clinical studies. The function of directing Janus kinases (JAKs), an upstream accelerator of STATs, as a technique for lowering STAT activity in various malignant circumstances is summarized in this article, which will help scientists to generate more specific drug molecules in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Karati
- Poona college of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be Unoiversity), Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kakasaheb Ramoo Mahadik
- Centre of Innovation and Translational Research, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune 411038, India
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- Centre of Innovation and Translational Research, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune 411038, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Poona college of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be Unoiversity), Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhou P, Chen X, Shi K, Qu H, Xia J. The characteristics, tumorigenicities and therapeutics of cancer stem cells based on circRNAs. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 233:153822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
44
|
The Novel Protease Activities of JMJD5–JMJD6–JMJD7 and Arginine Methylation Activities of Arginine Methyltransferases Are Likely Coupled. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030347. [PMID: 35327545 PMCID: PMC8945206 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The surreptitious discoveries of the protease activities on arginine-methylated targets of a subfamily of Jumonji domain-containing family including JMJD5, JMJD6, and JMJD7 pose several questions regarding their authenticity, function, purpose, and relations with others. At the same time, despite several decades of efforts and massive accumulating data regarding the roles of the arginine methyltransferase family (PRMTs), the exact function of this protein family still remains a mystery, though it seems to play critical roles in transcription regulation, including activation and inactivation of a large group of genes, as well as other biological activities. In this review, we aim to elucidate that the function of JMJD5/6/7 and PRMTs are likely coupled. Besides roles in the regulation of the biogenesis of membrane-less organelles in cells, they are major players in regulating stimulating transcription factors to control the activities of RNA Polymerase II in higher eukaryotes, especially in the animal kingdom. Furthermore, we propose that arginine methylation by PRMTs could be a ubiquitous action marked for destruction after missions by a subfamily of the Jumonji protein family.
Collapse
|
45
|
Bochicchio MT, Di Battista V, Poggio P, Carrà G, Morotti A, Brancaccio M, Lucchesi A. Understanding Aberrant Signaling to Elude Therapy Escape Mechanisms in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040972. [PMID: 35205715 PMCID: PMC8870427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant signaling in myeloproliferative neoplasms may arise from alterations in genes coding for signal transduction proteins or epigenetic regulators. Both mutated and normal cells cooperate, altering fragile balances in bone marrow niches and fueling persistent inflammation through paracrine or systemic signals. Despite the hopes placed in targeted therapies, myeloid proliferative neoplasms remain incurable diseases in patients not eligible for stem cell transplantation. Due to the emergence of drug resistance, patient management is often very difficult in the long term. Unexpected connections among signal transduction pathways highlighted in neoplastic cells suggest new strategies to overcome neoplastic cell adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Bochicchio
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Valeria Di Battista
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Pietro Poggio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Carrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Alessandro Lucchesi
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jurado S, Fedl AS, Jaritz M, Kostanova‐Poliakova D, Malin SG, Mullighan CG, Strehl S, Fischer M, Busslinger M. The PAX5‐JAK2 translocation acts as dual‐hit mutation that promotes aggressive B‐cell leukemia via nuclear STAT5 activation. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108397. [PMID: 35156727 PMCID: PMC8982625 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
While PAX5 is an important tumor suppressor gene in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL), it is also involved in oncogenic translocations coding for diverse PAX5 fusion proteins. PAX5‐JAK2 encodes a protein consisting of the PAX5 DNA‐binding region fused to the constitutively active JAK2 kinase domain. Here, we studied the oncogenic function of the PAX5‐JAK2 fusion protein in a mouse model expressing it from the endogenous Pax5 locus, resulting in inactivation of one of the two Pax5 alleles. Pax5Jak2/+ mice rapidly developed an aggressive B‐ALL in the absence of another cooperating exogenous gene mutation. The DNA‐binding function and kinase activity of Pax5‐Jak2 as well as IL‐7 signaling contributed to leukemia development. Interestingly, all Pax5Jak2/+ tumors lost the remaining wild‐type Pax5 allele, allowing efficient DNA‐binding of Pax5‐Jak2. While we could not find evidence for a nuclear role of Pax5‐Jak2 as an epigenetic regulator, high levels of active phosphorylated STAT5 and increased expression of STAT5 target genes were seen in Pax5Jak2/+ B‐ALL tumors, implying that nuclear Pax5‐Jak2 phosphorylates STAT5. Together, these data reveal Pax5‐Jak2 as an important nuclear driver of leukemogenesis by maintaining phosphorylated STAT5 levels in the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Jurado
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) Vienna Biocenter (VBC) Vienna Austria
| | - Anna S Fedl
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) Vienna Biocenter (VBC) Vienna Austria
| | - Markus Jaritz
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) Vienna Biocenter (VBC) Vienna Austria
| | | | - Stephen G Malin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology Department of Medicine Solna Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Sabine Strehl
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI) Vienna Austria
| | - Maria Fischer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) Vienna Biocenter (VBC) Vienna Austria
| | - Meinrad Busslinger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) Vienna Biocenter (VBC) Vienna Austria
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Oh J, Yeom S, Park J, Lee JS. The regional sequestration of heterochromatin structural proteins is critical to form and maintain silent chromatin. Epigenetics Chromatin 2022; 15:5. [PMID: 35101096 PMCID: PMC8805269 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-022-00435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe are good models for heterochromatin study. In S. pombe, H3K9 methylation and Swi6, an ortholog of mammalian HP1, lead to heterochromatin formation. However, S. cerevisiae does not have known epigenetic silencing markers and instead has Sir proteins to regulate silent chromatin formation. Although S. cerevisiae and S. pombe form and maintain heterochromatin via mechanisms that appear to be fundamentally different, they share important common features in the heterochromatin structural proteins. Heterochromatin loci are localized at the nuclear periphery by binding to perinuclear membrane proteins, thereby producing distinct heterochromatin foci, which sequester heterochromatin structural proteins. In this review, we discuss the nuclear peripheral anchoring of heterochromatin foci and its functional relevance to heterochromatin formation and maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junsoo Oh
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondeahak-gil, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Yeom
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondeahak-gil, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Park
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondeahak-gil, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Shin Lee
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondeahak-gil, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bader MS, Meyer SC. JAK2 in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Still a Protagonist. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020160. [PMID: 35215273 PMCID: PMC8874480 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the activating V617F mutation in Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) has been decisive for the understanding of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Activated JAK2 signaling by JAK2, CALR, and MPL mutations has become a focus for the development of targeted therapies for patients with MPN. JAK2 inhibitors now represent a standard of clinical care for certain forms of MPN and offer important benefits for MPN patients. However, several key aspects remain unsolved regarding the targeted therapy of MPN with JAK2 inhibitors, such as reducing the MPN clone and how to avoid or overcome a loss of response. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the structure and signaling of JAK2 as central elements of MPN pathogenesis and feature benefits and limitations of therapeutic JAK2 targeting in MPN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Christina Meyer
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bartalucci N, Galluzzi L. Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms: From origins to new perspectives. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 366:ix-xx. [PMID: 35153008 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(22)00019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Bartalucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; DENOThe Excellence Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gandhirajan A, Roychowdhury S, Vachharajani V. Sirtuins and Sepsis: Cross Talk between Redox and Epigenetic Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010003. [PMID: 35052507 PMCID: PMC8772830 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are the leading causes of death among hospitalized patients in the US. The immune response in sepsis transitions from a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant hyper-inflammation to an anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective hypo-inflammatory phase. While 1/3rd sepsis-related deaths occur during hyper-, a vast majority of sepsis-mortality occurs during the hypo-inflammation. Hyper-inflammation is cytotoxic for the immune cells and cannot be sustained. As a compensatory mechanism, the immune cells transition from cytotoxic hyper-inflammation to a cytoprotective hypo-inflammation with anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive phase. However, the hypo-inflammation is associated with an inability to clear invading pathogens, leaving the host susceptible to secondary infections. Thus, the maladaptive immune response leads to a marked departure from homeostasis during sepsis-phases. The transition from hyper- to hypo-inflammation occurs via epigenetic programming. Sirtuins, a highly conserved family of histone deacetylators and guardians of homeostasis, are integral to the epigenetic programming in sepsis. Through their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, the sirtuins modulate the immune response in sepsis. We review the role of sirtuins in orchestrating the interplay between the oxidative stress and epigenetic programming during sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anugraha Gandhirajan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.G.); (S.R.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|