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Lazzari CR. Why do repellents repel? CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024:101277. [PMID: 39332619 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Repellents are used by humans and by animals to protect themselves from bites, and they contribute controlling the transmission of vector-borne diseases. There are numerous chemical formulations of both natural and synthetic origins, as well as electronic devices, that are commercially available worldwide alleged to provide personal protection against insect bites. Not all insect repellents are effective enough to provide real protection, nor are they considered safe for humans, animals or the environment. There is an urgent need to find novel, non-toxic and environmentally friendly alternatives. However, current efforts in this direction face a major obstacle: our understanding of how they keep away mosquitoes and other biting arthropods remains incomplete. This is also true for DEET, the 'gold standard' of repellents and the most widely used since its discovery in the 1940s. This article aims to guide the search for new repellents by discussing our current knowledge and future needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio R Lazzari
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261 - University of Tours, France.
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Liu Y, Zhang S, Cao S, Jacquin-Joly E, Zhou Q, Liu Y, Wang G. An odorant receptor mediates the avoidance of Plutella xylostella against parasitoid. BMC Biol 2024; 22:61. [PMID: 38475722 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecosystems are brimming with myriad compounds, including some at very low concentrations that are indispensable for insect survival and reproduction. Screening strategies for identifying active compounds are typically based on bioassay-guided approaches. RESULTS Here, we selected two candidate odorant receptors from a major pest of cruciferous plants-the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella-as targets to screen for active semiochemicals. One of these ORs, PxylOR16, exhibited a specific, sensitive response to heptanal, with both larvae and adult P. xylostella displaying heptanal avoidance behavior. Gene knockout studies based on CRISPR/Cas9 experimentally confirmed that PxylOR16 mediates this avoidance. Intriguingly, rather than being involved in P. xylostella-host plant interaction, we discovered that P. xylostella recognizes heptanal from the cuticular volatiles of the parasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis, possibly to avoid parasitization. CONCLUSIONS Our study thus showcases how the deorphanization of odorant receptors can drive discoveries about their complex functions in mediating insect survival. We also demonstrate that the use of odorant receptors as a screening platform could be efficient in identifying new behavioral regulators for application in pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Song Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UPEC, UniversitéParis Cité, 78026, Versailles, IRD, France
| | - Qiong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
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Titos I, Juginović A, Vaccaro A, Nambara K, Gorelik P, Mazor O, Rogulja D. A gut-secreted peptide suppresses arousability from sleep. Cell 2023; 186:1382-1397.e21. [PMID: 36958331 PMCID: PMC10216829 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Suppressing sensory arousal is critical for sleep, with deeper sleep requiring stronger sensory suppression. The mechanisms that enable sleeping animals to largely ignore their surroundings are not well understood. We show that the responsiveness of sleeping flies and mice to mechanical vibrations is better suppressed when the diet is protein rich. In flies, we describe a signaling pathway through which information about ingested proteins is conveyed from the gut to the brain to help suppress arousability. Higher protein concentration in the gut leads to increased activity of enteroendocrine cells that release the peptide CCHa1. CCHa1 signals to a small group of dopamine neurons in the brain to modulate their activity; the dopaminergic activity regulates the behavioral responsiveness of animals to vibrations. The CCHa1 pathway and dietary proteins do not influence responsiveness to all sensory inputs, showing that during sleep, different information streams can be gated through independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Titos
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alen Juginović
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandra Vaccaro
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Keishi Nambara
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pavel Gorelik
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ofer Mazor
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dragana Rogulja
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Cortese D, Mareco Da Silva MM, de Oliveira GS, Mussury RM, Fernandes MG. Repellency and Reduction of Offspring Emergence Potential of Some Botanical Extracts against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Stored Maize. INSECTS 2022; 13:842. [PMID: 36135543 PMCID: PMC9502627 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Botanical repellents are, usually, considered safe to control Sitophilus zeamais, the main pest of stored maize, as they do not leave toxic residues in food, in addition to having lower costs than chemical insecticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the repellency potential and the reduction of emerged offspring of botanical extracts, of Schinus terebinthifolius, Ludwigia sericea, L. tomentosa, L. nervosa, L. longifolia, and use them as botanical insecticides for S. zeamais. For the repellency test, arenas were set up, containing 50 g of maize kernels exposed to aqueous extract, besides a control treatment. At the center of each arena, 100 insects were released. After 48 h, the proportion of insects in the treated grains was determined. To test the effects of the extracts on insect mating and egg-laying, free-choice and no-choice tests were performed. Insects in both tests remained for ten days for mating and egg-laying. After this period, insects were removed to evaluate the offspring emergence. Sixty days after grain infestation, the number of emerged insects was counted. All selected botanical extracts demonstrated repellent action against S. zeamais, even after 48 h of application. The L. nervosa aqueous extract significantly reduced the emergence of S. zeamais.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaine Cortese
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Highway Dourados-Itahum, km 12, Dourados 79804-970, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matheus Moreno Mareco Da Silva
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Highway Dourados-Itahum, km 12, Dourados 79804-970, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gisele Silva de Oliveira
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Highway Dourados-Itahum, km 12, Dourados 79804-970, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rosilda Mara Mussury
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Highway Dourados-Itahum, km 12, Dourados 79804-970, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Gino Fernandes
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Highway Dourados-Itahum, km 12, Dourados 79804-970, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Yang YL, Kuo HC, Chen KD, Chu CH, Kuo KC, Guo MMH, Chang LS, Huang YH. Combination of Hemoglobin-for-Age Z-Score and Plasma Hepcidin Identified as a Novel Predictor for Kawasaki Disease. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9060913. [PMID: 35740850 PMCID: PMC9222120 DOI: 10.3390/children9060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a febrile coronary vasculitis that affects younger children and includes complications such as coronary artery aneurysm. KD diagnoses are diagnosed based on clinical presentations, a process that still poses a challenge for front-line physicians. In the current study, we developed a novel predictor using the hemoglobin-for-age z-score (HbZ) and plasma hepcidin to differentiate Kawasaki disease (KD) from febrile children (FC). There were 104 FC and 115 KD subjects (89 typical KD; 26 incomplete KD) for this study, and data were collected on the biological parameters of hemoglobin and plasma hepcidin levels. A receiver operating characteristic curve (auROC), multiple logistics regression, and support vector machine analysis were all adopted to develop our prediction condition. We obtained both predictors, HbZ and plasma hepcidin, for distinguishing KD and FC. The auROC of the multivariate logistic regression of both parameters for FC and KD was 0.959 (95% confidence interval = 0.937–0.981), and the sensitivity and specificity were 85.2% and 95.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the auROC for FC and incomplete KD was 0.981, and the sensitivity and specificity were 92.3% and 95.2%, respectively. We further developed a model of support vector machine (SVM) classification with 83.3% sensitivity and 88.0% specificity in the training set, and the blind cohort performed well (78.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity). All data showed that sensitivity and specificity were 81.7% and 91.3%, respectively, by SVM. Overall, our findings demonstrate a novel predictor using a combination of HbZ and plasma hepcidin with a better discriminatory ability for differentiating from WBC and CRP between children with KD and other FC. Using this predictor can assist front-line physicians to recognize and then provide early treatment for KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-C.K.); (K.-C.K.); (M.M.-H.G.); (L.-S.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Den Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chu
- Department of Statistics, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
| | - Kuang-Che Kuo
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-C.K.); (K.-C.K.); (M.M.-H.G.); (L.-S.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Mindy Ming-Huey Guo
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-C.K.); (K.-C.K.); (M.M.-H.G.); (L.-S.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Sai Chang
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-C.K.); (K.-C.K.); (M.M.-H.G.); (L.-S.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsien Huang
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-C.K.); (K.-C.K.); (M.M.-H.G.); (L.-S.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-(7)731-7123 (ext. 8795); Fax: +886-(7)733-8009
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de Pedro L, Sanchez JA. Natural Repellents as a Method of Preventing Ant Damage to Microirrigation Systems. INSECTS 2022; 13:395. [PMID: 35447837 PMCID: PMC9028605 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ants are important because they damage agricultural equipment, including microirrigation systems. The aim of this research was to assess the efficiency of the incorporation of repellents in drip irrigation tubing as a method of protection against ant damage. Unlike previous studies, we tested a series of nontoxic compounds that are repellent to ants. First, we assessed their repellent effects on a local ant species via olfactometer trials. Then, the candidates showing the best results (cinnamon essential oil, p-anisaldehyde and ethyl anthranilate) were incorporated via compounding, injection and extrusion to polyethylene tubing to test their efficiency in the field. Field tests showed high damage levels in the control tubing containing no repellents, presumably caused by up to six different ant species (Cardiocondyla batesii, Plagiolepis pygmaea, P. schmitzii, Solenopsis sp., Tapinoma nigerrimum and Tetramorium semilaeve). In contrast, the pipes containing the three selected compounds remained almost intact, with the treatment including ethyl anthranilate showing no damage at all. These results suggest the strong repellent potential of the selected compounds, even when integrated into plastic, as well as the apparent success of the proposed methodology against the damage caused by ants. The diversity of damage-causing agents that exist in or above the soil strongly encourages further studies to determine the overall efficiency of repellents in protecting irrigation pipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis de Pedro
- Department of Crop Protection, Biological Control and Ecosystem Services, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental, C/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain;
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Wu L, Zhai X, Li L, Li Q, Liu F, Zhao H. Identification and Expression Profile of Chemosensory Genes in the Small Hive Beetle Aethina tumida. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12080661. [PMID: 34442228 PMCID: PMC8396569 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aethina tumida is a parasite and predator of honeybee causing severe loss to the bee industry. No effective and environmentally friendly methods are available to control this pest at present. Chemosensory genes play key roles in insect behavior which can potentially be used as targets for developing environmentally friendly pest control agents. In this study, the putative chemosensory genes in antennae and forelegs of A. tumida involved in olfaction or contact chemical communication of adults were investigated using RNA transcriptome sequencing and PCR methods. Based on transcriptomic data, unigenes encoding 38 odorant receptors (ORs), 24 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 14 gustatory receptors (GRs), 3 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), 29 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), and 22 chemosensory proteins (CSPs) were identified. The analyses of tissue expression profiles revealed that genes encoding 38 ORs, 13 antennal IRs, 11 GRs, 1 SNMP, 24 OBPs, and 12 CSPs were predominately expressed in antennae. No significant differences in expression levels of these genes were found between males and females. Genes encoding 5 non-NMDA iGluRs, 3 GRs, 2 SNMPs, 5 OBPs, and 12 CSPs were predominately expressed in forelegs. RT-PCR assays for SNMPs, OBPs and CSPs further revealed that 3 OBPs (AtumOBP3, 26 and 28) and 3 CSPs (AtumCSP7, 8 and 21) were highly expressed in antennae. Our results enrich the gene inventory of A. tumida and facilitate the discovery of potential novel targets for developing new pest control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China; (L.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Xin Zhai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China; (L.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Liangbin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China; (L.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Q.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China; (L.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Q.L.)
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China; (L.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Q.L.)
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China; (L.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Q.L.)
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (H.Z.)
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Yang X, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Liu J, Jiang D. Multiple insecticide resistance and associated mechanisms to volatile pyrethroid in an Aedes albopictus population collected in southern China. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 174:104823. [PMID: 33838716 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional and volatile pyrethroids are widely used to control the vectors of dengue arboviral diseases, Aedes albopictus in China. The development of resistance to conventional pyrethroids has become an increasing problem, potentially affecting the use of volatile pyrethroid. The Ae. albopictus dimefluthrin-resistant (R) strain by selecting the field population with dimefluthrin were investigated the multiple and cross-resistance levels between conventional and volatile pyrethroids and analyzed both target-site and metabolic resistant mechanisms to dimefluthrin compared with three volatile pyrethroids metofluthrin, meperfluthrin and esbiothrin and type II pyrethroid deltamethrin. The R strain displayed moderate to low resistance to selected pyrethroids (dimefluthrin, metofluthrin, meperfluthrin, esbiothrin and deltamethrin) associated with metabolic enzymes, but less distinctly to selected pyrethroids (dimefluthrin and metofluthrin) associated with a high frequency of sodium channel gene mutation (F1534S). Profiles of the multiple and cross-resistance of the R strain to other three volatile pyrethroids and type II pyrethroid deltamethrin were detected. Both synergistic and enzyme activity studies indicated that multifunctional oxidase (MFO) played an important role in this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yulei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Dingxin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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Wen C, Chen J, He Y, Wang F, Qian C, Wen J, Wen X, Wang C. Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) to an essential balm and its components. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1971-1980. [PMID: 33314506 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An over-the-counter medicine product of China known as essential balm effectively repelled red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren. However, it was not clear which chemical component(s) accounted for the repellency, and whether they would effectively repel S. invicta in the field. RESULTS Five components, eucalyptol, camphor, menthol, methyl salicylate, and eugenol, were identified in essential balm using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Each component elicited concentration-dependent electroantennography (EAG) response. Under field conditions, all components showed repellency against foraging ants. Interestingly, foraging ants managed to access the food items placed on a surface smeared with eucalyptol, camphor, menthol, or methyl salicylate by depositing soil particles on the surface and then walking on soil particles. However, they failed to do so when the surface was smeared with eugenol. Repellency of eugenol lasted for > 24 h, which was much longer than that of the other four components of essential balm and is comparable to that of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), the standard for insect repellants. CONCLUSION Olfactory response of S. invicta to all five components of the essential balm was confirmed. Each component showed repellency against S. invicta workers in the field. However, only eugenol significantly suppressed both foraging and particle-covering behavior within 24 h. The repellent effect of eugenol lasted much longer than the other four components. Particle-covering behavior has been largely ignored in studying fire ant repellants. Our study demonstrated that it is necessary to consider such behaviors in ant repellent bioassays in the future. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovation Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Biological Control of Pests Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - Yinghao He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovation Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovation Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Qian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovation Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junbao Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujun Wen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovation Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cai Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovation Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Repellent Effects of Selected Organic Leaf Extracts of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray and Vernonia lasiopus (O. Hoffman) against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:2718629. [PMID: 33727896 PMCID: PMC7935579 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2718629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sitophilus zeamais infestation is among the major setbacks to sustainable maize farming and availability. It causes an estimated annual loss of 5-10% and 20-30% of the total maize grains loss in the temperate and tropical zones, respectively. Although synthetic pesticides are quick and effective in managing crop pests, their overuse and misuse is discouraged due to their detrimental effects on human and environment. Natural pesticidal products that are extracted from plants are particularly gaining importance as an alternative to synthetic pesticides. They are available, easily biodegraded and have low toxicity to nontarget organisms. Most botanical pesticides act on insects by repelling them away from the crops in the field or in the stores. Therefore, this study aimed to determine repellency potential of organic leaf extracts of Tithonia diversifolia and Vernonia lasiopus on S. zeamais. Materials and methods. The phytochemical profile of T. diversifolia and V. lasiopus was determined using GC-MS. Laboratory-based experiments were carried out using area preference method to assess the efficacy of the extracts against weevils for a test period of 5 h. Six groups of experiments were set up with ten S. zeamais in each test: positive control (Actellic), negative control (solvent only), and four different experimental extract concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100%). Results The results indicated that T. diversifolia and V. lasiopus leaf extracts possess potent repellency effect on weevils. All the extracts simply discouraged S. zeamais from the treated areas recording significantly good levels of repellent activities between 26 and 96%. Furthermore, the GC-MS analysis manifested the presence of bioactive compound in the extracts which are associated with the repellency effects. Conclusion The study scientifically confirms the traditional use of the T. diversifolia and V. lasiopus and provides important platform for further study on the extracts as bioresource of botanical repellent.
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Xu Q, Wu Z, Zeng X, An X. Identification and Expression Profiling of Chemosensory Genes in Hermetia illucens via a Transcriptomic Analysis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:720. [PMID: 32655421 PMCID: PMC7325966 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, is a cosmopolitan insect of the family Stratiomyidae (Diptera). Chemosensory genes encode proteins involved directly in the detection of odorants. In this study, we sequenced the antennal transcriptome of H. illucens adults to identify chemosensory genes. Putative unigenes encoding 27 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), five chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 70 odorant receptors (ORs), 25 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 10 gustatory receptors (GRs) and two sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) were identified. Tissue-specific expression profiles of the identified OBPs, CSPs and SNMPs were investigated using RT-PCR. Eight OBPs (HillOBP1-2, 9, 11-14, and 17), one CSP (HillCSP5) and one SNMP (HillSNMP1) were predominantly expressed in antennae. Further real-time quantitative PCR analyses revealed that the antennae-enriched unigenes also exhibited significant differences in expression between males and females. Among the sex-biased unigenes, six ORs showed female-biased expression, suggesting that these genes might participate in female-specific behaviors such as oviposition site searching. Sixteen ORs and two OBPs showed male-biased expression, indicating that they may play key roles in the detection of female sex pheromones. Our study is the first attempt to delineate the molecular basis of chemoreception in H. illucens. Our data provide useful information for comparative studies on the differentiation and evolution of Dipteran chemosensory gene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun Xu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongzhen Wu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinnian Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xincheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China
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Grison C, Carrasco D, Pelissier F, Moderc A. Reflexion on Bio-Sourced Mosquito Repellents: Nature, Activity, and Preparation. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Gao X, Wang X, Li J, Ai S, Fu X, Fan B, Li W, Liu Z. Aquatic life criteria derivation and ecological risk assessment of DEET in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109881. [PMID: 31704324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) is the most widely used active ingredient in commercial insect repellents. In addition to its adverse effects in insects, DEET can affect non-target organisms in surface water systems. Nevertheless, the aquatic life criteria of DEET are not available. This study conducted both acute and chronic toxicity tests on DEET in native Chinese aquatic species, and derived its criterion maximum concentration (CMC) and criterion continuous concentration (CCC). The determined CMC and CCC of DEET were 21.53 and 0.52 mg/L, respectively. The toxicity data indicated that DEET exposure posed a higher toxicity to some algae than other aquatic species. Compared with other insect repellents, DEET exposure posed a moderate toxicity to aquatic species. Therefore, the exposure concentration of DEET in Chinese surface water was collected to assess the potential ecological risk. The preliminary ecological risk assessment showed that DEET posed negligible risk to aquatic ecosystems in China. However, considering its toxic effects on the growth and reproduction to aquatic organisms, the ecological risk posed by DEET is worth further concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Shunhao Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Xiaolin Fu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Bo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Devi MA, Sahoo D, Singh TB, Rajashekar Y. Toxicity, repellency and chemical composition of essential oils from Cymbopogon species against red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J Verbrauch Lebensm 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-019-01264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Adesina JM, Raghavendra A, Rajashekar Y, Ofuya TI. Potential use of Clerodendrum capitatum extracts and its formulation for control of three major stored product beetles. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Insecticidal activity of Clerodendrum capitatum extracts against the stored product insect pest, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) were investigated.
Materials and Methods
Hundred grams of C. capitatum powder was sequentially extracted with a series of solvents of increasing polarity in a Soxhlet apparatus and the extracts were concentrated on rotary evaporator to make it solvent free and the residue dissolved in a known volume of methanol and the solution was assayed for insecticidal activity by the fumigant toxicity. Hexane extract which showed maximum activity was selected for the preparation of herbal formulation and for its insecticidal properties and phytotoxicity. The herbal formulation obtained from leaves of C. capitatum was investigated by GCMS and GC/FID.
Results
Clerodendrum capitatum ethyl extract had a very strong repellent activity to adults of all three major stored grain insects and was significantly repellent at a 1.58 mg/cm2. The hexane extract (oil) had high fumigant activity with LC50 values in the range between 25 and 32 µg/L. A total of 14 components representing 97.8% of the formulation were identified and the main compounds in the formulation were found to be 2-Heptanone, 3-methyl (33.9 %) and Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (25.3%) followed by 3-Dodecen-1-al (10.2%) and 8-Methyl-1-undecene (4.9%). Further, herbal formulation was found to be highly toxic to mixed age cultures of all three major stored grain insect pests which recorded 80%–90% mortality at dose of 200 µg/L in 24 h exposure, where as 100% mortality achieved at dose of 200 µg/L in 72 h exposure, respectively.
Conclusion
The results indicate that extracts and formulation of C. capitatum has the potential to be developed in to a natural insecticide or repellent for controlling of stored product beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobs Mobolade Adesina
- Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria
- Insect Resources Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal
| | - Anjanappa Raghavendra
- Division of Insect Ecology, National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore, India
| | - Yallappa Rajashekar
- Insect Resources Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal
| | - Thomas Inomisan Ofuya
- Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Cui Y, Kang C, Wu Z, Lin J. Identification and Expression Analyses of Olfactory Gene Families in the Rice Grasshopper, Oxya chinensis, From Antennal Transcriptomes. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1223. [PMID: 31616318 PMCID: PMC6775195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rice grasshopper Oxya chinensis is an important agricultural pest of rice and other gramineous plants. Chemosensory genes are crucial factors in direct interactions with odorants in the olfactory process. Here we identified genes encoding 18 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 13 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 94 olfactory receptors (ORs), 12 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and two sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) from O. chinensis using an transcriptomic approach. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR assays revealed that six OBP-encoding genes (OchiOBP4, 5, 8, 9, 10, and 14), one CSP gene (OchiOBP10) and two IR genes (OchiIR28 and 29) were exclusively expressed in antennae, suggesting their roles in olfaction. Real-time quantitative PCR analyses revealed that genes expressed exclusively or predominantly in antennae also displayed significant differences in expression levels between males and females. Among the differentially expressed genes, 17 OR-encoding genes, one CSP- and one SNMP-gene showed female-biased expression, suggesting that they may be involved in some female-specific behaviors such as seeking oviposition site; whereas the three remaining OR-encoding genes showed male-biased expression, indicating their possible roles in sensing female sex pheromones. Our results laid a solid foundation for future studies to reveal olfactory mechanisms as well as designing strategies for controlling this rice pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cui
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Kang
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongzhen Wu
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintian Lin
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Li SC, Huang LH, Chien KJ, Pan CY, Lin PH, Lin Y, Weng KP, Tsai KW. MiR-182-5p enhances in vitro neutrophil infiltration in Kawasaki disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e990. [PMID: 31605468 PMCID: PMC6900372 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kawasaki disease (KD) patients could develop coronary artery lesion (CAL) which threatens children's life. A previous study identified KD biomarker miRNAs that could discriminate KD patients from febrile non‐KD patients. We wonder whether these KD prediction biomarkers could be further applied to predict CAL formation in KD patients. Methods To examine this hypothesis, we conducted a meta‐analysis, miRNA mimic transfection, in vitro cell model and microarray assays. Results We first showed that miR‐182‐5p and miR‐183‐5p kept higher levels in the KD patients with CAL than those without CAL (p < .05). Further machine learning alignment confirmed that CAL formation could be predicted, with an auROC value of 0.86. We further treated neutrophil cells with miR‐182‐5p mimic, followed by in vitro transendotherial migration assay. As a result, miR‐182‐5p overexpression significantly (p < .05) enhanced neutrophil cells to infiltrate the endothelial layer composed of human coronary artery endothelium cells. Further microarray assay and pathway enrichment analysis showed that the genes activated with miR‐182‐5p overexpression were significantly enriched in the leukocyte transendothelial migration pathway (kegg_pathway_194, p < .05). Conclusion Therefore, our study suggested that miR‐182‐5p enhanced in vitro leukocyte infiltration by activating the leukocyte transendothelial migration pathway in CAL formation in KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chou Li
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Hung Huang
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Jen Chien
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica and Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsien Lin
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuyu Lin
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Pen Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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18
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Zhou LY, Li W, Liu HY, Xiang F, Kang YK, Yin X, Huang AP, Wang YJ. Systemic identification and analyses of genes potentially involved in chemosensory in the devastating tea pest Basilepta melanopus. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 31:100586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Zhao HX, Xiao WY, Ji CH, Ren Q, Xia XS, Zhang XF, Huang WZ. Candidate chemosensory genes identified from the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, through a transcriptomic analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10032. [PMID: 31296896 PMCID: PMC6624281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Galleriinae), is a ubiquitous pest of the honeybee, and poses a serious threat to the global honeybee industry. G. mellonella pheromone system is unusual compared to other lepidopterans and provides a unique olfactory model for pheromone perception. To better understand the olfactory mechanisms in G. mellonella, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis on the antennae of both male and female adults of G. mellonella using high-throughput sequencing and annotated gene families potentially involved in chemoreception. We annotated 46 unigenes coding for odorant receptors, 25 for ionotropic receptors, two for sensory neuron membrane proteins, 22 for odorant binding proteins and 20 for chemosensory proteins. Expressed primarily in antennae were all the 46 odorant receptor unigenes, nine of the 14 ionotropic receptor unigenes, and two of the 22 unigenes coding for odorant binding proteins, suggesting their putative roles in olfaction. The expression of some of the identified unigenes were sex-specific, suggesting that they may have important functions in the reproductive behavior of the insect. Identification of the candidate unigenes and initial analyses on their expression profiles should facilitate functional studies in the future on chemoreception mechanisms in this species and related lepidopteran moths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China
| | - Wan-Yu Xiao
- Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510308, PR China
| | - Cong-Hui Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China
| | - Qin Ren
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, 402460, PR China
| | - Xiao-Shan Xia
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China.
| | - Wen-Zhong Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China.
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20
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Little CM, Chapman TW, Hillier NK. Considerations for Insect Learning in Integrated Pest Management. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:6. [PMID: 31313814 PMCID: PMC6635889 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The past 100 yr have seen dramatic philosophical shifts in our approach to controlling or managing pest species. The introduction of integrated pest management in the 1970s resulted in the incorporation of biological and behavioral approaches to preserve ecosystems and reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. Increased understanding of the local ecosystem, including its structure and the biology of its species, can improve efficacy of integrated pest management strategies. Pest management strategies incorporating insect learning paradigms to control insect pests or to use insects to control other pests can mediate risk to nontarget insects, including pollinators. Although our understanding of insect learning is in its early stages, efforts to integrate insect learning into pest management strategies have been promising. Due to considerable differences in cognitive abilities among insect species, a case-by-case assessment is needed for each potential application of insect learning within a pest management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Little
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Thomas W Chapman
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - N Kirk Hillier
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
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Deletre E, Martin T, Duménil C, Chandre F. Insecticide resistance modifies mosquito response to DEET and natural repellents. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:89. [PMID: 30867033 PMCID: PMC6417241 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae has led to the search for not only alternative insecticides, but also repellent chemical compounds. However, little is known about the potential actions of repellents and the cross-resistance risk between insecticide and repellent compounds. Methods Here we show the action of permethrin, DEET, geraniol, carvacrol, culminaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde against three A. gambiae strains: ‘Kis’ (Kisumu susceptible strain), ‘KdrKis’ (pyrethroid resistant strain) and ‘AcerKis’ (organophosphate resistant strain), the last two differing from the first by a mutation on the kdr and ace1 genes, respectively. Conclusions Results from the DEET assays show it induced repellency for the resistant KdrKis and AcerKis strains but maintained irritancy for the susceptible strain. More generally, we show resistance genes modify the behavior of An. gambiae, increasing or decreasing the effectiveness of DEET and natural compounds, depending on the mutation. These findings offer a new avenue for research on the target and mechanism of repellent compounds. We discuss these findings in the context of vector control strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3343-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Deletre
- Cirad - Montpellier University - UPR Hortsys, Montpellier, France. .,International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Thibaud Martin
- Cirad - Montpellier University - UPR Hortsys, Montpellier, France.,International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Claire Duménil
- Cirad - Montpellier University - UPR Hortsys, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Chandre
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD-CNRS-Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
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Chen S, Chen H, Xu Y. Safe chemical repellents to prevent the spread of invasive ants. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:821-827. [PMID: 30141233 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, is one of the most dangerous invasive species in the world. Fire ants can spread by hiding among plant material and soil that are transported from infested areas in vehicles and vessels. Therefore, efficient repellents may be used to prevent fire ants from infesting transported goods. Although some fire ant repellants have been identified, novel, cost-effective and environmentally friendly materials for fire ant control are still needed. Recent studies with other model insects have suggested readily available, non-toxic alternatives (e.g., anthranilates) to commercial repellents. RESULTS We measured the repellent effects of the food additives ethyl anthranilate and butyl anthranilate against nesting by fire ant workers, and the results demonstrated that extremely low concentrations of these compounds can prevent fire ant nesting in pots. The tested compounds remained active at concentrations < 100 µL/L, which is many times lower than the minimum active concentration of any other proposed compound, including the established insect repellent N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET). CONCLUSION These inexpensive chemicals are safely used by the food and cosmetics industries, and their high efficiency differentiates them as the most promising chemicals for use in preventing the spread of fire ants; thus, these chemicals should be evaluated for further potential applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Chen
- Red Imported Fire Ant Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Red Imported Fire Ant Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijuan Xu
- Red Imported Fire Ant Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Molecular evidence for the inhibition of cytochrome p450s and cholinesterases in ticks by the repellent DEET. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:515-522. [PMID: 30612950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
For more than 50 years DEET (N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide) has been considered the gold standard of repellents. It is applied to the skin or clothing to deter mosquitoes and other blood-sucking invertebrate pests from approaching and/or settling, and ultimately it provides temporary protection from bites. Despite rampant global use, surprisingly little is understood about DEET's mode of action and the molecular targets of the active ingredient. Furthermore, the theories into its mechanism for repellency are largely based off fruit fly and mosquito research. Since ticks possess a unique sensory structure, the Haller's organ, the specific genes and pathways associated with DEET avoidance may differ from insects. In these studies, we collected American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) from four natural populations within Manitoba, Canada. We first carried out behavior assays, which showed DEET effectively repelled the ticks. RNA sequencing revealed that DEET caused a rapid and substantial reduction in the abundance of transcripts encoding cytochrome P450 and acetylcholinesterase genes, which gradually recovered over the 24 h time course. Finally, enzymatic kinetics provided functional support for DEET's role as an effective inhibitor of P450 s. While many facets of its mode of action remain to be worked out, our study provides valuable insights into the molecular underpinnings of DEET's repellence in ticks.
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Adenubi OT, Ahmed AS, Fasina FO, McGaw LJ, Eloff JN, Naidoo V. Pesticidal plants as a possible alternative to synthetic acaricides in tick control: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
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Liu H, Liu L, Cheng P, Huang X, Gong M. An odorant receptor from Anopheles sinensis in China is sensitive to oviposition attractants. Malar J 2018; 17:348. [PMID: 30290802 PMCID: PMC6173891 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anopheles sinensis is an important vector for the spread of malaria in China. Olfactory-related behaviours, particularly oviposition site seeking, offer opportunities for disrupting the disease-transmission process. Results This is the first report of the identification and characterization of AsinOrco and AsinOR10 in An. sinensis. AsinOrco and AsinOR10 share 97.49% and 90.37% amino acid sequence identity, respectively, with related sequences in Anopheles gambiae. A functional analysis demonstrated that AsinOrco- and AsinOR10-coexpressing HEK293 cells were highly sensitive to 3-methylindole, but showed no significant differences in response to other test odorants when compared to DMSO. Conclusions AsinOrco was characterized as a new member of the Orco ortholog subfamily. AsinOR10, which appears to be a member of the OR2-10 subfamily, is directly involved in identification of oviposition sites. This finding will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying olfactory signaling in An. sinensis and provide many more molecular targets for eco-friendly pest control. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2501-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- Department of Medical Entomology, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luhong Liu
- Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, 272033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Medical Entomology, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Department of Medical Entomology, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoqing Gong
- Department of Medical Entomology, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Thireou T, Kythreoti G, Tsitsanou KE, Koussis K, Drakou CE, Kinnersley J, Kröber T, Guerin PM, Zhou JJ, Iatrou K, Eliopoulos E, Zographos SE. Identification of novel bioinspired synthetic mosquito repellents by combined ligand-based screening and OBP-structure-based molecular docking. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 98:48-61. [PMID: 29751047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work we report a fast and efficient virtual screening protocol for discovery of novel bioinspired synthetic mosquito repellents with lower volatility and, in all likelihood, increased protection time as compared with their plant-derived parental compounds. Our screening protocol comprises two filtering steps. The first filter is based on the shape and chemical similarity to known plant-derived repellents, whereas the second filter is based on the predicted similarity of the ligand's binding mode to the Anopheles gambiae odorant binding protein (AgamOBP1) relative to that of DEET and Icaridin to the same OBP. Using this protocol, a chemical library containing 42,755 synthetic molecules was screened in silico and sixteen selected compounds were tested for their affinity to AgamOBP1 in vitro and repellence against A. gambiae female mosquitoes using a warm-body repellent assay. One of them showed DEET-like repellence (91%) but with significantly lower volatility (2.84 × 10-6 mmHg) than either DEET (1.35 × 10-3 mmHg) or its parental cuminic acid (3.08 × 10-3 mmHg), and four other compounds were found to exhibit repellent indices between 69 and 79%. Overall, a correlation was not evident between repellence and OBP-binding strength. In contrast, a correlation between binding mode and repellence was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trias Thireou
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Kythreoti
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina E Tsitsanou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Koussis
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina E Drakou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Julie Kinnersley
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Thomas Kröber
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Neuchâtel, rue Emile-Argand, 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M Guerin
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Neuchâtel, rue Emile-Argand, 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Kostas Iatrou
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Eliopoulos
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros E Zographos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
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Shared weapons in fungus-fungus and fungus-plant interactions? Volatile organic compounds of plant or fungal origin exert direct antifungal activity in vitro. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Huang YH, Kuo HC, Li SC, Cai XY, Liu SF, Kuo HC. HAMP promoter hypomethylation and increased hepcidin levels as biomarkers for Kawasaki disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 117:82-87. [PMID: 29501389 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common coronary vasculitis to appear in children with anemia and has been associated with elevated plasma hepcidin levels. We recruited a total of 241 cases, including 18 KD patients, who were tested both prior to receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and at least 3 weeks after IVIG treatment, and 18 febrile controls, who were observed in the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip study for their CpG markers. The remaining cases consisted of another 92 KD patients and 113 controls that were used for validation by pyrosequencing. We performed a genetic functional study using Luciferase assays. A support vector machine (SVM) classification model was adopted to identify KD patients and control subjects. In this study, KD patients clearly demonstrated a significantly epigenetic hypomethylation of HAMP promoter compared to controls. After receiving IVIG treatment, the hypomethylation status in KD patients was restored, and we observed a significant opposite tendency between the DNA methylation of target CpG sites (cg23677000 and cg04085447) and the hepcidin level. Furthermore, reporter gene assays were used to detect target CpG sites, the methylation of which displayed decreased levels of HAMP gene expression. Of particular note, we developed a SVM classification model with a 90.9% sensitivity, a 91.9% specificity, and 0.94 auROC in the training set. An independent blind cohort also had good performance (96.1% sensitivity and 89.7% specificity). In this study, we demonstrate HAMP promoter hypomethylation, which upregulates hepcidin expression in KD patients. Furthermore, the reliability and robustness of our SVM classification model can accurately serve as KD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsien Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chun Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chou Li
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Yuan Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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29
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Elucidating the Neuronal Architecture of Olfactory Glomeruli in the Drosophila Antennal Lobe. Cell Rep 2018; 16:3401-3413. [PMID: 27653699 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory glomeruli are morphologically conserved spherical compartments of the olfactory system, distinguishable solely by their chemosensory repertoire, anatomical position, and volume. Little is known, however, about their numerical neuronal composition. We therefore characterized their neuronal architecture and correlated these anatomical features with their functional properties in Drosophila melanogaster. We quantitatively mapped all olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) innervating each glomerulus, including sexually dimorphic distributions. Our data reveal the impact of OSN number on glomerular dimensions and demonstrate yet unknown sex-specific differences in several glomeruli. Moreover, we quantified uniglomerular projection neurons for each glomerulus, which unraveled a glomerulus-specific numerical innervation. Correlation between morphological features and functional specificity showed that glomeruli innervated by narrowly tuned OSNs seem to possess a larger number of projection neurons and are involved in less lateral processing than glomeruli targeted by broadly tuned OSNs. Our study demonstrates that the neuronal architecture of each glomerulus encoding crucial odors is unique.
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30
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Enabling the hypothesis-driven prioritization of ligand candidates in big databases: Screenlamp and its application to GPCR inhibitor discovery for invasive species control. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2018; 32:415-433. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-018-0100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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31
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Zhang S, Tan Z, Xiong B, Jiang HF, Zhang M. Transition-metal-catalyst-free synthesis of anthranilic acid derivatives by transfer hydrogenative coupling of 2-nitroaryl methanols with alcohols/amines. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:531-535. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02919e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A transition metal catalyst-free synthesis of anthranilic acid derivatives, featuring operational simplicity, broad substrate scope, good functional tolerance, high step efficiency, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- and Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
| | - Zhenda Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- and Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
| | - Biao Xiong
- School of Pharmacy
- Nantong University
- Nantong
- China
| | - Huan Feng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- and Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- and Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
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32
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Protection against mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus using a novel insect repellent, ethyl anthranilate. Acta Trop 2017; 174:56-63. [PMID: 28666890 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Growing concern on the application of synthetic mosquito repellents in the recent years has instigated the identification and development of better alternatives to control different mosquito-borne diseases. In view of above, present investigation evaluates the repellent activity of ethyl anthranilate (EA), a non-toxic, FDA approved volatile food additive against three known mosquito vectors namely, Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus under laboratory conditions following standard protocols. Three concentration levels (2%, 5% and 10% w/v) of EA were tested against all the three selected mosquito species employing K & D module and arm-in-cage method to determine the effective dose (ED50) and complete protection time (CPT), respectively. The repellent activity of EA was further investigated by modified arm-in-cage method to determine the protection over extended spatial ranges against all mosquito species. All behavioural situations were compared with the well-documented repellent N,N-diethylphenyl acetamide (DEPA) as a positive control. The findings demonstrated that EA exhibited significant repellent activity against all the three mosquitoes species. The ED50 values of EA, against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus were found to be 0.96%, 5.4% and 3.6% w/v, respectively. At the concentration of 10% w/v, it provided CPTs of 60, 60 and 30min, respectively, against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. Again in spatial repellency evaluation, EA was found to be extremely effective in repelling all the three tested species of mosquitoes. Ethyl anthranilate provided comparable results to standard repellent DEPA during the study. Results have concluded that the currently evaluated chemical, EA has potential repellent activity against some well established mosquito vectors. The study emphasizes that repellent activity of EA could be exploited for developing effective, eco-friendly, acceptable and safer alternative to the existing harmful repellents for personal protection against different hematophagous mosquito species.
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33
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Antennal transcriptome and expression analyses of olfactory genes in the sweetpotato weevil Cylas formicarius. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11073. [PMID: 28894232 PMCID: PMC5593998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius), is a serious pest of sweetpotato. Olfaction-based approaches, such as use of synthetic sex pheromones to monitor populations and the bait-and-kill method to eliminate males, have been applied successfully for population management of C. formicarius. However, the molecular basis of olfaction in C. formicarius remains unknown. In this study, we produced antennal transcriptomes from males and females of C. formicarius using high-throughput sequencing to identify gene families associated with odorant detection. A total of 54 odorant receptors (ORs), 11 gustatory receptors (GRs), 15 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 3 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), 33 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), and 12 chemosensory proteins (CSPs) were identified. Tissue-specific expression patterns revealed that all 54 ORs and 11 antennal IRs, one SNMP, and three OBPs were primarily expressed in antennae, suggesting their putative roles in olfaction. Sex-specific expression patterns of these antenna-predominant genes suggest that they have potential functions in sexual behaviors. This study provides a framework for understanding olfaction in coleopterans as well as future strategies for controlling the sweetpotato weevil pest.
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34
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Islam J, Zaman K, Chakrabarti S, Sharma Bora N, Mandal S, Pratim Pathak M, Srinivas Raju P, Chattopadhyay P. Validated RP-HPLC/DAD Method for the Quantification of Insect Repellent Ethyl 2-Aminobenzoate in Membrane-Moderated Matrix Type Monolithic Polymeric Device. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 55:645-653. [PMID: 28334923 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A simple, accurate and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the estimation of ethyl 2-aminobenzoate (EAB) in a matrix type monolithic polymeric device and validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The analysis was performed isocratically on a ZORBAX Eclipse plus C18 analytical column (250 × 4.4 mm, 5 μm) and a diode array detector (DAD) using acetonitrile and water (75:25 v/v) as the mobile phase by keeping the flow-rate constant at 1.0 mL/min. Determination of EAB was not interfered in the presence of excipients. Inter- and intra-day relative standard deviations were not higher than 2%. Mean recovery was between 98.7 and 101.3%. Calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 0.5-10 µg/mL. Limits of detection and quantification were 0.19 and 0.60 µg/mL, respectively. Thus, the present report put forward a novel method for the estimation of EAB, an emerging insect repellent, by using RP-HPLC technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johirul Islam
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam 784001, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India
| | - Kamaruz Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India
| | - Srijita Chakrabarti
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam 784001, India
| | - Nilutpal Sharma Bora
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam 784001, India
| | - Santa Mandal
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam 784001, India
| | - Manash Pratim Pathak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam 784001, India
| | | | - Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam 784001, India
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35
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Wu ZZ, Qu MQ, Pu XH, Cui Y, Xiao WY, Zhao HX, Bin SY, Lin JT. Transcriptome sequencing of Tessaratoma papillosa antennae to identify and analyze expression patterns of putative olfaction genes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3070. [PMID: 28596537 PMCID: PMC5465196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on insect olfaction have increased our understanding of insect's chemosensory system and chemical ecology, and have improved pest control strategies based on insect behavior. In this study, we assembled the antennal transcriptomes of the lychee giant stink bug, Tessaratoma papillosa, by using next generation sequencing to identify the major olfaction gene families in this species. In total, 59 odorant receptors, 14 ionotropic receptors (8 antennal IRs), and 33 odorant binding proteins (28 classic OBPs and 5 plus-C OBPs) were identified from the male and female antennal transcriptomes. Analyses of tissue expression profiles revealed that all 59 OR transcripts, 2 of the 8 antennal IRs, and 6 of the 33 OBPs were primarily expressed in the antennae, suggesting their putative role in olfaction. The sex-biased expression patterns of these antenna-predominant genes suggested that they may have important functions in the reproductive behavior of these insects. This is the first report that provides a comprehensive resource to future studies on olfaction in the lychee giant stink bug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Zhen Wu
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, 314 Yingdong teaching building, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Qiu Qu
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, 314 Yingdong teaching building, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Pu
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, 314 Yingdong teaching building, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cui
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, 314 Yingdong teaching building, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Yu Xiao
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, 314 Yingdong teaching building, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhao
- Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ying Bin
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, 314 Yingdong teaching building, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Tian Lin
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, 314 Yingdong teaching building, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P. R. China.
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Komisarczuk AZ, Grotmol S, Nilsen F. Ionotropic receptors signal host recognition in the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis, Copepoda). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178812. [PMID: 28582411 PMCID: PMC5459451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A remarkable feature of many parasites is a high degree of host specificity but the mechanisms behind are poorly understood. A major challenge for parasites is to identify and infect a suitable host. Many species show a high degree of host specificity, being able to survive only on one or a few related host species. To facilitate transmission, parasite's behavior and reproduction has been fine tuned to maximize the likelihood of infection of a suitable host. For some species chemical cues that trigger or attract the parasite in question have been identified but how metazoan parasites themselves receive these signals remains unknown. In the present study we show that ionotropic receptors (IRs) in the salmon louse are likely responsible for identification of a specific host. By using RNAi to knock down the expression level of different co-receptors, a significant change of infectivity and settlement of lice larvae was achieved on Atlantic salmon. More remarkably, knock down of the IRs changed the host specificity of the salmon louse and lice larvae settled at a significant rate on host that the wild type lice rejected within minutes. To our knowledge, this has never before been demonstrated for any metazoan parasite. Our results show that the parasites are able to identify the host quickly upon settlement, settle and initiate the parasitic life style if they are on the right host. This novel discovery opens up for utilizing the host recognition system for future parasite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Z. Komisarczuk
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Sindre Grotmol
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Nilsen
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Smetanina OF, Yurchenko AN, Ivanets EV, Gerasimenko AV, Trinh PTH, Ly BM, Nhut ND, Van TTT, Yurchenko EA, Afiyatullov SS. Aromatic Metabolites of Marine Fungus Penicillium sp. KMM 4672 Associated with a Brown Alga Padina sp. Chem Nat Compd 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-017-2064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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38
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Liu Z, Wang X, Lei C, Zhu F. Sensory genes identification with head transcriptome of the migratory armyworm, Mythimna separata. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46033. [PMID: 28387246 PMCID: PMC5384095 DOI: 10.1038/srep46033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory system plays important roles in a wide array of insect’s behavior and physiological events, including the host landing and locating, feeding, flying, sex responding, mating and oviposition which happen independently and in sequence. The armyworm Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of migratory insect is destructive for alimentarn crop and economic crop throughout the world. Here we present the high throughput sequencing of the head transcriptome and identify members of the major sensory genes which are crucial for armyworm’s success worldwide, including 8 opsins, 22 chemosensory proteins, 50 odorant binding proteins, 60 odorant receptors, 8 gustatory receptors, 24 ionotropic receptors, and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins. It is worth noting that a duplication of the LW opsin gene exists in this insect. Several genes were clustered with functionally validated genes, such as Co-receptors of OR and IR, PBPs, PRs, CO2 GRs, bitter GRs and sweet GRs, were also identified. The transcriptome gene library provided the basis for further studies that elucidate the fundamental molecular mechanism of biology and control in M. separata. Our research exhibits the first comprehensive catalogue of the sensory genes fundamental for success and distribution in M. separata, which are potential novel targets for pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Liu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chaoliang Lei
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fen Zhu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Heng S, Sluydts V, Durnez L, Mean V, Polo K, Tho S, Coosemans M, van Griensven J. Safety of a topical insect repellent (picaridin) during community mass use for malaria control in rural Cambodia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172566. [PMID: 28339462 PMCID: PMC5365103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While community distribution of topical repellents has been proposed as an additional malaria control intervention, the safety of this intervention at the population level remains poorly evaluated. We describe the safety of mass distribution of the picaridin repellent during a cluster-randomised trial in rural Cambodia in 2012-2013. METHODS The repellent was distributed among 57 intervention villages with around 25,000 inhabitants by a team of village distributors. Information on individual adverse events, reported by phone by the village distributors, was obtained through home visits. Information on perceived side effects, reported at the family level, was obtained during two-weekly bottle exchange. Adverse events were classified as adverse reactions (events likely linked to the repellent), cases of repellent abuse and events not related to the repellent use, and classified as per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. FINDINGS Of the 41 adverse events notified by phone by the village distributors, there were 22 adverse reactions, 11 cases of repellent abuse (6 accidental, 5 suicide attempts) and 8 non-related events. All adverse reactions were mild, occurred in the first few months of use, and mainly manifested as skin conditions. Of the 11 cases of abuse, 2 were moderate and 2 life-threatening. All cases with adverse reactions and repellent abuse recovered completely. 20% of families reported perceived side effects, mainly itching, headache, dizziness and bad smell, but few discontinued repellent use. CONCLUSIONS Adverse reactions and abuse during mass use of picaridin were uncommon and generally mild, supporting the safety of the picaridin repellent for malaria control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somony Heng
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent Sluydts
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lies Durnez
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vanna Mean
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Koh Polo
- Banlong Referral Hospital, Ban Lung City, Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia
| | - Sochantha Tho
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Marc Coosemans
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
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Islam J, Zaman K, Duarah S, Raju PS, Chattopadhyay P. Mosquito repellents: An insight into the chronological perspectives and novel discoveries. Acta Trop 2017; 167:216-230. [PMID: 28040483 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito being the major medically important arthropod vector; requires utmost attention to reduce the sufferings and economic consequences of those living in the endemic regions. This is only possible by minimising the human-mosquito contact by an absolute preventing measure. However, unfortunately, such absolute measures are yet to be developed despite enormous efforts and huge investments worldwide. In the absence of vaccines for number of mosquito-borne diseases, repellents could be an attractive option for both military personal and civilians to minimise the risk of contacting different mosquito-borne diseases. However, to achieve this golden goal, the detailed knowledge of a particular repellent is must, including its mode of repellency and other relevant informations. Here, in the present article, an effort has been made to convey the best and latest information on repellents in order to enhance the knowledge of scientific community. The review offers an overview on mosquito repellents, the novel discoveries, and areas in need of attention such as novel repellent formulations and their future prospective.
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Andersson MN, Newcomb RD. Pest Control Compounds Targeting Insect Chemoreceptors: Another Silent Spring? Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Alzogaray RA, Zerba EN. Rhodnius prolixus intoxicated. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 97:93-113. [PMID: 27113321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is a hematophagous insect native from South America. By the end of the 20th century, it was one of the main vectors of Chagas disease in Venezuela, Colombia, several Central American countries and southern Mexico. The aim of the present article is to review the literature regarding R. prolixus toxicology. British entomologist Vincent B. Wigglesworth carried out the first studies on this subject over seventy years ago. A wide bibliographical search allowed to locate one hundred and thirty scientific articles describing the effects of different insecticides on R. prolixus. About one-third of these articles report the acute toxicity and/or sublethal effects produced by the main synthetic neurotoxic families of insecticides (organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids). Only a couple of these studies have regarded the toxicokinetics or toxicodynamics of these insecticides. Insect growth or development disruptors, such as juvenoids, chitin synthesis inhibitors, precocenes, azadirachtin and lignoids, have been thoroughly studied in R. prolixus. Important aspects on the mode of action of ureases were also described in this species. By the end of the 1960's, resistance to insecticides was detected in R. prolixus from Venezuela. Some years later, the existence of pyrethroid-resistant individuals was also reported. Control programmes for R. prolixus in countries where Chagas is endemic have only used synthetic neurotoxic insecticides. In 2011, Central America and southern Mexico were declared free of this insect. The recent sequencing of the R. prolixus genome will provide valuable information to understand the molecular basis of insecticide resistance in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl A Alzogaray
- UNIDEF, CITEDEF, CONICET, CIPEIN, Villa Martelli, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3IA), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo N Zerba
- UNIDEF, CITEDEF, CONICET, CIPEIN, Villa Martelli, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3IA), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fink P, Moelzner J, Berghahn R, von Elert E. Do insect repellents induce drift behaviour in aquatic non-target organisms? WATER RESEARCH 2017; 108:32-38. [PMID: 27838022 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic insect repellents are compounds applied to surfaces to discourage insects, mainly mosquitoes, from landing on those surfaces. As some of these repellents have repeatedly been detected in surface waters at significant concentrations, they may also exert repellent effects on aquatic non-target organisms. In running water systems, aquatic invertebrates actively enter downstream drift in order to avoid unfavourable environmental conditions. We thus tested the hypothesis that the widely used insect repellents DEET (N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide), EBAAP (3-[N-butyl-N-acetyl]-aminopropionic acid ethyl ester) and Icaridin (1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-methylpropyl ester) induce downstream drift behaviour in the aquatic invertebrates Gammarus pulex (Crustacea, Amphipoda) and Cloeon dipterum (Insecta, Ephemeroptera), using a laboratory-scale drift assay. We found no clear increase in the drift behaviour of both invertebrate species across a concentration gradient of eight orders of magnitude and even beyond maximum environmental concentrations for any of the three repellents. We found no evidence for a direct drift-inducing activity of insect repellents on aquatic non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Fink
- University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Workgroup Aquatic Chemical Ecology, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674 Koeln, Germany.
| | - Jana Moelzner
- University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Workgroup Aquatic Chemical Ecology, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674 Koeln, Germany
| | - Ruediger Berghahn
- German Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric von Elert
- University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Workgroup Aquatic Chemical Ecology, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674 Koeln, Germany
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Islam J, Zaman K, Chakrabarti S, Bora NS, Pathak MP, Mandal S, Junejo JA, Chattopadhyay P. Exploration of ethyl anthranilate-loaded monolithic matrix-type prophylactic polymeric patch. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 25:968-975. [PMID: 28987374 PMCID: PMC9328865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromised stability of pharmaceutical formulations loaded with volatiles is a serious problem associated with devices designed to deliver volatile compounds. The present study has been focused to evaluate the stability potential of matrix-type polymeric patches composed of volatile ethyl anthranilate for prophylaxis against vector-borne diseases. Ethyl anthranilate-loaded matrix-type polymeric patches were fabricated by solvent evaporation method on an impermeable backing membrane and attached to temporary release liners. Stability testing of the polymeric patches was performed as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for 6 months under accelerated conditions. In addition, the quantification of residual solvents was also performed as per the ICH guidelines. After conducting the stability studies for 6 months, the optimized patches showed the best possible results with respect to uniformity of drug content, physical appearance, and other analytical parameters. Furthermore, the amount of residual solvent was found well below the accepted limit. Thus, the present report outlined the analytical parameters to be evaluated to ensure the stability of a certain devices consisting of volatile compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johirul Islam
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India.
| | - Kamaruz Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Srijita Chakrabarti
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Nilutpal Sharma Bora
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Manash Pratim Pathak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Santa Mandal
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Julfikar Ali Junejo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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Akasaka N, Higashikubo H, Ishii Y, Sakoda H, Fujiwara S. Polyamines in brown rice vinegar function as potent attractants for the spotted wing drosophila. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 123:78-83. [PMID: 27591976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vinegar produced by acetic acid bacteria is used as an attractant for fruit flies. Apple cider vinegar (ACV) and brown rice vinegar (BRV) are used as lures to detect Drosophila suzukii (also known as the spotted wing drosophila [SWD], a newly emerging invasive pest of soft-skinned fruits) and to capture Drosophila melanogaster, respectively. In the present study, we evaluated the attractiveness of BRV and ACV to SWD in laboratory trapping experiments using an upturned microcentrifuge tube with a pipette tip as a trap. We transferred SWD (approximately 20, 7-10 days old) to a glass vial containing a trap baited with BRV or ACV and counted the captured flies. BRV attracted more flies (52.88 ± 9.75%) than ACV (35.78 ± 7.47%) in 6 h. Based on high-performance liquid chromatography, we found that BRV contained greater amounts of putrescine (12.36 ± 0.44 μM) and spermidine (35.08 ± 4.34 μM) than ACV (putrescine, 0.31 ± 0.067 μM; spermidine, not detected). The attractiveness of ACV supplemented with putrescine (12 μM) and spermidine (35 μM) (68.56 ± 4.69%) was significantly higher than that of ACV, indicating that the enhanced attractiveness of BRV to SWD was accomplished by the additive effects of polyamines and other known attractive volatiles, such as acetic acid and acetoin. BRV is expected to be a powerful tool for the efficient management of SWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Akasaka
- Division of Bioscience Products, Marukan Vinegar Co. Ltd., 5-6 Koyo-cho West, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 658-0033, Japan; Institute of Applied Microbiology, Marukan Vinegar Co. Ltd., 5-6 Koyo-cho West, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 658-0033, Japan
| | - Haruka Higashikubo
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yuri Ishii
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Hisao Sakoda
- Division of Bioscience Products, Marukan Vinegar Co. Ltd., 5-6 Koyo-cho West, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 658-0033, Japan; Institute of Applied Microbiology, Marukan Vinegar Co. Ltd., 5-6 Koyo-cho West, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 658-0033, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujiwara
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan; Research Center for Intelligent Bio-Materials, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei-Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan.
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Bernklau EJ, Hibbard BE, Norton AP, Bjostad LB. Methyl Anthranilate as a Repellent for Western Corn Rootworm Larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:1683-90. [PMID: 27122493 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Methyl anthranilate was identified as the active compound in extracts of maize (Zea mays L.) roots that were shown to be repellent to neonate western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) larvae. A bioassay-driven approach was used to isolate the active material from diethyl ether extracts of roots from germinating maize seeds. Separation of the extract on a Florisil column yielded an active fraction of 90:10 hexane:diethyl ether. Analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified two compounds in the active fraction: indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) and methyl anthranilate (methyl 2-aminobenzoate). When tested in behavioral bioassays, methyl anthranilate elicited a significant (P < 0.05) repellent response at doses of 1, 10, and 100 µg. In subsequent single-choice bioassays, 1, 10, and 100 µg of methyl anthranilate prevented larvae from approaching 10 mmol/mol concentrations of carbon dioxide, which is normally highly attractive to the larvae. Indole, the other compound identified from the active fraction, did not elicit a behavioral response by the larvae. Methyl anthranilate has potential for development as a management tool for western corn rootworm larvae and may be best suited for use in a push-pull control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Bernklau
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences & Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (; ; ),
| | - B E Hibbard
- USDA-ARS, 205 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - A P Norton
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences & Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (; ; )
| | - L B Bjostad
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences & Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (; ; )
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Wu Z, Zhang H, Bin S, Chen L, Han Q, Lin J. Antennal and Abdominal Transcriptomes Reveal Chemosensory Genes in the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159372. [PMID: 27441376 PMCID: PMC4956155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri is the principal vector of the highly destructive citrus disease called Huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening, which is a major threat to citrus cultivation worldwide. More effective pest control strategies against this pest entail the identification of potential chemosensory proteins that could be used in the development of attractants or repellents. However, the molecular basis of olfaction in the Asian citrus psyllid is not completely understood. Therefore, we performed this study to analyze the antennal and abdominal transcriptome of the Asian citrus psyllid. We identified a large number of transcripts belonging to nine chemoreception-related gene families and compared their expression in male and female adult antennae and terminal abdomen. In total, 9 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 12 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 46 odorant receptors (ORs), 20 gustatory receptors (GRs), 35 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 4 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) and 4 different gene families encoding odorant-degrading enzymes (ODEs): 80 cytochrome P450s (CYPs), 12 esterase (ESTs), and 5 aldehyde dehydrogenases (ADE) were annotated in the D. citri antennal and abdominal transcriptomes. Our results revealed that a large proportion of chemosensory genes exhibited no distinct differences in their expression patterns in the antennae and terminal abdominal tissues. Notably, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data and quantitative real time-PCR (qPCR) analyses showed that 4 DictOBPs, 4 DictCSPs, 4 DictIRs, 1 DictSNMP, and 2 DictCYPs were upregulated in the antennae relative to that in terminal abdominal tissues. Furthermore, 2 DictOBPs (DictOBP8 and DictOBP9), 2 DictCSPs (DictOBP8 and DictOBP12), 4 DictIRs (DictIR3, DictIR6, DictIR10, and DictIR35), and 1 DictCYP (DictCYP57) were expressed at higher levels in the male antennae than in the female antennae. Our study provides the first insights into the molecular basis of chemoreception in this insect pest. Further studies on the identified differentially expressed genes would facilitate the understanding of insect olfaction and their role in the interactions between olfactory system and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhen Wu
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - He Zhang
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuying Bin
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qunxin Han
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jintian Lin
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, PR China
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Bell JS, Wilson RI. Behavior Reveals Selective Summation and Max Pooling among Olfactory Processing Channels. Neuron 2016; 91:425-38. [PMID: 27373835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory system is divided into processing channels (glomeruli), each receiving input from a different type of olfactory receptor neuron (ORN). Here we investigated how glomeruli combine to control behavior in freely walking Drosophila. We found that optogenetically activating single ORN types typically produced attraction, although some ORN types produced repulsion. Attraction consisted largely of a behavioral program with the following rules: at fictive odor onset, flies walked upwind, and at fictive odor offset, they reversed. When certain pairs of attractive ORN types were co-activated, the level of the behavioral response resembled the sum of the component responses. However, other pairs of attractive ORN types produced a response resembling the larger component (max pooling). Although activation of different ORN combinations produced different levels of behavior, the rules of the behavioral program were consistent. Our results illustrate a general method for inferring how groups of neurons work together to modulate behavioral programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Bell
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rachel I Wilson
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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The insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) induces angiogenesis via allosteric modulation of the M3 muscarinic receptor in endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28546. [PMID: 27345502 PMCID: PMC4921870 DOI: 10.1038/srep28546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) has been reported to inhibit AChE (acetylcholinesterase) and to possess potential carcinogenic properties with excessive vascularization. In the present paper, we demonstrate that DEET specifically stimulates endothelial cells that promote angiogenesis which increases tumor growth. DEET activates cellular processes that lead to angiogenesis including proliferation, migration and adhesion. This is associated with an enhancement of NO production and VEGF expression in endothelial cells. M3 silencing or the use of a pharmacological M3 inhibitor abrogates all of these effects which reveals that DEET-induced angiogenesis is M3 sensitive. The experiments involving calcium signals in both endothelial and HEK cells overexpressing M3 receptors, as well as binding and docking studies demonstrate that DEET acts as an allosteric modulator of the M3 receptor. In addition, DEET inhibited AChE which increased acetylcholine bioavailability and binding to M3 receptors and also strengthened proangiogenic effects by an allosteric modulation.
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Liu H, Liu T, Xie L, Wang X, Deng Y, Chen CH, James AA, Chen XG. Functional analysis of Orco and odorant receptors in odor recognition in Aedes albopictus. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:363. [PMID: 27350348 PMCID: PMC4924234 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes albopictus is a globally invasive mosquito and a major vector of arboviruses, including dengue, Zika and Chikungunya. Olfactory-related behaviors, particularly host-seeking, offer opportunities to disrupt the disease-transmission process. A better understanding of odorant receptors (ORs) may assist in explaining host selection and location, and contribute to novel strategy of vector control. Methods Based on previous prediction of 158 putative odorant receptors by Ae. albopictus genome analysis, 29 AalORs were selected for tissue-specific expression profiles in the present study. AalOrco (AalOR7), AalOR10 and AalOR88, highly expressed in female olfactory tissues, were chosen for further structure predictions as well as functional validation including calcium imaging assay in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells and RNA interference assay in Ae. albopictus. We also conducted electrophysiological and behavioral assays in mosquitoes after RNA interference of the three genes to determine their roles in host-seeking. Results The results support previous conclusions that individual conventional (ORXs) and Orco can form heteromeric complexes to recognize odorants and respond to components of human volatiles in HEK293 cells. The reduction of AalOrco transcript levels led to a significant decrease in host-seeking and confusion in host preference. In contrast, AalOR10 and AalOR88 knockdown mosquitoes showed no significant behavioral differences compared with controls. The functions of conventional ORs at least AalOR10 and AalOR88 are abolished with inhibited expression of the Orco gene orthologs, along with the concomitant relevant olfactory behavior. Conclusions Combining structural and functional data, we conclude that the product of the Orco gene in this mosquito is crucial for transmitting olfactory signaling and conventional ORs contribute directly to odorant recognition. Our results provide insight into the linkage between odorant receptors and host-seeking in this important vector species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1644-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Xie
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Deng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Anthony A James
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 3205 McGaugh Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3900, USA
| | - Xiao-Guang Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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