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Hirakawa H, Terao T. The genetic association between bipolar disorder and dementia: a qualitative review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1414776. [PMID: 39228919 PMCID: PMC11368786 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1414776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a chronic disorder characterized by fluctuations in mood state and energy and recurrent episodes of mania/hypomania and depression. Bipolar disorder may be regarded as a neuro-progressive disorder in which repeated mood episodes may lead to cognitive decline and dementia development. In the current review, we employed genome-wide association studies to comprehensively investigate the genetic variants associated with bipolar disorder and dementia. Thirty-nine published manuscripts were identified: 20 on bipolar disorder and 19 on dementia. The results showed that the genes CACNA1C, GABBR2, SCN2A, CTSH, MSRA, and SH3PXD2A were overlapping between patients with bipolar disorder and dementia. In conclusion, the genes CACNA1C, GABBR2, SCN2A, CTSH, MSRA, and SH3PXD2A may be associated with the neuro-progression of bipolar disorder to dementia. Further genetic studies are needed to comprehensively clarify the role of genes in cognitive decline and the development of dementia in patients with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hirakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
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2
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Dapkūnas J, Timinskas A, Olechnovič K, Tomkuvienė M, Venclovas Č. PPI3D: a web server for searching, analyzing and modeling protein-protein, protein-peptide and protein-nucleic acid interactions. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:W264-W271. [PMID: 38619046 PMCID: PMC11223826 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Structure-resolved protein interactions with other proteins, peptides and nucleic acids are key for understanding molecular mechanisms. The PPI3D web server enables researchers to query preprocessed and clustered structural data, analyze the results and make homology-based inferences for protein interactions. PPI3D offers three interaction exploration modes: (i) all interactions for proteins homologous to the query, (ii) interactions between two proteins or their homologs and (iii) interactions within a specific PDB entry. The server allows interactive analysis of the identified interactions in both summarized and detailed manner. This includes protein annotations, structures, the interface residues and the corresponding contact surface areas. In addition, users can make inferences about residues at the interaction interface for the query protein(s) from the sequence alignments and homology models. The weekly updated PPI3D database includes all the interaction interfaces and binding sites from PDB, clustered based on both protein sequence and structural similarity, yielding non-redundant datasets without loss of alternative interaction modes. Consequently, the PPI3D users avoid being flooded with redundant information, a typical situation for intensely studied proteins. Furthermore, PPI3D provides a possibility to download user-defined sets of interaction interfaces and analyze them locally. The PPI3D web server is available at https://bioinformatics.lt/ppi3d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justas Dapkūnas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Albertas Timinskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Kliment Olechnovič
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LJK, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Miglė Tomkuvienė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Česlovas Venclovas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
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3
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Mohanlal S, Saha D, Pandey S, Acharya R, Sharma NK. Synthesis of R-GABA Derivatives via Pd(II) Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp 3)-H Arylation and Virtual Validation with GABA B1 Receptor for Potential leads. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400064. [PMID: 38497556 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
GABA (γ-amino butyric acid) analogues like baclofen, tolibut, phenibut, etc., are well-known GABAB1 inhibitors and pharmaceutically important drugs. However, there is a huge demand for more chiral GABA aryl analogues with promising pharmacological actions. Here, we demonstrate the chiral ligand acetyl-protected amino quinoline (APAQ) mediated enantioselective synthesis of GABAB1 inhibitor drug scaffolds from easily accessible GABA via Pd-catalyzed C(sp3)-H activation. The synthetic methodology shows moderate to good yields, up to 74% of ee. We have successfully demonstrated the deprotection and removal of the directing group to synthesize R-tolibut in 86% yield. Further, we employed computation to probe the binding of R-GABA analogues to the extracellular domain of the human GABAB1 receptor. Our Rosetta-based molecular docking calculations show better binding for four R-enantiomers of GABA analogues than R-baclofen and R-phenibut. In addition, we employed GROMACS MD simulations and MMPB(GB)SA calculations to identify per-residue contribution to binding free energy. Our computational results suggest analogues (3R)-4-amino-3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl) butanoic acid, (3R)-4-amino-3-(3-fluorophenyl) butanoic acid, (3R)-3-(4-acetylphenyl)-4-aminobutanoic acid, (3R)-4-amino-3-(4-methoxyphenyl) butanoic acid, and (3R)-4-amino-3-phenylbutanoic acid are potential leads which could be synthesized from our methodology reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Mohanlal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, 752050
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Diprupa Saha
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, 752050
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Shubhant Pandey
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, 752050
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Rudresh Acharya
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, 752050
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Nagendra K Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, 752050
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
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4
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Huang YH, Huang CY. The complexed crystal structure of dihydropyrimidinase reveals a potential interactive link with the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 692:149351. [PMID: 38056157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Dihydropyrimidinase (DHPase) plays a crucial role in pyrimidine degradation, showcasing a broad substrate specificity that extends beyond pyrimidine catabolism, hinting at additional roles for this ancient enzyme. In this study, we solved the crystal structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa DHPase (PaDHPase) complexed with the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at a resolution of 1.97 Å (PDB ID 8WQ9). Our structural analysis revealed two GABA binding sites in each monomer of PaDHPase. Interactions between PaDHPase and GABA molecules, involving residues within a contact distance of <4 Å, were examined. In silico analyses via PISA and PLIP software revealed hydrogen bonds formed between the side chain of Cys318 and GABA 1, as well as the main chains of Ser333, Ile335, and Asn337 with GABA 2. Comparative structural analysis between GABA-bound and unbound states unveiled significant conformational changes at the active site, particularly within dynamic loop I, supporting the conclusion that PaDHPase binds GABA through the loop-out mechanism. Building upon this molecular evidence, we discuss and propose a working model. The study expands the GABA interactome by identifying DHPase as a novel GABA-interacting protein and provides structural insight into the interaction between a dimetal center in the protein's active site and GABA. Further investigations are warranted to explore potential interactions of GABA with other DHPase-like proteins and to understand whether DHPase may have additional regulatory and physiological roles in the cell, extending beyond pyrimidine catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec.1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec.1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No.110, Sec.1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung City, Taiwan.
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5
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Cheng L, Xia F, Li Z, Shen C, Yang Z, Hou H, Sun S, Feng Y, Yong X, Tian X, Qin H, Yan W, Shao Z. Structure, function and drug discovery of GPCR signaling. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:46. [PMID: 38047990 PMCID: PMC10695916 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are versatile and vital proteins involved in a wide array of physiological processes and responses, such as sensory perception (e.g., vision, taste, and smell), immune response, hormone regulation, and neurotransmission. Their diverse and essential roles in the body make them a significant focus for pharmaceutical research and drug development. Currently, approximately 35% of marketed drugs directly target GPCRs, underscoring their prominence as therapeutic targets. Recent advances in structural biology have substantially deepened our understanding of GPCR activation mechanisms and interactions with G-protein and arrestin signaling pathways. This review offers an in-depth exploration of both traditional and recent methods in GPCR structure analysis. It presents structure-based insights into ligand recognition and receptor activation mechanisms and delves deeper into the mechanisms of canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways downstream of GPCRs. Furthermore, it highlights recent advancements in GPCR-related drug discovery and development. Particular emphasis is placed on GPCR selective drugs, allosteric and biased signaling, polyphamarcology, and antibody drugs. Our goal is to provide researchers with a thorough and updated understanding of GPCR structure determination, signaling pathway investigation, and drug development. This foundation aims to propel forward-thinking therapeutic approaches that target GPCRs, drawing upon the latest insights into GPCR ligand selectivity, activation, and biased signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ziyan Li
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenglong Shen
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqian Yang
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanlin Hou
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Suyue Sun
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuying Feng
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xihao Yong
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaowen Tian
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxi Qin
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhenhua Shao
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Frontiers Medical Center, Chengdu, 610212, China.
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Opretzka LCF, Viana MDM, de Lima AA, de Souza TA, Scotti MT, Tavares JF, da Silva MS, Soares MBP, Villarreal CF. Cleomin Exerts Acute Antinociceptive Effects in Mice via GABA B and Muscarinic Receptors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1547. [PMID: 38004413 PMCID: PMC10675606 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleomin, a 1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione, was recently isolated from Neocalyptrocalyx longifolium, a species traditionally used for treating painful conditions. Reports about the pharmacological activities of cleomin are lacking. Here, the antinociceptive effects of cleomin were investigated using mice models of pain, namely the formalin, the cold plate, and the tail flick tests. Motor integrity was assessed in the rota-rod test. Antagonism assays and in silico docking analyses were performed to investigate the putative mechanisms of action. Cleomin (12.5-25 mg/kg), at doses that did not induce motor impairment, induced dose-dependent antinociception in both early and late phases of the formalin test and reduced nociceptive behaviors in both the cold plate and tail flick tests. Pretreatments with phaclofen and atropine attenuated the antinociceptive effects of cleomin, implicating the involvement of GABAB and muscarinic receptors. In silico docking studies suggested satisfactory coupling between cleomin and GABAB and M2 receptors, hence corroborating their role in cleomin's activity. Pretreatments with naloxone, yohimbine, bicuculline, and methysergide did not affect the antinociception of cleomin. In silico pharmacokinetics prediction showed a good drug ability profile of cleomin. In conclusion, cleomin promoted antinociception mediated by GABAB and muscarinic receptors. These findings support further investigation of the analgesic potential of cleomin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alyne Almeida de Lima
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296710, BA, Brazil; (A.A.d.L.); (M.B.P.S.)
| | - Thalisson Amorim de Souza
- Institute for Research on Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58059900, PB, Brazil; (T.A.d.S.); (M.T.S.); (J.F.T.); (M.S.d.S.)
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Institute for Research on Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58059900, PB, Brazil; (T.A.d.S.); (M.T.S.); (J.F.T.); (M.S.d.S.)
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Institute for Research on Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58059900, PB, Brazil; (T.A.d.S.); (M.T.S.); (J.F.T.); (M.S.d.S.)
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Institute for Research on Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58059900, PB, Brazil; (T.A.d.S.); (M.T.S.); (J.F.T.); (M.S.d.S.)
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296710, BA, Brazil; (A.A.d.L.); (M.B.P.S.)
- Institute for Research on Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58059900, PB, Brazil; (T.A.d.S.); (M.T.S.); (J.F.T.); (M.S.d.S.)
- Institute of Advanced Systems in Health, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650010, BA, Brazil
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7
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Isu UH, Badiee SA, Khodadadi E, Moradi M. Cholesterol in Class C GPCRs: Role, Relevance, and Localization. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:301. [PMID: 36984688 PMCID: PMC10056374 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), one of the largest superfamilies of cell-surface receptors, are heptahelical integral membrane proteins that play critical roles in virtually every organ system. G-protein-coupled receptors operate in membranes rich in cholesterol, with an imbalance in cholesterol level within the vicinity of GPCR transmembrane domains affecting the structure and/or function of many GPCRs, a phenomenon that has been linked to several diseases. These effects of cholesterol could result in indirect changes by altering the mechanical properties of the lipid environment or direct changes by binding to specific sites on the protein. There are a number of studies and reviews on how cholesterol modulates class A GPCRs; however, this area of study is yet to be explored for class C GPCRs, which are characterized by a large extracellular region and often form constitutive dimers. This review highlights specific sites of interaction, functions, and structural dynamics involved in the cholesterol recognition of the class C GPCRs. We summarize recent data from some typical family members to explain the effects of membrane cholesterol on the structural features and functions of class C GPCRs and speculate on their corresponding therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mahmoud Moradi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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8
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Liu H, Li Y, Gao Y. Asymmetric activation of class C GPCRs. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 195:77-87. [PMID: 36707156 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Class C G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a unique GPCR subfamily with large ligand-binding extracellular domains and function as obligate dimers. The recently resolved cryo-EM structures of full-length GABAB, CaSR, and mGlus have revealed that these receptors are activated in an asymmetric manner, leading to G-protein-coupling on one protomer within the receptor dimer. In this review we discuss the mechanisms of asymmetric activation in class C GPCRs and the unique mode of interaction with the inhibitory Gi protein. Upon activation, the two seven-transmembrane domains (7TMs) of class C GPCRs rearrange to form a conserved asymmetric TM6-TM6 interface. In contrast to class A and B GPCRs, G-protein coupling does not involve the cytoplasmic opening of TM6, but is facilitated through the coordination of intracellular loops. Furthermore, positive and negative allosteric modulators (PAMs and NAMs) adopt distinct conformations to regulate the activity of class C GPCRs. Taken together, these recent findings on the mechanism of asymmetric activation of class C GPCRs highlight a novel mechanism of G protein activation and provide new insights into the design of therapeutics targeting these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongnan Liu
- Department of Cardiology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Department of Cardiology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Cardiology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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9
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Hydration of the Neurotransmitter γ-Aminobutyric Acid and its Isomer α-Aminobutyric Acid. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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10
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Kinetic fingerprinting of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Commun Biol 2023; 6:104. [PMID: 36707695 PMCID: PMC9883448 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimeric metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are abundantly expressed in neurons. In mammals, eight subunit isoforms, mGluR1-8, have been identified, forming the groups I, II, and III. We investigated receptor dimerization and kinetics of these mGluR isoforms in excised membrane patches by FRET and confocal patch-clamp fluorometry. We show that 5 out of 8 homodimeric receptors develop characteristic glutamate-induced on- and off-kinetics, as do 11 out of 28 heterodimers. Glutamate-responsive heterodimers were identified within each group, between groups I and II as well as between groups II and III, but not between groups I and III. The glutamate-responsive heterodimers showed heterogeneous activation and deactivation kinetics. Interestingly, mGluR7, not generating a kinetic response in homodimers, showed fast on-kinetics in mGluR2/7 and mGluR3/7 while off-kinetics retained the speed of mGluR2 or mGluR3 respectively. In conclusion, glutamate-induced conformational changes in heterodimers appear within each group and between groups if one group II subunit is present.
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11
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Ullrich J, Göhmann PJ, Zemella A, Kubick S. Oligomerization of the heteromeric γ-aminobutyric acid receptor GABA B in a eukaryotic cell-free system. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20742. [PMID: 36456667 PMCID: PMC9715706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the assembly mechanism and function of membrane proteins is a fundamental problem in biochemical research. Among the membrane proteins, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest class in the human body and have long been considered to function as monomers. Nowadays, the oligomeric assembly of GPCRs is widely accepted, although the functional importance and therapeutic intervention remain largely unexplored. This is partly due to difficulties in the heterologous production of membrane proteins. Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) with its endogenous endoplasmic reticulum-derived structures has proven as a technique to address this issue. In this study, we investigate for the first time the conceptual CFPS of a heteromeric GPCR, the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type B (GABAB), from its protomers BR1 and BR2 using a eukaryotic cell-free lysate. Using a fluorescence-based proximity ligation assay, we provide evidence for colocalization and thus suggesting heterodimerization. We prove the heterodimeric assembly by a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer saturation assay providing the manufacturability of a heterodimeric GPCR by CFPS. Additionally, we show the binding of a fluorescent orthosteric antagonist, demonstrating the feasibility of combining the CFPS of GPCRs with pharmacological applications. These results provide a simple and powerful experimental platform for the synthesis of heteromeric GPCRs and open new perspectives for the modelling of protein-protein interactions. Accordingly, the presented technology enables the targeting of protein assemblies as a new interface for pharmacological intervention in disease-relevant dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ullrich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße Des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Jonas Göhmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße Des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Zemella
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Kubick
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry-Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Faculty of Health Science, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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12
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Lu Y, Ahamed T, Mulcahy B, Meng J, Witvliet D, Guan SA, Holmyard D, Hung W, Wen Q, Chisholm AD, Samuel ADT, Zhen M. Extrasynaptic signaling enables an asymmetric juvenile motor circuit to produce symmetric undulation. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4631-4644.e5. [PMID: 36182701 PMCID: PMC9643663 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In many animals, there is a direct correspondence between the motor patterns that drive locomotion and the motor neuron innervation. For example, the adult C. elegans moves with symmetric and alternating dorsal-ventral bending waves arising from symmetric motor neuron input onto the dorsal and ventral muscles. In contrast to the adult, the C. elegans motor circuit at the juvenile larval stage has asymmetric wiring between motor neurons and muscles but still generates adult-like bending waves with dorsal-ventral symmetry. We show that in the juvenile circuit, wiring between excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons coordinates the contraction of dorsal muscles with relaxation of ventral muscles, producing dorsal bends. However, ventral bending is not driven by analogous wiring. Instead, ventral muscles are excited uniformly by premotor interneurons through extrasynaptic signaling. Ventral bends occur in anti-phasic entrainment to activity of the same motor neurons that drive dorsal bends. During maturation, the juvenile motor circuit is replaced by two motor subcircuits that separately drive dorsal and ventral bending. Modeling reveals that the juvenile's immature motor circuit is an adequate solution to generate adult-like dorsal-ventral bending before the animal matures. Developmental rewiring between functionally degenerate circuit solutions, which both generate symmetric bending patterns, minimizes behavioral disruption across maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangning Lu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Tosif Ahamed
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Ben Mulcahy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jun Meng
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Daniel Witvliet
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Sihui Asuka Guan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Douglas Holmyard
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Wesley Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Quan Wen
- Department of Physics and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Andrew D Chisholm
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Aravinthan D T Samuel
- Department of Physics and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mei Zhen
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.
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13
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Cediel ML, Stawarski M, Blanc X, Nosková L, Magner M, Platzer K, Gburek-Augustat J, Baldridge D, Constantino JN, Ranza E, Bettler B, Antonarakis SE. GABBR1 monoallelic de novo variants linked to neurodevelopmental delay and epilepsy. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1885-1893. [PMID: 36103875 PMCID: PMC9606381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
GABAB receptors are obligatory heterodimers responsible for prolonged neuronal inhibition in the central nervous system. The two receptor subunits are encoded by GABBR1 and GABBR2. Variants in GABBR2 have been associated with a Rett-like phenotype (MIM: 617903), epileptic encephalopathy (MIM: 617904), and milder forms of developmental delay with absence epilepsy. To date, however, no phenotypes associated with pathogenic variants of GABBR1 have been established. Through GeneMatcher, we have ascertained four individuals who each have a monoallelic GABBR1 de novo non-synonymous variant; these individuals exhibit motor and/or language delay, ranging from mild to severe, and in one case, epilepsy. Further phenotypic features include varying degrees of intellectual disability, learning difficulties, autism, ADHD, ODD, sleep disorders, and muscular hypotonia. We functionally characterized the four de novo GABBR1 variants, p.Glu368Asp, p.Ala397Val, p.Ala535Thr, and p.Gly673Asp, in transfected HEK293 cells. GABA fails to efficiently activate the variant receptors, most likely leading to an increase in the excitation/inhibition balance in the central nervous system. Variant p.Gly673Asp in transmembrane domain 3 (TMD3) renders the receptor completely inactive, consistent with failure of the receptor to reach the cell surface. p.Glu368Asp is located near the orthosteric binding site and reduces GABA potency and efficacy at the receptor. GABA exhibits normal potency but decreased efficacy at the p.Ala397Val and p.Ala535Thr variants. Functional characterization of GABBR1-related variants provides a rationale for understanding the severity of disease phenotypes and points to possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lucia Cediel
- Medigenome, Swiss Institute of Genomic Medicine, 1207 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michal Stawarski
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Blanc
- Medigenome, Swiss Institute of Genomic Medicine, 1207 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lenka Nosková
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Magner
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Thomayer Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janina Gburek-Augustat
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Emmanuelle Ranza
- Medigenome, Swiss Institute of Genomic Medicine, 1207 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Bettler
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Unravelling biological roles and mechanisms of GABA BR on addiction and depression through mood and memory disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113700. [PMID: 36152411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabotropic γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor (GABABR) remains a hotspot in the recent research area. Being an idiosyncratic G-protein coupled receptor family member, the GABABR manifests adaptively tailored functionality under multifarious modulations by a constellation of agents, pointing to cross-talk between receptors and effectors that converge on the domains of mood and memory. This review systematically summarizes the latest achievements in signal transduction mechanisms of the GABABR-effector-regulator complex and probes how the up-and down-regulation of membrane-delimited GABABRs are associated with manifold intrinsic and extrinsic agents in synaptic strength and plasticity. Neuropsychiatric conditions depression and addiction share the similar pathophysiology of synapse inadaptability underlying negative mood-related processes, memory formations, and impairments. In the attempt to emphasize all convergent discoveries, we hope the insights gained on the GABABR system mechanisms of action are conducive to designing more therapeutic candidates so as to refine the prognosis rate of diseases and minimize side effects.
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15
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Bony AR, McArthur JR, Komori A, Wong AR, Hung A, Adams DJ. Analgesic α -Conotoxin Binding Site on the Human GABAB Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2022; 102:196-208. [PMID: 35944919 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The analgesic α-conotoxins Vc1.1, RgIA, and PeIA attenuate nociceptive transmission via activation of G protein-coupled GABAB receptors (GABABR) to modulate N-type calcium channels in primary afferent neurons and recombinantly co-expressed human GABABR and Cav2.2 channels in HEK293T cells. Here, we investigated the effects of analgesic α-conotoxins following the mutation of amino acid residues in the Venus Flytrap (VFT) domains of the GABABR subunits predicted through computational peptide docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Our docking calculations predicted that all three of the α-conotoxins form close contacts with VFT residues in both B1 and B2 subunits, comprising a novel GABABR ligand-binding site. The effects of baclofen and α-conotoxins on the peak Ba2+ current (IBa) amplitude were investigated on wild-type and 15 GABABR mutants individually co-expressed with human Cav2.2 channels. Mutations at the interface of the VFT domains of both GABABR subunits attenuated baclofen-sensitive IBa inhibition by the analgesic α-conotoxins. In contrast, mutations located outside the putative peptide-binding site (D380A and R98A) did not. The key GABABR residues involved in interactions with the α-conotoxins are K168 and R207 on the B2 subunit and S130, S153, R162, E200, F227, and E253 on the B1 subunit. The double mutant, S130A+S153A, abolished inhibition by both baclofen and the α-conotoxins. Depolarization-activated IBa mediated by both wild-type and all GABAαBR mutants were inhibited by the selective GABABR antagonist CGP 55845. This study identifies specific residues of GABABR involved in the binding of the analgesic α-conotoxins to the VFT domains of the GABABR. Significance Statement This study defines the binding site of analgesic α-conotoxins Vc1.1, RgIA, and PeIA on the human GABAB receptor to activate Gi/o proteins and inhibit Cav2.2 channels. Computational docking and MD simulations of GABABR identified amino acids of the Venus flytrap (VFT) domains with which the α-conotoxins interact. GABABR alanine mutants attenuated baclofen-sensitive Cav2.2 inhibition by the α-conotoxins. We identify an allosteric binding site at the interface of the VFT domains of the GABABR subunits for the analgesic α-conotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja R Bony
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R McArthur
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | | | - Ann R Wong
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, RMIT University, Australia
| | - David J Adams
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia
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16
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Yang MY, Kim SK, Goddard WA. G protein coupling and activation of the metabotropic GABA B heterodimer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4612. [PMID: 35941188 PMCID: PMC9360005 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABABR), a class C G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) heterodimer, plays a crucial role in the central nervous system. Cryo-electron microscopy studies revealed a drastic conformational change upon activation and a unique G protein (GP) binding mode. However, little is known about the mechanism for GP coupling and activation for class C GPCRs. Here, we use molecular metadynamics computations to predict the mechanism by which the inactive GP induces conformational changes in the GABABR transmembrane domain (TMD) to form an intermediate pre-activated state. We find that the inactive GP first interacts with TM3, which further leads to the TMD rearrangement and deeper insertion of the α5 helix that causes the Gα subunit to open, releasing GDP, and forming the experimentally observed activated structure. This mechanism provides fresh insights into the mechanistic details of class C GPCRs activation expected to be useful for designing selective agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Young Yang
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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17
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D'Onofrio G, Riva A, Di Rosa G, Cali' E, Efthymiou S, Gitto E, Madia F, Accogli A, Zara F, Houlden H, Salpietro V, Striano P, Soler D. Paroxysmal limb dystonias associated with GABBR2 pathogenic variant: A case-based literature review. Brain Dev 2022; 44:469-473. [PMID: 35414446 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND De novo mutations in the GABBR2 (Gamma-Aminobutyric acid Type B Receptor Subunit 2) gene have recently been reported to be associated with a form of early-infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE59; OMIM# 617904), as well as a Rett syndrome (RTT)-like disorder defined as a neurodevelopmental disorder with poor language and loss of hand skills (NDPLHS; OMIM# 617903). METHODS We describe a pediatric case carrying a de novo GABBR2 pathogenic variant and showing a phenotype encompassing RTT, epilepsy, generalized hypotonia with a paroxysmal limb dystonia. RESULTS A 11-year-old girl, born to non-consanguineous parents after an uneventful pregnancy, had developmental delay and generalized hypotonia. At age 3.5 months she presented with infantile spasms with an electroencephalographic pattern of hypsarrhythmia. After treatment with clonazepam and prednisolone, she became seizure-free with a slow background electrical activity. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was normal. Paroxysmal dystonic posturing of the extremities, especially the upper limbs, have been observed since the age of 3 years. Motor stereotypies, non-epileptic episodes of hyperventilation and breath-holding were also reported. The girl suffered from feeding difficulties requiring gastrostomy at the age of 8. Exome sequencing (ES) revealed a de novo GABBR2 pathogenic variant (NM_005458:c.G2077T:p.G693W). CONCLUSION Paroxysmal limb dystonias, especially in the context of neurodevelopmental disorder featuring epilepsy, generalized hypotonia and RTT-like features should lead to the suspect of GABBR2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca D'Onofrio
- Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto "Giannina Gaslini", Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto "Giannina Gaslini", Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Rosa
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina 98100, Italy
| | - Elisa Cali'
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Eloisa Gitto
- Intensive Neonatal and Pediatric Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina 98100, Italy
| | - Francesca Madia
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto "Giannina Gaslini", Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montreal, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Federico Zara
- Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy; Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto "Giannina Gaslini", Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto "Giannina Gaslini", Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto "Giannina Gaslini", Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Doriette Soler
- Department of Paediatrics, Mater dei Hospital, Msida, Malta.
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18
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Garsi JB, Guggari S, Deis T, Ma M, Hocine S, Hanessian S. 2-Oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane as a Platform for Functional Diversity: Synthesis of Backbone-Constrained γ-Amino Acid Analogues. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11261-11273. [PMID: 35900070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We communicate a versatile synthetic approach to C-3 disubstituted 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes as carbon-atom bridged morpholines, starting with 4R-hydroxy-l-proline as a chiron. Attaching an acetic acid moiety on the C-3 carbon of the 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane core reveals the framework of an embedded γ-amino butyric acid (GABA). Variations in the nature of the substituent on the tertiary C-3 atom with different alkyls or aryls led to backbone-constrained analogues of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs baclofen and pregabalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Garsi
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Solène Guggari
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Thomas Deis
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Myles Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Sofiane Hocine
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
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19
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Sivakumar D, Ramli R. GABAergic signalling in modulation of dental pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 924:174958. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Baldwin DS. Clinical management of withdrawal from benzodiazepine anxiolytic and hypnotic medications. Addiction 2022; 117:1472-1482. [PMID: 34542216 DOI: 10.1111/add.15695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines continue to be prescribed widely in the management of patients with insomnia or anxiety disorders, despite the availability and acceptability of alternative pharmacological and psychological treatments. Many patients will experience adverse effects during treatment and considerable distress when the dosage is reduced and stopped. Management of benzodiazepine withdrawal includes measures to prevent the development of dependence, careful attention to underlying medical conditions, medication consolidation and gradual dosage reduction, accompanying psychological interventions, occasional prescription of concomitant medication, and relapse prevention with on-going support to address psychosocial stressors. There are needs for easier patient access to services with refined expertise and for further research to optimise strategies for preventing dependence and facilitating withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Baldwin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,University Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Mood and Anxiety Disorders Service, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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21
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Schamber MR, Vafabakhsh R. Mechanism of sensitivity modulation in the calcium-sensing receptor via electrostatic tuning. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2194. [PMID: 35459864 PMCID: PMC9033857 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfer of information across membranes is fundamental to the function of all organisms and is primarily initiated by transmembrane receptors. For many receptors, how ligand sensitivity is fine-tuned and how disease associated mutations modulate receptor conformation to allosterically affect receptor sensitivity are unknown. Here we map the activation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) - a dimeric class C G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and responsible for maintaining extracellular calcium in vertebrates. We show that CaSR undergoes unique conformational rearrangements compared to other class C GPCRs owing to specific structural features. Moreover, by analyzing disease associated mutations, we uncover a large permissiveness in the architecture of the extracellular domain of CaSR, with dynamics- and not specific receptor topology- determining the effect of a mutation. We show a structural hub at the dimer interface allosterically controls CaSR activation via focused electrostatic repulsion. Changes in the surface charge distribution of this hub, which is highly variable between organisms, finely tune CaSR sensitivity. This is potentially a general tuning mechanism for other dimeric receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Schamber
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Reza Vafabakhsh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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22
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Fu X, Wei S, Wang T, Fan H, Zhang Y, Costa CD, Brandner S, Yang G, Pan Y, He Y, Li N. Research Status of the Orphan G Protein Coupled Receptor 158 and Future Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081334. [PMID: 35456013 PMCID: PMC9027133 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remain one of the most successful targets for therapeutic drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Many novel orphan GPCRs have been identified by human genome sequencing and considered as putative targets for refractory diseases. Of note, a series of studies have been carried out involving GPCR 158 (or GPR158) since its identification in 2005, predominantly focusing on the characterization of its roles in the progression of cancer and mental illness. However, advances towards an in-depth understanding of the biological mechanism(s) involved for clinical application of GPR158 are lacking. In this paper, we clarify the origin of the GPR158 evolution in different species and summarize the relationship between GPR158 and different diseases towards potential drug target identification, through an analysis of the sequences and substructures of GPR158. Further, we discuss how recent studies set about unraveling the fundamental features and principles, followed by future perspectives and thoughts, which may lead to prospective therapies involving GPR158.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianan Fu
- Tomas Lindhal Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), No.628, Zhenyuan Rd., Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107, China; (X.F.); (S.W.); (T.W.); (H.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.)
| | - Shoupeng Wei
- Tomas Lindhal Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), No.628, Zhenyuan Rd., Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107, China; (X.F.); (S.W.); (T.W.); (H.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.)
| | - Tao Wang
- Tomas Lindhal Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), No.628, Zhenyuan Rd., Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107, China; (X.F.); (S.W.); (T.W.); (H.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.)
| | - Hengxin Fan
- Tomas Lindhal Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), No.628, Zhenyuan Rd., Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107, China; (X.F.); (S.W.); (T.W.); (H.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- Tomas Lindhal Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), No.628, Zhenyuan Rd., Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107, China; (X.F.); (S.W.); (T.W.); (H.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.)
| | - Clive Da Costa
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK;
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518039, China;
| | - Yihang Pan
- Tomas Lindhal Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), No.628, Zhenyuan Rd., Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107, China; (X.F.); (S.W.); (T.W.); (H.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yulong He
- Tomas Lindhal Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), No.628, Zhenyuan Rd., Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107, China; (X.F.); (S.W.); (T.W.); (H.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.)
- Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), No.628, Zhenyuan Rd., Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107, China
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (N.L.)
| | - Ningning Li
- Tomas Lindhal Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), No.628, Zhenyuan Rd., Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107, China; (X.F.); (S.W.); (T.W.); (H.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.)
- China-UK Institute for Frontier Science, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (N.L.)
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Liccardo F, Luini A, Di Martino R. Endomembrane-Based Signaling by GPCRs and G-Proteins. Cells 2022; 11:528. [PMID: 35159337 PMCID: PMC8834376 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and G-proteins have a range of roles in many physiological and pathological processes and are among the most studied signaling proteins. A plethora of extracellular stimuli can activate the GPCR and can elicit distinct intracellular responses through the activation of specific transduction pathways. For many years, biologists thought that GPCR signaling occurred entirely on the plasma membrane. However, in recent decades, many lines of evidence have proved that the GPCRs and G-proteins may reside on endomembranes and can start or propagate signaling pathways through the organelles that form the secretory route. How these alternative intracellular signaling pathways of the GPCR and G-proteins influence the physiological and pathological function of the endomembranes is still under investigation. Here, we review the general role and classification of GPCRs and G-proteins with a focus on their signaling pathways in the membrane transport apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Liccardo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), 555 Mission Bay Blvd., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Alberto Luini
- Istituto per L’endocrinologia e L’oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS)—Sede Secondaria, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosaria Di Martino
- Istituto per L’endocrinologia e L’oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS)—Sede Secondaria, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Luo F, Qin G, Wang L, Fang X. Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging Reveals GABAB Receptor Aggregation State Changes. Front Chem 2022; 9:779940. [PMID: 35127643 PMCID: PMC8807474 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.779940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The GABAB receptor is a typical G protein–coupled receptor, and its functional impairment is related to a variety of diseases. While the premise of GABAB receptor activation is the formation of heterodimers, the receptor also forms a tetramer on the cell membrane. Thus, it is important to study the effect of the GABAB receptor aggregation state on its activation and signaling. In this study, we have applied single-molecule photobleaching step counting and single-molecule tracking methods to investigate the formation and change of GABAB dimers and tetramers. A single-molecule stoichiometry assay of the wild-type and mutant receptors revealed the key sites on the interface of ligand-binding domains of the receptor for its dimerization. Moreover, we found that the receptor showed different aggregation behaviors at different conditions. Our results offered new evidence for a better understanding of the molecular basis for GABAB receptor aggregation and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - GeGe Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Fang,
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Fritzius T, Stawarski M, Isogai S, Bettler B. Structural Basis of GABA B Receptor Regulation and Signaling. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 52:19-37. [PMID: 32812202 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
GABAB receptors (GBRs), the G protein-coupled receptors for the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), activate Go/i-type G proteins that regulate adenylyl cyclase, Ca2+ channels, and K+ channels. GBR signaling to enzymes and ion channels influences neuronal activity, plasticity processes, and network activity throughout the brain. GBRs are obligatory heterodimers composed of GB1a or GB1b subunits with a GB2 subunit. Heterodimeric GB1a/2 and GB1b/2 receptors represent functional units that associate in a modular fashion with regulatory, trafficking, and effector proteins to generate receptors with distinct physiological functions. This review summarizes current knowledge on the structure, organization, and functions of multi-protein GBR complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Fritzius
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Physiology, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michal Stawarski
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Physiology, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shin Isogai
- Biozentrum, Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Microbial Downstream Process Development, Lonza AG, Visp, Switzerland.
| | - Bernhard Bettler
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Physiology, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Klimochkin YN, Tkachenko IM, Reznikov AN, Shiryaev VA, Kazachkova MS, Kovalev NS, Bakulin DA, Abrosimova EE, Kurkin DV, Tyurenkov IN. Synthesis and Evaluation of the Psychotropic Activity of Framework Derivatives of Alpha-Pyrrolidone. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021060108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Biophysical and functional characterization of the human TAS1R2 sweet taste receptor overexpressed in a HEK293S inducible cell line. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22238. [PMID: 34782704 PMCID: PMC8593021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet taste perception is mediated by a heterodimeric receptor formed by the assembly of the TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 subunits. TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 are class C G-protein-coupled receptors whose members share a common topology, including a large extracellular N-terminal domain (NTD) linked to a seven transmembrane domain (TMD) by a cysteine-rich domain. TAS1R2-NTD contains the primary binding site for sweet compounds, including natural sugars and high-potency sweeteners, whereas the TAS1R2-TMD has been shown to bind a limited number of sweet tasting compounds. To understand the molecular mechanisms governing receptor–ligand interactions, we overexpressed the human TAS1R2 (hTAS1R2) in a stable tetracycline-inducible HEK293S cell line and purified the detergent-solubilized receptor. Circular dichroism spectroscopic studies revealed that hTAS1R2 was properly folded with evidence of secondary structures. Using size exclusion chromatography coupled to light scattering, we found that the hTAS1R2 subunit is a dimer. Ligand binding properties were quantified by intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. Due to technical limitations, natural sugars have not been tested. However, we showed that hTAS1R2 is capable of binding high potency sweeteners with Kd values that are in agreement with physiological detection. This study offers a new experimental strategy to identify new sweeteners or taste modulators that act on the hTAS1R2 and is a prerequisite for structural query and biophysical studies.
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Jang J, Kim SK, Guthrie B, Goddard WA. Synergic Effects in the Activation of the Sweet Receptor GPCR Heterodimer for Various Sweeteners Predicted Using Molecular Metadynamics Simulations. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12250-12261. [PMID: 34613740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sweet taste is elicited by activation of the TAS1R2/1R3 heterodimer G protein-coupled receptor. This is a therapeutic target for treatment of obesity and metabolic dysfunctions. Sweetener blends provide attractive strategies to lower the sugar level while preserving the attractive taste of food. To understand the synergic effect of various sweetener blend combinations of artificial and natural sweeteners, we carried out our molecular dynamics studies using predicted structures of the TAS1R2/1R3 heterodimer and predicted structures for the sweeteners. We used as a measure of activation the intracellular ionic lock distance between transmembrane helices 3 and 6 of TAS1R3. We find that full synergic combinations [rebaudioside A (Reb-A)/acesulfame K and Reb-A/sucralose] and partial synergic combinations (sucralose/acesulfame K) show significantly more negative changes in the free energy compared to single-ligand cases, while a pair known to be suppressive (saccharin and acesulfame K) shows significantly less changes than for the single-ligand case. This study provides an atomistic understanding of the mechanism for synergy and identifies new combinations of sweeteners to reduce the caloric content for treating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewan Jang
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian Guthrie
- Cargill Global Core Research, Wayzata, Minnesota 55391, United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Lin TY, Lu CW, Hsieh PW, Chiu KM, Lee MY, Wang SJ. Natural Product Isoliquiritigenin Activates GABA B Receptors to Decrease Voltage-Gate Ca 2+ Channels and Glutamate Release in Rat Cerebrocortical Nerve Terminals. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101537. [PMID: 34680170 PMCID: PMC8534184 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction in glutamate release is a key mechanism for neuroprotection and we investigated the effect of isoliquiritigenin (ISL), an active ingredient of Glycyrrhiza with neuroprotective activities, on glutamate release in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). ISL produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of glutamate release and reduced the intraterminal [Ca2+] increase. The inhibition of glutamate release by ISL was prevented after removing extracellular Ca2+ or blocking P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. This inhibition was mediated through the γ-aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) receptors because ISL was unable to inhibit glutamate release in the presence of baclofen (an GABAB agonist) or CGP3548 (an GABAB antagonist) and docking data revealed that ISL interacted with GABAB receptors. Furthermore, the ISL inhibition of glutamate release was abolished through the inhibition of Gi/o-mediated responses or Gβγ subunits, but not by 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate or adenylate cyclase inhibition. The ISL inhibition of glutamate release was also abolished through the inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC), and ISL decreased the phosphorylation of PKC. Thus, we inferred that ISL, through GABAB receptor activation and Gβγ-coupled inhibition of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels, suppressed the PKC phosphorylation to cause a decrease in evoked glutamate release at rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao District, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao District, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsieh
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ming Chiu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (K.-M.C.); (M.-Y.L.)
- Department of Nursing, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (K.-M.C.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +88-62-2905-3465; Fax: +88-62-2905-2096
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Aida H, Morita R, Shigeta Y, Harada R. In silico mutational analyses reveal different ligand-binding abilities of double pockets of medaka fish taste receptor type 1 essential for efficient taste recognition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20398-20405. [PMID: 34494045 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02876f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Taste receptors are important sensors for the detection of nutrient concentrations in animals. Tastes are recognized by interactions between chemical substances and taste receptors. Recently, the high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of the extracellular ligand-binding domains (LBDs) of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) taste receptor type 1 (T1r) complexed with ligands (amino acids) was determined. Medaka fish T1r is a heterodimer composed of two different LBDs, T1r2aLBD and T1r3LBD. In this study, we performed all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on this heterodimer (T1r2aLBD-T1r3LBD) to address mutational effects on key residues near each ligand-binding pocket in recognizing one of the ligands (L-Gln). For T1r2aLBD, Ser165 is important in ligand recognition due to its direct hydrogen bonding with the ligand. After mutating Ser165 to Ile or Ala, the direct hydrogen bonds between the ligand and the binding pocket were weakened, which destabilized the ligand-binding form of T1r2aLBD. For T1r3LBD, Ser300 is important in ligand recognition. The water-mediated hydrogen bond with the side-chain hydroxyl group of Ser300 is a single interaction that maintains the ligand-binding form of T1r3LBD. After mutating Ser300 to Glu or Ala, both mutant systems almost maintained their ligand-binding form. As a mechanism for maintaining the binding form of T1r3LBD, alternative hydrogen bonds were formed as direct interactions instead of the indirect water-mediated interactions found in the wild-type system, which stabilized the binding form of T1r3LBD. Judging from our in silico mutational analyses, T1r2aLBD was structurally destabilized by the amino acid mutations. Therefore, it might be required that the ligand-binding pocket of T1r2aLBD is composed of a set of specific residues to maintain its ligand-binding form. On the contrary, T1r3LBD was robust enough to withstand the amino acid mutations. These different ligand-binding abilities of both LBDs provide multiple binding modes, which might be helpful for discriminating various taste substances or detecting concentrations of nutrients efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Aida
- Master's Program in Biology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Rikuri Morita
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Master's Program in Biology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan. .,Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Harada
- Master's Program in Biology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan. .,Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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31
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Chen X, Wang L, Cui Q, Ding Z, Han L, Kou Y, Zhang W, Wang H, Jia X, Dai M, Shi Z, Li Y, Li X, Geng Y. Structural insights into the activation of human calcium-sensing receptor. eLife 2021; 10:68578. [PMID: 34467854 PMCID: PMC8476121 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that maintains Ca2+ homeostasis in serum. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structures of the CaSR in the inactive and agonist+PAM bound states. Complemented with previously reported structures of CaSR, we show that in addition to the full inactive and active states, there are multiple intermediate states during the activation of CaSR. We used a negative allosteric nanobody to stabilize the CaSR in the fully inactive state and found a new binding site for Ca2+ ion that acts as a composite agonist with L-amino acid to stabilize the closure of active Venus flytraps. Our data show that agonist binding leads to compaction of the dimer, proximity of the cysteine-rich domains, large-scale transitions of seven-transmembrane domains, and inter- and intrasubunit conformational changes of seven-transmembrane domains to accommodate downstream transducers. Our results reveal the structural basis for activation mechanisms of CaSR and clarify the mode of action of Ca2+ ions and L-amino acid leading to the activation of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Chen
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Cui
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanyu Ding
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Han
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Kou
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haonan Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Jia
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Dai
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhong Shi
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Li
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyang Li
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Geng
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wen T, Wang Z, Chen X, Ren Y, Lu X, Xing Y, Lu J, Chang S, Zhang X, Shen Y, Yang X. Structural basis for activation and allosteric modulation of full-length calcium-sensing receptor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/23/eabg1483. [PMID: 34088669 PMCID: PMC8177707 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a class C G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays an important role in calcium homeostasis and parathyroid hormone secretion. Here, we present multiple cryo-electron microscopy structures of full-length CaSR in distinct ligand-bound states. Ligands (Ca2+ and l-tryptophan) bind to the extracellular domain of CaSR and induce large-scale conformational changes, leading to the closure of two heptahelical transmembrane domains (7TMDs) for activation. The positive modulator (evocalcet) and the negative allosteric modulator (NPS-2143) occupy the similar binding pocket in 7TMD. The binding of NPS-2143 causes a considerable rearrangement of two 7TMDs, forming an inactivated TM6/TM6 interface. Moreover, a total of 305 disease-causing missense mutations of CaSR have been mapped to the structure in the active state, creating hotspot maps of five clinical endocrine disorders. Our results provide a structural framework for understanding the activation, allosteric modulation mechanism, and disease therapy for class C GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaozhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yue Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xuhang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yangfei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shenghai Chang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuequan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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GABA B Receptor Chemistry and Pharmacology: Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 52:81-118. [PMID: 34036555 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The GABAB receptors are metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that mediate the actions of the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the CNS, GABA plays an important role in behavior, learning and memory, cognition, and stress. GABA is also located throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and is involved in the autonomic control of the intestine and esophageal reflex. Consequently, dysregulated GABAB receptor signaling is associated with neurological, mental health, and gastrointestinal disorders; hence, these receptors have been identified as key therapeutic targets and are the focus of multiple drug discovery efforts for indications such as muscle spasticity disorders, schizophrenia, pain, addiction, and gastroesophageal reflex disease (GERD). Numerous agonists, antagonists, and allosteric modulators of the GABAB receptor have been described; however, Lioresal® (Baclofen; β-(4-chlorophenyl)-γ-aminobutyric acid) is the only FDA-approved drug that selectively targets GABAB receptors in clinical use; undesirable side effects, such as sedation, muscle weakness, fatigue, cognitive deficits, seizures, tolerance and potential for abuse, limit their therapeutic use. Here, we review GABAB receptor chemistry and pharmacology, presenting orthosteric agonists, antagonists, and positive and negative allosteric modulators, and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting GABAB receptor modulation for the treatment of various CNS and peripheral disorders.
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Shaye H, Stauch B, Gati C, Cherezov V. Molecular mechanisms of metabotropic GABA B receptor function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/22/eabg3362. [PMID: 34049877 PMCID: PMC8163086 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic γ-aminobutyric acid G protein-coupled receptors (GABAB) represent one of the two main types of inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the brain. These receptors act both pre- and postsynaptically by modulating the transmission of neuronal signals and are involved in a range of neurological diseases, from alcohol addiction to epilepsy. A series of recent cryo-EM studies revealed critical details of the activation mechanism of GABAB Structures are now available for the receptor bound to ligands with different modes of action, including antagonists, agonists, and positive allosteric modulators, and captured in different conformational states from the inactive apo to the fully active state bound to a G protein. These discoveries provide comprehensive insights into the activation of the GABAB receptor, which not only broaden our understanding of its structure, pharmacology, and physiological effects but also will ultimately facilitate the discovery of new therapeutic drugs and neuromodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Shaye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Stauch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cornelius Gati
- Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Biosciences Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Structural mechanism of cooperative activation of the human calcium-sensing receptor by Ca 2+ ions and L-tryptophan. Cell Res 2021; 31:383-394. [PMID: 33603117 PMCID: PMC8115157 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a class C G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) responsible for maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis in the blood. The general consensus is that extracellular Ca2+ is the principal agonist of CaSR. Aliphatic and aromatic L-amino acids, such as L-Phe and L-Trp, increase the sensitivity of CaSR towards Ca2+ and are considered allosteric activators. Crystal structures of the extracellular domain (ECD) of CaSR dimer have demonstrated Ca2+ and L-Trp binding sites and conformational changes of the ECD upon Ca2+/L-Trp binding. However, it remains to be understood at the structural level how Ca2+/L-Trp binding to the ECD leads to conformational changes in transmembrane domains (TMDs) and consequent CaSR activation. Here, we determined the structures of full-length human CaSR in the inactive state, Ca2+- or L-Trp-bound states, and Ca2+/L-Trp-bound active state using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. Structural studies demonstrate that L-Trp binding induces the closure of the Venus flytrap (VFT) domain of CaSR, bringing the receptor into an intermediate active state. Ca2+ binding relays the conformational changes from the VFT domains to the TMDs, consequently inducing close contact between the two TMDs of dimeric CaSR, activating the receptor. Importantly, our structural and functional studies reveal that Ca2+ ions and L-Trp activate CaSR cooperatively. Amino acids are not able to activate CaSR alone, but can promote the receptor activation in the presence of Ca2+. Our data provide complementary insights into the activation of class C GPCRs and may aid in the development of novel drugs targeting CaSR.
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Porcu A, Mostallino R, Serra V, Melis M, Sogos V, Beggiato S, Ferraro L, Manetti F, Gianibbi B, Bettler B, Corelli F, Mugnaini C, Castelli MP. COR758, a negative allosteric modulator of GABA B receptors. Neuropharmacology 2021; 189:108537. [PMID: 33798546 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric modulators of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), including GABABRs (GABABRs), are promising therapeutic candidates. While several positive allosteric modulators (PAM) of GABABRs have been characterized, only recently the first negative allosteric modulator (NAM) has been described. In the present study, we report the characterization of COR758, which acts as GABABR NAM in rat cortical membranes and CHO cells stably expressing GABABRs (CHO-GABAB). COR758 failed to displace the antagonist [3H]CGP54626 from the orthosteric binding site of GABABRs showing that it acts through an allosteric binding site. Docking studies revealed a possible new allosteric binding site for COR758 in the intrahelical pocket of the GABAB1 monomer. COR758 inhibited basal and GABABR-stimulated O-(3-[35Sthio)-triphosphate ([35S]GTPγS) binding in brain membranes and blocked the enhancement of GABABR-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding by the PAM GS39783. Bioluminescent resonance energy transfer (BRET) measurements in CHO-GABAB cells showed that COR758 inhibited G protein activation by GABA and altered GABABR subunit rearrangements. Additionally, the compound altered GABABR-mediated signaling such as baclofen-induced inhibition of cAMP production in transfected HEK293 cells, agonist-induced Ca2+ mobilization as well as baclofen and the ago-PAM CGP7930 induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) in CHO-GABAB cells. COR758 also prevented baclofen-induced outward currents recorded from rat dopamine neurons, substantiating its property as a NAM for GABABRs. Altogether, these data indicate that COR758 inhibits G protein signaling by GABABRs, likely by interacting with an allosteric binding-site. Therefore, COR758 might serve as a scaffold to develop additional NAMs for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Porcu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rafaela Mostallino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Valeria Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Miriam Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Valeria Sogos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Sarah Beggiato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Medicinal and Health Products, and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Medicinal and Health Products, and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, SI, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gianibbi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, SI, Italy
| | - Bernhard Bettler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Federico Corelli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, SI, Italy
| | - Claudia Mugnaini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, SI, Italy
| | - M Paola Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy; Guy Everett Laboratory, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy; Center of Excellence "Neurobiology of Addiction", University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy.
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Smith NJ, Grant JN, Moon JI, So SS, Finch AM. Critically evaluating sweet taste receptor expression and signaling through a molecular pharmacology lens. FEBS J 2021; 288:2660-2672. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J. Smith
- Orphan Receptor Laboratory School of Medical Sciences UNSW Sydney Kensington Australia
| | - Jennifer N. Grant
- Orphan Receptor Laboratory School of Medical Sciences UNSW Sydney Kensington Australia
- G Protein‐Coupled Receptor Laboratory School of Medical Sciences UNSW Sydney Kensington Australia
| | - Justin I. Moon
- Orphan Receptor Laboratory School of Medical Sciences UNSW Sydney Kensington Australia
- G Protein‐Coupled Receptor Laboratory School of Medical Sciences UNSW Sydney Kensington Australia
| | - Sean S. So
- Orphan Receptor Laboratory School of Medical Sciences UNSW Sydney Kensington Australia
| | - Angela M. Finch
- G Protein‐Coupled Receptor Laboratory School of Medical Sciences UNSW Sydney Kensington Australia
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Bruni O, Ferini-Strambi L, Giacomoni E, Pellegrino P. Herbal Remedies and Their Possible Effect on the GABAergic System and Sleep. Nutrients 2021; 13:530. [PMID: 33561990 PMCID: PMC7914492 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an essential component of physical and emotional well-being, and lack, or disruption, of sleep due to insomnia is a highly prevalent problem. The interest in complementary and alternative medicines for treating or preventing insomnia has increased recently. Centuries-old herbal treatments, popular for their safety and effectiveness, include valerian, passionflower, lemon balm, lavender, and Californian poppy. These herbal medicines have been shown to reduce sleep latency and increase subjective and objective measures of sleep quality. Research into their molecular components revealed that their sedative and sleep-promoting properties rely on interactions with various neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that plays a major role in controlling different vigilance states. GABA receptors are the targets of many pharmacological treatments for insomnia, such as benzodiazepines. Here, we perform a systematic analysis of studies assessing the mechanisms of action of various herbal medicines on different subtypes of GABA receptors in the context of sleep control. Currently available evidence suggests that herbal extracts may exert some of their hypnotic and anxiolytic activity through interacting with GABA receptors and modulating GABAergic signaling in the brain, but their mechanism of action in the treatment of insomnia is not completely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliviero Bruni
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- Department of Neurology, Ospedale San Raffaele Turro, 20127 Milan, Italy;
- Sleep Disorders Center, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Giacomoni
- Department of Medical Affairs, Sanofi Consumer HealthCare, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (P.P.)
| | - Paolo Pellegrino
- Department of Medical Affairs, Sanofi Consumer HealthCare, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (P.P.)
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Yang D, Zhou Q, Labroska V, Qin S, Darbalaei S, Wu Y, Yuliantie E, Xie L, Tao H, Cheng J, Liu Q, Zhao S, Shui W, Jiang Y, Wang MW. G protein-coupled receptors: structure- and function-based drug discovery. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:7. [PMID: 33414387 PMCID: PMC7790836 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most successful therapeutic target families, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have experienced a transformation from random ligand screening to knowledge-driven drug design. We are eye-witnessing tremendous progresses made recently in the understanding of their structure-function relationships that facilitated drug development at an unprecedented pace. This article intends to provide a comprehensive overview of this important field to a broader readership that shares some common interests in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Yang
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingtong Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Viktorija Labroska
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Sanaz Darbalaei
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Elita Yuliantie
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Linshan Xie
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Houchao Tao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Shui
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Jiang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China. .,The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 201203, Shanghai, China.
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Corin K, Tegler LT, Koutsopoulos S. G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Expression and Purification. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2178:439-467. [PMID: 33128765 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0775-6_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral proteins of the cell membrane and are directly involved in the regulation of many biological functions and in drug targeting. However, our knowledge of GPCRs' structure and function remains limited. The first bottleneck in GPCR studies is producing sufficient quantities of soluble, functional, and stable receptors. Currently, GPCR production largely depends on the choice of the host system and the type of detergent used to extract the GPCR from the cell membrane and stabilize the protein outside the membrane bilayer. Here, we present three protocols that we employ in our lab to produce and solubilize stable GPCRs: (1) cell-free in vitro translation, (2) HEK cells, and (3) Escherichia coli. Stable receptors can be purified using immunoaffinity chromatography and gel filtration, and can be analyzed with standard biophysical techniques and biochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Corin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lotta T Tegler
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sotirios Koutsopoulos
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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41
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Ellaithy A, Gonzalez-Maeso J, Logothetis DA, Levitz J. Structural and Biophysical Mechanisms of Class C G Protein-Coupled Receptor Function. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:1049-1064. [PMID: 32861513 PMCID: PMC7642020 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Groundbreaking structural and spectroscopic studies of class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as rhodopsin and the β2 adrenergic receptor, have provided a picture of how structural rearrangements between transmembrane helices control ligand binding, receptor activation, and effector coupling. However, the activation mechanism of other GPCR classes remains more elusive, in large part due to complexity in their domain assembly and quaternary structure. In this review, we focus on the class C GPCRs, which include metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and gamma-aminobutyric acid B (GABAB) receptors (GABABRs) most prominently. We discuss the unique biophysical questions raised by the presence of large extracellular ligand-binding domains (LBDs) and constitutive homo/heterodimerization. Furthermore, we discuss how recent studies have begun to unravel how these fundamental class C GPCR features impact the processes of ligand binding, receptor activation, signal transduction, regulation by accessory proteins, and crosstalk with other GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ellaithy
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Javier Gonzalez-Maeso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Diomedes A Logothetis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Science and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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42
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Krull F, Hirschfeld M, Wemheuer WE, Brenig B. Frameshift Variant in Novel Adenosine-A1-Receptor Homolog Associated With Bovine Spastic Syndrome/Late-Onset Bovine Spastic Paresis in Holstein Sires. Front Genet 2020; 11:591794. [PMID: 33329738 PMCID: PMC7734149 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.591794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their first description almost 100 years ago, bovine spastic paresis (BSP) and bovine spastic syndrome (BSS) are assumed to be inherited neuronal-progressive diseases in cattle. Affected animals are characterized by (frequent) spasms primarily located in the hind limbs, accompanied by severe pain symptoms and reduced vigor, thus initiating premature slaughter or euthanasia. Due to the late onset of BSP and BSS and the massively decreased lifespan of modern cattle, the importance of these diseases is underestimated. In the present study, BSP/BSS-affected German Holstein breeding sires from artificial insemination centers were collected and pedigree analysis, genome-wide association studies, whole genome resequencing, protein-protein interaction network analysis, and protein-homology modeling were performed to elucidate the genetic background. The analysis of 46 affected and 213 control cattle revealed four significantly associated positions on chromosome 15 (BTA15), i.e., AC_000172.1:g.83465449A>G (-log10P = 19.17), AC_000172.1:g.81871849C>T (-log10P = 8.31), AC_000172.1:g.81872621A>T (-log10P = 6.81), and AC_000172.1:g.81872661G>C (-log10P = 6.42). Two additional loci were significantly associated located on BTA8 and BTA19, i.e., AC_000165.1:g.71177788T>C and AC_000176.1:g.30140977T>G, respectively. Whole genome resequencing of five affected individuals and six unaffected relatives (two fathers, two mothers, a half sibling, and a full sibling) belonging to three different not directly related families was performed. After filtering, a homozygous loss of function variant was identified in the affected cattle, causing a frameshift in the so far unknown gene locus LOC100848076 encoding an adenosine-A1-receptor homolog. An allele frequency of the variant of 0.74 was determined in 3,093 samples of the 1000 Bull Genomes Project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Krull
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marc Hirschfeld
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Ewald Wemheuer
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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43
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Ectopic activation of GABA B receptors inhibits neurogenesis and metamorphosis in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 5:111-121. [PMID: 33168995 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-01338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The metabotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor (GABABR) is a G protein-coupled receptor that mediates neuronal inhibition by the neurotransmitter GABA. While GABABR-mediated signalling has been suggested to play central roles in neuronal differentiation and proliferation across evolution, it has mostly been studied in the mammalian brain. Here, we demonstrate that ectopic activation of GABABR signalling affects neurogenic functions in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. We identified four putative Nematostella GABABR homologues presenting conserved three-dimensional extracellular domains and residues needed for binding GABA and the GABABR agonist baclofen. Moreover, sustained activation of GABABR signalling reversibly arrests the critical metamorphosis transition from planktonic larva to sessile polyp life stage. To understand the processes that underlie the developmental arrest, we combined transcriptomic and spatial analyses of control and baclofen-treated larvae. Our findings reveal that the cnidarian neurogenic programme is arrested following the addition of baclofen to developing larvae. Specifically, neuron development and neurite extension were inhibited, resulting in an underdeveloped and less organized nervous system and downregulation of proneural factors including NvSoxB(2), NvNeuroD1 and NvElav1. Our results thus point to an evolutionarily conserved function of GABABR in neurogenesis regulation and shed light on early cnidarian development.
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44
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Structural Basis for Activation of the Heterodimeric GABAB Receptor. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5966-5984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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45
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Gao J, Gao Y, Lin S, Zou X, Zhu Y, Chen X, Wan H, Zhu H. Effects of activating GABAB1 receptor on proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ovarian cancer cells. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:126. [PMID: 33099319 PMCID: PMC7585685 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the effects of activating GABAB1 receptor by baclofen on proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ovarian cancer cells. RESULTS One hundred μmol/L, 200 μmol/L and 300 μmol/L were selected as low, medium and high baclofen concentrations respectively. Cells were divided into four groups: Control, 100 μmol/L, 200 μmol/L and 300 μmol/L. Compared with the control group, the viability, colony formation, migration and invasion of SKOV3 cells were inhibited, and the apoptosis of SKOV3 cells were enhanced significantly at 200 μmol/L and 300 μmol/L baclofen. Moreover, they changed significantly with the increase of baclofen concentration. Compared with the control group, the expression of E-cadherin and GABAB1 increased and the N-cadherin expression decreased significantly in 200 μmol/L and 300 μmol/L groups. Higher concentration of baclofen induced higher expression of E-cadherin and lower expression of N-cadherin. CONCLUSION Baclofen inhibited the proliferation, cloning, migration, invasion and EMT of ovarian cancer cells by activating GABAB1 receptor. These results might contribute a lot to clarify the role and possible mechanism of GABAB1 receptor in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Xiangshanbei Road 128, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yao Gao
- Postgraduate Department, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shixin Lin
- Postgraduate Department, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xia Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Xiangshanbei Road 128, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yukai Zhu
- Postgraduate Department, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xintong Chen
- Postgraduate Department, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hong Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Xiangshanbei Road 128, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Xiangshanbei Road 128, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China.
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Zhang S, Xue L, Liu X, Zhang XC, Zhou R, Zhao H, Shen C, Pin JP, Rondard P, Liu J. Structural basis for distinct quality control mechanisms of GABA B receptor during evolution. FASEB J 2020; 34:16348-16363. [PMID: 33058267 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001355rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface trafficking of many G protein-coupled receptors is tightly regulated. Among them, the mandatory heterodimer GABAB receptor for the main inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is a model. In mammals, its cell surface trafficking is highly controlled by an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal in the C-terminal intracellular region of the GB1 subunit that is masked through a coiled-coil interaction with the GB2 subunit. Here, we investigate the molecular basis for the export of its homolog in Drosophila melanogaster that regulates the circadian rhythm and sleep. In contrast to mammals, the endoplasmic retention signal is carried by GB2, while GB1 reaches the cell surface alone. NMR analysis showed that the coiled-coil domain that controls GABAB heterodimer formation is structurally conserved between flies and mammals, despite specific features. These findings show the adaptation of a similar quality control system during evolution for maintaining the subunit composition of a functional heterodimeric receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Zhang
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Xue
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- Core Facility for Protein Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Cai Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cangsong Shen
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Rondard
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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Structural Mechanism of Cooperative Regulation of Calcium-Sensing Receptor-Mediated Cellular Signaling. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 17:269-277. [PMID: 33709045 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Calcaium sensing receptors (CaSRs) play a central role in regulating extracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and many (patho)physiological processes. This regulation is primarily orchestrated in response to extracellular stimuli via the extracellular domain (ECD). This paper first reviews the modeled structure of the CaSR ECD and the prediction and investigation of the Ca2+ and amino acid binding sites. Several recently solved X-ray structures are then compared to support a proposed CaSR activation model involving functional cooperativity. The review also discusses recent implications for drug development. These studies provide new insights into the molecular basis of diseases and the design of therapeutic agents that target CaSR and other family C G protein-coupled receptors (cGPCRs).
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48
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Binding of clozapine to the GABA B receptor: clinical and structural insights. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1910-1919. [PMID: 32203158 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Clozapine is the gold-standard agent for treatment resistant schizophrenia but its mechanism of action remains unclear. There is emerging evidence of the potential role of the GABAB receptor in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. It has been hypothesised that clozapine can mediate its actions via the GABAB receptor. Baclofen is currently recognised as the prototype GABAB receptor agonist. There are some potential clinical similarities between clozapine and baclofen. Indeed, baclofen has been previously proposed for use as an antipsychotic agent. Our analysis of the X-ray crystal structure of GABAB receptor along with molecular docking calculations, suggests that clozapine could directly bind to the GABAB receptor similar to that of baclofen. This finding could lead to a better understanding of the pharmacological uniqueness of clozapine, potential development of a biomarker for treatment resistant schizophrenia and the development of more targeted treatments leading to personalisation of treatment.
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Park J, Fu Z, Frangaj A, Liu J, Mosyak L, Shen T, Slavkovich VN, Ray KM, Taura J, Cao B, Geng Y, Zuo H, Kou Y, Grassucci R, Chen S, Liu Z, Lin X, Williams JP, Rice WJ, Eng ET, Huang RK, Soni RK, Kloss B, Yu Z, Javitch JA, Hendrickson WA, Slesinger PA, Quick M, Graziano J, Yu H, Fiehn O, Clarke OB, Frank J, Fan QR. Structure of human GABA B receptor in an inactive state. Nature 2020; 584:304-309. [PMID: 32581365 PMCID: PMC7725281 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The human GABAB receptor-a member of the class C family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)-mediates inhibitory neurotransmission and has been implicated in epilepsy, pain and addiction1. A unique GPCR that is known to require heterodimerization for function2-6, the GABAB receptor has two subunits, GABAB1 and GABAB2, that are structurally homologous but perform distinct and complementary functions. GABAB1 recognizes orthosteric ligands7,8, while GABAB2 couples with G proteins9-14. Each subunit is characterized by an extracellular Venus flytrap (VFT) module, a descending peptide linker, a seven-helix transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail15. Although the VFT heterodimer structure has been resolved16, the structure of the full-length receptor and its transmembrane signalling mechanism remain unknown. Here we present a near full-length structure of the GABAB receptor, captured in an inactive state by cryo-electron microscopy. Our structure reveals several ligands that preassociate with the receptor, including two large endogenous phospholipids that are embedded within the transmembrane domains to maintain receptor integrity and modulate receptor function. We also identify a previously unknown heterodimer interface between transmembrane helices 3 and 5 of both subunits, which serves as a signature of the inactive conformation. A unique 'intersubunit latch' within this transmembrane interface maintains the inactive state, and its disruption leads to constitutive receptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ziao Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aurel Frangaj
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lidia Mosyak
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tong Shen
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Vesna N Slavkovich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly M Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaume Taura
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baohua Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yong Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yongjun Kou
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert Grassucci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shaoxia Chen
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin P Williams
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - William J Rice
- National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward T Eng
- National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rick K Huang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Rajesh K Soni
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Kloss
- Center on Membrane Protein Production and Analysis, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhiheng Yu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wayne A Hendrickson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center on Membrane Protein Production and Analysis, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul A Slesinger
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthias Quick
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Oliver B Clarke
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology and the Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Joachim Frank
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Qing R Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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50
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Jiang Y, Xu HE. GABA B receptor pas de deux: insights from high-resolution structures. Cell Res 2020; 30:631-632. [PMID: 32651455 PMCID: PMC7395756 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - H Eric Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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