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Huang Y, Liu F, Lai J, Jiang S, Tan X, Chen L, Xu Y, Xiong X, Deng Y. The adjuvant treatment role of ω-3 fatty acids by regulating gut microbiota positively in the acne vulgaris. J DERMATOL TREAT 2024; 35:2299107. [PMID: 38164791 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2299107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Objectives:We aimed to explore the potential role of omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids on acne vulgaris by modulating gut microbiota.Materials and Methods:We randomly divided the untreated acne patients into two groups with or without ω-3 fatty acids intervention for 12 weeks. The Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with acne model were given isotretinoin, ω-3 fatty acids or their combination respectively. Then the colonic contents samples of the drug intervention SD rats were transferred to the pseudo sterile rats with acne model. The severity of the disease was assessed by the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) score of the patients, and the swelling rate of auricle and the pathological section of the rat with acne model. The 16S rDNA gene sequencing was performed to detect the alteration of the gut microbiota.Results:ω-3 fatty acids could increase the diversity of the gut microbiota and regulate the flora structure positively both in the patients and rats, increase the abundance of butyric acid producing bacteria and GAGS score in the patients, and alleviate the inflammation and comedones of rats.Conclusion:Supplementation of ω-3 fatty acids could alleviate the inflammation of acne vulgaris by increasing the abundance of butyric acid producing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Huang
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuming Liu
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jindong Lai
- Department of Dermatology, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyu Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Tan
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingna Chen
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongqiong Deng
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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2
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Li J, Li Y, Zhou L, Li H, Wan T, Tang J, Zhou L, Xie H, Wang L. Microbiome analysis reveals the inducing effect of Pseudomonas on prostatic hyperplasia via activating NF-κB signalling. Virulence 2024; 15:2313410. [PMID: 38378443 PMCID: PMC10880505 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2313410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent disease among middle-aged and elderly males, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. Dysbiosis of the microbiome is increasingly recognized as a significant factor in various human diseases. Prostate tissue also contains a unique microbiome, and its dysbiosis has been proposed to contribute to prostate diseases. Here, we obtained prostate tissues and preoperative catheterized urine from 24 BPH individuals, and 8 normal prostate samples as controls, which followed strict aseptic measures. Using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), we found the disparities in the microbiome composition between normal and BPH tissues, with Pseudomonas significantly enriched in BPH tissues, as confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Additionally, we showed that the prostate microbiome differed from the urine microbiome. In vitro experiments revealed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas activated NF-κB signalling, leading to inflammation, proliferation, and EMT processes, while inhibiting apoptosis in prostatic cells. Overall, our research determines the presence of microbiome dysbiosis in BPH, and suggests that Pseudomonas, as the dominant microflora, may promote the progression of BPH through LPS activation of NF-κB signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaren Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Youyou Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongming Li
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tengfei Wan
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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3
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Kasperek MC, Velasquez Galeas A, Caetano-Silva ME, Xie Z, Ulanov A, La Frano M, Devkota S, Miller MJ, Allen JM. Microbial aromatic amino acid metabolism is modifiable in fermented food matrices to promote bioactivity. Food Chem 2024; 454:139798. [PMID: 38823201 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Ingestion of fermented foods impacts human immune function, yet the bioactive food components underlying these effects are not understood. Here, we interrogated whether fermented food bioactivity relates to microbial metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids, termed aryl-lactates. Using targeted metabolomics, we established the presence of aryl-lactates in commercially available fermented foods. After pinpointing fermented food-associated lactic acid bacteria that produce high levels of aryl-lactates, we identified fermentation conditions to increase aryl-lactate production in food matrices up to 5 × 103 fold vs. standard fermentation conditions. Using ex vivo reporter assays, we found that food matrix conditions optimized for aryl-lactate production exhibited enhanced agonist activity for the human aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as compared to standard fermentation conditions and commercial products. Reduced microbial-induced AhR activity has emerged as a hallmark of many chronic inflammatory diseases, thus we envision strategies to enhance AhR bioactivity of fermented foods to be leveraged to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela C Kasperek
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Adriana Velasquez Galeas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Maria Elisa Caetano-Silva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Zifan Xie
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Alexander Ulanov
- Carver Metabolomics Core, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Michael La Frano
- Carver Metabolomics Core, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Suzanne Devkota
- Human Microbiome Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Michael J Miller
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Jacob M Allen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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4
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Réthi-Nagy Z, Juhász S. Microbiome's Universe: Impact on health, disease and cancer treatment. J Biotechnol 2024; 392:161-179. [PMID: 39009231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The human microbiome is a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms that reside in the body and influence various aspects of health and well-being. Recent advances in sequencing technology have brought to light microbial communities in organs and tissues that were previously considered sterile. The gut microbiota plays an important role in host physiology, including metabolic functions and immune modulation. Disruptions in the balance of the microbiome, known as dysbiosis, have been linked to diseases such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease and metabolic disorders. In addition, the administration of antibiotics can lead to dysbiosis by disrupting the structure and function of the gut microbial community. Targeting strategies are the key to rebalancing the microbiome and fighting disease, including cancer, through interventions such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and bacteria-based therapies. Future research must focus on understanding the complex interactions between diet, the microbiome and cancer in order to optimize personalized interventions. Multidisciplinary collaborations are essential if we are going to translate microbiome research into clinical practice. This will revolutionize approaches to cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsánna Réthi-Nagy
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Cancer Microbiome Core Group, Budapesti út 9, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Juhász
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Cancer Microbiome Core Group, Budapesti út 9, Szeged H-6728, Hungary.
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5
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Guo Y, Ren C, He Y, Wu Y, Yang X. Deciphering the spatiotemporal transcriptional landscape of intestinal diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:157. [PMID: 38994768 PMCID: PMC11258600 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestines are the largest barrier organ in the human body. The intestinal barrier plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the intestinal environment and protecting the intestines from harmful bacterial invasion. Single‑cell RNA sequencing technology allows the detection of the different cell types in the intestine in two dimensions and the exploration of cell types that have not been fully characterized. The intestinal mucosa is highly complex in structure, and its proper functioning is linked to multiple structures in the proximal‑distal intestinal and luminal‑mucosal axes. Spatial localization is at the core of the efforts to explore the interactions between the complex structures. Spatial transcriptomics (ST) is a method that allows for comprehensive tissue analysis and the acquisition of spatially separated genetic information from individual cells, while preserving their spatial location and interactions. This approach also prevents the loss of fragile cells during tissue disaggregation. The emergence of ST technology allows us to spatially dissect enzymatic processes and interactions between multiple cells, genes, proteins and signals in the intestine. This includes the exchange of oxygen and nutrients in the intestine, different gradients of microbial populations and the role of extracellular matrix proteins. This regionally precise approach to tissue studies is gaining more acceptance and is increasingly applied in the investigation of disease mechanisms related to the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, this review summarized the application of ST in gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China
| | - Chao Ren
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Yuxi He
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Chongqing City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Chongqing City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Chongqing City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
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6
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Xu Z, Chen M, Ng SC. Metabolic Regulation of Microbiota and Tissue Response. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2024; 53:399-412. [PMID: 39068002 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The microbiota in our gut regulates the sophisticated metabolic system that the human body has, essentially converting food into energy and the building blocks for various bodily functions. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted impact of the microbiota on host nutritional status by producing short-chain fatty acids, influencing gut hormones and mediating bile acid metabolism, and the key role in maintaining intestinal barrier integrity and immune homeostasis. Understanding and leveraging the power of the gut microbiome holds tremendous potential for enhancing human health and preventing various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilu Xu
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Manman Chen
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siew Chien Ng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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7
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Tewari N, Dey P. Navigating commensal dysbiosis: Gastrointestinal host-pathogen interplay orchestrating opportunistic infections. Microbiol Res 2024; 286:127832. [PMID: 39013300 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The gut commensals, which are usually symbiotic or non-harmful bacteria that live in the gastrointestinal tract, have a positive impact on the health of the host. This review, however, specifically discuss distinct conditions where commensals aid in the development of pathogenic opportunistic infections. We discuss that the categorization of gut bacteria as either pathogens or non-pathogens depends on certain circumstances, which are significantly affected by the tissue microenvironment and the dynamic host-microbe interaction. Under favorable circumstances, commensals have the ability to transform into opportunistic pathobionts by undergoing overgrowth. These conditions include changes in the host's physiology, simultaneous infection with other pathogens, effective utilization of nutrients, interactions between different species of bacteria, the formation of protective biofilms, genetic mutations that enhance pathogenicity, acquisition of genes associated with virulence, and the ability to avoid the host's immune response. These processes allow commensals to both initiate infections themselves and aid other pathogens in populating the host. This review highlights the need of having a detailed and sophisticated knowledge of the two-sided nature of gut commensals. Although commensals mostly promote health, they may also become harmful in certain changes in the environment or the body's functioning. This highlights the need of acknowledging the intricate equilibrium in interactions between hosts and microbes, which is crucial for preserving intestinal homeostasis and averting diseases. Finally, we also emphasize the further need of research to better understand and anticipate the behavior of gut commensals in different situations, since they play a crucial and varied role in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Tewari
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab 147004, India
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab 147004, India.
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8
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Liu Q, Xu Y, Lv X, Guo C, Zhu H, Yang L, Wang Y. 2', 3', 5'-tri-O-acetyl-N6-(3-hydroxyphenyl) adenosine alleviates diet-induced hyperlipidemia by modulating intestinal gene expression profiles and metabolic pathway. Life Sci 2024; 352:122891. [PMID: 38977060 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that the composition of intestinal flora plays a significant role in regulating lipid metabolism. 2', 3', 5'-tri-O-acetyl-N6-(3-hydroxyphenyl) adenosine (IMMH007) is a new candidate compound for regulating blood cholesterol and other lipids. In this study, we conducted metagenomic and metabolomic analyses on samples from high-fat diet-fed (HFD) hamsters treated with IMMH007. Our findings revealed that IMM-H007 reversed the imbalance of gut microbiota caused by a high-fat diet. Additionally, it activated adiponectin receptor and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis pathway-related genes, which are known to regulate lipid and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, IMM-H007 promotes cholesterol metabolism by reducing the abundance of genes and species associated with 7α-dehydroxylation and bile salt hydrolase (BSH). Metabolomics and pharmacological studies have shown that IMM-H007 effectively improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorders caused by HFD, reduced the aggregation of secondary bile acids (SBAs), significantly increased the content of hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), and also activated the expression of VDR in the small intestine. As a result, there was a reduction in the leakage of diamine oxidase (DAO) into the bloodstream in hamsters, accompanied by an upregulation of ZO-1 expression in the small intestine. The results suggested that IMM-H007 regulated glucose and lipid metabolism, promoted cholesterol metabolism through activating the expression of VDR, inhibiting inflammatory and improving the permeability of the intestinal barrier. Thus, our study provides new understanding of how IMM-H007 interacts with intestinal function, microbiota, and relevant targets, shedding light on its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Core Facilities, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqi Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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9
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Li Z, Wan M, Wang M, Duan J, Jiang S. Modulation of gut microbiota on intestinal permeability: A novel strategy for treating gastrointestinal related diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112416. [PMID: 38852521 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence emphasizes the critical reciprocity between gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function in maintaining the gastrointestinal homeostasis. Given the fundamental role caused by intestinal permeability, which has been scrutinized as a measurable potential indicator of perturbed barrier function in clinical researches, it seems not surprising that recent decades have been marked by augmented efforts to determine the interaction between intestinal microbes and permeability of the individual. However, despite the significant progress in characterizing intestinal permeability and the commensal bacteria in the intestine, the mechanisms involved are still far from being thoroughly revealed. In the present review, based on multiomic methods, high-throughput sequencing and molecular biology techniques, the impacts of gut microbiota on intestinal permeability as well as their complex interaction networks are systematically summarized. Furthermore, the diseases related to intestinal permeability and main causes of changes in intestinal permeability are briefly introduced. The purpose of this review is to provide a novel prospection to elucidate the correlation between intestinal microbiota and permeability, and to explore a promising solution for diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuotong Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Meiyu Wan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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10
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Momen YS, Mishra J, Kumar N. Brain-Gut and Microbiota-Gut-Brain Communication in Type-2 Diabetes Linked Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:2558. [PMID: 39125436 PMCID: PMC11313915 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, home to the largest microbial population in the human body, plays a crucial role in overall health through various mechanisms. Recent advancements in research have revealed the potential implications of gut-brain and vice-versa communication mediated by gut-microbiota and their microbial products in various diseases including type-2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is the most common type of dementia where most of cases are sporadic with no clearly identified cause. However, multiple factors are implicated in the progression of sporadic AD which can be classified as non-modifiable (e.g., genetic) and modifiable (e.g. Type-2 diabetes, diet etc.). Present review focusses on key players particularly the modifiable factors such as Type-2 diabetes (T2D) and diet and their implications in microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) and brain-gut (BG) communication and cognitive functions of healthy brain and their dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Special emphasis has been given on elucidation of the mechanistic aspects of the impact of diet on gut-microbiota and the implications of some of the gut-microbial products in T2D and AD pathology. For example, mechanistically, HFD induces gut dysbiosis with driven metabolites that in turn cause loss of integrity of intestinal barrier with concomitant colonic and systemic chronic low-grade inflammation, associated with obesity and T2D. HFD-induced obesity and T2D parallel neuroinflammation, deposition of Amyloid β (Aβ), and ultimately cognitive impairment. The review also provides a new perspective of the impact of diet on brain-gut and microbiota-gut-brain communication in terms of transcription factors as a commonly spoken language that may facilitates the interaction between gut and brain of obese diabetic patients who are at a higher risk of developing cognitive impairment and AD. Other commonality such as tyrosine kinase expression and functions maintaining intestinal integrity on one hand and the phagocytic clarence by migratory microglial functions in brain are also discussed. Lastly, the characterization of the key players future research that might shed lights on novel potential pharmacological target to impede AD progression are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ILR College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
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11
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Zhang M, Liang C, Chen X, Cai Y, Cui L. Interplay between microglia and environmental risk factors in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1718-1727. [PMID: 38103237 PMCID: PMC10960290 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, among the most common neurodegenerative disorders, is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. At present, the Alzheimer's disease main risk remains genetic risks, but major environmental factors are increasingly shown to impact Alzheimer's disease development and progression. Microglia, the most important brain immune cells, play a central role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and are considered environmental and lifestyle "sensors." Factors like environmental pollution and modern lifestyles (e.g., chronic stress, poor dietary habits, sleep, and circadian rhythm disorders) can cause neuroinflammatory responses that lead to cognitive impairment via microglial functioning and phenotypic regulation. However, the specific mechanisms underlying interactions among these factors and microglia in Alzheimer's disease are unclear. Herein, we: discuss the biological effects of air pollution, chronic stress, gut microbiota, sleep patterns, physical exercise, cigarette smoking, and caffeine consumption on microglia; consider how unhealthy lifestyle factors influence individual susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease; and present the neuroprotective effects of a healthy lifestyle. Toward intervening and controlling these environmental risk factors at an early Alzheimer's disease stage, understanding the role of microglia in Alzheimer's disease development, and targeting strategies to target microglia, could be essential to future Alzheimer's disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoping Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiongjin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
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12
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Özçam M, Lynch SV. The gut-airway microbiome axis in health and respiratory diseases. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:492-506. [PMID: 38778224 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Communication between the gut and remote organs, such as the brain or the cardiovascular system, has been well established and recent studies provide evidence for a potential bidirectional gut-airway axis. Observations from animal and human studies indicate that respiratory insults influence the activity of the gut microbiome and that microbial ligands and metabolic products generated by the gut microbiome shape respiratory immunity. Information exchange between these two large mucosal surface areas regulates microorganism-immune interactions, with significant implications for the clinical and treatment outcomes of a range of respiratory conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. In this Review, we summarize the most recent data in this field, offering insights into mechanisms of gut-airway crosstalk across spatial and temporal gradients and their relevance for respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Özçam
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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13
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Brickman CE, Agnello M, Imam N, Camejo P, Pino R, Carroll LN, Chein A, Palefsky JM. Distinct anal microbiome is correlated with anal cancer precursors in MSM with HIV. AIDS 2024; 38:1476-1484. [PMID: 38691018 PMCID: PMC11239087 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anal cancer risk is elevated in MSM with HIV (MSMWH). Anal high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection is necessary but insufficient to develop high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), the anal cancer precursor, suggesting additional factors. We sought to determine whether the microbiome of the anal canal is distinct by comparing it with the microbiome of stool. We also sought to determine whether changes in the anal microbiome are associated with HSIL among MSMWH. DESIGN Cross-sectional comparison of the microbiome of the anal canal with the microbiome of stool in MSMWH and cross-sectional comparison of the anal microbiome of MSMWH with anal HSIL with the anal microbiome of MSMWH without anal HSIL. METHODS Sterile swabs were used to sample the anus of MSMWH for microbiome and HPV testing, followed by high-resolution anoscopy. Stool samples were mailed from home. 16S sequencing was used for bacterial identification. Measures of alpha diversity, beta diversity, and differential abundance analysis were used to compare samples. RESULTS One hundred sixty-six anal samples and 103 matching stool samples were sequenced. Beta diversity showed clustering of stool and anal samples. Of hr-HPV-positive MSMWH, 31 had HSIL and 13 had no SIL. Comparison of the microbiome between these revealed 28 different species. The highest-fold enrichment among MSMWH/hr-HPV/HSIL included pro-inflammatory and carcinogenic Prevotella, Parasuterella, Hungatella, Sneathia, and Fusobacterium species. The anti-inflammatory Anaerostipes caccae showed the greatest reduction among MSMWH/hr-HPV/HSIL. CONCLUSION The anal microbiome is distinct from stool. A pro-inflammatory and carcinogenic environment may be associated with anal HSIL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Agnello
- uBiome, Medical Affairs, San Francisco, California, USA
- Komodo Health, Inc., San Francisco, California
| | - Nabeel Imam
- uBiome, Medical Affairs, Santiago, Chile
- Psomagen, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Rodolfo Pino
- uBiome, Medical Affairs, Santiago, Chile
- Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lauren N Carroll
- uBiome, Medical Affairs, San Francisco, California, USA
- ApotheCom, San Francisco, California, USA
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Schweitzer M, Wlasak M, Wassermann B, Marcher F, Poglitsch C, Pirker J, Berg G. 'Tiny Biome Tales': A gamified review about the influence of lifestyle choices on the human microbiome. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14544. [PMID: 39119866 PMCID: PMC11310763 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, new discoveries from microbiome research have changed our understanding of human health. It became evident that daily habits and lifestyle choices shape the human microbiome and ultimately determine health or disease. Therefore, we developed 'Tiny Biome Tales' (https://microbiome.gamelabgraz.at/), a science pedagogy video game designed like a scientific review based exclusively on peer-reviewed articles, to teach about the influence of lifestyle choices on the human microbiome during pregnancy, early and adult life, and related health consequences. Despite the scientific character, it can be played by a broad audience. Here, we also present a scientific assessment and showed that playing the game significantly contributed to knowledge gain. The innovative style of the 'gamified review' represents an ideal platform to disseminate future findings from microbiome research by updating existing and adding new scenes to the game.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schweitzer
- Institute of Environmental BiotechnologyGraz University of TechnologyGrazAustria
| | - Maximilian Wlasak
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data ScienceGraz University of TechnologyGrazAustria
| | - Birgit Wassermann
- Institute of Environmental BiotechnologyGraz University of TechnologyGrazAustria
| | - Florian Marcher
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data ScienceGraz University of TechnologyGrazAustria
| | - Christian Poglitsch
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data ScienceGraz University of TechnologyGrazAustria
| | - Johanna Pirker
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data ScienceGraz University of TechnologyGrazAustria
- Institut für InformatikLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental BiotechnologyGraz University of TechnologyGrazAustria
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB)PotsdamGermany
- Institute for Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
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15
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Hoisington AJ, Choy K, Khair S, Dyamenahalli KU, Najarro KM, Wiktor AJ, Frank DN, Burnham EL, McMahan RH, Kovacs EJ. Recent alcohol intake impacts microbiota in adult burn patients. Alcohol 2024; 118:25-35. [PMID: 38604285 PMCID: PMC11179986 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use is associated with an increased incidence of negative health outcomes in burn patients due to biological mechanisms that include a dysregulated inflammatory response and increased intestinal permeability. This study used phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in blood, a direct biomarker of recent alcohol use, to investigate associations between a recent history of alcohol use and the fecal microbiota, short chain fatty acids, and inflammatory markers in the first week after a burn injury for nineteen participants. Burn patients were grouped according to PEth levels of low or high and differences in the overall fecal microbial community were observed between these cohorts. Two genera that contributed to the differences and had higher relative abundance in the low PEth burn patient group were Akkermansia, a mucin degrading bacteria that improves intestinal barrier function, and Bacteroides, a potentially anti-inflammatory bacteria. There was no statistically significant difference between levels of short chain fatty acids or intestinal permeability across the two groups. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report to evaluate the effects of burn injury and recent alcohol use on early post burn microbiota dysbiosis, inflammatory response, and levels of short chain fatty acids. Future studies in this field are warranted to better understand the factors associated with negative health outcomes and develop interventional trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hoisington
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) for Veteran Suicide Prevention, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA
| | - Kevin Choy
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Shanawaj Khair
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kiran U Dyamenahalli
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kevin M Najarro
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Arek J Wiktor
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel N Frank
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ellen L Burnham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rachel H McMahan
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) for Veteran Suicide Prevention, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, USA; Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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16
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López-Bermudo L, Moreno-Chamba B, Salazar-Bermeo J, Hayward NJ, Morris A, Duncan GJ, Russell WR, Cárdenas A, Ortega Á, Escudero-López B, Berná G, Martí Bruña N, Duncan SH, Neacsu M, Martin F. Persimmon Fiber-Rich Ingredients Promote Anti-Inflammatory Responses and the Growth of Beneficial Anti-Inflammatory Firmicutes Species from the Human Colon. Nutrients 2024; 16:2518. [PMID: 39125398 PMCID: PMC11314113 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Persimmon fruit processing-derived waste and by-products, such as peels and pomace, are important sources of dietary fiber and phytochemicals. Revalorizing these by-products could help promote circular nutrition and agricultural sustainability while tackling dietary deficiencies and chronic diseases. In this study, fiber-rich fractions were prepared from the by-products of Sharoni and Brilliant Red persimmon varieties. These fractions were quantified for their phenolic composition and assessed for their ability to promote the growth of beneficial human colonic Firmicutes species and for their in vitro anti-inflammatory potential. Gallic and protocatechuic acids, delphinidin, and cyanidin were the main phenolics identified. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains showed significantly higher growth rates in the presence of the Brilliant Red fraction, generating more than double butyrate as a proportion of the total short-chain fatty acids (39.5% vs. 17.8%) when compared to glucose. The fiber-rich fractions significantly decreased the inflammatory effect of interleukin-1β in Caco-2 cells, and the fermented fractions (both from Sharoni and Brilliant Red) significantly decreased the inflammatory effect of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, fiber-rich fractions from persimmon by-products could be part of nutritional therapies as they reduce systemic inflammation, promote the growth of beneficial human gut bacteria, and increase the production of beneficial microbial metabolites such as butyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López-Bermudo
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Pablo de Olavide University, University of Seville, CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; (L.L.-B.); (Á.O.); (B.E.-L.); (G.B.)
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bryan Moreno-Chamba
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Sanitary Biotechnology of Elche, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain; (B.M.-C.)
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Salazar-Bermeo
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Sanitary Biotechnology of Elche, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain; (B.M.-C.)
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nicholas J. Hayward
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Amanda Morris
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Gary J. Duncan
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Wendy R. Russell
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Antonio Cárdenas
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Pablo de Olavide University, University of Seville, CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; (L.L.-B.); (Á.O.); (B.E.-L.); (G.B.)
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Ortega
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Pablo de Olavide University, University of Seville, CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; (L.L.-B.); (Á.O.); (B.E.-L.); (G.B.)
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Escudero-López
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Pablo de Olavide University, University of Seville, CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; (L.L.-B.); (Á.O.); (B.E.-L.); (G.B.)
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Genoveva Berná
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Pablo de Olavide University, University of Seville, CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; (L.L.-B.); (Á.O.); (B.E.-L.); (G.B.)
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Martí Bruña
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Sanitary Biotechnology of Elche, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain; (B.M.-C.)
| | - Sylvia H. Duncan
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Madalina Neacsu
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Franz Martin
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Pablo de Olavide University, University of Seville, CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; (L.L.-B.); (Á.O.); (B.E.-L.); (G.B.)
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Dinakis E, O'Donnell JA, Marques FZ. The gut-immune axis during hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14193. [PMID: 38899764 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The gut-immune axis is a relatively novel phenomenon that provides mechanistic links between the gut microbiome and the immune system. A growing body of evidence supports it is key in how the gut microbiome contributes to several diseases, including hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Evidence over the past decade supports a causal link of the gut microbiome in hypertension and its complications, including myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and stroke. Perturbations in gut homeostasis such as dysbiosis (i.e., alterations in gut microbial composition) may trigger immune responses that lead to chronic low-grade inflammation and, ultimately, the development and progression of these conditions. This is unsurprising, as the gut harbors one of the largest numbers of immune cells in the body, yet is a phenomenon not entirely understood in the context of cardiometabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of the gut microbiome, the immune system, and inflammation in the context of hypertension and CVD, and consolidate current evidence of this complex interplay, whilst highlighting gaps in the literature. We focus on diet as one of the major modulators of the gut microbiota, and explain key microbial-derived metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide) as potential mediators of the communication between the gut and peripheral organs such as the heart, arteries, kidneys, and the brain via the immune system. Finally, we explore the dual role of both the gut microbiome and the immune system, and how they work together to not only contribute, but also mitigate hypertension and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evany Dinakis
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne A O'Donnell
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Vasileva S, Yap CX, Whitehouse AJ, Gratten J, Eyles D. Absence of association between maternal adverse events and long-term gut microbiome outcomes in the Australian autism biobank. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 39:100814. [PMID: 39027090 PMCID: PMC11254947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maternal immune activation (MIA) and prenatal maternal stress (MatS) are well-studied risk factors for psychiatric conditions such as autism and schizophrenia. Animal studies have proposed the gut microbiome as a mechanism underlying this association and have found that risk factor-related gut microbiome alterations persist in the adult offspring. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed whether maternal immune activation and prenatal maternal stress were associated with long-term gut microbiome alterations in children using shotgun metagenomics. Methods This cross-sectional study included children diagnosed with autism (N = 92), siblings without a diagnosis (N = 42), and unrelated children (N = 40) without a diagnosis who were recruited into the Australian Autism Biobank and provided a faecal sample. MIA exposure was inferred from self-reported data and included asthma/allergies, complications during pregnancy triggering an immune response, auto-immune conditions, and acute inflammation. Maternal stress included any of up to 9 stressful life events during pregnancy, such as divorce, job loss, and money problems. Data were analysed for a total of 174 children, of whom 63 (36%) were born to mothers with MIA and 84 (48%) were born to mothers who experienced maternal stress during pregnancy (where 33 [19%] experienced both). Gut microbiome data was assessed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing of the children's faecal samples. Results In our cohort, MIA, but not MatS, was associated with ASD. Variance component analysis revealed no associations between any of the gut microbiome datasets and neither MIA nor MatS. After adjusting for age, sex, diet and autism diagnosis, there was no significant difference between groups for bacterial richness, α-diversity or β-diversity. We found no significant differences in species abundance in the main analyses. However, when stratifying the cohort by age, we found that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii E was significantly decreased in MIA children aged 11-17. Discussion Consistent with previous findings, we found that children who were born to mothers with MIA were more likely to be diagnosed with autism. Unlike within animal studies, we found negligible microbiome differences associated with MIA and maternal stress. Given the current interest in the microbiome-gut-brain axis, researchers should exercise caution in translating microbiome findings from animal models to human contexts and the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlina Vasileva
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chloe X. Yap
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Long Pocket, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Jacob Gratten
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Long Pocket, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Darryl Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Australia
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Zugman M, Wong M, Jaime-Casas S, Pal SK. The gut microbiome and dietary metabolites in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2024:S1078-1439(24)00540-4. [PMID: 39095306 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is interlinked with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its response to systemic treatment. Mounting data suggests that certain elements of the gut microbiome may correlate with improved outcomes. New generation sequencing techniques and advanced bioinformatic data curation are accelerating the investigation of specific markers and metabolites that could predict treatment response. A variety of new therapeutic strategies, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotic supplements, and dietary interventions, are currently being developed to modify the gut microbiome and improve anticancer therapies in patients with RCC. This review discusses the preliminary evidence indicating the role of the microbiome in cancer treatment, the techniques and tools necessary for its proper study and some of the current forms with which the microbiome can be modulated to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Zugman
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Centro de Oncologia e Hematologia Família Dayan-Daycoval Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Megan Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Salvador Jaime-Casas
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Sumanta K Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.
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20
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Adolph TE, Tilg H. Western diets and chronic diseases. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-03165-6. [PMID: 39085420 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
'Westernization', which incorporates industrial, cultural and dietary trends, has paralleled the rise of noncommunicable diseases across the globe. Today, the Western-style diet emerges as a key stimulus for gut microbial vulnerability, chronic inflammation and chronic diseases, affecting mainly the cardiovascular system, systemic metabolism and the gut. Here we review the diet of modern times and evaluate the threat it poses for human health by summarizing recent epidemiological, translational and clinical studies. We discuss the links between diet and disease in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, gut and liver diseases and solid malignancies. We collectively interpret the evidence and its limitations and discuss future challenges and strategies to overcome these. We argue that healthcare professionals and societies must react today to the detrimental effects of the Western diet to bring about sustainable change and improved outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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21
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Hu F, Li X, Liu K, Li Y, Xie Y, Wei C, Liu S, Song J, Wang P, Shi L, Li C, Li J, Xu L, Xue J, Zheng X, Bai M, Fang X, Jin X, Cao L, Hao P, He J, Wang J, Zhang C, Li Z. Rheumatoid arthritis patients harbour aberrant enteric bacteriophages with autoimmunity-provoking potential: a paired sibling study. Ann Rheum Dis 2024:ard-2024-225564. [PMID: 39084885 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2024-225564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Viruses have been considered as important participants in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the profile of enteric virome and its role in RA remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the atlas and involvement of virome in RA pathogenesis. METHODS Faecal samples from 30 pairs of RA and healthy siblings that minimise genetic interferences were collected for metagenomic sequencing. The α and β diversity of the virome and the virome-bacteriome interaction were analysed. The differential bacteriophages were identified, and their correlations with clinical and immunological features of RA were analysed. The potential involvement of these differential bacteriophages in RA pathogenesis was further investigated by auxiliary metabolic gene annotation and molecular mimicry study. The responses of CD4+ T cells and B cells to the mimotopes derived from the differential bacteriophages were systemically studied. RESULTS The composition of the enteric bacteriophageome was distorted in RA. The differentially presented bacteriophages correlated with the immunological features of RA, including anti-CCP autoantibody and HLA-DR shared epitope. Intriguingly, the glycerolipid and purine metabolic genes were highly active in the bacteriophages from RA. Moreover, peptides of RA-enriched phages, in particular Prevotella phage and Oscillibacter phage could provoke the autoimmune responses in CD4+ T cells and plasma cells via molecular mimicry of the disease-associated autoantigen epitopes, especially those of Bip. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights into enteric bacteriophageome in RA development. In particular, the aberrant bacteriophages demonstrated autoimmunity-provoking potential that would promote the occurrence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanlei Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanpeng Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Chaonan Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Lianjie Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Liling Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Jimeng Xue
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxin Bai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Fang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Xu Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Pei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, shanghai, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, shanghai, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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22
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Stapleton TE, Lindsey LM, Sundar H, Dearing MD. Rodents consuming the same toxic diet harbor a unique functional core microbiome. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:43. [PMID: 39080711 PMCID: PMC11289948 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota are intrinsic to an herbivorous lifestyle, but very little is known about how plant secondary compounds (PSCs), which are often toxic, influence these symbiotic partners. Here we interrogated the possibility of unique functional core microbiomes in populations of two species of woodrat (Neotoma lepida and bryanti) that have independently converged to feed on the same toxic diet (creosote bush; Larrea tridentata) and compared them to populations that do not feed on creosote bush. Leveraging this natural experiment, we collected samples across a large geographic region in the U.S. desert southwest from 20 populations (~ 150 individuals) with differential ingestion of creosote bush and analyzed three gut regions (foregut, cecum, hindgut) using16S sequencing and shotgun metagenomics. In each gut region sampled, we found a distinctive set of microbes in individuals feeding on creosote bush that were more abundant than other ASVs, enriched in creosote feeding woodrats, and occurred more frequently than would be predicted by chance. Creosote core members were from microbial families e.g., Eggerthellaceae, known to metabolize plant secondary compounds and three of the identified core KEGG orthologs (4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase, benzoyl-CoA reductase subunit B, and 2-pyrone-4, 6-dicarboxylate lactonase) coded for enzymes that play important roles in metabolism of plant secondary compounds. The results support the hypothesis that the ingestion of creosote bush sculpts the microbiome across all major gut regions to select for functional characteristics associated with the degradation of the PSCs in this unique diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess E Stapleton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - LeAnn M Lindsey
- School of Computing, University of Utah, 50 Central Campus Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Hari Sundar
- School of Computing, University of Utah, 50 Central Campus Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - M Denise Dearing
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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23
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Liu M, Li S, Cao S, Liu C, Han Y, Cheng J, Zhang S, Zhao J, Shi Y. Let food be your medicine - dietary fiber. Food Funct 2024; 15:7733-7756. [PMID: 38984439 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05641d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) cannot be digested and absorbed by the digestive tract, nor can it provide the energy needed to be burned for metabolic activities. Therefore, from the 1950s to the 1980s, DF received little attention in nutrition studies. With in-depth research and developments in global nutrition, people have gradually paid attention to the fact that DF occupies an essential position in the structure of nutrition, and it can ensure the healthy development of human beings. As early as 390 B.C., the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates proposed, "Let your food be your medicine, and your medicine be your food". This concept has been more systematically validated in modern scientific research, with numerous epidemiological studies showing that the dietary intake of DF-rich foods such as whole grains, root vegetables, legumes, and fruits has the potential to regulate the balance of the gut microbiota and thereby prevent diseases. However, the crosstalk between different types of DF and the gut microbiota is quite complex, and the effects on the organism vary. In this paper, we discuss research on DF and the gut microbiota and related diseases, aiming to understand the relationship between all three better and provide a reference basis for the risk reduction of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Shouren Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Shixi Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Cong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yao Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jiawen Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Shuhang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
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24
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Dungan AM, Thomas JL. Fecal bacterial communities of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) reflect captivity status-Implications for conservation and management. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 39075976 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The duck-billed platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is currently listed as near-threatened. A key part of the conservation strategy for this species is its captive maintenance; however, captive animals often have dysbiotic gut bacterial microbiomes. Here, for the first time, we characterize the gut microbiome of wild platypus via fecal samples using high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and identify microbial biomarkers of captivity in this species. At the phylum level, Firmicutes (50.4%) predominated among all platypuses, followed by Proteobacteria (28.7%), Fusobacteria (13.4%), and Bacteroidota (6.9%), with 21 "core" bacteria identified. Captive individuals did not differ in their microbial α-diversity compared to wild platypus but had significantly different community composition (β-diversity) and exhibited higher abundances of Enterococcus, which are potential pathogenic bacteria. Four taxa were identified as biomarkers of wild platypus, including Rickettsiella, Epulopiscium, Clostridium, and Cetobacterium. This contrast in gut microbiome composition between wild and captive platypus is an essential insight for guiding conservation management, as the rewilding of captive animal microbiomes is a new and emerging tool to improve captive animal health, maximize captive breeding efforts, and give reintroduced or translocated animals the best chance of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Dungan
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Davis CN, Toikumo S, Hatoum AS, Khan Y, Pham BK, Pakala SR, Feuer KL, Gelernter J, Sanchez-Roige S, Kember RL, Kranzler HR. Multivariate, Multi-omic Analysis in 799,429 Individuals Identifies 134 Loci Associated with Somatoform Traits. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.29.24310991. [PMID: 39132487 PMCID: PMC11312645 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.29.24310991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Somatoform traits, which manifest as persistent physical symptoms without a clear medical cause, are prevalent and pose challenges to clinical practice. Understanding the genetic basis of these disorders could improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. With publicly available summary statistics, we conducted a multivariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) and multi-omic analysis of four somatoform traits-fatigue, irritable bowel syndrome, pain intensity, and health satisfaction-in 799,429 individuals genetically similar to Europeans. Using genomic structural equation modeling, GWAS identified 134 loci significantly associated with a somatoform common factor, including 44 loci not significant in the input GWAS and 8 novel loci for somatoform traits. Gene-property analyses highlighted an enrichment of genes involved in synaptic transmission and enriched gene expression in 12 brain tissues. Six genes, including members of the CD300 family, had putatively causal effects mediated by protein abundance. There was substantial polygenic overlap (76-83%) between the somatoform and externalizing, internalizing, and general psychopathology factors. Somatoform polygenic scores were associated most strongly with obesity, Type 2 diabetes, tobacco use disorder, and mood/anxiety disorders in independent biobanks. Drug repurposing analyses suggested potential therapeutic targets, including MEK inhibitors. Mendelian randomization indicated potentially protective effects of gut microbiota, including Ruminococcus bromii . These biological insights provide promising avenues for treatment development.
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26
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Nicze M, Dec A, Borówka M, Krzyżak D, Bołdys A, Bułdak Ł, Okopień B. Molecular Mechanisms behind Obesity and Their Potential Exploitation in Current and Future Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8202. [PMID: 39125772 PMCID: PMC11311839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease caused primarily by the imbalance between the amount of calories supplied to the body and energy expenditure. Not only does it deteriorate the quality of life, but most importantly it increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, leading to reduced life expectancy. In this review, we would like to present the molecular pathomechanisms underlying obesity, which constitute the target points for the action of anti-obesity medications. These include the central nervous system, brain-gut-microbiome axis, gastrointestinal motility, and energy expenditure. A significant part of this article is dedicated to incretin-based drugs such as GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., liraglutide and semaglutide), as well as the brand new dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist tirzepatide, all of which have become "block-buster" drugs due to their effectiveness in reducing body weight and beneficial effects on the patient's metabolic profile. Finally, this review article highlights newly designed molecules with the potential for future obesity management that are the subject of ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Nicze
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland (A.B.); (B.O.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Łukasz Bułdak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland (A.B.); (B.O.)
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27
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Altomare A, Giovanetti M, Baldaro F, Ciccozzi M, Cicala M, Guarino MPL. The Prevention of Viral Infections: The Role of Intestinal Microbiota and Nutritional Factors. Nutrients 2024; 16:2445. [PMID: 39125326 PMCID: PMC11314041 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral infections pose significant global challenges due to their rapid transmissibility. Therefore, preventing and treating these infections promptly is crucial to curbing their spread. This review focuses on the vital link between nutrition and viral infections, underscoring how dietary factors influence immune system modulation. Malnutrition, characterized by deficiencies in essential nutrients such as vitamins A, C, D, E, and zinc, can impair the immune system, thereby increasing vulnerability to viral infections and potentially leading to more severe health outcomes that complicate recovery. Additionally, emerging evidence highlights the role of commensal microbiota in immune regulation, which can affect hosts' susceptibility to infections. Specific dietary components, including bioactive compounds, vitamins, and probiotics, can beneficially modify gut microbiota, thus enhancing immune response and offering protection against viral infections. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which dietary adjustments and gut microbiota impact the pathogenesis of viral infections, with a particular focus on strengthening the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Altomare
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (M.G.)
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.L.G.)
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (M.G.)
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil
- Climate Amplified Diseases and Epidemics (CLIMADE), Bairro Floresta 31110-370, Brazil
| | - Francesca Baldaro
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.L.G.)
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michele Cicala
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.L.G.)
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Pier Luca Guarino
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.L.G.)
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
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28
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Carmody RN, Varady K, Turnbaugh PJ. Digesting the complex metabolic effects of diet on the host and microbiome. Cell 2024; 187:3857-3876. [PMID: 39059362 PMCID: PMC11309583 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The past 50 years of interdisciplinary research in humans and model organisms has delivered unprecedented insights into the mechanisms through which diet affects energy balance. However, translating these results to prevent and treat obesity and its associated diseases remains challenging. Given the vast scope of this literature, we focus this Review on recent conceptual advances in molecular nutrition targeting the management of energy balance, including emerging dietary and pharmaceutical interventions and their interactions with the human gut microbiome. Notably, multiple current dietary patterns of interest embrace moderate-to-high fat intake or prioritize the timing of eating over macronutrient intake. Furthermore, the rapid expansion of microbiome research findings has complicated multiple longstanding tenets of nutrition while also providing new opportunities for intervention. Continued progress promises more precise and reliable dietary recommendations that leverage our growing knowledge of the microbiome, the changing landscape of clinical interventions, and our molecular understanding of human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Carmody
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Krista Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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29
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Klingbeil EA, Schade R, Lee SH, Kirkland R, de La Serre CB. Manipulation of feeding patterns in high fat diet fed rats improves microbiota composition dynamics, inflammation and gut-brain signaling. Physiol Behav 2024; 285:114643. [PMID: 39059597 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Chronic consumption of high fat (HF) diets has been shown to increase meal size and meal frequency in rodents, resulting in overeating. Reducing meal frequency and establishing periods of fasting, independently of caloric intake, may improve obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Additionally, diet-driven changes in microbiota composition have been shown to play a critical role in the development and maintenance of metabolic disorders. In this study, we used a pair-feeding paradigm to reduce meal frequency and snacking episodes while maintaining overall intake and body weight in HF fed rats. We hypothesized that manipulation of feeding patterns would improve microbiota composition and metabolic outcomes. Male Wistar rats were placed in three groups consuming either a HF, low fat diet (LF, matched for sugar), or pair-fed HF diet for 7 weeks (n = 11-12/group). Pair-fed animals received the same amount of food consumed by the HF fed group once daily before dark onset (HF-PF). Rats underwent oral glucose tolerance and gut peptide cholecystokinin sensitivity tests. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the feces collected during both dark and light cycles and sequenced via Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S V4 region. Our pair-feeding paradigm reduced meal numbers, especially small meals in the inactive phase, without changing total caloric intake. This shift in feeding patterns reduced relative abundances of obesity-associated bacteria and maintained circadian fluctuations in microbial abundances. These changes were associated with improved gastrointestinal (GI) function, reduced inflammation, and improved glucose tolerance and gut to brain signaling. We concluded from these data that targeting snacking may help improve metabolic outcomes, independently of energy content of the diet and hyperphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Klingbeil
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - R Schade
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States
| | - S H Lee
- Department of Food Sciences, Sun Moon University, South Korea
| | - R Kirkland
- Office of Research, University of Georgia, United States
| | - C B de La Serre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, United States.
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30
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Meloncelli N, O'Connor H, de Jersey S, Rushton A, Pateman K, Gallaher S, Kearney L, Wilkinson S. Designing a behaviour change intervention using COM-B and the Behaviour Change Wheel: Co-designing the Healthy Gut Diet for preventing gestational diabetes. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024. [PMID: 39054768 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that modulating the gut microbiota during pregnancy may help prevent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The Healthy Gut Diet study is a complex behaviour change intervention co-designed with women who have a lived experience of GDM. The aim of the study was to describe the development of the behaviour change dietary intervention, the Healthy Gut Diet. METHODS This study followed the process for designing behaviour change interventions using the Behaviour Change Wheel. Six researchers and 12 women with lived experience participated in online workshops to co-design the Healthy Gut Diet intervention. This included "diagnosing" the barriers and enablers to two target behaviours: eating more plant foods and eating less ultra processed/saturated fat containing foods. Content analysis of the workshop transcripts and activities was undertaken, underpinned by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour (COM-B) model and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). RESULTS Barriers and enablers to the target behaviours were described across all six COM-B components and 10 TDF domains. The intervention functions for the Healthy Gut Diet were education, enablement, environmental restructuring, persuasion and incentivisation. Forty behaviour change techniques were integrated into five modes of delivery for the Healthy Gut Diet intervention. The feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of the Healthy Gut Diet is being tested within a randomised controlled trial. CONCLUSIONS Using the Behaviour Change Wheel process in partnership with consumers resulted in a clearly described complex intervention targeting barriers and enablers of dietary behaviour change to improve the gut microbiota diversity in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Meloncelli
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Office of the Chief Allied Health Practitioner, Metro North Health, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Hannah O'Connor
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Dietetics and Foodservices, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Health, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan de Jersey
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Dietetics and Foodservices, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Health, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Alita Rushton
- Office of the Chief Allied Health Practitioner, Metro North Health, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Kelsey Pateman
- Centre for Allied Health Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Lauren Kearney
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Women's and Newborn Service Group, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Shelley Wilkinson
- Department of Obstetric Medicine, Mater Mothers Hospitals, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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31
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Meng G, Li P, Du X, Feng X, Qiu F. Berberine alleviates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting inflammation through targeting IRGM1. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155909. [PMID: 39068762 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine (BBR), the main active component of Coptis chinensis Franch., has a variety of pharmacological effects, notably anti-inflammatory, which make it a potential treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC). Nevertheless, the specific target and the mode of action of BBR against UC are still unclear. PURPOSE Here, we aim to identify BBR's anti-inflammatory target and its mode of action in UC treatment. METHODS The therapeutic effects of BBR and Coptis chinensis Franch. extract were first assessed in UC mice. Then, stable isotope labeling using amino acids in cell culture-activity-based protein profiling (SILAC-ABPP) was applied to identify the anti-inflammatory target proteins of BBR in an inflammation model of RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. Molecular docking, drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), molecular dynamics simulation, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and biological layer interference (BLI) measurement were employed to study the interaction between BBR and its targets. Lentiviral transfection was used to knock down the target protein and investigate BBR's anti-inflammatory mechanism. RESULTS BBR and Coptis chinensis Franch. extracts both significantly alleviated UC in mice. SILAC-ABPP identified IRGM1 as BBR's anti-inflammatory target, with its overexpression reduced by BBR treatment in both RAW264.7 cell inflammation models stimulated by LPS and UC mice. BBR significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells by blocking the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Knockdown of IRGM1 weakened BBR's effects on cytokine expression and pathway regulation. CONCLUSION For the first time, IRGM1 was identified as the direct anti-inflammatory target of BBR. BBR has the potential to inhibit IRGM1 expression in vitro as well as in vivo. The molecular mechanism of BBR's anti-inflammatory activity was inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by targeting IRGM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibing Meng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengyan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemei Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinchi Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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32
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Verhaert MAM, Aspeslagh S. Immunotherapy efficacy and toxicity: Reviewing the evidence behind patient implementable strategies. Eur J Cancer 2024; 209:114235. [PMID: 39059186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer treatment is expanding, offering promising outcomes but with an important risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These events, stemming from an overstimulated immune system attacking healthy cells, can necessitate immunosuppressant treatment, disrupt treatment courses, and impact patients' quality of life. The analysis of ICI efficacy data has led to a better understanding of the characteristics of responders. Similarly, we are gaining clearer insights into the characteristics of patients who develop irAEs, prompting an increasing emphasis on modifiable factors associated with irAE risk. These factors include lifestyle choices and the composition of the gut microbiome. Despite comprehensive reviews exploring the microbiome's role in therapy efficacy, understanding its connection with immune-related toxicity remains incomplete. While endeavours to identify predictive biomarkers continue, lifestyle modifications emerge as a promising avenue for enhancing treatment outcomes. This review consolidates the current evidence regarding the impact of the gut microbiome on irAE occurrence. Furthermore, it focuses on actionable strategies for mitigating these adverse events, elucidating the evidence supporting dietary adjustments, supplementation, medication management, and physical activity. With the expanding range of indications for ICI therapy, a significant proportion of oncology patients, including those in early disease stages, are now exposed to these treatments. Acknowledging the importance of averting irAEs in this context, our review offers timely insights crucial for addressing the evolving challenges associated with immunotherapy across diverse oncological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe August Marianne Verhaert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sandrine Aspeslagh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Leclercq S. Involvement of the gut microbiome-brain axis in alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agae050. [PMID: 39042929 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The human intestine is colonized by a variety of microorganisms that influence the immune system, the metabolic response, and the nervous system, with consequences for brain function and behavior. Unbalance in this microbial ecosystem has been shown to be associated with psychiatric disorders, and altered gut microbiome composition related to bacteria, viruses, and fungi has been well established in patients with alcohol use disorder. This review describes the gut microbiome-brain communication pathways, including the ones related to the vagus nerve, the inflammatory cytokines, and the gut-derived metabolites. Finally, the potential benefits of microbiota-based therapies for the management of alcohol use disorder, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Leclercq
- Laboratory of Nutritional Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Cao C, Yue S, Lu A, Liang C. Host-Gut Microbiota Metabolic Interactions and Their Role in Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107321. [PMID: 39038631 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The critical role of the gut microbiome in gastrointestinal cancers is becoming increasingly clear. Imbalances in the gut microbial community, referred to as dysbiosis, are linked to increased risks for various forms of gastrointestinal cancers. Pathogens like Fusobacterium and Helicobacter pylori relate to the onset of esophageal and gastric cancers, respectively, while microbes such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Clostridium species have been associated with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer. In colorectal cancer, bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum are known to stimulate the growth of tumor cells and trigger cancer-promoting pathways. On the other hand, beneficial microbes like Bifidobacteria offer a protective effect, potentially inhibiting the development of gastrointestinal cancers. The potential for therapeutic interventions that manipulate the gut microbiome is substantial, including strategies to engineer anti-tumor metabolites and employ microbiota-based treatments. Despite the progress in understanding the influence of the microbiome on gastrointestinal cancers, significant challenges remain in identifying and understanding the precise contributions of specific microbial species and their metabolic products. This knowledge is essential for leveraging the role of the gut microbiome in the development of precise diagnostics and targeted therapies for gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Cao
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Siran Yue
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou 510006, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China.
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Trinh P, Teichman S, Roberts MC, Rabinowitz PM, Willis AD. A cross-sectional comparison of gut metagenomes between dairy workers and community controls. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:708. [PMID: 39033279 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a nexus of routine antibiotic use and zoonotic pathogen presence, the livestock farming environment is a potential hotspot for the emergence of zoonotic diseases and antibiotic resistant bacteria. Livestock can further facilitate disease transmission by serving as intermediary hosts for pathogens before a spillover event. In light of this, we aimed to characterize the microbiomes and resistomes of dairy workers, whose exposure to the livestock farming environment places them at risk for facilitating community transmission of antibiotic resistant genes and emerging zoonotic diseases. RESULTS Using shotgun sequencing, we investigated differences in the taxonomy, diversity and gene presence of 10 dairy farm workers and 6 community controls' gut metagenomes, contextualizing these samples with additional publicly available gut metagenomes. We found no significant differences in the prevalence of resistance genes, virulence factors, or taxonomic composition between the two groups. The lack of statistical significance may be attributed, in part, to the limited sample size of our study or the potential similarities in exposures between the dairy workers and community controls. We did, however, observe patterns warranting further investigation including greater abundance of tetracycline resistance genes and prevalence of cephamycin resistance genes as well as lower average gene diversity (even after accounting for differential sequencing depth) in dairy workers' metagenomes. We also found evidence of commensal organism association with tetracycline resistance genes in both groups (including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Ligilactobacillus animalis, and Simiaoa sunii). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the utility of shotgun metagenomics in examining the microbiomes and resistomes of livestock workers, focusing on a cohort of dairy workers in the United States. While our study revealed no statistically significant differences between groups in taxonomy, diversity and gene presence, we observed patterns in antibiotic resistance gene abundance and prevalence that align with findings from previous studies of livestock workers in China and Europe. Our results lay the groundwork for future research involving larger cohorts of dairy and non-dairy workers to better understand the impact of occupational exposure to livestock farming on the microbiomes and resistomes of workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Trinh
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Sarah Teichman
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Marilyn C Roberts
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Peter M Rabinowitz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Amy D Willis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
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Couture G, Cheang SE, Suarez C, Chen Y, Bacalzo NP, Jiang J, Weng CYC, Stacy A, Castillo JJ, Delannoy-Bruno O, Webber DM, Barratt MJ, Gordon JI, Mills DA, German JB, Fukagawa NK, Lebrilla CB. A multi-glycomic platform for the analysis of food carbohydrates. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-01017-8. [PMID: 39026121 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-01017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrates comprise the largest fraction of most diets and exert a profound impact on health. Components such as simple sugars and starch supply energy, while indigestible components, deemed dietary fiber, reach the colon to provide food for the tens of trillions of microbes that make up the gut microbiota. The interactions between dietary carbohydrates, our gastrointestinal tracts, the gut microbiome and host health are dictated by their structures. However, current methods for analysis of food glycans lack the sensitivity, specificity and throughput needed to quantify and elucidate these myriad structures. This protocol describes a multi-glycomic approach to food carbohydrate analysis in which the analyte might be any food item or biological material such as fecal and cecal samples. The carbohydrates are extracted by ethanol precipitation, and the resulting samples are subjected to rapid-throughput liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. Quantitative analyses of monosaccharides, glycosidic linkages, polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble carbohydrates are performed in 96-well plates at the milligram scale to reduce the biomass of sample required and enhance throughput. Detailed stepwise processes for sample preparation, LC-MS/MS and data analysis are provided. We illustrate the application of the protocol to a diverse set of foods as well as different apple cultivars and various fermented foods. Furthermore, we show the utility of these methods in elucidating glycan-microbe interactions in germ-free and colonized mice. These methods provide a framework for elucidating relationships between dietary fiber, the gut microbiome and human physiology. These structures will further guide nutritional and clinical feeding studies that enhance our understanding of the role of diet in nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret Couture
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shawn Ehlers Cheang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Suarez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nikita P Bacalzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jiani Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cheng-Yu Charlie Weng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Stacy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Juan J Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Omar Delannoy-Bruno
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel M Webber
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael J Barratt
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Gordon
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A Mills
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Bruce German
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Naomi K Fukagawa
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Debray R, Dickson CC, Webb SE, Archie EA, Tung J. When is microbial strain sharing evidence for transmission? BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.18.604082. [PMID: 39071345 PMCID: PMC11275843 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.18.604082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In humans and other social animals, social partners have more similar microbiomes than expected by chance, suggesting that social contact transfers microorganisms. However, social microbiome transmission can be difficult to identify if social partners also have other traits in common or live in a shared environment. Strain-resolved metagenomics has been proposed as a solution for tracking microbial transmission. Using a fecal microbiota transplant dataset, we show that strain sharing can recapitulate true transmission networks under ideal settings when donor-recipient pairs are unambiguous. However, gut metagenomes from a wild baboon population, where social networks predict compositional similarity, show that strain sharing is also driven by demographic and environmental factors that can override signals of social interactions. We conclude that strain-level analyses provide useful information about microbiome similarity, but other facets of study design, especially longitudinal sampling and careful consideration of host characteristics, are essential for conclusions about the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Debray
- Department of Primate Behavior and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Carly C Dickson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Shasta E Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Archie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Primate Behavior and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Wang X, Zhang Q, Xu R, Li X, Hong Z. Research progress on the correlation between intestinal flora and colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1416806. [PMID: 39087025 PMCID: PMC11288818 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1416806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies in the world. With the rapid pace of life and changes in diet structure, the incidence and mortality of CRC increase year by year posing a serious threat to human health. As the most complex and largest microecosystem in the human body, intestinal microecology is closely related to CRC. It is an important factor that affects and participates in the occurrence and development of CRC. Advances in next-generation sequencing technology and metagenomics have provided new insights into the ecology of gut microbes. It also helps to link intestinal flora with CRC, and the relationship between intestinal flora and CRC can be continuously understood from different levels. This paper summarizes the relationship between intestinal flora and CRC and its potential role in the diagnosis of CRC providing evidence for early screening and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- The Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Rongxuan Xu
- Department of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhijun Hong
- The Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Hermanson JB, Tolba SA, Chrisler EA, Leone VA. Gut microbes, diet, and genetics as drivers of metabolic liver disease: a narrative review outlining implications for precision medicine. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 133:109704. [PMID: 39029595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is rapidly increasing in prevalence, impacting over a third of the global population. The advanced form of MASLD, Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), is on track to become the number one indication for liver transplant. FDA-approved pharmacological agents are limited for MASH, despite over 400 ongoing clinical trials, with only a single drug (resmetirom) currently on the market. This is likely due to the heterogeneous nature of disease pathophysiology, which involves interactions between highly individualized genetic and environmental factors. To apply precision medicine approaches that overcome interpersonal variability, in-depth insights into interactions between genetics, nutrition, and the gut microbiome are needed, given that each have emerged as dynamic contributors to MASLD and MASH pathogenesis. Here, we discuss the associations and molecular underpinnings of several of these factors individually and outline their interactions in the context of both patient-based studies and preclinical animal model systems. Finally, we highlight gaps in knowledge that will require further investigation to aid in successfully implementing precision medicine to prevent and alleviate MASLD and MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake B Hermanson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Samar A Tolba
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Evan A Chrisler
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Vanessa A Leone
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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40
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Balsamo J, Zhou K, Kammarchedu V, Ebrahimi A, Bess EN. Mechanistic Insight into Intestinal α-Synuclein Aggregation in Parkinson's Disease Using a Laser-Printed Electrochemical Sensor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2623-2632. [PMID: 38959406 PMCID: PMC11258680 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggregated deposits of the protein α-synuclein and depleting levels of dopamine in the brain correlate with Parkinson's disease development. Treatments often focus on replenishing dopamine in the brain; however, the brain might not be the only site requiring attention. Aggregates of α-synuclein appear to accumulate in the gut years prior to the onset of any motor symptoms. Enteroendocrine cells (specialized gut epithelial cells) may be the source of intestinal α-synuclein, as they natively express this protein. Enteroendocrine cells are constantly exposed to gut bacteria and their metabolites because they border the gut lumen. These cells also express the dopamine metabolic pathway and form synapses with vagal neurons, which innervate the gut and brain. Through this connection, Parkinson's disease pathology may originate in the gut and spread to the brain over time. Effective therapeutics to prevent this disease progression are lacking due to a limited understanding of the mechanisms by which α-synuclein aggregation occurs in the gut. We previously proposed a gut bacterial metabolic pathway responsible for the initiation of α-synuclein aggregation that is dependent on the oxidation of dopamine. Here, we develop a new tool, a laser-induced graphene-based electrochemical sensor chip, to track α-synuclein aggregation and dopamine level over time. Using these sensor chips, we evaluated diet-derived catechols dihydrocaffeic acid and caffeic acid as potential inhibitors of α-synuclein aggregation. Our results suggest that these molecules inhibit dopamine oxidation. We also found that these dietary catechols inhibit α-synuclein aggregation in STC-1 enteroendocrine cells. These findings are critical next steps to reveal new avenues for targeted therapeutics to treat Parkinson's disease, specifically in the context of functional foods that may be used to reshape the gut environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia
M. Balsamo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Keren Zhou
- School
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials
Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Vinay Kammarchedu
- School
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials
Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Aida Ebrahimi
- School
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials
Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Elizabeth N. Bess
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University
of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
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41
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Ribeiro RV, Senior AM, Simpson SJ, Tan J, Raubenheimer D, Le Couteur D, Macia L, Holmes A, Eberhard J, O'Sullivan J, Koay YC, Kanjrawi A, Yang J, Kim T, Gosby A. Rapid benefits in older age from transition to whole food diet regardless of protein source or fat to carbohydrate ratio: Arandomised control trial. Aging Cell 2024:e14276. [PMID: 39011855 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets reduces the risk of chronic conditions. The interaction between protein source and other macronutrients-fat (F) and carbohydrate (C)-has yet to be investigated. The aim was to assess the main and interactive effects of protein-source (plant vs. animal) and F:C (high or low) and the transition from an Australian diet to a whole food diet on various health markers in older individuals. This single-blinded, parallel, randomised experimental trial used a 2 × 2 factorial design to compare pro-vegetarian (70:30 plant to animal) versus omnivorous (50:50 plant to animal) diets at 14% protein and varying fat-to-carbohydrate ratios (high fat ~40% vs. low fat ~30%) over 4 weeks. Study foods were provided, alcohol consumption was discouraged, and dietary intake was determined through food records. Analysis included both RCT and observational data. Changes in appetite, palatability of diets, and dietary intake were assessed. Body composition, muscle strength, function, gut microbiome, and cardiometabolic health parameters were measured. Data from 113 (of the 128 randomised) individuals aged 65-75 years were analysed. Pro-vegetarian diets reduced diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and glucose levels. Moreover, the overall sample exhibited increased short-chain fatty acids and FGF21 levels, as well as improvements in body composition, function, and cardio-metabolic parameters irrespective of dietary treatment. Transitioning to a diet rich in fruit, vegetables, fibre, and moderate protein was associated with improved health markers in older age, with added benefits from pro-vegetarian diets. Further research on long-term effects is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosilene V Ribeiro
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jian Tan
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Chronic Disease Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing and Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Chronic Disease Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Cytometry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joerg Eberhard
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John O'Sullivan
- Cardiometabolic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yen Chin Koay
- Cardiometabolic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alisar Kanjrawi
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jean Yang
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Taiyun Kim
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alison Gosby
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Ross FC, Patangia D, Grimaud G, Lavelle A, Dempsey EM, Ross RP, Stanton C. The interplay between diet and the gut microbiome: implications for health and disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41579-024-01068-4. [PMID: 39009882 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Diet has a pivotal role in shaping the composition, function and diversity of the gut microbiome, with various diets having a profound impact on the stability, functionality and diversity of the microbial community within our gut. Understanding the profound impact of varied diets on the microbiome is crucial, as it will enable us not only to make well-informed dietary decisions for better metabolic and intestinal health, but also to prevent and slow the onset of specific diet-related diseases that stem from suboptimal diets. In this Review, we explore how geographical location affects the gut microbiome and how different diets shape its composition and function. We examine the mechanisms by which whole dietary regimes, such as the Mediterranean diet, high-fibre diet, plant-based diet, high-protein diet, ketogenic diet and Western diet, influence the gut microbiome. Furthermore, we underscore the need for exhaustive studies to better understand the causal relationship between diet, host and microorganisms for the development of precision nutrition and microbiome-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Ross
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dhrati Patangia
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ghjuvan Grimaud
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eugene M Dempsey
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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43
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Doll CL, Snider AJ. The diverse roles of sphingolipids in inflammatory bowel disease. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23777. [PMID: 38934445 PMCID: PMC467036 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400830r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased over the last 20 years. A variety of causes, both physiological and environmental, contribute to the initiation and progression of IBD, making disease management challenging. Current treatment options target various aspects of the immune response to dampen intestinal inflammation; however, their effectiveness at retaining remission, their side effects, and loss of response from patients over time warrant further investigation. Finding a common thread within the multitude causes of IBD is critical in developing robust treatment options. Sphingolipids are evolutionary conserved bioactive lipids universally generated in all cell types. This diverse lipid family is involved in a variety of fundamental, yet sometimes opposing, processes such as proliferation and apoptosis. Implicated as regulators in intestinal diseases, sphingolipids are a potential cornerstone in understanding IBD. Herein we will describe the role of host- and microbial-derived sphingolipids as they relate to the many factors of intestinal health and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L. Doll
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ashley J. Snider
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Lee MH, Nuccio SP, Mohanty I, Hagey LR, Dorrestein PC, Chu H, Raffatellu M. How bile acids and the microbiota interact to shape host immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01057-x. [PMID: 39009868 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids are increasingly appearing in the spotlight owing to their novel impacts on various host processes. Similarly, there is growing attention on members of the microbiota that are responsible for bile acid modifications. With recent advances in technology enabling the discovery and continued identification of microbially conjugated bile acids, the chemical complexity of the bile acid landscape in the body is increasing at a rapid pace. In this Review, we summarize our current understanding of how bile acids and the gut microbiota interact to modulate immune responses during homeostasis and disease, with a particular focus on the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Lee
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sean-Paul Nuccio
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ipsita Mohanty
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lee R Hagey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hiutung Chu
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA, USA.
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45
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Duan J, Du P, Jiang T, Ma X, Sun J, Liang J, Wang J, Liu C. Exploring the mechanism of enterotoxicity mediated by the microbiome-butyrate-PPAR axis in podophyllotoxin through the toxicological evidence chain (TEC) concept. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116548. [PMID: 38850705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is a lignan derived from the roots and stems of the Podophyllum plant. However, its enterotoxicity restricts its clinical application. The underlying mechanisms by which PPT exerts its action remain largely elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms underlying PPT-induced enterotoxicity utilizing the concept of toxicological evidence chain. Changes in body weight, behavior, and histopathological and biochemical markers in rats were observed. Additionally, microbiome, metabolome, and transcriptome analyses were integrated to identify potential microorganisms, metabolic markers, and major pathways using a co-occurrence network. Our findings suggested that PPT induced pathological changes in rats, including weight loss, diarrhea, and inflammation accompanied by increased levels of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-6, GRO/KC, and IL-12p70. The decrease in butyrate levels in the PPT group may be related to the enrichment of Firmicutes. The reduction of butyrate levels may impair the expression of PPARγ, subsequently promoting Escherichia-Shigella proliferation. Additionally, the suppression of PPARs pathway may result in the increased production of inflammatory factors, contributing to enterotoxicity. This study offers a novel understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PPT-induced enterotoxicity, making a significant contribution to developing strategies to mitigate PPT toxicity and prevent associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Peipei Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Jin Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Multiomics and Translational Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
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46
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Jensen N, Maldonado-Gomez M, Krishnakumar N, Weng CY, Castillo J, Razi D, Kalanetra K, German JB, Lebrilla CB, Mills DA, Taft DH. Dietary fiber monosaccharide content alters gut microbiome composition and fermentation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024:e0096424. [PMID: 39007602 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00964-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the mammalian gut microbiota metabolize diverse complex carbohydrates that are not digested by the host, which are collectively labeled "dietary fiber." While the enzymes and transporters that each strain uses to establish a nutrient niche in the gut are often exquisitely specific, the relationship between carbohydrate structure and microbial ecology is imperfectly understood. The present study takes advantage of recent advances in complex carbohydrate structure determination to test the effects of fiber monosaccharide composition on microbial fermentation. Fifty-five fibers with varied monosaccharide composition were fermented by a pooled feline fecal inoculum in a modified MiniBioReactor array system over a period of 72 hours. The content of the monosaccharides glucose and xylose was significantly associated with the reduction of pH during fermentation, which was also predictable from the concentrations of the short-chain fatty acids lactic acid, propionic acid, and the signaling molecule indole-3-acetic acid. Microbiome diversity and composition were also predictable from monosaccharide content and SCFA concentration. In particular, the concentrations of lactic acid and propionic acid correlated with final alpha diversity and were significantly associated with the relative abundance of several of the genera, including Lactobacillus and Dubosiella. Our results suggest that monosaccharide composition offers a generalizable method to compare any dietary fiber of interest and uncover links between diet, gut microbiota, and metabolite production. IMPORTANCE The survival of a microbial species in the gut depends on the availability of the nutrients necessary for that species to survive. Carbohydrates in the form of non-host digestible fiber are of particular importance, and the set of genes possessed by each species for carbohydrate consumption can vary considerably. Here, differences in the monosaccharides that are the building blocks of fiber are considered for their impact on both the survival of different species of microbes and on the levels of microbial fermentation products produced. This work demonstrates that foods with similar monosaccharide content will have consistent effects on the survival of microbial species and on the production of microbial fermentation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Jensen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Maria Maldonado-Gomez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Nithya Krishnakumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cheng-Yu Weng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Juan Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Dale Razi
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Karen Kalanetra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - J Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - David A Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Diana H Taft
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida, USA
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47
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Khalifa A, Guijarro A, Nencioni A. Advances in Diet and Physical Activity in Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Nutrients 2024; 16:2262. [PMID: 39064705 PMCID: PMC11279876 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There is currently a growing interest in diets and physical activity patterns that may be beneficial in preventing and treating breast cancer (BC). Mounting evidence indicates that indeed, the so-called Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and regular physical activity likely both help reduce the risk of developing BC. For those who have already received a BC diagnosis, these interventions may decrease the risk of tumor recurrence after treatment and improve quality of life. Studies also show the potential of other dietary interventions, including fasting or modified fasting, calorie restriction, ketogenic diets, and vegan or plant-based diets, to enhance the efficacy of BC therapies. In this review article, we discuss the biological rationale for utilizing these dietary interventions and physical activity in BC prevention and treatment. We highlight published and ongoing clinical studies that have applied these lifestyle interventions to BC patients. This review offers valuable insights into the potential application of these dietary interventions and physical activity as complimentary therapies in BC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Khalifa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Ana Guijarro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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48
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Hu QY, Man JJ, Luo J, Cheng F, Yang M, Lin G, Wang P. Early life supplementation with mannan-rich fraction to regulate rumen microbiota, gut health, immunity and growth performance in dairy goat kids. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00998-6. [PMID: 39004122 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing gastrointestinal health, immunity, and digestion are key factors to support dairy goat kid performance. Several additives have been studied in relation to these actions. This study investigated the impact of mannan-rich fraction (MRF) inclusion in goat milk on the growth performance, gut health, rumen fermentation and microbial profiles of Xinong Saanen dairy goat kids. Eighty kids aged 14 d and 4.72 ± 0.33 kg body weight (BW) were randomly assigned into 2 groups: Control and MRF (1g/d MRF mixed into milk), each group consisted of 40 kids with 10 kids per pen. All kids were given milk individually and fed starter diet by pen, with the trial lasting 10 weeks. BW and blood samples were collected on the 7th day at 2, 6, 10 and 12 weeks of age, and feed intake was determined daily. From the 1st to 7th day at 12 weeks of age, fecal samples were collected on 4 kids from each group to analyze nutrient digestibility. On the 7th day of 12 weeks of age, 4 kids from each group were slaughtered for evaluation of rumen fermentation, rumen microbiota and gut morphology. The results indicated that MRF supplementation led to greater overall BW (P < 0.01), overall starter dry matter intake (DMI) (P < 0.01) and overall average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.021), while showing lower overall diarrhea rate (P < 0.01). However, no difference in overall feed efficiency (FE) (P = 0.063) and apparent digestibility of nutrients was observed (P > 0.05). Furthermore, MRF supplementation resulted in increased ileal villus height (P = 0.05), and higher RNA expression of Claudin-1 and Occuldin in the duodenum (P < 0.05), ZO-1, JAM-2, and Occuldin in the jejunum (P < 0.05), and Claudin-1, JAM-2, and Occuldin in the ileum (P < 0.05). Additionally, the concentrations of overall IgA, overall IgM and overall IgG were higher in the MRF group (P < 0.01). The concentrations of ruminal acetate and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) were higher with MRF supplementation (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, supplementation with MRF resulted in higher abundance of Bacteroidetes and Succinivibrio, but lower abundance of Firmicutes and Succiniclasticum in the rumen. In conclusion, growth performance, gut health, immunity, and ruminal microbial structure of dairy goat kids benefited from MRF supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Y Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - J J Man
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - J Luo
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
| | - F Cheng
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - M Yang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - G Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - P Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
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49
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Jandl B, Dighe S, Gasche C, Makristathis A, Muttenthaler M. Intestinal biofilms: pathophysiological relevance, host defense, and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024:e0013323. [PMID: 38995034 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00133-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe human intestinal tract harbors a profound variety of microorganisms that live in symbiosis with the host and each other. It is a complex and highly dynamic environment whose homeostasis directly relates to human health. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and polymicrobial biofilms have been associated with gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colorectal cancers. This review covers the molecular composition and organization of intestinal biofilms, mechanistic aspects of biofilm signaling networks for bacterial communication and behavior, and synergistic effects in polymicrobial biofilms. It further describes the clinical relevance and diseases associated with gut biofilms, the role of biofilms in antimicrobial resistance, and the intestinal host defense system and therapeutic strategies counteracting biofilms. Taken together, this review summarizes the latest knowledge and research on intestinal biofilms and their role in gut disorders and provides directions toward the development of biofilm-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Jandl
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Satish Dighe
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christoph Gasche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Loha for Life, Center for Gastroenterology and Iron Deficiency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Athanasios Makristathis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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50
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Wekema L, Schoenmakers S, Schenkelaars N, Laskewitz A, Liu L, Walters L, Harmsen HJM, Steegers-Theunissen RPM, Faas MM. Obesity and diet independently affect maternal immunity, maternal gut microbiota and pregnancy outcome in mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1376583. [PMID: 39072322 PMCID: PMC11272480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1376583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maternal obesity poses risks for both mother and offspring during pregnancy, with underlying mechanisms remaining largely unexplored. Obesity is associated with microbial gut dysbiosis and low-grade inflammation, and also the diet has a major impact on these parameters. This study aimed to investigate how maternal obesity and diet contribute to changes in immune responses, exploring potential associations with gut microbiota dysbiosis and adverse pregnancy outcomes in mice. Methods Before mating, C57BL/6 mice were assigned to either a high-fat-diet (HFD) or low-fat-diet (LFD) to obtain obese (n=17) and lean (n=10) mice. To distinguish between the effects of obesity and diet, 7 obese mice were switched from the HFD to the LFD from day 7 until day 18 of pregnancy ("switch group"), which was the endpoint of the study. T helper (Th) cell subsets were studied in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and Peyer's patches (PP), while monocyte subsets and activation status were determined in maternal blood (flow cytometry). Feces were collected before and during pregnancy (day 7,14,18) for microbiota analysis (16S rRNA sequencing). Pregnancy outcome included determination of fetal and placental weight. Results Obesity increased splenic Th1 and regulatory T cells, MLN Th1 and PP Th17 cells and enhanced IFN-γ and IL-17A production by splenic Th cells upon ex vivo stimulation. Switching diet decreased splenic and PP Th2 cells and classical monocytes, increased intermediate monocytes and activation of intermediate/nonclassical monocytes. Obesity and diet independently induced changes in the gut microbiota. Various bacterial genera were increased or decreased by obesity or the diet switch. These changes correlated with the immunological changes. Fetal weight was lower in the obese than the lean group, while placental weight was lower in the switch than the obese group. Discussion This study demonstrates that obesity and diet independently impact peripheral and intestinal immune responses at the end of pregnancy. Simultaneously, both factors affect specific bacterial gut genera and lead to reduced fetal or placental weight. Our data suggest that switching diet during pregnancy to improve maternal health is not advisable and it supports pre/probiotic treatment of maternal obesity-induced gut dysbiosis to improve maternal immune responses and pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieske Wekema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicole Schenkelaars
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne Laskewitz
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Walters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hermie J. M. Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Marijke M. Faas
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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