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Huang C, Huang Y, Pan L, Li L, Ling X, Wang C, Xiao Q, Zhai N, Long Y, Mo W, Lin F, Huang Y. A novel duplication mutation of SLC2A1 gene causing glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome. Gene 2024; 928:148762. [PMID: 39009233 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yunhua Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Liqiu Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoting Ling
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chenghan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingxing Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Ningneng Zhai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wuning Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Faquan Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yifang Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
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2
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Yun C, Li N, Zhang Y, Fang T, Ma J, Zheng Z, Zhou S, Cai X. Glucose Transporter-Targeting Chimeras Enabling Tumor-Selective Degradation of Secreted and Membrane Proteins. ACS Chem Biol 2024. [PMID: 39374326 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-selective degradation of target proteins has the potential to offer superior therapeutic benefits with maximized therapeutic windows and minimized off-target effects. However, the development of effective lysosome-targeted degradation platforms for achieving selective protein degradation in tumors remains a substantial challenge. Cancer cells depend on certain solute carrier (SLC) transporters to acquire extracellular nutrients to sustain their metabolism and growth. This current study exploits facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs), a group of SLC transporters widely overexpressed in numerous types of cancer, to drive the endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of target proteins in tumor cells. GLUT-targeting chimeras (GTACs) were generated by conjugating multiple glucose ligands to an antibody specific for the target protein. We demonstrate that the constructed GTACs can induce the internalization and lysosomal degradation of the extracellular and membrane proteins streptavidin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Compared with the parent antibody, the GTAC exhibited higher potency in inhibiting the growth of tumor cells in vitro and enhanced tumor-targeting capacity in a tumor-bearing mouse model. Thus, the GTAC platform represents a novel degradation strategy that harnesses an SLC transporter for tumor-selective depletion of secreted and membrane proteins of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Yun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yishu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tong Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenting Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Subing Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
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3
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Zhu Z, Qiao P, Liu M, Sun F, Geng M, Yao H. Blocking the utilization of carbon sources via two pathways to induce tumor starvation for cancer treatment. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 61:102764. [PMID: 38885751 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Glucose oxidase (GOx) is often used to starvation therapy. However, only consuming glucose cannot completely block the energy metabolism of tumor cells. Lactate can support tumor cell survival in the absence of glucose. Here, we constructed a nanoplatform (Met@HMnO2-GOx/HA) that can deplete glucose while inhibiting the compensatory use of lactate by cells to enhance the effect of tumor starvation therapy. GOx can catalyze glucose into gluconic acid and H2O2, and then HMnO2 catalyzes H2O2 into O2 to compensate for the oxygen consumed by GOx, allowing the reaction to proceed sustainably. Furthermore, metformin (Met) can inhibit the conversion of lactate to pyruvate in a redox-dependent manner and reduce the utilization of lactate by tumor cells. Met@HMnO2-GOx/HA nanoparticles maximize the efficacy of tumor starvation therapy by simultaneously inhibiting cellular utilization of two carbon sources. Therefore, this platform is expected to provide new strategies for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pan Qiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Meilin Geng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hanchun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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4
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Zhang H, Chen C, Han J, Wang S, Jia Q, Ling P, Li S, Fang J. Hyaluronan and Glucose Dual-targeting Probe: Synthesis and Application. Bioorg Chem 2024; 153:107816. [PMID: 39276493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a dual-targeting probe consisted of well-defined hyaluronan (HA) oligosaccharide and glucose (Glc) labeled with Rhodamine B (HGR). The probe was designed to enhance tumor targeting both in vitro and in vivo, by simultaneously targeting CD44 and Glc transporter 1 (GLUT1). The HA oligosaccharide component was crucial for accurately assessing the impact of sugar chain structure on targeting efficacy, while its unoccupied carboxyl groups could minimize interference with HA's binding affinity to CD44. In vitro studies demonstrated that HGR possessed remarkable cytocompatibility and superior targeting abilities compared to single-targeting probes. It displayed a marked preference for CD44high/GLUT1high cells rather than CD44low/GLUT1low cells. In vivo studies using murine models further confirmed the significantly enhanced targeting efficacy and excellent biocompatibility of HGR. Therefore, this designed dual-targeting probe holds potential for clinical tumor detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henan Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Changsheng Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jingjun Han
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qingwen Jia
- Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shuang Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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5
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Dong ZR, Zhang MY, Qu LX, Zou J, Yang YH, Ma YL, Yang CC, Cao XL, Wang LY, Zhang XL, Li T. Spatial resolved transcriptomics reveals distinct cross-talk between cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Biomark Res 2024; 12:100. [PMID: 39256888 PMCID: PMC11389341 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have shown that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote cancer initiation and progression. However, the reprogramming of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the cross-talk between TAMs and malignant subclones in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) has not been fully characterized, especially in a spatially resolved manner. Deciphering the spatial architecture of variable tissue cellular components in iCCA could contribute to the positional context of gene expression containing information pathological changes and cellular variability. METHODS Here, we applied spatial transcriptomics (ST) and digital spatial profiler (DSP) technologies with tumor sections from patients with iCCA. RESULTS The results reveal that spatial inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneities feature iCCA malignancy, and tumor subclones are mainly driven by physical proximity. Tumor cells with TME components shaped the intra-sectional heterogenetic spatial architecture. Macrophages are the most infiltrated TME component in iCCA. The protein trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) secreted by the malignant subclone can induce macrophages to reprogram to a tumor-promoting state, which in turn contributes to an immune-suppressive environment and boosts tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our description of the iCCA ecosystem in a spatially resolved manner provides novel insights into the spatial features and the immune suppressive landscapes of TME for iCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ru Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250010, Shandong, China
| | - Meng-Ya Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ling-Xin Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zou
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yong-Heng Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-Long Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250010, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Cheng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250010, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-Lei Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250010, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Yuan Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Cheeloo Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250010, Shandong, China.
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Carrà G, Petiti J, Tolino F, Vacca R, Orso F. MicroRNAs in metabolism for precision treatment of lung cancer. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:121. [PMID: 39256662 PMCID: PMC11384722 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of miRNAs in lung cancer has been extensively documented, with specific miRNAs acting as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes, depending on their target genes. Recent research has unveiled the regulatory roles of miRNAs in key metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and autophagy, which collectively contribute to the aberrant energy metabolism characteristic of cancer cells. Furthermore, miRNAs are increasingly recognized as critical modulators of the tumor microenvironment, impacting immune response and angiogenesis. This review embarks on a comprehensive journey into the world of miRNAs, unraveling their multifaceted roles, and more notably, their emerging significance in the context of cancer, with a particular focus on lung cancer. As we navigate this extensive terrain, we will explore the fascinating realm of miRNA-mediated metabolic rewiring, a phenomenon that plays a pivotal role in the progression of lung cancer and holds promise in the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Carrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
- San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Jessica Petiti
- Division of Advanced Materials Metrology and Life Sciences, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Tolino
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Rita Vacca
- Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Orso
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
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7
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Pu J, Han J, Yang J, Yu L, Wan H. Anaerobic Glycolysis and Ischemic Stroke: From Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways to Natural Product Therapy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:3090-3105. [PMID: 39140296 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a serious condition that results in high rates of illness and death. Anaerobic glycolysis becomes the primary means of providing energy to the brain during periods of low oxygen levels, such as in the aftermath of an ischemic stroke. This process is essential for maintaining vital brain functions and has significant implications for recovery following a stroke. Energy supply by anaerobic glycolysis and acidosis caused by lactic acid accumulation are important pathological processes after ischemic stroke. Numerous natural products regulate glucose and lactate, which in turn modulate anaerobic glycolysis. This article focuses on the relationship between anaerobic glycolysis and ischemic stroke, as well as the associated signaling pathways and natural products that play a therapeutic role. These natural products, which can regulate anaerobic glycolysis, will provide new avenues and perspectives for the treatment of ischemic stroke in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Pu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jin Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Wang W, Li Z, Yuan S, Du Z, Li J, Peng H, Ru S. A Potential Neurotoxic Mechanism: Bisphenol S-Induced Inhibition of Glucose Transporter 1 Leads to ATP Excitotoxicity in the Zebrafish Brain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:15463-15474. [PMID: 39167196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Many environmental pollutants have neurotoxic effects, but the initial molecular events involved in these effects are unclear. Here, zebrafish were exposed to the neurotoxicant bisphenol S (BPS, 1, 10, or 100 μg/L) from the embryonic stage to the larval stage to explore the ability of BPS to interfere with energy metabolism in the brain. BPS, which is similar to a glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibitor, inhibited GLUT1 function but increased mitochondrial activity in the brains of larval zebrafish. Interestingly, GLUT1 inhibitor treatment and BPS exposure did not reduce energy production in the brain; instead, they increased ATP production by inducing the preferential use of ketone bodies. Moreover, BPS promoted the protein expression of the purinergic 2X receptor but inhibited the purinergic 2Y-mediated phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway, indicating that excess ATP acts as a neurotransmitter to activate the purinergic 2X receptor under the BPS-induced restriction of GLUT1 function. BPS-induced inhibition of GLUT1 increased the number of neurons but promoted apoptosis by activating ATP-purinergic 2X receptors in the brain, causing ATP excitatory neurotoxicity. Our data reveal a potential neurotoxic mechanism induced by BPS that may represent a new adverse outcome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ze Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shipeng Yuan
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zehui Du
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiali Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hongyuan Peng
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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9
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Liu Y, Wang F, Peng D, Zhang D, Liu L, Wei J, Yuan J, Zhao L, Jiang H, Zhang T, Li Y, Zhao C, He S, Wu J, Yan Y, Zhang P, Guo C, Zhang J, Li X, Gao H, Li K. Activation and antitumor immunity of CD8 + T cells are supported by the glucose transporter GLUT10 and disrupted by lactic acid. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadk7399. [PMID: 39196962 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adk7399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
CD8+ T cell activation leads to the rapid proliferation and differentiation of effector T cells (Teffs), which mediate antitumor immunity. Although aerobic glycolysis is preferentially activated in CD8+ Teffs, the mechanisms that regulate CD8+ T cell glucose uptake in the low-glucose and acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the abundance of the glucose transporter GLUT10 is increased during CD8+ T cell activation and antitumor immunity. Specifically, GLUT10 deficiency inhibited glucose uptake, glycolysis, and antitumor efficiency of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Supplementation with glucose alone was insufficient to rescue the antitumor function and glucose uptake of CD8+ T cells in the TME. By analyzing tumor environmental metabolites, we found that high concentrations of lactic acid reduced the glucose uptake, activation, and antitumor effects of CD8+ T cells by directly binding to GLUT10's intracellular motif. Disrupting the interaction of lactic acid and GLUT10 by the mimic peptide PG10.3 facilitated CD8+ T cell glucose utilization, proliferation, and antitumor functions. The combination of PG10.3 and GLUT1 inhibition or anti-programmed cell death 1 antibody treatment showed synergistic antitumor effects. Together, our data indicate that GLUT10 is selectively required for glucose uptake of CD8+ T cells and identify that TME accumulated lactic acid inhibits CD8+ T cell effector function by directly binding to GLUT10 and reducing its glucose transport capacity. Last, our study suggests disrupting lactate-GLUT10 binding as a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dongxue Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Luping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jian Yuan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Luyao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huimin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yunxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuhua He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yechao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chunyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xia Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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10
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Yang Y, Pu J, Yang Y. Glycolysis and chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35721. [PMID: 39170140 PMCID: PMC11336864 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
While traditional high-dose chemotherapy can effectively prolong the overall survival of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and contribute to better prognostic outcomes, the advent of chemoresistance is a persistent challenge to effective AML management in the clinic. The therapeutic resistance is thought to emerge owing to the heterogeneous and adaptable nature of tumor cells when exposed to exogenous stimuli. Recent studies have focused on exploring metabolic changes that may afford novel opportunities to treat AML, with a particular focus on glycolytic metabolism. The Warburg effect, a hallmark of cancer, refers to metabolism of glucose through glycolysis under normoxic conditions, which contributes to the development of chemoresistance. Despite the key significance of this metabolic process in the context of malignant transformation, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking glycolysis to chemoresistance in AML remain incompletely understood. This review offers an overview of the current status of research focused on the relationship between glycolytic metabolism and AML resistance to chemotherapy, with a particular focus on the contributions of glucose transporters, key glycolytic enzymes, signaling pathways, non-coding RNAs, and the tumor microenvironment to this relationship. Together, this article will provide a foundation for the selection of novel therapeutic targets and the formulation of new approaches to treating AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Zigong Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Jianlin Pu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zigong Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Zigong mental health Center, Zigong Institute of Brain Science, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - You Yang
- Department of Pediatrics (Children Hematological Oncology), Birth Defects and Childhood Hematological Oncology Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- The Second Hospital, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
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Naghdi A, Oska N, Yumnamcha T, Eltanani S, Shawky M, Me R, Ibrahim AS. The significance of upper glycolytic components in regulating retinal pigment epithelial cellular behavior. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18862. [PMID: 39143171 PMCID: PMC11324787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix and its natural outcome of cell spreading, along with the maintenance of barrier activity, are essential behaviors of epithelial cells, including retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Disruptions in these characteristics can result in severe vision-threatening diseases such as diabetic macular edema and age-related macular degeneration. However, the precise mechanisms underlying how RPE cells regulate their barrier integrity and cell spreading are not fully understood. This study aims to elucidate the relative importance of upper glycolytic components in governing these cellular behaviors of RPE cells. Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) technology was utilized to assess in real-time the effects of targeting various upper glycolytic enzymes on RPE barrier function and cell spreading by measuring cell resistance and capacitance, respectively. Specific inhibitors used included WZB117 for Glut1 inhibition, Lonidamine for Hexokinase inhibition, PFK158 for PFKFB3/PFK axis inhibition, and TDZD-8 for Aldolase inhibition. Additionally, the viability of RPE cells was evaluated using a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay. The most significant decrease in electrical resistance and increase in capacitance of RPE cells were observed due to dose-dependent inhibition of Glut1 using WZB117, as well as Aldolase inhibition with TDZD-8. LDH level analysis at 24-72 h post-treatment with WZB117 (1 and 10 μM) or TDZD-8 (1 μM) showed no significant difference compared to the control, indicating that the disruption of RPE functionality was not attributed to cell death. Lastly, inhibition of other upper glycolytic components, including PFKFB3/PFK with PFK158 or Hexokinase with Lonidamine, did not significantly affect RPE cell behavior. This study provides insights into the varied roles of upper glycolytic components in regulating the functionality of RPE cells. Specifically, it highlights the critical roles of Glut1 and Aldolase in preserving barrier integrity and promoting RPE cell adhesion and spreading. Such understanding will guide the development of safe interventions to treat RPE cell dysfunction in various retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armaan Naghdi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (Room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Nicole Oska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (Room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Thangal Yumnamcha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (Room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Shaimaa Eltanani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (Room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Mohamed Shawky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (Room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta City, Egypt
| | - Rao Me
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (Room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ahmed S Ibrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (Room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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12
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Lee SS, Kim S, Jin MS. Cryo-EM structure of the human glucose transporter GLUT7. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 738:150544. [PMID: 39163817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
GLUT7 is a Class II glucose transporter predominantly expressed at the apical membrane of enterocytes in the small intestine. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of nanodisc-reconstituted human GLUT7 in the apo state at 3.3 Å resolution. Our atomic model reveals a typical major facilitator superfamily fold, with the substrate-binding site open to the extracellular side of the membrane. Despite the nearly identical conformation to its closest family member, rat GLUT5, our structure unveils distinct features of the substrate-binding cavity that may influence substrate specificity and binding mode. A homology model of the inward-open human GLUT7 indicates that similar to other members of the GLUT family, it may undergo a global rocker-switch-like reorientation of the transmembrane bundles to facilitate substrate translocation across the membrane. Our work enhances the current structural understanding of the GLUT family, and lays a foundation for rational design of regulators of GLUTs and other sugar transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Soo Lee
- School of Life Sciences, GIST, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, GIST, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Jin
- School of Life Sciences, GIST, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Colombo RB, Maxit C, Martinelli D, Anderson M, Masone D, Mayorga L. PURA and GLUT1: Sweet partners for brain health. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167261. [PMID: 38777099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURA, also known as Pur-alpha, is an evolutionarily conserved DNA/RNA-binding protein crucial for various cellular processes, including DNA replication, transcriptional regulation, and translational control. Comprising three PUR domains, it engages with nucleic acids and has a role in protein-protein interactions. The manifestation of PURA syndrome, arising from mutations in the PURA gene, presents neurologically with developmental delay, hypotonia, and seizures. In our prior work from 2018, we highlighted the unique case of a PURA patient displaying hypoglycorrhachia, suggesting a potential association with GLUT1 dysfunction in this syndrome. In this current study, we expand the patient cohort with PURA mutations exhibiting hypoglycorrhachia and aim to unravel the molecular basis of this phenomenon. We established an in vitro model in HeLa cells to modulate PURA expression and investigated GLUT1 function and expression. Our findings indicate that PURA levels directly impact glucose uptake through the functioning of GLUT1, without influencing significantly GLUT1 expression. Moreover, our study reveals evidence for a possible physical interaction between PURA and GLUT1, demonstrated by colocalization and co-immunoprecipitation of both proteins. Computational analyses, employing molecular dynamics, further corroborates these findings, demonstrating that PURA:GLUT1 interactions are plausible, and that the stability of the complex is altered when PURA is truncated and/or mutated. In conclusion, our results suggest that PURA plays a pivotal role in driving the function of GLUT1 for glucose uptake, potentially forming a regulatory complex. Additional investigations are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms governing this complex and its significance in ensuring proper GLUT1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío B Colombo
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad De Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional De San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Clarisa Maxit
- Servicio de Neurología infantil, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Mel Anderson
- PURA Foundation Australia, Plenty Victoria, Australia
| | - Diego Masone
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Lía Mayorga
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina; Instituto de Neurología Infantojuvenil (Neuroinfan), Mendoza, Argentina.
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14
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Alilova GA, Tikhonova LA, Kosenko EA. NMDA Receptors and Indices of Energy Metabolism in Erythrocytes: Missing Link to the Assessment of Efficiency of Oxygen Transport in Hepatic Encephalopathy. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:1490-1508. [PMID: 39245457 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792408008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that develops in patients with severe liver dysfunction and/or portocaval shunting. Despite more than a century of research into the relationship between liver damage and development of encephalopathy, pathogenetic mechanisms of hepatic encephalopathy have not yet been fully elucidated. It is generally recognized, however, that the main trigger of neurologic complications in hepatic encephalopathy is the neurotoxin ammonia/ammonium, concentration of which in the blood increases to toxic levels (hyperammonemia), when detoxification function of the liver is impaired. Freely penetrating into brain cells and affecting NMDA-receptor-mediated signaling, ammonia triggers a pathological cascade leading to the sharp inhibition of aerobic glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, brain hypoperfusion, nerve cell damage, and formation of neurological deficits. Brain hypoperfusion, in turn, could be due to the impaired oxygen transport function of erythrocytes, because of the disturbed energy metabolism that occurs in the membranes and inside erythrocytes and controls affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, which determines the degree of oxygenation of blood and tissues. In our recent study, this causal relationship was confirmed and novel ammonium-induced pro-oxidant effect mediated by excessive activation of NMDA receptors leading to impaired oxygen transport function of erythrocytes was revealed. For a more complete evaluation of "erythrocytic" factors that diminish brain oxygenation and lead to encephalopathy, in this study, activity of the enzymes and concentration of metabolites of glycolysis and Rapoport-Lubering shunt, as well as morphological characteristics of erythrocytes from the rats with acute hyperammoniemia were determined. To elucidate the role of NMDA receptors in the above processes, MK-801, a non-competitive receptor antagonist, was used. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that it is necessary to consider ammonium-induced morphofunctional disorders of erythrocytes and hemoglobinemia which can occur as a result of alterations in highly integrated networks of metabolic pathways may act as an additional systemic "erythrocytic" pathogenetic factor to prevent the onset and progression of cerebral hypoperfusion in hepatic encephalopathy accompanied by hyperammonemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gubidat A Alilova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Lyudmila A Tikhonova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Elena A Kosenko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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15
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Lau K, Kotzur R, Richter F. Blood-brain barrier alterations and their impact on Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and therapy. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:37. [PMID: 39075566 PMCID: PMC11285262 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for blood-brain barrier (BBB) alterations in Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with rapidly rising prevalence. Altered tight junction and transporter protein levels, accumulation of α-synuclein and increase in inflammatory processes lead to extravasation of blood molecules and vessel degeneration. This could result in a self-perpetuating pathophysiology of inflammation and BBB alteration, which contribute to neurodegeneration. Toxin exposure or α-synuclein over-expression in animal models has been shown to initiate similar pathologies, providing a platform to study underlying mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on BBB alterations in PD patients and how rodent models that replicate some of these changes can be used to study disease mechanisms. Specific challenges in assessing the BBB in patients and in healthy controls are discussed. Finally, a potential role of BBB alterations in disease pathogenesis and possible implications for therapy are explored. The interference of BBB alterations with current and novel therapeutic strategies requires more attention. Brain region-specific BBB alterations could also open up novel opportunities to target specifically vulnerable neuronal subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lau
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kotzur
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Richter
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
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16
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Matar R, Tang D, McCall S, de Silva R. Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome and paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia. Pract Neurol 2024:pn-2024-004118. [PMID: 38997137 DOI: 10.1136/pn-2024-004118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Matar
- Department of Neurology, Queen's Hospital, BHR University Hospitals NHS Trust, Romford, UK
| | - Danielle Tang
- Department of Neurology, Queen's Hospital, BHR University Hospitals NHS Trust, Romford, UK
| | | | - Rajith de Silva
- Department of Neurology, Queen's Hospital, BHR University Hospitals NHS Trust, Romford, UK
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17
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Milne RJ, Dibley KE, Bose J, Riaz A, Zhang J, Schnippenkoetter W, Ashton AR, Ryan PR, Tyerman SD, Lagudah ES. Dissecting the causal polymorphism of the Lr67res multipathogen resistance gene. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3877-3890. [PMID: 38618744 PMCID: PMC11233415 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Partial resistance to multiple biotrophic fungal pathogens in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is conferred by a variant of the Lr67 gene, which encodes a hexose-proton symporter. Two mutations (G144R and V387L) differentiate the resistant and susceptible protein variants (Lr67res and Lr67sus). Lr67res lacks sugar transport capability and was associated with anion transporter-like properties when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Here, we extended this functional characterization to include yeast and in planta studies. The Lr67res allele, but not Lr67sus, induced sensitivity to ions in yeast (including NaCl, LiCl, and KI), which is consistent with our previous observations that Lr67res expression in oocytes induces novel ion fluxes. We demonstrate that another naturally occurring single amino acid variant in wheat, containing only the Lr67G144R mutation, confers rust resistance. Transgenic barley plants expressing the orthologous HvSTP13 gene carrying the G144R and V387L mutations were also more resistant to Puccinia hordei infection. NaCl treatment of pot-grown adult wheat plants with the Lr67res allele induced leaf tip necrosis and partial leaf rust resistance. An Lr67res-like function can be introduced into orthologous plant hexose transporters via single amino acid mutation, highlighting the strong possibility of generating disease resistance in other crops, especially with gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky J Milne
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | | | - Jayakumar Bose
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- School of Science and Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Adnan Riaz
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Jianping Zhang
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW 2570, Australia
| | | | | | - Peter R Ryan
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
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18
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Wang X, Ding B, Liu W, Qi L, Li J, Zheng X, Song Y, Li Q, Wu J, Zhang M, Chen H, Wang Y, Li Y, Sun B, Ma P. Dual Starvations Induce Pyroptosis for Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Therapy through Simultaneous Deprivation of Glucose and Glutamine. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17854-17865. [PMID: 38776361 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly fatal disease, and existing treatment methods are ineffective, so it is urgent to develop new effective treatment strategies. The high dependence of pancreatic cancer cells on glucose and glutamine suggests that disrupting this dependency could serve as an alternative strategy for pancreatic cancer therapy. We identified the vital genes glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2) through bioinformatics analysis, which regulate glucose and glutamine metabolism in pancreatic cancer, respectively. Human serum albumin nanoparticles (HSA NPs) for delivery of GLUT1 and ASCT2 inhibitors, BAY-876/V-9302@HSA NPs, were prepared by a self-assembly process. This nanodrug inhibits glucose and glutamine uptake of pancreatic cancer cells through the released BAY-876 and V-9302, leading to nutrition deprivation and oxidative stress. The inhibition of glutamine leads to the inhibition of the synthesis of the glutathione, which further aggravates oxidative stress. Both of them lead to a significant increase in reactive oxygen species, activating caspase 1 and GSDMD and finally inducing pyroptosis. This study provides a new effective strategy for orthotopic pancreatic cancer treatment by dual starvation-induced pyroptosis. The study for screening metabolic targets using bioinformatics analysis followed by constructing nanodrugs loaded with inhibitors will inspire future targeted metabolic therapy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
- Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Binbin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
- Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lishuang Qi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jiating Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
- Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
- Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yiqin Song
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
- Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
- Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
- Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
- Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
- Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yilong Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
- Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
- Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ping'an Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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19
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Wang C, Li Z, Zhai H, Shen X, Li F, Zhang Q, Li D, Hou H. Targeted blocking of EGFR and GLUT1 by compound H reveals a new strategy for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 198:106789. [PMID: 38710335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoplasmic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in both nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), while clinical outcome and prognosis vary greatly among patients treated with gefitinib, and all patients eventually develop resistance to this agent. Therefore, we propose a new concept for synthesizing multitarget compounds and reveal new therapeutic strategies for NPC and TNBC expressing EGFR. METHODS Compound H was synthesized in our previous study. Molecular docking, and cell thermal shift assays (CETSAs) and drug affinity responsive target stability(DARTS) were used to confirm the binding of compound H to EGFR and GLUT1. Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT), annexin V-PE assays, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assays, and animal models were used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of compound H on TNBC cell lines. Energy metabolism tests, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to evaluate the synergistic effects on EGFR- and glucose transporter type 1(GLUT1)-mediated energy metabolism. RESULTS Compound H can simultaneously act on the EGFR tyrosine kinase ATP-binding site and inhibit GLUT1-mediated energy metabolism, resulting in reductions in ATP, MMP, intra-cellular lactic acid, and EGFR nuclear transfer. The anti-tumor activity of compound H is significantly superior to the combination of GLUT1 inhibitor BAY876 and EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. Compound H has remarkable anti-proliferative effects on TNBC MDA-MB231 cells, and importantly, no obvious toxicity effects of compound H were found in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Synergistic effects of inhibition of EGFR- and GLUT1-mediated energy metabolism by compound H may present a new strategy for the treatment of TNBC and NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmiao Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhaoquan Li
- Clinical Pharmacology Discipline, GongRen Hospital of Wuzhou, Wuzhou 543000, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Honglan Zhai
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Fengming Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Danrong Li
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Huaxin Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China.
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20
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Shen Z, Xu L, Wu T, Wang H, Wang Q, Ge X, Kong F, Huang G, Pan X. Structural basis for urate recognition and apigenin inhibition of human GLUT9. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5039. [PMID: 38866775 PMCID: PMC11169512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Urate, the physiological form of uric acid and a potent antioxidant in serum, plays a pivotal role in scavenging reactive oxygen species. Yet excessive accumulation of urate, known as hyperuricemia, is the primary risk factor for the development of gout. The high-capacity urate transporter GLUT9 represents a promising target for gout treatment. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of human GLUT9 in complex with urate or its inhibitor apigenin at overall resolutions of 3.5 Å and 3.3 Å, respectively. In both structures, GLUT9 exhibits an inward open conformation, wherein the substrate binding pocket faces the intracellular side. These structures unveil the molecular basis for GLUT9's substrate preference of urate over glucose, and show that apigenin acts as a competitive inhibitor by occupying the substrate binding site. Our findings provide critical information for the development of specific inhibitors targeting GLUT9 as potential therapeutics for gout and hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Shen
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Institute of Bio-Architecture and Bio-Interactions (IBABI), Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation (SMART), Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qifan Wang
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Ge
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Kong
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoxingyu Huang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- Institute of Bio-Architecture and Bio-Interactions (IBABI), Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation (SMART), Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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Luo H, Wei J, Wu S, Zheng Q, Lin X, Chen P. Elucidating the role of the GC/GR/GLUT1 axis in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head: A proteomic approach. Bone 2024; 183:117074. [PMID: 38513307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a prevalent and incapacitating condition that affects the hip joint. Unfortunately, early diagnostic and treatment measures are limited. METHODS Our study employed Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) labeling mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative proteome to compare the proteins of femoral head tissues in patients with SONFH with those of patients who sustained femoral neck fracture (FNF). We investigated the level and effects of glucose transporter member 1 (GLUT1) in SONFH patients and MC3T3-E1 cells and examined the function and molecular mechanism of GLUT1 in the context of SONFH using in vivo and in vitro approaches. RESULTS The SONFH group exhibited significant changes in protein expression levels compared to the fracture group. Specifically, we observed the up-regulation of 86 proteins and the down-regulation of 138 proteins in the SONFH group. Among the differentially expressed proteins, GLUT1 was down-regulated and associated with glucose metabolic processes in the SONFH group. Further analysis using Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM), WB, and PCR confirmed that the protein was significantly down-regulated in both femoral head tissue samples from SONFH patients and dexamethasone-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, overexpression of GLUT1 effectively reduced glucocorticoid (GC)-induced apoptosis and the suppression of osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells, as well as GC-induced femoral head destruction in GC-induced ONFH rat models. Additionally, our research demonstrated that GC down-regulated GLUT1 transcription via glucocorticoid receptors in MC3T3-E1 cells. CONCLUSIONS GLUT1 was down-regulated in patients with SONFH; furthermore, down-regulated GLUT1 promoted apoptosis and inhibited osteoblast ossification in dexamethasone-induced MC3T3-E1 cells and contributed to GC-induced femoral head destruction in a SONFH rat model. Glucocorticoids inhibited the transcriptional activity of GLUT1, leading to a reduction in the amount and activity of GLUT1 in the cells and ultimately promoting apoptosis and inhibiting osteoblast ossification via the GC/GR/GLUT1 axis in SONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Sports Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Wei
- The School of Clinical Medical, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Songye Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Sports Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qunya Zheng
- The School of Clinical Medical, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Sports Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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22
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Orsini EM, Roychowdhury S, Gangadhariah M, Cross E, Abraham S, Reinhardt A, Grund ME, Zhou JY, Stuehr O, Pant B, Olman MA, Vachharajani V, Scheraga RG. TRPV4 Regulates the Macrophage Metabolic Response to Limit Sepsis-induced Lung Injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:457-467. [PMID: 38346220 PMCID: PMC11160412 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0456oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response that requires effective macrophage metabolic functions to resolve ongoing inflammation. Previous work showed that the mechanosensitive cation channel, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), mediates macrophage phagocytosis and cytokine production in response to lung infection. Here, we show that TRPV4 regulates glycolysis in a stiffness-dependent manner by augmenting macrophage glucose uptake by GLUT1. In addition, TRPV4 is required for LPS-induced phagolysosome maturation in a GLUT1-dependent manner. In a cecal slurry mouse model of sepsis, TRPV4 regulates sepsis-induced glycolysis as measured by BAL fluid (BALF) lactate and sepsis-induced lung injury as measured by BALF total protein and lung compliance. TRPV4 is necessary for bacterial clearance in the peritoneum to limit sepsis-induced lung injury. It is interesting that BALF lactate is increased in patients with sepsis compared with healthy control participants, supporting the relevance of lung cell glycolysis to human sepsis. These data show that macrophage TRPV4 is required for glucose uptake through GLUT1 for effective phagolysosome maturation to limit sepsis-induced lung injury. Our work presents TRPV4 as a potential target to protect the lung from injury in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M. Orsini
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Integrated Hospital Care Institute, and
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mahesha Gangadhariah
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Emily Cross
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Susamma Abraham
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Amanda Reinhardt
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Megan E. Grund
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Julie Y. Zhou
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Olivia Stuehr
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Bishnu Pant
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mitchell A. Olman
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Integrated Hospital Care Institute, and
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Integrated Hospital Care Institute, and
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rachel G. Scheraga
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Integrated Hospital Care Institute, and
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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23
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Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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24
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Liu Z, Cao X, Ma Z, Xu L, Wang L, Li J, Xiao M, Jiang X. Enhanced Sampling Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal Transport Mechanism of Glycoconjugate Drugs through GLUT1. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5486. [PMID: 38791523 PMCID: PMC11122603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose transporters GLUT1 belong to the major facilitator superfamily and are essential to human glucose uptake. The overexpression of GLUT1 in tumor cells designates it as a pivotal target for glycoconjugate anticancer drugs. However, the interaction mechanism of glycoconjugate drugs with GLUT1 remains largely unknown. Here, we employed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, coupled to steered and umbrella sampling techniques, to examine the thermodynamics governing the transport of glucose and two glycoconjugate drugs (i.e., 6-D-glucose-conjugated methane sulfonate and 6-D-glucose chlorambucil) by GLUT1. We characterized the specific interactions between GLUT1 and substrates at different transport stages, including substrate recognition, transport, and releasing, and identified the key residues involved in these procedures. Importantly, our results described, for the first time, the free energy profiles of GLUT1-transporting glycoconjugate drugs, and demonstrated that H160 and W388 served as important gates to regulate their transport via GLUT1. These findings provide novel atomic-scale insights for understanding the transport mechanism of GLUT1, facilitating the discovery and rational design of GLUT1-targeted anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xueting Cao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhenyu Ma
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Limei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jian Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Min Xiao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xukai Jiang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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25
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Xu H, Zhang LB, Luo YY, Wang L, Zhang YP, Chen PQ, Ba XY, Han J, Luo H. Synaptotagmins family affect glucose transport in retinal pigment epithelial cells through their ubiquitination-mediated degradation and glucose transporter-1 regulation. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:958-976. [PMID: 38766439 PMCID: PMC11099358 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptotagmins (SYTs) are a family of 17 membrane transporters that function as calcium ion sensors during the release of Ca2+-dependent neurotransmitters and hormones. However, few studies have reported whether members of the SYT family play a role in glucose uptake in diabetic retinopathy (DR) through Ca2+/glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) and the possible regulatory mechanism of SYTs. AIM To elucidate the role of the SYT family in the regulation of glucose transport in retinal pigment epithelial cells and explore its potential as a therapeutic target for the clinical management of DR. METHODS DR was induced by streptozotocin in C57BL/6J mice and by high glucose medium in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19). Bioinformatics analysis, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, flow cytometry, ELISA, HE staining, and TUNEL staining were used for analysis. RESULTS Six differentially expressed proteins (SYT2, SYT3, SYT4, SYT7, SYT11, and SYT13) were found between the DR and control groups, and SYT4 was highly expressed. Hyperglycemia induces SYT4 overexpression, manipulates Ca2+ influx to induce GLUT1 fusion with the plasma membrane, promotes abnormal expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1 and excessive glucose uptake, induces ARPE-19 cell apoptosis, and promotes DR progression. Parkin deficiency inhibits the proteasomal degradation of SYT4 in DR, resulting in SYT4 accumulation and enhanced GLUT1 fusion with the plasma membrane, and these effects were blocked by oe-Parkin treatment. Moreover, dysregulation of the myelin transcription factor 1 (Myt1)-induced transcription of SYT4 in DR further activated the SYT4-mediated stimulus-secretion coupling process, and this process was inhibited in the oe-MYT1-treated group. CONCLUSION Our study reveals the key role of SYT4 in regulating glucose transport in retinal pigment epithelial cells during the pathogenesis of DR and the underlying mechanism and suggests potential therapeutic targets for clinical DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture & The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture 675000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Li-Bo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture & The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture 675000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yi-Yi Luo
- Precision Medicine Center of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, The People’s Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture & The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture 675000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The People’s Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture & The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture 675000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ye-Pin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The People’s Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture & The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture 675000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Pei-Qi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The People’s Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture & The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture 675000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xue-Ying Ba
- Precision Medicine Center of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, The People’s Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture & The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture 675000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jian Han
- Precision Medicine Center of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, The People’s Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture & The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture 675000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Heng Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture & The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture 675000, Yunnan Province, China
- Precision Medicine Center of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, The People’s Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture & The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture 675000, Yunnan Province, China
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26
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Moynihan E, Galiana-Cameo M, Sandri M, Ruffini A, Panseri S, Velasco-Torrijos T, Montesi M, Montagner D. 2D and 3D anticancer properties of C2-functionalised glucosamine-Pt (IV) prodrugs based on cisplatin scaffold. Front Chem 2024; 12:1388332. [PMID: 38770272 PMCID: PMC11102980 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1388332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of C2-functionalied Pt (IV) glycoconjugates based on glucosamine have been synthesised, characterised and tested as anticancer agents on a series of different 2D and 3D cancer cell lines. The carbohydrate will act as a targeted delivery system to improve the selectivity, exploiting the Warburg Effect and the GLUTs receptors that are overexpressed in most of the cancer cells. The hydroxyl at C2 of the carbohydrates does not participate in hydrogen bonding with the GLUTs receptors, making C2 an attractive position for drug conjugation as seen in literature. In this study, we use the amino functionality at the C2 position in glucosamine and Copper-catalysed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition "click" (CuAAC) reaction to connect the prodrug Pt (IV) scaffold to the carbohydrate. We have investigated complexes with different linker lengths, as well as acetyl protected and free derivatives. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first series of Pt (IV) glucosamine-conjugates functionalised at C2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Moynihan
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | | | - Monica Sandri
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (ISSMC)– National Research Council (CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Ruffini
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (ISSMC)– National Research Council (CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Silvia Panseri
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (ISSMC)– National Research Council (CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Trinidad Velasco-Torrijos
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Londsdale for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Monica Montesi
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (ISSMC)– National Research Council (CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Diego Montagner
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Londsdale for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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Jia K, Wang J, Jiang D, Zhao Q, Shen D, Zhang X, Qiu Z, Wang Y, Lu C, Xia D. Bombyx mori triose-phosphate transporter protein inhibits Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection by reducing the cell glycolysis pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131197. [PMID: 38554913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Bombyx mori triose-phosphate transporter protein (BmTPT) is a member of the solute carrier (SLC) family. Its main function is to transport triose phosphate between intracellular and extracellular. In this study, BmTPT was cloned and characterised from the fat body of the silkworm Bombyx mori, resulting in an open reading frame (ORF) with a full length of 936 bp, which can encode 311 amino acid residues and has eight transmembrane structural domains. BmTPT was distributed throughout the cell and deposited the most in the nucleus, and is expressed in all tissues of Bombyx mori. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection significantly up-regulated BmTPT expression in immune tissue fat bodies. In addition, overexpression of BmTPT significantly inhibited BmNPV infection and markedly reduced the expression of enzymes related to the cellular glycolytic pathway; on the contrary, down-regulation of BmTPT expression by RNA interference resulted in robust replication of BmNPV and a significant increase in the expression of enzymes related to the cellular glycolytic pathway. This is the first report that BmTPT has antiviral effect in silkworm, and also could result in a lack of energy and raw materials for BmNPV replication and infection through down-regulation of the cellular glycolytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifang Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Jinyang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Dongxu Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Zhiyong Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Zhenjiang Agricultural Product Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dingguo Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China.
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28
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Korszun-Karbowniczak J, Krysiak ZJ, Saluk J, Niemcewicz M, Zdanowski R. The Progress in Molecular Transport and Therapeutic Development in Human Blood-Brain Barrier Models in Neurological Disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:34. [PMID: 38627312 PMCID: PMC11021242 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is responsible for maintaining homeostasis within the central nervous system (CNS). Depending on its permeability, certain substances can penetrate the brain, while others are restricted in their passage. Therefore, the knowledge about BBB structure and function is essential for understanding physiological and pathological brain processes. Consequently, the functional models can serve as a key to help reveal this unknown. There are many in vitro models available to study molecular mechanisms that occur in the barrier. Brain endothelial cells grown in culture are commonly used to modeling the BBB. Current BBB platforms include: monolayer platforms, transwell, matrigel, spheroidal, and tissue-on-chip models. In this paper, the BBB structure, molecular characteristic, as well as its dysfunctions as a consequence of aging, neurodegeneration, or under hypoxia and neurotoxic conditions are presented. Furthermore, the current modelling strategies that can be used to study BBB for the purpose of further drugs development that may reach CNS are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Korszun-Karbowniczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine National Research Institute, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
- BioMedChem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 21/23 Matejki Street, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Joanna Krysiak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine National Research Institute, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Saluk
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lodz, 68 Narutowicza Street, 90-136, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Niemcewicz
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 68 Narutowicza Street, 90-136, Lodz, Poland
| | - Robert Zdanowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine National Research Institute, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
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Ma Q, Jiang L, You Y, Ni H, Ma L, Lin X, Wang Z, Yan W, Xiao X, Li X, Li J. Ketogenic diet ameliorates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mouse skeletal muscle by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 702:149559. [PMID: 38341923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ketogenic diets (KD) have been shown to alleviate insulin resistance (IR) by exerting anti-lipogenic and insulin sensitizing effects in the liver through a variety of pathways. The present study sought to investigate whether a ketogenic diet also improves insulin sensitization in skeletal muscle cells through alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress. METHODS High-fat diet-induced IR mice were allowed to a 2-week ketogenic diet. Insulin resistance and glucose tolerance were evaluated through GTT, ITT, and HOMA-IR. The C2C12 myoblasts exposed to palmitic acid were used to evaluate the insulin sensitization effects of β-hydroxybutyric acid (β-OHB). Molecular mechanisms concerning ER stress signaling activation and glucose uptake were assessed. RESULTS The AKT/GSK3β pathway was inhibited, ER stress signaling associated with IRE1, PERK, and BIP was activated, and the number of Glut4 proteins translocated to membrane decreased in the muscle of HFD mice. However, all these changes were reversed after 2 weeks of feeding on a ketogenic diet. Consistently in C2C12 myoblasts, the AKT/GSK3β pathway was inhibited by palmitic acid (PA) treatment. The endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins, IRE1, and BIP were increased, and the number of Glut4 proteins on the cell membrane decreased. However, β-OHB treatment alleviated ER stress and improved the glucose uptake of C2C12 cells. CONCLUSION Our data reveal that KD ameliorated HFD-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, which was partially mediated by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. The insulin sensitization effect of β-OHB is associated with up regulation of AKT/GSK3β pathway and the increase in the number of Glut4 proteins on the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lincheng Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuehua You
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongbing Ni
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Li Ma
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhuyun Wang
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weiyan Yan
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Xiao
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jibin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Liang Y, Zhang H, Li J, Wang X, Xie J, Li Y, Li J, Qian Y, Zhang H, Wang T, Tang H, Chen X. GLUT1 regulates the release of VEGF-A in the alveolar epithelium of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:510-520. [PMID: 38225684 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe disease with high mortality and poor prognosis, characterized by excessive and uncontrolled inflammatory response. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) contributes to the development and progression of ALI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in alveolar epithelial VEGF-A production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. An ALI mouse model was induced by LPS oropharyngeal instillation. Mice were challenged with LPS and then treated with WZB117, a specific antagonist of GLUT1. For the vitro experiments, cultured A549 cells (airway epithelial cell line) were exposed to LPS, with or without the GLUT1 inhibitors WZB117 or BAY876. LPS significantly upregulated of GLUT1 and VEGF-A both in the lung from ALI mice and in cultured A549. In vivo, treatment with WZB117 not only markedly decreased LPS-induced pulmonary edema, injury, neutrophilia, as well as levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), but also reduced VEGF-A production. Yet, the maximum tolerated concentration of WZB117 failed to suppress LPS-induced VEGF-A overexpression in vitro. While administration of BAY876 inhibited gene and protein expression as well as secretion of VEGF-A in response to LPS in A549. These results illustrated that GLUT1 upregulates VEGF-A production in alveolar epithelia from LPS-induced ALI, and inhibition of GLUT1 alleviates ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xilong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianpeng Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yijian Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiehong Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunyao Qian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haixiong Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Falsaperla R, Sortino V, Vitaliti G, Privitera GF, Ruggieri M, Fusto G, Pappalardo XG. GLUT-1DS resistant to ketogenic diet: from clinical feature to in silico analysis. An exemplificative case report with a literature review. Neurogenetics 2024; 25:69-78. [PMID: 38190079 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-023-00742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT-1DS) is characterized by alterations in glucose translocation through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) due to mutation involving the GLUT-1 transporter. The fundamental therapy is ketogenic diet (KD) that provide an alternative energetic substrate - ketone bodies that across the BBB via MCT-1 - for the brain. Symptoms are various and include intractable seizure, acquired microcephalia, abnormal ocular movement, movement disorder, and neurodevelopment delay secondary to an energetic crisis for persistent neuroglycopenia. KD is extremely effective in controlling epileptic seizures and has a positive impact on movement disorders and cognitive impairment. Cases of KD resistance are rare, and only a few of them are reported in the literature, all regarding seizure. Our study describes a peculiar case of GLUT-1DS due to a new deletion involving the first codon of SLC2A1 gene determining a loss of function with a resistance to KD admitted to hospital due to intractable episodes of dystonia. This patient presented a worsening of symptomatology at higher ketonemia values but without hyperketosis and showed a complete resolution of symptomatology while maintaining low ketonemia values. Our study proposes an in-silico genomic and proteomic analysis aimed at explaining the atypical response to KD exhibited by our patient. In this way, we propose a new clinical and research approach based on precision medicine and molecular modelling to be applied to patients with GLUT-1DS resistant to first-line treatment with ketogenic diet by in silico study of genetic and altered protein product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Falsaperla
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Accompaniment Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "Rodolico-San Marco," San Marco Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, "Rodolico-San Marco," San Marco Hospital, Catania, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Sortino
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, "Rodolico-San Marco," San Marco Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanna Vitaliti
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, "Rodolico-San Marco," San Marco Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Martino Ruggieri
- Unit of Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, AOU "Policlinico," PO "G. Rodolico", Via S. Sofia, 78, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Gaia Fusto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Xena Giada Pappalardo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- National Council of Research, Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), Unit of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Li Z, Yang B, Yang Z, Xie X, Guo Z, Zhao J, Wang R, Fu H, Zhao P, Zhao X, Chen G, Li G, Wei F, Bian L. Supramolecular Hydrogel with Ultra-Rapid Cell-Mediated Network Adaptation for Enhancing Cellular Metabolic Energetics and Tissue Regeneration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307176. [PMID: 38295393 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Cellular energetics plays an important role in tissue regeneration, and the enhanced metabolic activity of delivered stem cells can accelerate tissue repair and regeneration. However, conventional hydrogels with limited network cell adaptability restrict cell-cell interactions and cell metabolic activities. In this work, it is shown that a cell-adaptable hydrogel with high network dynamics enhances the glucose uptake and fatty acid β-oxidation of encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) compared with a hydrogel with low network dynamics. It is further shown that the hMSCs encapsulated in the high dynamic hydrogels exhibit increased tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biosynthesis via an E-cadherin- and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent mechanism. The in vivo evaluation further showed that the delivery of MSCs by the dynamic hydrogel enhanced in situ bone regeneration in an animal model. It is believed that the findings provide critical insights into the impact of stem cell-biomaterial interactions on cellular metabolic energetics and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Boguang Yang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhengmeng Yang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xian Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhengnan Guo
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China
| | - Jianyang Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China
| | - Ruinan Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China
| | - Hao Fu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China
| | - Pengchao Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Guosong Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Fuxin Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Bone Tissue Repair and Translational Research, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Liming Bian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China
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33
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Tu G, Fu T, Zheng G, Xu B, Gou R, Luo D, Wang P, Xue W. Computational Chemistry in Structure-Based Solute Carrier Transporter Drug Design: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:1433-1455. [PMID: 38294194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Solute carrier transporters (SLCs) are a class of important transmembrane proteins that are involved in the transportation of diverse solute ions and small molecules into cells. There are approximately 450 SLCs within the human body, and more than a quarter of them are emerging as attractive therapeutic targets for multiple complex diseases, e.g., depression, cancer, and diabetes. However, only 44 unique transporters (∼9.8% of the SLC superfamily) with 3D structures and specific binding sites have been reported. To design innovative and effective drugs targeting diverse SLCs, there are a number of obstacles that need to be overcome. However, computational chemistry, including physics-based molecular modeling and machine learning- and deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI), provides an alternative and complementary way to the classical drug discovery approach. Here, we present a comprehensive overview on recent advances and existing challenges of the computational techniques in structure-based drug design of SLCs from three main aspects: (i) characterizing multiple conformations of the proteins during the functional process of transportation, (ii) identifying druggability sites especially the cryptic allosteric ones on the transporters for substrates and drugs binding, and (iii) discovering diverse small molecules or synthetic protein binders targeting the binding sites. This work is expected to provide guidelines for a deep understanding of the structure and function of the SLC superfamily to facilitate rational design of novel modulators of the transporters with the aid of state-of-the-art computational chemistry technologies including artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Tu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Tingting Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Binbin Xu
- Chengdu Sintanovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Rongpei Gou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ding Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Weiwei Xue
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Liao M, Yao D, Wu L, Luo C, Wang Z, Zhang J, Liu B. Targeting the Warburg effect: A revisited perspective from molecular mechanisms to traditional and innovative therapeutic strategies in cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:953-1008. [PMID: 38487001 PMCID: PMC10935242 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer reprogramming is an important facilitator of cancer development and survival, with tumor cells exhibiting a preference for aerobic glycolysis beyond oxidative phosphorylation, even under sufficient oxygen supply condition. This metabolic alteration, known as the Warburg effect, serves as a significant indicator of malignant tumor transformation. The Warburg effect primarily impacts cancer occurrence by influencing the aerobic glycolysis pathway in cancer cells. Key enzymes involved in this process include glucose transporters (GLUTs), HKs, PFKs, LDHs, and PKM2. Moreover, the expression of transcriptional regulatory factors and proteins, such as FOXM1, p53, NF-κB, HIF1α, and c-Myc, can also influence cancer progression. Furthermore, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circular RNAs play a vital role in directly regulating the Warburg effect. Additionally, gene mutations, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and immune system interactions are closely associated with the Warburg effect. Notably, the development of drugs targeting the Warburg effect has exhibited promising potential in tumor treatment. This comprehensive review presents novel directions and approaches for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients by conducting in-depth research and summarizing the bright prospects of targeting the Warburg effect in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minru Liao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dahong Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Lifeng Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chaodan Luo
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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35
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Kim JH, Mailloux L, Bloor D, Tae H, Nguyen H, McDowell M, Padilla J, DeWaard A. Multiple roles for the cytoplasmic C-terminal domains of the yeast cell surface receptors Rgt2 and Snf3 in glucose sensing and signaling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4055. [PMID: 38374219 PMCID: PMC10876965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane proteins Rgt2 and Snf3 are glucose sensing receptors (GSRs) that generate an intracellular signal for the induction of gene expression in response to high and low extracellular glucose concentrations, respectively. The GSRs consist of a 12-transmembrane glucose recognition domain and a cytoplasmic C-terminal signaling tail. The GSR tails are dissimilar in length and sequence, but their distinct roles in glucose signal transduction are poorly understood. Here, we show that swapping the tails between Rgt2 and Snf3 does not alter the signaling activity of the GSRs, so long as their tails are phosphorylated in a Yck-dependent manner. Attachment of the GSR tails to Hxt1 converts the transporter into a glucose receptor; however, the tails attached to Hxt1 are not phosphorylated by the Ycks, resulting in only partial signaling. Moreover, in response to non-fermentable carbon substrates, Rgt2 and Hxt1-RT (RT, Rgt2-tail) are efficiently endocytosed, whereas Snf3 and Hxt1-ST (ST, Snf3-tail) are endocytosis-impaired. Thus, the tails are important regulatory domains required for the endocytosis of the Rgt2 and Snf3 glucose sensing receptors triggered by different cellular stimuli. Taken together, these results suggest multiple roles for the tail domains in GSR-mediated glucose sensing and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ho Kim
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd, Lynchburg, VA, 24502, USA.
| | - Levi Mailloux
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd, Lynchburg, VA, 24502, USA
| | - Daniel Bloor
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd, Lynchburg, VA, 24502, USA
| | - Haeun Tae
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd, Lynchburg, VA, 24502, USA
| | - Han Nguyen
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd, Lynchburg, VA, 24502, USA
| | - Morgan McDowell
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd, Lynchburg, VA, 24502, USA
| | - Jaqueline Padilla
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd, Lynchburg, VA, 24502, USA
| | - Anna DeWaard
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd, Lynchburg, VA, 24502, USA
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36
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Kim S, Ge J, Kim D, Lee JJ, Choi YJ, Chen W, Bowman JW, Foo SS, Chang LC, Liang Q, Hara D, Choi I, Kim MH, Eoh H, Jung JU. TXNIP-mediated crosstalk between oxidative stress and glucose metabolism. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292655. [PMID: 38329960 PMCID: PMC10852281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) has emerged as a key player in cancer and diabetes since it targets thioredoxin (TRX)-mediated redox regulation and glucose transporter (GLUT)-mediated metabolism. TXNIP consists of two arrestin (ARR, N-ARR and C-ARR) domains at its amino-terminus and two PPxY (PY) motifs and a di-leucine (LL) motif for endocytosis at its carboxyl-terminus. Here, we report that TXNIP shuffles between TRX and GLUTs to regulate homeostasis of intracellular oxidative stress and glucose metabolism. While TXNIP functions as a gatekeeper of TRX by default, it robustly interacted with class I GLUTs through its C-ARR domain upon increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species. This interaction prompted the surface expression downregulation and lysosomal degradation of GLUTs by its carboxyl-terminal LL endocytic signaling motif to attenuate glucose uptake. Consequently, TXNIP expression significantly limited glucose uptake, leading to the suppression of glycolysis, hexosamine biosynthesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Our findings establish a fundamental link between ROS and glucose metabolism through TXNIP and provide a promising target for the drug development against GLUT-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kim
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jianning Ge
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Dokyun Kim
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jae Jin Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Youn Jung Choi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - James W. Bowman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Suan-Sin Foo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lin-Chun Chang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Qiming Liang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Daiki Hara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Inpyo Choi
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- Infection and Immunity Research Laboratory, Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjin Eoh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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37
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Longden TA, Lederer WJ. Electro-metabolic signaling. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313451. [PMID: 38197953 PMCID: PMC10783436 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise matching of energy substrate delivery to local metabolic needs is essential for the health and function of all tissues. Here, we outline a mechanistic framework for understanding this critical process, which we refer to as electro-metabolic signaling (EMS). All tissues exhibit changes in metabolism over varying spatiotemporal scales and have widely varying energetic needs and reserves. We propose that across tissues, common signatures of elevated metabolism or increases in energy substrate usage that exceed key local thresholds rapidly engage mechanisms that generate hyperpolarizing electrical signals in capillaries that then relax contractile elements throughout the vasculature to quickly adjust blood flow to meet changing needs. The attendant increase in energy substrate delivery serves to meet local metabolic requirements and thus avoids a mismatch in supply and demand and prevents metabolic stress. We discuss in detail key examples of EMS that our laboratories have discovered in the brain and the heart, and we outline potential further EMS mechanisms operating in tissues such as skeletal muscle, pancreas, and kidney. We suggest that the energy imbalance evoked by EMS uncoupling may be central to cellular dysfunction from which the hallmarks of aging and metabolic diseases emerge and may lead to generalized organ failure states-such as diverse flavors of heart failure and dementia. Understanding and manipulating EMS may be key to preventing or reversing these dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Longden
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Interactions, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W. Jonathan Lederer
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Wu D, Chen Q, Yu Z, Huang B, Zhao J, Wang Y, Su J, Zhou F, Yan R, Li N, Zhao Y, Jiang D. Transport and inhibition mechanisms of human VMAT2. Nature 2024; 626:427-434. [PMID: 38081299 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) accumulates monoamines in presynaptic vesicles for storage and exocytotic release, and has a vital role in monoaminergic neurotransmission1-3. Dysfunction of monoaminergic systems causes many neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, hyperkinetic movement disorders and depression4-6. Suppressing VMAT2 with reserpine and tetrabenazine alleviates symptoms of hypertension and Huntington's disease7,8, respectively. Here we describe cryo-electron microscopy structures of human VMAT2 complexed with serotonin and three clinical drugs at 3.5-2.8 Å, demonstrating the structural basis for transport and inhibition. Reserpine and ketanserin occupy the substrate-binding pocket and lock VMAT2 in cytoplasm-facing and lumen-facing states, respectively, whereas tetrabenazine binds in a VMAT2-specific pocket and traps VMAT2 in an occluded state. The structures in three distinct states also reveal the structural basis of the VMAT2 transport cycle. Our study establishes a structural foundation for the mechanistic understanding of substrate recognition, transport, drug inhibition and pharmacology of VMAT2 while shedding light on the rational design of potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qihao Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoya Yu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Beijing StoneWise Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Su
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing StoneWise Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Daohua Jiang
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China.
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Sumikawa T, Nakakido M, Matsunaga R, Kuroda D, Nagatoishi S, Tsumoto K. Generation of antibodies to an extracellular region of the transporters Glut1/Glut4 by immunization with a designed antigen. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105640. [PMID: 38199569 PMCID: PMC10862009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are one of the fastest growing class of drugs. Nevertheless, relatively few biologics target multispanning membrane proteins because of technical challenges. To target relatively small extracellular regions of multiple membrane-spanning proteins, synthetic peptides, which are composed of amino acids corresponding to an extracellular region of a membrane protein, are often utilized in antibody discovery. However, antibodies to these peptides often do not recognize parental membrane proteins. In this study, we designed fusion proteins in which an extracellular helix of the membrane protein glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) was grafted onto the scaffold protein Adhiron. In the initial design, the grafted fragment did not form a helical conformation. Molecular dynamics simulations of full-length Glut1 suggested the importance of intramolecular interactions formed by surrounding residues in the formation of the helical conformation. A fusion protein designed to maintain such intramolecular interactions did form the desired helical conformation in the grafted region. We then immunized an alpaca with the designed fusion protein and obtained VHH (variable region of heavy-chain antibodies) using the phage display method. The binding of these VHH antibodies to the recombinant Glut1 protein was evaluated by surface plasmon resonance, and their binding to Glut1 on the cell membrane was further validated by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we also succeeded in the generation of a VHH against another integral membrane protein, glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) with the same strategy. These illustrates that our combined biochemical and computational approach can be applied to designing other novel fusion proteins for generating site-specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Sumikawa
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakakido
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryo Matsunaga
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuroda
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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40
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Drew D, Boudker O. Ion and lipid orchestration of secondary active transport. Nature 2024; 626:963-974. [PMID: 38418916 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Transporting small molecules across cell membranes is an essential process in cell physiology. Many structurally diverse, secondary active transporters harness transmembrane electrochemical gradients of ions to power the uptake or efflux of nutrients, signalling molecules, drugs and other ions across cell membranes. Transporters reside in lipid bilayers on the interface between two aqueous compartments, where they are energized and regulated by symported, antiported and allosteric ions on both sides of the membrane and the membrane bilayer itself. Here we outline the mechanisms by which transporters couple ion and solute fluxes and discuss how structural and mechanistic variations enable them to meet specific physiological needs and adapt to environmental conditions. We then consider how general bilayer properties and specific lipid binding modulate transporter activity. Together, ion gradients and lipid properties ensure the effective transport, regulation and distribution of small molecules across cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Drew
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Olga Boudker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Zhang K, Xie N, Ye H, Miao J, Xia B, Yang Y, Peng H, Xu S, Wu T, Tao C, Ruan J, Wang Y, Yang S. Glucose restriction enhances oxidative fiber formation: A multi-omic signal network involving AMPK and CaMK2. iScience 2024; 27:108590. [PMID: 38161415 PMCID: PMC10755363 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic organ that adapts to different metabolic states or functional demands. This study explored the impact of permanent glucose restriction (GR) on skeletal muscle composition and metabolism. Using Glut4m mice with defective glucose transporter 4, we conducted multi-omics analyses at different ages and after low-intensity treadmill training. The oxidative fibers were significantly increased in Glut4m muscles. Mechanistically, GR activated AMPK pathway, promoting mitochondrial function and beneficial myokine expression, and facilitated slow fiber formation via CaMK2 pathway. Phosphorylation-activated Perm1 may synergize AMPK and CaMK2 signaling. Besides, MAPK and CDK kinases were also implicated in skeletal muscle protein phosphorylation during GR response. This study provides a comprehensive signaling network demonstrating how GR influences muscle fiber types and metabolic patterns. These insights offer valuable data for understanding oxidative fiber formation mechanisms and identifying clinical targets for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Liège University, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Ning Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huaqiong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiakun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Boce Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huanqi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinxue Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
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Albaik M, Sheikh Saleh D, Kauther D, Mohammed H, Alfarra S, Alghamdi A, Ghaboura N, Sindi IA. Bridging the gap: glucose transporters, Alzheimer's, and future therapeutic prospects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1344039. [PMID: 38298219 PMCID: PMC10824951 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1344039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose is the major source of chemical energy for cell functions in living organisms. The aim of this mini-review is to provide a clearer and simpler picture of the fundamentals of glucose transporters as well as the relationship of these transporters to Alzheimer's disease. This study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Electronic databases (PubMed and ScienceDirect) were used to search for relevant studies mainly published during the period 2018-2023. This mini-review covers the two main types of glucose transporters, facilitated glucose transporters (GLUTs) and sodium-glucose linked transporters (SGLTs). The main difference between these two types is that the first type works through passive transport across the glucose concentration gradient. The second type works through active co-transportation to transport glucose against its chemical gradient. Fluctuation in glucose transporters translates into a disturbance of normal functioning, such as Alzheimer's disease, which may be caused by a significant downregulation of GLUTs most closely associated with insulin resistance in the brain. The first sign of Alzheimer's is a lack of GLUT4 translocation. The second sign is tau hyperphosphorylation, which is caused by GLUT1 and 3 being strongly upregulated. The current study focuses on the use of glucose transporters in treating diseases because of their proven therapeutic potential. Despite this, studies remain insufficient and inconclusive due to the complex and intertwined nature of glucose transport processes. This study recommends further understanding of the mechanisms related to these vectors for promising future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Albaik
- Department of Chemistry Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Dana Kauther
- Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajira Mohammed
- Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shurouq Alfarra
- Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Alghamdi
- Department of Biology Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehmat Ghaboura
- Department of Pharmacy Practice Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikhlas A. Sindi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Duan Q, Liu R, Luo JQ, Zhang JY, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Du JZ. Virus-Inspired Glucose and Polydopamine (GPDA)-Coating as an Effective Strategy for the Construction of Brain Delivery Platforms. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:402-410. [PMID: 38153842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The ability of drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is crucial for treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Inspired by natural viruses, here we report a glucose and polydopamine (GPDA) coating method for the construction of delivery platforms for efficient BBB crossing. Such platforms are composed of nanoparticles (NPs) as the inner core and surface functionalized with glucose-poly(ethylene glycol) (Glu-PEG) and polydopamine (PDA) coating. Glu-PEG provides selective targeting of the NPs to brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs), while PDA enhances the transcytosis of the NPs. This strategy is applicable to gold NPs (AuNPs), silica, and polymeric NPs, which achieves as high as 1.87% of the injected dose/g of brain in healthy brain tissues. In addition, the GPDA coating manages to deliver NPs into the tumor tissue in the orthotopic glioblastoma model. Our study may provide a universal strategy for the construction of delivery platforms for efficient BBB crossing and brain drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijia Duan
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rong Liu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia-Qi Luo
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing-Yang Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Du
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Alshamsi MAH, Mosa KA, Khan AA, Mousa M, Ali MA, Soliman SSM, Semreen MH. Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Cyperus conglomeratus Root Extract Inhibit Osteogenic Differentiation of Immortalized Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1333-1347. [PMID: 37612859 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230823094412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a focus of huge interest in biological research, including stem cell research. AgNPs synthesized using Cyperus conglomeratus root extract have been previously reported but their effects on mesenchymal stromal cells have yet to be investigated. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of C. conglomeratus-derived AgNPs on adipogenesis and osteogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells. METHODS AgNPs were synthesized using C. conglomeratus root extract, and the phytochemicals involved in AgNPs synthesis were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). The cytotoxicity of the AgNPs was tested on telomerase-transformed immortalized human bone marrow-derived MSCs-hTERT (iMSC3) and human osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63) using MTT and apoptosis assays. The uptake of AgNPs by both cells was confirmed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Furthermore, the effect of AgNPs on iMSC3 adipogenesis and osteogenesis was analyzed using stain quantification and reverse transcription- quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS The phytochemicals predominately identified in both the AgNPs and C. conglomeratus root extract were carbohydrates. The AgNP concentrations tested using MTT and apoptosis assays (0.5-64 µg/ml and 1,4 and 32 µg/ml, respectively) showed no significant cytotoxicity on iMSC3 and MG-63. The AgNPs were internalized in a concentration-dependent manner in both cell types. Additionally, the AgNPs exhibited a significant negative effect on osteogenesis but not on adipogenesis. CONCLUSION C. conglomeratus-derived AgNPs had an impact on the differentiation capacity of iMSC3. Our results indicated that C. conglomeratus AgNPs and the associated phytochemicals could exhibit potential medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A H Alshamsi
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kareem A Mosa
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amir Ali Khan
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muath Mousa
- Research Institute of Science and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muna A Ali
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H Semreen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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45
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Jormakka M. Structural insights into ferroportin mediated iron transport. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:BST20230594. [PMID: 38115725 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Iron is a vital trace element for almost all organisms, and maintaining iron homeostasis is critical for human health. In mammals, the only known gatekeeper between intestinally absorbed iron and circulatory blood plasma is the membrane transporter ferroportin (Fpn). As such, dysfunction of Fpn or its regulation is a key driver of iron-related pathophysiology. This review focuses on discussing recent insights from high-resolution structural studies of the Fpn protein family. While these studies have unveiled crucial details of Fpn regulation and structural architecture, the associated functional studies have also at times provided conflicting data provoking more questions than answers. Here, we summarize key findings and illuminate important remaining questions and contradictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Jormakka
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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46
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Zheng L, Zhou W, Wu Y, Xu W, Hu S, Zhang Y, Xu H, Deng H, Chen Y, Wu L, Wei J, Feng D, Wang M, Zhou H, Li Q, Zhu L, Yang H, Lv X. Melatonin Alleviates Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Inhibiting Alveolar Macrophage NLRP3 Inflammasomes Through the ROS/HIF-1α/GLUT1 Pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100266. [PMID: 37871834 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating clinically severe respiratory disorder, and no effective therapy is available. Melatonin (MEL), an endogenous neurohormone, has shown great promise in alleviating sepsis-induced ARDS, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse alveolar macrophage cell line (MH-S) model, we found that MEL significantly inhibited NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in LPS-treated macrophages, whereas this inhibitory effect of MEL was weakened in MH-S cells transfected with glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) overexpressing lentivirus. Further experiments showed that MEL downregulated GLUT1 via inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α). Notably, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a donor of reactive oxygen species (ROS), significantly increased the level of intracellular ROS and inhibited the regulatory effect of MEL on the HIF-1α/GLUT1 pathway. Interestingly, the protective effect of MEL was attenuated after the knockdown of melatonin receptor 1A (MT1) in MH-S cells. We also confirmed in vivo that MEL effectively downregulated the HIF-1α/GLUT1/NLRP3 pathway in the lung tissue of LPS-treated mice, as well as significantly ameliorated LPS-induced lung injury and improved survival in mice. Collectively, these findings revealed that MEL regulates the activation of the ROS/HIF-1α/GLUT1/NLRP3 pathway in alveolar macrophages via the MT1 receptor, further alleviating sepsis-induced ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiguo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingmin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mansi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanping Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanfu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Gou R, Zhang X. Glycolysis: A fork in the path of normal and pathological pregnancy. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23263. [PMID: 37889786 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301230r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is vital to the survival of living organisms. Since the discovery of the Warburg effect in the 1920s, glycolysis has become a major research area in the field of metabolism. Glycolysis has been extensively studied in the field of cancer and is considered as a promising therapeutic target. However, research on the role of glycolysis in pregnancy is limited. Recent evidence suggests that blastocysts, trophoblasts, decidua, and tumors all acquire metabolic energy at specific stages in a highly similar manner. Glycolysis, carefully controlled throughout pregnancy, maintains a dynamic and coordinated state, so as to maintain the homeostasis of the maternal-fetal interface and ensure normal gestation. In the present review, we investigate metabolic remodeling and the selective propensity of the embryo and placenta for glycolysis. We then address dysregulated glycolysis that occurs in the cellular interactive network at the maternal-fetal interface in miscarriage, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and gestational diabetes mellitus. We provide new insights into the field of maternal-fetal medicine from a metabolic perspective, thus revealing the mystery of human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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Kim JH, Mailloux L, Bloor D, Maddox B, Humble J. The role of salt bridge networks in the stability of the yeast hexose transporter 1. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130490. [PMID: 37844739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The yeast S. cerevisiae preferably metabolizes glucose through aerobic glycolysis. Glucose transport is facilitated by multiple hexose transporters (Hxts), and their expression and activity are tightly regulated by multiple mechanisms. However, detailed structural and functional analyses of Hxts remain limited, largely due to the lack of crystal structure. METHODS Homology modeling was used to build a 3D structural model for the yeast glucose transporter Hxt1 and investigate the effects of site directed mutations on Hxt1 stability and glucose transport activity. RESULTS The conserved salt bridge-forming residues observed in the human Glut4 and the yeast glucose receptor Rgt2 were identified within and between the two 6-transmembrane spanning segments of Hxt1. Most of the RGT2 mutations that disrupt the salt bridge networks were known to cause constitutive signal generation, whereas the corresponding substitutions in HXT1 were shown to decrease Hxt1 stability. While substitutions of the two residues in the salt bridge 2 in Glut4-E329Q and E393D-were reported to abolish glucose transport, the equivalent substitutions in Hxt1 (D382Q and E454D) did not affect Hxt1 glucose transport activity. CONCLUSIONS Substitutions of equivalent salt bridge-forming residues in Hxt1, Rgt2, and Glut4 are predicted to lock them in an inward-facing conformation but lead to different functional consequences. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The salt bridge networks in yeast and human glucose transporters and yeast glucose receptors may play different roles in maintaining their structural and functional integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ho Kim
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd, Lynchburg, VA 24502, USA.
| | - Levi Mailloux
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd, Lynchburg, VA 24502, USA
| | - Daniel Bloor
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd, Lynchburg, VA 24502, USA
| | - Bradley Maddox
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd, Lynchburg, VA 24502, USA
| | - Julia Humble
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd, Lynchburg, VA 24502, USA
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Oska N, Eltanani S, Shawky M, Naghdi A, Gregory A, Yumnamcha T, Ibrahim AS. Upper glycolytic components contribute differently in controlling retinal vascular endothelial cellular behavior: Implications for endothelial-related retinal diseases. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294909. [PMID: 38033124 PMCID: PMC10688887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal degenerative diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema are characterized by impaired retinal endothelial cells (RECs) functionality. While the role of glycolysis in glucose homeostasis is well-established, its contributions to REC barrier assembly and cell spreading remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the importance of upper glycolytic components in regulating the behavior of human RECs (HRECs). METHODS Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) technology was employed to analyze the real-time impact of various upper glycolytic components on maintaining barrier functionality and cell spreading of HRECs by measuring cell resistance and capacitance, respectively. Specific inhibitors were used: WZB117 to inhibit Glut1/3, lonidamine to inhibit hexokinases, PFK158 to inhibit the PFKFB3-PFK axis, and TDZD-8 to inhibit aldolases. Additionally, the viability of HRECs was evaluated using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS The most significant reduction in electrical resistance and increase in capacitance of HRECs resulted from the dose-dependent inhibition of PFKFB3/PFK using PFK158, followed by aldolase inhibition using TDZD-8. LDH level analysis at 24- and 48-hours post-treatment with PFK158 (1 μM) or TDZD-8 (1 and 10 μM) showed no significant difference compared to the control, indicating that the disruption of HRECs functionality was not attributed to cell death. Conversely, inhibiting Glut1/3 with WZB117 had minimal impact on HREC behavior, except at higher concentrations (10 μM) and prolonged exposure. Lastly, inhibiting hexokinase with lonidamine did not noticeably alter HREC cell behavior. CONCLUSION This study illustrates the unique impacts of components within upper glycolysis on HREC functionality, emphasizing the crucial role of the PFKFB3/PFK axis in regulating HREC behavior. Understanding the specific contributions of each glycolytic component in preserving normal REC functionality will facilitate the development of targeted interventions for treating endothelial cell dysfunction in retinal disorders while minimizing effects on healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Oska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Shaimaa Eltanani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Shawky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Armaan Naghdi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Thangal Yumnamcha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Ahmed S. Ibrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
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Shi Y, Katdare KA, Kim H, Rosch JC, Neal EH, Vafaie-Partin S, Bauer JA, Lippmann ES. An arrayed CRISPR knockout screen identifies genetic regulators of GLUT1 expression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21038. [PMID: 38030680 PMCID: PMC10687026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose, a primary fuel source under homeostatic conditions, is transported into cells by membrane transporters such as glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Due to its essential role in maintaining energy homeostasis, dysregulation of GLUT1 expression and function can adversely affect many physiological processes in the body. This has implications in a wide range of disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and several types of cancers. However, the regulatory pathways that govern GLUT1 expression, which may be altered in these diseases, are poorly characterized. To gain insight into GLUT1 regulation, we performed an arrayed CRISPR knockout screen using Caco-2 cells as a model cell line. Using an automated high content immunostaining approach to quantify GLUT1 expression, we identified more than 300 genes whose removal led to GLUT1 downregulation. Many of these genes were enriched along signaling pathways associated with G-protein coupled receptors, particularly the rhodopsin-like family. Secondary hit validation confirmed that removal of select genes, or modulation of the activity of a corresponding protein, yielded changes in GLUT1 expression. Overall, this work provides a resource and framework for understanding GLUT1 regulation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ketaki A Katdare
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hyosung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonah C Rosch
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emma H Neal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sidney Vafaie-Partin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua A Bauer
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ethan S Lippmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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