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Stieger JR, Pinheiro-Chagas P, Fang Y, Li J, Lusk Z, Perry CM, Girn M, Contreras D, Chen Q, Huguenard JR, Spreng RN, Edlow BL, Wagner AD, Buch V, Parvizi J. Cross-regional coordination of activity in the human brain during autobiographical self-referential processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316021121. [PMID: 39078679 PMCID: PMC11317603 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316021121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
For the human brain to operate, populations of neurons across anatomical structures must coordinate their activity within milliseconds. To date, our understanding of such interactions has remained limited. We recorded directly from the hippocampus (HPC), posteromedial cortex (PMC), ventromedial/orbital prefrontal cortex (OFC), and the anterior nuclei of the thalamus (ANT) during two experiments of autobiographical memory processing that are known from decades of neuroimaging work to coactivate these regions. In 31 patients implanted with intracranial electrodes, we found that the presentation of memory retrieval cues elicited a significant increase of low frequency (LF < 6 Hz) activity followed by cross-regional phase coherence of this LF activity before select populations of neurons within each of the four regions increased high-frequency (HF > 70 Hz) activity. The power of HF activity was modulated by memory content, and its onset followed a specific temporal order of ANT→HPC/PMC→OFC. Further, we probed cross-regional causal effective interactions with repeated electrical pulses and found that HPC stimulations cause the greatest increase in LF-phase coherence across all regions, whereas the stimulation of any region caused the greatest LF-phase coherence between that particular region and ANT. These observations support the role of the ANT in gating, and the HPC in synchronizing, the activity of cortical midline structures when humans retrieve self-relevant memories of their past. Our findings offer a fresh perspective, with high temporal fidelity, about the dynamic signaling and underlying causal connections among distant regions when the brain is actively involved in retrieving self-referential memories from the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Stieger
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, Human Intracranial Cognitive Electrophysiology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Pedro Pinheiro-Chagas
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, Human Intracranial Cognitive Electrophysiology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Ying Fang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510631, China
| | - Jian Li
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA02129
| | - Zoe Lusk
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, Human Intracranial Cognitive Electrophysiology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Claire M. Perry
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, Human Intracranial Cognitive Electrophysiology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Manesh Girn
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Diego Contreras
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510631, China
| | - John R. Huguenard
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford, CA94305
| | - R. Nathan Spreng
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Brian L. Edlow
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA02129
| | - Anthony D. Wagner
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Vivek Buch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Josef Parvizi
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, Human Intracranial Cognitive Electrophysiology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
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Guerreiro IC, Clopath C. Memory's gatekeeper: The role of PFC in the encoding of congruent events. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2403648121. [PMID: 39018188 PMCID: PMC11287283 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2403648121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Theoretical models conventionally portray the consolidation of memories as a slow process that unfolds during sleep. According to the classical Complementary Learning Systems theory, the hippocampus (HPC) rapidly changes its connectivity during wakefulness to encode ongoing events and create memory ensembles that are later transferred to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during sleep. However, recent experimental studies challenge this notion by showing that new information consistent with prior knowledge can be rapidly consolidated in PFC during wakefulness and that PFC lesions disrupt the encoding of congruent events in the HPC. The contributions of the PFC to memory encoding have therefore largely been overlooked. Moreover, most theoretical frameworks assume random and uncorrelated patterns representing memories, disregarding the correlations between our experiences. To address these shortcomings, we developed a HPC-PFC network model that simulates interactions between the HPC and PFC during the encoding of a memory (awake stage), and subsequent consolidation (sleeping stage) to examine the contributions of each region to the consolidation of novel and congruent memories. Our results show that the PFC network uses stored memory "schemas" consolidated during previous experiences to identify inputs that evoke congruent patterns of activity, quickly integrate it into its network, and gate which components are encoded in the HPC. More specifically, the PFC uses GABAergic long-range projections to inhibit HPC neurons representing input components correlated with a previously stored memory "schema," eliciting sparse hippocampal activity during exposure to congruent events, as it has been experimentally observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês C. Guerreiro
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Clopath
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Regalado JM, Corredera Asensio A, Haunold T, Toader AC, Li YR, Neal LA, Rajasethupathy P. Neural activity ramps in frontal cortex signal extended motivation during learning. eLife 2024; 13:RP93983. [PMID: 39037775 PMCID: PMC11262795 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Learning requires the ability to link actions to outcomes. How motivation facilitates learning is not well understood. We designed a behavioral task in which mice self-initiate trials to learn cue-reward contingencies and found that the anterior cingulate region of the prefrontal cortex (ACC) contains motivation-related signals to maximize rewards. In particular, we found that ACC neural activity was consistently tied to trial initiations where mice seek to leave unrewarded cues to reach reward-associated cues. Notably, this neural signal persisted over consecutive unrewarded cues until reward-associated cues were reached, and was required for learning. To determine how ACC inherits this motivational signal we performed projection-specific photometry recordings from several inputs to ACC during learning. In doing so, we identified a ramp in bulk neural activity in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)-to-ACC projections as mice received unrewarded cues, which continued ramping across consecutive unrewarded cues, and finally peaked upon reaching a reward-associated cue, thus maintaining an extended motivational state. Cellular resolution imaging of OFC confirmed these neural correlates of motivation, and further delineated separate ensembles of neurons that sequentially tiled the ramp. Together, these results identify a mechanism by which OFC maps out task structure to convey an extended motivational state to ACC to facilitate goal-directed learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue M Regalado
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Theresa Haunold
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Andrew C Toader
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yan Ran Li
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lauren A Neal
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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Han X, Cramer SR, Chan DCY, Zhang N. Exploring memory-related network via dorsal hippocampus suppression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.03.597201. [PMID: 38895299 PMCID: PMC11185736 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.03.597201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Memory is a complex brain process that requires coordinated activities in a large-scale brain network. However, the relationship between coordinated brain network activities and memory-related behavior is not well understood. In this study, we investigated this issue by suppressing the activity in the dorsal hippocampus (dHP) using chemogenetics and measuring the corresponding changes in brain-wide resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and memory behavior in awake rats. We identified an extended brain network contributing to the performance in a spatial-memory related task. Our results were cross-validated using two different chemogenetic actuators, clozapine (CLZ) and clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). This study provides a brain network interpretation of memory performance, indicating that memory is associated with coordinated brain-wide neural activities. Significance Statement Successful memory processes require coordinated activity in a large-scale brain network, extending beyond a few key, well-known brain regions like the hippocampus. However, the specific brain regions involved and how they orchestrate their activity that is pertinent to memory processing remain unclear. Our study, using a chemogenetics-rsfMRI- behavior approach in awake rats, elucidates a comprehensive framework of the extended memory-associated network. This knowledge offers a broader interpretation of memory processes, enhancing our understanding of the neural mechanisms behind memory function, particularly from a network perspective.
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Mohan UR, Zhang H, Ermentrout B, Jacobs J. The direction of theta and alpha travelling waves modulates human memory processing. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:1124-1135. [PMID: 38459263 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
To support a range of behaviours, the brain must flexibly coordinate neural activity across widespread brain regions. One potential mechanism for this coordination is a travelling wave, in which a neural oscillation propagates across the brain while organizing the order and timing of activity across regions. Although travelling waves are present across the brain in various species, their potential functional relevance has remained unknown. Here, using rare direct human brain recordings, we demonstrate a distinct functional role for travelling waves of theta- and alpha-band (2-13 Hz) oscillations in the cortex. Travelling waves propagate in different directions during separate cognitive processes. In episodic memory, travelling waves tended to propagate in a posterior-to-anterior direction during successful memory encoding and in an anterior-to-posterior direction during recall. Because travelling waves of oscillations correspond to local neuronal spiking, these patterns indicate that rhythmic pulses of activity move across the brain in different directions for separate behaviours. More broadly, our results suggest a fundamental role for travelling waves and oscillations in dynamically coordinating neural connectivity, by flexibly organizing the timing and directionality of network interactions across the cortex to support cognition and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma R Mohan
- Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Bard Ermentrout
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA.
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Bhandari K, Kanodia H, Donato F, Caroni P. Selective vulnerability of the ventral hippocampus-prelimbic cortex axis parvalbumin interneuron network underlies learning deficits of fragile X mice. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114124. [PMID: 38630591 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
High-penetrance mutations affecting mental health can involve genes ubiquitously expressed in the brain. Whether the specific patterns of dysfunctions result from ubiquitous circuit deficits or might reflect selective vulnerabilities of targetable subnetworks has remained unclear. Here, we determine how loss of ubiquitously expressed fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), the cause of fragile X syndrome, affects brain networks in Fmr1y/- mice. We find that in wild-type mice, area-specific knockout of FMRP in the adult mimics behavioral consequences of area-specific silencing. By contrast, the functional axis linking the ventral hippocampus (vH) to the prelimbic cortex (PreL) is selectively affected in constitutive Fmr1y/- mice. A chronic alteration in late-born parvalbumin interneuron networks across the vH-PreL axis rescued by VIP signaling specifically accounts for deficits in vH-PreL theta-band network coherence, ensemble assembly, and learning functions of Fmr1y/- mice. Therefore, vH-PreL axis function exhibits a selective vulnerability to loss of FMRP in the vH or PreL, leading to learning and memory dysfunctions in fragile X mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Bhandari
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Harsh Kanodia
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Flavio Donato
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pico Caroni
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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7
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Regalado JM, Asensio AC, Haunold T, Toader AC, Li YR, Neal LA, Rajasethupathy P. Neural activity ramps in frontal cortex signal extended motivation during learning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.15.562395. [PMID: 37905153 PMCID: PMC10614791 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.15.562395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Learning requires the ability to link actions to outcomes. How motivation facilitates learning is not well understood. We designed a behavioral task in which mice self-initiate trials to learn cue-reward contingencies and found that the anterior cingulate region of the prefrontal cortex (ACC) contains motivation-related signals to maximize rewards. In particular, we found that ACC neural activity was consistently tied to trial initiations where mice seek to leave unrewarded cues to reach reward-associated cues. Notably, this neural signal persisted over consecutive unrewarded cues until reward associated cues were reached, and was required for learning. To determine how ACC inherits this motivational signal we performed projection specific photometry recordings from several inputs to ACC during learning. In doing so, we identified a ramp in bulk neural activity in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)-to-ACC projections as mice received unrewarded cues, which continued ramping across consecutive unrewarded cues, and finally peaked upon reaching a reward associated cue, thus maintaining an extended motivational state. Cellular resolution imaging of OFC confirmed these neural correlates of motivation, and further delineated separate ensembles of neurons that sequentially tiled the ramp. Together, these results identify a mechanism by which OFC maps out task structure to convey an extended motivational state to ACC to facilitate goal-directed learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue M. Regalado
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | | | - Theresa Haunold
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Andrew C. Toader
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Yan Ran Li
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Lauren A. Neal
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Priya Rajasethupathy
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
- Lead contact
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Yadav N, Toader A, Rajasethupathy P. Beyond hippocampus: Thalamic and prefrontal contributions to an evolving memory. Neuron 2024; 112:1045-1059. [PMID: 38272026 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus has long been at the center of memory research, and rightfully so. However, with emerging technological capabilities, we can increasingly appreciate memory as a more dynamic and brain-wide process. In this perspective, our goal is to begin developing models to understand the gradual evolution, reorganization, and stabilization of memories across the brain after their initial formation in the hippocampus. By synthesizing studies across the rodent and human literature, we suggest that as memory representations initially form in hippocampus, parallel traces emerge in frontal cortex that cue memory recall, and as they mature, with sustained support initially from limbic then diencephalic then cortical circuits, they become progressively independent of hippocampus and dependent on a mature cortical representation. A key feature of this model is that, as time progresses, memory representations are passed on to distinct circuits with progressively longer time constants, providing the opportunity to filter, forget, update, or reorganize memories in the process of committing to long-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul Yadav
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Toader
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Priya Rajasethupathy
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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Mou X, Ji D. Observational activation of anterior cingulate cortical neurons coordinates hippocampal replay in social learning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.31.587484. [PMID: 38617364 PMCID: PMC11014478 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.31.587484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Social learning enables a subject to make decisions by observing the actions of another. How neural circuits acquire relevant information during observation to guide subsequent behavior is unknown. Utilizing an observational spatial working memory task, we show that neurons in the rat anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) associated with spatial trajectories during self-running in a maze are activated when observing another rat running the same maze. The observation-induced ACC activities are reduced in error trials and are correlated with activities of hippocampal place cells representing the same trajectories. The ACC activities during observation also predict subsequent hippocampal place cell activities during sharp-wave ripples and spatial contents of hippocampal replay prior to self-running. The results support that ACC neurons involved in decisions during self-running are reactivated during observation and coordinate hippocampal replay to guide subsequent spatial navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Mou
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine; One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daoyun Ji
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine; One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine; One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Lead Contact
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Tang J, Li R, Jia Y, Yang H, Wei H. Impaired neural circuitry of hippocampus in Pax2 nervous system-specific knockout mice leads to restricted repetitive behaviors. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14482. [PMID: 37786962 PMCID: PMC11017408 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Restricted repetitive behaviors (RRBs), which are associated with many different neurological and mental disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism, are patterns of behavior with little variation and little obvious function. Paired Box 2 (Pax2) is a transcription factor that is expressed in many systems, including the kidney and the central nervous system. The protein that is encoded by Pax2 has been implicated in the development of the nervous system and neurodevelopmental disorders. In our previous study, Pax2 heterozygous gene knockout mice (Pax2+/- mice) showed abnormally increased self-grooming and impaired learning and memory abilities. However, it remains unclear which cell type is involved in this process. In this study, we deleted Pax2 only in the nervous system to determine the regulatory mechanism of Pax2 in RRBs. METHODS In this study, Pax2 nervous system-specific knockout mice (Nestin-Pax2 mice) aged 6-8 weeks and Pax2 flox mice of the same age were recruited as the experimental group. Tamoxifen and vehicle were administered via intraperitoneal injection to induce Pax2 knockout after gene identification. Western blotting was used to detect Pax2 expression. After that, we assessed the general health of these two groups of mice. The self-grooming test, marble burying test and T-maze acquisition and reversal learning test were used to observe the lower-order and higher-order RRBs. The three-chamber test, Y-maze, and elevated plus-maze were used to assess social ability, spatial memory ability, and anxiety. Neural circuitry tracing and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) were used to observe the abnormal neural circuitry, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling pathways affected by Pax2 gene knockout in the nervous system and the putative molecular mechanism. RESULTS (1) The Nestin-Pax2 mouse model was successfully constructed, and the Nestin-Pax2 mice showed decreased expression of Pax2. (2) Nestin-Pax2 mice showed increased self-grooming behavior and impaired T-maze reversal behavior compared with Pax2 flox mice. (3) An increased number of projection fibers can be found in the mPFC projecting to the CA1 and BLA, and a reduction in IGFBP2 can be found in the hippocampus of Nestin-Pax2 mice. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that loss of Pax2 in the nervous system leads to restricted repetitive behaviors. The mechanism may be associated with impaired neural circuitry and a reduction in IGFBP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's HospitalThe Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's HospitalThe Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disease ControlShanxi Provincial People's HospitalTaiyuanChina
| | - Jiaming Tang
- School of the Third ClinicShanxi University of Chinese MedicineTaiyuanChina
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's HospitalThe Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Yanan Jia
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's HospitalThe Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's HospitalThe Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disease ControlShanxi Provincial People's HospitalTaiyuanChina
| | - Hongen Wei
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's HospitalThe Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disease ControlShanxi Provincial People's HospitalTaiyuanChina
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Ma X, Le Y, Hu L, Ouyang W, Li C, Ma D, Tong J. Astrocytic phagocytosis in the medial prefrontal cortex jeopardises postoperative memory consolidation in mice. Brain Pathol 2024:e13253. [PMID: 38454310 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory impairment is one of the main characteristics of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. It remains elusive how postoperative pathological changes of the brain link to the memory impairment. The clinical setting of perioperation was mimicked via partial hepatectomy under sevoflurane anaesthesia together with preoperative restraint stress (Hep-Sev-stress) in mice. Memory changes were assessed with fear conditioning. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)-dorsal hippocampus connectivity was evaluated with injecting neurotracer 28 days before surgery. Astrocytic activation was limited via injecting AAV-GFAP-hM4Di-eGFP into the mPFC. Astrocytic and microglial phagocytosis of synapses were visualised with co-labelling hippocampal neuronal axon terminals with PSD-95 and S100β or Iba1. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress status were also detected. Hep-Sev-stress impaired the memory consolidation (mean [standard error], 49.91 [2.55]% vs. 35.40 [3.97]% in the contextual memory, p = 0.007; 40.72 [2.78]% vs. 27.77 [2.22]% in cued memory, p = 0.002) and the cued memory retrieval (39.00 [3.08]% vs. 24.11 [2.06]%, p = 0.001) in mice when compared with these in the naïve controls. Hep-Sev-stress damaged the connectivity from the dorsal hippocampus to mPFC but not from the mPFC to the dorsal hippocampus and increased the astrocytic but not microglial phagocytosis of hippocampal neuronal axon terminals in the mPFC. The intervention also induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the dorsal hippocampus and the mPFC in a regional-dependent manner. Limiting astrocyte activation in the mPFC alleviated memory consolidation impairment induced by Hep-Sev-stress. Postoperative memory consolidation was impaired due to astrocytic phagocytosis-induced connectivity injury from the dorsal hippocampus to the medial prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Brain Homeostasis, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Brain Homeostasis, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Lin Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Brain Homeostasis, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Brain Homeostasis, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Daqing Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jianbin Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Brain Homeostasis, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
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12
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Naffaa MM. Significance of the anterior cingulate cortex in neurogenesis plasticity: Connections, functions, and disorders across postnatal and adult stages. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300160. [PMID: 38135889 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a complex and continually evolving brain region that remains a primary focus of research due to its multifaceted functions. Various studies and analyses have significantly advanced our understanding of how the ACC participates in a wide spectrum of memory and cognitive processes. However, despite its strong connections to brain areas associated with hippocampal and olfactory neurogenesis, the functions of the ACC in regulating postnatal and adult neurogenesis in these regions are still insufficiently explored. Investigating the intricate involvement of the ACC in neurogenesis could enhance our comprehension of essential aspects of brain plasticity. This involvement stems from its complex circuitry with other relevant brain regions, thereby exerting both direct and indirect impacts on the neurogenesis process. This review sheds light on the promising significance of the ACC in orchestrating postnatal and adult neurogenesis in conditions related to memory, cognitive behavior, and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moawiah M Naffaa
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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13
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Chen L, Tang C, Wang Z, Zhang L, Gu B, Liu X, Ming D. Enhancing Motor Sequence Learning via Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS): An EEG Study. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2024; 28:1285-1296. [PMID: 38109248 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2023.3344176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Motor learning plays a crucial role in human life, and various neuromodulation methods have been utilized to strengthen or improve it. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has gained increasing attention due to its non-invasive nature, affordability and ease of implementation. Although the potential of taVNS on regulating motor learning has been suggested, its actual regulatory effect has yet been fully explored. Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis provides an in-depth understanding of cognitive processes involved in motor learning so as to offer methodological support for regulation of motor learning. To investigate the effect of taVNS on motor learning, this study recruited 22 healthy subjects to participate a single-blind, sham-controlled, and within-subject serial reaction time task (SRTT) experiment. Every subject involved in two sessions at least one week apart and received a 20-minute active/sham taVNS in each session. Behavioral indicators as well as EEG characteristics during the task state, were extracted and analyzed. The results revealed that compared to the sham group, the active group showed higher learning performance. Additionally, the EEG results indicated that after taVNS, the motor-related cortical potential amplitudes and alpha-gamma modulation index decreased significantly and functional connectivity based on partial directed coherence towards frontal lobe was enhanced. These findings suggest that taVNS can improve motor learning, mainly through enhancing cognitive and memory functions rather than simple movement learning. This study confirms the positive regulatory effect of taVNS on motor learning, which is particularly promising as it offers a potential avenue for enhancing motor skills and facilitating rehabilitation.
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14
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Cruz AS, Cruz S, Remondes M. Effects of optogenetic silencing the anterior cingulate cortex in a delayed non-match to trajectory task. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 3:kvae002. [PMID: 38595941 PMCID: PMC10939314 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Working memory is a fundamental cognitive ability, allowing us to keep information in memory for the time needed to perform a given task. A complex neural circuit fulfills these functions, among which is the anterior cingulate cortex (CG). Functionally and anatomically connected to the medial prefrontal, retrosplenial, midcingulate and hippocampus, as well as motor cortices, CG has been implicated in retrieving appropriate information when needed to select and control appropriate behavior. The role of cingulate cortex in working memory-guided behaviors remains unclear due to the lack of studies reversibly interfering with its activity during specific epochs of working memory. We used eNpHR3.0 to silence cingulate neurons while animals perform a standard delayed non-match to trajectory task, and found that, while not causing an absolute impairment in working memory, silencing cingulate neurons during retrieval decreases the mean performance if compared to silencing during encoding. Such retrieval-associated changes are accompanied by longer delays observed when light is delivered to control animals, when compared to eNpHR3.0+ ones, consistent with an adaptive recruitment of additional cognitive resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Cruz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Sara Cruz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Miguel Remondes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-028, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon 1749-024, Portugal
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15
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Su M, Hu K, Liu W, Wu Y, Wang T, Cao C, Sun B, Zhan S, Ye Z. Theta Oscillations Support Prefrontal-hippocampal Interactions in Sequential Working Memory. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:147-156. [PMID: 37847448 PMCID: PMC10838883 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex and hippocampus may support sequential working memory beyond episodic memory and spatial navigation. This stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) study investigated how the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) interacts with the hippocampus in the online processing of sequential information. Twenty patients with epilepsy (eight women, age 27.6 ± 8.2 years) completed a line ordering task with SEEG recordings over the DLPFC and the hippocampus. Participants showed longer thinking times and more recall errors when asked to arrange random lines clockwise (random trials) than to maintain ordered lines (ordered trials) before recalling the orientation of a particular line. First, the ordering-related increase in thinking time and recall error was associated with a transient theta power increase in the hippocampus and a sustained theta power increase in the DLPFC (3-10 Hz). In particular, the hippocampal theta power increase correlated with the memory precision of line orientation. Second, theta phase coherences between the DLPFC and hippocampus were enhanced for ordering, especially for more precisely memorized lines. Third, the theta band DLPFC → hippocampus influence was selectively enhanced for ordering, especially for more precisely memorized lines. This study suggests that theta oscillations may support DLPFC-hippocampal interactions in the online processing of sequential information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghong Su
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kejia Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yunhao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chunyan Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shikun Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Zheng Ye
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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16
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Portero V, Deng S, Boink GJJ, Zhang GQ, de Vries A, Pijnappels DA. Optoelectronic control of cardiac rhythm: Toward shock-free ambulatory cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. J Intern Med 2024; 295:126-145. [PMID: 37964404 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, progressive in nature, and known to have a negative impact on mortality, morbidity, and quality of life. Patients requiring acute termination of AF to restore sinus rhythm are subjected to electrical cardioversion, which requires sedation and therefore hospitalization due to pain resulting from the electrical shocks. However, considering the progressive nature of AF and its detrimental effects, there is a clear need for acute out-of-hospital (i.e., ambulatory) cardioversion of AF. In the search for shock-free cardioversion methods to realize such ambulatory therapy, a method referred to as optogenetics has been put forward. Optogenetics enables optical control over the electrical activity of cardiomyocytes by targeted expression of light-activated ion channels or pumps and may therefore serve as a means for cardioversion. First proof-of-principle for such light-induced cardioversion came from in vitro studies, proving optogenetic AF termination to be very effective. Later, these results were confirmed in various rodent models of AF using different transgenes, illumination methods, and protocols, whereas computational studies in the human heart provided additional translational insight. Based on these results and fueled by recent advances in molecular biology, gene therapy, and optoelectronic engineering, a basis is now being formed to explore clinical translations of optoelectronic control of cardiac rhythm. In this review, we discuss the current literature regarding optogenetic cardioversion of AF to restore normal rhythm in a shock-free manner. Moreover, key translational steps will be discussed, both from a biological and technological point of view, to outline a path toward realizing acute shock-free ambulatory termination of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Portero
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shanliang Deng
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J J Boink
- Department of Medical Biology, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guo Qi Zhang
- Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine de Vries
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël A Pijnappels
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
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17
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Hainmueller T, Cazala A, Huang LW, Bartos M. Subfield-specific interneuron circuits govern the hippocampal response to novelty in male mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:714. [PMID: 38267409 PMCID: PMC10808551 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is the brain's center for episodic memories. Its subregions, the dentate gyrus and CA1-3, are differentially involved in memory encoding and recall. Hippocampal principal cells represent episodic features like movement, space, and context, but less is known about GABAergic interneurons. Here, we performed two-photon calcium imaging of parvalbumin- and somatostatin-expressing interneurons in the dentate gyrus and CA1-3 of male mice exploring virtual environments. Parvalbumin-interneurons increased activity with running-speed and reduced it in novel environments. Somatostatin-interneurons in CA1-3 behaved similar to parvalbumin-expressing cells, but their dentate gyrus counterparts increased activity during rest and in novel environments. Congruently, chemogenetic silencing of dentate parvalbumin-interneurons had prominent effects in familiar contexts, while silencing somatostatin-expressing cells increased similarity of granule cell representations between novel and familiar environments. Our data indicate unique roles for parvalbumin- and somatostatin-positive interneurons in the dentate gyrus that are distinct from those in CA1-3 and may support routing of novel information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hainmueller
- Institute for Physiology I, University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Aurore Cazala
- Institute for Physiology I, University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Li-Wen Huang
- Institute for Physiology I, University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Bartos
- Institute for Physiology I, University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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18
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Li R, Tang J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yang H, Wei H. Metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis of prefrontal cortex in the Pax2 neuron-specific deletion mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 128:110858. [PMID: 37660748 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are one of the characteristics of various neuropsychiatric disorders with complex and diverse molecular mechanisms. Repetitive self-grooming behavior is one of the manifestations of RRBs in humans and rodents. Research on the neural mechanism of repetitive self-grooming behavior is expected to reveal the underlying logic of the occurrence of RRBs. Pax2 is an important member of the paired-box transcription factor family. It is expressed in different regions of the developing central nervous system. Our previous study showed that Pax2 heterozygous gene knockout mice (Pax2+/- KO mice) exhibit significantly increased self-grooming, which suggests that the Pax2 gene is involved in the control of self-grooming behavior, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we further constructed the Pax2 neuron-specific deletion mice (Nestin-Pax2 mice). Targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics techniques was used to analyze. The results showed that there is an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance of the neurotransmitter system and the Arc gene was significantly up-regulated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of Nestin-Pax2 mice. This study suggests that the potential regulatory mechanism of the increased repetitive self-grooming behavior in Pax2 gene deletion mice is that the deletion of the Pax2 gene affects the expression of Arc in the PFC, leading to impaired synaptic plasticity and excitatory/inhibitory imbalance, and participating in the occurrence of repetitive self-grooming behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, the Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Control, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Jiaming Tang
- School of the Third Clinic, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, the Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, the Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, the Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Control, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China.
| | - Hongen Wei
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, the Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Control, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China.
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19
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Schonhaut DR, Rao AM, Ramayya AG, Solomon EA, Herweg NA, Fried I, Kahana MJ. MTL neurons phase-lock to human hippocampal theta. eLife 2024; 13:e85753. [PMID: 38193826 PMCID: PMC10948143 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory formation depends on neural activity across a network of regions, including the hippocampus and broader medial temporal lobe (MTL). Interactions between these regions have been studied indirectly using functional MRI, but the bases for interregional communication at a cellular level remain poorly understood. Here, we evaluate the hypothesis that oscillatory currents in the hippocampus synchronize the firing of neurons both within and outside the hippocampus. We recorded extracellular spikes from 1854 single- and multi-units simultaneously with hippocampal local field potentials (LFPs) in 28 neurosurgical patients who completed virtual navigation experiments. A majority of hippocampal neurons phase-locked to oscillations in the slow (2-4 Hz) or fast (6-10 Hz) theta bands, with a significant subset exhibiting nested slow theta × beta frequency (13-20 Hz) phase-locking. Outside of the hippocampus, phase-locking to hippocampal oscillations occurred only at theta frequencies and primarily among neurons in the entorhinal cortex and amygdala. Moreover, extrahippocampal neurons phase-locked to hippocampal theta even when theta did not appear locally. These results indicate that spike-time synchronization with hippocampal theta is a defining feature of neuronal activity in the hippocampus and structurally connected MTL regions. Theta phase-locking could mediate flexible communication with the hippocampus to influence the content and quality of memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Schonhaut
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Aditya M Rao
- Department of Psychology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Ashwin G Ramayya
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Ethan A Solomon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Nora A Herweg
- Department of Psychology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Itzhak Fried
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv UniversityTel-AvivIsrael
| | - Michael J Kahana
- Department of Psychology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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20
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Chen K, Gupta R, Martín‐Ávila A, Cui M, Xie Z, Yang G. Anesthesia-induced hippocampal-cortical hyperactivity and tau hyperphosphorylation impair remote memory retrieval in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:494-510. [PMID: 37695022 PMCID: PMC10843666 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anesthesia often exacerbates memory recall difficulties in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS We used in vivo Ca2+ imaging, viral-based circuit tracing, and chemogenetic approaches to investigate anesthesia-induced remote memory impairment in mouse models of presymptomatic AD. RESULTS Our study identified pyramidal neuron hyperactivity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as a significant contributor to anesthesia-induced remote memory impairment. This ACC hyperactivation arises from the disinhibition of local inhibitory circuits and increased excitatory inputs from the hippocampal CA1 region. Inhibiting hyperactivity in the CA1-ACC circuit improved memory recall after anesthesia. Moreover, anesthesia led to increased tau phosphorylation in the hippocampus, and inhibiting this hyperphosphorylation prevented ACC hyperactivity and subsequent memory impairment. DISCUSSION Hippocampal-cortical hyperactivity plays a role in anesthesia-induced remote memory impairment. Targeting tau hyperphosphorylation shows promise as a therapeutic strategy to mitigate anesthesia-induced neural network dysfunction and retrograde amnesia in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Riya Gupta
- Barnard College of Columbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Meng Cui
- Department of BiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research UnitDepartment of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of AnesthesiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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21
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Xue F, Li F, Zhang KM, Ding L, Wang Y, Zhao X, Xu F, Zhang D, Sun M, Lau PM, Zhu Q, Zhou P, Bi GQ. Multi-region calcium imaging in freely behaving mice with ultra-compact head-mounted fluorescence microscopes. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad294. [PMID: 38288367 PMCID: PMC10824555 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the circuit-level neural mechanisms of behavior, simultaneous imaging of neuronal activity in multiple cortical and subcortical regions is highly desired. Miniature head-mounted microscopes offer the capability of calcium imaging in freely behaving animals. However, implanting multiple microscopes on a mouse brain remains challenging due to space constraints and the cumbersome weight of the equipment. Here, we present TINIscope, a Tightly Integrated Neuronal Imaging microscope optimized for electronic and opto-mechanical design. With its compact and lightweight design of 0.43 g, TINIscope enables unprecedented simultaneous imaging of behavior-relevant activity in up to four brain regions in mice. Proof-of-concept experiments with TINIscope recorded over 1000 neurons in four hippocampal subregions and revealed concurrent activity patterns spanning across these regions. Moreover, we explored potential multi-modal experimental designs by integrating additional modules for optogenetics, electrical stimulation or local field potential recordings. Overall, TINIscope represents a timely and indispensable tool for studying the brain-wide interregional coordination that underlies unrestrained behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xue
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instruments, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fei Li
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ke-ming Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lufeng Ding
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xingtao Zhao
- Department of Modern Life Sciences and Biotecnology, Xiongan Institute of Innovation, Xiongan New Area, Xiongan 071899, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Danke Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingzhai Sun
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Pak-Ming Lau
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Bi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China
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22
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Veerakumar A, Head JP, Krasnow MA. A brainstem circuit for phonation and volume control in mice. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:2122-2130. [PMID: 37996531 PMCID: PMC10689238 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian vocalizations are critical for communication and are produced through the process of phonation, in which expiratory muscles force air through the tensed vocal folds of the larynx, which vibrate to produce sound. Despite the importance of phonation, the motor circuits in the brain that control it remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified a subpopulation of ~160 neuropeptide precursor Nts (neurotensin)-expressing neurons in the mouse brainstem nucleus retroambiguus (RAm) that are robustly activated during both neonatal isolation cries and adult social vocalizations. The activity of these neurons is necessary and sufficient for vocalization and bidirectionally controls sound volume. RAm Nts neurons project to all brainstem and spinal cord motor centers involved in phonation and activate laryngeal and expiratory muscles essential for phonation and volume control. Thus, RAm Nts neurons form the core of a brain circuit for making sound and controlling its volume, which are two foundations of vocal communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avin Veerakumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua P Head
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Krasnow
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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23
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Wu K, Wang D, Wang Y, Tang P, Li X, Pan Y, Tao HW, Zhang LI, Liang F. Distinct circuits in anterior cingulate cortex encode safety assessment and mediate flexibility of fear reactions. Neuron 2023; 111:3650-3667.e6. [PMID: 37652003 PMCID: PMC10990237 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Safety assessment and threat evaluation are crucial for animals to live and survive in the wilderness. However, neural circuits underlying safety assessment and their transformation to mediate flexibility of fear-induced defensive behaviors remain largely unknown. Here, we report that distinct neuronal populations in mouse anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) encode safety status by selectively responding under different contexts of auditory threats, with one preferably activated when an animal staysing in a self-deemed safe zone and another specifically activated in more dangerous environmental settings that led to escape behavior. The safety-responding neurons preferentially target the zona incerta (ZI), which suppresses the superior colliculus (SC) via its GABAergic projection, while the danger-responding neurons preferentially target and excite SC. These distinct corticofugal pathways antagonistically modulate SC responses to threat, resulting in context-dependent expression of fear reactions. Thus, ACC serves as a critical node to encode safety/danger assessment and mediate behavioral flexibility through differential top-down circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibin Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dijia Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Peiwen Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yidi Pan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Huizhong W Tao
- Center for Neural Circuits & Sensory Processing Disorders, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Li I Zhang
- Center for Neural Circuits & Sensory Processing Disorders, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Feixue Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Robert V, O'Neil K, Rashid SK, Johnson CD, De La Torre RG, Zemelman BV, Clopath C, Basu J. Entorhinal cortex glutamatergic and GABAergic projections bidirectionally control discrimination and generalization of hippocampal representations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.08.566107. [PMID: 37986793 PMCID: PMC10659280 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.566107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Discrimination and generalization are crucial brain-wide functions for memory and object recognition that utilize pattern separation and completion computations. Circuit mechanisms supporting these operations remain enigmatic. We show lateral entorhinal cortex glutamatergic (LEC GLU ) and GABAergic (LEC GABA ) projections are essential for object recognition memory. Silencing LEC GLU during in vivo two-photon imaging increased the population of active CA3 pyramidal cells but decreased activity rates, suggesting a sparse coding function through local inhibition. Silencing LEC GLU also decreased place cell remapping between different environments validating this circuit drives pattern separation and context discrimination. Optogenetic circuit mapping confirmed that LEC GLU drives dominant feedforward inhibition to prevent CA3 somatic and dendritic spikes. However, conjunctively active LEC GABA suppresses this local inhibition to disinhibit CA3 pyramidal neuron soma and selectively boost integrative output of LEC and CA3 recurrent network. LEC GABA thus promotes pattern completion and context generalization. Indeed, without this disinhibitory input, CA3 place maps show decreased similarity between contexts. Our findings provide circuit mechanisms whereby long-range glutamatergic and GABAergic cortico-hippocampal inputs bidirectionally modulate pattern separation and completion, providing neuronal representations with a dynamic range for context discrimination and generalization.
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25
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Takagi S. Exploring Ripple Waves in the Human Brain. Clin EEG Neurosci 2023; 54:594-600. [PMID: 34287087 DOI: 10.1177/15500594211034371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ripples are brief (<150 ms) high-frequency oscillatory neural activities in the brain with a range of 140 to 200 Hz in rodents and 80 to 140 Hz in humans. Ripples are regarded as playing an essential role in several aspects of memory function, mainly in the hippocampus. This type of ripple generally occurs with sharp waves and is called a sharp-wave ripple (SPW-R). Extensive research of SPW-Rs in the rodent brain while actively awake has also linked the function of these SPW-Rs to navigation and decision making. Although many studies with rodents unveiled SPW-R function, research in humans on this subject is still sparse. Therefore, unveiling SPW-R function in the human hippocampus is warranted. A certain type of ripples may also be a biomarker of epilepsy. This type of ripple is called a pathological ripple (p-ripple). p-ripples have a wider range of frequency (80-500 Hz) than SPW-Rs, and the range of frequency is especially higher in brain regions that are intrinsically linked to epilepsy onset. Brain regions producing ripples are too small for scalp electrode recording, and intracranial recording is typically needed to detect ripples. In addition, SPW-Rs in the human hippocampus have been recorded from patients with epilepsy who may have p-ripples. Differentiating SPW-Rs and p-ripples is often not easy. We need to develop more sophisticated methods to record SPW-Rs to differentiate them from p-ripples. This paper reviews the general features and roles of ripple waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Takagi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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26
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Marchal GA, Biasci V, Yan P, Palandri C, Campione M, Cerbai E, Loew LM, Sacconi L. Recent advances and current limitations of available technology to optically manipulate and observe cardiac electrophysiology. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1357-1366. [PMID: 37770585 PMCID: PMC10567935 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetics, utilising light-reactive proteins to manipulate tissue activity, are a relatively novel approach in the field of cardiac electrophysiology. We here provide an overview of light-activated transmembrane channels (optogenetic actuators) currently applied in strategies to modulate cardiac activity, as well as newly developed variants yet to be implemented in the heart. In addition, we touch upon genetically encoded indicators (optogenetic sensors) and fluorescent dyes to monitor tissue activity, including cardiac transmembrane potential and ion homeostasis. The combination of the two allows for all-optical approaches to monitor and manipulate the heart without any physical contact. However, spectral congestion poses a major obstacle, arising due to the overlap of excitation/activation and emission spectra of various optogenetic proteins and/or fluorescent dyes, resulting in optical crosstalk. Therefore, optogenetic proteins and fluorescent dyes should be carefully selected to avoid optical crosstalk and consequent disruptions in readouts and/or cellular activity. We here present a novel approach to simultaneously monitor transmembrane potential and cytosolic calcium, while also performing optogenetic manipulation. For this, we used the novel voltage-sensitive dye ElectroFluor 730p and the cytosolic calcium indicator X-Rhod-1 in mouse hearts expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). By exploiting the isosbestic point of ElectroFluor 730p and avoiding the ChR2 activation spectrum, we here introduce a novel optical imaging and manipulation approach with minimal crosstalk. Future developments in both optogenetic proteins and fluorescent dyes will allow for additional and more optimised strategies, promising a bright future for all-optical approaches in the field of cardiac electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Biasci
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy-LENS, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ping Yan
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Chiara Palandri
- Department NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marina Campione
- Institute of Neuroscience (IN-CNR) and Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cerbai
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy-LENS, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Leslie M Loew
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC-CNR), Florence, Italy.
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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27
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Voelker P, Weible AP, Niell CM, Rothbart MK, Posner MI. Molecular Mechanisms for Changing Brain Connectivity in Mice and Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15840. [PMID: 37958822 PMCID: PMC10648558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine commonalities in the molecular basis of learning in mice and humans. In previous work we have demonstrated that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus (HC) are involved in learning a two-choice visuospatial discrimination task. Here, we began by looking for candidate genes upregulated in mouse ACC and HC with learning. We then determined which of these were also upregulated in mouse blood. Finally, we used RT-PCR to compare candidate gene expression in mouse blood with that from humans following one of two forms of learning: a working memory task (network training) or meditation (a generalized training shown to change many networks). Two genes were upregulated in mice following learning: caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 6 (Card6) and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (Impdh2). The Impdh2 gene product catalyzes the first committed step of guanine nucleotide synthesis and is tightly linked to cell proliferation. The Card6 gene product positively modulates signal transduction. In humans, Card6 was significantly upregulated, and Impdh2 trended toward upregulation with training. These genes have been shown to regulate pathways that influence nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a factor previously found to be related to enhanced synaptic function and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Voelker
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA (M.I.P.)
| | - Aldis P. Weible
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.P.W.); (C.M.N.)
| | - Cristopher M. Niell
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.P.W.); (C.M.N.)
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Mary K. Rothbart
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA (M.I.P.)
| | - Michael I. Posner
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA (M.I.P.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.P.W.); (C.M.N.)
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28
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Ratigan HC, Krishnan S, Smith S, Sheffield MEJ. A thalamic-hippocampal CA1 signal for contextual fear memory suppression, extinction, and discrimination. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6758. [PMID: 37875465 PMCID: PMC10598272 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptive regulation of fear memories is a crucial neural function that prevents inappropriate fear expression. Fear memories can be acquired through contextual fear conditioning (CFC) which relies on the hippocampus. The thalamic nucleus reuniens (NR) is necessary to extinguish contextual fear and innervates hippocampal CA1. However, the role of the NR-CA1 pathway in contextual fear is unknown. We developed a head-restrained virtual reality CFC paradigm, and demonstrate that mice can acquire and extinguish context-dependent fear responses. We found that inhibiting the NR-CA1 pathway following CFC lengthens the duration of fearful freezing epochs, increases fear generalization, and delays fear extinction. Using in vivo imaging, we recorded NR-axons innervating CA1 and found that NR-axons become tuned to fearful freezing following CFC. We conclude that the NR-CA1 pathway actively suppresses fear by disrupting contextual fear memory retrieval in CA1 during fearful freezing behavior, a process that also reduces fear generalization and accelerates extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Ratigan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60615, USA
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60615, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60615, USA
| | - Seetha Krishnan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60615, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60615, USA
| | - Shai Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60615, USA
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60615, USA
| | - Mark E J Sheffield
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60615, USA.
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60615, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60615, USA.
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60615, USA.
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Delcourte S, Bouloufa A, Rovera R, Bétry C, Abrial E, Dkhissi-Benyahya O, Heinrich C, Marcy G, Raineteau O, Haddjeri N, Lucas G, Etiévant A. Chemogenetic activation of prefrontal astroglia enhances recognition memory performance in rat. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115384. [PMID: 37657260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prefrontal cortex (PFC) inputs to the hippocampus are supposed to be critical in memory processes. Astrocytes are involved in several brain functions, such as homeostasis, neurotransmission, synaptogenesis. However, their role in PFC-mediated modulation of memory has yet to be studied. The present study aims at uncovering the role of PFC astroglia in memory performance and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Using chemogenetic and lesions approaches of infralimbic PFC (IL-PFC) astrocytes, we evaluated memory performance in the novel object recognition task (NOR) and dorsal hippocampus synaptic plasticity. We uncovered a surprising role of PFC astroglia in modulating object recognition memory. In opposition to the astroglia PFC lesion, we show that chemogenetic activation of IL-PFC astrocytes increased memory performance in the novel object recognition task and facilitated in vivo dorsal hippocampus synaptic metaplasticity. These results redefine the involvement of PFC in recognition mnemonic processing, uncovering an important role of PFC astroglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Delcourte
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Amel Bouloufa
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Renaud Rovera
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Cécile Bétry
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Erika Abrial
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Christophe Heinrich
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Guillaume Marcy
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Olivier Raineteau
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Nasser Haddjeri
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France.
| | - Guillaume Lucas
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, P3TN, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Adeline Etiévant
- Integrative and Clinical Neurosciences EA481, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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30
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Zaki Y, Pennington ZT, Morales-Rodriguez D, Francisco TR, LaBanca AR, Dong Z, Lamsifer S, Segura SC, Chen HT, Wick ZC, Silva AJ, van der Meer M, Shuman T, Fenton A, Rajan K, Cai DJ. Aversive experience drives offline ensemble reactivation to link memories across days. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.13.532469. [PMID: 36993254 PMCID: PMC10054942 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.13.532469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Memories are encoded in neural ensembles during learning and stabilized by post-learning reactivation. Integrating recent experiences into existing memories ensures that memories contain the most recently available information, but how the brain accomplishes this critical process remains unknown. Here we show that in mice, a strong aversive experience drives the offline ensemble reactivation of not only the recent aversive memory but also a neutral memory formed two days prior, linking the fear from the recent aversive memory to the previous neutral memory. We find that fear specifically links retrospectively, but not prospectively, to neutral memories across days. Consistent with prior studies, we find reactivation of the recent aversive memory ensemble during the offline period following learning. However, a strong aversive experience also increases co-reactivation of the aversive and neutral memory ensembles during the offline period. Finally, the expression of fear in the neutral context is associated with reactivation of the shared ensemble between the aversive and neutral memories. Taken together, these results demonstrate that strong aversive experience can drive retrospective memory-linking through the offline co-reactivation of recent memory ensembles with memory ensembles formed days prior, providing a neural mechanism by which memories can be integrated across days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosif Zaki
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Zachary T. Pennington
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | | | - Taylor R. Francisco
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Alexa R. LaBanca
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Zhe Dong
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Sophia Lamsifer
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Simón Carrillo Segura
- Graduate Program in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201
| | - Hung-Tu Chen
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755
| | - Zoé Christenson Wick
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Alcino J. Silva
- Department of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | | | - Tristan Shuman
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - André Fenton
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10003
- Neuroscience Institute at the NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016
| | - Kanaka Rajan
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Denise J. Cai
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
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31
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Andrianova L, Yanakieva S, Margetts-Smith G, Kohli S, Brady ES, Aggleton JP, Craig MT. No evidence from complementary data sources of a direct glutamatergic projection from the mouse anterior cingulate area to the hippocampal formation. eLife 2023; 12:e77364. [PMID: 37545394 PMCID: PMC10425170 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The connectivity and interplay between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus underpin various key cognitive processes, with changes in these interactions being implicated in both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions. Understanding the precise cellular connections through which this circuit is organised is, therefore, vital for understanding these same processes. Overturning earlier findings, a recent study described a novel excitatory projection from anterior cingulate area to dorsal hippocampus. We sought to validate this unexpected finding using multiple, complementary methods: anterograde and retrograde anatomical tracing, using anterograde and retrograde adeno-associated viral vectors, monosynaptic rabies tracing, and the Fast Blue classical tracer. Additionally, an extensive data search of the Allen Projection Brain Atlas database was conducted to find the stated projection within any of the deposited anatomical studies as an independent verification of our own results. However, we failed to find any evidence of a direct, monosynaptic glutamatergic projection from mouse anterior cingulate cortex to the hippocampus proper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilya Andrianova
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUnited Kingdom
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Steliana Yanakieva
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Gabriella Margetts-Smith
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Shivali Kohli
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Erica S Brady
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael T Craig
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUnited Kingdom
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
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32
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Zhang K, Yang Z, Gaffield MA, Gross GG, Arnold DB, Christie JM. Molecular layer disinhibition unlocks climbing-fiber-instructed motor learning in the cerebellum. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.04.552059. [PMID: 38654827 PMCID: PMC11037867 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.04.552059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Climbing fibers supervise cerebellar learning by providing signals to Purkinje cells (PCs) that instruct adaptive changes to mistakenly performed movements. Yet, climbing fibers are regularly active, even during well performed movements, suggesting that a mechanism dynamically regulates the ability of climbing fibers to induce corrective plasticity in response to motor errors. We found that molecular layer interneurons (MLIs), whose inhibition of PCs powerfully opposes climbing-fiber-mediated excitation, serve this function. Optogenetically suppressing the activity of floccular MLIs in mice during the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) induces a learned increase in gain despite the absence of performance errors. Suppressing MLIs when the VOR is mistakenly underperformed reveled that their inhibitory output is necessary to orchestrate gain-increase learning by conditionally permitting climbing fibers to instruct plasticity induction during ipsiversive head turns. Ablation of an MLI circuit for PC disinhibition prevents gain-increase learning during VOR performance errors which was rescued by re-imposing PC disinhibition through MLI activity suppression. Our findings point to a decisive role for MLIs in gating climbing-fiber-mediated learning through their context-dependent inhibition of PCs.
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33
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Jayachandran M, Viena TD, Garcia A, Veliz AV, Leyva S, Roldan V, Vertes RP, Allen TA. Nucleus reuniens transiently synchronizes memory networks at beta frequencies. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4326. [PMID: 37468487 PMCID: PMC10356781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory-based decision-making requires top-down medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampal interactions. This integrated prefrontal-hippocampal memory state is thought to be organized by synchronized network oscillations and mediated by connectivity with the thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE). Whether and how the RE synchronizes prefrontal-hippocampal networks in memory, however, remains unknown. Here, we recorded local field potentials from the prefrontal-RE-hippocampal network while rats engaged in a nonspatial sequence memory task, thereby isolating memory-related activity from running-related oscillations. We found that synchronous prefrontal-hippocampal beta bursts (15-30 Hz) dominated during memory trials, whereas synchronous theta activity (6-12 Hz) dominated during non-memory-related running. Moreover, RE beta activity appeared first, followed by prefrontal and hippocampal synchronized beta, suggesting that prefrontal-hippocampal beta could be driven by the RE. To test whether the RE is capable of driving prefrontal-hippocampal beta synchrony, we used an optogenetic approach (retroAAV-ChR2). RE activation induced prefrontal-hippocampal beta coherence and reduced theta coherence, matching the observed memory-driven network state in the sequence task. These findings are the first to demonstrate that the RE contributes to memory by driving transient synchronized beta in the prefrontal-hippocampal system, thereby facilitating interactions that underlie memory-based decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maanasa Jayachandran
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Tatiana D Viena
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Andy Garcia
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Abdiel Vasallo Veliz
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Sofia Leyva
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Valentina Roldan
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Robert P Vertes
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Timothy A Allen
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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Harvey RE, Robinson HL, Liu C, Oliva A, Fernandez-Ruiz A. Hippocampo-cortical circuits for selective memory encoding, routing, and replay. Neuron 2023; 111:2076-2090.e9. [PMID: 37196658 PMCID: PMC11146684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally considered a homogeneous cell type, hippocampal pyramidal cells have been recently shown to be highly diverse. However, how this cellular diversity relates to the different hippocampal network computations that support memory-guided behavior is not yet known. We show that the anatomical identity of pyramidal cells is a major organizing principle of CA1 assembly dynamics, the emergence of memory replay, and cortical projection patterns in rats. Segregated pyramidal cell subpopulations encoded trajectory and choice-specific information or tracked changes in reward configuration respectively, and their activity was selectively read out by different cortical targets. Furthermore, distinct hippocampo-cortical assemblies coordinated the reactivation of complementary memory representations. These findings reveal the existence of specialized hippocampo-cortical subcircuits and provide a cellular mechanism that supports the computational flexibility and memory capacities of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Harvey
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Heath L Robinson
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Azahara Oliva
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Morton NW, Zippi EL, Preston AR. Memory reactivation and suppression modulate integration of the semantic features of related memories in hippocampus. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:9020-9037. [PMID: 37264937 PMCID: PMC10350843 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Encoding an event that overlaps with a previous experience may involve reactivating an existing memory and integrating it with new information or suppressing the existing memory to promote formation of a distinct, new representation. We used fMRI during overlapping event encoding to track reactivation and suppression of individual, related memories. We further used a model of semantic knowledge based on Wikipedia to quantify both reactivation of semantic knowledge related to a previous event and formation of integrated memories containing semantic features of both events. Representational similarity analysis revealed that reactivation of semantic knowledge related to a prior event in posterior medial prefrontal cortex (pmPFC) supported memory integration during new learning. Moreover, anterior hippocampus (aHPC) formed integrated representations combining the semantic features of overlapping events. We further found evidence that aHPC integration may be modulated on a trial-by-trial basis by interactions between ventrolateral PFC and anterior mPFC, with suppression of item-specific memory representations in anterior mPFC inhibiting hippocampal integration. These results suggest that PFC-mediated control processes determine the availability of specific relevant memories during new learning, thus impacting hippocampal memory integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal W Morton
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Ellen L Zippi
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 95064, United States
| | - Alison R Preston
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
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36
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Zichó K, Sos KE, Papp P, Barth AM, Misák E, Orosz Á, Mayer MI, Sebestény RZ, Nyiri G. Fear memory recall involves hippocampal somatostatin interneurons. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002154. [PMID: 37289847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fear-related memory traces are encoded by sparse populations of hippocampal principal neurons that are recruited based on their inhibitory-excitatory balance during memory formation. Later, the reactivation of the same principal neurons can recall the memory. The details of this mechanism are still unclear. Here, we investigated whether disinhibition could play a major role in this process. Using optogenetic behavioral experiments, we found that when fear was associated with the inhibition of mouse hippocampal somatostatin positive interneurons, the re-inhibition of the same interneurons could recall fear memory. Pontine nucleus incertus neurons selectively inhibit hippocampal somatostatin cells. We also found that when fear was associated with the activity of these incertus neurons or fibers, the reactivation of the same incertus neurons or fibers could also recall fear memory. These incertus neurons showed correlated activity with hippocampal principal neurons during memory recall and were strongly innervated by memory-related neocortical centers, from which the inputs could also control hippocampal disinhibition in vivo. Nonselective inhibition of these mouse hippocampal somatostatin or incertus neurons impaired memory recall. Our data suggest a novel disinhibition-based memory mechanism in the hippocampus that is supported by local somatostatin interneurons and their pontine brainstem inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Zichó
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin E Sos
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Papp
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Albert M Barth
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erik Misák
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Áron Orosz
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton I Mayer
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Z Sebestény
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nyiri
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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He J, Chen Y, Dai S, Chen F, Wang Y, Shi T, Chen L, Liu Y, Chen J, Xie P. First insights into region-specific lipidome alterations of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice exposed chronically to microcystins. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 177:108018. [PMID: 37329758 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs), a group of most widespread freshwater cyanotoxins that possess strong neurotoxicity, can adversely affect brain structures and functions and are linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the essential role of lipids in brain structures and functions, the brain lipidome profile of mammals exposed to MCs remains unexplored, hindering a clear understanding of the neurotoxic effects of MCs and underlying mechanisms. In this study, we performed untargeted lipidomic profiling using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice orally exposed to 30 and 300 μg/kg body mass/day of microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) for 180 days to evaluate the impacts of MC-LR on the brain lipidome profile and functions. Our results show that MC-LR resulted in a decline in cognitive parameters, as assessed by the Morris water maze test. Interestingly, apparent neurodegenerative changes were observed in the prefrontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus. Comprehensive lipidomic analyses uncovered profound, region-specific changes in the phospholipid and sphingolipid profile at the levels of lipid subclasses, lipid species, and fatty acyl composition. These changes showed overall decrease trends of lipid content in the prefrontal cortex yet increasing trends in the hippocampus. We identified distinct transcriptional regulations of lipid metabolism and apoptosis by MC-LR in the two regions, which appeared to underlie the neurodegenerative changes. Collectively, this study uncovers region-specific changes in the brain lipidome profile and functions induced by MCs, shedding light on the role of lipid dysfunction in neurotoxicity mechanism of MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiming Dai
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yeke Wang
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Shi
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
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Sherrill KR, Molitor RJ, Karagoz AB, Atyam M, Mack ML, Preston AR. Generalization of cognitive maps across space and time. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:7971-7992. [PMID: 36977625 PMCID: PMC10492577 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prominent theories posit that associative memory structures, known as cognitive maps, support flexible generalization of knowledge across cognitive domains. Here, we evince a representational account of cognitive map flexibility by quantifying how spatial knowledge formed one day was used predictively in a temporal sequence task 24 hours later, biasing both behavior and neural response. Participants learned novel object locations in distinct virtual environments. After learning, hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) represented a cognitive map, wherein neural patterns became more similar for same-environment objects and more discriminable for different-environment objects. Twenty-four hours later, participants rated their preference for objects from spatial learning; objects were presented in sequential triplets from either the same or different environments. We found that preference response times were slower when participants transitioned between same- and different-environment triplets. Furthermore, hippocampal spatial map coherence tracked behavioral slowing at the implicit sequence transitions. At transitions, predictive reinstatement of virtual environments decreased in anterior parahippocampal cortex. In the absence of such predictive reinstatement after sequence transitions, hippocampus and vmPFC responses increased, accompanied by hippocampal-vmPFC functional decoupling that predicted individuals' behavioral slowing after a transition. Collectively, these findings reveal how expectations derived from spatial experience generalize to support temporal prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Sherrill
- Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Robert J Molitor
- Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ata B Karagoz
- Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Manasa Atyam
- Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael L Mack
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1E6, Canada
| | - Alison R Preston
- Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Santos-García I, Rodríguez-Cueto C, Villegas P, Piscitelli F, Lauritano A, Shen CKJ, Di Marzo V, Fernández-Ruiz J, de Lago E. Preclinical investigation in FAAH inhibition as a neuroprotective therapy for frontotemporal dementia using TDP-43 transgenic male mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:108. [PMID: 37149645 PMCID: PMC10163746 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous group of early onset and progressive neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by degeneration in the frontal and temporal lobes, which causes deterioration in cognition, personality, social behavior and language. Around 45% of the cases are characterized by the presence of aggregates of the RNA-binding protein TDP-43. METHODS In this study, we have used a murine model of FTD that overexpresses this protein exclusively in the forebrain (under the control of the CaMKIIα promoter) for several biochemical, histological and pharmacological studies focused on the endocannabinoid system. RESULTS These mice exhibited at postnatal day 90 (PND90) important cognitive deficits, signs of emotional impairment and disinhibited social behaviour, which were, in most of cases, maintained during the first year of life of these animals. Motor activity was apparently normal, but FTD mice exhibited higher mortality. Their MRI imaging analysis and their ex-vivo histopathological evaluation proved changes compatible with atrophy (loss of specific groups of pyramidal neurons: Ctip2- and NeuN-positive cells) and inflammatory events (astroglial and microglial reactivities) in both cortical (medial prefrontal cortex) and subcortical (hippocampus) structures at PND90 and also at PND365. The analysis of the endocannabinoid system in these mice proved a decrease in the hydrolysing enzyme FAAH in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, with an increase in the synthesizing enzyme NAPE-PLD only in the hippocampus, responses that were accompanied by modest elevations in anandamide and related N-acylethanolamines. The potentiation of these elevated levels of anandamide after the pharmacological inactivation of FAAH with URB597 resulted in a general improvement in behaviour, in particular in cognitive deterioration, associated with the preservation of pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex and the CA1 layer of the hippocampus, and with the reduction of gliosis in both structures. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirmed the potential of elevating the endocannabinoid tone as a therapy against TDP-43-induced neuropathology in FTD, limiting glial reactivity, preserving neuronal integrity and improving cognitive, emotional and social deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Santos-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Cueto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Villegas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Lauritano
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Che-Kun J Shen
- The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, CRIUCPQ and INAF, Centre NUTRISS, Faculties of Medicine and Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebéc City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eva de Lago
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
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Fetcho RN, Hall BS, Estrin DJ, Walsh AP, Schuette PJ, Kaminsky J, Singh A, Roshgodal J, Bavley CC, Nadkarni V, Antigua S, Huynh TN, Grosenick L, Carthy C, Komer L, Adhikari A, Lee FS, Rajadhyaksha AM, Liston C. Regulation of social interaction in mice by a frontostriatal circuit modulated by established hierarchical relationships. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2487. [PMID: 37120443 PMCID: PMC10148889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Social hierarchies exert a powerful influence on behavior, but the neurobiological mechanisms that detect and regulate hierarchical interactions are not well understood, especially at the level of neural circuits. Here, we use fiber photometry and chemogenetic tools to record and manipulate the activity of nucleus accumbens-projecting cells in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC-NAcSh) during tube test social competitions. We show that vmPFC-NAcSh projections signal learned hierarchical relationships, and are selectively recruited by subordinate mice when they initiate effortful social dominance behavior during encounters with a dominant competitor from an established hierarchy. After repeated bouts of social defeat stress, this circuit is preferentially activated during social interactions initiated by stress resilient individuals, and plays a necessary role in supporting social approach behavior in subordinated mice. These results define a necessary role for vmPFC-NAcSh cells in the adaptive regulation of social interaction behavior based on prior hierarchical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Fetcho
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baila S Hall
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David J Estrin
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander P Walsh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter J Schuette
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jesse Kaminsky
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashna Singh
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacob Roshgodal
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charlotte C Bavley
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Viraj Nadkarni
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Antigua
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thu N Huynh
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Logan Grosenick
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Camille Carthy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Komer
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Avishek Adhikari
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francis S Lee
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anjali M Rajadhyaksha
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Conor Liston
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, New York, NY, USA.
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41
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Das A, Menon V. Concurrent- and After-Effects of Medial Temporal Lobe Stimulation on Directed Information Flow to and from Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices during Memory Formation. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3159-3175. [PMID: 36963847 PMCID: PMC10146497 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1728-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) has the potential to uncover causal circuit mechanisms underlying memory function. However, little is known about how MTL stimulation alters information flow with frontoparietal cortical regions implicated in episodic memory. We used intracranial EEG recordings from humans (14 participants, 10 females) to investigate how MTL stimulation alters directed information flow between MTL and PFC and between MTL and posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Participants performed a verbal episodic memory task during which they were presented with words and asked to recall them after a delay of ∼20 s; 50 Hz stimulation was applied to MTL electrodes on selected trials during memory encoding. Directed information flow was examined using phase transfer entropy. Behaviorally, we observed that MTL stimulation reduced memory recall. MTL stimulation decreased top-down PFC→MTL directed information flow during both memory encoding and subsequent memory recall, revealing aftereffects more than 20 s after end of stimulation. Stimulation suppressed top-down PFC→MTL influences to a greater extent than PPC→MTL. Finally, MTL→PFC information flow on stimulation trials was significantly lower for successful, compared with unsuccessful, memory recall; in contrast, MTL→ventral PPC information flow was higher for successful, compared with unsuccessful, memory recall. Together, these results demonstrate that the effects of MTL stimulation are behaviorally, regionally, and directionally specific, that MTL stimulation selectively impairs directional signaling with PFC, and that causal MTL-ventral PPC circuits support successful memory recall. Findings provide new insights into dynamic casual circuits underling episodic memory and their modulation by MTL stimulation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The medial temporal lobe (MTL) and its interactions with prefrontal and parietal cortices (PFC and PPC) play a critical role in human memory. Dysfunctional MTL-PFC and MTL-PPC circuits are prominent in psychiatric and neurologic disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Brain stimulation has emerged as a potential mechanism for enhancing memory and cognitive functions, but the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms and dynamic causal circuitry underlying bottom-up and top-down signaling involving the MTL are unknown. Here, we use intracranial EEG recordings to investigate the effects of MTL stimulation on causal signaling in key episodic memory circuits linking the MTL with PFC and PPC. Our findings have implications for translational applications aimed at realizing the promise of brain stimulation-based treatment of memory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Das
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences
- Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
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42
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Moore JJ, Rashid SK, Johnson CD, Codrington N, Chklovskii DB, Basu J. Sub-cellular population imaging tools reveal stable apical dendrites in hippocampal area CA3. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2733660. [PMID: 37131789 PMCID: PMC10153397 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2733660/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Anatomically segregated apical and basal dendrites of pyramidal neurons receive functionally distinct inputs, but it is unknown if this results in compartment-level functional diversity during behavior. Here we imaged calcium signals from apical dendrites, soma, and basal dendrites of pyramidal neurons in area CA3 of mouse hippocampus during head-fixed navigation. To examine dendritic population activity, we developed computational tools to identify dendritic regions of interest and extract accurate fluorescence traces. We identified robust spatial tuning in apical and basal dendrites, similar to soma, though basal dendrites had reduced activity rates and place field widths. Across days, apical dendrites were more stable than soma or basal dendrites, resulting in better decoding of the animal's position. These population-level dendritic differences may reflect functionally distinct input streams leading to different dendritic computations in CA3. These tools will facilitate future studies of signal transformations between cellular compartments and their relation to behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Moore
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Center for Computational Neuroscience, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Shannon K Rashid
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Cara D. Johnson
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Naomi Codrington
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dmitri B Chklovskii
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Center for Computational Neuroscience, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Jayeeta Basu
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Neudert MK, Schäfer A, Zehtner RI, Fricke S, Seinsche RJ, Kruse O, Stark R, Hermann A. Behavioral pattern separation is associated with neural and electrodermal correlates of context-dependent fear conditioning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5577. [PMID: 37019951 PMCID: PMC10076331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampus-dependent pattern separation is considered as a relevant factor for context discrimination and might therefore impact the contextual modulation of conditioned fear. However, the association between pattern separation and context-dependent fear conditioning has not been investigated so far. In the current study, 72 healthy female students completed the Mnemonic Similarity Task, a measure of behavioral pattern separation, in addition to a context-dependent fear conditioning paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging. The paradigm included fear acquisition in context A and extinction training in context B on a first day, as well as retrieval testing of the fear and extinction memories in the safe context B (extinction recall) and a novel context C (fear renewal) one day later. Main outcome measures comprised skin conductance responses (SCRs) and blood oxygen level-dependent responses in brain regions of the fear and extinction circuit. Regarding retrieval testing, pattern separation did not correlate with extinction recall, but with stronger dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activation and conditioned SCRs (trend) during fear renewal, indicating a stronger retrieval of the fear memory trace. Our findings suggest that behavioral pattern separation ability seems to be important for context-dependent fear modulation, which is impaired in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie K Neudert
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Axel Schäfer
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Phillips University Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Raphaela I Zehtner
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Fricke
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rosa J Seinsche
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Onno Kruse
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Stark
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Phillips University Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrea Hermann
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Phillips University Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Silva BA, Gräff J. Face your fears: attenuating remote fear memories by reconsolidation-updating. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:404-416. [PMID: 36813591 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic events generate some of the most enduring memories, yet little is known about how long-lasting fear memories can be attenuated. In this review, we collect the surprisingly sparse evidence on remote fear memory attenuation from both animal and human research. What is becoming apparent is twofold: although remote fear memories are more resistant to change compared with recent ones, they can nevertheless be attenuated when interventions are targeted toward the period of memory malleability instigated by memory recall, the reconsolidation window. We describe the physiological mechanisms underlying remote reconsolidation-updating approaches and highlight how they can be enhanced through interventions promoting synaptic plasticity. By capitalizing on an intrinsically relevant phase of memory, reconsolidation-updating harbors the potential to permanently alter remote fear memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca A Silva
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Johannes Gräff
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland.
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Hanganu-Opatz IL, Klausberger T, Sigurdsson T, Nieder A, Jacob SN, Bartos M, Sauer JF, Durstewitz D, Leibold C, Diester I. Resolving the prefrontal mechanisms of adaptive cognitive behaviors: A cross-species perspective. Neuron 2023; 111:1020-1036. [PMID: 37023708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) enables a staggering variety of complex behaviors, such as planning actions, solving problems, and adapting to new situations according to external information and internal states. These higher-order abilities, collectively defined as adaptive cognitive behavior, require cellular ensembles that coordinate the tradeoff between the stability and flexibility of neural representations. While the mechanisms underlying the function of cellular ensembles are still unclear, recent experimental and theoretical studies suggest that temporal coordination dynamically binds prefrontal neurons into functional ensembles. A so far largely separate stream of research has investigated the prefrontal efferent and afferent connectivity. These two research streams have recently converged on the hypothesis that prefrontal connectivity patterns influence ensemble formation and the function of neurons within ensembles. Here, we propose a unitary concept that, leveraging a cross-species definition of prefrontal regions, explains how prefrontal ensembles adaptively regulate and efficiently coordinate multiple processes in distinct cognitive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana L Hanganu-Opatz
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Klausberger
- Center for Brain Research, Division of Cognitive Neurobiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Torfi Sigurdsson
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Nieder
- Animal Physiology Unit, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon N Jacob
- Translational Neurotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marlene Bartos
- Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jonas-Frederic Sauer
- Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Daniel Durstewitz
- Department of Theoretical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health & Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Leibold
- Faculty of Biology, Bernstein Center Freiburg, BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ilka Diester
- Optophysiology - Optogenetics and Neurophysiology, IMBIT // BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
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46
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Jiang YK, Dong FY, Dong YB, Zhu XY, Pan LH, Hu LB, Xu L, Xu XF, Xu LM, Zhang XQ. Lateral septal nucleus, dorsal part, and dentate gyrus are necessary for spatial and object recognition memory, respectively, in mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1139737. [PMID: 37064302 PMCID: PMC10102498 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1139737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionCognitive impairment includes the abnormality of learning, memory and judgment, resulting in severe learning and memory impairment and social activity impairment, which greatly affects the life quality of individuals. However, the specific mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in different behavioral paradigms remain to be elucidated.MethodsThe study utilized two behavioral paradigms, novel location recognition (NLR) and novel object recognition (NOR), to investigate the brain regions involved in cognitive function. These tests comprised two phases: mice were presented with two identical objects for familiarization during the training phase, and a novel (experiment) or familiar (control) object/location was presented during testing. Immunostaining quantification of c-Fos, an immediate early gene used as a neuronal activity marker, was performed in eight different brain regions after the NLR or NOR test.ResultsThe number of c-Fos-positive cells was significantly higher in the dorsal part of the lateral septal nucleus (LSD) in the NLR and dentate gyrus (DG) in the NOR experiment group than in the control group. We further bilaterally lesioned these regions using excitotoxic ibotenic acid and replenished the damaged areas using an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) strategy.DiscussionThese data reinforced the importance of LSD and DG in regulating spatial and object recognition memory, respectively. Thus, the study provides insight into the roles of these brain regions and suggests potential intervention targets for impaired spatial and object recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ke Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei-Yuan Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Bei Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Yi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu-Hui Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin-Bo Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Min Xu
- Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Li-Min Xu,
| | - Xiao-Qin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Qin Zhang,
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Toader AC, Regalado JM, Li YR, Terceros A, Yadav N, Kumar S, Satow S, Hollunder F, Bonito-Oliva A, Rajasethupathy P. Anteromedial thalamus gates the selection and stabilization of long-term memories. Cell 2023; 186:1369-1381.e17. [PMID: 37001501 PMCID: PMC10169089 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Memories initially formed in hippocampus gradually stabilize to cortex over weeks-to-months for long-term storage. The mechanistic details of this brain re-organization remain poorly understood. We recorded bulk neural activity in circuits that link hippocampus and cortex as mice performed a memory-guided virtual-reality task over weeks. We identified a prominent and sustained neural correlate of memory in anterior thalamus, whose inhibition substantially disrupted memory consolidation. More strikingly, gain amplification enhanced consolidation of otherwise unconsolidated memories. To gain mechanistic insights, we developed a technology for simultaneous cellular-resolution imaging of hippocampus, thalamus, and cortex throughout consolidation. We found that whereas hippocampus equally encodes multiple memories, the anteromedial thalamus preferentially encodes salient memories, and gradually increases correlations with cortex to facilitate tuning and synchronization of cortical ensembles. We thus identify a thalamo-cortical circuit that gates memory consolidation and propose a mechanism suitable for the selection and stabilization of hippocampal memories into longer-term cortical storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Toader
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Josue M Regalado
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yan Ran Li
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrea Terceros
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nakul Yadav
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Suraj Kumar
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sloane Satow
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Florian Hollunder
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alessandra Bonito-Oliva
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Priya Rajasethupathy
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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48
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Kenna M, Marek R, Sah P. Insights into the encoding of memories through the circuitry of fear. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 80:102712. [PMID: 37003106 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Associative learning induces physical changes to a network of cells, known as the memory engram. Fear is widely used as a model to understand the circuit motifs that underpin associative memories. Recent advances suggest that the distinct circuitry engaged by different conditioned stimuli (e.g. tone vs. context) can provide insights into what information is being encoded in the fear engram. Moreover, as the fear memory matures, the circuitry engaged indicates how information is remodelled after learning and hints at potential mechanisms for consolidation. Finally, we propose that the consolidation of fear memories involves plasticity of engram cells through coordinated activity between brain regions, and the inherent characteristics of the circuitry may mediate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Kenna
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Roger Marek
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Pankaj Sah
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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49
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Ratigan HC, Krishnan S, Smith S, Sheffield MEJ. Direct Thalamic Inputs to Hippocampal CA1 Transmit a Signal That Suppresses Ongoing Contextual Fear Memory Retrieval. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2729263. [PMID: 37034716 PMCID: PMC10081386 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2729263/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Memory retrieval of fearful experiences is essential for survival but can be maladaptive if not appropriately suppressed. Fear memories can be acquired through contextual fear conditioning (CFC) which relies on the hippocampus. The thalamic subregion Nucleus Reuniens (NR) is necessary for contextual fear extinction and strongly projects to hippocampal subregion CA1. However, the NR-CA1 pathway has not been investigated during behavior, leaving unknown its role in contextual fear memory retrieval. We implement a novel head-restrained virtual reality CFC paradigm and show that inactivation of the NR-CA1 pathway prolongs fearful freezing epochs, induces fear generalization, and delays extinction. We use in vivo sub-cellular imaging to specifically record NR-axons innervating CA1 before and after CFC. We find NR-axons become selectively tuned to freezing only after CFC, and this activity is well-predicted by an encoding model. We conclude that the NR-CA1 pathway actively suppresses fear responses by disrupting ongoing hippocampal-dependent contextual fear memory retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C. Ratigan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
| | - Seetha Krishnan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
| | - Shai Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
| | - Mark E. J. Sheffield
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
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50
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Ratigan HC, Krishnan S, Smith S, Sheffield MEJ. Direct Thalamic Inputs to Hippocampal CA1 Transmit a Signal That Suppresses Ongoing Contextual Fear Memory Retrieval. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.27.534420. [PMID: 37034812 PMCID: PMC10081195 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.27.534420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Memory retrieval of fearful experiences is essential for survival but can be maladaptive if not appropriately suppressed. Fear memories can be acquired through contextual fear conditioning (CFC) which relies on the hippocampus. The thalamic subregion Nucleus Reuniens (NR) is necessary for contextual fear extinction and strongly projects to hippocampal subregion CA1. However, the NR-CA1 pathway has not been investigated during behavior, leaving unknown its role in contextual fear memory retrieval. We implement a novel head-restrained virtual reality CFC paradigm and show that inactivation of the NR-CA1 pathway prolongs fearful freezing epochs, induces fear generalization, and delays extinction. We use in vivo sub-cellular imaging to specifically record NR-axons innervating CA1 before and after CFC. We find NR-axons become selectively tuned to freezing only after CFC, and this activity is well-predicted by an encoding model. We conclude that the NR-CA1 pathway actively suppresses fear responses by disrupting ongoing hippocampal-dependent contextual fear memory retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C. Ratigan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
| | - Seetha Krishnan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
| | - Shai Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
| | - Mark E. J. Sheffield
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
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