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Heinbockel H, Wagner AD, Schwabe L. Post-retrieval stress impairs subsequent memory depending on hippocampal memory trace reinstatement during reactivation. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadm7504. [PMID: 38691596 PMCID: PMC11062581 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm7504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Upon retrieval, memories can become susceptible to meaningful events, such as stress. Post-retrieval memory changes may be attributed to an alteration of the original memory trace during reactivation-dependent reconsolidation or, alternatively, to the modification of retrieval-related memory traces that impact future remembering. Hence, how post-retrieval memory changes emerge in the human brain is unknown. In a 3-day functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we show that post-retrieval stress impairs subsequent memory depending on the strength of neural reinstatement of the original memory trace during reactivation, driven by the hippocampus and its cross-talk with neocortical representation areas. Comparison of neural patterns during immediate and final memory testing further revealed that successful retrieval was linked to pattern-dissimilarity in controls, suggesting the use of a different trace, whereas stressed participants relied on the original memory representation. These representation changes were again dependent on neocortical reinstatement during reactivation. Our findings show disruptive stress effects on the consolidation of retrieval-related memory traces that support future remembering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Heinbockel
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anthony D. Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Building 420, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lars Schwabe
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Rutledge J, Lehallier B, Zarifkar P, Losada PM, Shahid-Besanti M, Western D, Gorijala P, Ryman S, Yutsis M, Deutsch GK, Mormino E, Trelle A, Wagner AD, Kerchner GA, Tian L, Cruchaga C, Henderson VW, Montine TJ, Borghammer P, Wyss-Coray T, Poston KL. Comprehensive proteomics of CSF, plasma, and urine identify DDC and other biomarkers of early Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:52. [PMID: 38467937 PMCID: PMC10927779 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) starts at the molecular and cellular level long before motor symptoms appear, yet there are no early-stage molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis prediction, or monitoring therapeutic response. This lack of biomarkers greatly impedes patient care and translational research-L-DOPA remains the standard of care more than 50 years after its introduction. Here, we performed a large-scale, multi-tissue, and multi-platform proteomics study to identify new biomarkers for early diagnosis and disease monitoring in PD. We analyzed 4877 cerebrospinal fluid, blood plasma, and urine samples from participants across seven cohorts using three orthogonal proteomics methods: Olink proximity extension assay, SomaScan aptamer precipitation assay, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry proteomics. We discovered that hundreds of proteins were upregulated in the CSF, blood, or urine of PD patients, prodromal PD patients with DAT deficit and REM sleep behavior disorder or anosmia, and non-manifesting genetic carriers of LRRK2 and GBA mutations. We nominate multiple novel hits across our analyses as promising markers of early PD, including DOPA decarboxylase (DDC), also known as L-aromatic acid decarboxylase (AADC), sulfatase-modifying factor 1 (SUMF1), dipeptidyl peptidase 2/7 (DPP7), glutamyl aminopeptidase (ENPEP), WAP four-disulfide core domain 2 (WFDC2), and others. DDC, which catalyzes the final step in dopamine synthesis, particularly stands out as a novel hit with a compelling mechanistic link to PD pathogenesis. DDC is consistently upregulated in the CSF and urine of treatment-naïve PD, prodromal PD, and GBA or LRRK2 carrier participants by all three proteomics methods. We show that CSF DDC levels correlate with clinical symptom severity in treatment-naïve PD patients and can be used to accurately diagnose PD and prodromal PD. This suggests that urine and CSF DDC could be a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker with utility in both clinical care and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarod Rutledge
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Benoit Lehallier
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pardis Zarifkar
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Patricia Moran Losada
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marian Shahid-Besanti
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dan Western
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Priyanka Gorijala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sephira Ryman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience, Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Maya Yutsis
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gayle K Deutsch
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Trelle
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Kerchner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Roche Medical, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Victor W Henderson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- The Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Kathleen L Poston
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- The Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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3
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Abiose O, Rutledge J, Moran‐Losada P, Belloy ME, Wilson EN, He Z, Trelle AN, Channappa D, Romero A, Park J, Yutsis MV, Sha SJ, Andreasson KI, Poston KL, Henderson VW, Wagner AD, Wyss‐Coray T, Mormino EC. Post-translational modifications linked to preclinical Alzheimer's disease-related pathological and cognitive changes. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1851-1867. [PMID: 38146099 PMCID: PMC10984434 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we leverage proteomic techniques to identify communities of proteins underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk among clinically unimpaired (CU) older adults. METHODS We constructed a protein co-expression network using 3869 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins quantified by SomaLogic, Inc., in a cohort of participants along the AD clinical spectrum. We then replicated this network in an independent cohort of CU older adults and related these modules to clinically-relevant outcomes. RESULTS We discovered modules enriched for phosphorylation and ubiquitination that were associated with abnormal amyloid status, as well as p-tau181 (M4: β = 2.44, p < 0.001, M7: β = 2.57, p < 0.001) and executive function performance (M4: β = -2.00, p = 0.005, M7: β = -2.39, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION In leveraging CSF proteomic data from individuals spanning the clinical spectrum of AD, we highlight the importance of post-translational modifications for early cognitive and pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olamide Abiose
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences InstituteStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jarod Rutledge
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain ResilienceStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Department of GeneticsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Patricia Moran‐Losada
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences InstituteStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain ResilienceStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael E. Belloy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Edward N. Wilson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences InstituteStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zihuai He
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics ResearchStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alexandra N. Trelle
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Divya Channappa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - America Romero
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jennifer Park
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Maya V. Yutsis
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sharon J. Sha
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Katrin I. Andreasson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences InstituteStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kathleen L. Poston
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences InstituteStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain ResilienceStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Victor W. Henderson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Epidemiology & Population HealthStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Anthony D. Wagner
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences InstituteStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PsychologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tony Wyss‐Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences InstituteStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain ResilienceStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Elizabeth C. Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences InstituteStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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4
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Oh HSH, Rutledge J, Nachun D, Pálovics R, Abiose O, Moran-Losada P, Channappa D, Urey DY, Kim K, Sung YJ, Wang L, Timsina J, Western D, Liu M, Kohlfeld P, Budde J, Wilson EN, Guen Y, Maurer TM, Haney M, Yang AC, He Z, Greicius MD, Andreasson KI, Sathyan S, Weiss EF, Milman S, Barzilai N, Cruchaga C, Wagner AD, Mormino E, Lehallier B, Henderson VW, Longo FM, Montgomery SB, Wyss-Coray T. Organ aging signatures in the plasma proteome track health and disease. Nature 2023; 624:164-172. [PMID: 38057571 PMCID: PMC10700136 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Animal studies show aging varies between individuals as well as between organs within an individual1-4, but whether this is true in humans and its effect on age-related diseases is unknown. We utilized levels of human blood plasma proteins originating from specific organs to measure organ-specific aging differences in living individuals. Using machine learning models, we analysed aging in 11 major organs and estimated organ age reproducibly in five independent cohorts encompassing 5,676 adults across the human lifespan. We discovered nearly 20% of the population show strongly accelerated age in one organ and 1.7% are multi-organ agers. Accelerated organ aging confers 20-50% higher mortality risk, and organ-specific diseases relate to faster aging of those organs. We find individuals with accelerated heart aging have a 250% increased heart failure risk and accelerated brain and vascular aging predict Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression independently from and as strongly as plasma pTau-181 (ref. 5), the current best blood-based biomarker for AD. Our models link vascular calcification, extracellular matrix alterations and synaptic protein shedding to early cognitive decline. We introduce a simple and interpretable method to study organ aging using plasma proteomics data, predicting diseases and aging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamilton Se-Hwee Oh
- Graduate Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jarod Rutledge
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Nachun
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Róbert Pálovics
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olamide Abiose
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Moran-Losada
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Divya Channappa
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Deniz Yagmur Urey
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kate Kim
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jigyasha Timsina
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dan Western
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Menghan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pat Kohlfeld
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Edward N Wilson
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yann Guen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Taylor M Maurer
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Haney
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew C Yang
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zihuai He
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katrin I Andreasson
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sanish Sathyan
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erica F Weiss
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benoit Lehallier
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Victor W Henderson
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Frank M Longo
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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5
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Chemparathy A, Guen YL, Zeng Y, Gorzynski J, Jensen T, Yang C, Kasireddy N, Talozzi L, Belloy ME, Stewart I, Gitler AD, Wagner AD, Mormino E, Henderson VW, Wyss-Coray T, Ashley E, Cruchaga C, Greicius MD. A 3'UTR Insertion Is a Candidate Causal Variant at the TMEM106B Locus Associated with Increased Risk for FTLD-TDP. medRxiv 2023:2023.07.06.23292312. [PMID: 37461476 PMCID: PMC10350161 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.06.23292312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Single nucleotide variants near TMEM106B associate with risk of frontotemporal lobar dementia with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but the causal variant at this locus remains unclear. Here we asked whether a novel structural variant on TMEM106B is the causal variant. Methods An exploratory analysis identified structural variants on neurodegeneration-related genes. Subsequent analyses focused on an Alu element insertion on the 3'UTR of TMEM106B. This study included data from longitudinal aging and neurogenerative disease cohorts at Stanford University, case-control cohorts in the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP), and expression and proteomics data from Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL). 432 individuals from two Stanford aging cohorts were whole-genome long-read and short-read sequenced. 16,906 samples from ADSP were short-read sequenced. Genotypes, transcriptomics, and proteomics data were available in 1,979 participants from an aging and dementia cohort at WUSTL. Selection criteria were specific to each cohort. In primary analyses, the linkage disequilibrium between the TMEM106B locus variants in the FTLD-TDP GWAS and the 3'UTR insertion was estimated. We then estimated linkage by ancestry in the ADSP and evaluated the effect of the TMEM106B lead variant on mRNA and protein levels. Results The primary analysis included 432 participants (52.5% females, age range 45-92 years old). We identified a 316 bp Alu insertion overlapping the TMEM106B 3'UTR tightly linked with top GWAS variants rs3173615(C) and rs1990622(A). In ADSP European-ancestry participants, this insertion is in equivalent linkage with rs1990622(A) (R2=0.962, D'=0.998) and rs3173615(C) (R2=0.960, D'=0.996). In African-ancestry participants, the insertion is in stronger linkage with rs1990622(A) (R2=0.992, D'=0.998) than with rs3173615(C) (R2=0.811, D'=0.994). In public datasets, rs1990622 was consistently associated with TMEM106B protein levels but not with mRNA expression. In the WUSTL dataset, rs1990622 is associated with TMEM106B protein levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, but not with TMEM106B mRNA expression. Discussion We identified a novel Alu element insertion in the 3'UTR of TMEM106B in tight linkage with the lead FTLD-TDP risk variant. The lead variant is associated with TMEM106B protein levels, but not expression. The 3'UTR insertion is a lead candidate for the causal variant at this complex locus, pending confirmation with functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Chemparathy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Yann Le Guen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - John Gorzynski
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Tanner Jensen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Chengran Yang
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nandita Kasireddy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Lia Talozzi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael E. Belloy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ilaria Stewart
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Aaron D. Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Anthony D. Wagner
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mormino
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Victor W. Henderson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Euan Ashley
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael D. Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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6
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Poker G, Oren N, Bezalel V, Abecasis D, Hendler T, Fried I, Wagner AD, Shapira-Lichter I. Neural evidence for advantaged representation of first items in memory. Neuroimage 2023; 277:120239. [PMID: 37348626 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual areas activated during perception can retain specific information held in memory without the presence of physical stimuli via distributed activity patterns. Neuroimaging studies have shown that the delay-period representation of information in visual areas is modulated by factors such as memory load and task demands, raising the possibility of serial position as another potential modulator. Specifically, enhanced representation of first items during the post-encoding delay period may serve as a mechanism underlying the well-established but not well-understood primacy effect - the mnemonic advantage of first items. To test this hypothesis, 13 males and 16 females performed a human fMRI task, wherein each trial consisted of the sequential encoding of two stimuli (a famous face and landscape, order counterbalanced), followed by a distracting task, a delay period, and then a cued recall of one of the items. Participants exhibited the expected behavioral primacy effect, manifested as faster recall of the first items. In order to elucidate the still debated neural underpinnings of this effect, using multivariate decoding, a classifier was trained on data collected during encoding to differentiate stimulus categories (i.e., faces vs. landscapes) and tested on data collected during the post-encoding period. Greater reactivation of first versus second items was observed in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex during the entire post-encoding period but not during encoding. Moreover, trial-level analyses revealed that the degree of first-item neural advantage during the post-encoding delay predicted the behavioral primacy effect. These findings highlight the role of item reinstatement in ventral occipito-temporal cortex in the primacy effect and are discussed in the context of the uniqueness of the very first item and event boundaries, illuminating putative neural mechanisms underlying the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Poker
- Functional MRI Center, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Noga Oren
- Functional MRI Center, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Vered Bezalel
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Donna Abecasis
- Functional MRI Center, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Talma Hendler
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itzhak Fried
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Irit Shapira-Lichter
- Functional MRI Center, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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7
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Huynh HH, Kuch K, Orquillas A, Forrest K, Barahona-Carrillo L, Keene D, Henderson VW, Wagner AD, Poston KL, Montine TJ, Lin A, Tian L, MacCoss MJ, Emrick MA, Hoofnagle AN. Metrologically Traceable Quantification of 3 Apolipoprotein E Isoforms in Cerebrospinal Fluid. Clin Chem 2023; 69:734-745. [PMID: 37279935 PMCID: PMC10320014 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND APOE genotype is associated with Alzheimer disease. Thus, the concentration of apolipoprotein E (apoE) isoforms in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) could be altered in dementia. However, conflicting results have been obtained in different studies. Carefully validated and standardized assays could improve the interpretation of research findings, allow their replication in other laboratories, and generalize their application. METHODS To evaluate this hypothesis, we aimed to develop, validate, and standardize a new measurement procedure using LC-MS/MS. Purified recombinant apoE protein standards (E2, E3, E4) were thoroughly characterized and used to assign the concentration of a matrix-matched calibration material that contained each apoE isoform, which ensured the metrological traceability of results. RESULTS The assay of each isoform in human CSF was precise (≤11%CV) and of moderate throughput (approximately 80 samples per day). It demonstrated good linearity and parallelism for lumbar CSF, ventricular CSF, and bovine CSF. The use of an SI-traceable matrix-matched calibrator enabled precise and accurate measurements. There was no association observed between total apoE concentration and the number of Ɛ4 alleles in a cohort of 322 participants. However, the concentration of each isoform was significantly different in heterozygotes, with E4 > E3 > E2. Isoform concentrations were associated with cognitive and motor symptoms but contributed negligibly to a predictive model of cognitive impairment that included established CSF biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Our method simultaneously measures each apoE isoform in human CSF with excellent precision and accuracy. A secondary matrix-matched material has been developed and is available to other laboratories to improve interlaboratory agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Hien Huynh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kellie Kuch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Allen Orquillas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Katrina Forrest
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lili Barahona-Carrillo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Victor W Henderson
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen L Poston
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amy Lin
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael J MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Michelle A Emrick
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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8
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Fernandez C, Jiang J, Wang SF, Choi HL, Wagner AD. Representational integration and differentiation in the human hippocampus following goal-directed navigation. eLife 2023; 12:80281. [PMID: 36786678 PMCID: PMC9928422 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As we learn, dynamic memory processes build structured knowledge across our experiences. Such knowledge enables the formation of internal models of the world that we use to plan, make decisions, and act. Recent theorizing posits that mnemonic mechanisms of differentiation and integration - which at one level may seem to be at odds - both contribute to the emergence of structured knowledge. We tested this possibility using fMRI as human participants learned to navigate within local and global virtual environments over the course of 3 days. Pattern similarity analyses on entorhinal cortical and hippocampal patterns revealed evidence that differentiation and integration work concurrently to build local and global environmental representations, and that variability in integration relates to differences in navigation efficiency. These results offer new insights into the neural machinery and the underlying mechanisms that translate experiences into structured knowledge that allows us to navigate to achieve goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Fernandez
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States,Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Jiefeng Jiang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Shao-Fang Wang
- Department of Psychology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Hannah Lee Choi
- Department of Psychology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States,Department of Psychology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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9
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Piehl N, van Olst L, Ramakrishnan A, Teregulova V, Simonton B, Zhang Z, Tapp E, Channappa D, Oh H, Losada PM, Rutledge J, Trelle AN, Mormino EC, Elahi F, Galasko DR, Henderson VW, Wagner AD, Wyss-Coray T, Gate D. Cerebrospinal fluid immune dysregulation during healthy brain aging and cognitive impairment. Cell 2022; 185:5028-5039.e13. [PMID: 36516855 PMCID: PMC9815831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains a tightly regulated immune system. However, knowledge is lacking about how CSF immunity is altered with aging or neurodegenerative disease. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on CSF from 45 cognitively normal subjects ranging from 54 to 82 years old. We uncovered an upregulation of lipid transport genes in monocytes with age. We then compared this cohort with 14 cognitively impaired subjects. In cognitively impaired subjects, downregulation of lipid transport genes in monocytes occurred concomitantly with altered cytokine signaling to CD8 T cells. Clonal CD8 T effector memory cells upregulated C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) in cognitively impaired subjects. The CXCR6 ligand, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16), was elevated in the CSF of cognitively impaired subjects, suggesting CXCL16-CXCR6 signaling as a mechanism for antigen-specific T cell entry into the brain. Cumulatively, these results reveal cerebrospinal fluid immune dysregulation during healthy brain aging and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Piehl
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lynn van Olst
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abhirami Ramakrishnan
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victoria Teregulova
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brooke Simonton
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emma Tapp
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Divya Channappa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hamilton Oh
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Graduate Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patricia M Losada
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jarod Rutledge
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth C Mormino
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fanny Elahi
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Douglas R Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victor W Henderson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; The Phil and Penny Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Gate
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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10
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Wilson EN, Young CB, Benitez JAR, Vandijck M, Swarovski MS, Shahid M, Corso N, Kennedy G, Trelle AN, Channappa D, Belnap M, Lind B, Bastard NL, Quinn JF, Nairn AC, Kerchner GA, Sha S, Wagner AD, Henderson V, Longo FM, Wyss‐Coray T, Poston KL, Mormino EC, Andreasson KI. Diagnostic and Prognostic Performance of the Modified Lumipulse pTau 181 Assay in Plasma for Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.060879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marian Shahid
- Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Betty Lind
- Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR USA
| | | | - Joseph F Quinn
- Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR USA
- VA Portland Health Care System Portland OR USA
| | | | | | - Sharon Sha
- Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
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11
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Tran TT, Trelle AN, Hunt M, Guo W, Nadiadwala A, Wilson EN, Deutsch G, Sha S, Andreasson KI, Carr VA, Kerchner GA, Mormino EC, Wagner AD. Hippocampal CA1 volume is associated with higher p‐tau and diminished memory performance in normal older adults. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.066360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sharon Sha
- Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | | | | | - Geoffrey A. Kerchner
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel Switzerland
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12
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Trelle AN, Tran TT, Wilson EN, Deutsch G, Sha S, Andreasson KI, Carr VA, Kerchner GA, Mormino EC, Wagner AD. Multi‐modal biomarkers improve prediction of memory function in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.067012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sharon Sha
- Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
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13
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Choi EY, Tian L, Su JH, Radovan MT, Tourdias T, Tran TT, Trelle AN, Mormino E, Wagner AD, Rutt BK. Thalamic nuclei atrophy at high and heterogenous rates during cognitively unimpaired human aging. Neuroimage 2022; 262:119584. [PMID: 36007822 PMCID: PMC9787236 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The thalamus is a central integration structure in the brain, receiving and distributing information among the cerebral cortex, subcortical structures, and the peripheral nervous system. Prior studies clearly show that the thalamus atrophies in cognitively unimpaired aging. However, the thalamus is comprised of multiple nuclei involved in a wide range of functions, and the age-related atrophy of individual thalamic nuclei remains unknown. Using a recently developed automated method of identifying thalamic nuclei (3T or 7T MRI with white-matter-nulled MPRAGE contrast and THOMAS segmentation) and a cross-sectional design, we evaluated the age-related atrophy rate for 10 thalamic nuclei (AV, CM, VA, VLA, VLP, VPL, pulvinar, LGN, MGN, MD) and an epithalamic nucleus (habenula). We also used T1-weighted images with the FreeSurfer SAMSEG segmentation method to identify and measure age-related atrophy for 11 extra-thalamic structures (cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, cerebellar cortex, cerebellar white matter, amygdala, hippocampus, caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, pallidum, and lateral ventricle). In 198 cognitively unimpaired participants with ages spanning 20-88 years, we found that the whole thalamus atrophied at a rate of 0.45% per year, and that thalamic nuclei had widely varying age-related atrophy rates, ranging from 0.06% to 1.18% per year. A functional grouping analysis revealed that the thalamic nuclei involved in cognitive (AV, MD; 0.53% atrophy per year), visual (LGN, pulvinar; 0.62% atrophy per year), and auditory/vestibular (MGN; 0.64% atrophy per year) functions atrophied at significantly higher rates than those involved in motor (VA, VLA, VLP, and CM; 0.37% atrophy per year) and somatosensory (VPL; 0.32% atrophy per year) functions. A proximity-to-CSF analysis showed that the group of thalamic nuclei situated immediately adjacent to CSF atrophied at a significantly greater atrophy rate (0.59% atrophy per year) than that of the group of nuclei located farther from CSF (0.36% atrophy per year), supporting a growing hypothesis that CSF-mediated factors contribute to neurodegeneration. We did not find any significant hemispheric differences in these rates of change for thalamic nuclei. Only the CM thalamic nucleus showed a sex-specific difference in atrophy rates, atrophying at a greater rate in male versus female participants. Roughly half of the thalamic nuclei showed greater atrophy than all extra-thalamic structures examined (0% to 0.54% per year). These results show the value of white-matter-nulled MPRAGE imaging and THOMAS segmentation for measuring distinct thalamic nuclei and for characterizing the high and heterogeneous atrophy rates of the thalamus and its nuclei across the adult lifespan. Collectively, these methods and results advance our understanding of the role of thalamic substructures in neurocognitive and disease-related changes that occur with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, MC5327, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, 1265 Welch Road, MC5464, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jason H. Su
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, MC5488, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 350 Jane Stanford Way, MC9505, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew T. Radovan
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, 353 Jane Stanford Way, MC9025, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Tourdias
- Department of Neuroradiology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France,INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Tammy T. Tran
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Building 420, MC2130, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexandra N. Trelle
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Building 420, MC2130, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford, University, 300 Pasteur Drive, MC5235, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anthony D. Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Building 420, MC2130, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian K. Rutt
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, MC5488, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Corresponding author. (B.K. Rutt)
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14
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Wilson EN, Young CB, Ramos Benitez J, Swarovski MS, Feinstein I, Vandijck M, Le Guen Y, Kasireddy NM, Shahid M, Corso NK, Wang Q, Kennedy G, Trelle AN, Lind B, Channappa D, Belnap M, Ramirez V, Skylar-Scott I, Younes K, Yutsis MV, Le Bastard N, Quinn JF, van Dyck CH, Nairn A, Fredericks CA, Tian L, Kerchner GA, Montine TJ, Sha SJ, Davidzon G, Henderson VW, Longo FM, Greicius MD, Wagner AD, Wyss-Coray T, Poston KL, Mormino EC, Andreasson KI. Performance of a fully-automated Lumipulse plasma phospho-tau181 assay for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:172. [PMID: 36371232 PMCID: PMC9652927 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent promise of disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has reinforced the need for accurate biomarkers for early disease detection, diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Advances in the development of novel blood-based biomarkers for AD have revealed that plasma levels of tau phosphorylated at various residues are specific and sensitive to AD dementia. However, the currently available tests have shortcomings in access, throughput, and scalability that limit widespread implementation. METHODS We evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic performance of a high-throughput and fully-automated Lumipulse plasma p-tau181 assay for the detection of AD. Plasma from older clinically unimpaired individuals (CU, n = 463) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 107) or AD dementia (n = 78) were obtained from the longitudinal Stanford University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) and the Stanford Aging and Memory Study (SAMS) cohorts. We evaluated the discriminative accuracy of plasma p-tau181 for clinical AD diagnosis, association with amyloid β peptides and p-tau181 concentrations in CSF, association with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), and ability to predict longitudinal cognitive and functional change. RESULTS The assay showed robust performance in differentiating AD from control participants (AUC 0.959, CI: 0.912 to 0.990), and was strongly associated with CSF p-tau181, CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, and amyloid-PET global SUVRs. Associations between plasma p-tau181 with CSF biomarkers were significant when examined separately in Aβ+ and Aβ- groups. Plasma p-tau181 significantly increased over time in CU and AD diagnostic groups. After controlling for clinical diagnosis, age, sex, and education, baseline plasma p-tau181 predicted change in MoCA overall and change in CDR Sum of Boxes in the AD group over follow-up of up to 5 years. CONCLUSIONS This fully-automated and available blood-based biomarker assay therefore may be useful for early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward N. Wilson
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Christina B. Young
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Javier Ramos Benitez
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Michelle S. Swarovski
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Igor Feinstein
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | | | - Yann Le Guen
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Nandita M. Kasireddy
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Marian Shahid
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Nicole K. Corso
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Qian Wang
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Gabriel Kennedy
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Alexandra N. Trelle
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Betty Lind
- grid.410404.50000 0001 0165 2383Neurology, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR USA ,grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Divya Channappa
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Malia Belnap
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Veronica Ramirez
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Irina Skylar-Scott
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Kyan Younes
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Maya V. Yutsis
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | | | - Joseph F. Quinn
- grid.410404.50000 0001 0165 2383Neurology, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR USA ,grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | | | - Angus Nairn
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Carolyn A. Fredericks
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Lu Tian
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Kerchner
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Thomas J. Montine
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Sharon J. Sha
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Guido Davidzon
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Victor W. Henderson
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Frank M. Longo
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Michael D. Greicius
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Anthony D. Wagner
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Kathleen L. Poston
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Mormino
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Katrin I. Andreasson
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.499295.a0000 0004 9234 0175Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
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15
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Madore KP, Wagner AD. Readiness to remember: predicting variability in episodic memory. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:707-723. [PMID: 35786366 PMCID: PMC9622362 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Learning and remembering are fundamental to our lives, so what causes us to forget? Answers often highlight preparatory processes that precede learning, as well as mnemonic processes during the act of encoding or retrieval. Importantly, evidence now indicates that preparatory processes that precede retrieval attempts also have powerful influences on memory success or failure. Here, we review recent work from neuroimaging, electroencephalography, pupillometry, and behavioral science to propose an integrative framework of retrieval-period dynamics that explains variance in remembering in the moment and across individuals as a function of interactions among preparatory attention, goal coding, and mnemonic processes. Extending this approach, we consider how a 'readiness to remember' (R2R) framework explains variance in high-level functions of memory and mnemonic disruptions in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Madore
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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16
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Koessler T, Alsina M, Arnold D, Ben-Aharon I, Collienne M, Lutz MP, Neuzillet C, Obermannova R, Peeters M, Sclafani F, Smyth E, Valle JW, Wagner AD, Wyrwicz L, Fontana E, Moehler M. ESMO Congress 2021: highlights from the EORTC gastrointestinal tract cancer group's perspective. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100392. [PMID: 35180656 PMCID: PMC8857487 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been no major change of practice in gastrointestinal oncology at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) symposium 2021, but confirmation that immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy has become standard of care in several indications. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Gastrointestinal Track Cancer Group has selected important phase II and III trials presented during the symposium across all gastrointestinal cancers as well as early reports on new drugs or new combinations that may change practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Koessler
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), University of Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - M Alsina
- Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Medical Oncology Department, Pamplona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Arnold
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Palliative Care, Asklepios Klinik Altona, Asklepios Tumorzentrum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - I Ben-Aharon
- Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - M Collienne
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Palliative Care, Asklepios Klinik Altona, Asklepios Tumorzentrum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M P Lutz
- Caritasklinikum, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - C Neuzillet
- GI Oncology, Medical Oncology Department, Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Versailles Saint Quentin University, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - R Obermannova
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Peeters
- Department of Oncology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - F Sclafani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet-Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Smyth
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - J W Valle
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - A D Wagner
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Wyrwicz
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Fontana
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, London, UK
| | - M Moehler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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17
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Bramão I, Jiang J, Wagner AD, Johansson M. Encoding contexts are incidentally reinstated during competitive retrieval and track the temporal dynamics of memory interference. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5020-5035. [PMID: 35106538 PMCID: PMC9667177 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to remember an episode from our past is often hindered by competition from similar events. For example, if we want to remember the article a colleague recommended during the last lab meeting, we may need to resolve interference from other article recommendations from the same colleague. This study investigates if the contextual features specifying the encoding episodes are incidentally reinstated during competitive memory retrieval. Competition between memories was created through the AB/AC interference paradigm. Individual word-pairs were presented embedded in a slowly drifting real-word-like context. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) of high temporal-resolution electroencephalographic (EEG) data was used to investigate context reactivation during memory retrieval. Behaviorally, we observed proactive (but not retroactive) interference; that is, performance for AC competitive retrieval was worse compared with a control DE noncompetitive retrieval, whereas AB retrieval did not suffer from competition. Neurally, proactive interference was accompanied by an early reinstatement of the competitor context and interference resolution was associated with the ensuing reinstatement of the target context. Together, these findings provide novel evidence showing that the encoding contexts of competing discrete events are incidentally reinstated during competitive retrieval and that such reinstatement tracks retrieval competition and subsequent interference resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Bramão
- Address correspondence to Inês Bramão, Department of Psychology, Lund University, Box 213, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden.
| | - Jiefeng Jiang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa 52242-1407, USA
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA,Department of Psychology, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
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18
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Mormino EC, Trelle AN, Hunt M, Tran T, Carr VA, Toueg T, Deutsch G, Harrison M, Sha S, Rutt BS, Kerchner GA, Wagner AD. Cortical reinstatement in the visual associative memory network is compromised by early tau in normal older adults. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.055788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Bonnen T, Yamins DLK, Wagner AD. When the ventral visual stream is not enough: A deep learning account of medial temporal lobe involvement in perception. Neuron 2021; 109:2755-2766.e6. [PMID: 34265252 PMCID: PMC10870832 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The medial temporal lobe (MTL) supports a constellation of memory-related behaviors. Its involvement in perceptual processing, however, has been subject to enduring debate. This debate centers on perirhinal cortex (PRC), an MTL structure at the apex of the ventral visual stream (VVS). Here we leverage a deep learning framework that approximates visual behaviors supported by the VVS (i.e., lacking PRC). We first apply this approach retroactively, modeling 30 published visual discrimination experiments: excluding non-diagnostic stimulus sets, there is a striking correspondence between VVS-modeled and PRC-lesioned behavior, while each is outperformed by PRC-intact participants. We corroborate and extend these results with a novel experiment, directly comparing PRC-intact human performance to electrophysiological recordings from the macaque VVS: PRC-intact participants outperform a linear readout of high-level visual cortex. By situating lesion, electrophysiological, and behavioral results within a shared computational framework, this work resolves decades of seemingly inconsistent findings surrounding PRC involvement in perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Bonnen
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel L K Yamins
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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20
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Trelle AN, Carr VA, Wilson EN, Swarovski MS, Hunt MP, Toueg TN, Tran TT, Channappa D, Corso NK, Thieu MK, Jayakumar M, Nadiadwala A, Guo W, Tanner NJ, Bernstein JD, Litovsky CP, Guerin SA, Khazenzon AM, Harrison MB, Rutt BK, Deutsch GK, Chin FT, Davidzon GA, Hall JN, Sha SJ, Fredericks CA, Andreasson KI, Kerchner GA, Wagner AD, Mormino EC. Association of CSF Biomarkers With Hippocampal-Dependent Memory in Preclinical Alzheimer Disease. Neurology 2021; 96:e1470-e1481. [PMID: 33408146 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether memory tasks with demonstrated sensitivity to hippocampal function can detect variance related to preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarkers, we examined associations between performance in 3 memory tasks and CSF β-amyloid (Aβ)42/Aβ40 and phosopho-tau181 (p-tau181) in cognitively unimpaired older adults (CU). METHODS CU enrolled in the Stanford Aging and Memory Study (n = 153; age 68.78 ± 5.81 years; 94 female) completed a lumbar puncture and memory assessments. CSF Aβ42, Aβ40, and p-tau181 were measured with the automated Lumipulse G system in a single-batch analysis. Episodic memory was assayed using a standardized delayed recall composite, paired associate (word-picture) cued recall, and a mnemonic discrimination task that involves discrimination between studied "target" objects, novel "foil" objects, and perceptually similar "lure" objects. Analyses examined cross-sectional relationships among memory performance, age, and CSF measures, controlling for sex and education. RESULTS Age and lower Aβ42/Aβ40 were independently associated with elevated p-tau181. Age, Aβ42/Aβ40, and p-tau181 were each associated with (1) poorer associative memory and (2) diminished improvement in mnemonic discrimination performance across levels of decreased task difficulty (i.e., target-lure similarity). P-tau mediated the effect of Aβ42/Aβ40 on memory. Relationships between CSF proteins and delayed recall were similar but nonsignificant. CSF Aβ42 was not significantly associated with p-tau181 or memory. CONCLUSIONS Tests designed to tax hippocampal function are sensitive to subtle individual differences in memory among CU and correlate with early AD-associated biomarker changes in CSF. These tests may offer utility for identifying CU with preclinical AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Trelle
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA.
| | - Valerie A Carr
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Edward N Wilson
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Michelle S Swarovski
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Madison P Hunt
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Tyler N Toueg
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Tammy T Tran
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Divya Channappa
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Nicole K Corso
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Monica K Thieu
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Manasi Jayakumar
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Ayesha Nadiadwala
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Wanjia Guo
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Natalie J Tanner
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Jeffrey D Bernstein
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Celia P Litovsky
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Scott A Guerin
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Anna M Khazenzon
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Marc B Harrison
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Brian K Rutt
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Gayle K Deutsch
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Frederick T Chin
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Guido A Davidzon
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Jacob N Hall
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Sharon J Sha
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Carolyn A Fredericks
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Katrin I Andreasson
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Geoffrey A Kerchner
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
| | - Elizabeth C Mormino
- From the Department of Psychology (A.N.T., V.A.C., M.P.H., T.T.T., M.K.T., M.J., W.G., N.J.T., J.D.B., C.P.L., S.A.G., A.M.K., M.B.H., A.D.W.), Stanford University; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.N.W., M.S.S., T.N.T., D.C., N.K.C., A.N., G.K.D., J.N.H., S.J.S., C.A.F., K.I.A., G.A.K., E.C.M.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Radiology (B.K.R., F.T.C., G.A.D.), Stanford Medical School, CA
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21
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Madore KP, Khazenzon AM, Backes CW, Jiang J, Uncapher MR, Norcia AM, Wagner AD. Memory failure predicted by attention lapsing and media multitasking. Nature 2020; 587:87-91. [PMID: 33116309 PMCID: PMC7644608 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
With the explosion of digital media and technologies, scholars, educators and the public have become increasingly vocal about the role that an 'attention economy' has in our lives1. The rise of the current digital culture coincides with longstanding scientific questions about why humans sometimes remember and sometimes forget, and why some individuals remember better than others2-6. Here we examine whether spontaneous attention lapses-in the moment7-12, across individuals13-15 and as a function of everyday media multitasking16-19-negatively correlate with remembering. Electroencephalography and pupillometry measures of attention20,21 were recorded as eighty young adults (mean age, 21.7 years) performed a goal-directed episodic encoding and retrieval task22. Trait-level sustained attention was further quantified using task-based23 and questionnaire measures24,25. Using trial-to-trial retrieval data, we show that tonic lapses in attention in the moment before remembering, assayed by posterior alpha power and pupil diameter, were correlated with reductions in neural signals of goal coding and memory, along with behavioural forgetting. Independent measures of trait-level attention lapsing mediated the relationship between neural assays of lapsing and memory performance, and between media multitasking and memory. Attention lapses partially account for why we remember or forget in the moment, and why some individuals remember better than others. Heavier media multitasking is associated with a propensity to have attention lapses and forget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Madore
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Anna M Khazenzon
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cameron W Backes
- Symbolic Systems Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jiefeng Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Melina R Uncapher
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Neuroscape, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anthony M Norcia
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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22
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Gagnon SA, Waskom ML, Brown TI, Wagner AD. Stress Impairs Episodic Retrieval by Disrupting Hippocampal and Cortical Mechanisms of Remembering. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:2947-2964. [PMID: 30060134 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of science investigating the neural underpinnings of episodic memory retrieval, a critical question remains: how does stress influence remembering and the neural mechanisms of recollection in humans? Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and multivariate pattern analyses to examine the effects of acute stress during retrieval. We report that stress reduced the probability of recollecting the details of past experience, and that this impairment was driven, in part, by a disruption of the relationship between hippocampal activation, cortical reinstatement, and memory performance. Moreover, even memories expressed with high confidence were less accurate under stress, and this stress-induced decline in accuracy was explained by reduced posterior hippocampal engagement despite similar levels of category-level cortical reinstatement. Finally, stress degraded the relationship between the engagement of frontoparietal control networks and retrieval decision uncertainty. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the widespread consequences of acute stress on the neural systems of remembering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael L Waskom
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thackery I Brown
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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23
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Trelle AN, Carr VA, Guerin SA, Thieu MK, Jayakumar M, Guo W, Nadiadwala A, Corso NK, Hunt MP, Litovsky CP, Tanner NJ, Deutsch GK, Bernstein JD, Harrison MB, Khazenzon AM, Jiang J, Sha SJ, Fredericks CA, Rutt BK, Mormino EC, Kerchner GA, Wagner AD. Hippocampal and cortical mechanisms at retrieval explain variability in episodic remembering in older adults. eLife 2020; 9:55335. [PMID: 32469308 PMCID: PMC7259949 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related episodic memory decline is characterized by striking heterogeneity across individuals. Hippocampal pattern completion is a fundamental process supporting episodic memory. Yet, the degree to which this mechanism is impaired with age, and contributes to variability in episodic memory, remains unclear. We combine univariate and multivariate analyses of fMRI data from a large cohort of cognitively normal older adults (N=100) to measure hippocampal activity and cortical reinstatement during retrieval of trial-unique associations. Trial-wise analyses revealed that (a) hippocampal activity scaled with reinstatement strength, (b) cortical reinstatement partially mediated the relationship between hippocampal activity and associative retrieval, (c) older age weakened cortical reinstatement and its relationship to memory behaviour. Moreover, individual differences in the strength of hippocampal activity and cortical reinstatement explained unique variance in performance across multiple assays of episodic memory. These results indicate that fMRI indices of hippocampal pattern completion explain within- and across-individual memory variability in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerie A Carr
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Scott A Guerin
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Monica K Thieu
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Manasi Jayakumar
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Wanjia Guo
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Ayesha Nadiadwala
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Nicole K Corso
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Madison P Hunt
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Celia P Litovsky
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Natalie J Tanner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Gayle K Deutsch
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | | | - Marc B Harrison
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Anna M Khazenzon
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Jiefeng Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Sharon J Sha
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Carolyn A Fredericks
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Brian K Rutt
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Mormino
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Geoffrey A Kerchner
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
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24
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Jiang J, Wang SF, Guo W, Fernandez C, Wagner AD. Prefrontal reinstatement of contextual task demand is predicted by separable hippocampal patterns. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2053. [PMID: 32345979 PMCID: PMC7188806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Goal-directed behavior requires the representation of a task-set that defines the task-relevance of stimuli and guides stimulus-action mappings. Past experience provides one source of knowledge about likely task demands in the present, with learning enabling future predictions about anticipated demands. We examine whether spatial contexts serve to cue retrieval of associated task demands (e.g., context A and B probabilistically cue retrieval of task demands X and Y, respectively), and the role of the hippocampus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in mediating such retrieval. Using 3D virtual environments, we induce context-task demand probabilistic associations and find that learned associations affect goal-directed behavior. Concurrent fMRI data reveal that, upon entering a context, differences between hippocampal representations of contexts (i.e., neural pattern separability) predict proactive retrieval of the probabilistically dominant associated task demand, which is reinstated in dlPFC. These findings reveal how hippocampal-prefrontal interactions support memory-guided cognitive control and adaptive behavior. Spatial contexts are often predictive of the tasks to be performed in them (e.g., a kitchen predicts cooking). Here the authors show that the retrieval of task demand when encountering a spatial context depends on hippocampal-prefrontal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Shao-Fang Wang
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Wanjia Guo
- Psychology Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97401, USA
| | - Corey Fernandez
- Neuroscience Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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25
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Brown TI, Gagnon SA, Wagner AD. Stress Disrupts Human Hippocampal-Prefrontal Function during Prospective Spatial Navigation and Hinders Flexible Behavior. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1821-1833.e8. [PMID: 32243859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to anticipate and flexibly plan for the future is critical for achieving goal-directed outcomes. Extant data suggest that neural and cognitive stress mechanisms may disrupt memory retrieval and restrict prospective planning, with deleterious impacts on behavior. Here, we examined whether and how acute psychological stress influences goal-directed navigational planning and efficient, flexible behavior. Our methods combined fMRI, neuroendocrinology, and machine learning with a virtual navigation planning task. Human participants were trained to navigate familiar paths in virtual environments and then (concurrent with fMRI) performed a planning and navigation task that could be most efficiently solved by taking novel shortcut paths. Strikingly, relative to non-stressed control participants, participants who performed the planning task under experimentally induced acute psychological stress demonstrated (1) disrupted neural activity critical for mnemonic retrieval and mental simulation and (2) reduced traversal of shortcuts and greater reliance on familiar paths. These neural and behavioral changes under psychological stress were tied to evidence for disrupted neural replay of memory for future locations in the spatial environment, providing mechanistic insight into why and how stress can alter planning and foster inefficient behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thackery I Brown
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | | | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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26
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Gate D, Saligrama N, Leventhal O, Yang AC, Unger MS, Middeldorp J, Chen K, Lehallier B, Channappa D, De Los Santos MB, McBride A, Pluvinage J, Elahi F, Tam GKY, Kim Y, Greicius M, Wagner AD, Aigner L, Galasko DR, Davis MM, Wyss-Coray T. Clonally expanded CD8 T cells patrol the cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease. Nature 2020; 577:399-404. [PMID: 31915375 PMCID: PMC7445078 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder in which neuroinflammation has a critical function1. However, little is known about the contribution of the adaptive immune response in Alzheimer's disease2. Here, using integrated analyses of multiple cohorts, we identify peripheral and central adaptive immune changes in Alzheimer's disease. First, we performed mass cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and discovered an immune signature of Alzheimer's disease that consists of increased numbers of CD8+ T effector memory CD45RA+ (TEMRA) cells. In a second cohort, we found that CD8+ TEMRA cells were negatively associated with cognition. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that T cell receptor (TCR) signalling was enhanced in these cells. Notably, by using several strategies of single-cell TCR sequencing in a third cohort, we discovered clonally expanded CD8+ TEMRA cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we used machine learning, cloning and peptide screens to demonstrate the specificity of clonally expanded TCRs in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease to two separate Epstein-Barr virus antigens. These results reveal an adaptive immune response in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease and provide evidence of clonal, antigen-experienced T cells patrolling the intrathecal space of brains affected by age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gate
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Naresha Saligrama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olivia Leventhal
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew C Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Unger
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benoit Lehallier
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Divya Channappa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark B De Los Santos
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alisha McBride
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - John Pluvinage
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fanny Elahi
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Grace Kyin-Ye Tam
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yongha Kim
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Douglas R Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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27
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Wagner AD, Oertelt-Prigione S, Adjei A, Buclin T, Cristina V, Csajka C, Coukos G, Dafni U, Dotto GP, Ducreux M, Fellay J, Haanen J, Hocquelet A, Klinge I, Lemmens V, Letsch A, Mauer M, Moehler M, Peters S, Özdemir BC. Gender medicine and oncology: report and consensus of an ESMO workshop. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1914-1924. [PMID: 31613312 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of sex and gender as modulators of disease biology and treatment outcomes is well known in other disciplines of medicine, such as cardiology, but remains an undervalued issue in oncology. Considering the increasing evidence for their relevance, European Society for Medical Oncology decided to address this topic and organized a multidisciplinary workshop in Lausanne, Switzerland, on 30 November and 1 December 2018. DESIGN Twenty invited faculty members and 40 selected physicians/scientists participated. Relevant content was presented by faculty members on the basis of a literature review conducted by each speaker. Following a moderated consensus session, the final consensus statements are reported here. RESULTS Clinically relevant sex differences include tumour biology, immune system activity, body composition and drug disposition and effects. The main differences between male and female cells are sex chromosomes and the level of sexual hormones they are exposed to. They influence both local and systemic determinants of carcinogenesis. Their effect on carcinogenesis in non-reproductive organs is largely unknown. Recent evidence also suggests differences in tumour biology and molecular markers. Regarding body composition, the difference in metabolically active, fat-free body mass is one of the most prominent: in a man and a woman of equal weight and height, it accounts for 80% of the man's and 65% of the woman's body mass, and is not taken into account in body-surface area based dosing of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Sex differences in cancer biology and treatment deserve more attention and systematic investigation. Interventional clinical trials evaluating sex-specific dosing regimens are necessary to improve the balance between efficacy and toxicity for drugs with significant pharmacokinetic differences. Especially in diseases or disease subgroups with significant differences in epidemiology or outcomes, men and women with non-sex-related cancers should be considered as biologically distinct groups of patients, for whom specific treatment approaches merit consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Wagner
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - S Oertelt-Prigione
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Adjei
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - T Buclin
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University, Lausanne
| | - V Cristina
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Csajka
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University, Lausanne; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Lausanne
| | - G Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Lausanne Branch and Swiss Cancer Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - U Dafni
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G-P Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - M Ducreux
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Unit, Gustave Roussy, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - J Fellay
- Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne; EPFL School of Life Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Haanen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Immunology, Department of Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Hocquelet
- Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Klinge
- Dutch Society for Gender and Health
| | - V Lemmens
- Department of Research and Development, Comprehensive Cancer Organisation the Netherlands, Utrecht; Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Centre University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Letsch
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charity CBF, Berlin; Charity Comprehensive Cancer Center CCCC, Berlin; Palliative Care Unit, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - M Moehler
- Department of Internal Medicine 1/Gastrointestinal Oncology, Johannes-Gutenberg-University Clinic, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Peters
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B C Özdemir
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Koran MEI, Davidzon G, Azevedo C, Toueg T, Nadiadwala A, Castillo JB, Hall JN, Sha S, Fredericks CA, Greicius MD, Wagner AD, Zaharchuk G, Chin FT, Mormino EC. P4-576: CONCORDANCE BETWEEN 18F-PI-2620 TAU PET/MRI IMAGING AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE AND OTHER TAUOPATHIES. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.08.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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La C, Linortner P, Bernstein JD, Ua Cruadhlaoich MAI, Fenesy M, Deutsch GK, Rutt BK, Tian L, Wagner AD, Zeineh M, Kerchner GA, Poston KL. Hippocampal CA1 subfield predicts episodic memory impairment in Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 23:101824. [PMID: 31054380 PMCID: PMC6500913 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease (PD) episodic memory impairments are common; however, it is not known whether these impairments are due to hippocampal pathology. Hippocampal Lewy-bodies emerge by Braak stage 4, but are not uniformly distributed. For instance, hippocampal CA1 Lewy-body pathology has been specifically associated with pre-mortem episodic memory performance in demented patients. By contrast, the dentate gyrus (DG) is relatively free of Lewy-body pathology. In this study, we used ultra-high field 7-Tesla to measure hippocampal subfields in vivo and determine if these measures predict episodic memory impairment in PD during life. METHODS We studied 29 participants with PD (age 65.5 ± 7.8 years; disease duration 4.5 ± 3.0 years) and 8 matched-healthy controls (age 67.9 ± 6.8 years), who completed comprehensive neuropsychological testing and MRI. With 7-Tesla MRI, we used validated segmentation techniques to estimate CA1 stratum pyramidale (CA1-SP) and stratum radiatum lacunosum moleculare (CA1-SRLM) thickness, dentate gyrus/CA3 (DG/CA3) area, and whole hippocampus area. We used linear regression, which included imaging and clinical measures (age, duration, education, gender, and CSF), to determine the best predictors of episodic memory impairment in PD. RESULTS In our cohort, 62.1% of participants with PD had normal cognition, 27.6% had mild cognitive impairment, and 10.3% had dementia. Using 7-Tesla MRI, we found that smaller CA1-SP thickness was significantly associated with poorer immediate memory, delayed memory, and delayed cued memory; by contrast, whole hippocampus area, DG/CA3 area, and CA1-SRLM thickness did not significantly predict memory. Age-adjusted linear regression models revealed that CA1-SP predicted immediate memory (beta[standard error]10.895[4.215], p < .05), delayed memory (12.740[5.014], p < .05), and delayed cued memory (12.801[3.991], p < .05). In the fully-adjusted models, which included all five clinical measures as covariates, only CA1-SP remained a significant predictor of delayed cued memory (13.436[4.651], p < .05). CONCLUSIONS In PD, we found hippocampal CA1-SP subfield thickness estimated on 7-Tesla MRI scans was the best predictor of episodic memory impairment, even when controlling for confounding clinical measures. Our results imply that ultra-high field imaging could be a sensitive measure to identify changes in hippocampal subfields and thus probe the neuroanatomical underpinnings of episodic memory impairments in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian La
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr. Room H3144, MC 5235, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Patricia Linortner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr. Room H3144, MC 5235, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D Bernstein
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr. Room H3144, MC 5235, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Matthew A I Ua Cruadhlaoich
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr. Room H3144, MC 5235, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Michelle Fenesy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr. Room H3144, MC 5235, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Gayle K Deutsch
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr. Room H3144, MC 5235, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Brian K Rutt
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road. Room PS-064, MC 5488, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, 150 Governor's Lane. Room T160C, MC 5464, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Jordan Hall. Bldg 420, MC 2130, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Michael Zeineh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road. Room PS-064, MC 5488, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey A Kerchner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr. Room H3144, MC 5235, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Kathleen L Poston
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr. Room H3144, MC 5235, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr. Room H3144, MC 5235, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America.
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Madore KP, Wagner AD. Multicosts of Multitasking. Cerebrum 2019; 2019:cer-04-19. [PMID: 32206165 PMCID: PMC7075496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
What happens to your brain when you multitask? Does your brain slow down? Do you feel increased levels of stress? Why are some people better at it than others? Our authors supply the answers to some of these questions and provide the latest on what happens to the brain when you try to handle more than one task at a time.
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van Kesteren MTR, Brown TI, Wagner AD. Learned Spatial Schemas and Prospective Hippocampal Activity Support Navigation After One-Shot Learning. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:486. [PMID: 30564110 PMCID: PMC6288548 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior knowledge structures (or schemas) confer multiple behavioral benefits. First, when we encounter information that fits with prior knowledge structures, this information is generally better learned and remembered. Second, prior knowledge can support prospective planning. In humans, memory enhancements related to prior knowledge have been suggested to be supported, in part, by computations in prefrontal and medial temporal lobe (MTL) cortex. Moreover, animal studies further implicate a role for the hippocampus in schema-based facilitation and in the emergence of prospective planning signals following new learning. To date, convergence across the schema-enhanced learning and memory literature may be constrained by the predominant use of hippocampally dependent spatial navigation paradigms in rodents, and non-spatial list-based learning paradigms in humans. Here, we targeted this missing link by examining the effects of prior knowledge on human navigational learning in a hippocampally dependent virtual navigation paradigm that closely relates to foundational studies in rodents. Outside the scanner, participants overlearned Old Paired Associates (OPA— item-location associations) in multiple spatial environments, and they subsequently learned New Paired Associates (NPA—new item-location associations) in the environments while undergoing fMRI. We hypothesized that greater OPA knowledge precision would positively affect NPA learning, and that the hippocampus would be instrumental in translating this new learning into prospective planning of navigational paths to NPA locations. Behavioral results revealed that OPA knowledge predicted one-shot learning of NPA locations, and neural results indicated that one-shot learning was predicted by the rapid emergence of performance-predictive prospective planning signals in hippocampus. Prospective memory relationships were not significant in parahippocampal cortex and were marginally dissociable from the primary hippocampal effect. Collectively, these results extend understanding of how schemas impact learning and performance, showing that the precision of prior spatial knowledge is important for future learning in humans, and that the hippocampus is involved in translating this knowledge into new goal-directed behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlieke T R van Kesteren
- Educational Neuroscience, Institute of Brain and Behaviour Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Thackery I Brown
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Santa Clara, CA, United States.,School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
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32
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Jiang J, Wagner AD, Egner T. Integrated externally and internally generated task predictions jointly guide cognitive control in prefrontal cortex. eLife 2018; 7:39497. [PMID: 30113310 PMCID: PMC6126922 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control proactively configures information processing to suit expected task demands. Predictions of forthcoming demand can be driven by explicit external cues or be generated internally, based on past experience (cognitive history). However, it is not known whether and how the brain reconciles these two sources of information to guide control. Pairing a probabilistic task-switching paradigm with computational modeling, we found that external and internally generated predictions jointly guide task preparation, with a bias for internal predictions. Using model-based neuroimaging, we then show that the two sources of task prediction are integrated in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and jointly inform a representation of the likelihood of a change in task demand, encoded in frontoparietal cortex. Upon task-stimulus onset, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex encoded the need for reactive task-set adjustment. These data reveal how the human brain integrates external cues and cognitive history to prepare for an upcoming task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Tobias Egner
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, United States.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, United States
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33
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Mormino EC, Nadiadwala A, Azevedo C, Guo W, Castillo JB, Hall JN, Trelle AN, Sha S, Jayakumar M, Tanner N, Harrison M, Deutsch G, Fredericks CA, Greicius MD, Srinivas SM, James ML, Zaharchuk G, Wagner AD, Chin FT. P4‐315: TAU PET IMAGING WITH
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F‐PI2620 IN AGING AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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34
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Brown TI, Rissman J, Chow TE, Uncapher MR, Wagner AD. Differential Medial Temporal Lobe and Parietal Cortical Contributions to Real-world Autobiographical Episodic and Autobiographical Semantic Memory. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6190. [PMID: 29670138 PMCID: PMC5906442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autobiographical remembering can depend on two forms of memory: episodic (event) memory and autobiographical semantic memory (remembering personally relevant semantic knowledge, independent of recalling a specific experience). There is debate about the degree to which the neural signals that support episodic recollection relate to or build upon autobiographical semantic remembering. Pooling data from two fMRI studies of memory for real-world personal events, we investigated whether medial temporal lobe (MTL) and parietal subregions contribute to autobiographical episodic and semantic remembering. During scanning, participants made memory judgments about photograph sequences depicting past events from their life or from others’ lives, and indicated whether memory was based on episodic or semantic knowledge. Results revealed several distinct functional patterns: activity in most MTL subregions was selectively associated with autobiographical episodic memory; the hippocampal tail, superior parietal lobule, and intraparietal sulcus were similarly engaged when memory was based on retrieval of an autobiographical episode or autobiographical semantic knowledge; and angular gyrus demonstrated a graded pattern, with activity declining from autobiographical recollection to autobiographical semantic remembering to correct rejections of novel events. Collectively, our data offer insights into MTL and parietal cortex functional organization, and elucidate circuitry that supports different forms of real-world autobiographical memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thackery I Brown
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
| | - Jesse Rissman
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tiffany E Chow
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Melina R Uncapher
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.,Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Abstract
Many decisions require a context-dependent mapping from sensory evidence to action. The capacity for flexible information processing of this sort is thought to depend on a cognitive control system in frontoparietal cortex, but the costs and limitations of control entail that its engagement should be minimized. Here, we show that humans reduce demands on control by exploiting statistical structure in their environment. Using a context-dependent perceptual discrimination task and model-based analyses of behavioral and neuroimaging data, we found that predictions about task context facilitated decision making and that a quantitative measure of context prediction error accounted for graded engagement of the frontoparietal control network. Within this network, multivariate analyses further showed that context prediction error enhanced the representation of task context. These results indicate that decision making is adaptively tuned by experience to minimize costs while maintaining flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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36
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Uncapher MR, Lin L, Rosen LD, Kirkorian HL, Baron NS, Bailey K, Cantor J, Strayer DL, Parsons TD, Wagner AD. Media Multitasking and Cognitive, Psychological, Neural, and Learning Differences. Pediatrics 2017; 140:S62-S66. [PMID: 29093034 PMCID: PMC5658797 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-1758d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
American youth spend more time with media than any other waking activity: an average of 7.5 hours per day, every day. On average, 29% of that time is spent juggling multiple media streams simultaneously (ie, media multitasking). This phenomenon is not limited to American youth but is paralleled across the globe. Given that a large number of media multitaskers (MMTs) are children and young adults whose brains are still developing, there is great urgency to understand the neurocognitive profiles of MMTs. It is critical to understand the relation between the relevant cognitive domains and underlying neural structure and function. Of equal importance is understanding the types of information processing that are necessary in 21st century learning environments. The present review surveys the growing body of evidence demonstrating that heavy MMTs show differences in cognition (eg, poorer memory), psychosocial behavior (eg, increased impulsivity), and neural structure (eg, reduced volume in anterior cingulate cortex). Furthermore, research indicates that multitasking with media during learning (in class or at home) can negatively affect academic outcomes. Until the direction of causality is understood (whether media multitasking causes such behavioral and neural differences or whether individuals with such differences tend to multitask with media more often), the data suggest that engagement with concurrent media streams should be thoughtfully considered. Findings from such research promise to inform policy and practice on an increasingly urgent societal issue while significantly advancing our understanding of the intersections between cognitive, psychosocial, neural, and academic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina R. Uncapher
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Lin Lin
- Departments of Learning Technologies and
| | - Larry D. Rosen
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California
| | | | - Naomi S. Baron
- Center for Teaching, Research, and Learning, American University, Washington, DC
| | - Kira Bailey
- Department of Psychology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio
| | - Joanne Cantor
- Communication Arts, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David L. Strayer
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | | | - Anthony D. Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Sacchet MD, Levy BJ, Hamilton JP, Maksimovskiy A, Hertel PT, Joormann J, Anderson MC, Wagner AD, Gotlib IH. Cognitive and neural consequences of memory suppression in major depressive disorder. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2017; 17:77-93. [PMID: 27649971 PMCID: PMC5272890 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-016-0464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Negative biases in cognition have been documented consistently in major depressive disorder (MDD), including difficulties in the ability to control the processing of negative material. Although negative information-processing biases have been studied using both behavioral and neuroimaging paradigms, relatively little research has been conducted examining the difficulties of depressed persons with inhibiting the retrieval of negative information from long-term memory. In this study, we used the think/no-think paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the cognitive and neural consequences of memory suppression in individuals diagnosed with depression and in healthy controls. The participants showed typical behavioral forgetting effects, but contrary to our hypotheses, there were no differences between the depressed and nondepressed participants or between neutral and negative memories. Relative to controls, depressed individuals exhibited greater activity in right middle frontal gyrus during memory suppression, regardless of the valence of the suppressed stimuli, and differential activity in the amygdala and hippocampus during memory suppression involving negatively valenced stimuli. These findings indicate that depressed individuals are characterized by neural anomalies during the suppression of long-term memories, increasing our understanding of the brain bases of negative cognitive biases in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Sacchet
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Jordan Hall, Building 01-420, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress-Related Disorders (TRACTS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Benjamin J Levy
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress-Related Disorders (TRACTS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Paul Hamilton
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress-Related Disorders (TRACTS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Arkadiy Maksimovskiy
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress-Related Disorders (TRACTS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paula T Hertel
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress-Related Disorders (TRACTS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress-Related Disorders (TRACTS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael C Anderson
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress-Related Disorders (TRACTS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Jordan Hall, Building 01-420, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress-Related Disorders (TRACTS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Jordan Hall, Building 01-420, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress-Related Disorders (TRACTS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Psychologists interested in the workings of the mind may wonder whether brain-imaging data can provide insight regarding cognitive mechanisms. Here we consider one means through which imaging can inform cognitive theory: reverse inference, wherein activations in well-characterized neural structures serve as markers for the engagement of particular cognitive processes. To illustrate this approach, we review brain-imaging evidence regarding the organization of cognitive and linguistic processes in the prefrontal cortex, which indicates that phonological (speech-sound-based) and semantic (meaning-based) processing are consistently associated with topographically distinct patterns of activity in the left inferior prefrontal cortex. We then illustrate how this finding of regional differentiation has provided useful guidance for understanding the cognitive processes supporting memory encoding and retrieval. We conclude with caveats that highlight some of the limitations of the reverse-inference approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell A. Poldrack
- Department of Psychology and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Anthony D. Wagner
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences Program, Stanford University
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van Kesteren MTR, Brown TI, Wagner AD. Interactions between Memory and New Learning: Insights from fMRI Multivoxel Pattern Analysis. Front Syst Neurosci 2016; 10:46. [PMID: 27303274 PMCID: PMC4880566 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marlieke T R van Kesteren
- Department of Psychology, Stanford UniversityStanford, CA, USA; Section Educational Neuroscience, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
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Abstract
Accessing stored knowledge is a fundamental function of the cognitive and neural architectures of memory. Here, the authors review evidence from cognitive-behavioral paradigms, neuropsychological studies ofpatients with focal neural insult, and functional brain imaging concerning the mechanisms underlying retrieval ofsemantic knowledge and their association with prefrontal cortex. First, the authors examine behavioral and neuropsychological evidence distinguishing between controlled and automatic semantic retrieval. Then the authors review the subregions of prefrontal cortex that functional neuroimaging has associated with semantic retrieval across a range ofmemory demanding tasks. Finally, two hypotheses concerning the nature ofprocessing in these brain regions–the controlled semantic retrieval and selection hypotheses–are critically examined, and a possible synthesis is proposed.
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Gabrieli JD, Desmond JE, Demb JB, Wagner AD, Stone MV, Vaidya CJ, Glover GH. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Semantic Memory Processes in the Frontal Lobes. Psychol Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontal-lobe activation during semantic memory performance was examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a noninvasive technique for localizing neural activity associated with cognitive function Left inferior prefrontal cortex was more activated for semantic than for perceptual encoding of words, and for initial than for repeated semantic encoding of words Decreased activation for semantic encoding of repeated words reflects repetition priming, that is, implicit retrieval of memory gained in the initial semantic encoding of a word The left inferior prefrontal region may subserve semantic working memory processes that participate in semantic encoding and that have decreased demands when such encoding can be facilitated by recent semantic experience These results demonstrate that fMRI can visualize changes in an individual's brain function associated with the encoding and retrieval of new memories
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Abstract
Abstract
Extant neuroimaging data implicate frontoparietal and medial-temporal lobe regions in episodic retrieval, and the specific pattern of activity within and across these regions is diagnostic of an individual's subjective mnemonic experience. For example, in laboratory-based paradigms, memories for recently encoded faces can be accurately decoded from single-trial fMRI patterns [Uncapher, M. R., Boyd-Meredith, J. T., Chow, T. E., Rissman, J., & Wagner, A. D. Goal-directed modulation of neural memory patterns: Implications for fMRI-based memory detection. Journal of Neuroscience, 35, 8531–8545, 2015; Rissman, J., Greely, H. T., & Wagner, A. D. Detecting individual memories through the neural decoding of memory states and past experience. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 107, 9849–9854, 2010]. Here, we investigated the neural patterns underlying memory for real-world autobiographical events, probed at 1- to 3-week retention intervals as well as whether distinct patterns are associated with different subjective memory states. For 3 weeks, participants (n = 16) wore digital cameras that captured photographs of their daily activities. One week later, they were scanned while making memory judgments about sequences of photos depicting events from their own lives or events captured by the cameras of others. Whole-brain multivoxel pattern analysis achieved near-perfect accuracy at distinguishing correctly recognized events from correctly rejected novel events, and decoding performance did not significantly vary with retention interval. Multivoxel pattern classifiers also differentiated recollection from familiarity and reliably decoded the subjective strength of recollection, of familiarity, or of novelty. Classification-based brain maps revealed dissociable neural signatures of these mnemonic states, with activity patterns in hippocampus, medial PFC, and ventral parietal cortex being particularly diagnostic of recollection. Finally, a classifier trained on previously acquired laboratory-based memory data achieved reliable decoding of autobiographical memory states. We discuss the implications for neuroscientific accounts of episodic retrieval and comment on the potential forensic use of fMRI for probing experiential knowledge.
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Koeberle D, Dufour JF, Demeter G, Li Q, Ribi K, Samaras P, Saletti P, Roth AD, Horber D, Buehlmann M, Wagner AD, Montemurro M, Lakatos G, Feilchenfeldt J, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Rauch D, Tschanz B, Bodoky G. Sorafenib with or without everolimus in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): a randomized multicenter, multinational phase II trial (SAKK 77/08 and SASL 29). Ann Oncol 2016; 27:856-61. [PMID: 26884590 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorafenib (S), a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the standard of care for first-line systemic treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Everolimus (E) is a potent inhibitor of mTOR, a pathway frequently activated in HCC. Preclinical data suggest that the combination S + E has additive effects compared with single-agent S. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with unresectable or metastatic HCC and Child-Pugh ≤7 liver dysfunction were randomized to receive daily S 800 mg alone or with E 5 mg until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was progression-free survival at 12 weeks (PFS12). The secondary end points included response rate, PFS, time to progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), duration of disease stabilization (DDS), safety, and quality-of-life (QoL) assessments. RESULTS A total of 106 patients were randomized: 46 patients received S and 60 patients received S + E. Ninety-three patients were assessable for the primary end point and 105 patients for the safety analysis. The PFS12 rate was 70% [95% confidence interval (CI) 54-83] and 68% (95% CI 53-81) in patients randomized to S and S + E, respectively. The RECIST (mRECIST) response rate was 0% (23%) in the S arm and 10% (35%) in the S + E arm. Median PFS (6.6 versus 5.7 months), TTP (7.6 versus 6.3 months), DDS (6.7 versus 6.7 months), and OS (10 versus 12 months) were similar in the S and S + E arms, respectively. Grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 72% and 86% of patients in arm S and arm S + E, respectively. Patients had similar QoL scores over time, except for a greater worsening in physical well-being and mood in the arm S + E. CONCLUSIONS No evidence was found that S + E improves the efficacy compared with S alone. Combining 5 mg E with full-dose S is feasible, but more toxic than S alone. Further testing of this drug combination in molecularly unselected HCCs appears unwarranted. CLINICALTRIALSGOV NCT01005199.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Koeberle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen
| | - J-F Dufour
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Demeter
- Department of Medical Oncology, St László Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Q Li
- SAKK Coordinating Center, Berne
| | - K Ribi
- Quality of life Office, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern
| | - P Samaras
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich
| | - P Saletti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Oncologico della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona
| | - A D Roth
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva
| | - D Horber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen
| | - M Buehlmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Bern, Bern
| | - A D Wagner
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne
| | - M Montemurro
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne
| | - G Lakatos
- Department of Medical Oncology, St László Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Feilchenfeldt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital du Valais (RSV)-CHCVs, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Peck-Radosavljevic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Rauch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Spital STS AG, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - G Bodoky
- Department of Medical Oncology, St László Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony D. Wagner
- Department of Psychology
- Neurosciences Program; Stanford University; Stanford California
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Abstract
Environmental cues often remind us of earlier experiences by triggering the reactivation of memories of events past. Recent evidence suggests that memory reactivation can be observed using functional MRI and that distributed pattern analyses can even provide evidence of reactivation on individual trials. The ability to measure memory reactivation offers unique and powerful leverage on theoretical issues of long-standing interest in cognitive psychology, providing a means to address questions that have proven difficult to answer with behavioral data alone. In this article, we consider three instances. First, reactivation measures can indicate whether memory-based inferences (i.e., generalization) arise through the encoding of integrated cross-event representations or through the flexible expression of separable event memories. Second, online measures of memory reactivation may inform theories of forgetting by providing information about when competing memories are reactivated during competitive retrieval situations. Finally, neural reactivation may provide a window onto the role of replay in memory consolidation. The ability to track memory reactivation, including at the individual trial level, provides unique leverage that is not afforded by behavioral measures and thus promises to shed light on such varied topics as generalization, integration, forgetting, and consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University Neurosciences Program, Stanford University
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Chen J, Cook PA, Wagner AD. Prediction strength modulates responses in human area CA1 to sequence violations. J Neurophysiol 2015; 114:1227-38. [PMID: 26063773 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00149.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging human, animal, and computational evidence suggest that, within the hippocampus, stored memories are compared with current sensory input to compute novelty, i.e., detecting when inputs deviate from expectations. Hippocampal subfield CA1 is thought to detect mismatches between past and present, and detected novelty is thought to modulate encoding processes, providing a mechanism for gating the entry of information into memory. Using high-resolution functional MRI, we examined human hippocampal subfield and medial temporal lobe cortical activation during prediction violations within a sequence of events unfolding over time. Subjects encountered sequences of four visual stimuli that were then reencountered in the same temporal order (Repeat) or a rearranged order (Violation). Prediction strength was manipulated by varying whether the sequence was initially presented once (Weak) or thrice (Strong) prior to the critical Repeat or Violation sequence. Analyses of blood oxygen level-dependent signals revealed that task-responsive voxels in anatomically defined CA1, CA23/dentate gyrus, and perirhinal cortex were more active when expectations were violated than when confirmed. Additionally, stronger prediction violations elicited greater activity than weaker violations in CA1, and CA1 contained the greatest proportion of voxels displaying this prediction violation pattern relative to other medial temporal lobe regions. Finally, a memory test with a separate group of subjects showed that subsequent recognition memory was superior for items that had appeared in prediction violation trials than in prediction confirmation trials. These findings indicate that CA1 responds to temporal order prediction violations, and that this response is modulated by prediction strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Chen
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Paul A Cook
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Diciolla A, Cristina V, De Micheli R, Digklia A, Wagner AD. [News and perspectives in the treatment of advanced gastric and colorectal cancers]. Rev Med Suisse 2015; 11:1122-1126. [PMID: 26152087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal and gastric cancers are the fourth and third leading causes of cancer death world-wide. Unfortunately, gastric cancer is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage after becoming metastatic in distant sites, so that palliative therapy is the mainstay of treatment. Major progress in the understanding of the biology, the development of valid biomarkers and molecular targeted drugs have improved the treatment options and prognosis of both cancers significantly in the last years. Here, we review the current standards of care for patients with advanced and metastatic colorectal and gastric cancer and outline the perspectives for the future.
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Yushkevich PA, Amaral RSC, Augustinack JC, Bender AR, Bernstein JD, Boccardi M, Bocchetta M, Burggren AC, Carr VA, Chakravarty MM, Chételat G, Daugherty AM, Davachi L, Ding SL, Ekstrom A, Geerlings MI, Hassan A, Huang Y, Iglesias JE, La Joie R, Kerchner GA, LaRocque KF, Libby LA, Malykhin N, Mueller SG, Olsen RK, Palombo DJ, Parekh MB, Pluta JB, Preston AR, Pruessner JC, Ranganath C, Raz N, Schlichting ML, Schoemaker D, Singh S, Stark CEL, Suthana N, Tompary A, Turowski MM, Van Leemput K, Wagner AD, Wang L, Winterburn JL, Wisse LEM, Yassa MA, Zeineh MM. Quantitative comparison of 21 protocols for labeling hippocampal subfields and parahippocampal subregions in in vivo MRI: towards a harmonized segmentation protocol. Neuroimage 2015; 111:526-41. [PMID: 25596463 PMCID: PMC4387011 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An increasing number of human in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have focused on examining the structure and function of the subfields of the hippocampal formation (the dentate gyrus, CA fields 1-3, and the subiculum) and subregions of the parahippocampal gyrus (entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices). The ability to interpret the results of such studies and to relate them to each other would be improved if a common standard existed for labeling hippocampal subfields and parahippocampal subregions. Currently, research groups label different subsets of structures and use different rules, landmarks, and cues to define their anatomical extents. This paper characterizes, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the variability in the existing manual segmentation protocols for labeling hippocampal and parahippocampal substructures in MRI, with the goal of guiding subsequent work on developing a harmonized substructure segmentation protocol. METHOD MRI scans of a single healthy adult human subject were acquired both at 3 T and 7 T. Representatives from 21 research groups applied their respective manual segmentation protocols to the MRI modalities of their choice. The resulting set of 21 segmentations was analyzed in a common anatomical space to quantify similarity and identify areas of agreement. RESULTS The differences between the 21 protocols include the region within which segmentation is performed, the set of anatomical labels used, and the extents of specific anatomical labels. The greatest overall disagreement among the protocols is at the CA1/subiculum boundary, and disagreement across all structures is greatest in the anterior portion of the hippocampal formation relative to the body and tail. CONCLUSIONS The combined examination of the 21 protocols in the same dataset suggests possible strategies towards developing a harmonized subfield segmentation protocol and facilitates comparison between published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Yushkevich
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Robert S C Amaral
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Jean C Augustinack
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey D Bernstein
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA; Stanford Center for Memory Disorders, USA
| | - Marina Boccardi
- LENITEM (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine), IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Italy
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- LENITEM (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine), IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alison C Burggren
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Canada
| | - Gaël Chételat
- INSERM U1077, Universitè de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France
| | - Ana M Daugherty
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, USA; Psychology Department, Wayne State University, USA
| | - Lila Davachi
- Department of Psychology, New York University, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, USA
| | | | - Arne Ekstrom
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Mirjam I Geerlings
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Abdul Hassan
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Yushan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Eugenio Iglesias
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (BCBL), Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Renaud La Joie
- INSERM U1077, Universitè de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France
| | - Geoffrey A Kerchner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA; Stanford Center for Memory Disorders, USA
| | | | - Laura A Libby
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Nikolai Malykhin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susanne G Mueller
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center, USA
| | | | | | | | - John B Pluta
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alison R Preston
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA; Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Jens C Pruessner
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada; Department of Psychology, McGill University, Canada
| | - Charan Ranganath
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Naftali Raz
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, USA; Psychology Department, Wayne State University, USA
| | - Margaret L Schlichting
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA; Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Dorothee Schoemaker
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada; Department of Psychology, McGill University, Canada
| | - Sachi Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Craig E L Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Nanthia Suthana
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Marta M Turowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Koen Van Leemput
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, USA; Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Julie L Winterburn
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Laura E M Wisse
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, USA
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Li W, Ghose S, Gleason K, Begovic’ A, Perez J, Bartko J, Russo S, Wagner AD, Selemon L, Tamminga CA. Synaptic proteins in the hippocampus indicative of increased neuronal activity in CA3 in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2015; 172:373-82. [PMID: 25585032 PMCID: PMC4457341 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In schizophrenia, hippocampal perfusion is increased and declarative memory function is degraded. Based on an a priori model of hippocampal dysfunction in schizophrenic psychosis, the authors postulated molecular and cellular changes in CA3 consistent with increased NMDA receptor signaling. METHOD Postmortem hippocampal subfield tissue (CA3, CA1) from subjects with schizophrenia and nonpsychiatric comparison subjects was analyzed using Western blotting and Golgi histochemistry to examine the hypothesized outcomes. RESULTS The GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors (GluN2B/GluN1) and their associated postsynaptic membrane protein PSD95 were both increased in schizophrenia in CA3 tissue, but not in CA1 tissue. Quantitative analyses of Golgi-stained hippocampal neurons showed an increase in spine density on CA3 pyramidal cell apical dendrites (stratum radiatum) and an increase in the number of thorny excrescences. CONCLUSIONS The hippocampal data are consistent with increased excitatory signaling in CA3 and/or with an elevation in silent synapses in CA3, a state that may contribute to an increase in long-term potentiation in CA3 with subsequent stimulation and "unsilencing." These changes are plausibly associated with increased associational activity in CA3, with degraded declarative memory function, and with formation of false memories with psychotic content. The influence of these hyperactive hippocampal projections on targets in the limbic neocortex could contribute to components of schizophrenia manifestations in other cerebral regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Division of Translational Neuroscience in Schizophrenia, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Subroto Ghose
- Division of Translational Neuroscience in Schizophrenia, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Kelly Gleason
- Division of Translational Neuroscience in Schizophrenia, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Anita Begovic’
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Jessica Perez
- Division of Translational Neuroscience in Schizophrenia, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - John Bartko
- Division of Translational Neuroscience in Schizophrenia, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Scott Russo
- Neuroscience Department, Mount Sinai Medical School, NY NY 10029
| | - Anthony D. Wagner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Lynn Selemon
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Carol A. Tamminga
- Division of Translational Neuroscience in Schizophrenia, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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50
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Moosig F, Aries PM, de Groot K, Haubitz M, Hellmich B, Iking-Konert C, Wagner AD, Zänker M. [B-cell targeted therapy in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2014; 139:2248-53. [PMID: 25334077 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1387327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Moosig
- Klinik für Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Klinikum Bad Bramstedt
| | - P-M Aries
- Rheumatologie im Struenseehaus, Hamburg
| | - K de Groot
- Medizinische Klinik III Nieren-, Bluthochdruck- und Rheumaerkrankungen, Sana Klinikum und KfH Nierenzentrum Offenbach
| | - M Haubitz
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum Fulda
| | - B Hellmich
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Kreiskliniken Esslingen, Klinik Kirchheim
| | - C Iking-Konert
- III. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - A D Wagner
- Klinik für Nieren- und Hochdruckerkrankungen, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
| | - M Zänker
- Abteilung f. Innere Medizin (Nephrologie, Rheumatologie, Gastroenterologie), Immanuel Klinikum Bernau
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