1
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Teitgen AE, Hock MT, McCabe KJ, Childers MC, Huber GA, Marzban B, Beard DA, McCammon JA, Regnier M, McCulloch AD. Multiscale modeling shows how 2'-deoxy-ATP rescues ventricular function in heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322077121. [PMID: 39172779 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322077121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
2'-deoxy-ATP (dATP) improves cardiac function by increasing the rate of crossbridge cycling and Ca[Formula: see text] transient decay. However, the mechanisms of these effects and how therapeutic responses to dATP are achieved when dATP is only a small fraction of the total ATP pool remain poorly understood. Here, we used a multiscale computational modeling approach to analyze the mechanisms by which dATP improves ventricular function. We integrated atomistic simulations of prepowerstroke myosin and actomyosin association, filament-scale Markov state modeling of sarcomere mechanics, cell-scale analysis of myocyte Ca[Formula: see text] dynamics and contraction, organ-scale modeling of biventricular mechanoenergetics, and systems level modeling of circulatory dynamics. Molecular and Brownian dynamics simulations showed that dATP increases the actomyosin association rate by 1.9 fold. Markov state models predicted that dATP increases the pool of myosin heads available for crossbridge cycling, increasing steady-state force development at low dATP fractions by 1.3 fold due to mechanosensing and nearest-neighbor cooperativity. This was found to be the dominant mechanism by which small amounts of dATP can improve contractile function at myofilament to organ scales. Together with faster myocyte Ca[Formula: see text] handling, this led to improved ventricular contractility, especially in a failing heart model in which dATP increased ejection fraction by 16% and the energy efficiency of cardiac contraction by 1%. This work represents a complete multiscale model analysis of a small molecule myosin modulator from single molecule to organ system biophysics and elucidates how the molecular mechanisms of dATP may improve cardiovascular function in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Teitgen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Marcus T Hock
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Kimberly J McCabe
- Department of Computational Physiology, Simula Research Laboratory, Oslo 0164, Norway
| | - Matthew C Childers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Gary A Huber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Bahador Marzban
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Daniel A Beard
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - J Andrew McCammon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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2
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van den Berg M, Shi Z, Claassen WJ, Hooijman P, Lewis CTA, Andersen JL, van der Pijl RJ, Bogaards SJP, Conijn S, Peters EL, Begthel LPL, Uijterwijk B, Lindqvist J, Langlais PR, Girbes ARJ, Stapel S, Granzier H, Campbell KS, Ma W, Irving T, Hwee DT, Hartman JJ, Malik FI, Paul M, Beishuizen A, Ochala J, Heunks L, Ottenheijm CAC. Super-relaxed myosins contribute to respiratory muscle hibernation in mechanically ventilated patients. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadg3894. [PMID: 39083588 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) frequently develop contractile weakness of the diaphragm. Consequently, they may experience difficulty weaning from mechanical ventilation, which increases mortality and poses a high economic burden. Because of a lack of knowledge regarding the molecular changes in the diaphragm, no treatment is currently available to improve diaphragm contractility. We compared diaphragm biopsies from ventilated ICU patients (N = 54) to those of non-ICU patients undergoing thoracic surgery (N = 27). By integrating data from myofiber force measurements, x-ray diffraction experiments, and biochemical assays with clinical data, we found that in myofibers isolated from the diaphragm of ventilated ICU patients, myosin is trapped in an energy-sparing, super-relaxed state, which impairs the binding of myosin to actin during diaphragm contraction. Studies on quadriceps biopsies of ICU patients and on the diaphragm of previously healthy mechanically ventilated rats suggested that the super-relaxed myosins are specific to the diaphragm and not a result of critical illness. Exposing slow- and fast-twitch myofibers isolated from the diaphragm biopsies to small-molecule compounds activating troponin restored contractile force in vitro. These findings support the continued development of drugs that target sarcomere proteins to increase the calcium sensitivity of myofibers for the treatment of ICU-acquired diaphragm weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes van den Berg
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam 1081, HV, Netherlands
- Bispebjerg Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
| | - Zhonghua Shi
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam 1081, HV, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam 1081, HV, Netherlands
- Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Intensive Care Medicine, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wout J Claassen
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam 1081, HV, Netherlands
| | - Pleuni Hooijman
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam 1081, HV, Netherlands
| | - Christopher T A Lewis
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv 2760, Denmark
| | - Jesper L Andersen
- Bispebjerg Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
| | - Robbert J van der Pijl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721, USA
| | - Sylvia J P Bogaards
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam 1081, HV, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Conijn
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam 1081, HV, Netherlands
| | - Eva L Peters
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721, USA
| | - Leon P L Begthel
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam 1081, HV, Netherlands
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Bas Uijterwijk
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam 1081, HV, Netherlands
| | - Johan Lindqvist
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721, USA
| | - Paul R Langlais
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Armand R J Girbes
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam 1081, HV, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Stapel
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam 1081, HV, Netherlands
| | - Henk Granzier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kenneth S Campbell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Weikang Ma
- BioCAT, Illinois Institute of Technology, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Thomas Irving
- BioCAT, Illinois Institute of Technology, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Darren T Hwee
- Research and Early Development, Cytokinetics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - James J Hartman
- Research and Early Development, Cytokinetics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Fady I Malik
- Research and Early Development, Cytokinetics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Marinus Paul
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam 1081, HV, Netherlands
| | - Albertus Beishuizen
- Medisch Spectrum Twente, Intensive Care Center, Enschede 7511, HN, Netherlands
| | - Julien Ochala
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Leo Heunks
- Radboud UMC, Department of Intensive Care, Nijmegen 6525, GA, Netherlands
| | - Coen A C Ottenheijm
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam 1081, HV, Netherlands
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721, USA
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3
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Irving M. Functional control of myosin motors in the cardiac cycle. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-01063-5. [PMID: 39030271 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Contraction of the heart is driven by cyclical interactions between myosin and actin filaments powered by ATP hydrolysis. The modular structure of heart muscle and the organ-level synchrony of the heartbeat ensure tight reciprocal coupling between this myosin ATPase cycle and the macroscopic cardiac cycle. The myosin motors respond to the cyclical activation of the actin and myosin filaments to drive the pressure changes that control the inflow and outflow valves of the heart chambers. Opening and closing of the valves in turn switches the myosin motors between roughly isometric and roughly isotonic contraction modes. Peak filament stress in the heart is much smaller than in fully activated skeletal muscle, although the myosin filaments in the two muscle types have the same number of myosin motors. Calculations indicate that only ~5% of the myosin motors in the heart are needed to generate peak systolic pressure, although many more motors are needed to drive ejection. Tight regulation of the number of active motors is essential for the efficient functioning of the healthy heart - this control is commonly disrupted by gene variants associated with inherited heart disease, and its restoration might be a useful end point in the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Irving
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and BHF Centre for Research Excellence, King's College London, London, UK.
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4
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Bruns H, Czajka TS, Sztucki M, Brandenburg S, Salditt T. Sarcomere, troponin, and myosin X-ray diffraction signals can be resolved in single cardiomyocytes. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00439-9. [PMID: 38956875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac function relies on the autonomous molecular contraction mechanisms in the ventricular wall. Contraction is driven by ordered motor proteins acting in parallel to generate a macroscopic force. The averaged structure can be investigated by diffraction from model tissues such as trabecular and papillary cardiac muscle using collimated synchrotron beams, offering high resolution in reciprocal space. In the ventricular wall, however, the muscle tissue is compartmentalized into smaller branched cardiomyocytes, with a higher degree of disorder. We show that X-ray diffraction is now also capable of resolving the structural organization of actomyosin in single isolated cardiomyocytes of the ventricular wall. In addition to the hexagonal arrangement of thick and thin filaments, the diffraction signal of the hydrated and fixated cardiomyocytes was sufficient to reveal the myosin motor repeat (M3), the troponin complex repeat (Tn), and the sarcomere length. The sarcomere length signal comprised up to 13 diffraction orders, which were used to compute the sarcomere density profile based on Fourier synthesis. The Tn and M3 spacings were found in the same range as previously reported for other muscle types. The approach opens up a pathway to record the structural dynamics of living cells during the contraction cycle, toward a more complete understanding of cardiac muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Sztucki
- ESRF - European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Sören Brandenburg
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Salditt
- Institute for X-ray Physics, Göttingen, Germany.
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5
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Zhao J, Qi L, Yuan S, Irving TC, Ma W. Differences in thick filament activation in fast rodent skeletal muscle and slow porcine cardiac muscle. J Physiol 2024; 602:2751-2762. [PMID: 38695322 PMCID: PMC11178443 DOI: 10.1113/jp286072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation that regulation of muscle contraction requires both thin filament and thick filament activation in order to fully activate the sarcomere. The prevailing mechano-sensing model for thick filament activation was derived from experiments on fast-twitch muscle. We address the question whether, or to what extent, this mechanism can be extrapolated to the slow muscle in the hearts of large mammals, including humans. We investigated the similarities and differences in structural signatures of thick filament activation in porcine myocardium as compared to fast rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) skeletal muscle under relaxed conditions and sub-maximal contraction using small angle X-ray diffraction. Thick and thin filaments were found to adopt different structural configurations under relaxing conditions, and myosin heads showed different changes in configuration upon sub-maximal activation, when comparing the two muscle types. Titin was found to have an X-ray diffraction signature distinct from those of the overall thick filament backbone, and its spacing change appeared to be positively correlated to the force exerted on the thick filament. Structural changes in fast EDL muscle were found to be consistent with the mechano-sensing model. In porcine myocardium, however, the structural basis of mechano-sensing is blunted suggesting the need for additional activation mechanism(s) in slow cardiac muscle. These differences in thick filament regulation can be related to their different physiological roles where fast muscle is optimized for rapid, burst-like, contractions, and the slow cardiac muscle in large mammalian hearts adopts a more finely tuned, graded response to allow for their substantial functional reserve. KEY POINTS: Both thin filament and thick filament activation are required to fully activate the sarcomere. Thick and thin filaments adopt different structural configurations under relaxing conditions, and myosin heads show different changes in configuration upon sub-maximal activation in fast extensor digitorum longus muscle and slow porcine cardiac muscle. Titin has an X-ray diffraction signature distinct from those of the overall thick filament backbone and this titin reflection spacing change appeared to be directly proportional to the force exerted on the thick filament. Mechano-sensing is blunted in porcine myocardium suggesting the need for additional activation mechanism(s) in slow cardiac muscle. Fast skeletal muscle is optimized for rapid, burst-like contractions, and the slow cardiac muscle in large mammalian hearts adopts a more finely tuned graded response to allow for their substantial functional reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shengyao Yuan
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas C Irving
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research and Instrumentation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Weikang Ma
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research and Instrumentation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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6
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Lewalle A, Milburn G, Campbell KS, Niederer SA. Cardiac length-dependent activation driven by force-dependent thick-filament dynamics. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00352-7. [PMID: 38807364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The length-dependent activation (LDA) of maximum force and calcium sensitivity are established features of cardiac muscle contraction but the dominant underlying mechanisms remain to be fully clarified. Alongside the well-documented regulation of contraction via the thin filaments, experiments have identified an additional force-dependent thick-filament activation, whereby myosin heads parked in a so-called off state become available to generate force. This process produces a feedback effect that may potentially drive LDA. Using biomechanical modeling of a human left-ventricular myocyte, this study investigates the extent to which the off-state dynamics could, by itself, plausibly account for LDA, depending on the specific mathematical formulation of the feedback. We hypothesized four different models of the off-state regulatory feedback based on (A) total force, (B) active force, (C) sarcomere strain, and (D) passive force. We tested if these models could reproduce the isometric steady-state and dynamic LDA features predicted by an earlier published model of a human left-ventricle myocyte featuring purely phenomenological length dependences. The results suggest that only total-force feedback (A) is capable of reproducing the expected behaviors, but that passive tension could provide a length-dependent signal on which to initiate the feedback. Furthermore, by attributing LDA to off-state dynamics, our proposed model also qualitatively reproduces experimentally observed effects of the off-state-stabilizing drug mavacamten. Taken together, these results support off-state dynamics as a plausible primary mechanism underlying LDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lewalle
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Gregory Milburn
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Kenneth S Campbell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Steven A Niederer
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Hessel AL, Kuehn MN, Han SW, Ma W, Irving TC, Momb BA, Song T, Sadayappan S, Linke WA, Palmer BM. Fast myosin binding protein C knockout in skeletal muscle alters length-dependent activation and myofilament structure. Commun Biol 2024; 7:648. [PMID: 38802450 PMCID: PMC11130249 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In striated muscle, the sarcomeric protein myosin-binding protein-C (MyBP-C) is bound to the myosin thick filament and is predicted to stabilize myosin heads in a docked position against the thick filament, which limits crossbridge formation. Here, we use the homozygous Mybpc2 knockout (C2-/-) mouse line to remove the fast-isoform MyBP-C from fast skeletal muscle and then conduct mechanical functional studies in parallel with small-angle X-ray diffraction to evaluate the myofilament structure. We report that C2-/- fibers present deficits in force production and calcium sensitivity. Structurally, passive C2-/- fibers present altered sarcomere length-independent and -dependent regulation of myosin head conformations, with a shift of myosin heads towards actin. At shorter sarcomere lengths, the thin filament is axially extended in C2-/-, which we hypothesize is due to increased numbers of low-level crossbridges. These findings provide testable mechanisms to explain the etiology of debilitating diseases associated with MyBP-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Hessel
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Michel N Kuehn
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Seong-Won Han
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Weikang Ma
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA
| | - Thomas C Irving
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA
| | - Brent A Momb
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Taejeong Song
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Bradley M Palmer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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8
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Lewis CTA, Melhedegaard EG, Ognjanovic MM, Olsen MS, Laitila J, Seaborne RAE, Gronset M, Zhang C, Iwamoto H, Hessel AL, Kuehn MN, Merino C, Amigo N, Frobert O, Giroud S, Staples JF, Goropashnaya AV, Fedorov VB, Barnes B, Toien O, Drew K, Sprenger RJ, Ochala J. Remodeling of skeletal muscle myosin metabolic states in hibernating mammals. eLife 2024; 13:RP94616. [PMID: 38752835 PMCID: PMC11098559 DOI: 10.7554/elife.94616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hibernation is a period of metabolic suppression utilized by many small and large mammal species to survive during winter periods. As the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood, our study aimed to determine whether skeletal muscle myosin and its metabolic efficiency undergo alterations during hibernation to optimize energy utilization. We isolated muscle fibers from small hibernators, Ictidomys tridecemlineatus and Eliomys quercinus and larger hibernators, Ursus arctos and Ursus americanus. We then conducted loaded Mant-ATP chase experiments alongside X-ray diffraction to measure resting myosin dynamics and its ATP demand. In parallel, we performed multiple proteomics analyses. Our results showed a preservation of myosin structure in U. arctos and U. americanus during hibernation, whilst in I. tridecemlineatus and E. quercinus, changes in myosin metabolic states during torpor unexpectedly led to higher levels in energy expenditure of type II, fast-twitch muscle fibers at ambient lab temperatures (20 °C). Upon repeating loaded Mant-ATP chase experiments at 8 °C (near the body temperature of torpid animals), we found that myosin ATP consumption in type II muscle fibers was reduced by 77-107% during torpor compared to active periods. Additionally, we observed Myh2 hyper-phosphorylation during torpor in I. tridecemilineatus, which was predicted to stabilize the myosin molecule. This may act as a potential molecular mechanism mitigating myosin-associated increases in skeletal muscle energy expenditure during periods of torpor in response to cold exposure. Altogether, we demonstrate that resting myosin is altered in hibernating mammals, contributing to significant changes to the ATP consumption of skeletal muscle. Additionally, we observe that it is further altered in response to cold exposure and highlight myosin as a potentially contributor to skeletal muscle non-shivering thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marija M Ognjanovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mathilde S Olsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jenni Laitila
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Robert AE Seaborne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Magnus Gronset
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Changxin Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Hiroyuki Iwamoto
- Spring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research InstituteHyogoJapan
| | - Anthony L Hessel
- Institute of Physiology II, University of MuensterMuensterGermany
- Accelerated Muscle Biotechnologies ConsultantsBostonUnited States
| | - Michel N Kuehn
- Institute of Physiology II, University of MuensterMuensterGermany
- Accelerated Muscle Biotechnologies ConsultantsBostonUnited States
| | | | | | - Ole Frobert
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Faculty of Health, Department of Cardiology, Örebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Sylvain Giroud
- Energetics Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan UniversityMarquetteUnited States
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - James F Staples
- Department of Biology, University of Western OntarioLondonCanada
| | - Anna V Goropashnaya
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksUnited States
| | - Vadim B Fedorov
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksUnited States
| | - Brian Barnes
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksUnited States
| | - Oivind Toien
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksUnited States
| | - Kelly Drew
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksUnited States
| | - Ryan J Sprenger
- Department of Zoology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Julien Ochala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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9
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Solaro RJ, Goldspink PH, Wolska BM. Emerging Concepts of Mechanisms Controlling Cardiac Tension: Focus on Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) and Sarcomere-Directed Therapies. Biomedicines 2024; 12:999. [PMID: 38790961 PMCID: PMC11117855 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel therapies for the treatment of familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are lacking. Shaping research directions to clinical needs is critical. Triggers for the progression of the disorder commonly occur due to specific gene variants that affect the production of sarcomeric/cytoskeletal proteins. Generally, these variants cause a decrease in tension by the myofilaments, resulting in signaling abnormalities within the micro-environment, which over time result in structural and functional maladaptations, leading to heart failure (HF). Current concepts support the hypothesis that the mutant sarcomere proteins induce a causal depression in the tension-time integral (TTI) of linear preparations of cardiac muscle. However, molecular mechanisms underlying tension generation particularly concerning mutant proteins and their impact on sarcomere molecular signaling are currently controversial. Thus, there is a need for clarification as to how mutant proteins affect sarcomere molecular signaling in the etiology and progression of DCM. A main topic in this controversy is the control of the number of tension-generating myosin heads reacting with the thin filament. One line of investigation proposes that this number is determined by changes in the ratio of myosin heads in a sequestered super-relaxed state (SRX) or in a disordered relaxed state (DRX) poised for force generation upon the Ca2+ activation of the thin filament. Contrasting evidence from nanometer-micrometer-scale X-ray diffraction in intact trabeculae indicates that the SRX/DRX states may have a lesser role. Instead, the proposal is that myosin heads are in a basal OFF state in relaxation then transfer to an ON state through a mechano-sensing mechanism induced during early thin filament activation and increasing thick filament strain. Recent evidence about the modulation of these mechanisms by protein phosphorylation has also introduced a need for reconsidering the control of tension. We discuss these mechanisms that lead to different ideas related to how tension is disturbed by levels of mutant sarcomere proteins linked to the expression of gene variants in the complex landscape of DCM. Resolving the various mechanisms and incorporating them into a unified concept is crucial for gaining a comprehensive understanding of DCM. This deeper understanding is not only important for diagnosis and treatment strategies with small molecules, but also for understanding the reciprocal signaling processes that occur between cardiac myocytes and their micro-environment. By unraveling these complexities, we can pave the way for improved therapeutic interventions for managing DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. John Solaro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.H.G.); (B.M.W.)
| | - Paul H. Goldspink
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.H.G.); (B.M.W.)
| | - Beata M. Wolska
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.H.G.); (B.M.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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10
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Hoh JFY. Developmental, Physiological and Phylogenetic Perspectives on the Expression and Regulation of Myosin Heavy Chains in Craniofacial Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4546. [PMID: 38674131 PMCID: PMC11050549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review deals with the developmental origins of extraocular, jaw and laryngeal muscles, the expression, regulation and functional significance of sarcomeric myosin heavy chains (MyHCs) that they express and changes in MyHC expression during phylogeny. Myogenic progenitors from the mesoderm in the prechordal plate and branchial arches specify craniofacial muscle allotypes with different repertoires for MyHC expression. To cope with very complex eye movements, extraocular muscles (EOMs) express 11 MyHCs, ranging from the superfast extraocular MyHC to the slowest, non-muscle MyHC IIB (nmMyH IIB). They have distinct global and orbital layers, singly- and multiply-innervated fibres, longitudinal MyHC variations, and palisade endings that mediate axon reflexes. Jaw-closing muscles express the high-force masticatory MyHC and cardiac or limb MyHCs depending on the appropriateness for the acquisition and mastication of food. Laryngeal muscles express extraocular and limb muscle MyHCs but shift toward expressing slower MyHCs in large animals. During postnatal development, MyHC expression of craniofacial muscles is subject to neural and hormonal modulation. The primary and secondary myotubes of developing EOMs are postulated to induce, via different retrogradely transported neurotrophins, the rich diversity of neural impulse patterns that regulate the specific MyHCs that they express. Thyroid hormone shifts MyHC 2A toward 2B in jaw muscles, laryngeal muscles and possibly extraocular muscles. This review highlights the fact that the pattern of myosin expression in mammalian craniofacial muscles is principally influenced by the complex interplay of cell lineages, neural impulse patterns, thyroid and other hormones, functional demands and body mass. In these respects, craniofacial muscles are similar to limb muscles, but they differ radically in the types of cell lineage and the nature of their functional demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Foon Yoong Hoh
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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11
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Schuftan D, Kooh YKG, Guo J, Sun Y, Aryan L, Stottlemire B, Berkland C, Genin GM, Huebsch N. Dynamic control of contractile resistance to iPSC-derived micro-heart muscle arrays. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:534-548. [PMID: 37952251 PMCID: PMC10922390 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Many types of cardiovascular disease are linked to the mechanical forces placed on the heart. However, our understanding of how mechanical forces exactly affect the cellular biology of the heart remains incomplete. In vitro models based on cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CM) enable researchers to develop medium to high-throughput systems to study cardiac mechanobiology at the cellular level. Previous models have been developed to enable the study of mechanical forces, such as cardiac afterload. However, most of these models require exogenous extracellular matrix (ECM) to form cardiac tissues. Recently, a system was developed to simulate changes in afterload by grafting ECM-free micro-heart muscle arrays to elastomeric substrates of discrete stiffnesses. In the present study, we extended this system by combining the elastomer-grafted tissue arrays with a magnetorheological elastomeric substrate. This system allows iPSC-CM based micro-heart muscle arrays to experience dynamic changes in contractile resistance to mimic dynamically altered afterload. Acute changes in substrate stiffness led to acute changes in the calcium dynamics and contractile forces, illustrating the system's ability to dynamically elicit changes in tissue mechanics by dynamically changing contractile resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schuftan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yasaman Kargar Gaz Kooh
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jingxuan Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yuwen Sun
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lavanya Aryan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bryce Stottlemire
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Guy M. Genin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nathaniel Huebsch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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12
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Hessel AL, Engels NM, Kuehn MN, Nissen D, Sadler RL, Ma W, Irving TC, Linke WA, Harris SP. Myosin-binding protein C regulates the sarcomere lattice and stabilizes the OFF states of myosin heads. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2628. [PMID: 38521794 PMCID: PMC10960836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle contraction is produced via the interaction of myofilaments and is regulated so that muscle performance matches demand. Myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C) is a long and flexible protein that is tightly bound to the thick filament at its C-terminal end (MyBP-CC8C10), but may be loosely bound at its middle- and N-terminal end (MyBP-CC1C7) to myosin heads and/or the thin filament. MyBP-C is thought to control muscle contraction via the regulation of myosin motors, as mutations lead to debilitating disease. We use a combination of mechanics and small-angle X-ray diffraction to study the immediate and selective removal of the MyBP-CC1C7 domains of fast MyBP-C in permeabilized skeletal muscle. We show that cleavage leads to alterations in crossbridge kinetics and passive structural signatures of myofilaments that are indicative of a shift of myosin heads towards the ON state, highlighting the importance of MyBP-CC1C7 to myofilament force production and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Hessel
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
- Accelerated Muscle Biotechnologies Consultants, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nichlas M Engels
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michel N Kuehn
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Accelerated Muscle Biotechnologies Consultants, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Devin Nissen
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rachel L Sadler
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Weikang Ma
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas C Irving
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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13
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Jin C, Chen G, Chen S, Zhao C, Wu Y, Song L, Zhao T, Xie Y, Ma H, Xiang M. First-phase ejection fraction to predict adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2024; 399:131612. [PMID: 38042416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First-phase ejection fraction (EF1) is a novel measurement of early left ventricular systolic dysfunction. We investigate its prognostic value in patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with HF were prospectively enrolled from July 2019 to September 2021. A total of 228 patients were included in the final analysis. The primary endpoint was the composite of all-cause mortality or rehospitalization for HF, which occurred in 74 patients (32.46%). EF1 as well as other parameters for left ventricular function were measured in echocardiography. Time-dependent ROC showed the cutoff value of EF1 was 18.55%. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a higher rate of adverse events in the lower EF1 group (EF1 ≤ 18.55%) (Log-rank test P < 0.001). Cox regression analyses showed EF1 was an independent predictor with adverse events as a continuous variable (Cox model 1: per 1% change in EF1: HR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.87-0.97, P < 0.001), as well as a categorical variable (Cox model 2: EF1 > 18.55%: HR = 0.21, 95%CI: 0.08-0.53, P < 0.001) after adjustment for hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), Log10 (NT-proBNP), eGFR, E/e' and loop diuretics. Restricted cubic splines revealed a linear association between EF1 levels and the incidence of adverse events (P for non-linearity = 0.145). The subgroup analyses showed the predictive ability of elevated EF1 on the decreased risk of adverse events did not change substantially stratified by HF classification, age, CAD and hypertension. CONCLUSION EF1, as a novel measurement of early systolic function, is a promising predictor of adverse events among HF patients. EF1 might be considered a new measurement for risk stratification of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunna Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Guanzhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Senmiao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Chengchen Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Liuguang Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
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14
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Liu S, Marang C, Woodward M, Joumaa V, Leonard T, Scott B, Debold E, Herzog W, Walcott S. Modeling thick filament activation suggests a molecular basis for force depression. Biophys J 2024; 123:555-571. [PMID: 38291752 PMCID: PMC10938083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiscale models aiming to connect muscle's molecular and cellular function have been difficult to develop, in part due to a lack of self-consistent multiscale data. To address this gap, we measured the force response from single, skinned rabbit psoas muscle fibers to ramp shortenings and step stretches performed on the plateau region of the force-length relationship. We isolated myosin from the same muscles and, under similar conditions, performed single-molecule and ensemble measurements of myosin's ATP-dependent interaction with actin using laser trapping and in vitro motility assays. We fit the fiber data by developing a partial differential equation model that includes thick filament activation, whereby an increase in force on the thick filament pulls myosin out of an inhibited state. The model also includes a series elastic element and a parallel elastic element. This parallel elastic element models a titin-actin interaction proposed to account for the increase in isometric force after stretch (residual force enhancement). By optimizing the model fit to a subset of our fiber measurements, we specified seven unknown parameters. The model then successfully predicted the remainder of our fiber measurements and also our molecular measurements from the laser trap and in vitro motility. The success of the model suggests that our multiscale data are self-consistent and can serve as a testbed for other multiscale models. Moreover, the model captures the decrease in isometric force observed in our muscle fibers after active shortening (force depression), suggesting a molecular mechanism for force depression, whereby a parallel elastic element combines with thick filament activation to decrease the number of cycling cross-bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Liu
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Chris Marang
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Mike Woodward
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Venus Joumaa
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Tim Leonard
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Brent Scott
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Edward Debold
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Walter Herzog
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Sam Walcott
- Mathematical Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts.
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15
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Sun Z, Cai Y, Yang Y, Huang L, Xie Y, Zhu S, Wu C, Sun W, Zhang Z, Li Y, Wang J, Fang L, Yang Y, Lv Q, Dong N, Zhang L, Gu H, Xie M. Early left ventricular systolic function is a more sensitive predictor of adverse events after heart transplant. Int J Cardiol 2024; 398:131620. [PMID: 38036269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First-phase ejection fraction (EF1) is a novel measure of early changes in left ventricular systolic function. This study was to investigate the prognostic value of EF1 in heart transplant recipients. METHODS Heart transplant recipients were prospectively recruited at the Union Hospital, Wuhan, China between January 2015 and December 2019. All patients underwent clinical examination, biochemistry measures [brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and creatinine] and transthoracic echocardiography. The primary endpoint was a combined event of all-cause mortality and graft rejection. RESULTS In 277 patients (aged 48.6 ± 12.5 years) followed for a median of 38.7 [26.8-45.0] months, there were 35 (12.6%) patients had adverse events including 20 deaths and 15 rejections. EF1 was negatively associated with BNP (β = -0.220, p < 0.001) and was significantly lower in patients with events compared to those without. EF1 had the largest area under the curve in ROC analysis compared to other measures. An optimal cut-off value of 25.8% for EF1 had a sensitivity of 96.3% and a specificity of 97.1% for prediction of events. EF1 was the most powerful predictor of events with hazard ratio per 1% change in EF1: 0.628 (95%CI: 0.555-0.710, p < 0.001) after adjustment for left ventricular ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain. CONCLUSIONS Early left ventricular systolic function as measured by EF1 is a powerful predictor of adverse outcomes after heart transplant. EF1 may be useful in risk stratification and management of heart transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yujia Yang
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, UK
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuji Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ziming Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuman Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lingyun Fang
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yali Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Haotian Gu
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, UK.
| | - Mingxing Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China.
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16
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Garg A, Lavine KJ, Greenberg MJ. Assessing Cardiac Contractility From Single Molecules to Whole Hearts. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:414-439. [PMID: 38559627 PMCID: PMC10978360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Fundamentally, the heart needs to generate sufficient force and power output to dynamically meet the needs of the body. Cardiomyocytes contain specialized structures referred to as sarcomeres that power and regulate contraction. Disruption of sarcomeric function or regulation impairs contractility and leads to cardiomyopathies and heart failure. Basic, translational, and clinical studies have adapted numerous methods to assess cardiac contraction in a variety of pathophysiological contexts. These tools measure aspects of cardiac contraction at different scales ranging from single molecules to whole organisms. Moreover, these studies have revealed new pathogenic mechanisms of heart disease leading to the development of novel therapies targeting contractility. In this review, the authors explore the breadth of tools available for studying cardiac contractile function across scales, discuss their strengths and limitations, highlight new insights into cardiac physiology and pathophysiology, and describe how these insights can be harnessed for therapeutic candidate development and translational.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Garg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kory J. Lavine
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael J. Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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17
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Lewis CTA, Melhedegaard EG, Ognjanovic MM, Olsen MS, Laitila J, Seaborne RAE, Gronset MN, Zhang C, Iwamoto H, Hessel AL, Kuehn MN, Merino C, Amigo N, Frobert O, Giroud S, Staples JF, Goropashnaya AV, Fedorov VB, Barnes BM, Toien O, Drew KL, Sprenger RJ, Ochala J. Remodelling of Skeletal Muscle Myosin Metabolic States in Hibernating Mammals. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.14.566992. [PMID: 38014200 PMCID: PMC10680686 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.566992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Hibernation is a period of metabolic suppression utilized by many small and large mammal species to survive during winter periods. As the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood, our study aimed to determine whether skeletal muscle myosin and its metabolic efficiency undergo alterations during hibernation to optimize energy utilization. We isolated muscle fibers from small hibernators, Ictidomys tridecemlineatus and Eliomys quercinus and larger hibernators, Ursus arctos and Ursus americanus. We then conducted loaded Mant-ATP chase experiments alongside X-ray diffraction to measure resting myosin dynamics and its ATP demand. In parallel, we performed multiple proteomics analyses. Our results showed a preservation of myosin structure in U. arctos and U. americanus during hibernation, whilst in I. tridecemlineatus and E. quercinus, changes in myosin metabolic states during torpor unexpectedly led to higher levels in energy expenditure of type II, fast-twitch muscle fibers at ambient lab temperatures (20°C). Upon repeating loaded Mant-ATP chase experiments at 8°C (near the body temperature of torpid animals), we found that myosin ATP consumption in type II muscle fibers was reduced by 77-107% during torpor compared to active periods. Additionally, we observed Myh2 hyper-phosphorylation during torpor in I. tridecemilineatus, which was predicted to stabilize the myosin molecule. This may act as a potential molecular mechanism mitigating myosin-associated increases in skeletal muscle energy expenditure during periods of torpor in response to cold exposure. Altogether, we demonstrate that resting myosin is altered in hibernating mammals, contributing to significant changes to the ATP consumption of skeletal muscle. Additionally, we observe that it is further altered in response to cold exposure and highlight myosin as a potentially contributor to skeletal muscle non-shivering thermogenesis.
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18
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Ma W, del Rio CL, Qi L, Prodanovic M, Mijailovich S, Zambataro C, Gong H, Shimkunas R, Gollapudi S, Nag S, Irving TC. Myosin in autoinhibited off state(s), stabilized by mavacamten, can be recruited in response to inotropic interventions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314914121. [PMID: 38346202 PMCID: PMC10895252 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314914121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Mavacamten is a FDA-approved small-molecule therapeutic designed to regulate cardiac function at the sarcomere level by selectively but reversibly inhibiting the enzymatic activity of myosin. It shifts myosin toward ordered off states close to the thick filament backbone. It remains elusive whether these myosin heads in the off state(s) can be recruited in response to physiological stimuli when required to boost cardiac output. We show that cardiac myosins stabilized in these off state(s) by mavacamten are recruitable by 1) Ca2+, 2) increased chronotropy [heart rate (HR)], 3) stretch, and 4) β-adrenergic (β-AR) stimulation, all known physiological inotropic interventions. At the molecular level, we show that Ca2+ increases myosin ATPase activity by shifting mavacamten-stabilized myosin heads from the inactive super-relaxed state to the active disordered relaxed state. At the myofilament level, both Ca2+ and passive lengthening can shift mavacamten-ordered off myosin heads from positions close to the thick filament backbone to disordered on states closer to the thin filaments. In isolated rat cardiomyocytes, increased stimulation rates enhanced shortening fraction in mavacamten-treated cells. This observation was confirmed in vivo in telemetered rats, where left-ventricular dP/dtmax, an index of inotropy, increased with HR in mavacamten-treated animals. Finally, we show that β-AR stimulation in vivo increases left-ventricular function and stroke volume in the setting of mavacamten. Our data demonstrate that the mavacamten-promoted off states of myosin in the thick filament are at least partially activable, thus preserving cardiac reserve mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Ma
- Biophysics Collaborative Access Team, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL60616
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research and Instrumentation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL60616
| | - Carlos L. del Rio
- Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Brisbane, CA94005
- Cardiac Consulting, San Mateo, CA94010
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL60616
| | - Momcilo Prodanovic
- Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac34000, Serbia
- FilamenTech, Inc., Newtown, MA02458
| | | | | | - Henry Gong
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL60616
| | - Rafael Shimkunas
- Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Brisbane, CA94005
| | - Sampath Gollapudi
- Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Brisbane, CA94005
| | - Suman Nag
- Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Brisbane, CA94005
| | - Thomas C. Irving
- Biophysics Collaborative Access Team, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL60616
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research and Instrumentation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL60616
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL60616
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19
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Abstract
Force generation in striated muscle is primarily controlled by structural changes in the actin-containing thin filaments triggered by an increase in intracellular calcium concentration. However, recent studies have elucidated a new class of regulatory mechanisms, based on the myosin-containing thick filament, that control the strength and speed of contraction by modulating the availability of myosin motors for the interaction with actin. This review summarizes the mechanisms of thin and thick filament activation that regulate the contractility of skeletal and cardiac muscle. A novel dual-filament paradigm of muscle regulation is emerging, in which the dynamics of force generation depends on the coordinated activation of thin and thick filaments. We highlight the interfilament signaling pathways based on titin and myosin-binding protein-C that couple thin and thick filament regulatory mechanisms. This dual-filament regulation mediates the length-dependent activation of cardiac muscle that underlies the control of the cardiac output in each heartbeat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Brunello
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Luca Fusi
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; ,
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Marcello M, Cetrangolo V, Morotti I, Squarci C, Caremani M, Reconditi M, Savarese M, Bianco P, Piazzesi G, Lombardi V, Udd B, Conte I, Nigro V, Linari M. Sarcomere level mechanics of the fast skeletal muscle of the medaka fish larva. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C632-C644. [PMID: 38145303 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00530.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) is a vertebrate model used in developmental biology and genetics. Here we explore its suitability as a model for investigating the molecular mechanisms of human myopathies caused by mutations in sarcomeric proteins. To this end, the relevant mechanical parameters of the intact skeletal muscle of wild-type medaka are determined using the transparent tail at larval stage 40. Tails were mounted at sarcomere length of 2.1 μm in a thermoregulated trough containing physiological solution. Tetanic contractions were elicited at physiological temperature (10°C-30°C) by electrical stimulation, and sarcomere length changes were recorded with nanometer-microsecond resolution during both isometric and isotonic contractions with a striation follower. The force output has been normalized for the actual fraction of the cross section of the tail occupied by the myofilament lattice, as established with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and then for the actual density of myofilaments, as established with X-ray diffraction. Under these conditions, the mechanical performance of the contracting muscle of the wild-type larva can be defined at the level of the half-thick filament, where ∼300 myosin motors work in parallel as a collective motor, allowing a detailed comparison with the established performance of the skeletal muscle of different vertebrates. The results of this study point out that the medaka fish larva is a suitable model for the investigation of the genotype/phenotype correlations and therapeutic possibilities in skeletal muscle diseases caused by mutations in sarcomeric proteins.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The suitability of the medaka fish as a model for investigating the molecular mechanisms of human myopathies caused by mutations of sarcomeric proteins is tested by combining structural analysis and sarcomere-level mechanics of the skeletal muscle of the tail of medaka larva. The mechanical performance of the medaka muscle, scaled at the level of the myosin-containing thick filament, together with its reduced genome duplication makes this model unique for investigations of the genotype/phenotype correlations in human myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviana Cetrangolo
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Marco Savarese
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ivan Conte
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Linari
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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21
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Jani VP, Song T, Gao C, Gong H, Sadayappan S, Kass DA, Irving TC, Ma W. The structural OFF and ON states of myosin can be decoupled from the biochemical super- and disordered-relaxed states. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae039. [PMID: 38328779 PMCID: PMC10849796 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing awareness that both thick-filament and classical thin-filament regulations play central roles in modulating muscle contraction. Myosin ATPase assays have demonstrated that under relaxed conditions, myosin may reside either in a high-energy-consuming disordered-relaxed (DRX) state available for binding actin to generate force or in an energy-sparing super-relaxed (SRX) state unavailable for actin binding. X-ray diffraction studies have shown that the majority of myosin heads are in a quasi-helically ordered OFF state in a resting muscle and that this helical ordering is lost when myosin heads are turned ON for contraction. It has been assumed that myosin heads in SRX and DRX states are equivalent to the OFF and ON states, respectively, and the terms have been used interchangeably. In this study, we use X-ray diffraction and ATP turnover assays to track the structural and biochemical transitions of myosin heads, respectively, induced with either omecamtiv mecarbil (OM) or piperine in relaxed porcine myocardium. We find that while OM and piperine induce dramatic shifts of myosin heads from the OFF to the ON state, there are no appreciable changes in the population of myosin heads in the SRX and DRX states in both unloaded and loaded preparations. Our results show that biochemically defined SRX and DRX can be decoupled from structurally defined OFF and ON states. In summary, while SRX/DRX and OFF/ON transitions can be correlated in some cases, these two phenomena are measured using different approaches, reflect different properties of the thick filament, and should be investigated and interpreted separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Jani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Taejeong Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Chengqian Gao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Henry Gong
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - David A Kass
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas C Irving
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research and Instrumentation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Weikang Ma
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research and Instrumentation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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22
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Hoh JFY. Mechanism of post-tetanic depression of slow muscle fibres. J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:41-45. [PMID: 38347296 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
A brief tetanic stimulation has a very different effect on the subsequent isometric twitch force of fast and slow skeletal muscles. Fast muscle responds with an enhanced twitch force which doubles that of the pre-tetanic value, whereas slow muscle depresses the post-tetanic twitch by about 20%. Twitch potentiation of fast muscle has long been known to be due to myosin light chain 2 phosphorylation. It is proposed that post-tetanic twitch depression in slow muscle is due to the dephosphorylation of the slow isoform of the thick filament protein, myosin-binding protein-C, by Ca2+/calmodulin-activated phosphatase calcineurin, whilst its phosphorylation underlies the force enhancement due to β-adrenergic stimulation in slow and fast muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Foon Yoong Hoh
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- , A2 Garnet St, Killara, NSW, 2071, Australia.
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23
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Sequeira V, Maack C, Reil GH, Reil JC. Exploring the Connection Between Relaxed Myosin States and the Anrep Effect. Circ Res 2024; 134:117-134. [PMID: 38175910 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The Anrep effect is an adaptive response that increases left ventricular contractility following an acute rise in afterload. Although the mechanistic origin remains undefined, recent findings suggest a two-phase activation of resting myosin for contraction, involving strain-sensitive and posttranslational phases. We propose that this mobilization represents a transition among the relaxed states of myosin-specifically, from the super-relaxed (SRX) to the disordered-relaxed (DRX)-with DRX myosin ready to participate in force generation. This hypothesis offers a unified explanation that connects myosin's SRX-DRX equilibrium and the Anrep effect as parts of a singular phenomenon. We underscore the significance of this equilibrium in modulating contractility, primarily studied in the context of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the most common inherited cardiomyopathy associated with diastolic dysfunction, hypercontractility, and left ventricular hypertrophy. As we posit that the cellular basis of the Anrep effect relies on a two-phased transition of myosin from the SRX to the contraction-ready DRX configuration, any dysregulation in this equilibrium may result in the pathological manifestation of the Anrep phenomenon. For instance, in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypercontractility is linked to a considerable shift of myosin to the DRX state, implying a persistent activation of the Anrep effect. These valuable insights call for additional research to uncover a clinical Anrep fingerprint in pathological states. Here, we demonstrate through noninvasive echocardiographic pressure-volume measurements that this fingerprint is evident in 12 patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy before septal myocardial ablation. This unique signature is characterized by enhanced contractility, indicated by a leftward shift and steepening of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, and a prolonged systolic ejection time adjusted for heart rate, which reverses post-procedure. The clinical application of this concept has potential implications beyond hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, extending to other genetic cardiomyopathies and even noncongenital heart diseases with complex etiologies across a broad spectrum of left ventricular ejection fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Sequeira
- Department of Translational Science Universitätsklinikum, Deutsche Zentrum für Herzinsuffizienz (DZHI), Würzburg, Germany (V.S., C.M.)
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Science Universitätsklinikum, Deutsche Zentrum für Herzinsuffizienz (DZHI), Würzburg, Germany (V.S., C.M.)
| | - Gert-Hinrich Reil
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Klinikum Oldenburg, Innere Medizin I, Germany (G.-H.R.)
| | - Jan-Christian Reil
- Klinik für Allgemeine und Interventionelle Kardiologie, Herz- und Diabetes-Zentrum Nordrhein-Westphalen, Germany (J.-C.R.)
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24
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Tanner BCW. Design Principles and Benefits of Spatially Explicit Models of Myofilament Function. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2735:43-62. [PMID: 38038843 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3527-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Spatially explicit models of muscle contraction include fine-scale details about the spatial, kinetic, and/or mechanical properties of the biological processes being represented within the model network. Over the past 25 years, this has primarily consisted of a set of mathematical and computational algorithms representing myosin cross-bridge activity, Ca2+-activation of contraction, and ensemble force production within a half-sarcomere representation of the myofilament network. Herein we discuss basic design principles associated with creating spatially explicit models of myofilament function, as well as model assumptions underlying model development. A brief overview of computational approaches is introduced. Opportunities for new model directions that could investigate coupled regulatory pathways between the thick-filament and thin-filaments are also presented. Given the modular design and flexibility associated with spatially explicit models, we highlight some advantages of this approach compared to other model formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand C W Tanner
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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25
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Short B. Examining the calcium sensitivity of skeletal muscle thick filaments. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202313501. [PMID: 37966794 PMCID: PMC10651394 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
JGP study (this issue, Caremani et al. https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.202313393) reveals that the calcium sensitivity of thick filament structure in skeletal muscle is greater than that of force, offering new insights into the mechanisms of thick filament activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Short
- Science Writer, Rockefeller University Press, New York, NY, USA
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26
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Caremani M, Fusi L, Reconditi M, Piazzesi G, Narayanan T, Irving M, Lombardi V, Linari M, Brunello E. Dependence of myosin filament structure on intracellular calcium concentration in skeletal muscle. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202313393. [PMID: 37756601 PMCID: PMC10533363 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Contraction of skeletal muscle is triggered by an increase in intracellular calcium concentration that relieves the structural block on actin-binding sites in resting muscle, potentially allowing myosin motors to bind and generate force. However, most myosin motors are not available for actin binding because they are stabilized in folded helical tracks on the surface of myosin-containing thick filaments. High-force contraction depends on the release of the folded motors, which can be triggered by stress in the thick filament backbone, but additional mechanisms may link the activation of the thick filaments to that of the thin filaments or to intracellular calcium concentration. Here, we used x-ray diffraction in combination with temperature-jump activation to determine the steady-state calcium dependence of thick filament structure and myosin motor conformation in near-physiological conditions. We found that x-ray signals associated with the perpendicular motors characteristic of isometric force generation had almost the same calcium sensitivity as force, but x-ray signals associated with perturbations in the folded myosin helix had a much higher calcium sensitivity. Moreover, a new population of myosin motors with a longer axial periodicity became prominent at low levels of calcium activation and may represent an intermediate regulatory state of the myosin motors in the physiological pathway of filament activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Fusi
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, London, UK
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Massimo Reconditi
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Malcolm Irving
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Marco Linari
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Brunello
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, London, UK
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27
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Osuna-Prieto FJ, Milla-Martín D, Miras-Moreno S, Jurado-Fasoli L, Ramírez-Maldonado M, Soriano MA, Garcia-Ramos A, Ruiz JR, Amaro-Gahete FJ. A single dose of dihydrocapsiate does not improve neuromuscular performance in resistance-trained young adults: A randomised, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:2299-2310. [PMID: 37440417 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2229854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Capsinoids may exert ergogenic effects on resistance exercises. However, the acute effects of capsinoids on neuromuscular performance in humans are unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the acute effects of dihydrocapsiate on lower- and upper-body neuromuscular performance parameters in resistance-trained individuals. 25 young adults (n = 6 women; age = 26 ± 3 years; body mass index = 24.3 ± 2.8 kg/m2) with ≥ 1-year resistance training experience were included in this triple-blind (participants, intervention researchers, and data analysts were blinded), placebo-controlled, crossover study. Lower- and upper-body ballistic strength (countermovement jump [CMJ] height and bench press throw [BPT] peak velocity), maximum dynamic strength (estimated 1 repetition maximum in squat and bench press [BP]), and strength-endurance (mean set velocity [squat] and number of repetitions to failure [bench press]) were assessed in 2 independent sessions (≥7 days separation). Participants ingested 12 mg of dihydrocapsiate or placebo 30 min before each trial. We found no significant differences between dihydrocapsiate and placebo conditions in ballistic strength, (CMJ height 33.20 ± 8.07 vs 33.32 ± 7.85 cm; BPT peak velocity 2.82 ± 0.77 vs 2.82 ± 0.74 m/s) maximal dynamic strength (estimated squat 1RM: 123.76 ± 40.63 vs 122.66 ± 40.97 kg; estimated BP 1RM: 99.47 ± 43.09 vs 99.60 ± 43.34 kg), and strength-endurance (squat mean set velocity 0.66 ± 0.07 vs 0.66 ± 0.05 m/s; number BP repetitions to failure 13.00 ± 3.56 vs 13.00 ± 4.78) (all P ≥ 0.703). We conclude that dihydrocapsiate does not acutely improve neuromuscular performance in trained young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research Institute in Health Pere Virgili, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Darío Milla-Martín
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Miras-Moreno
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mauricio Ramírez-Maldonado
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marcos A Soriano
- Strength Training & Neuromuscular Performance (STreNgthP) Research Group, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amador Garcia-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
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28
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Carrington G, Hau A, Kosta S, Dugdale HF, Muntoni F, D’Amico A, Van den Bergh P, Romero NB, Malfatti E, Vilchez JJ, Oldfors A, Pajusalu S, Õunap K, Giralt-Pujol M, Zanoteli E, Campbell KS, Iwamoto H, Peckham M, Ochala J. Human skeletal myopathy myosin mutations disrupt myosin head sequestration. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172322. [PMID: 37788100 PMCID: PMC10721271 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin heavy chains encoded by MYH7 and MYH2 are abundant in human skeletal muscle and important for muscle contraction. However, it is unclear how mutations in these genes disrupt myosin structure and function leading to skeletal muscle myopathies termed myosinopathies. Here, we used multiple approaches to analyze the effects of common MYH7 and MYH2 mutations in the light meromyosin (LMM) region of myosin. Analyses of expressed and purified MYH7 and MYH2 LMM mutant proteins combined with in silico modeling showed that myosin coiled coil structure and packing of filaments in vitro are commonly disrupted. Using muscle biopsies from patients and fluorescent ATP analog chase protocols to estimate the proportion of myosin heads that were super-relaxed, together with x-ray diffraction measurements to estimate myosin head order, we found that basal myosin ATP consumption was increased and the myosin super-relaxed state was decreased in vivo. In addition, myofiber mechanics experiments to investigate contractile function showed that myofiber contractility was not affected. These findings indicate that the structural remodeling associated with LMM mutations induces a pathogenic state in which formation of shutdown heads is impaired, thus increasing myosin head ATP demand in the filaments, rather than affecting contractility. These key findings will help design future therapies for myosinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Carrington
- The Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology and
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Abbi Hau
- Centre of Human and Applied Physiological Sciences and
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Kosta
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hannah F. Dugdale
- Centre of Human and Applied Physiological Sciences and
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adele D’Amico
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Van den Bergh
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, Neurology Department, University Hospital Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Norma B. Romero
- Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Institute of Myology, Myology Research Centre INSERM, Sorbonne University, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Edoardo Malfatti
- APHP, Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, Henri Mondor Hospital, Inserm U955, Creteil, France
- U1179 UVSQ-INSERM Handicap Neuromuscular: Physiology, Biotherapy and Applied Pharmacology, UFR Simone Veil-Santé, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Juan Jesus Vilchez
- Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) Spain, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anders Oldfors
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sander Pajusalu
- Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marta Giralt-Pujol
- The Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology and
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Edmar Zanoteli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Neurology, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Kenneth S. Campbell
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Iwamoto
- SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Michelle Peckham
- The Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology and
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Ochala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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29
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Hessel AL, Kuehn M, Han SW, Ma W, Irving TC, Momb BA, Song T, Sadayappan S, Linke WA, Palmer BM. Fast myosin binding protein C knockout in skeletal muscle alters length-dependent activation and myofilament structure. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.19.563160. [PMID: 37961718 PMCID: PMC10634671 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.19.563160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In striated muscle, some sarcomere proteins regulate crossbridge cycling by varying the propensity of myosin heads to interact with actin. Myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C) is bound to the myosin thick filament and is predicted to interact and stabilize myosin heads in a docked position against the thick filament and limit crossbridge formation, the so-called OFF state. Via an unknown mechanism, MyBP-C is thought to release heads into the so-called ON state, where they are more likely to form crossbridges. To study this proposed mechanism, we used the C2-/- mouse line to knock down fast-isoform MyBP-C completely and total MyBP-C by ~24%, and conducted mechanical functional studies in parallel with small-angle X-ray diffraction to evaluate the myofilament structure. We report that C2-/- fibers presented deficits in force production and reduced calcium sensitivity. Structurally, passive C2-/- fibers presented altered SL-independent and SL-dependent regulation of myosin head ON/OFF states, with a shift of myosin heads towards the ON state. Unexpectedly, at shorter sarcomere lengths, the thin filament was axially extended in C2-/- vs. non-transgenic controls, which we postulate is due to increased low-level crossbridge formation arising from relatively more ON myosins in the passive muscle that elongates the thin filament. The downstream effect of increasing crossbridge formation in a passive muscle on contraction performance is not known. Such widespread structural changes to sarcomere proteins provide testable mechanisms to explain the etiology of debilitating MyBP-C-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L. Hessel
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster; Muenster, Germany
| | - Michel Kuehn
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster; Muenster, Germany
| | - Seong-Won Han
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster; Muenster, Germany
| | - Weikang Ma
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology; Chicago, USA
| | - Thomas C. Irving
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology; Chicago, USA
| | - Brent A. Momb
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts – Amherst; Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Taejeong Song
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wolfgang A. Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster; Muenster, Germany
| | - Bradley M. Palmer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont; Burlington, VT, USA
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30
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Ma W, Jani VP, Song T, Gao C, Gong H, Sadayappan S, Kass DA, Irving TC. The structural OFF and ON states of myosin can be decoupled from the biochemical super-relaxed and disordered-relaxed states. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.562891. [PMID: 37904972 PMCID: PMC10614925 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.562891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing awareness that both thick filament and classical thin filament regulation play central roles in modulating muscle contraction. Myosin ATPase assays have demonstrated that under relaxed conditions, myosin may reside in either a high energy-consuming disordered-relaxed (DRX) state available for binding actin to generate force, or in an energy-sparing super-relaxed (SRX) state unavailable for actin binding. X-ray diffraction studies have shown the majority of myosin heads are in a quasi-helically ordered OFF state in a resting muscle and that this helical ordering is lost when myosin heads are turned ON for contraction. It has been assumed that myosin heads in SRX and DRX states are equivalent to the OFF and ON state respectively and the terms have been used interchangeably. Here, we use X-ray diffraction and ATP turnover assays to track the structural and biochemical transitions of myosin heads respectively induced with either omecamtiv mecarbil (OM) or piperine in relaxed porcine myocardium. We find that while OM and piperine induce dramatic shifts of myosin heads from the OFF to ON states, there are no appreciable changes in the population of myosin heads in the SRX and DRX states in both unloaded and loaded preparations. Our results show that biochemically defined SRX and DRX can be decoupled from structurally-defined OFF and ON states. In summary, while SRX/DRX and OFF/ON transitions can be correlated in some cases, these two phenomena are measured using different approaches, do not necessarily reflect the same properties of the thick filament and should be investigated and interpreted separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Ma
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vivek P. Jani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Taejeong Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chengqian Gao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Henry Gong
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David A. Kass
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thomas C. Irving
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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31
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Liu S, Marang C, Woodward M, Joumaa V, Leonard T, Scott B, Debold E, Herzog W, Walcott S. Modeling Thick Filament Activation Suggests a Molecular Basis for Force Depression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.27.559764. [PMID: 37808737 PMCID: PMC10557758 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiscale models aiming to connect muscle's molecular and cellular function have been difficult to develop, in part, due to a lack of self-consistent multiscale data. To address this gap, we measured the force response from single skinned rabbit psoas muscle fibers to ramp shortenings and step stretches performed on the plateau region of the force-length relationship. We isolated myosin from the same muscles and, under similar conditions, performed single molecule and ensemble measurements of myosin's ATP-dependent interaction with actin using laser trapping and in vitro motility assays. We fit the fiber data by developing a partial differential equation model that includes thick filament activation, whereby an increase in force on the thick filament pulls myosin out of an inhibited state. The model also includes a series elastic element and a parallel elastic element. This parallel elastic element models a titin-actin interaction proposed to account for the increase in isometric force following stretch (residual force enhancement). By optimizing the model fit to a subset of our fiber measurements, we specified seven unknown parameters. The model then successfully predicted the remainder of our fiber measurements and also our molecular measurements from the laser trap and in vitro motility. The success of the model suggests that our multiscale data are self-consistent and can serve as a testbed for other multiscale models. Moreover, the model captures the decrease in isometric force observed in our muscle fibers after active shortening (force depression), suggesting a molecular mechanism for force depression, whereby a parallel elastic element combines with thick filament activation to decrease the number of cycling cross-bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Liu
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chris Marang
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mike Woodward
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Venus Joumaa
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tim Leonard
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brent Scott
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward Debold
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Walter Herzog
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sam Walcott
- Mathematical Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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32
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Hessel AL, Engels NM, Kuehn M, Nissen D, Sadler RL, Ma W, Irving TC, Linke WA, Harris SP. Myosin-binding protein C forms C-links and stabilizes OFF states of myosin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.10.556972. [PMID: 37745361 PMCID: PMC10515747 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.10.556972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Contraction force in muscle is produced by the interaction of myosin motors in the thick filaments and actin in the thin filaments and is fine-tuned by other proteins such as myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C). One form of control is through the regulation of myosin heads between an ON and OFF state in passive sarcomeres, which leads to their ability or inability to interact with the thin filaments during contraction, respectively. MyBP-C is a flexible and long protein that is tightly bound to the thick filament at its C-terminal end but may be loosely bound at its middle- and N-terminal end (MyBP-CC1C7). Under considerable debate is whether the MyBP-CC1C7 domains directly regulate myosin head ON/OFF states, and/or link thin filaments ("C-links"). Here, we used a combination of mechanics and small-angle X-ray diffraction to study the immediate and selective removal of the MyBP-CC1C7 domains of fast MyBP-C in permeabilized skeletal muscle. After cleavage, the thin filaments were significantly shorter, a result consistent with direct interactions of MyBP-C with thin filaments thus confirming C-links. Ca2+ sensitivity was reduced at shorter sarcomere lengths, and crossbridge kinetics were increased across sarcomere lengths at submaximal activation levels, demonstrating a role in crossbridge kinetics. Structural signatures of the thick filaments suggest that cleavage also shifted myosin heads towards the ON state - a marker that typically indicates increased Ca2+ sensitivity but that may account for increased crossbridge kinetics at submaximal Ca2+ and/or a change in the force transmission pathway. Taken together, we conclude that MyBP-CC1C7 domains play an important role in contractile performance which helps explain why mutations in these domains often lead to debilitating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Hessel
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster; Muenster, Germany
| | - Nichlas M Engels
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michel Kuehn
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster; Muenster, Germany
| | - Devin Nissen
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology; Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rachel L Sadler
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Weikang Ma
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology; Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas C Irving
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology; Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster; Muenster, Germany
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33
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Smith JAB, Murach KA, Dyar KA, Zierath JR. Exercise metabolism and adaptation in skeletal muscle. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:607-632. [PMID: 37225892 PMCID: PMC10527431 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Viewing metabolism through the lens of exercise biology has proven an accessible and practical strategy to gain new insights into local and systemic metabolic regulation. Recent methodological developments have advanced understanding of the central role of skeletal muscle in many exercise-associated health benefits and have uncovered the molecular underpinnings driving adaptive responses to training regimens. In this Review, we provide a contemporary view of the metabolic flexibility and functional plasticity of skeletal muscle in response to exercise. First, we provide background on the macrostructure and ultrastructure of skeletal muscle fibres, highlighting the current understanding of sarcomeric networks and mitochondrial subpopulations. Next, we discuss acute exercise skeletal muscle metabolism and the signalling, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of adaptations to exercise training. We address knowledge gaps throughout and propose future directions for the field. This Review contextualizes recent research of skeletal muscle exercise metabolism, framing further advances and translation into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon A B Smith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Molecular Mass Regulation Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Kenneth A Dyar
- Metabolic Physiology, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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34
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Feder O, Zahler D, Szekely Y, Gefen S, Amsterdam D, Topilsky Y, Flint N, Konigstein M, Halkin A, Bazan S, Arbel Y, Finkelstein A, Banai S, Ben-Shoshan J. First-Phase Ejection Fraction and Long-Term Survival in Patients Who Underwent Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. Am J Cardiol 2023; 202:17-23. [PMID: 37413702 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Early recognition of deteriorating left ventricular function plays a key prognostic role in patients with aortic stenosis (AS). First-phase ejection fraction (EF1), the ejection fraction (EF) up to time of maximal contraction, has been suggested for detection of early left ventricular dysfunction in patients with AS with preserved EF. This work aims to evaluate the predictive value of EF1 for assessment of long-term survival in patients with symptomatic severe AS and preserved EF who undergo transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We included 102 consecutive patients (median age 84 years [interquartile range 80 to 86 years]) who underwent TAVI between 2009 and 2011. Patients were retrospectively stratified into tertiles by EF1. Device success and procedural complications were defined according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium-3 criteria. Mortality data were retrieved from a computerized interface of the Israeli Ministry of Health. Baseline characteristics, co-morbidities, clinical presentation, and echocardiographic findings were similar among groups. The groups did not differ significantly regarding device success and in-hospital complications. During a potential follow-up period of >10 years, 88 patients died. Kaplan-Meier analysis (log-rank p = 0.017) followed by multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that EF1 predicted long-term mortality independently, either as continuous variable (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.07, p = 0.012) or for each decrease in tertile group (hazard ratio 1.40, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.86, p = 0.023). In conclusion, low EF1 is associated with a significant decrease in adjusted hazard for long-term survival in patients with preserved EF who undergo TAVI. Low EF1 might delineate a population at great risk who would benefit from prompt intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omri Feder
- Department of Internal Medicine H, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - David Zahler
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yishay Szekely
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sheizaf Gefen
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Internal Medicine E, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dana Amsterdam
- Department of Internal Medicine H, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yan Topilsky
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Flint
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Maayan Konigstein
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Halkin
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Samuel Bazan
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaron Arbel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Finkelstein
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shmuel Banai
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Jeremy Ben-Shoshan
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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35
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Blemker SS. In vivo imaging of skeletal muscle form and function: 50 years of insight. J Biomech 2023; 158:111745. [PMID: 37579605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle form and function has fascinated scientists for centuries. Our understanding of muscle function has long been driven by advancements in imaging techniques. For example, the sliding filament theory of muscle, which is now widely leveraged in biomechanics research, stemmed from observations made possible by scanning electron microscopy. Over the last 50 years, advancing in medical imaging, combined with ingenuity and creativity of biomechanists, have provide a wealth of new and important insights into in vivo human muscle function. Incorporation of in vivo imaging has also advanced computational modeling and allowed our research to have an impact in many clinical populations. While this review does not provide a comprehensive or meta-analysis of the all the in vivo muscle imaging work over the last five decades, it provides a narrative about the past, present, and future of in vivo muscle imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia S Blemker
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Ophthalmology, and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; Springbok Analytics, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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36
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Ma W, del Rio CL, Qi L, Prodanovic M, Mijailovich S, Zambataro C, Gong H, Shimkunas R, Gollapudi S, Nag S, Irving TC. Myosin in autoinhibited off state(s), stabilized by mavacamten, can be recruited via inotropic effectors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.10.536292. [PMID: 37090664 PMCID: PMC10120679 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.10.536292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Mavacamten is a novel, FDA-approved, small molecule therapeutic designed to regulate cardiac function by selectively but reversibly inhibiting the enzymatic activity of myosin. It shifts myosin towards ordered off states close to the thick filament backbone. It remains unresolved whether mavacamten permanently sequesters these myosin heads in the off state(s) or whether these heads can be recruited in response to physiological stimuli when required to boost cardiac output. We show that cardiac myosins stabilized in these off state(s) by mavacamten are recruitable by Ca2+, increased heart rate, stretch, and β-adrenergic (β-AR) stimulation, all known physiological inotropic effectors. At the molecular level, we show that, in presence of mavacamten, Ca2+ increases myosin ATPase activity by shifting myosin heads from the reserve super-relaxed (SRX) state to the active disordered relaxed (DRX) state. At the myofilament level, both Ca2+ and passive lengthening can shift ordered off myosin heads from positions close to the thick filament backbone to disordered on states closer to the thin filaments in the presence of mavacamten. In isolated rat cardiomyocytes, increased stimulation rates enhanced shortening fraction in mavacamten-treated cells. This observation was confirmed in vivo in telemetered rats, where left-ventricular dP/dtmax, an index of inotropy, increased with heart rate in mavacamten treated animals. Finally, we show that β-AR stimulation in vivo increases left-ventricular function and stroke volume in the setting of mavacamten. Our data demonstrate that the mavacamten-promoted off states of myosin in the thick filament are activable, at least partially, thus leading to preservation of cardiac reserve mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Ma
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos L. del Rio
- Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Brisbane, CA 94005
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Momcilo Prodanovic
- Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- FilamenTech, Inc., Newtown, MA 02458, USA
| | | | | | - Henry Gong
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rafael Shimkunas
- Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Brisbane, CA 94005
| | - Sampath Gollapudi
- Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Brisbane, CA 94005
| | - Suman Nag
- Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Brisbane, CA 94005
| | - Thomas C. Irving
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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37
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Kooiker KB, Mohran S, Turner KL, Ma W, Martinson A, Flint G, Qi L, Gao C, Zheng Y, McMillen TS, Mandrycky C, Mahoney-Schaefer M, Freeman JC, Costales Arenas EG, Tu AY, Irving TC, Geeves MA, Tanner BC, Regnier M, Davis J, Moussavi-Harami F. Danicamtiv Increases Myosin Recruitment and Alters Cross-Bridge Cycling in Cardiac Muscle. Circ Res 2023; 133:430-443. [PMID: 37470183 PMCID: PMC10434831 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modulating myosin function is a novel therapeutic approach in patients with cardiomyopathy. Danicamtiv is a novel myosin activator with promising preclinical data that is currently in clinical trials. While it is known that danicamtiv increases force and cardiomyocyte contractility without affecting calcium levels, detailed mechanistic studies regarding its mode of action are lacking. METHODS Permeabilized porcine cardiac tissue and myofibrils were used for X-ray diffraction and mechanical measurements. A mouse model of genetic dilated cardiomyopathy was used to evaluate the ability of danicamtiv to correct the contractile deficit. RESULTS Danicamtiv increased force and calcium sensitivity via increasing the number of myosins in the ON state and slowing cross-bridge turnover. Our detailed analysis showed that inhibition of ADP release results in decreased cross-bridge turnover with cross bridges staying attached longer and prolonging myofibril relaxation. Danicamtiv corrected decreased calcium sensitivity in demembranated tissue, abnormal twitch magnitude and kinetics in intact cardiac tissue, and reduced ejection fraction in the whole organ. CONCLUSIONS As demonstrated by the detailed studies of Danicamtiv, increasing myosin recruitment and altering cross-bridge cycling are 2 mechanisms to increase force and calcium sensitivity in cardiac muscle. Myosin activators such as Danicamtiv can treat the causative hypocontractile phenotype in genetic dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina B. Kooiker
- Division of Cardiology, Medicine (K.B.K., M.M.-S., J.C.F., E.G.C.A., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
| | - Saffie Mohran
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Kyrah L. Turner
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University (K.L.T.)
| | - Weikang Ma
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago (W.M., L.Q., T.C.I.)
| | - Amy Martinson
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Galina Flint
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago (W.M., L.Q., T.C.I.)
| | - Chengqian Gao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China (C.G., Y.Z.)
| | - Yahan Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China (C.G., Y.Z.)
| | - Timothy S. McMillen
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (T.S.M.), University of Washington
| | - Christian Mandrycky
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Max Mahoney-Schaefer
- Division of Cardiology, Medicine (K.B.K., M.M.-S., J.C.F., E.G.C.A., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
| | - Jeremy C. Freeman
- Division of Cardiology, Medicine (K.B.K., M.M.-S., J.C.F., E.G.C.A., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
| | | | - An-Yu Tu
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Thomas C. Irving
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago (W.M., L.Q., T.C.I.)
| | - Michael A. Geeves
- School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom (M.A.G.)
| | - Bertrand C.W. Tanner
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University (B.C.W.T.)
| | - Michael Regnier
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Farid Moussavi-Harami
- Division of Cardiology, Medicine (K.B.K., M.M.-S., J.C.F., E.G.C.A., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
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Pertici I, Bongini L, Caremani M, Reconditi M, Linari M, Piazzesi G, Lombardi V, Bianco P. Matching Mechanics and Energetics of Muscle Contraction Suggests Unconventional Chemomechanical Coupling during the Actin-Myosin Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12324. [PMID: 37569700 PMCID: PMC10418673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical performances of the vertebrate skeletal muscle during isometric and isotonic contractions are interfaced with the corresponding energy consumptions to define the coupling between mechanical and biochemical steps in the myosin-actin energy transduction cycle. The analysis is extended to a simplified synthetic nanomachine in which eight HMM molecules purified from fast mammalian skeletal muscle are brought to interact with an actin filament in the presence of 2 mM ATP, to assess the emergent properties of a minimum number of motors working in ensemble without the effects of both the higher hierarchical levels of striated muscle organization and other sarcomeric, regulatory and cytoskeleton proteins. A three-state model of myosin-actin interaction is able to predict the known relationships between energetics and transient and steady-state mechanical properties of fast skeletal muscle either in vivo or in vitro only under the assumption that during shortening a myosin motor can interact with two actin sites during one ATP hydrolysis cycle. Implementation of the molecular details of the model should be achieved by exploiting kinetic and structural constraints present in the transients elicited by stepwise perturbations in length or force superimposed on the isometric contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Lombardi
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (I.P.); (L.B.); (M.C.); (M.R.); (M.L.); (G.P.); (P.B.)
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Nag S, Gollapudi SK, Del Rio CL, Spudich JA, McDowell R. Mavacamten, a precision medicine for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: From a motor protein to patients. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabo7622. [PMID: 37506209 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo7622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, hyperdynamic contraction, and impaired relaxation of the heart. These functional derangements arise directly from altered sarcomeric function due to either mutations in genes encoding sarcomere proteins, or other defects such as abnormal energetics. Current treatment options do not directly address this causal biology but focus on surgical and extra-sarcomeric (sarcolemmal) pharmacological symptomatic relief. Mavacamten (formerly known as MYK-461), is a small molecule designed to regulate cardiac function at the sarcomere level by selectively but reversibly inhibiting the enzymatic activity of myosin, the fundamental motor of the sarcomere. This review summarizes the mechanism and translational progress of mavacamten from proteins to patients, describing how the mechanism of action and pharmacological characteristics, involving both systolic and diastolic effects, can directly target pathophysiological derangements within the cardiac sarcomere to improve cardiac structure and function in HCM. Mavacamten was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in April 2022 for the treatment of obstructive HCM and now goes by the commercial name of Camzyos. Full information about the risks, limitations, and side effects can be found at www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/214998s000lbl.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Nag
- MyoKardia Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Bristol Myers Squibb, Brisbane, CA 94005, USA
| | - Sampath K Gollapudi
- MyoKardia Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Bristol Myers Squibb, Brisbane, CA 94005, USA
| | - Carlos L Del Rio
- MyoKardia Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Bristol Myers Squibb, Brisbane, CA 94005, USA
- Cardiac Consulting, 1630 S Delaware St. #56426, San Mateo, CA 94403, USA
| | | | - Robert McDowell
- MyoKardia Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Bristol Myers Squibb, Brisbane, CA 94005, USA
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Li J, Sundnes J, Hou Y, Laasmaa M, Ruud M, Unger A, Kolstad TR, Frisk M, Norseng PA, Yang L, Setterberg IE, Alves ES, Kalakoutis M, Sejersted OM, Lanner JT, Linke WA, Lunde IG, de Tombe PP, Louch WE. Stretch Harmonizes Sarcomere Strain Across the Cardiomyocyte. Circ Res 2023; 133:255-270. [PMID: 37401464 PMCID: PMC10355805 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing cardiomyocyte contraction during myocardial stretch serves as the basis for the Frank-Starling mechanism in the heart. However, it remains unclear how this phenomenon occurs regionally within cardiomyocytes, at the level of individual sarcomeres. We investigated sarcomere contractile synchrony and how intersarcomere dynamics contribute to increasing contractility during cell lengthening. METHODS Sarcomere strain and Ca2+ were simultaneously recorded in isolated left ventricular cardiomyocytes during 1 Hz field stimulation at 37 °C, at resting length and following stepwise stretch. RESULTS We observed that in unstretched rat cardiomyocytes, differential sarcomere deformation occurred during each beat. Specifically, while most sarcomeres shortened during the stimulus, ≈10% to 20% of sarcomeres were stretched or remained stationary. This nonuniform strain was not traced to regional Ca2+ disparities but rather shorter resting lengths and lower force production in systolically stretched sarcomeres. Lengthening of the cell recruited additional shortening sarcomeres, which increased contractile efficiency as less negative, wasted work was performed by stretched sarcomeres. Given the known role of titin in setting sarcomere dimensions, we next hypothesized that modulating titin expression would alter intersarcomere dynamics. Indeed, in cardiomyocytes from mice with titin haploinsufficiency, we observed greater variability in resting sarcomere length, lower recruitment of shortening sarcomeres, and impaired work performance during cell lengthening. CONCLUSIONS Graded sarcomere recruitment directs cardiomyocyte work performance, and harmonization of sarcomere strain increases contractility during cell stretch. By setting sarcomere dimensions, titin controls sarcomere recruitment, and its lowered expression in haploinsufficiency mutations impairs cardiomyocyte contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., P.A.N., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
| | | | - Yufeng Hou
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., P.A.N., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
| | - Martin Laasmaa
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., P.A.N., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
| | - Marianne Ruud
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., P.A.N., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
| | - Andreas Unger
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Germany (A.U., W.A.L.)
| | - Terje R. Kolstad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., P.A.N., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
| | - Michael Frisk
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., P.A.N., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
| | - Per Andreas Norseng
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., P.A.N., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
| | | | - Ingunn E. Setterberg
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., P.A.N., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
| | - Estela S. Alves
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.S.A., M.K., J.T.L.)
| | - Michaeljohn Kalakoutis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.S.A., M.K., J.T.L.)
| | - Ole M. Sejersted
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., P.A.N., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
| | - Johanna T. Lanner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.S.A., M.K., J.T.L.)
| | - Wolfgang A. Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Germany (A.U., W.A.L.)
| | - Ida G. Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., P.A.N., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
| | - Pieter P. de Tombe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago (P.P.d.T.)
- Phymedexp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, France (P.P.d.T.)
| | - William E. Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., P.A.N., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Norway (J.L., Y.H., M.L., M.R., T.R.K., M.F., I.E.S., O.M.S., I.G.L., W.E.L.)
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Lehman W, Rynkiewicz MJ. Troponin-I-induced tropomyosin pivoting defines thin-filament function in relaxed and active muscle. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202313387. [PMID: 37249525 PMCID: PMC10227645 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the crossbridge cycle that drives muscle contraction involves a reconfiguration of the troponin-tropomyosin complex on actin filaments. By comparing atomic models of troponin-tropomyosin fitted to cryo-EM structures of inhibited and Ca2+-activated thin filaments, we find that tropomyosin pivots rather than rolls or slides across actin as generally thought. We propose that pivoting can account for the Ca2+ activation that initiates muscle contraction and then relaxation influenced by troponin-I (TnI). Tropomyosin is well-known to occupy either of three meta-stable configurations on actin, regulating access of myosin motorheads to their actin-binding sites and thus the crossbridge cycle. At low Ca2+ concentrations, tropomyosin is trapped by TnI in an inhibitory B-state that sterically blocks myosin binding to actin, leading to muscle relaxation. Ca2+ binding to TnC draws TnI away from tropomyosin, while tropomyosin moves to a C-state location over actin. This partially relieves the steric inhibition and allows weak binding of myosin heads to actin, which then transition to strong actin-bound configurations, fully activating the thin filament. Nevertheless, the reconfiguration that accompanies the initial Ca2+-sensitive B-state/C-state shift in troponin-tropomyosin on actin remains uncertain and at best is described by moderate-resolution cryo-EM reconstructions. Our recent computational studies indicate that intermolecular residue-to-residue salt-bridge linkage between actin and tropomyosin is indistinguishable in B- and C-state thin filament configurations. We show here that tropomyosin can pivot about relatively fixed points on actin to accompany B-state/C-state structural transitions. We argue that at low Ca2+ concentrations C-terminal TnI domains attract tropomyosin, causing it to bend and then pivot toward the TnI, thus blocking myosin binding and contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lehman
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J. Rynkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Nelson S, Beck-Previs S, Sadayappan S, Tong C, Warshaw DM. Myosin-binding protein C stabilizes, but is not the sole determinant of SRX myosin in cardiac muscle. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213276. [PMID: 36688870 PMCID: PMC9884578 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The myosin super-relaxed (SRX) state is central to striated muscle metabolic and functional regulation. In skeletal muscle, SRX myosin are predominantly colocalized with myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C) in the sarcomere C-zone. To define how cardiac MyBP-C (cMyBP-C) and its specific domains contribute to stabilizing the SRX state in cardiac muscle, we took advantage of transgenic cMyBP-C null mice and those expressing cMyBP-C with a 271-residue N-terminal truncation. Utilizing super-resolution microscopy, we determined the lifetime and subsarcomeric location of individual fluorescent-ATP turnover events within isolated cardiac myofibrils. The proportion of SRX myosin demonstrated a gradient along the half-thick filament, highest in the P- and C-zones (72 ± 9% and 71 ± 6%, respectively) and lower in the D-zone (45 ± 10%), which lies farther from the sarcomere center and lacks cMyBP-C, suggesting a possible role for cMyBP-C in stabilizing the SRX. However, myofibrils from cMyBP-C null mice demonstrated an ∼40% SRX reduction, not only within the now cMyBP-C-free C-zone (49 ± 9% SRX), but also within the D-zone (22 ± 5% SRX). These data suggest that the influence of cMyBP-C on the SRX state is not limited to the C-zone but extends along the thick filament. Interestingly, myofibrils with N-terminal truncated cMyBP-C had an SRX content and spatial gradient similar to the cMyBP-C null, indicating that the N terminus of cMyBP-C is necessary for cMyBP-C's role in enhancing the SRX gradient along the entire thick filament. Given that SRX myosin exist as a gradient along the thick filament that is highest in the C-zone, even in the absence of cMyBP-C or its N-terminus, an inherent bias must exist in the structure of the thick filament to stabilize the SRX state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Nelson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Samantha Beck-Previs
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carl Tong
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - David M. Warshaw
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Eccentric muscle contractions: from single muscle fibre to whole muscle mechanics. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:421-435. [PMID: 36790515 PMCID: PMC10011336 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Eccentric muscle loading encompasses several unique features compared to other types of contractions. These features include increased force, work, and performance at decreased oxygen consumption, reduced metabolic cost, improved energy efficiency, as well as decreased muscle activity. This review summarises explanatory approaches to long-standing questions in terms of muscular contraction dynamics and molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying eccentric muscle loading. Moreover, this article intends to underscore the functional link between sarcomeric components, emphasising the fundamental role of titin in skeletal muscle. The giant filament titin reveals versatile functions ranging from sarcomere organisation and maintenance, providing passive tension and elasticity, and operates as a mechanosensory and signalling platform. Structurally, titin consists of a viscoelastic spring segment that allows activation-dependent coupling to actin. This titin-actin interaction can explain linear force increases in active lengthening experiments in biological systems. A three-filament model of skeletal muscle force production (mediated by titin) is supposed to overcome significant deviations between experimental observations and predictions by the classic sliding-filament and cross-bridge theories. Taken together, this review intends to contribute to a more detailed understanding of overall muscle behaviour and force generation-from a microscopic sarcomere level to a macroscopic multi-joint muscle level-impacting muscle modelling, the understanding of muscle function, and disease.
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Marcucci L. Muscle Mechanics and Thick Filament Activation: An Emerging Two-Way Interaction for the Vertebrate Striated Muscle Fine Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076265. [PMID: 37047237 PMCID: PMC10094676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Contraction in striated muscle is classically described as regulated by calcium-mediated structural changes in the actin-containing thin filaments, which release the binding sites for the interaction with myosin motors to produce force. In this view, myosin motors, arranged in the thick filaments, are basically always ready to interact with the thin filaments, which ultimately regulate the contraction. However, a new “dual-filament” activation paradigm is emerging, where both filaments must be activated to generate force. Growing evidence from the literature shows that the thick filament activation has a role on the striated muscle fine regulation, and its impairment is associated with severe pathologies. This review is focused on the proposed mechanical feedback that activates the inactive motors depending on the level of tension generated by the active ones, the so-called mechanosensing mechanism. Since the main muscle function is to generate mechanical work, the implications on muscle mechanics will be highlighted, showing: (i) how non-mechanical modulation of the thick filament activation influences the contraction, (ii) how the contraction influences the activation of the thick filament and (iii) how muscle, through the mechanical modulation of the thick filament activation, can regulate its own mechanics. This description highlights the crucial role of the emerging bi-directional feedback on muscle mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Marcucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Suita 565-0874, Japan
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Fukuda N, Granzier H, Ishiwata S, Morimoto S. Editorial: Recent Advances on Myocardium Physiology, Volume II. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1170396. [PMID: 37008018 PMCID: PMC10053225 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1170396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Norio Fukuda
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Norio Fukuda,
| | - Henk Granzier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Shin’ichi Ishiwata
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachio Morimoto
- School of Health Sciences at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
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Karan C, Chaudhuri D. Cooperation and competition in the collective drive by motor proteins: mean active force, fluctuations, and self-load. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:1834-1843. [PMID: 36789956 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01183b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We consider the dynamics of a bio-filament under the collective drive of motor proteins. They are attached irreversibly to a substrate and undergo stochastic attachment-detachment with the filament to produce a directed force on it. We establish the dependence of the mean directed force and force correlations on the parameters describing the individual motor proteins using analytical theory and direct numerical simulations. The effective Langevin description for the filament motion gives mean-squared displacement, asymptotic diffusion constant, and mobility leading to an effective temperature. Finally, we show how competition between motor protein extensions generates a self-load, describable in terms of the effective temperature, affecting the filament motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitrak Karan
- Institute of Physics, Sachivalaya Marg, Sainik School, Bhubaneswar, 751005, India.
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Debasish Chaudhuri
- Institute of Physics, Sachivalaya Marg, Sainik School, Bhubaneswar, 751005, India.
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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Kooiker KB, Mohran S, Turner KL, Ma W, Flint G, Qi L, Gao C, Zheng Y, McMillen TS, Mandrycky C, Martinson A, Mahoney-Schaefer M, Freeman JC, Costales Arenas EG, Tu AY, Irving TC, Geeves MA, Tanner BCW, Regnier M, Davis J, Moussavi-Harami F. Danicamtiv increases myosin recruitment and alters the chemomechanical cross bridge cycle in cardiac muscle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.31.526380. [PMID: 36778318 PMCID: PMC9915609 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.31.526380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Modulating myosin function is a novel therapeutic approach in patients with cardiomyopathy. Detailed mechanism of action of these agents can help predict potential unwanted affects and identify patient populations that can benefit most from them. Danicamtiv is a novel myosin activator with promising preclinical data that is currently in clinical trials. While it is known danicamtiv increases force and cardiomyocyte contractility without affecting calcium levels, detailed mechanistic studies regarding its mode of action are lacking. Using porcine cardiac tissue and myofibrils we demonstrate that Danicamtiv increases force and calcium sensitivity via increasing the number of myosin in the "on" state and slowing cross bridge turnover. Our detailed analysis shows that inhibition of ADP release results in decreased cross bridge turnover with cross bridges staying on longer and prolonging myofibril relaxation. Using a mouse model of genetic dilated cardiomyopathy, we demonstrated that Danicamtiv corrected calcium sensitivity in demembranated and abnormal twitch magnitude and kinetics in intact cardiac tissue. Significance Statement Directly augmenting sarcomere function has potential to overcome limitations of currently used inotropic agents to improve cardiac contractility. Myosin modulation is a novel mechanism for increased contraction in cardiomyopathies. Danicamtiv is a myosin activator that is currently under investigation for use in cardiomyopathy patients. Our study is the first detailed mechanism of how Danicamtiv increases force and alters kinetics of cardiac activation and relaxation. This new understanding of the mechanism of action of Danicamtiv can be used to help identify patients that could benefit most from this treatment.
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Hammert WB, Kataoka R, Yamada Y, Seffrin A, Kang A, Seob Song J, Wong V, Spitz RW, Loenneke JP. The Potential Role of the Myosin Head for Strength Gain in Hypertrophied Muscle. Med Hypotheses 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Matusovsky OS, Månsson A, Rassier DE. Cooperativity of myosin II motors in the non-regulated and regulated thin filaments investigated with high-speed AFM. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:213801. [PMID: 36633585 PMCID: PMC9859764 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal myosins II are non-processive molecular motors that work in ensembles to produce muscle contraction while binding to the actin filament. Although the molecular properties of myosin II are well known, there is still debate about the collective work of the motors: is there cooperativity between myosin motors while binding to the actin filaments? In this study, we use high-speed AFM to evaluate this issue. We observed that the initial binding of small arrays of myosin heads to the non-regulated actin filaments did not affect the cooperative probability of subsequent bindings and did not lead to an increase in the fractional occupancy of the actin binding sites. These results suggest that myosin motors are independent force generators when connected in small arrays, and that the binding of one myosin does not alter the kinetics of other myosins. In contrast, the probability of binding of myosin heads to regulated thin filaments under activating conditions (at high Ca2+ concentration in the presence of 2 μM ATP) was increased with the initial binding of one myosin, leading to a larger occupancy of available binding sites at the next half-helical pitch of the filament. The result suggests that myosin cooperativity is observed over five pseudo-repeats and defined by the activation status of the thin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg S. Matusovsky
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alf Månsson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Dilson E. Rassier
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada,Correspondence to Dilson E. Rassier:
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A century of exercise physiology: key concepts in muscle energetics. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:25-42. [PMID: 36271943 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the mid-nineteenth century, the concept of muscle behaving like a stretched spring was developed. This elastic model of contraction predicted that the energy available to perform work was established at the start of a contraction. Despite several studies showing evidence inconsistent with the elastic model, it persisted into the twentieth century. In 1923, W. O. Fenn published a paper in which he presented evidence that appeared to clearly refute the elastic model. Fenn showed that when a muscle performs work it produces more heat than when contracting isometrically. He proposed that energy for performing work was only made available in a muscle as and when that work was performed. However, his ideas were not adopted and it was only after 15 years of technical developments that in 1938 A. V. Hill performed experiments that conclusively disproved the elastic model and supported Fenn's conclusions. Hill showed that the rate of heat production increased as a muscle made the transition from isometric to working contraction. Understanding the basis of the phenomenon observed by Fenn and Hill required another 40 years in which the processes that generate force and work in muscle and the associated scheme of biochemical reactions were established. Demonstration of the biochemical equivalent of Hill's observations-changes in rate of ATP splitting when performing work-in 1999 was possible through further technical advances. The concept that the energy, from ATP splitting, required to perform work is dynamically modulated in accord with the loads a muscle encounters when contracting is key to understanding muscle energetics.
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