1
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Cruz VE, Weirich CS, Peddada N, Erzberger JP. The DEAD-box ATPase Dbp10/DDX54 initiates peptidyl transferase center formation during 60S ribosome biogenesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3296. [PMID: 38632236 PMCID: PMC11024185 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
DEAD-box ATPases play crucial roles in guiding rRNA restructuring events during the biogenesis of large (60S) ribosomal subunits, but their precise molecular functions are currently unknown. In this study, we present cryo-EM reconstructions of nucleolar pre-60S intermediates that reveal an unexpected, alternate secondary structure within the nascent peptidyl-transferase-center (PTC). Our analysis of three sequential nucleolar pre-60S intermediates reveals that the DEAD-box ATPase Dbp10/DDX54 remodels this alternate base pairing and enables the formation of the rRNA junction that anchors the mature form of the universally conserved PTC A-loop. Post-catalysis, Dbp10 captures rRNA helix H61, initiating the concerted exchange of biogenesis factors during late nucleolar 60S maturation. Our findings show that Dbp10 activity is essential for the formation of the ribosome active site and reveal how this function is integrated with subsequent assembly steps to drive the biogenesis of the large ribosomal subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor E Cruz
- Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center - ND10.124B, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- O'Donnell Brain Institute/CAND, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Christine S Weirich
- Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center - ND10.124B, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nagesh Peddada
- Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center - ND10.124B, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jan P Erzberger
- Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center - ND10.124B, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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2
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Mitterer V, Hamze H, Kunowska N, Stelzl U, Henras A, Hurt E. The RNA helicase Dbp10 coordinates assembly factor association with PTC maturation during ribosome biogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:1975-1987. [PMID: 38113283 PMCID: PMC10899779 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
During ribosome biogenesis a plethora of assembly factors and essential enzymes drive the unidirectional maturation of nascent pre-ribosomal subunits. The DEAD-box RNA helicase Dbp10 is suggested to restructure pre-ribosomal rRNA of the evolving peptidyl-transferase center (PTC) on nucleolar ribosomal 60S assembly intermediates. Here, we show that point mutations within conserved catalytic helicase-core motifs of Dbp10 yield a dominant-lethal growth phenotype. Such dbp10 mutants, which stably associate with pre-60S intermediates, impair pre-60S biogenesis at a nucleolar stage prior to the release of assembly factor Rrp14 and stable integration of late nucleolar factors such as Noc3. Furthermore, the binding of the GTPase Nug1 to particles isolated directly via mutant Dbp10 bait proteins is specifically inhibited. The N-terminal domain of Nug1 interacts with Dbp10 and the methyltransferase Spb1, whose pre-60S incorporation is also reduced in absence of functional Dbp10 resulting in decreased methylation of 25S rRNA nucleotide G2922. Our data suggest that Dbp10's helicase activity generates the necessary framework for assembly factor docking thereby permitting PTC rRNA methylation and the progression of pre-60S maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Mitterer
- Biochemistry Center, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hussein Hamze
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Natalia Kunowska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Stelzl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anthony K Henras
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Ed Hurt
- Biochemistry Center, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Deryabin A, Moraleva A, Dobrochaeva K, Kovaleva D, Rubtsova M, Dontsova O, Rubtsov Y. Human RPF1 and ESF1 in Pre-rRNA Processing and the Assembly of Pre-Ribosomal Particles: A Functional Study. Cells 2024; 13:326. [PMID: 38391939 PMCID: PMC10886481 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is essential for the functioning of living cells. In higher eukaryotes, this multistep process is tightly controlled and involves a variety of specialized proteins and RNAs. This pool of so-called ribosome biogenesis factors includes diverse proteins with enzymatic and structural functions. Some of them have homologs in yeast S. cerevisiae, and their function can be inferred from the structural and biochemical data obtained for the yeast counterparts. The functions of human proteins RPF1 and ESF1 remain largely unclear, although RPF1 has been recently shown to participate in 60S biogenesis. Both proteins have drawn our attention since they contribute to the early stages of ribosome biogenesis, which are far less studied than the later stages. In this study, we employed the loss-of-function shRNA/siRNA-based approach to the human cell line HEK293 to determine the role of RPF1 and ESF1 in ribosome biogenesis. Downregulating RPF1 and ESF1 significantly changed the pattern of RNA products derived from 47S pre-rRNA. Our findings demonstrate that RPF1 and ESF1 are associated with different pre-ribosomal particles, pre-60S, and pre-40S particles, respectively. Our results allow for speculation about the particular steps of pre-rRNA processing, which highly rely on the RPF1 and ESF1 functions. We suggest that both factors are not directly involved in pre-rRNA cleavage but rather help pre-rRNA to acquire the conformation favoring its cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Deryabin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 119997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Moraleva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 119997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Applied Mathematics, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kira Dobrochaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 119997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana Kovaleva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 119997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Rubtsova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Dontsova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 119997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury Rubtsov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 119997 Moscow, Russia
- N.N.Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Ma B, Liu H, Xiu ZH, Yang HH, Wang H, Wang Y, Tan BC. Defective kernel 58 encodes an Rrp15p domain-containing protein essential to ribosome biogenesis and seed development in maize. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1662-1675. [PMID: 38058237 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a highly dynamic and orchestrated process facilitated by hundreds of ribosomal biogenesis factors and small nucleolar RNAs. While many of the advances are derived from studies in yeast, ribosome biogenesis remains largely unknown in plants despite its importance to plant growth and development. Through characterizing the maize (Zea mays) defective kernel and embryo-lethal mutant dek58, we show that DEK58 encodes an Rrp15p domain-containing protein with 15.3% identity to yeast Rrp15. Over-expression of DEK58 rescues the mutant phenotype. DEK58 is localized in the nucleolus. Ribosome profiling and RNA gel blot analyses show that the absence of DEK58 reduces ribosome assembly and impedes pre-rRNA processing, accompanied by the accumulation of nearly all the pre-rRNA processing intermediates and the production of an aberrant processing product P-25S*. DEK58 interacts with ZmSSF1, a maize homolog of the yeast Ssf1 in the 60S processome. DEK58 and ZmSSF1 interact with ZmCK2α, a putative component of the yeast UTP-C complex involved in the small ribosomal subunit processome. These results demonstrate that DEK58 is essential to seed development in maize. It functions in the early stage of pre-rRNA processing in ribosome biogenesis, possibly through interacting with ZmSSF1 and ZmCK2α in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Xiu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Huan-Huan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hongqiu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Bao-Cai Tan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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5
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Zhao W, Miyashita O, Nakano M, Tama F. Structure determination using high-order spatial correlations in single-particle X-ray scattering. IUCRJ 2024; 11:92-108. [PMID: 38096036 PMCID: PMC10833384 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523009831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Single-particle imaging using X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) is a promising technique for observing nanoscale biological samples under near-physiological conditions. However, as the sample's orientation in each diffraction pattern is unknown, advanced algorithms are required to reconstruct the 3D diffraction intensity volume and subsequently the sample's density model. While most approaches perform 3D reconstruction via determining the orientation of each diffraction pattern, a correlation-based approach utilizes the averaged spatial correlations of diffraction intensities over all patterns, making it well suited for processing experimental data with a poor signal-to-noise ratio of individual patterns. Here, a method is proposed to determine the 3D structure of a sample by analyzing the double, triple and quadruple spatial correlations in diffraction patterns. This ab initio method can reconstruct the basic shape of an irregular unsymmetric 3D sample without requiring any prior knowledge of the sample. The impact of background and noise on correlations is investigated and corrected to ensure the success of reconstruction under simulated experimental conditions. Additionally, the feasibility of using the correlation-based approach to process incomplete partial diffraction patterns is demonstrated. The proposed method is a variable addition to existing algorithms for 3D reconstruction and will further promote the development and adoption of XFEL single-particle imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Zhao
- Computational Structural Biology Research Team, RIKEN Center for Computational Science, 6-7-1 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Osamu Miyashita
- Computational Structural Biology Research Team, RIKEN Center for Computational Science, 6-7-1 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Miki Nakano
- Computational Structural Biology Research Team, RIKEN Center for Computational Science, 6-7-1 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Florence Tama
- Computational Structural Biology Research Team, RIKEN Center for Computational Science, 6-7-1 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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6
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Fernández-Fernández J, Martín-Villanueva S, Perez-Fernandez J, de la Cruz J. The Role of Ribosomal Proteins eL15 and eL36 in the Early Steps of Yeast 60S Ribosomal Subunit Assembly. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168321. [PMID: 37865285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal proteins have important roles in maintaining the structure and function of mature ribosomes, but they also drive crucial rearrangement reactions during ribosome biogenesis. The contribution of most, but not all, ribosomal proteins to ribosome synthesis has been previously analyzed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Herein, we characterize the role of yeast eL15 during 60S ribosomal subunit formation. In vivo depletion of eL15 results in a shortage of 60S subunits and the appearance of half-mer polysomes. This is likely due to defective processing of the 27SA3 to the 27SBS pre-rRNA and impaired subsequent processing of both forms of 27SB pre-rRNAs to mature 25S and 5.8S rRNAs. Indeed, eL15 depletion leads to the efficient turnover of the de novo formed 27S pre-rRNAs. Additionally, depletion of eL15 blocks nucleocytoplasmic export of pre-60S particles. Moreover, we have analyzed the impact of depleting either eL15 or eL36 on the composition of early pre-60S particles, thereby revealing that the depletion of eL15 or eL36 not only affects each other's assembly into pre-60S particles but also that of neighboring ribosomal proteins, including eL8. These intermediates also lack most ribosome assembly factors required for 27SA3 and 27SB pre-rRNA processing, named A3- and B-factors, respectively. Importantly, our results recapitulate previous ones obtained upon eL8 depletion. We conclude that assembly of eL15, together with that of eL8 and eL36, is a prerequisite to shape domain I of 5.8S/25S rRNA within early pre-60S particles, through their binding to this rRNA domain and the recruitment of specific groups of assembly factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Fernández-Fernández
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, E-41013 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Sara Martín-Villanueva
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, E-41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Jorge Perez-Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, D-93051 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jesús de la Cruz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, E-41013 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Seville, Spain.
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7
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Thoms M, Lau B, Cheng J, Fromm L, Denk T, Kellner N, Flemming D, Fischer P, Falquet L, Berninghausen O, Beckmann R, Hurt E. Structural insights into coordinating 5S RNP rotation with ITS2 pre-RNA processing during ribosome formation. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57984. [PMID: 37921038 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The rixosome defined in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and humans performs diverse roles in pre-ribosomal RNA processing and gene silencing. Here, we isolate and describe the conserved rixosome from Chaetomium thermophilum, which consists of two sub-modules, the sphere-like Rix1-Ipi3-Ipi1 and the butterfly-like Las1-Grc3 complex, connected by a flexible linker. The Rix1 complex of the rixosome utilizes Sda1 as landing platform on nucleoplasmic pre-60S particles to wedge between the 5S rRNA tip and L1-stalk, thereby facilitating the 180° rotation of the immature 5S RNP towards its mature conformation. Upon rixosome positioning, the other sub-module with Las1 endonuclease and Grc3 polynucleotide-kinase can reach a strategic position at the pre-60S foot to cleave and 5' phosphorylate the nearby ITS2 pre-rRNA. Finally, inward movement of the L1 stalk permits the flexible Nop53 N-terminus with its AIM motif to become positioned at the base of the L1-stalk to facilitate Mtr4 helicase-exosome participation for completing ITS2 removal. Thus, the rixosome structure elucidates the coordination of two central ribosome biogenesis events, but its role in gene silencing may adapt similar strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Thoms
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lau
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jingdong Cheng
- Minhang Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisa Fromm
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timo Denk
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikola Kellner
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Flemming
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paulina Fischer
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laurent Falquet
- University of Fribourg and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Roland Beckmann
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ed Hurt
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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LaPeruta AJ, Micic J, Woolford Jr. JL. Additional principles that govern the release of pre-ribosomes from the nucleolus into the nucleoplasm in yeast. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:10867-10883. [PMID: 35736211 PMCID: PMC10639060 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis, pre-ribosomes travel from the nucleolus, where assembly is initiated, to the nucleoplasm and then are exported to the cytoplasm, where assembly concludes. Although nuclear export of pre-ribosomes has been extensively investigated, the release of pre-ribosomes from the nucleolus is an understudied phenomenon. Initial data indicate that unfolded rRNA interacts in trans with nucleolar components and that, when rRNA folds due to ribosomal protein (RP) binding, the number of trans interactions drops below the threshold necessary for nucleolar retention. To validate and expand on this idea, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of the protein components of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosome assembly pathway. We found that ribosome biogenesis factors (RiBi factors) contain significantly more predicted trans interacting regions than RPs. We also analyzed cryo-EM structures of ribosome assembly intermediates to determine how nucleolar pre-ribosomes differ from post-nucleolar pre-ribosomes, specifically the capacity of RPs, RiBi factors, and rRNA components to interact in trans. We observed a significant decrease in the theoretical trans-interacting capability of pre-ribosomes between nucleolar and post-nucleolar stages of assembly due to the release of RiBi factors from particles and the folding of rRNA. Here, we provide a mechanism for the release of pre-ribosomes from the nucleolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber J LaPeruta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jelena Micic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - John L Woolford Jr.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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9
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Cruz VE, Weirich CS, Peddada N, Erzberger JP. The DEAD-box ATPase Dbp10/DDX54 initiates peptidyl transferase center formation during 60S ribosome biogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.01.565222. [PMID: 37961218 PMCID: PMC10635065 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.01.565222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
DEAD-box ATPases play crucial roles in guiding rRNA restructuring events during the biogenesis of large (60S) ribosomal subunits, but their precise molecular functions are currently unknown. In this study, we present cryo-EM reconstructions of nucleolar pre-60S intermediates that reveal an unexpected, alternate secondary structure within the nascent peptidyl-transferase-center (PTC). Our analysis of three sequential nucleolar pre-60S intermediates reveals that the DEAD-box ATPase Dbp10/DDX54 remodels this alternate base pairing and enables the formation of the rRNA junction that anchors the mature form of the universally conserved PTC A-loop. Post-catalysis, Dbp10 captures rRNA helix H61, initiating the concerted exchange of biogenesis factors during late nucleolar 60S maturation. Our findings show that Dbp10 activity is essential for the formation of the ribosome active site and reveal how this function is integrated with subsequent assembly steps to drive the biogenesis of the large ribosomal subunit.
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10
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Zhang Y, Liang X, Luo S, Chen Y, Li Y, Ma C, Li N, Gao N. Visualizing the nucleoplasmic maturation of human pre-60S ribosomal particles. Cell Res 2023; 33:867-878. [PMID: 37491604 PMCID: PMC10624882 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic ribosome assembly is a highly orchestrated process that involves over two hundred protein factors. After early assembly events on nascent rRNA in the nucleolus, pre-60S particles undergo continuous maturation steps in the nucleoplasm, and prepare for nuclear export. Here, we report eleven cryo-EM structures of the nuclear pre-60S particles isolated from human cells through epitope-tagged GNL2, at resolutions of 2.8-4.3 Å. These high-resolution snapshots provide fine details for several major structural remodeling events at a virtual temporal resolution. Two new human nuclear factors, L10K and C11orf98, were also identified. Comparative structural analyses reveal that many assembly factors act as successive place holders to control the timing of factor association/dissociation events. They display multi-phasic binding properties for different domains and generate complex binding inter-dependencies as a means to guide the rRNA maturation process towards its mature conformation. Overall, our data reveal that nuclear assembly of human pre-60S particles is generally hierarchical with short branch pathways, and a few factors display specific roles as rRNA chaperones by confining rRNA helices locally to facilitate their folding, such as the C-terminal domain of SDAD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China.
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Bohnsack KE, Yi S, Venus S, Jankowsky E, Bohnsack MT. Cellular functions of eukaryotic RNA helicases and their links to human diseases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:749-769. [PMID: 37474727 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
RNA helicases are highly conserved proteins that use nucleoside triphosphates to bind or remodel RNA, RNA-protein complexes or both. RNA helicases are classified into the DEAD-box, DEAH/RHA, Ski2-like, Upf1-like and RIG-I families, and are the largest class of enzymes active in eukaryotic RNA metabolism - virtually all aspects of gene expression and its regulation involve RNA helicases. Mutation and dysregulation of these enzymes have been linked to a multitude of diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. In this Review, we discuss the regulation and functional mechanisms of RNA helicases and their roles in eukaryotic RNA metabolism, including in transcription regulation, pre-mRNA splicing, ribosome assembly, translation and RNA decay. We highlight intriguing models that link helicase structure, mechanisms of function (such as local strand unwinding, translocation, winching, RNA clamping and displacing RNA-binding proteins) and biological roles, including emerging connections between RNA helicases and cellular condensates formed through liquid-liquid phase separation. We also discuss associations of RNA helicases with human diseases and recent efforts towards the design of small-molecule inhibitors of these pivotal regulators of eukaryotic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Bohnsack
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Soon Yi
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Venus
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eckhard Jankowsky
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Markus T Bohnsack
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Göttingen Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
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12
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Sheng K, Li N, Rabuck-Gibbons JN, Dong X, Lyumkis D, Williamson JR. Assembly landscape for the bacterial large ribosomal subunit. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5220. [PMID: 37633970 PMCID: PMC10460392 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40859-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Assembly of ribosomes in bacteria is highly efficient, taking ~2-3 min, but this makes the abundance of assembly intermediates very low, which is a challenge for mechanistic understanding. Genetic perturbations of the assembly process create bottlenecks where intermediates accumulate, facilitating structural characterization. We use cryo-electron microscopy, with iterative subclassification to identify intermediates in the assembly of the 50S ribosomal subunit from E. coli. The analysis of the ensemble of intermediates that spans the entire biogenesis pathway for the 50 S subunit was facilitated by a dimensionality reduction and cluster picking approach using PCA-UMAP-HDBSCAN. The identity of the cooperative folding units in the RNA with associated proteins is revealed, and the hierarchy of these units reveals a complete assembly map for all RNA and protein components. The assembly generally proceeds co-transcriptionally, with some flexibility in the landscape to ensure efficiency for this central cellular process under a variety of growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sheng
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Chemistry, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Chemistry, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jessica N Rabuck-Gibbons
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Chemistry, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Xiyu Dong
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Chemistry, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Dmitry Lyumkis
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Chemistry, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - James R Williamson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Chemistry, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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13
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Castillo Duque de Estrada NM, Thoms M, Flemming D, Hammaren HM, Buschauer R, Ameismeier M, Baßler J, Beck M, Beckmann R, Hurt E. Structure of nascent 5S RNPs at the crossroad between ribosome assembly and MDM2-p53 pathways. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1119-1131. [PMID: 37291423 PMCID: PMC10442235 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The 5S ribonucleoprotein (RNP) is assembled from its three components (5S rRNA, Rpl5/uL18 and Rpl11/uL5) before being incorporated into the pre-60S subunit. However, when ribosome synthesis is disturbed, a free 5S RNP can enter the MDM2-p53 pathway to regulate cell cycle and apoptotic signaling. Here we reconstitute and determine the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the conserved hexameric 5S RNP with fungal or human factors. This reveals how the nascent 5S rRNA associates with the initial nuclear import complex Syo1-uL18-uL5 and, upon further recruitment of the nucleolar factors Rpf2 and Rrs1, develops into the 5S RNP precursor that can assemble into the pre-ribosome. In addition, we elucidate the structure of another 5S RNP intermediate, carrying the human ubiquitin ligase Mdm2, which unravels how this enzyme can be sequestered from its target substrate p53. Our data provide molecular insight into how the 5S RNP can mediate between ribosome biogenesis and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Thoms
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Flemming
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henrik M Hammaren
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Buschauer
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jochen Baßler
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Beck
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roland Beckmann
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ed Hurt
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany.
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14
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Khreiss A, Bohnsack KE, Bohnsack MT. Molecular functions of RNA helicases during ribosomal subunit assembly. Biol Chem 2023; 404:781-789. [PMID: 37233600 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
During their biogenesis, the ribosomal subunits undergo numerous structural and compositional changes to achieve their final architecture. RNA helicases are a key driving force of such remodelling events but deciphering their particular functions has long been challenging due to lack of knowledge of their molecular functions and RNA substrates. Advances in the biochemical characterisation of RNA helicase activities together with new insights into RNA helicase binding sites on pre-ribosomes and structural snapshots of pre-ribosomal complexes containing RNA helicases now open the door to a deeper understanding of precisely how different RNA helicases contribute to ribosomal subunit maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khreiss
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katherine E Bohnsack
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus T Bohnsack
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Centre for Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August University, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Moraleva A, Deryabin A, Kordyukova M, Polzikov M, Shishova K, Dobrochaeva K, Rubtsov Y, Rubtsova M, Dontsova O, Zatsepina O. Human nucleolar protein SURF6/RRP14 participates in early steps of pre-rRNA processing. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285833. [PMID: 37450438 PMCID: PMC10348582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The biogenesis of ribosomes requires tightly controlled transcription and processing of pre-rRNA which comprises ribosomal RNAs forming the core of large and small ribosomal subunits. Early steps of the pre-rRNA processing and assembly of the ribosomal subunits require a large set of proteins that perform folding and nucleolytic cleavage of pre-rRNAs in the nucleoli. Structure and functions of proteins involved in the pre-rRNA processing have been extensively studied in the budding yeast S. cerevisiae. Functional characterization of their human homologues is complicated by the complexity of mammalian ribosomes and increased number of protein factors involved in the ribosomal biogenesis. Homologues of human nucleolar protein SURF6 from yeast and mouse, Rrp14 and Surf6, respectively, had been shown to be involved in the early steps of pre-rRNA processing. Rrp14 works as RNA chaperone in complex with proteins Ssf1 and Rrp15. Human SURF6 knockdown and overexpression were used to clarify a role of SURF6 in the early steps of pre-rRNA processing in human cell lines HeLa and HTC116. By analyzing the abundance of the rRNA precursors in cells with decreased level or overexpression of SURF6, we demonstrated that human SURF6 is involved in the maturation of rRNAs from both small and large ribosomal subunits. Changes in the SURF6 level caused by knockdown or overexpression of the protein do not result in the death of HeLa cells in contrast to murine embryonic fibroblasts, but significantly alter the distribution of cells among the phases of the cell cycle. SURF6 knockdown in both p53 sufficient and p53 deficient HCT116 human cancer cells results in elongation of G0/G1 and shortening of G2/M phase. This surprising result suggests p53 independence of SURF6 effects on the cell cycle and possible multiple functions of SURF6. Our data point to the shift from pathway 1 to pathway 2 of the rRNA biogenesis caused by the SURF6 knockdown and its likely association with p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Moraleva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Deryabin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Kordyukova
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Polzikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kseniya Shishova
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kira Dobrochaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yury Rubtsov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Rubtsova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Dontsova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- SkolTech, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Zatsepina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
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16
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Vanden Broeck A, Klinge S. Principles of human pre-60 S biogenesis. Science 2023; 381:eadh3892. [PMID: 37410842 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh3892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
During the early stages of human large ribosomal subunit (60S) biogenesis, an ensemble of assembly factors establishes and fine-tunes the essential RNA functional centers of pre-60S particles by an unknown mechanism. Here, we report a series of cryo-electron microscopy structures of human nucleolar and nuclear pre-60S assembly intermediates at resolutions of 2.5 to 3.2 angstroms. These structures show how protein interaction hubs tether assembly factor complexes to nucleolar particles and how guanosine triphosphatases and adenosine triphosphatase couple irreversible nucleotide hydrolysis steps to the installation of functional centers. Nuclear stages highlight how a conserved RNA-processing complex, the rixosome, couples large-scale RNA conformational changes with pre-ribosomal RNA processing by the RNA degradation machinery. Our ensemble of human pre-60S particles provides a rich foundation with which to elucidate the molecular principles of ribosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Vanden Broeck
- Laboratory of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sebastian Klinge
- Laboratory of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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17
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Lau B, Huang Z, Kellner N, Niu S, Berninghausen O, Beckmann R, Hurt E, Cheng J. Mechanism of 5S RNP recruitment and helicase-surveilled rRNA maturation during pre-60S biogenesis. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56910. [PMID: 37129998 PMCID: PMC10328080 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202356910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis proceeds along a multifaceted pathway from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm that is extensively coupled to several quality control mechanisms. However, the mode by which 5S ribosomal RNA is incorporated into the developing pre-60S ribosome, which in humans links ribosome biogenesis to cell proliferation by surveillance by factors such as p53-MDM2, is poorly understood. Here, we report nine nucleolar pre-60S cryo-EM structures from Chaetomium thermophilum, one of which clarifies the mechanism of 5S RNP incorporation into the early pre-60S. Successive assembly states then represent how helicases Dbp10 and Spb4, and the Pumilio domain factor Puf6 act in series to surveil the gradual folding of the nearby 25S rRNA domain IV. Finally, the methyltransferase Spb1 methylates a universally conserved guanine nucleotide in the A-loop of the peptidyl transferase center, thereby licensing further maturation. Our findings provide insight into the hierarchical action of helicases in safeguarding rRNA tertiary structure folding and coupling to surveillance mechanisms that culminate in local RNA modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lau
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Zixuan Huang
- Minhang Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Nikola Kellner
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH)HeidelbergGermany
| | | | | | - Roland Beckmann
- Gene CenterLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Ed Hurt
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jingdong Cheng
- Minhang Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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18
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Choi I, Jeon Y, Pai HS. Brix protein APPAN plays a role in ribosomal RNA processing in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 333:111721. [PMID: 37146691 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis APPAN is a Brix family protein that is homologous to yeast Ssf1/Ssf2 and PPan in higher eukaryotes. A previous study, mostly based on physiological experiments, revealed that APPAN plays an essential role in female gametogenesis in plants. Here, we investigated cellular functions of APPAN, which could be the molecular basis for developmental defects in snail1/appan mutants. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of APPAN in Arabidopsis resulted in abnormal shoot apices, leading to defective inflorescences and malformed flowers and leaves. APPAN is localized in the nucleolus and co-sedimented mainly with 60S ribosome subunit. RNA gel blot analyses showed overaccumulation of processing intermediates, particularly 35S and P-A3, and the sequences were confirmed by circular RT-PCR. These results suggested that silencing of APPAN causes defective pre-rRNA processing. Metabolic rRNA labeling showed that APPAN depletion mainly reduced 25S rRNA synthesis. Consistently, based on the ribosome profiling, the levels of 60S/80S ribosomes were significantly reduced. Finally, APPAN deficiency caused nucleolar stress with abnormal nucleolar morphology and translocation of nucleolar proteins into the nucleoplasm. Collectively, these results suggest that APPAN plays a crucial role in plant rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis, and its depletion disrupts plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyeong Choi
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Young Jeon
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Sook Pai
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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19
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Sanghai ZA, Piwowarczyk R, Broeck AV, Klinge S. A co-transcriptional ribosome assembly checkpoint controls nascent large ribosomal subunit maturation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:594-599. [PMID: 37037974 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-00947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
During transcription of eukaryotic ribosomal DNA in the nucleolus, assembly checkpoints exist that guarantee the formation of stable precursors of small and large ribosomal subunits. While the formation of an early large subunit assembly checkpoint precedes the separation of small and large subunit maturation, its mechanism of action and function remain unknown. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the yeast co-transcriptional large ribosomal subunit assembly intermediate that serves as a checkpoint. The structure provides the mechanistic basis for how quality-control pathways are established through co-transcriptional ribosome assembly factors, that structurally interrogate, remodel and, together with ribosomal proteins, cooperatively stabilize correctly folded pre-ribosomal RNA. Our findings thus provide a molecular explanation for quality control during eukaryotic ribosome assembly in the nucleolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra A Sanghai
- Laboratory of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rafal Piwowarczyk
- Laboratory of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arnaud Vanden Broeck
- Laboratory of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sebastian Klinge
- Laboratory of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.
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20
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Broeck AV, Klinge S. Principles of human pre-60 S biogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.14.532478. [PMID: 36993238 PMCID: PMC10054963 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
During early stages of human large ribosomal subunit (60 S ) biogenesis, an ensemble of assembly factors establishes and fine-tunes the essential RNA functional centers of pre-60 S particles by an unknown mechanism. Here, we report a series of cryo-electron microscopy structures of human nucleolar and nuclear pre-60 S assembly intermediates at resolutions of 2.5-3.2 Ã…. These structures show how protein interaction hubs tether assembly factor complexes to nucleolar particles and how GTPases and ATPases couple irreversible nucleotide hydrolysis steps to the installation of functional centers. Nuclear stages highlight how a conserved RNA processing complex, the rixosome, couples large-scale RNA conformational changes to pre-rRNA processing by the RNA degradation machinery. Our ensemble of human pre-60 S particles provides a rich foundation to elucidate the molecular principles of ribosome formation. One-Sentence Summary High-resolution cryo-EM structures of human pre-60S particles reveal new principles of eukaryotic ribosome assembly.
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21
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Cryo-EM captures early ribosome assembly in action. Nat Commun 2023; 14:898. [PMID: 36797249 PMCID: PMC9935924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a fundamental multi-step cellular process in all domains of life that involves the production, processing, folding, and modification of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and ribosomal proteins. To obtain insights into the still unexplored early assembly phase of the bacterial 50S subunit, we exploited a minimal in vitro reconstitution system using purified ribosomal components and scalable reaction conditions. Time-limited assembly assays combined with cryo-EM analysis visualizes the structurally complex assembly pathway starting with a particle consisting of ordered density for only ~500 nucleotides of 23S rRNA domain I and three ribosomal proteins. In addition, our structural analysis reveals that early 50S assembly occurs in a domain-wise fashion, while late 50S assembly proceeds incrementally. Furthermore, we find that both ribosomal proteins and folded rRNA helices, occupying surface exposed regions on pre-50S particles, induce, or stabilize rRNA folds within adjacent regions, thereby creating cooperativity.
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22
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Parker MD, Karbstein K. Quality control ensures fidelity in ribosome assembly and cellular health. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213871. [PMID: 36790396 PMCID: PMC9960125 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202209115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordinated integration of ribosomal RNA and protein into two functional ribosomal subunits is safeguarded by quality control checkpoints that ensure ribosomes are correctly assembled and functional before they engage in translation. Quality control is critical in maintaining the integrity of ribosomes and necessary to support healthy cell growth and prevent diseases associated with mistakes in ribosome assembly. Its importance is demonstrated by the finding that bypassing quality control leads to misassembled, malfunctioning ribosomes with altered translation fidelity, which change gene expression and disrupt protein homeostasis. In this review, we outline our understanding of quality control within ribosome synthesis and how failure to enforce quality control contributes to human disease. We first provide a definition of quality control to guide our investigation, briefly present the main assembly steps, and then examine stages of assembly that test ribosome function, establish a pass-fail system to evaluate these functions, and contribute to altered ribosome performance when bypassed, and are thus considered "quality control."
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D. Parker
- The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,University of Florida—Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Katrin Karbstein
- The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,University of Florida—Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute Faculty Scholar, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA,Correspondence to Katrin Karbstein:
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23
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Dörner K, Ruggeri C, Zemp I, Kutay U. Ribosome biogenesis factors-from names to functions. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112699. [PMID: 36762427 PMCID: PMC10068337 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of ribosomal subunits is a highly orchestrated process that involves a huge cohort of accessory factors. Most eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis factors were first identified by genetic screens and proteomic approaches of pre-ribosomal particles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Later, research on human ribosome synthesis not only demonstrated that the requirement for many of these factors is conserved in evolution, but also revealed the involvement of additional players, reflecting a more complex assembly pathway in mammalian cells. Yet, it remained a challenge for the field to assign a function to many of the identified factors and to reveal their molecular mode of action. Over the past decade, structural, biochemical, and cellular studies have largely filled this gap in knowledge and led to a detailed understanding of the molecular role that many of the players have during the stepwise process of ribosome maturation. Such detailed knowledge of the function of ribosome biogenesis factors will be key to further understand and better treat diseases linked to disturbed ribosome assembly, including ribosomopathies, as well as different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Dörner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Sciences Ph.D. Program, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Ruggeri
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,RNA Biology Ph.D. Program, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Zemp
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Kutay
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Archaea/eukaryote-specific ribosomal proteins - guardians of a complex structure. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1249-1261. [PMID: 36817958 PMCID: PMC9932298 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In three domains of life, proteins are synthesized by large ribonucleoprotein particles called ribosomes. All ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) and numerous ribosomal proteins (r-protein). The three-dimensional shape of ribosomes is mainly defined by a tertiary structure of rRNAs. In addition, rRNAs have a major role in decoding the information carried by messenger RNAs and catalyzing the peptide bond formation. R-proteins are essential for shaping the network of interactions that contribute to a various aspects of the protein synthesis machinery, including assembly of ribosomes and interaction of ribosomal subunits. Structural studies have revealed that many key components of ribosomes are conserved in all life domains. Besides the core structure, ribosomes contain domain-specific structural features that include additional r-proteins and extensions of rRNA and r-proteins. This review focuses specifically on those r-proteins that are found only in archaeal and eukaryotic ribosomes. The role of these archaea/eukaryote specific r-proteins in stabilizing the ribosome structure is discussed. Several examples illustrate their functions in the formation of the internal network of ribosomal subunits and interactions between the ribosomal subunits. In addition, the significance of these r-proteins in ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis is highlighted.
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25
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Guerra-Slompo E, Cesaro G, Guimarães B, Zanchin N. Dissecting Trypanosoma brucei RRP44 function in the maturation of segmented ribosomal RNA using a regulated genetic complementation system. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:396-419. [PMID: 36610751 PMCID: PMC9841430 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei belongs to a group of protozoans presenting fragmented large subunit rRNA. Its LSU rRNA equivalent to the 25S/28S rRNA of other eukaryotes is split into six fragments, requiring additional processing for removal of the extra spacer sequences. We have used a genetic complementation strategy to further investigate the T. brucei RRP44 nuclease in pre-rRNA maturation. TbRRP44 contains both a PIN and a RNB domain whose homologues are found in association with the exosome complex. We found that the exonucleolytic activity of the RNB domain as well as the physical presence of the PIN domain are essential for TbRRP44 function, while a catalytic site mutation in the PIN domain has no detectable effect on cell growth. A new endonucleolytic cleavage site in ITS1 was identified. In addition to the 5.8S rRNA 3'-end maturation, TbRRP44 is required for degradation of the excised 5'-ETS and for removal of part of ITS1 during maturation of the 18S rRNA 3'-end. TbRRP44 deficiency leads to accumulation of many LSU intermediate precursors, most of them not detected in control cells. TbRRP44 is also required for U3 snoRNA and spliced leader processing, indicating that TbRRP44 may have a wide role in RNA processing in T. brucei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Pavão Guerra-Slompo
- Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, R. Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, 81350-010, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Cesaro
- Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, R. Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, 81350-010, Curitiba-PR, Brazil,Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Gomes Guimarães
- Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, R. Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, 81350-010, Curitiba-PR, Brazil,Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
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26
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Khreiss A, Capeyrou R, Lebaron S, Albert B, Bohnsack K, Bohnsack M, Henry Y, Henras A, Humbert O. The DEAD-box protein Dbp6 is an ATPase and RNA annealase interacting with the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) of the ribosome. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:744-764. [PMID: 36610750 PMCID: PMC9881158 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosomes are ribozymes, hence correct folding of the rRNAs during ribosome biogenesis is crucial to ensure catalytic activity. RNA helicases, which can modulate RNA-RNA and RNA/protein interactions, are proposed to participate in rRNA tridimensional folding. Here, we analyze the biochemical properties of Dbp6, a DEAD-box RNA helicase required for the conversion of the initial 90S pre-ribosomal particle into the first pre-60S particle. We demonstrate that in vitro, Dbp6 shows ATPase as well as annealing and clamping activities negatively regulated by ATP. Mutations in Dbp6 core motifs involved in ATP binding and ATP hydrolysis are lethal and impair Dbp6 ATPase activity but increase its RNA binding and RNA annealing activities. These data suggest that correct regulation of these activities is important for Dbp6 function in vivo. Using in vivo cross-linking (CRAC) experiments, we show that Dbp6 interacts with 25S rRNA sequences located in the 5' domain I and in the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), and also crosslinks to snoRNAs hybridizing to the immature PTC. We propose that the ATPase and RNA clamping/annealing activities of Dbp6 modulate interactions of snoRNAs with the immature PTC and/or contribute directly to the folding of this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khreiss
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Régine Capeyrou
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Lebaron
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin Albert
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Katherine E Bohnsack
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus T Bohnsack
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany,Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yves Henry
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Yves Henry. Tel: +33 5 61 33 59 53; Fax: +33 5 61 33 58 86;
| | - Anthony K Henras
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Anthony Henras. Tel: +33 5 61 33 59 55; Fax: +33 5 61 33 58 86;
| | - Odile Humbert
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33 5 61 33 59 52; Fax: +33 5 61 33 58 86;
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27
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Cruz VE, Sekulski K, Peddada N, Sailer C, Balasubramanian S, Weirich CS, Stengel F, Erzberger JP. Sequence-specific remodeling of a topologically complex RNP substrate by Spb4. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:1228-1238. [PMID: 36482249 PMCID: PMC10680166 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DEAD-box ATPases are ubiquitous enzymes essential in all aspects of RNA biology. However, the limited in vitro catalytic activities described for these enzymes are at odds with their complex cellular roles, most notably in driving large-scale RNA remodeling steps during the assembly of ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). We describe cryo-EM structures of 60S ribosomal biogenesis intermediates that reveal how context-specific RNA unwinding by the DEAD-box ATPase Spb4 results in extensive, sequence-specific remodeling of rRNA secondary structure. Multiple cis and trans interactions stabilize Spb4 in a post-catalytic, high-energy intermediate that drives the organization of the three-way junction at the base of rRNA domain IV. This mechanism explains how limited strand separation by DEAD-box ATPases is leveraged to provide non-equilibrium directionality and ensure efficient and accurate RNP assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Emmanuel Cruz
- Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center - ND10.124B, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kamil Sekulski
- Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center - ND10.124B, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nagesh Peddada
- Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center - ND10.124B, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carolin Sailer
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Sahana Balasubramanian
- Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center - ND10.124B, Dallas, TX, USA
- Cell Biology & Molecular Physiology Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christine S Weirich
- Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center - ND10.124B, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Florian Stengel
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jan P Erzberger
- Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center - ND10.124B, Dallas, TX, USA.
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28
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Chromatin localization of nucleophosmin organizes ribosome biogenesis. Mol Cell 2022; 82:4443-4457.e9. [PMID: 36423630 PMCID: PMC9949351 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis takes place in the nucleolus, a nuclear membrane-less organelle. Although well studied, it remains unknown how nascent ribosomal subunits separate from the central chromatin compartment and move to the outer granular component, where maturation occurs. We find that the Schizosaccharomyces pombe nucleophosmin-like protein Fkbp39 localizes to rDNA sites encoding the 60S subunit rRNA, and this localization contributes to its specific association with nascent 60S subunits. Fkbp39 dissociates from chromatin to bind nascent 60S subunits, causing the latter to partition away from chromatin and from nascent 40S subunits through liquid-liquid phase separation. In vivo, Fkbp39 binding directs the translocation of nascent 60S subunits toward the nucleophosmin-rich granular component. This process increases the efficiency of 60S subunit assembly, facilitating the incorporation of 60S RNA domain III. Thus, chromatin localization determines the specificity of nucleophosmin in sorting nascent ribosomal subunits and coordinates their movement into specialized assembly compartments within the nucleolus.
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29
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Meier UT. The daunting task of modifying ribosomal RNA. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 28:1555-1557. [PMID: 36109161 PMCID: PMC9670813 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079391.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the most basic tasks of every cell is the synthesis of ribosomes, yet the process is so complex that we are only beginning to comprehend it. In human cells, the final product contains four RNAs and 79 proteins forming a large ribonucleoprotein, the ribosome. About twice as many factors are involved in assembly of these protein synthesizing machines. Additionally, some 200 small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (snoRNPs) function in the modification of pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) at a similar number of ribonucleotides. Modification is essential for proper function and biogenesis of ribosomes (Decatur and Fournier 2002; Sloan et al. 2016). While abrogation of individual modifications has little to no measurable effects, removal of a combination of modifications or of all causes severe to lethal effects. Modifications mostly cluster around the functional centers of the ribosome and some modifications are important for ribosome assembly. The subject of this perspective is to raise awareness to how modification at so many sites can be achieved while the pre-rRNA is being processed, folded and re-folded, and assembled with ribosomal proteins to yield the pre-ribosomal subunits in the nucleolus (Baßler and Hurt 2019). This is not a comprehensive review but a simplification of complex issues providing access to the general reader.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Thomas Meier
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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30
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Mechanisms and players of mitoribosomal biogenesis revealed in trypanosomatids. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:1053-1067. [PMID: 36075844 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Translation in mitochondria is mediated by mitochondrial ribosomes, or mitoribosomes, complex ribonucleoprotein machines with dual genetic origin. Mitoribosomes in trypanosomatid parasites diverged markedly from their bacterial ancestors and other eukaryotic lineages in terms of protein composition, rRNA content, and overall architecture, yet their core functional elements remained conserved. Recent cryo-electron microscopy studies provided atomic models of trypanosomatid large and small mitoribosomal subunits and their precursors, making these parasites the organisms with the best-understood biogenesis of mitoribosomes. The structures revealed molecular mechanisms and players involved in the assembly of mitoribosomes not only in the parasites, but also in eukaryotes in general.
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31
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Cheng J, Lau B, Thoms M, Ameismeier M, Berninghausen O, Hurt E, Beckmann R. The nucleoplasmic phase of pre-40S formation prior to nuclear export. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:11924-11937. [PMID: 36321656 PMCID: PMC9723619 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenesis of the small ribosomal subunit in eukaryotes starts in the nucleolus with the formation of a 90S precursor and ends in the cytoplasm. Here, we elucidate the enigmatic structural transitions of assembly intermediates from human and yeast cells during the nucleoplasmic maturation phase. After dissociation of all 90S factors, the 40S body adopts a close-to-mature conformation, whereas the 3' major domain, later forming the 40S head, remains entirely immature. A first coordination is facilitated by the assembly factors TSR1 and BUD23-TRMT112, followed by re-positioning of RRP12 that is already recruited early to the 90S for further head rearrangements. Eventually, the uS2 cluster, CK1 (Hrr25 in yeast) and the export factor SLX9 associate with the pre-40S to provide export competence. These exemplary findings reveal the evolutionary conserved mechanism of how yeast and humans assemble the 40S ribosomal subunit, but reveal also a few minor differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdong Cheng
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Munich LMU, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Fudan University, Dong’an Road 131, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Benjamin Lau
- BZH, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Thoms
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Munich LMU, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Ameismeier
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Munich LMU, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Otto Berninghausen
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Munich LMU, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ed Hurt
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Ed Hurt.
| | - Roland Beckmann
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 89 218076900; Fax: +49 89 218076945;
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32
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Prattes M, Grishkovskaya I, Hodirnau VV, Hetzmannseder C, Zisser G, Sailer C, Kargas V, Loibl M, Gerhalter M, Kofler L, Warren AJ, Stengel F, Haselbach D, Bergler H. Visualizing maturation factor extraction from the nascent ribosome by the AAA-ATPase Drg1. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:942-953. [PMID: 36097293 PMCID: PMC9507969 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The AAA-ATPase Drg1 is a key factor in eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis that initiates cytoplasmic maturation of the large ribosomal subunit. Drg1 releases the shuttling maturation factor Rlp24 from pre-60S particles shortly after nuclear export, a strict requirement for downstream maturation. The molecular mechanism of release remained elusive. Here, we report a series of cryo-EM structures that captured the extraction of Rlp24 from pre-60S particles by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Drg1. These structures reveal that Arx1 and the eukaryote-specific rRNA expansion segment ES27 form a joint docking platform that positions Drg1 for efficient extraction of Rlp24 from the pre-ribosome. The tips of the Drg1 N domains thereby guide the Rlp24 C terminus into the central pore of the Drg1 hexamer, enabling extraction by a hand-over-hand translocation mechanism. Our results uncover substrate recognition and processing by Drg1 step by step and provide a comprehensive mechanistic picture of the conserved modus operandi of AAA-ATPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Prattes
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Irina Grishkovskaya
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Gertrude Zisser
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carolin Sailer
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Vasileios Kargas
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mathias Loibl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Lisa Kofler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alan J Warren
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florian Stengel
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - David Haselbach
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Helmut Bergler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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33
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Bhutada P, Favre S, Jaafar M, Hafner J, Liesinger L, Unterweger S, Bischof K, Darnhofer B, Siva Sankar D, Rechberger G, Abou Merhi R, Lebaron S, Birner-Gruenberger R, Kressler D, Henras AK, Pertschy B. Rbp95 binds to 25S rRNA helix H95 and cooperates with the Npa1 complex during early pre-60S particle maturation. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:10053-10077. [PMID: 36018804 PMCID: PMC9508819 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic ribosome synthesis involves more than 200 assembly factors, which promote ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing, modification and folding, and assembly of ribosomal proteins. The formation and maturation of the earliest pre-60S particles requires structural remodeling by the Npa1 complex, but is otherwise still poorly understood. Here, we introduce Rbp95 (Ycr016w), a constituent of early pre-60S particles, as a novel ribosome assembly factor. We show that Rbp95 is both genetically and physically linked to most Npa1 complex members and to ribosomal protein Rpl3. We demonstrate that Rbp95 is an RNA-binding protein containing two independent RNA-interacting domains. In vivo, Rbp95 associates with helix H95 in the 3′ region of the 25S rRNA, in close proximity to the binding sites of Npa1 and Rpl3. Additionally, Rbp95 interacts with several snoRNAs. The absence of Rbp95 results in alterations in the protein composition of early pre-60S particles. Moreover, combined mutation of Rbp95 and Npa1 complex members leads to a delay in the maturation of early pre-60S particles. We propose that Rbp95 acts together with the Npa1 complex during early pre-60S maturation, potentially by promoting pre-rRNA folding events within pre-60S particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bhutada
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sébastien Favre
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mariam Jaafar
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France.,Genomic Stability and Biotherapy (GSBT) Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Rafik Hariri Campus, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jutta Hafner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Liesinger
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Unterweger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Bischof
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Darnhofer
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Devanarayanan Siva Sankar
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gerald Rechberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Raghida Abou Merhi
- Genomic Stability and Biotherapy (GSBT) Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Rafik Hariri Campus, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Simon Lebaron
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/E164, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Kressler
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anthony K Henras
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Brigitte Pertschy
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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34
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Moraleva AA, Deryabin AS, Rubtsov YP, Rubtsova MP, Dontsova OA. Eukaryotic Ribosome Biogenesis: The 60S Subunit. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:39-49. [PMID: 35925480 PMCID: PMC9307984 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is consecutive coordinated maturation of ribosomal precursors in the nucleolus, nucleoplasm, and cytoplasm. The formation of mature ribosomal subunits involves hundreds of ribosomal biogenesis factors that ensure ribosomal RNA processing, tertiary structure, and interaction with ribosomal proteins. Although the main features and stages of ribosome biogenesis are conservative among different groups of eukaryotes, this process in human cells has become more complicated due to the larger size of the ribosomes and pre-ribosomes and intricate regulatory pathways affecting their assembly and function. Many of the factors involved in the biogenesis of human ribosomes have been identified using genome-wide screening based on RNA interference. A previous part of this review summarized recent data on the processing of the primary rRNA transcript and compared the maturation of the small 40S subunit in yeast and human cells. This part of the review focuses on the biogenesis of the large 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Moraleva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - A. S. Deryabin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - Yu. P. Rubtsov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - M. P. Rubtsova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - O. A. Dontsova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991 Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205 Russia
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35
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Lin S, Rajan S, Lemberg S, Altawil M, Anderson K, Bryant R, Cappeta S, Chin B, Hamdan I, Hamer A, Hyzny R, Karp A, Lee D, Lim A, Nayak M, Palaniappan V, Park S, Satishkumar S, Seth A, Sri Dasari U, Toppari E, Vyas A, Walker J, Weston E, Zafar A, Zielke C, Mahabeleshwar GH, Tartakoff AM. Production of nascent ribosome precursors within the nucleolar microenvironment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2022; 221:iyac070. [PMID: 35657327 PMCID: PMC9252279 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
35S rRNA transcripts include a 5'-external transcribed spacer followed by rRNAs of the small and large ribosomal subunits. Their processing yields massive precursors that include dozens of assembly factor proteins. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, nucleolar assembly factors form 2 coaxial layers/volumes around ribosomal DNA. Most of these factors are cyclically recruited from a latent state to an operative state, and are extensively conserved. The layers match, at least approximately, known subcompartments found in higher eukaryotic cells. ∼80% of assembly factors are essential. The number of copies of these assembly factors is comparable to the number of nascent transcripts. Moreover, they exhibit "isoelectric balance," with RNA-binding candidate "nucleator" assembly factors being notably basic. The physical properties of pre-small subunit and pre-large subunit assembly factors are similar, as are their 19 motif signatures detected by hierarchical clustering, unlike motif signatures of the 5'-external transcribed spacer rRNP. Additionally, many assembly factors lack shared motifs. Taken together with the progression of rRNP composition during subunit maturation, and the realization that the ribosomal DNA cable is initially bathed in a subunit-nonspecific assembly factor reservoir/microenvironment, we propose a "3-step subdomain assembly model": Step (1): predominantly basic assembly factors sequentially nucleate sites along nascent rRNA; Step (2): the resulting rRNPs recruit numerous less basic assembly factors along with notably basic ribosomal proteins; Step (3): rRNPs in nearby subdomains consolidate. Cleavages of rRNA then promote release of rRNPs to the nucleoplasm, likely facilitated by the persistence of assembly factors that were already associated with nucleolar precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Lin
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Suchita Rajan
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sofia Lemberg
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mark Altawil
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Katherine Anderson
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ruth Bryant
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sebastian Cappeta
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Brandon Chin
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Isabella Hamdan
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Annelise Hamer
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rachel Hyzny
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andrew Karp
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Daniel Lee
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alexandria Lim
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Medha Nayak
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Vishnu Palaniappan
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Soomin Park
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sarika Satishkumar
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Anika Seth
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Uva Sri Dasari
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Emili Toppari
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ayush Vyas
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Julianne Walker
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Evan Weston
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Atif Zafar
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Cecelia Zielke
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ganapati H Mahabeleshwar
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alan M Tartakoff
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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36
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Oborská-Oplová M, Gerhardy S, Panse VG. Orchestrating ribosomal RNA folding during ribosome assembly. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200066. [PMID: 35751450 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Construction of the eukaryotic ribosome is a complex process in which a nascent ribosomal RNA (rRNA) emerging from RNA Polymerase I hierarchically folds into a native three-dimensional structure. Modular assembly of individual RNA domains through interactions with ribosomal proteins and a myriad of assembly factors permit efficient disentanglement of the error-prone RNA folding process. Following these dynamic events, long-range tertiary interactions are orchestrated to compact rRNA. A combination of genetic, biochemical, and structural studies is now providing clues into how a nascent rRNA is transformed into a functional ribosome with high precision. With this essay, we aim to draw attention to the poorly understood process of establishing correct RNA tertiary contacts during ribosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Gerhardy
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vikram Govind Panse
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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37
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Micic J, Rodríguez-Galán O, Babiano R, Fitzgerald F, Fernández-Fernández J, Zhang Y, Gao N, Woolford JL, de la Cruz J. Ribosomal protein eL39 is important for maturation of the nascent polypeptide exit tunnel and proper protein folding during translation. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:6453-6473. [PMID: 35639884 PMCID: PMC9226512 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During translation, nascent polypeptide chains travel from the peptidyl transferase center through the nascent polypeptide exit tunnel (NPET) to emerge from 60S subunits. The NPET includes portions of five of the six 25S/5.8S rRNA domains and ribosomal proteins uL4, uL22, and eL39. Internal loops of uL4 and uL22 form the constriction sites of the NPET and are important for both assembly and function of ribosomes. Here, we investigated the roles of eL39 in tunnel construction, 60S biogenesis, and protein synthesis. We show that eL39 is important for proper protein folding during translation. Consistent with a delay in processing of 27S and 7S pre-rRNAs, eL39 functions in pre-60S assembly during middle nucleolar stages. Our biochemical assays suggest the presence of eL39 in particles at these stages, although it is not visualized in them by cryo-electron microscopy. This indicates that eL39 takes part in assembly even when it is not fully accommodated into the body of pre-60S particles. eL39 is also important for later steps of assembly, rotation of the 5S ribonucleoprotein complex, likely through long range rRNA interactions. Finally, our data strongly suggest the presence of alternative pathways of ribosome assembly, previously observed in the biogenesis of bacterial ribosomal subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Micic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Olga Rodríguez-Galán
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Reyes Babiano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Fiona Fitzgerald
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - José Fernández-Fernández
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Yunyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Joint Centre for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Joint Centre for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - John L Woolford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jesús de la Cruz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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38
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Tseng YT, Sung YC, Liu CY, Lo KY. Translation initiation factor eIF4G1 modulates assembly of the polypeptide exit tunnel region in yeast ribosome biogenesis. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275526. [PMID: 35615984 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
eIF4G is an important eukaryotic translation initiation factor. In this study, eIF4G1, one of the eIF4G isoforms, was shown to directly participate in biogenesis of the large (60S) ribosomal subunit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Mutation of eIF4G1 decreased the amount 60S ribosomal subunits significantly. The C-terminal fragment of eIF4G1 could complement the function in 60S biogenesis. Analyses of its purified complex with mass spectrometry indicated that eIF4G1 associated with the pre-60S form directly. Strong genetic and direct protein-protein interactions were observed between eIF4G1 and Ssf1 protein. Upon deletion of eIF4G1, Ssf1, Rrp15, Rrp14 and Mak16 were abnormally retained on the pre-60S complex. This purturbed the loading of Arx1 and eL31 at the polypeptide exit tunnel (PET) site and the transition to a Nog2 complex. Our data indicate that eIF4G1 is important in facilitating PET maturation and 27S processing correctly. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ting Tseng
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Sung
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Liu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yin Lo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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39
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Matsuura-Suzuki E, Shimazu T, Takahashi M, Kotoshiba K, Suzuki T, Kashiwagi K, Sohtome Y, Akakabe M, Sodeoka M, Dohmae N, Ito T, Shinkai Y, Iwasaki S. METTL18-mediated histidine methylation of RPL3 modulates translation elongation for proteostasis maintenance. eLife 2022; 11:e72780. [PMID: 35674491 PMCID: PMC9177149 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein methylation occurs predominantly on lysine and arginine residues, but histidine also serves as a methylation substrate. However, a limited number of enzymes responsible for this modification have been reported. Moreover, the biological role of histidine methylation has remained poorly understood to date. Here, we report that human METTL18 is a histidine methyltransferase for the ribosomal protein RPL3 and that the modification specifically slows ribosome traversal on Tyr codons, allowing the proper folding of synthesized proteins. By performing an in vitro methylation assay with a methyl donor analog and quantitative mass spectrometry, we found that His245 of RPL3 is methylated at the τ-N position by METTL18. Structural comparison of the modified and unmodified ribosomes showed stoichiometric modification and suggested a role in translation reactions. Indeed, genome-wide ribosome profiling and an in vitro translation assay revealed that translation elongation at Tyr codons was suppressed by RPL3 methylation. Because the slower elongation provides enough time for nascent protein folding, RPL3 methylation protects cells from the cellular aggregation of Tyr-rich proteins. Our results reveal histidine methylation as an example of a ribosome modification that ensures proteome integrity in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Matsuura-Suzuki
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering ResearchSaitamaJapan
| | - Tadahiro Shimazu
- Cellular Memory Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering ResearchSaitamaJapan
| | - Mari Takahashi
- Laboratory for Translation Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchYokohamaJapan
| | - Kaoru Kotoshiba
- Cellular Memory Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering ResearchSaitamaJapan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceSaitamaJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Kashiwagi
- Laboratory for Translation Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchYokohamaJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Sohtome
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceSaitamaJapan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Lab, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering ResearchSaitamaJapan
| | - Mai Akakabe
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Lab, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering ResearchSaitamaJapan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceSaitamaJapan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Lab, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering ResearchSaitamaJapan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceSaitamaJapan
| | - Takuhiro Ito
- Laboratory for Translation Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchYokohamaJapan
| | - Yoichi Shinkai
- Cellular Memory Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering ResearchSaitamaJapan
| | - Shintaro Iwasaki
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering ResearchSaitamaJapan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of TokyoChibaJapan
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40
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Liu X, Huang H, Karbstein K. Using DMS-MaPseq to Uncover the Roles of DEAD-box Proteins in Ribosome Assembly. Methods 2022; 204:249-257. [PMID: 35550176 PMCID: PMC10152975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DMS (dimethylsulfate) is a time-tested chemical probe for nucleic acid secondary structure that has recently re-emerged as a powerful tool to study RNA structure and structural changes, by coupling it to high throughput sequencing techniques. This variant, termed DMS-MaPseq, allows for mapping of all RNAs in a cell at the same time. However, if an RNA adopts different structures, for example during the assembly of an RNA-protein complex, or as part of its functional cycle, then DMS-MaPseq cannot differentiate between these structures, and an ensemble average will be produced. This is especially challenging for long-lived RNAs, such as ribosomes, whose steady-state abundance far exceeds that of any assembly intermediates, rendering those inaccessible to DMS-MaPseq on total RNAs. These challenges can be overcome by purification of assembly intermediates stalled at specific assembly steps (or steps in the functional cycle), via a combination of affinity tags and mutants stalled at defined steps, and subsequent DMS probing of these intermediates. Interpretation of the differences in DMS accessibility is facilitated by additional structural information, e.g. from cryo-EM experiments, available for many functional RNAs. While this approach is generally useful for studying RNA folding or conformational changes within RNA-protein complexes, it can be particularly valuable for studying the role(s) of DEAD-box proteins, as these tend to lead to larger conformational rearrangements, often resulting from the release of an RNA-binding protein from a bound RNA. Here we provide an adaptation of the DMS-MaPseq protocol to study RNA conformational transitions during ribosome assembly, which addresses the challenges arising from the presence of many assembly intermediates, all at concentrations far below that of mature ribosomes. While this protocol was developed for the yeast S. cerevisiae, we anticipate that it should be readily transferable to other model organisms for which affinity purification has been established.
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41
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Ye X, Zhou T, Qin Y, He S, Zhang H, Ding S. Reproductive toxicity of dibutyl phthalate adsorbed on carbon nanotubes in male Balb/C mice. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 110:180-187. [PMID: 35487397 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is an environmental hormone disrupter. This study was designed to investigate whether DBP adsorbed in multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can easily cross the blood-testis barrier and slow down the degradation of DBP in male mice, thereby prolonging the interference effect of DBP. The results showed that: in male Balb/C mice, the sperm density of the MWCNTs group and the DBP plus MWCNTs group decreased significantly (p < 0.05); and the sperm deformity rate increased significantly (p < 0.05). Testicular tissue sections from the combined exposure group showed that most of the seminiferous tubules were atrophied, there were more large gaps between the cells in the tubules, and the number of mature-sperm decreased. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased significantly in the combined exposure group (p < 0.01). Proteomics results showed that there were 231 differentially expressed proteins in the combined exposure group compared with the MWCNTs only group, and 69 differentially expressed proteins compared with the DBP group. GO enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins mainly include: 60s acid ribosomal protein P1; nuclear autoantigen sperm protein; centromere protein V; and other proteins related to cell division. These results indicate that MWCNTs with adsorbed DBP can increase oxidative damage in the testis of male mice, interfere with DNA replication and cell division in testicular tissue cells, induce cell apoptosis, and destroy the normal spermatogenic function of the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Liquor Marking Biological Technology and Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Yujie Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Suli He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Hongmao Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China.
| | - Shumao Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China.
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42
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Cao X, Khitun A, Harold CM, Bryant CJ, Zheng SJ, Baserga SJ, Slavoff SA. Nascent alt-protein chemoproteomics reveals a pre-60S assembly checkpoint inhibitor. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:643-651. [PMID: 35393574 PMCID: PMC9423127 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many unannotated microproteins and alternative proteins (alt-proteins) are coencoded with canonical proteins, but few of their functions are known. Motivated by the hypothesis that alt-proteins undergoing regulated synthesis could play important cellular roles, we developed a chemoproteomic pipeline to identify nascent alt-proteins in human cells. We identified 22 actively translated alt-proteins or N-terminal extensions, one of which is post-transcriptionally upregulated by DNA damage stress. We further defined a nucleolar, cell-cycle-regulated alt-protein that negatively regulates assembly of the pre-60S ribosomal subunit (MINAS-60). Depletion of MINAS-60 increases the amount of cytoplasmic 60S ribosomal subunit, upregulating global protein synthesis and cell proliferation. Mechanistically, MINAS-60 represses the rate of late-stage pre-60S assembly and export to the cytoplasm. Together, these results implicate MINAS-60 as a potential checkpoint inhibitor of pre-60S assembly and demonstrate that chemoproteomics enables hypothesis generation for uncharacterized alt-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwen Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Institute of Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexandra Khitun
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Institute of Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cecelia M Harold
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carson J Bryant
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shu-Jian Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Institute of Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Susan J Baserga
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sarah A Slavoff
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Institute of Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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43
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Ismail S, Flemming D, Thoms M, Gomes-Filho JV, Randau L, Beckmann R, Hurt E. Emergence of the primordial pre-60S from the 90S pre-ribosome. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110640. [PMID: 35385737 PMCID: PMC8994135 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of ribosomes begins in the nucleolus with formation of the 90S pre-ribosome, during which the pre-40S and pre-60S pathways diverge by pre-rRNA cleavage. However, it remains unclear how, after this uncoupling, the earliest pre-60S subunit continues to develop. Here, we reveal a large-subunit intermediate at the beginning of its construction when still linked to the 90S, the precursor to the 40S subunit. This primordial pre-60S is characterized by the SPOUT domain methyltransferase Upa1-Upa2, large α-solenoid scaffolds, Mak5, one of several RNA helicases, and two small nucleolar RNA (snoRNAs), C/D box snR190 and H/ACA box snR37. The emerging pre-60S does not efficiently disconnect from the 90S pre-ribosome in a dominant mak5 helicase mutant, allowing a 70-nm 90S-pre-60S bipartite particle to be visualized by electron microscopy. Our study provides insight into the assembly pathway when the still-connected nascent 40S and 60S subunits are beginning to separate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Ismail
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Flemming
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Thoms
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Lennart Randau
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland Beckmann
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Ed Hurt
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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44
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Huang H, Parker M, Karbstein K. The modifying enzyme Tsr3 establishes the hierarchy of Rio kinase binding in 40S ribosome assembly. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 28:568-582. [PMID: 35031584 PMCID: PMC8925970 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078994.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome assembly is an intricate process, which in eukaryotes is promoted by a large machinery comprised of over 200 assembly factors (AFs) that enable the modification, folding, and processing of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the binding of the 79 ribosomal proteins. While some early assembly steps occur via parallel pathways, the process overall is highly hierarchical, which allows for the integration of maturation steps with quality control processes that ensure only fully and correctly assembled subunits are released into the translating pool. How exactly this hierarchy is established, in particular given that there are many instances of RNA substrate "handover" from one highly related AF to another, remains to be determined. Here we have investigated the role of Tsr3, which installs a universally conserved modification in the P-site of the small ribosomal subunit late in assembly. Our data demonstrate that Tsr3 separates the binding of the Rio kinases, Rio2 and Rio1, with whom it shares a binding site. By binding after Rio2 dissociation, Tsr3 prevents rebinding of Rio2, promoting forward assembly. After rRNA modification is complete, Tsr3 dissociates, thereby allowing for recruitment of Rio1 into its functional site. Inactive Tsr3 blocks Rio1 function, which can be rescued using mutants that bypass the requirement for Rio1 activity. Finally, yeast strains lacking Tsr3 randomize the binding of the two kinases, leading to the release of immature ribosomes into the translating pool. These data demonstrate a role for Tsr3 and its modification activity in establishing a hierarchy for the function of the Rio kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haina Huang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences at Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Melissa Parker
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences at Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Katrin Karbstein
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences at Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
- HHMI Faculty Scholar, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
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45
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Sarnowski CP, Bikaki M, Leitner A. Cross-linking and mass spectrometry as a tool for studying the structural biology of ribonucleoproteins. Structure 2022; 30:441-461. [PMID: 35366400 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linking and mass spectrometry (XL-MS) workflows represent an increasingly popular technique for low-resolution structural studies of macromolecular complexes. Cross-linking reactions take place in the solution state, capturing contact sites between components of a complex that represent the native, functionally relevant structure. Protein-protein XL-MS protocols are widely adopted, providing precise localization of cross-linking sites to single amino acid positions within a pair of cross-linked peptides. In contrast, protein-RNA XL-MS workflows are evolving rapidly and differ in their ability to localize interaction regions within the RNA sequence. Here, we review protein-protein and protein-RNA XL-MS workflows, and discuss their applications in studies of protein-RNA complexes. The examples highlight the complementary value of XL-MS in structural studies of protein-RNA complexes, where more established high-resolution techniques might be unable to produce conclusive data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris P Sarnowski
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Systems Biology PhD Program, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Bikaki
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Leitner
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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46
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Sailer C, Jansen J, Sekulski K, Cruz VE, Erzberger JP, Stengel F. A comprehensive landscape of 60S ribosome biogenesis factors. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110353. [PMID: 35139378 PMCID: PMC8884084 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis is facilitated and regulated by numerous ribosome biogenesis factors (RBFs). High-resolution cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) maps have defined the molecular interactions of RBFs during maturation, but many transient and dynamic interactions, particularly during early assembly, remain uncharacterized. Using quantitative proteomics and crosslinking coupled to mass spectrometry (XL-MS) data from an extensive set of pre-ribosomal particles, we derive a comprehensive and time-resolved interaction map of RBF engagement during 60S maturation. We localize 22 previously unmapped RBFs to specific biogenesis intermediates and validate our results by mapping the catalytic activity of the methyltransferases Bmt2 and Rcm1 to their predicted nucleolar 60S intermediates. Our analysis reveals the interaction sites for the RBFs Noc2 and Ecm1 and elucidates the interaction map and timing of 60S engagement by the DEAD-box ATPases Dbp9 and Dbp10. Our data provide a powerful resource for future studies of 60S ribosome biogenesis. In this study, Sailer et al. generate a comprehensive and precise timeline of ribosome biogenesis factor (RBF) engagement during 60S maturation and localize previously unmapped RBFs in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Overall, their data represent an essential resource for future structural studies of large subunit ribosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Sailer
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrae 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrae 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jasmin Jansen
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrae 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrae 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Kamil Sekulski
- Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center - ND10.124B, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8816, USA
| | - Victor E Cruz
- Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center - ND10.124B, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8816, USA
| | - Jan P Erzberger
- Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center - ND10.124B, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8816, USA.
| | - Florian Stengel
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrae 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrae 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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Karbstein K. Attacking a DEAD problem: The role of DEAD-box ATPases in ribosome assembly and beyond. Methods Enzymol 2022; 673:19-38. [PMID: 35965007 PMCID: PMC10154911 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
DEAD-box proteins are a subfamily of ATPases with similarity to RecA-type helicases that are involved in all aspects of RNA Biology. Despite their potential to regulate these processes via their RNA-dependent ATPase activity, their roles remain poorly characterized. Here I describe a roadmap to study these proteins in the context of ribosome assembly, the process that utilizes more than half of all DEAD-box proteins encoded in the yeast genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Karbstein
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, United States; HHMI Faculty Scholar, Chevy Chase, MD, United States; The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, United States.
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Moraleva AA, Deryabin AS, Rubtsov YP, Rubtsova MP, Dontsova OA. Eukaryotic Ribosome Biogenesis: The 40S Subunit. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:14-30. [PMID: 35441050 PMCID: PMC9013438 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of eukaryotic ribosomes is a sequential process of ribosomal
precursors maturation in the nucleolus, nucleoplasm, and cytoplasm. Hundreds of
ribosomal biogenesis factors ensure the accurate processing and formation of
the ribosomal RNAs’ tertiary structure, and they interact with ribosomal
proteins. Most of what we know about the ribosome assembly has been derived
from yeast cell studies, and the mechanisms of ribosome biogenesis in
eukaryotes are considered quite conservative. Although the main stages of
ribosome biogenesis are similar across different groups of eukaryotes, this
process in humans is much more complicated owing to the larger size of the
ribosomes and pre-ribosomes and the emergence of regulatory pathways that
affect their assembly and function. Many of the factors involved in the
biogenesis of human ribosomes have been identified using genome-wide screening
based on RNA interference. This review addresses the key aspects of yeast and
human ribosome biogenesis, using the 40S subunit as an example. The mechanisms
underlying these differences are still not well understood, because, unlike
yeast, there are no effective methods for characterizing pre-ribosomal
complexes in humans. Understanding the mechanisms of human ribosome assembly
would have an incidence on a growing number of genetic diseases
(ribosomopathies) caused by mutations in the genes encoding ribosomal proteins
and ribosome biogenesis factors. In addition, there is evidence that ribosome
assembly is regulated by oncogenic signaling pathways, and that defects in the
ribosome biogenesis are linked to the activation of tumor suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Moraleva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - A. S. Deryabin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - Yu. P. Rubtsov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - M. P. Rubtsova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - O. A. Dontsova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991 Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205 Russia
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Mitterer V, Pertschy B. RNA folding and functions of RNA helicases in ribosome biogenesis. RNA Biol 2022; 19:781-810. [PMID: 35678541 PMCID: PMC9196750 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2079890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis involves the synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and its stepwise folding into the unique structure present in mature ribosomes. rRNA folding starts already co-transcriptionally in the nucleolus and continues when pre-ribosomal particles further maturate in the nucleolus and upon their transit to the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. While the approximate order of folding of rRNA subdomains is known, especially from cryo-EM structures of pre-ribosomal particles, the actual mechanisms of rRNA folding are less well understood. Both small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and proteins have been implicated in rRNA folding. snoRNAs hybridize to precursor rRNAs (pre-rRNAs) and thereby prevent premature folding of the respective rRNA elements. Ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) and ribosome assembly factors might have a similar function by binding to rRNA elements and preventing their premature folding. Besides that, a small group of ribosome assembly factors are thought to play a more active role in rRNA folding. In particular, multiple RNA helicases participate in individual ribosome assembly steps, where they are believed to coordinate RNA folding/unfolding events or the release of proteins from the rRNA. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on mechanisms of RNA folding and on the specific function of the individual RNA helicases involved. As the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the organism in which ribosome biogenesis and the role of RNA helicases in this process is best studied, we focused our review on insights from this model organism, but also make comparisons to other organisms where applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Mitterer
- Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, Heidelberg, Germany
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitte Pertschy
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, Graz, Austria
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50
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Jespersen N, Monrroy L, Barandun J. Impact of Genome Reduction in Microsporidia. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 114:1-42. [PMID: 35543997 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93306-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microsporidia represent an evolutionary outlier in the tree of life and occupy the extreme edge of the eukaryotic domain with some of their biological features. Many of these unicellular fungi-like organisms have reduced their genomic content to potentially the lowest limit. With some of the most compacted eukaryotic genomes, microsporidia are excellent model organisms to study reductive evolution and its functional consequences. While the growing number of sequenced microsporidian genomes have elucidated genome composition and organization, a recent increase in complementary post-genomic studies has started to shed light on the impacts of genome reduction in these unique pathogens. This chapter will discuss the biological framework enabling genome minimization and will use one of the most ancient and essential macromolecular complexes, the ribosome, to illustrate the effects of extreme genome reduction on a structural, molecular, and cellular level. We outline how reductive evolution in microsporidia has shaped DNA organization, the composition and function of the ribosome, and the complexity of the ribosome biogenesis process. Studying compacted mechanisms, processes, or macromolecular machines in microsporidia illuminates their unique lifestyle and provides valuable insights for comparative eukaryotic structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Jespersen
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Science for Life Laboratory, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Leonardo Monrroy
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Science for Life Laboratory, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonas Barandun
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Science for Life Laboratory, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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