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Wang RS, Siao SW, Wang JC, Lin PY, Shen CR. Engineering thioesterase as a driving force for novel itaconate production via its degradation scheme. Metab Eng Commun 2024; 19:e00246. [PMID: 39224858 PMCID: PMC11367265 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2024.e00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of irreversible steps in pathway design enhances the overall thermodynamic favorability and often leads to better bioconversion yield given functional enzymes. Using this concept, here we constructed the first non-natural itaconate biosynthesis pathway driven by thioester hydrolysis. Itaconate is a commercially valuable platform chemical with wide applications in the synthetic polymer industry. Production of itaconate has long relied on the decarboxylation of TCA cycle intermediate cis-aconitate as the only biosynthetic route. Inspired by nature's design of itaconate detoxification, here we engineered a novel itaconate producing pathway orthogonal to native metabolism with no requirement of auxotrophic knock-out. The reversed degradation pathway initiates with pyruvate and acetyl-CoA condensation forming (S)-citramalyl-CoA, followed by its dehydration and isomerization into itaconyl-CoA then hydrolysis into itaconate. Phenylacetyl-CoA thioesterase (PaaI) from Escherichia coli was identified via screening to deliver the highest itaconate formation efficiency when coupled to the reversible activity of citramalate lyase and itaconyl-CoA hydratase. The preference of PaaI towards itaconyl-CoA hydrolysis over acetyl-CoA and (S)-citramalyl-CoA also minimized the inevitable precursor loss due to enzyme promiscuity. With acetate recycling, acetyl-CoA conservation, and condition optimization, we achieved a final itaconate titer of 1 g/L using the thioesterase driven pathway, which is a significant improvement compared to the original degradation pathway based on CoA transferase. This study illustrates the significance of thermodynamic favorability as a design principle in pathway engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S. Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Siang-Wun Siao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jessica C. Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Patrick Y. Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Claire R. Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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Chen Z, Yu S, Liu J, Guo L, Wu T, Duan P, Yan D, Huang C, Huo Y. Concentration Recognition-Based Auto-Dynamic Regulation System (CRUISE) Enabling Efficient Production of Higher Alcohols. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2310215. [PMID: 38626358 PMCID: PMC11187965 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Microbial factories lacking the ability of dynamically regulating the pathway enzymes overexpression, according to in situ metabolite concentrations, are suboptimal, especially when the metabolic intermediates are competed by growth and chemical production. The production of higher alcohols (HAs), which hijacks the amino acids (AAs) from protein biosynthesis, minimizes the intracellular concentration of AAs and thus inhibits the host growth. To balance the resource allocation and maintain stable AA flux, this work utilizes AA-responsive transcriptional attenuator ivbL and HA-responsive transcriptional activator BmoR to establish a concentration recognition-based auto-dynamic regulation system (CRUISE). This system ultimately maintains the intracellular homeostasis of AA and maximizes the production of HA. It is demonstrated that ivbL-driven enzymes overexpression can dynamically regulate the AA-to-HA conversion while BmoR-driven enzymes overexpression can accelerate the AA biosynthesis during the HA production in a feedback activation mode. The AA flux in biosynthesis and conversion pathways is balanced via the intracellular AA concentration, which is vice versa stabilized by the competition between AA biosynthesis and conversion. The CRUISE, further aided by scaffold-based self-assembly, enables 40.4 g L-1 of isobutanol production in a bioreactor. Taken together, CRUISE realizes robust HA production and sheds new light on the dynamic flux control during the process of chemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and BiotherapyAerospace Center HospitalSchool of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyHaidian DistrictNo. 5 South Zhongguancun StreetBeijing100081China
- Tangshan Research InstituteBeijing Institute of Technology, No. 57, South Jianshe Road, Lubei DistrictTangshanHebei063000China
| | - Shengzhu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and BiotherapyAerospace Center HospitalSchool of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyHaidian DistrictNo. 5 South Zhongguancun StreetBeijing100081China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and BiotherapyAerospace Center HospitalSchool of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyHaidian DistrictNo. 5 South Zhongguancun StreetBeijing100081China
| | - Liwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and BiotherapyAerospace Center HospitalSchool of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyHaidian DistrictNo. 5 South Zhongguancun StreetBeijing100081China
| | - Tong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and BiotherapyAerospace Center HospitalSchool of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyHaidian DistrictNo. 5 South Zhongguancun StreetBeijing100081China
| | - Peifeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and BiotherapyAerospace Center HospitalSchool of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyHaidian DistrictNo. 5 South Zhongguancun StreetBeijing100081China
| | - Dongli Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and BiotherapyAerospace Center HospitalSchool of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyHaidian DistrictNo. 5 South Zhongguancun StreetBeijing100081China
| | - Chaoyong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and BiotherapyAerospace Center HospitalSchool of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyHaidian DistrictNo. 5 South Zhongguancun StreetBeijing100081China
| | - Yi‐Xin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and BiotherapyAerospace Center HospitalSchool of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyHaidian DistrictNo. 5 South Zhongguancun StreetBeijing100081China
- Tangshan Research InstituteBeijing Institute of Technology, No. 57, South Jianshe Road, Lubei DistrictTangshanHebei063000China
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3
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Abate R, Oon YS, Oon YL, Bi Y. Microalgae-bacteria nexus for environmental remediation and renewable energy resources: Advances, mechanisms and biotechnological applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31170. [PMID: 38813150 PMCID: PMC11133723 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae and bacteria, known for their resilience, rapid growth, and proximate ecological partnerships, play fundamental roles in environmental and biotechnological advancements. This comprehensive review explores the synergistic interactions between microalgae and bacteria as an innovative approach to address some of the most pressing environmental issues and the demands of clean and renewable freshwater and energy sources. Studies indicated that microalgae-bacteria consortia can considerably enhance the output of biotechnological applications; for instance, various reports showed during wastewater treatment the COD removal efficiency increased by 40%-90.5 % due to microalgae-bacteria consortia, suggesting its great potential amenability in biotechnology. This review critically synthesizes research works on the microalgae and bacteria nexus applied in the advancements of renewable energy generation, with a special focus on biohydrogen, reclamation of wastewater and desalination processes. The mechanisms of underlying interactions, the environmental factors influencing consortia performance, and the challenges and benefits of employing these bio-complexes over traditional methods are also discussed in detail. This paper also evaluates the biotechnological applications of these microorganism consortia for the augmentation of biomass production and the synthesis of valuable biochemicals. Furthermore, the review sheds light on the integration of microalgae-bacteria systems in microbial fuel cells for concurrent energy production, waste treatment, and resource recovery. This review postulates microalgae-bacteria consortia as a sustainable and efficient solution for clean water and energy, providing insights into future research directions and the potential for industrial-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rediat Abate
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yoong-Sin Oon
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Yoong-Ling Oon
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Yonghong Bi
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Ravi Kiran B, Singh P, Kuravi SD, Mohanty K, Venkata Mohan S. Modulating cultivation regimes of Messastrum gracile SVMIICT7 for biomass productivity integrated with resource recovery via hydrothermal liquefaction. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120458. [PMID: 38479286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The present study was designed to assess Messastrum gracile SVMIICT7 potential in treating dairy wastewater (autoclaved (ADWW) and raw (DWW)) with relation to nutrient removal, in-vivo Chl-a-based biomass, and bio-oil synthesis. Chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics revealed improved photochemical efficiency (0.639, Fv/Fm) in M. gracile when grown with DWW. This may be owing to enhanced electron transport being mediated by an effective water-splitting complex at photosystem (PSII) of thylakoids. The increase in ABS/RC observed in DWW can be attributed to the elevated chlorophyll content and reduced light dissipation, as evident by higher values of ETo/RC and a decrease in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). M. gracile inoculated in DWW had the highest Chl-a-biomass yield (1.8 g L-1) and biomolecules while maximum nutrient removal efficiency was observed in ADWW (83.7% TN and 60.07% TP). M. gracile exhibited substantial bio-oil yield of 29.6% and high calorific value of 37.19 MJ kg-1, predominantly composed of hydrocarbons along with nitrogen and oxygen cyclic compounds. This research offers a thorough investigation into wastewater treatment, illustrating the conversion of algal biomass into valuable energy sources and chemical intermediates within the framework of a biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boda Ravi Kiran
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Sri Divya Kuravi
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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5
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Su H, Lin J. Biosynthesis pathways of expanding carbon chains for producing advanced biofuels. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:109. [PMID: 37400889 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Because the thermodynamic property is closer to gasoline, advanced biofuels (C ≥ 6) are appealing for replacing non-renewable fossil fuels using biosynthesis method that has presented a promising approach. Synthesizing advanced biofuels (C ≥ 6), in general, requires the expansion of carbon chains from three carbon atoms to more than six carbon atoms. Despite some specific biosynthesis pathways that have been developed in recent years, adequate summary is still lacking on how to obtain an effective metabolic pathway. Review of biosynthesis pathways for expanding carbon chains will be conducive to selecting, optimizing and discovering novel synthetic route to obtain new advanced biofuels. Herein, we first highlighted challenges on expanding carbon chains, followed by presentation of two biosynthesis strategies and review of three different types of biosynthesis pathways of carbon chain expansion for synthesizing advanced biofuels. Finally, we provided an outlook for the introduction of gene-editing technology in the development of new biosynthesis pathways of carbon chain expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Su
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Natural and Resources, Xian, 710075, Shanxi, China
| | - JiaFu Lin
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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He H, Zhang R, Zhang P, Wang P, Chen N, Qian B, Zhang L, Yu J, Dai B. Functional Carbon from Nature: Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials and the Recent Progress of Their Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205557. [PMID: 36988448 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biomass is considered as a promising source to fabricate functional carbon materials for its sustainability, low cost, and high carbon content. Biomass-derived-carbon materials (BCMs) have been a thriving research field. Novel structures, diverse synthesis methods, and versatile applications of BCMs have been reported. However, there has been no recent review of the numerous studies of different aspects of BCMs-related research. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive review that summarizes the progress of BCMs related research. Herein, typical types of biomass used to prepare BCMs are introduced. Variable structures of BCMs are summarized as the performance and properties of BCMs are closely related to their structures. Representative synthesis strategies, including both their merits and drawbacks are reviewed comprehensively. Moreover, the influence of synthetic conditions on the structure of as-prepared carbon products is discussed, providing important information for the rational design of the fabrication process of BCMs. Recent progress in versatile applications of BCMs based on their morphologies and physicochemical properties is reported. Finally, the remaining challenges of BCMs, are highlighted. Overall, this review provides a valuable overview of current knowledge and recent progress of BCMs, and it outlines directions for future research development of BCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhe He
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Energy & Environment Research Center, Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou Industry Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ruoqun Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Energy & Environment Research Center, Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou Industry Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Energy & Environment Research Center, Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou Industry Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ping Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Binbin Qian
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Energy & Environment Research Center, Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou Industry Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jianglong Yu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Energy & Environment Research Center, Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou Industry Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Baiqian Dai
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Energy & Environment Research Center, Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou Industry Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
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7
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Lage S, Gentili FG. Chemical composition and species identification of microalgal biomass grown at pilot-scale with municipal wastewater and CO 2 from flue gases. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137344. [PMID: 36457266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The production potential of a locally isolated Chlorella vulgaris strain and a local green-algae consortium, used in municipal wastewater treatment combined with CO2 sequestration from flue gases, was evaluated for the first time by comparing the elemental and biochemical composition and heating value of the biomass produced. The microalgae were grown in outdoor pilot-scale ponds under subarctic summer conditions. The impact of cultivation in a greenhouse climate was also tested for the green-algae consortium; additionally, the variation in species composition over time in the three ponds was investigated. Our results showed that the biomass produced in the consortium/outdoor pond had the greatest potential for bioenergy production because both its carbohydrates and lipids contents were significantly higher than the biomasses from the consortium/greenhouse and C. vulgaris/outdoor ponds. Although greenhouse conditions significantly increased the consortium biomass's monounsaturated fatty acid content, which is ideal for biodiesel production, an undesirable increase in ash and chemical elements, as well as a reduction in heating value, were also observed. Thus, the placement of the pond inside a greenhouse did not improve the production potential of the green-algae consortium biomass in the current study infrastructure and climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lage
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden; Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Francesco G Gentili
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
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Ammonia Production Using Bacteria and Yeast toward a Sustainable Society. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010082. [PMID: 36671654 PMCID: PMC9854848 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is an important chemical that is widely used in fertilizer applications as well as in the steel, chemical, textile, and pharmaceutical industries, which has attracted attention as a potential fuel. Thus, approaches to achieve sustainable ammonia production have attracted considerable attention. In particular, biological approaches are important for achieving a sustainable society because they can produce ammonia under mild conditions with minimal environmental impact compared with chemical methods. For example, nitrogen fixation by nitrogenase in heterogeneous hosts and ammonia production from food waste using microorganisms have been developed. In addition, crop production using nitrogen-fixing bacteria has been considered as a potential approach to achieving a sustainable ammonia economy. This review describes previous research on biological ammonia production and provides insights into achieving a sustainable society.
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Zhang Z, He P, Cai D, Chen S. Genetic and metabolic engineering for poly-γ-glutamic acid production: current progress, challenges, and prospects. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:208. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Kim SY, Choi KY. Enhanced isobutanol production using engineered E. coli and B. subtilis host by UV-induced mutation. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:283. [PMID: 36276452 PMCID: PMC9485403 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis strains were engineered by simultaneous chemical and ultraviolet-induced random mutagenesis to enhance bio-alcohol production. Our study investigated the bio-alcohol production of six variants of E. coli (EM1-6) and B. subtilis mutants (BM1-6). The induced mutation in the EM variants increased isobutanol (C4 alcohol) production most effectively, whereas pH adjustment and additional l-valine feeding increased isobutanol production by the BM variants. In contrast, pH adjustment or l-valine addition negatively affected isobutanol production by the EM variants. The highest titer of 5.07 g/L of isobutanol from a 40 g/L yeast extract medium (YEM) was achieved by the EM1 variant, whereas 0.57 g/L of isobutanol from YEM supplemented with 5 g/L of l-valine was obtained from the BM5 variant. These results can be applied in further research on engineering production hosts and improving production titers to utilize heterogenous bioresources in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yeong Kim
- Environmental Research Institute, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do South Korea
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do South Korea
| | - Kwon-Young Choi
- Environmental Research Institute, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do South Korea
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do South Korea
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do South Korea
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do South Korea
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11
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Guo L, Sun L, Huo YX. Toward bioproduction of oxo chemicals from C1 feedstocks using isobutyraldehyde as an example. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:80. [PMID: 35945564 PMCID: PMC9361566 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOxo chemicals are valuable chemicals for synthesizing a wide array of industrial and consumer products. However, producing of oxo chemicals is predominately through the chemical process called hydroformylation, which requires petroleum-sourced materials and generates abundant greenhouse gas. Current concerns on global climate change have renewed the interest in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and recycling the plentiful greenhouse gas. A carbon–neutral manner in this regard is producing oxo chemicals biotechnologically using greenhouse gas as C1 feedstocks. Exemplifying isobutyraldehyde, this review demonstrates the significance of using greenhouse gas for oxo chemicals production. We highlight the current state and the potential of isobutyraldehyde synthesis with a special focus on the in vivo and in vitro scheme of C1-based biomanufacturing. Specifically, perspectives and scenarios toward carbon– and nitrogen–neutral isobutyraldehyde production are proposed. In addition, key challenges and promising approaches for enhancing isobutyraldehyde bioproduction are thoroughly discussed. This study will serve as a reference case in exploring the biotechnological potential and advancing oxo chemicals production derived from C1 feedstocks.
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12
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Chiang CJ, Huang ZC, Ta T, Chao YP. Deciphering glutamate and aspartate metabolism to improve production of succinate in Escherichia coli. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Stikane A, Dace E, Stalidzans E. Closing the loop in bioproduction: Spent Microbial Biomass as a resource within circular bioeconomy. N Biotechnol 2022; 70:109-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Microalgae Cultivation on Nutrient Rich Digestate: The Importance of Strain and Digestate Tailoring under PH Control. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The bioremediation of digestate using microalgae presents a solution to the current eutrophication issue in Northwest Europe, where the use of digestate as soil fertiliser is limited, thus resulting in an excess of digestate. Ammonium is the main nutrient of interest in digestate for microalgal cultivation, and improving its availability and consequent uptake is crucial for optimal bioremediation. This work aimed to determine the influence of pH on ammonium availability in cultures of two green microalgae, additionally screened for their growth performances on three digestates produced from different feedstocks, demonstrating the importance of tailoring a microalgal strain and digestate for bioremediation purposes. Results showed that an acidic pH of 6–6.5 resulted in a better ammonium availability in the digestate media, translated into better growth yields for both S. obliquus (GR: 0.099 ± 0.001 day−1; DW: 0.23 ± 0.02 g L−1) and C. vulgaris (GR: 0.09 ± 0.001 day−1; DW: 0.49 ± 0.012 g L−1). This result was especially true when considering larger-scale applications where ammonium loss via evaporation should be avoided. The results also demonstrated that digestates from different feedstocks resulted in different growth yields and biomass composition, especially fatty acids, for which, a digestate produced from pig manure resulted in acid contents of 6.94 ± 0.033% DW and 4.91 ± 0.3% DW in S. obliquus and C. vulgaris, respectively. Finally, this work demonstrated that the acclimation of microalgae to novel nutrient sources should be carefully considered, as it could convey significant advantages in terms of biomass composition, especially fatty acids and carbohydrate, for which, this study also demonstrated the importance of harvesting time.
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15
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Wu T, Chen Z, Guo S, Zhang C, Huo YX. Engineering Transcription Factor BmoR Mutants for Constructing Multifunctional Alcohol Biosensors. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1251-1260. [PMID: 35175734 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Native transcription factor-based biosensors (TFBs) have the potential for the in situ detection of value-added chemicals or byproducts. However, their industrial application is limited by their ligand promiscuity, low sensitivity, and narrow detection range. Alcohols exhibit similar structures, and no reported TFB can distinguish a specific alcohol from its analogues. Here, we engineered an alcohol-regulated transcription factor, BmoR, and obtained various mutants with remarkable properties. For example, the generated signal-molecule-specific BmoRs could distinguish the constitutional isomers n-butanol and isobutanol, with insensitivity up to an ethanol concentration of 800 mM (36.9 g/L). Linear detection of 0-60 mM of a specific higher alcohol could be achieved in the presence of up to 500 mM (23.0 g/L) ethanol as background noise. Furthermore, we obtained two mutants with raised outputs and over 107-fold higher sensitivity and one mutant with an increased upper detection limit (14.8 g/L n-butanol or isobutanol). Using BmoR as an example, this study systematically explored the ultimate detection limit of a TFB toward its small-molecule ligands, paving the way for in situ detection in biofuel and wine industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Zhenya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Shuyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Cuiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9 13th Street, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone, 300457 Tianjin, China
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
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Harnessing plasmid replication mechanism to enable dynamic control of gene copy in bacteria. Metab Eng 2022; 70:67-78. [PMID: 35033655 PMCID: PMC8844098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic regulation has been proved efficient in controlling gene expression at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational level. However, the dynamic regulation at gene replication level has been rarely explored so far. In this study, we established dynamic regulation at gene copy level through engineering controllable plasmid replication to dynamically control the gene expression. Prototypic genetic circuits with different control logic were applied to enable diversified dynamic behaviors of gene copy. To explore the applicability of this strategy, the dynamic gene copy control was employed in regulating the biosynthesis of p-coumaric acid, which resulted in an up to 78% increase in p-coumaric acid titer to 1.69 g/L in shake flasks. These results indicated the great potential of applying dynamic gene copy control for engineering biosynthesis of valuable compounds in metabolic engineering.
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17
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Wendisch VF, Nampoothiri KM, Lee JH. Metabolic Engineering for Valorization of Agri- and Aqua-Culture Sidestreams for Production of Nitrogenous Compounds by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835131. [PMID: 35211108 PMCID: PMC8861201 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is used for the million-ton-scale production of amino acids. Valorization of sidestreams from agri- and aqua-culture has focused on the production of biofuels and carboxylic acids. Nitrogen present in various amounts in sidestreams may be valuable for the production of amines, amino acids and other nitrogenous compounds. Metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum for valorization of agri- and aqua-culture sidestreams addresses to bridge this gap. The product portfolio accessible via C. glutamicum fermentation primarily features amino acids and diamines for large-volume markets in addition to various specialty amines. On the one hand, this review covers metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum to efficiently utilize components of various sidestreams. On the other hand, examples of the design and implementation of synthetic pathways not present in native metabolism to produce sought after nitrogenous compounds will be provided. Perspectives and challenges of this concept will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - K Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Jin-Ho Lee
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan, South Korea
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Autophagy Improves ARA-Rich TAG Accumulation in Mortierella alpina by Regulating Resource Allocation. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0130021. [PMID: 35138146 PMCID: PMC8881083 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01300-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to explore the possibility of improving lipid production in oleaginous filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina based on an autophagy regulation strategy. According to multiomics information, vacuolate-centered macroautophagy was identified as the main type of autophagy in M. alpina under nitrogen-limited conditions. Mutation of autophagy-related gene MAatg8 led to impaired fatty acid synthesis, while overexpression of both MAatg8 and phosphatidylserine decarboxylases (MApsd2) showed promoting effects on fatty acid synthesis. MAatg8 overexpression strain with external supply of ethanolamine significantly increased arachidonic acid (ARA)-rich triacylglycerol (TAG) and biomass synthesis in M. alpina, and the final fatty acid content increased by approximately 110% compared with that in the wild-type strain. Metabolomics and lipidomics analyses revealed that cell autophagy enhanced the recycling of preformed carbon, nitrogen, and lipid in mycelium, and the released carbon skeleton and energy were contributed to the accumulation of TAG in M. alpina. This study suggests that regulation of autophagy-related MAatg8-phosphatidylethanolamine (MAatg8-PE) conjugation system could be a promising strategy for attaining higher lipid production and biomass growth. The mechanism of autophagy in regulating nitrogen limitation-induced lipid accumulation elucidated in this study provides a reference for development of autophagy-based strategies for improving nutrient use efficiency and high value-added lipid production by oleaginous microorganism. IMPORTANCE Studies have indicated that functional oil accumulation occurs in oleaginous microorganisms under nitrogen limitation. However, until now, large-scale application of nitrogen-deficiency strategies was limited by low biomass. Therefore, the identification of the critical nodes of nitrogen deficiency-induced lipid accumulation is urgently needed to further guide functional oil production. The significance of our research is in uncovering the function of cell autophagy in the ARA-rich TAG accumulation of oleaginous fungus M. alpina and demonstrating the feasibility of improving lipid production based on an autophagy regulation strategy at the molecular and omics levels. Our study proves that regulation of cell autophagy through the MAatg8-PE conjugation system-related gene overexpression or exogenous supply of ethanolamine would be an efficient strategy to increase and maintain biomass productivity when high TAG content is obtained under nitrogen deficiency, which could be useful for the development of new strategies that will achieve more biomass and maximal lipid productivity.
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Wiatrowski M, Klein BC, Davis RW, Quiroz-Arita C, Tan ECD, Hunt RW, Davis RE. Techno-economic assessment for the production of algal fuels and value-added products: opportunities for high-protein microalgae conversion. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:8. [PMID: 35418157 PMCID: PMC8764804 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae possess numerous advantages for use as a feedstock in producing renewable fuels and products, with techno-economic analysis (TEA) frequently used to highlight the economic potential and technical challenges of utilizing this biomass in a biorefinery context. However, many historical TEA studies have focused on the conversion of biomass with elevated levels of carbohydrates and lipids and lower levels of protein, incurring substantial burdens on the ability to achieve high cultivation productivity rates relative to nutrient-replete, high-protein biomass. Given a strong dependence of algal biomass production costs on cultivation productivity, further TEA assessment is needed to understand the economic potential for utilizing potentially lower-cost but lower-quality, high-protein microalgae for biorefinery conversion. RESULTS In this work, we conduct rigorous TEA modeling to assess the economic viability of two conceptual technology pathways for processing proteinaceous algae into a suite of fuels and products. One approach, termed mild oxidative treatment and upgrading (MOTU), makes use of a series of thermo-catalytic operations to upgrade solubilized proteins and carbohydrates to hydrocarbon fuels, while another alternative focuses on the biological conversion of those substrates to oxygenated fuels in the form of mixed alcohols (MA). Both pathways rely on the production of polyurethanes from unsaturated fatty acids and valorization of unconverted solids for use as a material for synthesizing bioplastics. The assessment found similar, albeit slightly higher fuel yields and lower costs for the MA pathway, translating to a residual solids selling price of $899/ton for MA versus $1033/ton for MOTU as would be required to support a $2.50/gallon gasoline equivalent (GGE) fuel selling price. A variation of the MA pathway including subsequent upgrading of the mixed alcohols to hydrocarbon fuels (MAU) reflected a required solids selling price of $975/ton. CONCLUSION The slight advantages observed for the MA pathway are partially attributed to a boundary that stops at oxygenated fuels versus fungible drop-in hydrocarbon fuels through a more complex MOTU configuration, with more comparable results obtained for the MAU scenario. In either case, it was shown that an integrated algal biorefinery can be economical through optimal strategies to utilize and valorize all fractions of the biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wiatrowski
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation and Scale-up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Bruno C Klein
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation and Scale-up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Ryan W Davis
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Carlos Quiroz-Arita
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Eric C D Tan
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation and Scale-up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Ryan W Hunt
- Algix, 5168 Water Tower Rd, Meridian, MS, 39301, USA
| | - Ryan E Davis
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation and Scale-up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
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20
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Microbial synthesis of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid from renewable feedstocks. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2021; 3:100059. [PMID: 35415641 PMCID: PMC8991815 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (4HBA) and its esterified forms can be used as preservatives in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Here, we reported the establishment of a coenzyme-A (CoA) free multi-enzyme cascade in Escherichia coli to utilize biobased L-tyrosine for efficient synthesis of 4HBA. The multi-enzyme cascade contains L-amino acid deaminase from Proteus mirabilis, hydroxymandelate synthase from Amycolatopsis orientalis, (S)-mandelate dehydrogenase and benzoylformate decarboxylase from Pseudomonas putida, and aldehyde dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The whole-cell biocatalysis afforded the synthesis of 128 ± 1 mM of 4HBA (17.7 ± 0.1 g/L) from 150 mM L-tyrosine with > 85% conversion within 96 h. In addition, the artificial enzymatic cascade also allowed the synthesis of benzoic acid from 100 mM L-phenylalanine with a conversion ∼ 90%. In summary, our research offers a sustainable alternative for synthesizing 4HBA and benzoic acid from renewable feedstocks.
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21
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Gudiukaite R, Nadda AK, Gricajeva A, Shanmugam S, Nguyen DD, Lam SS. Bioprocesses for the recovery of bioenergy and value-added products from wastewater: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113831. [PMID: 34649321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater and activated sludge present a major challenge worldwide. Wastewater generated from large and small-scale industries, laundries, human residential areas and other sources is emerging as a main problem in sanitation and maintenance of smart/green cities. During the last decade, different technologies and processes have been developed to recycle and purify the wastewater. Currently, identification and fundamental consideration of development of more advanced microbial-based technologies that enable wastewater treatment and simultaneous resource recovery to produce bioenergy, biofuels and other value-added compounds (organic acids, fatty acids, bioplastics, bio-pesticides, bio-surfactants and bio-flocculants etc.) became an emerging topic. In the last several decades, significant development of bioprocesses and techniques for the extraction and recovery of mentioned valuable molecules and compounds from wastewater, waste biomass or sludge has been made. This review presents different microbial-based process routes related to resource recovery and wastewater application for the production of value-added products and bioenergy. Current process limitations and insights for future research to promote more efficient and sustainable routes for this under-utilized and continually growing waste stream are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Gudiukaite
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis Avenue 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, 173 234, India.
| | - Alisa Gricajeva
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis Avenue 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sabarathinam Shanmugam
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 442-760, South Korea
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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22
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Zhao L, Chen Z, Lin S, Wu T, Yu S, Huo YX. In Vitro Biosynthesis of Isobutyraldehyde Through the Establishment of a One-Step Self-Assembly-Based Immobilization Strategy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14609-14619. [PMID: 34818887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro biosynthesis of high-value compounds has become popular and attractive. The convenient and simple strategy of enzyme immobilization has been significant for continuous and efficient in vitro biosynthesis. On the basis of that, this work established a one-step self-assembly-based immobilization strategy to efficiently biosynthesize isobutyraldehyde in vitro. Isobutyraldehyde is a crucial precursor for the synthesis of foods and spices. The established CipA scaffold-based strategy can express and immobilize enzymes at the same time, and purification requires only one centrifugation step. Structural simulations indicated that this scaffold-dependent self-assembly did not influence the structure or catalytic mechanisms of the isobutyraldehyde production-related enzymes leucine dehydrogenase (LeuDH) and ketoisovalerate decarboxylase (Kivd). Immobilized LeuDH and Kivd displayed a higher conversion capacity and thermal stability than the free enzymes. Batch conversion experiments demonstrated that the recovered immobilized LeuDH and Kivd have similar conversion capacities to the enzymes used in the first round of reaction. The continuous production of isobutyraldehyde was achieved by filling the immobilized enzymes into the column of a constructed device. This study not only expands the application range of self-assembly systems but also provides guidance for the in vitro production of value-added compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Zhenya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Shengzhu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, 100081 Beijing, China
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Ravi Kiran B, Venkata Mohan S. Photosynthetic transients in Chlorella sorokiniana during phycoremediation of dairy wastewater under distinct light intensities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125593. [PMID: 34311176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study is aimed to understand the photosynthetic transients of Chlorella sorokiniana SVMBIOEN2 during treatment of dairy wastewater under different light intensities (100, 150, and 200 µmol m-2s-1) in mixotrophic mode. Light intensities showed marked influence on photosystem behavior, lipid profile, and organic pollutant removal. Analysis of Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient including Fv/Fm, ETo/RC, TRo/RC, and Abs/RC showed better photosystem efficiency at 100 µmol m-2s-1 operations. OJIP curve fitting depicted a positive L-band at 150 µmol m-2s-1 indicating lower kinetic energy of photosystem II (PSII) reaction centres at high light intensities. Better photosynthetic activity at 100 µmol m-2s-1 operations resulted in good assimilation of biomass (2.3 g L-1), carbohydrates (10.2 mg g-1), and proteins (14 mg g-1) with a significant reduction in chemical oxygen demand (85%). Phycoremediation of dairy wastewater accumulates predominantly monounsaturated fatty acids followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids showing the application of C. sorokiniana in nutraceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boda Ravi Kiran
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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24
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Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of isobutanol: a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:168. [PMID: 34487256 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
With the ongoing depletion of fossil fuel resources and emerging environmental issues, increasing research effort is being dedicated to producing biofuels from renewable substrates. With its advantages over ethanol in terms of energy density, octane number, and hygroscopicity, isobutanol is considered a potential alternative to traditional gasoline. However, as wild-type microorganisms cannot achieve the production of isobutanol with high titers and yields, rational genetic engineering has been employed to enhance its production. Herein, we review the latest developments in the metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of isobutanol, including those related to the utilization of diverse carbon sources, balancing the redox state, improving isobutanol tolerance, and application of synthetic biology circuits and tools.
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25
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Sustainable Biological Ammonia Production towards a Carbon-Free Society. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13179496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A sustainable society was proposed more than 50 years ago. However, it is yet to be realised. For example, the production of ammonia, an important chemical widely used in the agriculture, steel, chemical, textile, and pharmaceutical industries, still depends on fossil fuels. Recently, biological approaches to achieve sustainable ammonia production have been gaining attention. Moreover, unlike chemical methods, biological approaches have a lesser environmental impact because ammonia can be produced under mild conditions of normal temperature and pressure. Therefore, in previous studies, nitrogen fixation by nitrogenase, including enzymatic ammonia production using food waste, has been attempted. Additionally, the production of crops using nitrogen-fixing bacteria has been implemented in the industry as one of the most promising approaches to achieving a sustainable ammonia economy. Thus, in this review, we described previous studies on biological ammonia production and showed the prospects for realising a sustainable society.
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Zou Y, Li C, Zhang R, Jiang T, Liu N, Wang J, Wang X, Yan Y. Exploring the Tunability and Dynamic Properties of MarR-PmarO Sensor System in Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2076-2086. [PMID: 34319697 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional factor-based biosensors (TFBs) have been widely used in dynamic pathway control or high-throughput screening. Here, we systematically explored the tunability of a salicylic acid responsive regulator MarR from Escherichia coli aiming to explore its engineering potential. The effect of endogenous MarR in E. coli on the MarR-PmarO biosensor system was investigated. Furthermore, to investigate the function of marO binding boxes in this biosensor system, a series of hybrid promoters were constructed by placing the marO binding boxes in the strong constitutive pL promoter. The engineered hybrid promoters became responsive to MarR and salicylic acid. To further study the influence of each nucleotide in the marO box on MarR binding, we employed dynamic modeling to simulate the interaction and binding energy between each nucleotide in the marO boxes with the corresponding residues on MarR. Guided by the results of the simulation, we introduced mutations to key positions on the hybrid promoters and investigated corresponding dynamic performance. Two promoter variants I12AII4T and I12AII14T that exhibited improved responsive strengths and shifted dynamic ranges were obtained, which can be beneficial for future metabolic engineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Zou
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Chenyi Li
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Tian Jiang
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural, and Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Xianqiao Wang
- School of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural, and Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Yajun Yan
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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Chiang CJ, Hu RC, Huang ZC, Chao YP. Production of Succinic Acid from Amino Acids in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8172-8178. [PMID: 34282894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) and aspartate (Asp) are the most abundant amino acids in various sources of protein waste, recognized as a sustainable resource. In this study, Escherichia coli was engineered to produce succinic acid (SA) from Glu and Asp. Succinate dehydrogenase involved in the tricarboxylic acid was inactivated in the Glu-utilizing strain. To grow on Asp, this mutant strain was subjected to metabolic evolution. One resulting strain capable of metabolizing Asp was further evolved to improve the growth of Glu and Asp. After the deletion of arcA, the resulting strain was employed for the aerobic production of SA. The shake-flask culture was conducted with the minimal medium containing 10 g/L Glu and 10 g/L Asp. Finally, it resulted in the SA production, with a titer, the molar yield, and productivity reaching 72.8 mM (i.e., 8.6 g/L), 0.54 (ca. 75.4% of the theoretical yield), and 0.66 g/L/h, respectively. Overall, this study opens up a new avenue of the biorefinery platform based on renewable amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jen Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Ciao Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University 100 Wenhwa Road, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Ci Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University 100 Wenhwa Road, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Peng Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University 100 Wenhwa Road, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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Li J, Zhao H, Zheng L, An W. Advances in Synthetic Biology and Biosafety Governance. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:598087. [PMID: 33996776 PMCID: PMC8120004 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.598087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous advances in the field of synthetic biology have been witnessed in multiple areas including life sciences, industrial development, and environmental bio-remediation. However, due to the limitations of human understanding in the code of life, any possible intended or unintended uses of synthetic biology, and other unknown reasons, the development and application of this technology has raised concerns over biosafety, biosecurity, and even cyberbiosecurity that they may expose public health and the environment to unknown hazards. Over the past decades, some countries in Europe, America, and Asia have enacted laws and regulations to control the application of synthetic biology techniques in basic and applied research and this has resulted in some benefits. The outbreak of the COVID-19 caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and various speculations about the origin of this virus have attracted more attention on bio-risk concerns of synthetic biology because of its potential power and uncertainty in the synthesis and engineering of living organisms. Therefore, it is crucial to scrutinize the control measures put in place to ensure appropriate use, promote the development of synthetic biology, and strengthen the governance of pathogen-related research, although the true origin of coronavirus remains hotly debated and unresolved. This article reviews the recent progress made in the field of synthetic biology and combs laws and regulations in governing bio-risk issues. We emphasize the urgent need for legislative and regulatory constraints and oversight to address the biological risks of synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Huimiao Zhao
- College of Humanities and Law, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lanxin Zheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlin An
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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29
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Choi K. Nitrogen‐Neutral Amino Acids Refinery: Deamination of Amino Acids for Bio‐Alcohol and Ammonia Production. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwon‐Young Choi
- Ajou University Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering College of Engineering Suwon, Gyeonggi-do South Korea
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Watanabe Y, Aoki W, Ueda M. Improved ammonia production from soybean residues by cell surface-displayed l-amino acid oxidase on yeast. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:972-980. [PMID: 33580695 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is critical for agricultural and chemical industries. The extracellular production of ammonia by yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) using cell surface engineering can be efficient approach because yeast can avoid growth deficiencies caused by knockout of genes for ammonia assimilation. In this study, we produced ammonia outside the yeast cells by displaying an l-amino acid oxidase with a wide substrate specificity derived from Hebeloma cylindrosporum (HcLAAO) on yeast cell surfaces. The HcLAAO-displaying yeast successfully produced 12.6 m m ammonia from a mixture of 20 proteinogenic amino acids (the theoretical conversion efficiency was 63%). We also succeeded in producing ammonia from a food processing waste, soybean residues (okara) derived from tofu production. The conversion efficiency was 88.1%, a higher yield than reported in previous studies. Our study demonstrates that ammonia production outside of yeast cells is a promising strategy to utilize food processing wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Watanabe
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoki
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Park SA, Bhatia SK, Park HA, Kim SY, Sudheer PDVN, Yang YH, Choi KY. Bacillus subtilis as a robust host for biochemical production utilizing biomass. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:827-848. [PMID: 33622141 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1888069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is regarded as a suitable host for biochemical production owing to its excellent growth and bioresource utilization characteristics. In addition, the distinct endogenous metabolic pathways and the suitability of the heterologous pathways have made B. subtilis a robust and promising host for producing biochemicals, such as: bioalcohols; bioorganic acids (lactic acids, α-ketoglutaric acid, and γ-aminobutyric acid); biopolymers (poly(γ-glutamic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and polysaccharides and monosaccharides (N-acetylglucosamine, xylooligosaccharides, and hyaluronic acid)); and bioflocculants. Also for producing oligopeptides and functional peptides, owing to its efficient protein secretion system. Several metabolic and genetic engineering techniques, such as target gene overexpression and inactivation of bypass pathways, have led to the improvement in production titers and product selectivity. In this review article, recent progress in the utilization of robust B. subtilis-based host systems for biomass conversion and biochemical production has been highlighted, and the prospects of such host systems are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo A Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun A Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seo Yeong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Young Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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33
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Capability of carbon fixation in bicarbonate-based and carbon dioxide-based systems by Scenedesmus acuminatus TH04. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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34
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Kim DI, Chae TU, Kim HU, Jang WD, Lee SY. Microbial production of multiple short-chain primary amines via retrobiosynthesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:173. [PMID: 33420084 PMCID: PMC7794544 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-based production of many chemicals is not yet possible due to the unknown biosynthetic pathways. Here, we report a strategy combining retrobiosynthesis and precursor selection step to design biosynthetic pathways for multiple short-chain primary amines (SCPAs) that have a wide range of applications in chemical industries. Using direct precursors of 15 target SCPAs determined by the above strategy, Streptomyces viridifaciens vlmD encoding valine decarboxylase is examined as a proof-of-concept promiscuous enzyme both in vitro and in vivo for generating SCPAs from their precursors. Escherichia coli expressing the heterologous vlmD produces 10 SCPAs by feeding their direct precursors. Furthermore, metabolically engineered E. coli strains are developed to produce representative SCPAs from glucose, including the one producing 10.67 g L-1 of iso-butylamine by fed-batch culture. This study presents the strategy of systematically designing biosynthetic pathways for the production of a group of related chemicals as demonstrated by multiple SCPAs as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong In Kim
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong Un Chae
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Systems Biology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Artificial Intelligence, BioProcess Engineering Research Center and BioInformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Dae Jang
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for Artificial Intelligence, BioProcess Engineering Research Center and BioInformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Chawla K, Kaur S, Kaur R, Bhunia RK. Metabolic engineering of oleaginous yeasts to enhance single cell oil production. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Chawla
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering National Agri‐Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali Punjab India
| | - Sumandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sector‐25 Panjab University Chandigarh India
| | - Ranjeet Kaur
- Department of Genetics University of Delhi South Campus New Delhi India
| | - Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering National Agri‐Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali Punjab India
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36
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Biorefinery: The Production of Isobutanol from Biomass Feedstocks. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10228222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Environmental issues have prompted the vigorous development of biorefineries that use agricultural waste and other biomass feedstock as raw materials. However, most current biorefinery products are cellulosic ethanol. There is an urgent need for biorefineries to expand into new bioproducts. Isobutanol is an important bulk chemical with properties that are close to gasoline, making it a very promising biofuel. The use of microorganisms to produce isobutanol has been extensively studied, but there is still a considerable gap to achieving the industrial production of isobutanol from biomass. This review summarizes current metabolic engineering strategies that have been applied to biomass isobutanol production and recent advances in the production of isobutanol from different biomass feedstocks.
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37
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Wang J, Huang C, Guo K, Ma L, Meng X, Wang N, Huo YX. Converting Escherichia coli MG1655 into a chemical overproducer through inactivating defense system against exogenous DNA. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2020; 5:333-342. [PMID: 33102829 PMCID: PMC7568196 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli strain K-12 MG1655 has been proposed as an appropriate host strain for industrial production. However, the direct application of this strain suffers from the transformation inefficiency and plasmid instability. Herein, we conducted genetic modifications at a serial of loci of MG1655 genome, generating a robust and universal host strain JW128 with higher transformation efficiency and plasmid stability that can be used to efficiently produce desired chemicals after introducing the corresponding synthetic pathways. Using JW128 as the host, the titer of isobutanol reached 5.76 g/L in shake-flask fermentation, and the titer of lycopene reached 1.91 g/L in test-tube fermentation, 40-fold and 5-fold higher than that of original MG1655, respectively. These results demonstrated JW128 is a promising chassis for high-level production of value-added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingge Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- SIP-UCLA Institute for Technology Advancement, 10 Yueliangwan Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chaoyong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Biology Institute, Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Lianjie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- SIP-UCLA Institute for Technology Advancement, 10 Yueliangwan Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Corresponding author. Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
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38
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n-Butanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae from protein-rich agro-industrial by-products. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1655-1664. [PMID: 32888143 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
n-Butanol is a renewable resource with a wide range of applications. Its physicochemical properties make it a potential substitute for gasoline. Saccharomyces cerevisiae can produce n-butanol via amino acid catabolic pathways, but the use of pure amino acids is economically unfeasible for large-scale production. The aim of this study was to optimize the production of n-butanol by S. cerevisiae from protein-rich agro-industrial by-products (sunflower and poultry offal meals). By-products were characterized according to their total protein and free amino acid contents and subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. Protein hydrolysates were used as nitrogen sources for the production of n-butanol by S. cerevisiae, but only poultry offal meal hydrolysate (POMH) afforded detectable levels of n-butanol. Under optimized conditions (carbon/nitrogen ratio of 2 and working volume of 60%), 59.94 mg/L of n-butanol was produced using POMH and glucose as substrates. The low-cost agro-industrial by-product showed great potential to be used in the production of n-butanol by S. cerevisiae. Other protein-rich residues may also find application in biofuel production by yeasts.
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39
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Efficient ammonia production from food by-products by engineered Escherichia coli. AMB Express 2020; 10:150. [PMID: 32809073 PMCID: PMC7434829 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia is used as a fertilizer for agriculture, chemical raw material, and carrier for transporting hydrogen, and with economic development, the demand for ammonia has increased. The Haber-Bosch process, which is the main method for producing ammonia, can produce ammonia with high efficiency. However, since it consumes a large amount of fossil energy, it is necessary to develop an alternative method for producing ammonia with less environmental impact. Ammonia production from food by-products is an appealing production process owing to unused resource usage, including waste, and mild reaction conditions. However, when food by-products and biomass are used as feedstocks, impurities often reduce productivity. Using metabolic profiling, glucose was identified as a potential inhibitor of ammonia production from impure food by-products. We constructed the recombinant Escherichia coli, in which glucose uptake was reduced by ptsG gene disruption and amino acid catabolism was promoted by glnA gene disruption. Ammonia production efficiency from okara, a food by-product, was improved in this strain; 35.4 mM ammonia was produced (47% yield). This study might provide a strategy for efficient ammonia production from food by-products.
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40
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Huang C, Guo L, Wang J, Wang N, Huo YX. Efficient long fragment editing technique enables large-scale and scarless bacterial genome engineering. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7943-7956. [PMID: 32794018 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria are versatile living systems that enhance our understanding of nature and enable biosynthesis of valuable chemicals. Long fragment editing techniques are of great importance for accelerating bacterial genome engineering to obtain desirable and genetically stable strains. However, the existing genome editing methods cannot meet the needs of engineers. We herein report an efficient long fragment editing method for large-scale and scarless genome engineering in Escherichia coli. The method enabled us to insert DNA fragments up to 12 kb into the genome and to delete DNA fragments up to 186.7 kb from the genome, with positive rates over 95%. We applied this method for E. coli genome simplification, resulting in 12 individual deletion mutants and four cumulative deletion mutants. The simplest genome lost a total of 370.6 kb of DNA sequence containing 364 open reading frames. Additionally, we applied this technique to metabolic engineering and obtained a genetically stable plasmid-independent isobutanol production strain that produced 1.3 g/L isobutanol via shake-flask fermentation. These results suggest that the method is a powerful genome engineering tool, highlighting its potential to be applied in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. KEY POINTS: • This article reports an efficient genome engineering tool for E. coli. • The tool is advantageous for the manipulations of long DNA fragments. • The tool has been successfully applied for genome simplification. • The tool has been successfully applied for metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.,SIP-UCLA Institute for Technology Advancement, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Liwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingge Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China. .,SIP-UCLA Institute for Technology Advancement, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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41
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Metabolic engineering of E. coli for producing phloroglucinol from acetate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7787-7799. [PMID: 32737536 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phloroglucinol is a three-hydroxyl phenolic compound and has diverse physiological and pharmacological activities such as antivirus and anti-inflammatory activities. Chemical synthesis of phloroglucinol suffered from many drawbacks such as high cost and environmental pollution. To avoid the above issues, microbial phloroglucinol biosynthesis was successfully accomplished in this study, while the abundant and low-cost acetate was used as the main carbon source. Firstly, the toxicity of phloroglucinol was tested, and E. coli BL21(DE3) could tolerate 5 g/L phloroglucinol. The ability of phloroglucinol synthase (PhlD) for catalyzing malonyl-CoA to phloroglucinol was confirmed, and E. coli BL21(DE3) expressing PhlD and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) could produce 1107 ± 12 mg/L phloroglucinol from glucose. Then, E. coli BL21(DE3) was engineered to utilize acetate to produce 228 ± 15 mg/L phloroglucinol. Then, the endogenous citrate synthase (GltA) which could catalyze oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA generated from acetate to citrate was knocked down by CRISPRi system in order to enhance the carbon flux for phloroglucinol production, and the titer was improved to 284 ± 8 mg/L. This work demonstrated that acetate could be used as low-cost substrate to achieve the biosynthesis of phloroglucinol and provided an example of effective utilization of acetate.
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42
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Bacterial synthesis of C3-C5 diols via extending amino acid catabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19159-19167. [PMID: 32719126 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003032117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are naturally occurring and structurally diverse metabolites in biological system, whose potentials for chemical expansion, however, have not been fully explored. Here, we devise a metabolic platform capable of producing industrially important C3-C5 diols from amino acids. The presented platform combines the natural catabolism of charged amino acids with a catalytically efficient and thermodynamically favorable diol formation pathway, created by expanding the substrate scope of the carboxylic acid reductase toward noncognate ω-hydroxylic acids. Using the established platform as gateways, seven different diol-convertible amino acids are converted to diols including 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,5-pentanediol. Particularly, we afford to optimize the production of 1,4-butanediol and demonstrate the de novo production of 1,5-pentanediol from glucose, with titers reaching 1.41 and 0.97 g l-1, respectively. Our work presents a metabolic platform that enriches the pathway repertoire for nonnatural diols with feedstock flexibility to both sugar and protein hydrolysates.
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43
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Gateau H, Blanckaert V, Veidl B, Burlet-Schiltz O, Pichereaux C, Gargaros A, Marchand J, Schoefs B. Application of pulsed electric fields for the biocompatible extraction of proteins from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 137:107588. [PMID: 33147566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to employ a pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment for the biocompatible (non-destructive) extraction of proteins from living cells of the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Using a field strength of 1 kV cm-1, we achieved the extraction of 10.2 µg protein per mL of culture, which corresponded to 46% of the total amount of proteins that could be extracted by complete destructive extraction (i.e. the grinding of biomass with glass beads). We found that the extraction yield was not improved by stronger field strengths and was not dependent on the pulse frequency. A biocompatibility index (BI) was defined as the relative abundance of cells that remained alive after the PEF treatment. This index relied on measurements of several physiological parameters after a PEF treatment. It was found that at 1 kV cm-1 that cultures recovered after 72 h. Therefore, these PEF conditions constituted a good compromise between protein extraction efficiency and culture survival. To characterize the PEF treatment further at a molecular level, mass spectrometry-based proteomics analyses of PEF-prepared extracts was used. This led to the identification of 52 electro-extracted proteins. Of these, only 16 proteins were identified when proteins were extracted with PEF at 0.5 cm-1. They belong to core metabolism, stress response and cell movement. Unassigned proteins were also extracted. Their physiological implications and possible utilization in food as alimentary complements are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Gateau
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Molecules from Microalgae and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Vincent Blanckaert
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Molecules from Microalgae and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, IUT de Laval, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Brigitte Veidl
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Molecules from Microalgae and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carole Pichereaux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France; Fédération de Recherche (FR3450), Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FRAIB), CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Justine Marchand
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Molecules from Microalgae and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Molecules from Microalgae and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France.
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44
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Bioconversion of Plant Hydrolysate Biomass into Biofuels Using an Engineered Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli Mixed-whole Cell Biotransformation. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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45
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Luo J, Efimova E, Losoi P, Santala V, Santala S. Wax ester production in nitrogen-rich conditions by metabolically engineered Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1. Metab Eng Commun 2020; 10:e00128. [PMID: 32477866 PMCID: PMC7251950 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2020.e00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic engineering can be used as a powerful tool to redirect cell resources towards product synthesis, also in conditions that are not optimal for the production. An example of synthesis strongly dependent on external conditions is the production of storage lipids, which typically requires a high carbon/nitrogen ratio. This requirement also limits the use of abundant nitrogen-rich materials, such as industrial protein by-products, as substrates for lipid production. Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 is known for its ability to produce industrially interesting storage lipids, namely wax esters (WEs). Here, we engineered A. baylyi ADP1 by deleting the gene aceA encoding for isocitrate lyase and overexpressing fatty acyl-CoA reductase Acr1 in the wax ester production pathway to allow redirection of carbon towards WEs. This strategy led to 3-fold improvement in yield (0.075 g/g glucose) and 3.15-fold improvement in titer (1.82 g/L) and productivity (0.038 g/L/h) by a simple one-stage batch cultivation with glucose as carbon source. The engineered strain accumulated up to 27% WEs of cell dry weight. The titer and cellular WE content are the highest reported to date among microbes. We further showed that the engineering strategy alleviated the inherent requirement for high carbon/nitrogen ratio and demonstrated the production of wax esters using nitrogen-rich substrates including casamino acids, yeast extract, and baker's yeast hydrolysate, which support biomass production but not WE production in wild-type cells. The study demonstrates the power of metabolic engineering in overcoming natural limitations in the production of storage lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Luo
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Hervanta Campus, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, Tampere, 33720, Finland
| | - Elena Efimova
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Hervanta Campus, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, Tampere, 33720, Finland
| | - Pauli Losoi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Hervanta Campus, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, Tampere, 33720, Finland
| | - Ville Santala
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Hervanta Campus, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, Tampere, 33720, Finland
| | - Suvi Santala
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Hervanta Campus, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, Tampere, 33720, Finland
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46
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Bioplastic Production from Microalgae: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113842. [PMID: 32481700 PMCID: PMC7312682 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plastic waste production around the world is increasing, which leads to global plastic waste pollution. The need for an innovative solution to reduce this pollution is inevitable. Increased recycling of plastic waste alone is not a comprehensive solution. Furthermore, decreasing fossil-based plastic usage is an important aspect of sustainability. As an alternative to fossil-based plastics in the market, bio-based plastics are gaining in popularity. According to the studies conducted, products with similar performance characteristics can be obtained using biological feedstocks instead of fossil-based sources. In particular, bioplastic production from microalgae is a new opportunity to be explored and further improved. The aim of this study is to determine the current state of bioplastic production technologies from microalgae species and reveal possible optimization opportunities in the process and application areas. Therefore, the species used as resources for bioplastic production, the microalgae cultivation methods and bioplastic material production methods from microalgae were summarized.
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Ha GS, El-Dalatony MM, Kim DH, Salama ES, Kurade MB, Roh HS, El-Fatah Abomohra A, Jeon BH. Biocomponent-based microalgal transformations into biofuels during the pretreatment and fermentation process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 302:122809. [PMID: 31981806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal cell wall integrity and composition have a significant impact on the fermentation process and biofuel recovery. In this study, various biofuels (bioethanol, higher alcohols (C3-C5), and biodiesel) were produced by the fermentation of carbohydrates and proteins, and transesterification of lipids from three different microalgal strains (Pseudochlorella sp., Chlamydomonas mexicana, and Chlamydomonas pitschmannii), each possessing different proportions of bioconstituents (carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids). Changes in the cell wall structure and thickness were observed before and after fermentation using transmission electron microscopy. Pseudochlorella sp. showed the highest yields of bioethanol (0.45 g-ethanol/g-carbohydrates), higher alcohols (0.44 g-higher alcohols/g-proteins), and biodiesel (0.55 g-biodiesel/g-lipids), which consequently revealed a maximum energy recovery (42%) from whole constituents. This study suggests that different physiological properties, including cell wall thickness and the proportion of bioconstituents in microalgae, could have a significant impact on the pretreatment and fermentation efficiencies for biofuels production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon-Soo Ha
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | | | - Do-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - El-Sayed Salama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, PR China
| | - Mayur B Kurade
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Seog Roh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, South Korea
| | | | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
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Nagarajan D, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Pretreatment of microalgal biomass for efficient biohydrogen production - Recent insights and future perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 302:122871. [PMID: 32007310 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biohydrogen is a plausible alternative fuel solution for the contemporary issues regarding global warming and the steadily increasing greenhouse gas emissions, because of its high energy content and carbon-free combustion properties. Hydrogen does not exist in its natural state and the current hydrogen production technologies (steam methane reforming, water splitting) are energy-intensive, accompanied by a huge carbon footprint. Dark fermentative hydrogen production by anaerobic hydrogen-producing bacteria is a green, sustainable and emission-free pathway for hydrogen production. Microalgal biomass is considered as the third generation biofuel feedstock and is receiving academic and industrial research attention for its carbon sequestration abilities. This review discusses in detail about the pretreatment methods that could be adapted for microalgal biomass for effective biohydrogen production. Microalgal cell wall structure and the associated polymeric carbohydrates that offer certain recalcitrance are critically analyzed and future research perspectives are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillirani Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Center for Nanotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607 Taiwan
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Kamal R, Shen H, Li Q, Wang Q, Yu X, Zhao ZK. Utilization of Amino Acid-Rich Wastes for Microbial Lipid Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:1594-1604. [PMID: 32193803 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To produce microbial lipids for biofuel production, carbohydrates and related compounds from biomass have been routinely utilized, yet amino acids (AA) from protein-rich wastes have been overlooked so far. We use the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC 20509 as a lipid producer and evaluate the capacity for lipid production on proteinogenic AA individually or in designated blends under two-staged culture conditions. It was found that cellular lipid contents reached 48.8%, 44.5% and 29.0% when yeast cells were cultivated in media-contained AA blends with compositional profiles similar to those of sheep viscera, meat industry by-products and fish muscle, respectively, and that lipid coefficients were more than 0.10 g g-1. Furthermore, cellular lipid contents were higher than 20% when most AA were used individually. High lipid coefficients of over 0.23 g g-1 were observed when Pro, Trp or Leu were used as a substrate. Results also indicated that higher initial media pH or reduced phosphate concentration was beneficial for lipid production on AA. This work demonstrated the potential to use AA and related wastes as substrates for microbial lipid production by the yeast C. curvatus, which fit well with the protein-based biorefinery concept. Further efforts should be devoted to recognizing the metabolic features, identifying more robust lipid producer and optimizing lipid production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Kamal
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Shen
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongbao Kent Zhao
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China. .,Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Ma L, Guo L, Yang Y, Guo K, Yan Y, Ma X, Huo YX. Protein-based biorefining driven by nitrogen-responsive transcriptional machinery. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:29. [PMID: 32127916 PMCID: PMC7045595 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-1667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein-based bioconversion has been demonstrated as a sustainable approach to produce higher alcohols and ammonia fertilizers. However, owing to the switchover from transcription mediated by the bacterial RNA polymerase σ70 to that mediated by alternative σ factors, the biofuel production driven by σ70-dependent promoters declines rapidly once cells enter the stationary phase or encounter stresses. To enhance biofuel production, in this study the growth phase-independent and nitrogen-responsive transcriptional machinery mediated by the σ54 is exploited to drive robust protein-to-fuel conversion. RESULTS We demonstrated that disrupting the Escherichia coli ammonia assimilation pathways driven by glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase could sustain the activity of σ54-mediated transcription under ammonia-accumulating conditions. In addition, two σ54-dependent promoters, argTp and glnAp2, were identified as suitable candidates for driving pathway expression. Using these promoters, biofuel production from proteins was shown to persist to the stationary phase, with the net production in the stationary phase being 1.7-fold higher than that derived from the optimal reported σ70-dependent promoter P LlacO1. Biofuel production reaching levels 1.3- to 3.4-fold higher than those of the σ70-dependent promoters was also achieved by argTp and glnAp2 under stressed conditions. Moreover, the σ54-dependent promoters realized more rapid and stable production than that of σ70-dependent promoters during fed-batch fermentation, producing up to 4.78 g L - 1 of total biofuels. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the nitrogen-responsive transcriptional machinery offers the potential to decouple production from growth, highlighting this system as a novel candidate to realize growth phase-independent and stress-resistant biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Guo
- Biology Institute, Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103 China
| | - Yajun Yan
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
- Biology Institute, Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103 China
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
- Biology Institute, Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103 China
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