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Tanwar N, Mahto BK, Rookes JE, Cahill DM, Bansal KC, Lenka SK. Chloroplast transformation in new cultivars of tomato through particle bombardment. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:120. [PMID: 38545123 PMCID: PMC10963679 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
A protocol has been established for genetic transformation of the chloroplasts in two new cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in India and Australia: Pusa Ruby and Yellow Currant. Tomato cv. Green Pineapple was also used as a control that has previously been used for establishing chloroplast transformation by other researchers. Selected tomato cultivars were finalized from ten other tested cultivars (Green Pineapple excluded) due to their high regeneration potential and better response to chloroplast transformation. This protocol was set up using a chloroplast transformation vector (pRB94) for tomatoes that is made up of a synthetic gene operon. The vector has a chimeric aadA selectable marker gene that is controlled by the rRNA operon promoter (Prrn). This makes the plant or chloroplasts resistant to spectinomycin and streptomycin. After plasmid-coated particle bombardment, leaf explants were cultured in 50 mg/L selection media. Positive explant selection from among all the dead-appearing (yellow to brown) explants was found to be the major hurdle in the study. Even though this study was able to find plastid transformants in heteroplasmic conditions, it also found important parameters and changes that could speed up the process of chloroplast transformation in tomatoes, resulting in homoplasmic plastid-transformed plants. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03954-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tanwar
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003 India
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Binod K. Mahto
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003 India
- University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834008 India
| | - James E. Rookes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - David M. Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Kailash C. Bansal
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003 India
- National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Sangram K. Lenka
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003 India
- Present Address: Department of Plant Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gujarat International Finance Tec (GIFT)-City, North Gate, Gandhinagar, 382355 Gujarat India
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2
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Odahara M, Ara MT, Nakagawa R, Horii Y, Ishio S, Ogita S, Numata K. A multiple shoot induction system for peptide-mediated gene delivery into plastids in Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana benthamiana, and Fragaria× ananassa. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2023; 40:263-271. [PMID: 38434117 PMCID: PMC10905367 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.23.0501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The plastid is a promising target for the production of valuable biomolecules via genetic engineering. We recently developed a plastid-specific gene delivery system for leaves or seedlings using KH-AtOEP34, a functional peptide composed of the polycationic DNA-binding peptide KH and the Arabidopsis thaliana plastid-targeting peptide OEP34. Here, we established a liquid culture system for inducing multiple shoots in the model plants A. thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana and the crop plant strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) and tested the use of these plant materials for peptide-mediated gene delivery to plastids. Our liquid culture system efficiently induced multiple shoots that were enriched in meristems. Using these meristems, we performed KH-AtOEP34-mediated gene delivery to plastids and tested the delivery and integration of a cassette composed of the spectinomycin resistance gene aadA, the GFP reporter gene, and sequences homologous to plastid DNA. Genotyping PCR revealed the integration of the cassette DNA into plastid DNA several days after delivery in all three plants. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunoblotting confirmed the presence of plasmid-derived GFP in the plastids of meristems, indicating that the plasmid DNA was successfully integrated into plastid DNA and that the cassette was expressed. These results suggest the meristems developed in our liquid culture system are applicable to peptide-mediated delivery of exogeneous DNA into plastids. The multiple shoots generated in our liquid novel culture system represent promising materials for in planta peptide-mediated plastid transformation in combination with spectinomycin selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Odahara
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Most Tanziman Ara
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Remi Nakagawa
- Resources Group, Tsukuba Research Institute, Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2646, Japan
| | - Yoko Horii
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shougo Ishio
- Resources Group, Tsukuba Research Institute, Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2646, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Ogita
- Department of Local Resources, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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3
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Tanwar N, Arya SS, Rookes JE, Cahill DM, Lenka SK, Bansal KC. Prospects of chloroplast metabolic engineering for developing nutrient-dense food crops. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1001-1018. [PMID: 35815847 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2092717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Addressing nutritional deficiencies in food crops through biofortification is a sustainable approach to tackling malnutrition. Biofortification is continuously being attempted through conventional breeding as well as through various plant biotechnological interventions, ranging from molecular breeding to genetic engineering and genome editing for enriching crops with various health-promoting metabolites. Genetic engineering is used for the rational incorporation of desired nutritional traits in food crops and predominantly operates through nuclear and chloroplast genome engineering. In the recent past, chloroplast engineering has been deployed as a strategic tool to develop model plants with enhanced nutritional traits due to the various advantages it offers over nuclear genome engineering. However, this approach needs to be extended for the nutritional enhancement of major food crops. Further, this platform could be combined with strategies, such as synthetic biology, chloroplast editing, nanoparticle-mediated rapid chloroplast transformation, and horizontal gene transfer through grafting for targeting endogenous metabolic pathways for overproducing native nutraceuticals, production of biopharmaceuticals, and biosynthesis of designer nutritional compounds. This review focuses on exploring various features of chloroplast genome engineering for nutritional enhancement of food crops by enhancing the levels of existing metabolites, restoring the metabolites lost during crop domestication, and introducing novel metabolites and phytonutrients needed for a healthy daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tanwar
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, India
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sagar S Arya
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - James E Rookes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - David M Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sangram K Lenka
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, India
- Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gujarat, India
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Hossain MJ, Bakhsh A, Joyia FA, Aksoy E, Gökçe NZÖ, Khan MS. Engineering of insecticidal hybrid gene into potato chloroplast genome exhibits promising control of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Transgenic Res 2023; 32:497-512. [PMID: 37707659 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-023-00366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The potato chloroplast was transformed with codon optimized synthetic hybrid cry gene (SN19) to mitigate crop losses by Colorado potato beetle (CPB). The bombarded explants (leaves and internode) were cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg/l), NAA (0.2 mg/l), TDZ (2.0 mg/l) and GA3 (0.1 mg/l); spectinomycin 50 mg/l was used as a selection agent in the medium. Leaf explants of cultivar Kuroda induced highest percentage (92%) of callus where cultivar Santae produced the highest percentage (85.7%) of transplastomic shoots. Sante and Challenger showed 9.6% shoot regeneration efficiency followed by cultivar Simply Red (8.8%). PCR amplification yielded 16 postive transplastomic plantlets out of 21 spectinomycin resistant ones. Target gene integration was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot, whereas RT-qPCR was used to assess the expression level of transgene. The localization of visual marker gene gfp was tracked by laser scanning confocal microscopy which confirmed its expression in chloroplasts of leaf cells. The transplastomic plants ensured high mortality to both larvae and adult CPB. Foliage consumption and weight gain of CPB fed on transplastomic leaves were lower compared to the control plants. Sucessful implementation of current research findings can lead to a viable solution to CPB mediated potato losses globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jakir Hossain
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240, Nigde, Turkey
- Basic and Applied Research on Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Allah Bakhsh
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240, Nigde, Turkey.
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Faiz Ahmad Joyia
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Emre Aksoy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Zahide Özturk Gökçe
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Sarwar Khan
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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5
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Tanwar N, Rookes JE, Cahill DM, Lenka SK. Carotenoid Pathway Engineering in Tobacco Chloroplast Using a Synthetic Operon. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1923-1934. [PMID: 36884112 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The carotenoid pathway in plants has been altered through metabolic engineering to enhance their nutritional value and generate keto-carotenoids, which are widely sought after in the food, feed, and human health industries. In this study, the aim was to produce keto-carotenoids by manipulating the native carotenoid pathway in tobacco plants through chloroplast engineering. Transplastomic tobacco plants were generated that express a synthetic multigene operon composed of three heterologous genes, with Intercistronic Expression Elements (IEEs) for effective mRNA splicing. The metabolic changes observed in the transplastomic plants showed a significant shift towards the xanthophyll cycle, with only a minor production of keto-lutein. The use of a ketolase gene in combination with the lycopene cyclase and hydroxylase genes was a novel approach and demonstrated a successful redirection of the carotenoid pathway towards the xanthophyll cycle and the production of keto-lutein. This study presents a scalable molecular genetic platform for the development of novel keto-carotenoids in tobacco using the Design-Build-Test-Learn (DBTL) approach. This study corroborates chloroplast metabolic engineering using a synthetic biology approach for producing novel metabolites belonging to carotenoid class in industrially important tobacco plant. The synthetic multigene construct resulted in producing a novel metabolite, keto-lutein with high accumulation of xanthophyll metabolites. This figure was drawn using BioRender ( https://www.biorender.com ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tanwar
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003, India
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - James E Rookes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - David M Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Sangram K Lenka
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003, India.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, 382355, India.
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6
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Occhialini A, Lenaghan SC. Plastid engineering using episomal DNA. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023:10.1007/s00299-023-03020-x. [PMID: 37127835 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Novel episomal systems have the potential to accelerate plastid genetic engineering for application in plant synthetic biology. Plastids represent valuable subcellular compartments for genetic engineering of plants with intrinsic advantages to engineering the nucleus. The ability to perform site-specific transgene integration by homologous recombination (HR), coordination of transgene expression in operons, and high production of heterologous proteins, all make plastids an attractive target for synthetic biology. Typically, plastid engineering is performed by homologous recombination; however, episomal-replicating vectors have the potential to accelerate the design/build/test cycles for plastid engineering. By accelerating the timeline from design to validation, it will be possible to generate translational breakthroughs in fields ranging from agriculture to biopharmaceuticals. Episomal-based plastid engineering will allow precise single step metabolic engineering in plants enabling the installation of complex synthetic circuits with the ambitious goal of reaching similar efficiency and flexibility of to the state-of-the-art genetic engineering of prokaryotic systems. The prospect to design novel episomal systems for production of transplastomic marker-free plants will also improve biosafety for eventual release in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Occhialini
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 112 Plant Biotechnology Building 2505 E J Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology (CASB), University of Tennessee, 2640 Morgan Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Scott C Lenaghan
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology (CASB), University of Tennessee, 2640 Morgan Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, 102 Food Safety and Processing Building 2600 River Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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7
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Ghandour R, Gao Y, Laskowski J, Barahimipour R, Ruf S, Bock R, Zoschke R. Transgene insertion into the plastid genome alters expression of adjacent native chloroplast genes at the transcriptional and translational levels. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:711-725. [PMID: 36529916 PMCID: PMC10037153 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In plant biotechnology and basic research, chloroplasts have been used as chassis for the expression of various transgenes. However, potential unintended side effects of transgene insertion and high-level transgene expression on the expression of native chloroplast genes are often ignored and have not been studied comprehensively. Here, we examined expression of the chloroplast genome at both the transcriptional and translational levels in five transplastomic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lines carrying the identical aadA resistance marker cassette in diverse genomic positions. Although none of the lines exhibits a pronounced visible phenotype, the analysis of three lines that contain the aadA insertion in different locations within the petL-petG-psaJ-rpl33-rps18 transcription unit demonstrates that transcriptional read-through from the aadA resistance marker is unavoidable, and regularly causes overexpression of downstream sense-oriented chloroplast genes at the transcriptional and translational levels. Investigation of additional lines that harbour the aadA intergenically and outside of chloroplast transcription units revealed that expression of the resistance marker can also cause antisense effects by interference with transcription/transcript accumulation and/or translation of downstream antisense-oriented genes. In addition, we provide evidence for a previously suggested role of genomically encoded tRNAs in chloroplast transcription termination and/or transcript processing. Together, our data uncover principles of neighbouring effects of chloroplast transgenes and suggest general strategies for the choice of transgene insertion sites and expression elements to minimize unintended consequences of transgene expression on the transcription and translation of native chloroplast genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabea Ghandour
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Yang Gao
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | | | | | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Reimo Zoschke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
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8
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Wu M, Zhang Q, Dong Y, Wang Z, Zhan W, Ke Z, Li S, He L, Ruf S, Bock R, Zhang J. Transplastomic tomatoes expressing double-stranded RNA against a conserved gene are efficiently protected from multiple spider mites. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1363-1373. [PMID: 36328788 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spider mites are serious pests and have evolved significant resistance to many chemical pesticides, thus making their control challenging. Several insect pests can be combated by plastid-mediated RNA interference (PM-RNAi), but whether PM-RNAi can be utilized to control noninsect pests is unknown. Here, we show that three species of spider mites (Tetranychus evansi, Tetranychus truncatus, and Tetranychus cinnabarinus) take up plastid RNA upon feeding. We generated transplastomic tomato plants expressing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeted against a conserved region of the spider mite β-Actin mRNA. Transplastomic plants exhibited high levels of resistance to all three spider mite species, as evidenced by increased mortality and suppression of target gene expression. Notably, transplastomic plants induced a more robust RNAi response, caused higher mortality, and were overall better protected from spider mites than dsRNA-expressing nuclear transgenic plants. Our data demonstrate the potential of PM-RNAi as an efficient pest control measure for spider mites and extend the application range of the technology to noninsect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zican Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wenqin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zebin Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
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9
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Ren K, Xu W, Ren B, Fu J, Jiang C, Zhang J. A simple technology for plastid transformation with fragmented DNA. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6078-6088. [PMID: 35689813 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastid engineering has several unique advantages such as high expression of transgenes due to high polyploidy of plastid genomes and environmental biosafety because of maternal inheritance of transgenes, and has become a promising tool for molecular farming, metabolic engineering, and genetic improvement. However, there are no standard vectors available for plastid transformation. Moreover, the construction of plastid transformation vectors containing long operons or genes encoding proteins that are toxic to Escherichia coli was tedious or difficult. Here, we developed a simple plastid transformation technology without the need for in vitro vector construction by using multiple linear DNA fragments which share homologous sequences (HSs) at their ends. The strategy is based on homologous recombination between HSs of DNA fragments via endogenous recombination machinery in plastids, which subsequently are integrated into the plastid genome. We found that HSs of 200 bp or longer were sufficient for mediating the integration into the plastid genome with at least similar efficiency to that of plasmid DNA-based plastid transformation. Furthermore, we successfully used this method to introduce a phage lysin-encoding gene and a long operon into a tobacco plastid genome. The establishment of this technology simplifies the plastid transformation procedure and provides a novel solution for expressing proteins, which are either toxic to the cloning host or large operons in plastids, without need of vector cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bailing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinqiu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Expression strategies for the efficient synthesis of antimicrobial peptides in plastids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5856. [PMID: 36195597 PMCID: PMC9532397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) kill microbes or inhibit their growth and are promising next-generation antibiotics. Harnessing their full potential as antimicrobial agents will require methods for cost-effective large-scale production and purification. Here, we explore the possibility to exploit the high protein synthesis capacity of the chloroplast to produce AMPs in plants. Generating a large series of 29 sets of transplastomic tobacco plants expressing nine different AMPs as fusion proteins, we show that high-level constitutive AMP expression results in deleterious plant phenotypes. However, by utilizing inducible expression and fusions to the cleavable carrier protein SUMO, the cytotoxic effects of AMPs and fused AMPs are alleviated and plants with wild-type-like phenotypes are obtained. Importantly, purified AMP fusion proteins display antimicrobial activity independently of proteolytic removal of the carrier. Our work provides expression strategies for the synthesis of toxic polypeptides in chloroplasts, and establishes transplastomic plants as efficient production platform for antimicrobial peptides.
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11
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Odahara M, Horii Y, Itami J, Watanabe K, Numata K. Functional peptide-mediated plastid transformation in tobacco, rice, and kenaf. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:989310. [PMID: 36212290 PMCID: PMC9539840 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.989310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In plant engineering, plastid transformation is more advantageous than nuclear transformation because it results in high levels of protein expression from multiple genome copies per cell and is unaffected by gene silencing. The common plastid transformation methods are biolistic bombardment that requires special instruments and PEG-mediated transformation that is only applicable to protoplast cells. Here, we aimed to establish a new plastid transformation method in tobacco, rice, and kenaf using a biocompatible fusion peptide as a carrier to deliver DNA into plastids. We used a fusion peptide, KH-AtOEP34, comprising a polycationic DNA-binding peptide (KH) and a plastid-targeting peptide (AtOEP34) to successfully deliver and integrate construct DNA into plastid DNA (ptDNA) via homologous recombination. We obtained transformants in each species using selection with spectinomycin/streptomycin and the corresponding resistance gene aadA. The constructs remained in ptDNA for several months after introduction even under non-selective condition. The transformants normally flowered and are fertile in most cases. The offspring of the transformants (the T1 generation) retained the integrated construct DNA in their ptDNA, as indicated by PCR and DNA blotting, and expressed GFP in plastids from the integrated construct DNA. In summary, we successfully used the fusion peptide method for integration of foreign DNA in tobacco, rice, and kenaf ptDNA, and the integrated DNA was transmitted to the next generations. Whereas optimization is necessary to obtain homoplasmic plastid transformants that enable stable heterologous expression of genes, the plastid transformation method shown here is a novel nanomaterial-based approach distinct from the conventional methods, and we propose that this easy method could be used to target a wide variety of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Odahara
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Yoko Horii
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Jun Itami
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Kenta Watanabe
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Lu S, He H, Wang P, Gou H, Cao X, Ma Z, Chen B, Mao J. Evolutionary relationship analysis of STARD gene family and VvSTARD5 improves tolerance of salt stress in transgenic tomatoes. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13772. [PMID: 36054928 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer domain (STARD) forms a protein that can bind membrane-derived phospholipid second messengers and plasma membranes. Although it has been reported in many plants, the evolutionary relationship of the STARD gene family has not been systematically analyzed, and functions of the HD-START and HD-START-MEKHLA domain subgroup genes under hormone and abiotic stress are also unclear in grapes. This study identified and analyzed 23 VvSTARD genes, which were distinctly divided into five subgroups according to five conserved domain types. The analyses of codon preference, selective pressure, and synteny relationship revealed that grape had higher homology with Arabidopsis compared with rice. Interestingly, the expression levels of VvSTARD genes in subgroups 1, 2, and 3 exhibited significant upregulation under NaCl treatment at 24 h, but VvSTARD genes in subgroups 4 and 5 were upregulated under methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment at 24 h. The subcellular localization showed that VvSTARD5 was localized in the nucleus. Additionally, under NaCl treatment at 24 h, there were an obvious decrease in the relative electrical leakages and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), while the relative expression level of VvSTARD5 and content of proline were obviously enhanced in three transgenic lines. Therefore, the overexpression of VvSTARD5 greatly increased the salt tolerance of transgenic tomatoes. Collectively, this study preliminarily explores the comprehensive function of the STARD gene family in grapes and verifies the function of VvSTARD5 in response to salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong He
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiming Gou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejing Cao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baihong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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13
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Maliga P. Engineering the plastid and mitochondrial genomes of flowering plants. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:996-1006. [PMID: 36038655 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the plastid genome based on homologous recombination is well developed in a few model species. Homologous recombination is also the rule in mitochondria, but transformation of the mitochondrial genome has not been realized in the absence of selective markers. The application of transcription activator-like (TAL) effector-based tools brought about a dramatic change because they can be deployed from nuclear genes and targeted to plastids or mitochondria by an N-terminal targeting sequence. Recognition of the target site in the organellar genomes is ensured by the modular assembly of TALE repeats. In this paper, I review the applications of TAL effector nucleases and TAL effector cytidine deaminases for gene deletion, base editing and mutagenesis in plastids and mitochondria. I also review emerging technologies such as post-transcriptional RNA modification to regulate gene expression, Agrobacterium- and nanoparticle-mediated organellar genome transformation, and self-replicating organellar vectors as production platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pal Maliga
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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14
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Li X, Liu X, Lu W, Yin X, An S. Application progress of plant-mediated RNAi in pest control. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:963026. [PMID: 36003536 PMCID: PMC9393288 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.963026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-based biopesticides are novel biologic products, developed using RNAi principles. They are engineered to target genes of agricultural diseases, insects, and weeds, interfering with their target gene expression so as to hinder their growth and alleviate their damaging effects on crops. RNAi-based biopesticides are broadly classified into resistant plant-based plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs) and non-plant-incorporated protectants. PIP RNAi-based biopesticides are novel biopesticides that combine the advantages of RNAi and resistant transgenic crops. Such RNAi-based biopesticides are developed through nuclear or plastid transformation to breed resistant plants, i.e., dsRNA-expressing transgenic plants. The dsRNA of target genes is expressed in the plant cell, with pest and disease control being achieved through plant-target organism interactions. Here, we review the action mechanism and strategies of RNAi for pest management, the development of RNAi-based transgenic plant, and the current status and advantages of deploying these products for pest control, as well as the future research directions and problems in production and commercialization. Overall, this study aims to elucidate the current development status of RNAi-based biopesticides and provide guidelines for future research.
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15
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Sørensen M, Andersen-Ranberg J, Hankamer B, Møller BL. Circular biomanufacturing through harvesting solar energy and CO 2. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:655-673. [PMID: 35396170 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using synthetic biology, it is now time to expand the biosynthetic repertoire of plants and microalgae by utilizing the chloroplast to augment the production of desired high-value compounds and of oil-, carbohydrate-, or protein-enriched biomass based on direct harvesting of solar energy and the consumption of CO2. Multistream product lines based on separate commercialization of the isolated high-value compounds and of the improved bulk products increase the economic potential of the light-driven production system and accelerate commercial scale up. Here we outline the scientific basis for the establishment of such green circular biomanufacturing systems and highlight recent results that make this a realistic option based on cross-disciplinary basic and applied research to advance long-term solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Sørensen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Andersen-Ranberg
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ben Hankamer
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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16
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Khalid F, Tahir R, Ellahi M, Amir N, Rizvi SFA, Hasnain A. Emerging trends of edible vaccine therapy for combating human diseases especially
COVID
‐19: Pros, cons, and future challenges. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2746-2766. [PMID: 35499291 PMCID: PMC9347755 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The researchers are still doing efforts to develop an effective, reliable, and easily accessible vaccine candidate to protect against COVID‐19. As of the August 2020, nearly 30 conventional vaccines have been emerged in clinical trials, and more than 200 vaccines are in various development stages. Nowadays, plants are also considered as a potential source for the production of monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, drugs, immunomodulatory proteins, as well as used as bioreactors or factories for their bulk production. The scientific evidences enlighten that plants are the rich source of oral vaccines, which can be given either by eating the edible parts of plants and/or by oral administration of highly refined proteins. The use of plant‐based edible vaccines is an emerging trend as it possesses minimum or no side effects compared with synthetic vaccines. This review article gives insights into different types of vaccines, the use of edible vaccines, advantages of edible vaccines over conventional vaccines, and mechanism of action of edible vaccines. This review article also focuses on the applications of edible vaccines in wide‐range of human diseases especially against COVID‐19 with emphasis on future perspectives of the use of edible vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Khalid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Reema Tahir
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Manahil Ellahi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Nilofer Amir
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Syed Faheem Askari Rizvi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhouP.R. China
| | - Ammarah Hasnain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
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17
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Plastid Transformation of Micro-Tom Tomato with a Hemipteran Double-Stranded RNA Results in RNA Interference in Multiple Insect Species. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073918. [PMID: 35409279 PMCID: PMC8999928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) holds great promise for insect pest control, as plants can be transformed to produce double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to selectively down-regulate insect genes essential for survival. For optimum potency, dsRNA can be produced in plant plastids, enabling the accumulation of unprocessed dsRNAs. However, the relative effectiveness of this strategy in inducing an RNAi response in insects using different feeding mechanisms is understudied. To investigate this, we first tested an in vitro-synthesized 189 bp dsRNA matching a highly conserved region of the v-ATPaseA gene from cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis) on three insect species from two different orders that use leaf-chewing, lacerate-and-flush, or sap-sucking mechanisms to feed, and showed that the dsRNA significantly down-regulated the target gene. We then developed transplastomic Micro-tom tomato plants to produce the dsRNA in plant plastids and showed that the dsRNA is produced in leaf, flower, green fruit, red fruit, and roots, with the highest dsRNA levels found in the leaf. The plastid-produced dsRNA induced a significant gene down-regulation in insects using leaf-chewing and lacerate-and-flush feeding mechanisms, while sap-sucking insects were unaffected. Our results suggest that plastid-produced dsRNA can be used to control leaf-chewing and lacerate-and-flush feeding insects, but may not be useful for sap-sucking insects.
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18
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Elshikh MS, Ajmal Ali M, Al-Hemaid F, Yong Kim S, Elangbam M, Bahadur Gurung A, Mukherjee P, El-Zaidy M, Lee J. Insights into plastome of Fagonia indica Burm.f. (Zygophyllaceae) : organization, annotation and phylogeny. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1313-1321. [PMID: 35280582 PMCID: PMC8913386 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhanced understanding of chloroplast genomics would facilitate various biotechnology applications; however, the chloroplast (cp) genome / plastome characteristics of plants like Fagonia indica Burm.f. (family Zygophyllaceae), which have the capability to grow in extremely hot sand desert, have been rarely understood. The de novo genome sequence of F. indica using the Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology determined 128,379 bp long cp genome, encode 115 unique coding genes. The present study added the evidence of the loss of a copy of the IR in the cp genome of the taxa capable to grow in the hot sand desert. The maximum likelihood analysis revealed two distinct sub-clades i.e. Krameriaceae and Zygophyllaceae of the order Zygophyllales, nested within fabids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soo Yong Kim
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Meena Elangbam
- Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies in Life Sciences, Manipur University, Canchipur 795 003, India
| | - Arun Bahadur Gurung
- Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Prasanjit Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Kumar Kalidas Memorial College, Pakur-816107, Jharkhand, India
| | - Mohamed El-Zaidy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joongku Lee
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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19
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Monreal-Escalante E, Ramos-Vega A, Angulo C, Bañuelos-Hernández B. Plant-Based Vaccines: Antigen Design, Diversity, and Strategies for High Level Production. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:100. [PMID: 35062761 PMCID: PMC8782010 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines for human use have conventionally been developed by the production of (1) microbial pathogens in eggs or mammalian cells that are then inactivated, or (2) by the production of pathogen proteins in mammalian and insect cells that are purified for vaccine formulation, as well as, more recently, (3) by using RNA or DNA fragments from pathogens. Another approach for recombinant antigen production in the last three decades has been the use of plants as biofactories. Only have few plant-produced vaccines been evaluated in clinical trials to fight against diseases, of which COVID-19 vaccines are the most recent to be FDA approved. In silico tools have accelerated vaccine design, which, combined with transitory antigen expression in plants, has led to the testing of promising prototypes in pre-clinical and clinical trials. Therefore, this review deals with a description of immunoinformatic tools and plant genetic engineering technologies used for antigen design (virus-like particles (VLP), subunit vaccines, VLP chimeras) and the main strategies for high antigen production levels. These key topics for plant-made vaccine development are discussed and perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante
- Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto PoliItécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, BCS, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (C.A.)
- CONACYT—Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, BCS, Mexico
| | - Abel Ramos-Vega
- Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto PoliItécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, BCS, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (C.A.)
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto PoliItécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, BCS, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (C.A.)
| | - Bernardo Bañuelos-Hernández
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Universidad De La Salle Bajío, Avenida Universidad 602, Lomas del Campestre, Leon 37150, GTO, Mexico
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20
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Sheng J, She X, Liu X, Wang J, Hu Z. Comparative analysis of codon usage patterns in chloroplast genomes of five Miscanthus species and related species. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12173. [PMID: 34631315 PMCID: PMC8466072 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Miscanthus is not only a perennial fiber biomass crop, but also valuable breeding resource for its low-nutrient requirements, photosynthetic efficiency and strong adaptability to environment. In the present study, the codon usage patterns of five different Miscanthus plants and other two related species were systematically analyzed. The results indicated that the cp genomes of the seven representative species were preference to A/T bases and A/T-ending codons. In addition, 21 common high-frequency codons and 4–11 optimal codons were detected in the seven chloroplast genomes. The results of ENc-plot, PR2-plot and neutrality analysis revealed the codon usage patterns of the seven chloroplast genomes are influenced by multiple factors, in which nature selection is the main influencing factor. Comparative analysis of the codon usage frequencies between the seven representative species and four model organisms suggested that Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus trichocarpa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae could be considered as preferential appropriate exogenous expression receptors. These results might not only provide important reference information for evolutionary analysis, but also shed light on the way to improve the expression efficiency of exogenous gene in transgenic research based on codon optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Sheng
- Nantong University, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, China
| | | | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Nantong University, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
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21
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Zhu X, Liu X, Liu T, Wang Y, Ahmed N, Li Z, Jiang H. Synthetic biology of plant natural products: From pathway elucidation to engineered biosynthesis in plant cells. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100229. [PMID: 34746761 PMCID: PMC8553972 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products (PNPs) are the main sources of drugs, food additives, and new biofuels and have become a hotspot in synthetic biology. In the past two decades, the engineered biosynthesis of many PNPs has been achieved through the construction of microbial cell factories. Alongside the rapid development of plant physiology, genetics, and plant genetic modification techniques, hosts have now expanded from single-celled microbes to complex plant systems. Plant synthetic biology is an emerging field that combines engineering principles with plant biology. In this review, we introduce recent advances in the biosynthetic pathway elucidation of PNPs and summarize the progress of engineered PNP biosynthesis in plant cells. Furthermore, a future vision of plant synthetic biology is proposed. Although we are still a long way from overcoming all the bottlenecks in plant synthetic biology, the ascent of this field is expected to provide a huge opportunity for future agriculture and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Life Science and Technology College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Nida Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Huifeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
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22
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Su H, Yakovlev IA, van Eerde A, Su J, Clarke JL. Plant-Produced Vaccines: Future Applications in Aquaculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:718775. [PMID: 34456958 PMCID: PMC8397579 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.718775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture has undergone rapid development in the past decades. It provides a large part of high-quality protein food for humans, and thus, a sustainable aquaculture industry is of great importance for the worldwide food supply and economy. Along with the quick expansion of aquaculture, the high fish densities employed in fish farming increase the risks of outbreaks of a variety of aquatic diseases. Such diseases not only cause huge economic losses, but also lead to ecological hazards in terms of pathogen spread to marine ecosystems causing infection of wild fish and polluting the environment. Thus, fish health is essential for the aquaculture industry to be environmentally sustainable and a prerequisite for intensive aquaculture production globally. The wide use of antibiotics and drug residues has caused intensive pollution along with risks for food safety and increasing antimicrobial resistance. Vaccination is the most effective and environmentally friendly approach to battle infectious diseases in aquaculture with minimal ecological impact and is applicable to most species of farmed fish. However, there are only 34 fish vaccines commercially available globally to date, showing the urgent need for further development of fish vaccines to manage fish health and ensure food safety. Plant genetic engineering has been utilized to produce genetically modified crops with desirable characteristics and has also been used for vaccine production, with several advantages including cost-effectiveness, safety when compared with live virus vaccines, and plants being capable of carrying out posttranslational modifications that are similar to naturally occurring systems. So far, plant-derived vaccines, antibodies, and therapeutic proteins have been produced for human and animal health. However, the development of plant-made vaccines for animals, especially fish, is still lagging behind the development of human vaccines. The present review summarizes the development of fish vaccines currently utilized and the suitability of the plant-production platform for fish vaccine and then addresses considerations regarding fish vaccine production in plants. Developing fish vaccines by way of plant biotechnology are significant for the aquaculture industry, fish health management, food safety, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Igor A. Yakovlev
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - André van Eerde
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Liu Clarke
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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23
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Valkov VT, Gargano D, Cardi T, Scotti N. Plastid Transformation in Potato: An Important Source of Nutrition and Industrial Materials. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2317:247-256. [PMID: 34028773 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1472-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, plastid transformation has been a routine technology only in tobacco due to lack of effective selection and regeneration protocols, and, for some species, due to inefficient recombination using heterologous flanking regions in transformation vectors. Nevertheless, the availability of this technology to economically important crops offers new possibilities in plant breeding to manage pathogen resistance or improve nutritional value. Herein we describe an efficient plastid transformation protocol for potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum), achieved by the optimization of the tissue culture procedures and using transformation vectors carrying homologous potato flanking sequences. This protocol allowed to obtain up to one shoot per shot, an efficiency comparable to that usually accomplished in tobacco. Further, the method described in this chapter has been successfully used to regenerate potato transplastomic plants expressing recombinant GFP protein in chloroplasts and amyloplasts or long double-stranded RNAs for insect pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir T Valkov
- CNR-IBBR, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Daniela Gargano
- CNR-IBBR, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Teodoro Cardi
- CNR-IBBR, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, Portici (NA), Italy.,CREA-OF, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Pontecagnano (SA), Italy
| | - Nunzia Scotti
- CNR-IBBR, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, Portici (NA), Italy.
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24
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Stable Plastid Transformation of Petunia for Studies in Basic Research. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34028772 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1472-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Petunia hybrida is a commercial ornamental plant and is also an important model species for genetic analysis and transgenic research. Here we describe the steps required to isolate stable plastid transformants in P. hybrida using the commercial Pink Wave cultivar. Wave cultivars are popular spreading Petunias sold as ground cover and potted plants. Transgenes introduced into P. hybrida plastids exhibit stable expression over many generations. The development of plastid transformation in P. hybrida provides an enabling technology to bring the benefits of plastid engineering, including maternal inheritance and stable expression of performance-enhancing trait genes, to the important floriculture and horticulture industries.
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25
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Plastid Transformation in Tomato: A Vegetable Crop and Model Species. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2317:217-228. [PMID: 34028771 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1472-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), a member of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), is one of the most important vegetable crops and has long been an important model species in plant biology. Plastid biology in tomato is especially interesting due to the chloroplast-to-chromoplast conversion occurring during fruit ripening. Moreover, as tomato represents a major food crop with a fleshy fruit that can be eaten raw, the development of a plastid transformation protocol for tomato was of particular interest to plant biotechnologists. Recent methodological improvements have made tomato plastid transformation more efficient, and facilitated applications in metabolic engineering and molecular farming. This chapter describes the basic methods involved in the generation and analysis of tomato plants with transgenic chloroplast genomes and summarizes recent applications of tomato plastid transformation in plant biotechnology.
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Sørensen M, Møller BL. Metabolic Engineering of Photosynthetic Cells – in Collaboration with Nature. Metab Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527823468.ch21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Stanbekova G, Beisenov D, Nizkorodova A, Iskakov B, Warzecha H. Production of the sheep pox virus structural protein SPPV117 in tobacco chloroplasts. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1475-1485. [PMID: 33797655 PMCID: PMC8017516 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A chloroplast transgenic approach was assessed in order to produce a structural protein SPPV117 of sheep pox virus in Nicotiana tabacum for the future development of a plant-based subunit vaccine against sheep pox. RESULTS Two DNA constructs containing SPPV117 coding sequence under the control of chloroplast promoter and terminator of psbA gene or rrn promoter and rbcL terminator were designed and inserted into the chloroplast genome by a biolistic method. The transgenic plants were selected via PCR analysis. Northern and Western blot analysis showed expression of the transgene at transcriptional and translational levels, respectively. The recombinant protein accumulated to about 0.3% and 0.9% of total soluble protein in leaves when expressed from psbA and rrn promoter, respectively. Plant-produced SPPV117 protein was purified using metal affinity chromatography and the protein yield was 19.67 ± 1.25 µg g-1 (FW). The serum of a sheep infected with the virus recognised the chloroplast-produced protein indicating that the protein retains its antigenic properties. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that chloroplasts are a suitable system for the production of a candidate subunit vaccine against sheep pox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Stanbekova
- Protein and Nucleic Acids Research, M. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Daniyar Beisenov
- Protein and Nucleic Acids Research, M. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Anna Nizkorodova
- Protein and Nucleic Acids Research, M. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Bulat Iskakov
- Protein and Nucleic Acids Research, M. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Heribert Warzecha
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Abstract
Plastids (chloroplasts) are the defining organelles of plants and eukaryotic algae. In addition to performing photosynthesis, plastids harbor numerous other metabolic pathways and therefore are often referred to as the biosynthetic center of the plant cell. The chloroplasts of seed plants possess dozens of copies of a circular genome of ∼150 kb that contains a conserved set of 120 to 130 genes. The engineering of this genome by genetic transformation is technically challenging and currently only possible in a small number of species. In this article, we describe the methods involved in generating stable chloroplast-transformed (transplastomic) plants in the model species Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The protocols presented here can be applied to (1) target genes in the Arabidopsis chloroplast genome by reverse genetics and (2) express reporter genes or other foreign genes of interest in plastids of Arabidopsis plants. © 2021 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1: Generation of root-derived microcallus material for biolistic transformation Basic Protocol 2: Chloroplast transformation by biolistic bombardment of root-derived microcalli Basic Protocol 3: Regeneration of transplastomic lines and seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ruf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Xenia Kroop
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Wu GZ, Bock R. GUN control in retrograde signaling: How GENOMES UNCOUPLED proteins adjust nuclear gene expression to plastid biogenesis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:457-474. [PMID: 33955483 PMCID: PMC8136882 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Communication between cellular compartments is vital for development and environmental adaptation. Signals emanating from organelles, so-called retrograde signals, coordinate nuclear gene expression with the developmental stage and/or the functional status of the organelle. Plastids (best known in their green photosynthesizing differentiated form, the chloroplasts) are the primary energy-producing compartment of plant cells, and the site for the biosynthesis of many metabolites, including fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides, isoprenoids, tetrapyrroles, vitamins, and phytohormone precursors. Signals derived from plastids regulate the accumulation of a large set of nucleus-encoded proteins, many of which localize to plastids. A set of mutants defective in retrograde signaling (genomes uncoupled, or gun) was isolated over 25 years ago. While most GUN genes act in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, resolving the molecular function of GUN1, the proposed integrator of multiple retrograde signals, has turned out to be particularly challenging. Based on its amino acid sequence, GUN1 was initially predicted to be a plastid-localized nucleic acid-binding protein. Only recently, mechanistic information on the function of GUN1 has been obtained, pointing to a role in plastid protein homeostasis. This review article summarizes our current understanding of GUN-related retrograde signaling and provides a critical appraisal of the various proposed roles for GUNs and their respective pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Zhang Wu
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Rascón-Cruz Q, González-Barriga CD, Iglesias-Figueroa BF, Trejo-Muñoz JC, Siqueiros-Cendón T, Sinagawa-García SR, Arévalo-Gallegos S, Espinoza-Sánchez EA. Plastid transformation: Advances and challenges for its implementation in agricultural crops. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Kössler S, Armarego-Marriott T, Tarkowská D, Turečková V, Agrawal S, Mi J, de Souza LP, Schöttler MA, Schadach A, Fröhlich A, Bock R, Al-Babili S, Ruf S, Sampathkumar A, Moreno JC. Lycopene β-cyclase expression influences plant physiology, development, and metabolism in tobacco plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2544-2569. [PMID: 33484250 PMCID: PMC8006556 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important isoprenoids produced in the plastids of photosynthetic organisms that play key roles in photoprotection and antioxidative processes. β-Carotene is generated from lycopene by lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB). Previously, we demonstrated that the introduction of the Daucus carota (carrot) DcLCYB1 gene into tobacco (cv. Xanthi) resulted in increased levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and especially gibberellins (GAs), resulting in increased plant yield. In order to understand this phenomenon prior to exporting this genetic strategy to crops, we generated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Petit Havana) mutants that exhibited a wide range of LCYB expression. Transplastomic plants expressing DcLCYB1 at high levels showed a wild-type-like growth, even though their pigment content was increased and their leaf GA1 content was reduced. RNA interference (RNAi) NtLCYB lines showed different reductions in NtLCYB transcript abundance, correlating with reduced pigment content and plant variegation. Photosynthesis (leaf absorptance, Fv/Fm, and light-saturated capacity of linear electron transport) and plant growth were impaired. Remarkably, drastic changes in phytohormone content also occurred in the RNAi lines. However, external application of phytohormones was not sufficient to rescue these phenotypes, suggesting that altered photosynthetic efficiency might be another important factor explaining their reduced biomass. These results show that LCYB expression influences plant biomass by different mechanisms and suggests thresholds for LCYB expression levels that might be beneficial or detrimental for plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Kössler
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Tegan Armarego-Marriott
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Shreya Agrawal
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jianing Mi
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonardo Perez de Souza
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Anne Schadach
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Anja Fröhlich
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Arun Sampathkumar
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Juan C Moreno
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
The plastid genome (plastome ) has proved a valuable source of data for evaluating evolutionary relationships among angiosperms. Through basic and applied approaches, plastid transformation technology offers the potential to understand and improve plant productivity, providing food, fiber, energy, and medicines to meet the needs of a burgeoning global population. The growing genomic resources available to both phylogenetic and biotechnological investigations is allowing novel insights and expanding the scope of plastome research to encompass new species. In this chapter, we present an overview of some of the seminal and contemporary research that has contributed to our current understanding of plastome evolution and attempt to highlight the relationship between evolutionary mechanisms and the tools of plastid genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Ruhlman
- Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Robert K Jansen
- Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Transmission of Engineered Plastids in Sugarcane, a C 4 Monocotyledonous Plant, Reveals that Sorting of Preprogrammed Progenitor Cells Produce Heteroplasmy. PLANTS 2020; 10:plants10010026. [PMID: 33374390 PMCID: PMC7830296 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report here plastid transformation in sugarcane using biolistic transformation and embryogenesis-based regeneration approaches. Somatic embryos were developed from unfurled leaf sections, containing preprogrammed progenitor cells, to recover transformation events on antibiotic-containing regeneration medium. After developing a proficient regeneration system, the FLARE-S (fluorescent antibiotic resistance enzyme, spectinomycin and streptomycin) expression cassette that carries species-specific homologous sequence tails was used to transform plastids and track gene transmission and expression in sugarcane. Plants regenerated from streptomycin-resistant and genetically confirmed shoots were subjected to visual detection of the fluorescent enzyme using a fluorescent stereomicroscope, after genetic confirmation. The resultant heteroplasmic shoots remained to segregate on streptomycin-containing MS medium, referring to the unique pattern of division and sorting of cells in C4 monocotyledonous compared to C3 monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants since in sugarcane bundle sheath and mesophyll, cells are distinct and sort independently after division. Hence, the transformation of either mesophyll or bundle sheath cells will develop heteroplasmic transgenic plants, suggesting the transformation of both types of cells. Whilst developed transgenic sugarcane plants are heteroplasmic, and selection-based regeneration protocol envisaging the role of division and sorting of cells in the purification of transplastomic demands further improvement, the study has established many parameters that may open up exciting possibilities to express genes of agricultural or pharmaceutical importance in sugarcane.
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Generation, analysis, and transformation of macro-chloroplast Potato (Solanum tuberosum) lines for chloroplast biotechnology. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21144. [PMID: 33273600 PMCID: PMC7713401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast biotechnology is a route for novel crop metabolic engineering. The potential bio-confinement of transgenes, the high protein expression and the possibility to organize genes into operons represent considerable advantages that make chloroplasts valuable targets in agricultural biotechnology. In the last 3 decades, chloroplast genomes from a few economically important crops have been successfully transformed. The main bottlenecks that prevent efficient transformation in a greater number of crops include the dearth of proven selectable marker gene-selection combinations and tissue culture methods for efficient regeneration of transplastomic plants. The prospects of increasing organelle size are attractive from several perspectives, including an increase in the surface area of potential targets. As a proof-of-concept, we generated Solanum tuberosum (potato) macro-chloroplast lines overexpressing the tubulin-like GTPase protein gene FtsZ1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Macro-chloroplast lines exhibited delayed growth at anthesis; however, at the time of harvest there was no significant difference in height between macro-chloroplast and wild-type lines. Macro-chloroplasts were successfully transformed by biolistic DNA-delivery and efficiently regenerated into homoplasmic transplastomic lines. We also demonstrated that macro-chloroplasts accumulate the same amount of heterologous protein than wild-type organelles, confirming efficient usage in plastid engineering. Advantages and limitations of using enlarge compartments in chloroplast biotechnology are discussed.
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Yarra R. Plastome engineering in vegetable crops: current status and future prospects. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8061-8074. [PMID: 32880066 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastome (plastid genome) engineering has grown up and got smarter for the transgene expression. Plastid transformation has profound benefits over nuclear transformation, includes a higher level of transgene expression, integration via homologous recombination, transgene containment, lack of gene silencing, and position effect. Substantial and fruitful progress has been achieved in plastome engineering of vegetable crops through the use of improved regeneration/selection procedures, plastid transformation vectors with efficient promoters, and 3/, 5/regulatory sequences. Plastid transformation technology developed for vegetable crops being used as a platform for the production of industrially important proteins and some of the genes of agronomic importance has been stably integrated and expressed in plastome. Although great progress has been accomplished in the plastid transformation of vegetable crops, still it is restricted to few species because of the unavailability of whole plastome sequencing. In this review, the author focus on the technology, progress, and advancements in plastid transformation of vegetable plants such as lettuce, tomato, potato, cabbage, cauliflower, eggplant, carrot, soybean, and bitter melon are reviewed. The conclusions, future prospects, and expansion of plastid transformation technology to other vegetable crops for genetic improvement and production of edible vaccines are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Yarra
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Plastid Transformation: How Does it Work? Can it Be Applied to Crops? What Can it Offer? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144854. [PMID: 32659946 PMCID: PMC7402345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, plant genetic engineering has advanced agriculture in terms of crop improvement, stress and disease resistance, and pharmaceutical biosynthesis. Cells from land plants and algae contain three organelles that harbor DNA: the nucleus, plastid, and mitochondria. Although the most common approach for many plant species is the introduction of foreign DNA into the nucleus (nuclear transformation) via Agrobacterium- or biolistics-mediated delivery of transgenes, plastid transformation offers an alternative means for plant transformation. Since there are many copies of the chloroplast genome in each cell, higher levels of protein accumulation can often be achieved from transgenes inserted in the chloroplast genome compared to the nuclear genome. Chloroplasts are therefore becoming attractive hosts for the introduction of new agronomic traits, as well as for the biosynthesis of high-value pharmaceuticals, biomaterials and industrial enzymes. This review provides a comprehensive historical and biological perspective on plastid transformation, with a focus on current and emerging approaches such as the use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as DNA delivery vehicles, overexpressing morphogenic regulators to enhance regeneration ability, applying genome editing techniques to accelerate double-stranded break formation, and reconsidering protoplasts as a viable material for plastid genome engineering, even in transformation-recalcitrant species.
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Okuzaki A, Tsuda M, Konagaya KI, Tabei Y. A novel strategy for promoting homoplasmic plastid transformant production using the barnase-barstar system. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2020; 37:223-232. [PMID: 32821230 PMCID: PMC7434676 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.0503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastid transformants form biofactories that are able to produce extra proteins in plastids when they are in a homoplasmic state. To date, plastid transformation has been reported in about twenty plant species; however, the production of homoplasmic plastid transformants is not always successful or easy. Heteroplasmic plants that contain wild-type plastids produce fewer target proteins and do not always successfully transfer transgenes to progeny. In order to promote the generation of homoplasmic plants, we developed a novel system using barnase-barster to eliminate wild-type plastids from heteroplasmic cells systematically. In this system, a chemically inducible cytotoxic barnase under a plastid transit signal was introduced into nuclear DNA and barster, which inhibits barnase, was integrated into plastid DNA with the primary selection markers aminoglycoside 3'-adenylyltransferase (aadA) and green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene. As expected, the expression of the plastid barnase was lethal to cells as seen in leaf segments, but barster expression in plastids rescued them. We then investigated the regeneration frequency of homoplasmic shoots from heteroplasmic leaf segments with or without barnase expression. The regeneration frequency of homoplasmic-like shoots expressing barnase-barster system was higher than that of shoots not expressing this. We expect that the application of this novel strategy for transformation of plastids will be supportive to generate homoplasmic plastid transformants in other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Okuzaki
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NIAS), 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Mai Tsuda
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NIAS), 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Konagaya
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NIAS), 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tabei
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NIAS), 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
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Betterle N, Hidalgo Martinez D, Melis A. Cyanobacterial Production of Biopharmaceutical and Biotherapeutic Proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:237. [PMID: 32194609 PMCID: PMC7062967 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to express human therapeutic proteins in photosynthetic organisms have been described in the literature. Regarding microalgae, most of the research entailed a heterologous transformation of the chloroplast, but transformant cells failed to accumulate the desired recombinant proteins in high quantity. The present work provides methods and DNA construct formulations for over-expressing in photosynthetic cyanobacteria, at the protein level, human-origin bio-pharmaceutical and bio-therapeutic proteins. Proof-of-concept evidence is provided for the design and reduction to practice of "fusion constructs as protein overexpression vectors" for the generation of the bio-therapeutic protein interferon alpha-2 (IFN). IFN is a member of the Type I interferon cytokine family, well-known for its antiviral and anti-proliferative functions. Fusion construct formulations enabled accumulation of IFN up to 12% of total cellular protein in soluble form. In addition, the work reports on the isolation and purification of the fusion IFN protein and preliminary verification of its antiviral activity. Combining the expression and purification protocols developed here, it is possible to produce fairly large quantities of interferon in these photosynthetic microorganisms, generated from sunlight, CO2, and H2O.
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Wang Z, Xu B, Li B, Zhou Q, Wang G, Jiang X, Wang C, Xu Z. Comparative analysis of codon usage patterns in chloroplast genomes of six Euphorbiaceae species. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8251. [PMID: 31934501 PMCID: PMC6951282 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Euphorbiaceae plants are important as suppliers of biodiesel. In the current study, the codon usage patterns and sources of variance in chloroplast genome sequences of six different Euphorbiaceae plant species have been systematically analyzed. Our results revealed that the chloroplast genomes of six Euphorbiaceae plant species were biased towards A/T bases and A/T-ending codons, followed by detection of 17 identical high-frequency codons including GCT, TGT, GAT, GAA, TTT, GGA, CAT, AAA, TTA, AAT, CCT, CAA, AGA, TCT, ACT, TAT and TAA. It was found that mutation pressure was a minor factor affecting the variation of codon usage, however, natural selection played a significant role. Comparative analysis of codon usage frequencies of six Euphorbiaceae plant species with four model organisms reflected that Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus trichocarpa, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae should be considered as suitable exogenous expression receptor systems for chloroplast genes of six Euphorbiaceae plant species. Furthermore, it is optimal to choose Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the exogenous expression receptor. The outcome of the present study might provide important reference information for further understanding the codon usage patterns of chloroplast genomes in other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Beibei Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guiyi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xingzhou Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongdong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Clark M, Maselko M. Transgene Biocontainment Strategies for Molecular Farming. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:210. [PMID: 32194598 PMCID: PMC7063990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Advances in plant synthetic biology promise to introduce novel agricultural products in the near future. 'Molecular farms' will include crops engineered to produce medications, vaccines, biofuels, industrial enzymes, and other high value compounds. These crops have the potential to reduce costs while dramatically increasing scales of synthesis and provide new economic opportunities to farmers. Current transgenic crops may be considered safe given their long-standing use, however, some applications of molecular farming may pose risks to human health and the environment. Unwanted gene flow from engineered crops could potentially contaminate the food supply, and affect wildlife. There is also potential for unwanted gene flow into engineered crops which may alter their ability to produce compounds of interest. Here, we briefly discuss the applications of molecular farming and explore the various genetic and physical methods that can be used for transgene biocontainment. As yet, no technology can be applied to all crop species, such that a combination of approaches may be necessary. Effective biocontainment is needed to enable large scale molecular farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Clark
- Applied Biosciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Maciej Maselko
- Applied Biosciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Maciej Maselko,
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Thagun C, Chuah J, Numata K. Targeted Gene Delivery into Various Plastids Mediated by Clustered Cell-Penetrating and Chloroplast-Targeting Peptides. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1902064. [PMID: 31832328 PMCID: PMC6891901 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The plastid is an organelle that functions as a cell factory to supply food and oxygen to the plant cell and is therefore a potential target for genetic engineering to acquire plants with novel photosynthetic traits or the ability to produce valuable biomolecules. Conventional plastid genome engineering technologies are laborious for the preparation of plant material, require expensive experimental instruments, and are time consuming for obtaining a transplastomic plant line that produces significant levels of the biomolecule of interest. Herein, a transient plastid transformation technique is presented using a peptide-based gene carrier. By formulating peptide/plasmid DNA complexes that combine the functions of both a cell-penetrating peptide and a chloroplast-targeting peptide, DNA molecules are translocated across the plant cell membrane and delivered to the plastid efficiently via vesicle formation and intracellular vesicle trafficking. A simple infiltration method enables the introduction of a complex solution into intact plants, and plastid-localized transgene expression is expeditiously observed in various types of plastids in differentiated cell types of several plants. The gene delivery technology thus provides a useful tool to rapidly engineer plastids in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonprakun Thagun
- Biomacromolecules Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science2‐1 Hirosawa, Wako‐shiSaitama351‐0198Japan
| | - Jo‐Ann Chuah
- Biomacromolecules Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science2‐1 Hirosawa, Wako‐shiSaitama351‐0198Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science2‐1 Hirosawa, Wako‐shiSaitama351‐0198Japan
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Zhang Y, Lu C. The Enigmatic Roles of PPR-SMR Proteins in Plants. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900361. [PMID: 31380188 PMCID: PMC6662315 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein family, with more than 400 members, is one of the largest and most diverse protein families in land plants. A small subset of PPR proteins contain a C-terminal small MutS-related (SMR) domain. Although there are relatively few PPR-SMR proteins, they play essential roles in embryo development, chloroplast biogenesis and gene expression, and plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling. Here, recent advances in understanding the roles of PPR-SMR proteins and the SMR domain based on a combination of genetic, biochemical, and physiological analyses are described. In addition, the potential of the PPR-SMR protein SOT1 to serve as a tool for RNA manipulation is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong271018P. R. China
| | - Congming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong271018P. R. China
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43
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van Eerde A, Gottschamel J, Bock R, Hansen KEA, Munang'andu HM, Daniell H, Liu Clarke J. Production of tetravalent dengue virus envelope protein domain III based antigens in lettuce chloroplasts and immunologic analysis for future oral vaccine development. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1408-1417. [PMID: 30578710 PMCID: PMC6576073 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is a mosquito (Aedes aegypti) -transmitted viral disease that is endemic in more than 125 countries around the world. There are four serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV 1-4) and a safe and effective dengue vaccine must provide protection against all four serotypes. To date, the first vaccine, Dengvaxia (CYD-TDV), is available after many decades' efforts, but only has moderate efficacy. More effective and affordable vaccines are hence required. Plants offer promising vaccine production platforms and food crops offer additional advantages for the production of edible human and animal vaccines, thus eliminating the need for expensive fermentation, purification, cold storage and sterile delivery. Oral vaccines can elicit humoural and cellular immunity via both the mucosal and humoral immune systems. Here, we report the production of tetravalent EDIII antigen (EDIII-1-4) in stably transformed lettuce chloroplasts. Transplastomic EDIII-1-4-expressing lettuce lines were obtained and homoplasmy was verified by Southern blot analysis. Expression of EDIII-1-4 antigens was demonstrated by immunoblotting, with the EDIII-1-4 antigen accumulating to 3.45% of the total protein content. Immunological assays in rabbits showed immunogenicity of EDIII-1-4. Our in vitro gastrointestinal digestion analysis revealed that EDIII-1-4 antigens are well protected when passing through the oral and gastric digestion phases but underwent degradation during the intestinal phase. Our results demonstrate that lettuce chloroplast engineering is a promising approach for future production of an affordable oral dengue vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- André van Eerde
- NIBIO – Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchDivision of Biotechnology and Plant HealthÅsNorway
| | - Johanna Gottschamel
- NIBIO – Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchDivision of Biotechnology and Plant HealthÅsNorway
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | | | | | - Henry Daniell
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Jihong Liu Clarke
- NIBIO – Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchDivision of Biotechnology and Plant HealthÅsNorway
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Kota S, Lakkam R, Kasula K, Narra M, Qiang H, Rao Allini V, Zanmin H, Abbagani S. Construction of a species-specific vector for improved plastid transformation efficiency in Capsicum annuum L. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:226. [PMID: 31139541 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we focused on designing a species-specific chloroplast vector for Capsicum annuum L. and finding out its transformation efficiency compared to a heterologous vector. The plastid transformation vector (CaIA) was designed to target homologous regions trnA and trnI of IR region. A selectable marker gene aadA, whose expression is controlled by psbA promoter and terminator, was cloned between two flanking regions. A heterologous vector pRB95, which targets trnfM and trnG of LSC region along with aadA driven by rrn promoter and psbA terminator, was also used for developing plastid transformation in Capsicum. Cotyledonary explants were bombarded with stabilized biolistic parameters: 900 psi pressure and 9 cm flight distance, and optimized regeneration protocol (0.7 mg/L TDZ + 0.2 mg/L IAA) was used to obtain transplastomic lines on selection medium (300 mg/L spectinomycin). The aadA integration and homoplasmy were confirmed by obtaining 1.2 and 3.7 kb amplicons in CaIA transformants and subsequently verified by Southern blotting, whereas in pRB95 transformants, integration was confirmed by PCR with 1.45 kb and 255 bp amplicons corresponding to aadA integration and flanks, respectively. The transformation efficiencies attained with two plastid vectors were found to be 20%, i.e., 10 transplastomic lines in 50 bombarded plates, with CaIA and 2%, i.e., 1 transplastomic line in 50 bombarded plates, with heterologous pRB95, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Kota
- 1Plant Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana 506009 India
- 2Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Raghuvardhan Lakkam
- 1Plant Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana 506009 India
| | - Kirnamayee Kasula
- 1Plant Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana 506009 India
- 3Department of Biotechnology, Telangana University, Nizamabad, Telangana 503322 India
| | - Muralikrishna Narra
- 1Plant Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana 506009 India
| | - Hao Qiang
- 2Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Beijing, China
| | - V Rao Allini
- 1Plant Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana 506009 India
| | - Hu Zanmin
- 2Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Sadanandam Abbagani
- 1Plant Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana 506009 India
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RAZMI SHAHLA, JALALI JAVARAN MOKHTAR, BAGHERI ABDOLREZA, HONARI HOSSEIN, SOLEIMANI ZADEH MOJGAN. Expression of human interferon gamma in tobacco chloroplasts. ROMANIAN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL LETTERS 2019. [DOI: 10.25083/rbl/24.2/208.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Burke WG, Kaplanoglu E, Kolotilin I, Menassa R, Donly C. RNA Interference in the Tobacco Hornworm, Manduca sexta, Using Plastid-Encoded Long Double-Stranded RNA. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:313. [PMID: 30923533 PMCID: PMC6426776 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising method for controlling pest insects by silencing the expression of vital insect genes to interfere with development and physiology; however, certain insect Orders are resistant to this process. In this study, we set out to test the ability of in planta-expressed dsRNA synthesized within the plastids to silence gene expression in an insect recalcitrant to RNAi, the lepidopteran species, Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm). Using the Manduca vacuolar-type H+ ATPase subunit A (v-ATPaseA) gene as the target, we first evaluated RNAi efficiency of two dsRNA products of different lengths by directly feeding the in vitro-synthesized dsRNAs to M. sexta larvae. We found that a long dsRNA of 2222 bp was the most effective in inducing lethality and silencing the v-ATPaseA gene, when delivered orally in a water droplet. We further transformed the plastid genome of the M. sexta host plant, Nicotiana tabacum, to produce this long dsRNA in its plastids and performed bioassays with M. sexta larvae on the transplastomic plants. In the tested insects, the plastid-derived dsRNA had no effect on larval survival and no statistically significant effect on expression of the v-ATPaseA gene was observed. Comparison of the absolute quantities of the dsRNA present in transplastomic leaf tissue for v-ATPaseA and a control gene, GFP, of a shorter size, revealed a lower concentration for the long dsRNA product compared to the short control product. We suggest that stability and length of the dsRNA may have influenced the quantities produced in the plastids, resulting in inefficient RNAi in the tested insects. Our results imply that many factors dictate the effectiveness of in planta RNAi, including a likely trade-off effect as increasing the dsRNA product length may be countered by a reduction in the amount of dsRNA produced and accumulated in the plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. Burke
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Emine Kaplanoglu
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Rima Menassa
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cam Donly
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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47
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Ruf S, Forner J, Hasse C, Kroop X, Seeger S, Schollbach L, Schadach A, Bock R. High-efficiency generation of fertile transplastomic Arabidopsis plants. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:282-289. [PMID: 30778165 PMCID: PMC6420123 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of technologies for the stable genetic transformation of plastid (chloroplast) genomes has been a boon to both basic and applied research. However, extension of the transplastomic technology to major crops and model plants has proven extremely challenging, and the species range of plastid transformation is still very much limited in that most species currently remain recalcitrant to plastid genome engineering. Here, we report an efficient plastid transformation technology for the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana that relies on root-derived microcalli as a source tissue for biolistic transformation. The method produces fertile transplastomic plants at high frequency when combined with a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-generated knockout allele of a nuclear locus that enhances sensitivity to the selection agent used for isolation of transplastomic events. Our work makes the model organism of plant biology amenable to routine engineering of the plastid genome, facilitates the combination of plastid engineering with the power of Arabidopsis nuclear genetics, and informs the future development of plastid transformation protocols for other recalcitrant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ruf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Forner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claudia Hasse
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Xenia Kroop
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefanie Seeger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Laura Schollbach
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anne Schadach
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany.
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48
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Yevtushenko DP, Misra S. Spatiotemporal activities of Douglas-fir BiP Pro1 promoter in transgenic potato. PLANTA 2018; 248:1569-1579. [PMID: 30276470 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The PmBiPPro1 promoter of the luminal binding protein (BiP) from Douglas-fir is fully functional in transgenic potato, responsive to wounding, and has high transcriptional activity in tubers. A predefined pattern and level of transgene expression targeted to specific tissues or organs and at a particular developmental stage is a pre-requisite for the successful development of plants with desired traits. Here, we evaluated the transcriptional activity of the PmBiPPro1 promoter of the luminal binding protein (BiP) from Douglas-fir, by expressing reporter β-D-glucuronidase (GUS) gene constructs containing three different PmBiPPro1 promoter versions (2258 bp, 1259 bp, and 278 bp) in transgenic potato. In conifers, this promoter regulates the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) molecular chaperon of the HSP70 stress-related protein family and is essential for proper functioning of the ER. Stable expression analysis demonstrated that two of three PmBiPPro1 promoter versions (PmBiPPro1-1 and PmBiPPro1-3) were fully functional in the heterologous host, exhibited high transcriptional activities in the leaves of unstressed potatoes, and were responsive to wounding. Deletion analysis showed that the positive cis-active regulatory elements necessary for higher level expression resided within the - 1243 to - 261 region, whereas negative cis-active elements encompassed nucleotides - 2242 to - 1243. Histochemical staining revealed high level of GUS activities in tissues associated with a high rate of cell division and secretory activities. Most importantly, the PmBiPPro1 promoters, especially the full-length version, had activity in microtubers at a level that was much higher than in any other potato organ or tissue. The - 2242 to - 1243 bp region likely contains important cis element(s) that interact with tuber-specific transcription factors required for promoter activation in the storage organs. The organ-specific activity of the PmBiPPro1 promoters may be useful for targeted expression of heterologous molecules in potato tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro P Yevtushenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Santosh Misra
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P6, Canada
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Narra M, Kota S, Ellendula R, Kasula K, Kalva BK, Sadanandam A. Efficient chloroplast transformation in Scoparia dulcis L. using pFaadAII vector. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40502-018-0392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Yoshizumi T, Oikawa K, Chuah JA, Kodama Y, Numata K. Selective Gene Delivery for Integrating Exogenous DNA into Plastid and Mitochondrial Genomes Using Peptide-DNA Complexes. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1582-1591. [PMID: 29601191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Selective gene delivery into organellar genomes (mitochondrial and plastid genomes) has been limited because of a lack of appropriate platform technology, even though these organelles are essential for metabolite and energy production. Techniques for selective organellar modification are needed to functionally improve organelles and produce transplastomic/transmitochondrial plants. However, no method for mitochondrial genome modification has yet been established for multicellular organisms including plants. Likewise, modification of plastid genomes has been limited to a few plant species and algae. In the present study, we developed ionic complexes of fusion peptides containing organellar targeting signal and plasmid DNA for selective delivery of exogenous DNA into the plastid and mitochondrial genomes of intact plants. This is the first report of exogenous DNA being integrated into the mitochondrial genomes of not only plants, but also multicellular organisms in general. This fusion peptide-mediated gene delivery system is a breakthrough platform for both plant organellar biotechnology and gene therapy for mitochondrial diseases in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoshizumi
- Biomacromolecules Research Team , RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako-shi , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Kazusato Oikawa
- Biomacromolecules Research Team , RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako-shi , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Jo-Ann Chuah
- Biomacromolecules Research Team , RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako-shi , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Yutaka Kodama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education , Utsunomiya University , 350 mine-machi , Utsunomiya , Tochigi 321-8505 , Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research Team , RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako-shi , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
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