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Sato H, Kohyama K, Uchibori T, Takanari K, Huard J, Badylak SF, D'Amore A, Wagner WR. Creating and Transferring an Innervated, Vascularized Muscle Flap Made from an Elastic, Cellularized Tissue Construct Developed In Situ. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301335. [PMID: 37499214 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Reanimating facial structures following paralysis and muscle loss is a surgical objective that would benefit from improved options for harvesting appropriately sized muscle flaps. The objective of this study is to apply electrohydrodynamic processing to generate a cellularized, elastic, biocomposite scaffold that could develop and mature as muscle in a prepared donor site in vivo, and then be transferred as a thin muscle flap with a vascular and neural pedicle. First, an effective extracellular matrix (ECM) gel type is selected for the biocomposite scaffold from three types of ECM combined with poly(ester urethane)urea microfibers and evaluated in rat abdominal wall defects. Next, two types of precursor cells (muscle-derived and adipose-derived) are compared in constructs placed in rat hind limb defects for muscle regeneration capacity. Finally, with a construct made from dermal ECM and muscle-derived stem cells, protoflaps are implanted in one hindlimb for development and then microsurgically transferred as a free flap to the contralateral limb where stimulated muscle function is confirmed. This construct generation and in vivo incubation procedure may allow the generation of small-scale muscle flaps appropriate for transfer to the face, offering a new strategy for facial reanimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyoshi Sato
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Keishi Kohyama
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Takafumi Uchibori
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Keisuke Takanari
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Dr., Vail, CO, 81657, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Benedum Hall of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Antonio D'Amore
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Benedum Hall of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - William R Wagner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Benedum Hall of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Benedum Hall of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
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Bone morphogenetic protein 4 rescues the bone regenerative potential of old muscle-derived stem cells via regulation of cell cycle inhibitors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:385. [PMID: 35907860 PMCID: PMC9338549 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) promotes the osteogenic differentiation and the bone regenerative potential of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs). BMP4 also promotes the self-renewal of both embryonic and somatic stem cells; however, BMP4 signaling activity significantly decreases with age. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors P16INK4A (P16) and P18INK4C (P18) induce early G1-phase cell cycle blockade by targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6. It is still unclear if BMP4 affects the bone regenerative potential of old MDSCs through regulation of P16 and P18 expression. METHODS Young and old MDSCs were isolated from 3 week (young) and 2-year-old (old) mice. In vitro cell proliferation and multipotent differentiation were performed for young and old MDSCs both before and after BMP4/GFP transduction. Cell cycle genes were analyzed using Q-PCR. The bone regenerative potential of young and old MDSCs transduced with BMP4/GFP were compared using Micro-CT and histological analysis. The bone regenerative potential of young and old MDSCs was also compared between single and double transduction (higher BMP4 levels expression). The cell proliferation, mitochondrial function and osteogenic differentiation was also compared in vitro between cells that have been transduced with BMP4GFP (single and double transduction). The correlation of bone regeneration capacity of young and old MDSCs with P16 and P18 expression was further evaluated at 10 days after cell transplantation using histology and western blot analysis. RESULTS Old murine MDSCs (MDSCs) exhibit reduced proliferation and multi-lineage differentiation potential with or without BMP4 stimulation, when compared to young murine MDSCs. Old MDSCs express significantly higher P16 and lower P18, with more cells in the G0/1 phase and fewer cells in the G2/M phase, compared to young MDSCs. Old MDSCs retrovirally transduced to express BMP4 regenerated less bone in a critical size skull defect in CD-1 nude mice when compared to young retrovirally transduced MDSCs expressing similar BMP4 levels and contribute less to the new regenerated new bone. Importantly, both young and old MDSCs can regenerate more bone when BMP4 expression levels are increased by double-transduction with the retroviral-BMP4/GFP. However, the bone regeneration enhancement with elevated BMP4 was more profound in old MDSCs (400% at 2 weeks) compared to young MDSCs (200%). Accordingly, P18 is upregulated while P16 is downregulated after BMP4 transduction. Double transduction did not further increase cell proliferation nor mitochondrial function but did significantly increase Osx expression in both young and old MDSCs. Old MDSCs had even significant higher Osx levels as compared to young MDSCs following double transduction, while a similar Alp expression was observed between young and old MDSCs after double transduction. In addition, at 10 days after cell transplantation, old MDSCs having undergone double transduction regenerated bone more rapidly as showed by Alcian blue and Von Kossa staining. Western blot assays demonstrated that old MDSCs after retro-BMP4/GFP double transduction have significantly lower P18 expression levels when compared to young BMP4-transduced MDSCs. In addition, P18 expression was slightly increased in old MDSCs after double transduction when compared to single transduction. P16 expression was not detectable for both young and two old BMP4/GFP transduced MDSCs groups. CONCLUSIONS In summary, BMP4 can offset the adverse effect of aging on the osteogenic differentiation and the bone regenerative potential of old MDSCs via up-regulation of P18 and down-regulation P16 expression.
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Lu A, Guo P, Pan H, Tseng C, Sinha KM, Yang F, Scibetta A, Cui Y, Huard M, Zhong L, Ravuri S, Huard J. Enhancement of myogenic potential of muscle progenitor cells and muscle healing during pregnancy. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21378. [PMID: 33565161 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001914r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The decline of muscle regenerative potential with age has been attributed to a diminished responsiveness of muscle progenitor cells (MPCs). Heterochronic parabiosis has been used as a model to study the effects of aging on stem cells and their niches. These studies have demonstrated that, by exposing old mice to a young systemic environment, aged progenitor cells can be rejuvenated. One interesting idea is that pregnancy represents a unique biological model of a naturally shared circulatory system between developing and mature organisms. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the muscle regeneration potential of pregnant mice using a cardiotoxin (CTX) injury mouse model. Our results indicate that the pregnant mice demonstrate accelerated muscle healing compared to nonpregnant control mice following muscle injury based on improved muscle histology, superior muscle regeneration, and a reduction in inflammation and necrosis. Additionally, we found that MPCs isolated from pregnant mice display a significant improvement of myogenic differentiation capacity in vitro and muscle regeneration in vivo when compared to the MPCs from nonpregnant mice. Furthermore, MPCs from nonpregnant mice display enhanced myogenic capacity when cultured in the presence of serum obtained from pregnant mice. Our proteomics data from these studies provides potential therapeutic targets to enhance the myogenic potential of progenitor cells and muscle repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Lu
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
| | - Ping Guo
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
| | - Haiying Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chieh Tseng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Krishna M Sinha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Alex Scibetta
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ling Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Alarcin E, Bal-Öztürk A, Avci H, Ghorbanpoor H, Dogan Guzel F, Akpek A, Yesiltas G, Canak-Ipek T, Avci-Adali M. Current Strategies for the Regeneration of Skeletal Muscle Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5929. [PMID: 34072959 PMCID: PMC8198586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injuries, tumor resections, and degenerative diseases can damage skeletal muscle and lead to functional impairment and severe disability. Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process that depends on various cell types, signaling molecules, architectural cues, and physicochemical properties to be successful. To promote muscle repair and regeneration, various strategies for skeletal muscle tissue engineering have been developed in the last decades. However, there is still a high demand for the development of new methods and materials that promote skeletal muscle repair and functional regeneration to bring approaches closer to therapies in the clinic that structurally and functionally repair muscle. The combination of stem cells, biomaterials, and biomolecules is used to induce skeletal muscle regeneration. In this review, we provide an overview of different cell types used to treat skeletal muscle injury, highlight current strategies in biomaterial-based approaches, the importance of topography for the successful creation of functional striated muscle fibers, and discuss novel methods for muscle regeneration and challenges for their future clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Alarcin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ayca Bal-Öztürk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey;
- Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Health Sciences, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Avci
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey;
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Research Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey
- AvciBio Research Group, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey;
- Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Hamed Ghorbanpoor
- AvciBio Research Group, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, 06010 Ankara, Turkey;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Dogan Guzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, 06010 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Ali Akpek
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey; (A.A.); (G.Y.)
| | - Gözde Yesiltas
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey; (A.A.); (G.Y.)
| | - Tuba Canak-Ipek
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
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Contreras-Muñoz P, Torrella JR, Venegas V, Serres X, Vidal L, Vila I, Lahtinen I, Viscor G, Martínez-Ibáñez V, Peiró JL, Järvinen TAH, Rodas G, Marotta M. Muscle Precursor Cells Enhance Functional Muscle Recovery and Show Synergistic Effects With Postinjury Treadmill Exercise in a Muscle Injury Model in Rats. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:1073-1085. [PMID: 33719605 DOI: 10.1177/0363546521989235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle injuries represent a major concern in sports medicine. Cell therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for muscle injuries, although the preclinical data are still inconclusive and the potential clinical use of cell therapy has not yet been established. PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of muscle precursor cells (MPCs) on muscle healing in a small animal model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 27 rats were used in the study. MPCs were isolated from rat (n = 3) medial gastrocnemius muscles and expanded in primary culture. Skeletal muscle injury was induced in 24 rats, and the animals were assigned to 3 groups. At 36 hours after injury, animals received treatment based on a single ultrasound-guided MPC (105 cells) injection (Cells group) or MPC injection in combination with 2 weeks of daily exercise training (Cells+Exercise group). Animals receiving intramuscular vehicle injection were used as controls (Vehicle group). Muscle force was determined 2 weeks after muscle injury, and muscles were collected for histological and immunofluorescence evaluation. RESULTS Red fluorescence-labeled MPCs were successfully transplanted in the site of the injury by ultrasound-guided injection and were localized in the injured area after 2 weeks. Transplanted MPCs participated in the formation of regenerating muscle fibers as corroborated by the co-localization of red fluorescence with developmental myosin heavy chain (dMHC)-positive myofibers by immunofluorescence analysis. A strong beneficial effect on muscle force recovery was detected in the Cells and Cells+Exercise groups (102.6% ± 4.0% and 101.5% ± 8.5% of maximum tetanus force of the injured vs healthy contralateral muscle, respectively) compared with the Vehicle group (78.2% ± 5.1%). Both Cells and Cells+Exercise treatments stimulated the growth of newly formed regenerating muscles fibers, as determined by the increase in myofiber cross-sectional area (612.3 ± 21.4 µm2 and 686.0 ± 11.6 µm2, respectively) compared with the Vehicle group (247.5 ± 10.7 µm2), which was accompanied by a significant reduction of intramuscular fibrosis in Cells and Cells+Exercise treated animals (24.2% ± 1.3% and 26.0% ± 1.9% of collagen type I deposition, respectively) with respect to control animals (40.9% ± 4.1% in the Vehicle group). MPC treatment induced a robust acceleration of the muscle healing process as demonstrated by the decreased number of dMHC-positive regenerating myofibers (enhanced replacement of developmental myosin isoform by mature myosin isoforms) (4.3% ± 2.6% and 4.1% ± 1.5% in the Cells and Cells+Exercise groups, respectively) compared with the Vehicle group (14.8% ± 13.9%). CONCLUSION Single intramuscular administration of MPCs improved histological outcome and force recovery of the injured skeletal muscle in a rat injury model that imitates sports-related muscle injuries. Cell therapy showed a synergistic effect when combined with an early active rehabilitation protocol in rats, which suggests that a combination of treatments can generate novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of human skeletal muscle injuries. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our study demonstrates the strong beneficial effect of MPC transplant and the synergistic effect when the cell therapy is combined with an early active rehabilitation protocol for muscle recovery in rats; this finding opens new avenues for the development of effective therapeutic strategies for muscle healing and clinical trials in athletes undergoing MPC transplant and rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Contreras-Muñoz
- Investigation performed at Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Ramón Torrella
- Investigation performed at Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Venegas
- Investigation performed at Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Serres
- Investigation performed at Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Vidal
- Investigation performed at Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ingrid Vila
- Investigation performed at Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ilmari Lahtinen
- Investigation performed at Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Investigation performed at Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Ibáñez
- Investigation performed at Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Peiró
- Investigation performed at Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tero A H Järvinen
- Investigation performed at Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gil Rodas
- Investigation performed at Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Marotta
- Investigation performed at Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Bami M, Sarlikiotis T, Milonaki M, Vikentiou M, Konsta E, Kapsimali V, Pappa V, Koulalis D, Johnson EO, Soucacos PN. Superiority of synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells in chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, myogenesis and tenogenesis in a rabbit model. Injury 2020; 51:2855-2865. [PMID: 32201117 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Engineering complex tissues is perhaps the most ambitious goal of all tissue engineers. Despite significant advances in tissue engineering, which have resulted in successful engineering of simple tissues such as skin and cartilage, there are a number of challenges that remain in engineering of complex, hybrid tissue structures, such as osteochondral tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to highly proliferate in an undifferentiated state and the potential to differentiate into a variety of different lineages, providing a promising single cell source to produce multiple cell types. MSC obtained from adult human contribute to the regeneration of mesenchymal tissues such as bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, tendon and marrow stroma. In the present study, the regeneration capacity of multipotent MSCs derived from different tissues in the rabbit were compared. Specifically the aim of this study was to isolate and characterize rabbit adult stem cell populations from bone marrow, adipose, synovial membrane, rotator cuff, ligament and tendon and assess their cell morphology, growth rate, cell surface markers and differentiation capacity. MSCs derived from synovial membrane showed superiority in terms of chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, myogenesis and tenogenesis, suggesting that synovial membrane-derived MSCs would be a good candidate for efforts to regenerate musculoskeletal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Bami
- Panayotis N. Soucacos", Orthopaedic Research & Education Center (OREC), 1 Rimini Street, Attikon University Hospital, Haidari 124 62 Athens, Greece.
| | - Thomas Sarlikiotis
- Panayotis N. Soucacos", Orthopaedic Research & Education Center (OREC), 1 Rimini Street, Attikon University Hospital, Haidari 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Mandy Milonaki
- Panayotis N. Soucacos", Orthopaedic Research & Education Center (OREC), 1 Rimini Street, Attikon University Hospital, Haidari 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Myrofora Vikentiou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Attikon University General Hospital, 1Rimini Str, Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Evgenia Konsta
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Attikon University General Hospital, 1Rimini Str, Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Violetta Kapsimali
- Microbiology Laboratory, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Attikon University General Hospital, 1Rimini Str, Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Koulalis
- Panayotis N. Soucacos", Orthopaedic Research & Education Center (OREC), 1 Rimini Street, Attikon University Hospital, Haidari 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panayotis N Soucacos
- Panayotis N. Soucacos", Orthopaedic Research & Education Center (OREC), 1 Rimini Street, Attikon University Hospital, Haidari 124 62 Athens, Greece
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Tey SR, Robertson S, Lynch E, Suzuki M. Coding Cell Identity of Human Skeletal Muscle Progenitor Cells Using Cell Surface Markers: Current Status and Remaining Challenges for Characterization and Isolation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:284. [PMID: 31828070 PMCID: PMC6890603 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle progenitor cells (SMPCs), also called myogenic progenitors, have been studied extensively in recent years because of their promising therapeutic potential to preserve and recover skeletal muscle mass and function in patients with cachexia, sarcopenia, and neuromuscular diseases. SMPCs can be utilized to investigate the mechanisms of natural and pathological myogenesis via in vitro modeling and in vivo experimentation. While various types of SMPCs are currently available from several sources, human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer an efficient and cost-effective method to derive SMPCs. As human PSC-derived cells often display varying heterogeneity in cell types, cell enrichment using cell surface markers remains a critical step in current procedures to establish a pure population of SMPCs. Here we summarize the cell surface markers currently being used to detect human SMPCs, describing their potential application for characterizing, identifying and isolating human PSC-derived SMPCs. To date, several positive and negative markers have been used to enrich human SMPCs from differentiated PSCs by cell sorting. A careful analysis of current findings can broaden our understanding and reveal potential uses for these surface markers with SMPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Ruow Tey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Samantha Robertson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Eileen Lynch
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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8
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Liu Q, Zhu Y, Qi J, Amadio PC, Moran SL, Gingery A, Zhao C. Isolation and characterization of turkey bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1419-1428. [PMID: 30548886 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Flexor tendon injury is often associated with suboptimal outcomes and results in substantial digit dysfunction. Stem cells have been isolated from several experimental animals for the growing interest and needs of utilizing cell-based therapies. Recently, turkey has been developed as a new large animal model for flexor tendon research. In the present study, we reported the isolation and characterization of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from 8- to 12-month-old heritage-breed turkeys. The isolated cells demonstrated fibroblast-like morphology, clonogenic capacity, and high proliferation rate. These cells were positive for surface antigens CD90, CD105, and CD44, but were negative for CD45. The multipotency of turkey BMSCs was determined by differentiating cells into osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and tenogenic lineages. There was upregulated gene expression of tenogenic markers, including mohawk, tenomodulin, and EGR1 as well as increased collagen synthesis in BMP12 induced cells. The successful isolation and verification of bone marrow-derived MSCs from turkey would provide opportunities of studying cell-based therapies and developing new treatments for tendon injuries using this novel preclinical large animal model. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1419-1428, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yaxi Zhu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Peter C Amadio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Steven L Moran
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anne Gingery
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Chunfeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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9
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Huard J. Stem cells, blood vessels, and angiogenesis as major determinants for musculoskeletal tissue repair. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1212-1220. [PMID: 29786150 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript summarizes 20 years of research from my laboratories at the University of Pittsburgh and more recently, at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and the Steadman Philippon Research Institute in Vail, Colorado. The discovery of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) did not arise from a deliberate search to find a novel population of muscle cells with high regenerative potential, but instead was conceived in response to setbacks encountered while working in muscle cell transplantation for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). DMD is a devastating inherited X-linked muscle disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness due to lack of dystrophin expression in muscle fiber sarcolemma.1 Although the transplantation of normal myoblasts into dystrophin-deficient muscle can restore dystrophin, this approach has been hindered by limited survival (less than 1%) of the injected cells.1 The fact that 99% of the cells were not surviving implantation was seen as a major weakness with this technology by most. My research team decided to investigate which cells represent the 1% of the cells surviving post-implantation. We have subsequently confirmed that the few cells which exhibit high survival post-implantation also display stem cell characteristics, and were termed "muscle-derived stem cells" or MDSCs. Herein, I will describe the origin of these MDSCs, the mechanisms of MDSC action during tissue repair, and finally the development of therapeutic strategies to improve regeneration and repair of musculoskeletal tissues. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1212-1220, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine Center for Tissue Engineering and Aging Research, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 1881 East Road, 3SCR6.3618, Houston, Texas, 77054.,Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 W. Meadow Drive, Suite 1000, Vail, Colorado, 81657
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10
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Zambon JP, Williams KJ, Bennington J, Badlani GH. Applicability of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in female patients. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 38 Suppl 4:S76-S83. [PMID: 31099087 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is an age health-related issue that generates interest due to its considerable public health burden and the controversies surrounding treatment. It is highly prevalent affecting 30-40% of all women during their lifetime. Midurethral slings are the standard of gold standard treatment for female patients with SUI. They have excellent short-term cure rates; however, their efficacy tends to decrease over time and patients often report urinary incontinence recurrence. This paper addresses the applicability of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering for the treatment of SUI in female patients. Cell-based treatment with periurethral injection of autologous adipose or muscle-derived stem cells have been used for SUI; however, the cure rates and SUI recurrence at 1 year were 40% and 70%, respectively. Novel minimally invasive approaches, such as low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapies have shown promising results in SUI animal models. In addition, local injection of growth factors, chemokines, and specific antibodies have shown histological evidence of neoangiogenesis, nerve, and sphincter regeneration in rodents and nonhuman primates with SUI. The use of bioactive factors and proteins secreted by cells, which is called secretomes, have been recognized as key regulators of various mechanisms, such as immunomodulation, angiogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis, and tissue repair. Emerging therapies aiming to replace or restore tissues and organ functionality may improve the long-term efficacy and in the near future may represent the standard of care for the treatment of SUI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao P Zambon
- Department of Urology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Koudy J Williams
- Translational Medicine, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Julie Bennington
- Translational Medicine, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gopal H Badlani
- Department of Urology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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11
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Biz C, Crimi A, Fantoni I, Pozzuoli A, Ruggieri P. Muscle stem cells: what's new in orthopedics? ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2019; 90:8-13. [PMID: 30714993 PMCID: PMC6503412 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i1-s.8078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK Adult stem cells were studied as a source of potentially useful development for tissue engineering and repair techniques. The aim of this review is to clarify the actual and possible uses of muscle stem cells in orthopedics. METHODS A selection of studies was made to obtain a homogeneous and up to date overview on the muscle stem cells applications. RESULTS In recent years muscle was studied as a good source of adult stem cells that can differentiate into different cell lineages. Muscle stem cells are a heterogeneous population of cells, which demonstrated in vitro a great potential for the regeneration and repair of muscle, bone and cartilage tissue. Among muscle stem cells, satellite stem cells are the most known progenitor cells: they can differentiate in osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes and myocytes. CONCLUSIONS Although muscle stem cells are a promising field of research, more pre-clinical studies in animal models are still needed to determine the safety and efficiency of the transplant procedures in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Biz
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
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12
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Lan KC, Wang CC, Yen YP, Yang RS, Liu SH, Chan DC. Islet-like clusters derived from skeletal muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells for autologous transplantation to control type 1 diabetes in mice. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S328-S335. [PMID: 30032651 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1492421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A population of muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs) contained in skeletal muscle is responsible for muscle regeneration. MDSPCs from mouse muscle have been shown to be capable of differentiating into pancreatic islet-like cells. However, the potency of MDSPCs to differentiate into functional islet-like cluster remains to be confirmed. The therapeutic potential of autologous MDSPCs transplantation on type 1 diabetes still remains unclear. Here, we investigated a four-stage method to induce the differentiation of MDSPCs into insulin-producing clusters in vitro, and tested the autologous transplantation to control type 1 diabetes in mice. MDSPCs isolated from the skeletal muscles of mice possessed the ability to form islet-like clusters through several stages of differentiation. The expressions of pancreatic progenitor-related genes, insulin, and islet-related genes were significantly upregulated in islet-like clusters determined by the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The autologous islet-like clusters transplantation effectively improved hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance and increased the survival rate in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice without the use of immunosuppressants. Taken together, these results provide evidence that MDSPCs from murine muscle tissues are capable of differentiating into insulin-producing clusters, which possess insulin-producing ability in vitro and in vivo, and have the potential for autologous transplantation to control type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Cheng Lan
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Wang
- b Department of Pediatrics , College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Peng Yen
- c College of Medicine , Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Rong-Sen Yang
- d Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- b Department of Pediatrics , College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan.,c College of Medicine , Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan.,e Department of Medical Research , China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Ding-Cheng Chan
- f Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
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13
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Watanabe K, Otabe K, Shimizu N, Komori K, Mizuno M, Katano H, Koga H, Sekiya I. High-sensitivity virus and mycoplasma screening test reveals high prevalence of parvovirus B19 infection in human synovial tissues and bone marrow. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:80. [PMID: 29587847 PMCID: PMC5870688 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0811-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Latent microorganism infection is a safety concern for the clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The aim of this study is to investigate the frequencies and sensitivities of the latent virus and mycoplasma infections in synovium, bone marrow, peripheral blood cells, and blood plasma and cultured synovial MSCs. Methods Total DNA and RNA of the synovium (n = 124), bone marrow (n = 123), peripheral blood cells (n = 121), plasma (n = 121), and 14-day cultured synovial MSCs (n = 63) were collected from patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty or anterior ligament reconstruction after written informed consents were obtained. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed to quantitatively measure the representative genomes of 13 DNA viruses, 6 RNA viruses, and 9 mycoplasmas. Multi-spliced mRNA detection and virus spike test were also performed to demonstrate the sensitivity of synovial MSCs to the candidate pathogens. Results In synovium and bone marrow, the positive rates of parvovirus B19 genome were significantly higher than in peripheral blood cells (18.7% and 22% vs. 0.8%, respectively). Multi-alignment analysis of amplified and sequenced viral target genes showed the proximity of the parvovirus B19 gene from different tissue in the same patients. Synovial MSCs cultured for 14 days were positive for virus infection only in two patients (2/62 = 3%). Parvovirus B19 multi-spliced mRNAs were not detected in these two samples. Virus spike test demonstrated the sensitivity of synovial MSCs to herpes simplex virus (HSV)1 and cytomegalovirus (CMV), but not to parvovirus B19. Conclusion This study revealed a relatively high incidence of latent parvovirus B19 in synovium and bone marrow tissue. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0811-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Watanabe
- Virus Research Unit, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Otabe
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Norio Shimizu
- Virus Research Unit, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichirou Komori
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Mizuno
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hisako Katano
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
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14
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Abbas OL, Özatik O, Gönen ZB, Öğüt S, Özatik FY, Salkın H, Musmul A. Comparative Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Bone Marrow, Adipose Tissue, and Dental Pulp as Sources of Cell Therapy for Zone of Stasis Burns. J INVEST SURG 2018; 32:477-490. [PMID: 29442525 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2018.1433254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The implantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to exert benefits for the survival of the zone-of-stasis. However, the clinical experience indicates the importance of selecting the right source and type of stem cells. Therefore, we planned the current study to perform a quantitative comparison of MSCs isolated from three different sources to provide information useful in selection of the optimal source and to see whether critical mechanisms are conserved between different populations. Methods: The protective effects of MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue and dental pulp were compared in a rat model of thermal trauma. The stasis zones were evaluated 72 h after the burn using histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and biochemistry. Results: Gross evaluation of burn wounds revealed that the differences between the mean percentages of the calculated necrotic areas weren't statistically significant. Semi-quantitative grading of the histopathological findings revealed that there were no significant differences between damage scores. Immunohistochemical assessment of apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths revealed that the differences between the mean numbers of apoptotic and necrotic cells weren't statistically significant. Myeloperoxidase activity was found to be significantly lower in the adipose tissue group. Biochemical and immunohistochemical assessment of tissue malondialdehyde revealed that the differences between the groups weren't statistically significant. Finally, the number of neo-vessels in the dental pulp group was found to be significantly higher. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that bone marrow, adipose tissue and dental pulp may serve as a universal donor MSC source for the prevention of burn wound progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Luay Abbas
- Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Orhan Özatik
- Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kütahya, Turkey
| | | | - Serdal Öğüt
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Aydın, Turkey
| | | | - Hasan Salkın
- Beykent University, Vocational School, Department of Medical Services and techniques, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Musmul
- Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Eskişehir, Turkey
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15
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Vinarov A, Atala A, Yoo J, Slusarenco R, Zhumataev M, Zhito A, Butnaru D. Cell therapy for stress urinary incontinence: Present-day frontiers. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1108-e1121. [PMID: 28482121 DOI: 10.1002/term.2444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) significantly diminishes the quality of patients' lives. Currently available surgical and nonsurgical therapies remain far from ideal. At present, advances in cellular technologies have stirred growing interest in the use of autologous cell treatments aimed to regain urinary control. The objective was to conduct a review of the literature and analyse preclinical and clinical studies dedicated to various cell therapies for SUI, assessing their effectiveness, safety, and future prospects. A systematic literature search in PubMed was conducted using the following key terms: "stem," "cell," "stress," "urinary," and "incontinence." A total of 32 preclinical studies and 15 clinical studies published between 1946 and December 2014 were included in the review. Most preclinical trials have used muscle-derived stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells. However, at present, the application of other types of cells, such as human amniotic fluid stem muscle-derived progenitor cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells, is becoming more extensive. While the evidence shows that these therapies are effective and safe, further work is required to standardize surgical techniques, as well as to identify indications for their use, doses and number of doses. Future research will have to focus on clinical applications of cell therapies; namely, it will have to determine indications for their use, doses of cells, optimal surgical techniques and methods, attractive cell sources, as well as to develop clinically relevant animal models and make inroads into understanding the mechanisms of SUI improvement by cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Vinarov
- Research Institute for Uronephrology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - James Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roman Slusarenco
- Research Institute for Uronephrology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marat Zhumataev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Zhito
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Denis Butnaru
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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16
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Zhou J, Cui H, Lu H, Xu Z, Feng W, Chen L, Jin X, Yang X, Qi Z. Muscle-derived stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration: reality or illusion? Regen Med 2017. [PMID: 28621200 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the complicated and time-consuming regenerative process, the repair of injured peripheral nerves depends largely on ongoing stem-cell therapy. Decades ago, researchers successfully isolated and identified muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) and discovered their potential for multidifferentiation. MDSCs play an important role in trauma repair associated with neuromuscular and vascular injury by simultaneously promoting tissue regrowth via direct differentiation and systematic secretion under physiological conditions. However, the isolation, culture, induction and application of MDSCs require further methodological analysis before clinical application. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the challenges associated with neural regeneration and reviewed the progress of stem cell based regenerative medicine, in an effort to realize the potential of MDSCs in nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Haiyan Cui
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Haibin Lu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Zhuqiu Xu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Weifeng Feng
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Jin
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Zuoliang Qi
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
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17
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Lough D, Swanson E, Sopko NA, Madsen C, Miller D, Wang H, Guo Q, Sursala SM, Kumar AR. Regeneration of Vascularized Corticocancellous Bone and Diploic Space Using Muscle-Derived Stem Cells. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 139:893-905. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000003209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Kobayashi M, Ota S, Terada S, Kawakami Y, Otsuka T, Fu FH, Huard J. The Combined Use of Losartan and Muscle-Derived Stem Cells Significantly Improves the Functional Recovery of Muscle in a Young Mouse Model of Contusion Injuries. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44:3252-3261. [PMID: 27501834 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516656823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although muscle injuries tend to heal uneventfully in most cases, incomplete functional recovery commonly occurs as a result of scar tissue formation at the site of injury, even after treatment with muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs). HYPOTHESIS The transplantation of MDSCs in the presence of a transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) antagonist (losartan) would result in decreased scar tissue formation and enhance muscle regeneration after contusion injuries in a mouse model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS An animal model of muscle contusion was developed using the tibialis anterior muscle in 48 healthy mice at 8 to 10 weeks of age. After sustaining muscle contusion injuries, the mice were divided into 4 groups: (1) saline injection group (control group; n = 15), (2) MDSC transplantation group (MDSC group; n = 15), (3) MDSC transplantation plus oral losartan group (MDSC/losartan group; n = 15), and (4) healthy uninjured group (healthy group; n = 3). Losartan was administrated systemically beginning 3 days after injury and continued until the designated endpoint (1, 2, or 4 weeks after injury). MDSCs were transplanted 4 days after injury. Muscle regeneration and fibrotic scar formation were evaluated by histology, and the expression of follistatin, MyoD, Smad7, and Smad2/3 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Functional recovery was measured via electrical stimulation of the peroneal nerve. RESULTS When compared with MDSC transplantation alone, MDSC/losartan treatment resulted in significantly decreased scar formation, an increase in the number of regenerating myofibers, and improved functional recovery after muscle contusions. In support of these findings, the expression levels of Smad7 and MyoD were significantly increased in the group treated with both MDSCs and losartan. CONCLUSION When compared with MDSCs alone, the simultaneous treatment of muscle contusions with MDSCs and losartan significantly reduced scar formation, increased the number of regenerating myofibers, and improved the functional recovery of muscle; these effects were caused, at least in part, by the losartan-mediated upregulation of Smad7 and MyoD. Increased levels of Smad7 and MyoD together reduced the deposition of scar tissue (via the inhibition of TGF-β1 by Smad7) and committed the transplanted MDSCs toward a myogenic lineage (via Smad7-regulated MyoD expression). CLINICAL RELEVANCE The study findings contribute to the development of biological treatments to accelerate and improve the quality of muscle healing after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kobayashi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shusuke Ota
- Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Satoshi Terada
- Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yohei Kawakami
- Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Takanobu Otsuka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Freddie H Fu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
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Muskiewicz KR, Frank NY, Flint AF, Gussoni E. Myogenic Potential of Muscle Side and Main Population Cells after Intravenous Injection into Sub-lethally IrradiatedmdxMice. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 53:861-73. [PMID: 15995145 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.4a6573.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle side population (SP) cells have demonstrated hematopoietic and myogenic activities in vivo upon intravenous (IV) injection into lethally irradiated mdx mice. In contrast, muscle main population (MP) cells were unable to rescue the bone marrow of lethally irradiated mice and, consequently, their in vivo myogenic potential could not be assessed using this method. In the current study, muscle SP or MP cells derived from syngeneic wild-type male mice were delivered to sub-lethally irradiated mdx female mice by single or serial IV injections. Recipient mice were euthanized 12 weeks after transplantation at which time the quadriceps and diaphragm muscles were analyzed for the presence of donor-derived cells. Mice injected with 104muscle SP cells or with 106MP cells appeared to have similar numbers of dystrophin-positive myofibers containing fused donor nuclei. Analysis of the remaining tissue via real-time quantitative PCR indicated that mice injected with muscle SP cells had a higher percentage of donor-derived Y-DNA in the quadriceps than mice injected with MP cells, suggesting that muscle SP cells may be enriched for progenitors able to engraft dystrophic skeletal muscles from the circulation. Although the overall engraftment did not reach therapeutically significant levels, these results indicate that further optimization of cell delivery techniques may lead to improved efficacy of cell-mediated therapy using muscle SP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina R Muskiewicz
- Division of Genetics, Program in Genomics, Children's Hospital Boston, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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20
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Abstract
Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) represent a heterogeneous group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles and/or associated structures. They are a major cause of non-dental orofacial pain. As a group, they are often multi-factorial in nature and have no common etiology or biological explanations. TMD can be broadly divided into masticatory muscle and TMJ disorders. TMJ disorders are characterized by intra-articular positional and/or structural abnormalities. The most common type of TMJ disorders involves displacement of the TMJ articular disc that precedes progressive degenerative changes of the joint leading to osteoarthritis (OA). In the past decade, progress made in the development of stem cell-based therapies and tissue engineering have provided alternative methods to attenuate the disease symptoms and even replace the diseased tissue in the treatment of TMJ disorders. Resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated from the synovia of TMJ, suggesting an important role in the repair and regeneration of TMJ. The seminal discovery of pluripotent stem cells including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have provided promising cell sources for drug discovery, transplantation as well as for tissue engineering of TMJ condylar cartilage and disc. This review discusses the most recent advances in development of stem cell-based treatments for TMJ disorders through innovative approaches of cell-based therapeutics, tissue engineering and drug discovery.
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21
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Therapeutic Roles of Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cells in Tendinopathy. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4076578. [PMID: 27195010 PMCID: PMC4853952 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4076578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a tendon disorder characterized by activity-related pain, local edema, focal tenderness to palpation, and decreased strength in the affected area. Tendinopathy is prevalent in both athletes and the general population, highlighting the need to elucidate the pathogenesis of this disorder. Current treatments of tendinopathy are both conservative and symptomatic. The discovery of tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) and erroneous differentiation of TSPCs have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of tendinopathy. In this review, we firstly present the histopathological characteristics of tendinopathy and explore the cellular and molecular cues in the pathogenesis of tendinopathy. Current evidence of the depletion of the stem cell pool and altered TSPCs fate in the pathogenesis of tendinopathy has been presented. The potential regulatory factors for either tenogenic or nontenogenic differentiation of TSPCs are also summarized. The regulation of endogenous TSPCs or supplementation with exogenous TSPCs as therapeutic targets for the treatment of tendinopathy is proposed. Therefore, inhibiting the erroneous differentiation of TSPCs and regulating the differentiation of TSPCs into tendon cells might be important areas of future research and could provide new clinical treatments for tendinopathy. The current evidence suggests that TSPCs are promising therapeutic targets for the management of tendinopathy.
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22
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Murray IR, LaPrade RF, Musahl V, Geeslin AG, Zlotnicki JP, Mann BJ, Petrigliano FA. Biologic Treatments for Sports Injuries II Think Tank-Current Concepts, Future Research, and Barriers to Advancement, Part 2: Rotator Cuff. Orthop J Sports Med 2016; 4:2325967116636586. [PMID: 27099865 PMCID: PMC4820026 DOI: 10.1177/2325967116636586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotator cuff tears are common and result in considerable morbidity. Tears within the tendon substance or at its insertion into the humeral head represent a considerable clinical challenge because of the hostile local environment that precludes healing. Tears often progress without intervention, and current surgical treatments are inadequate. Although surgical implants, instrumentation, and techniques have improved, healing rates have not improved, and a high failure rate remains for large and massive rotator cuff tears. The use of biologic adjuvants that contribute to a regenerative microenvironment have great potential for improving healing rates and function after surgery. This article presents a review of current and emerging biologic approaches to augment rotator cuff tendon and muscle regeneration focusing on the scientific rationale, preclinical, and clinical evidence for efficacy, areas for future research, and current barriers to advancement and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Volker Musahl
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew G Geeslin
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason P Zlotnicki
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Barton J Mann
- Author deceased.; American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, Rosemont, Illinois, USA
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23
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Caplan AI. MSCs: The Sentinel and Safe-Guards of Injury. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1413-6. [PMID: 26565391 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were originally named because they could differentiate in a variety of mesenchymal phenotypes in culture. Evidence indicates that MSCs arise from perivascular cells, pericytes, when the blood vessels are broken or inflamed. These pericyte/MSCs are situated on every blood vessel in the body. The MSCs sense the micro-environment of the injury site and secrete site-specific factors that serve several important reparative functions: first, a curtain of molecules from the front of the MSCs provide a barrier from the interrogation of the over-aggressive immune system. Second, from the back of the MSCs, a different set of bioactive agents inhibit scar formation and establish a regenerative micro-environment. Third, if bacteria are sensed by the MSCs, they produce powerful protein antibiotics that kill the bacteria on contact. Last, the MSCs surround and encyst intruding solid objects like a piece of wood (a "splinter") or other foreign objects. The MSCs act as a combination paramedic and emergency room (ER) staff to survey the damage, isolate foreign components, stabilize the injured tissues, provide antibiotics and encysting protection before a slower, medicinal sequence can be initiated to regenerate the damaged tissue. The MSCs, thus, act as sentinels to safeguard the individual from intrusion and chronic injury. A societal treatment system has evolved, paramedics and ER procedures, which mirror in a macro-sense what MSCs orchestrate in a micro-sense. Key to this new understanding is that MSCs are not "stem cells," but rather as Medicinal Signaling Cells as the therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold I Caplan
- Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Can Cytoprotective Cobalt Protoporphyrin Protect Skeletal Muscle and Muscle-derived Stem Cells From Ischemic Injury? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2015; 473:2908-19. [PMID: 26070773 PMCID: PMC4523510 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-015-4332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extremity trauma is the most common injury seen in combat hospitals as well as in civilian trauma centers. Major skeletal muscle injuries that are complicated by ischemia often result in substantial muscle loss, residual disability, or even amputation, yet few treatment options are available. A therapy that would increase skeletal muscle tolerance to hypoxic damage could reduce acute myocyte loss and enhance preservation of muscle mass in these situations. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES In these experiments, we investigated (1) whether cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), a pharmacologic inducer of cytoprotective heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), would upregulate HO-1 expression and activity in skeletal muscle, tested in muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs); and (2) whether CoPP exposure would protect MDSCs from cell death during in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation. Then, using an in vivo mouse model of hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion injury, we examined (3) whether CoPP pharmacotherapy would reduce skeletal muscle damage when delivered after injury; and (4) whether it would alter the host inflammatory response to injury. METHODS MDSCs were exposed in vitro to a single dose of 25 μΜ CoPP and harvested over 24 to 96 hours, assessing HO-1 protein expression by Western blot densitometry and HO-1 enzyme activity by cGMP levels. To generate hypoxia/reoxygenation stress, MDSCs were treated in vitro with phosphate-buffered saline (vehicle), CoPP, or CoPP plus an HO-1 inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), and then subjected to 5 hours of hypoxia (< 0.5% O2) followed by 24 hours of reoxygenation and evaluated for apoptosis. In vivo, hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion injury was produced in mice by unilateral 2-hour tourniquet application followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. In three postinjury treatment groups (n = 7 mice/group), CoPP was administered intraperitoneally during ischemia, at the onset of reperfusion, or 1 hour later. Two control groups of mice with the same injury received phosphate-buffered saline (vehicle) or the HO-1 inhibitor, SnPP. Myocyte damage in the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles was determined by uptake of intraperitoneally delivered Evans blue dye (EBD), quantified by image analysis. On serial sections, inflammation was gauged by the mean myeloperoxidase staining intensity per unit area over the entirety of each muscle. RESULTS In MDSCs, a single exposure to CoPP increased HO-1 protein expression and enzyme activity, both of which were sustained for 96 hours. CoPP treatment of MDSCs reduced apoptotic cell populations by 55% after in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation injury (from a mean of 57.3% apoptotic cells in vehicle-treated controls to 25.7% in CoPP-treated cells, mean difference 31.6%; confidence interval [CI], 28.1-35.0; p < 0.001). In the hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion model, CoPP delivered during ischemia produced a 38% reduction in myocyte damage in the gastrocnemius muscle (from 86.4% ± 7% EBD(+) myofibers in vehicle-treated, injured controls to 53.2% EBD(+) in CoPP-treated muscle, mean difference 33.2%; 95% CI, 18.3, 48.4; p < 0.001). A 30% reduction in injury to the gastrocnemius was seen with drug delivery at the onset of reperfusion (to 60.6% ± 13% EBD(+) with CoPP treatment, mean difference 25.8%; CI, 12.2-39.4; p < 0.001). In the tibialis anterior, however, myocyte damage was decreased only when CoPP was given at the onset of reperfusion, resulting in a 27% reduction in injury (from 78.8% ± 8% EBD(+) myofibers in injured controls to 58.3% ± 14% with CoPP treatment, mean difference 20.5%; CI, 6.1-35.0; p = 0.004). Delaying CoPP delivery until 1 hour after tourniquet release obviated the protective effect in both muscles. Mean MPO staining intensity per unit area, indicating the host inflammatory response, decreased by 27-34% across both the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles when CoPP was given either during ischemia or at the time of reperfusion. Delaying drug delivery until 1 hour after the start of reperfusion abrogated this antiinflammatory effect. CONCLUSIONS CoPP can decrease skeletal muscle damage when given early in the course of ischemia/reperfusion injury and also provide protection for regenerative stem cell populations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Pharmacotherapy with HO-1 inducers, delivered in the field, on hospital arrival, or during trauma surgery, may improve preservation of muscle mass and muscle-inherent stem cells after severe ischemic limb injury.
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Use of Adult Stem Cells for Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Current Status and Future Developments. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:438026. [PMID: 26246809 PMCID: PMC4515346 DOI: 10.1155/2015/438026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their low self-repair ability, cartilage defects that result from joint injury, aging, or osteoarthritis, are the most often irreversible and are a major cause of joint pain and chronic disability. So, in recent years, researchers and surgeons have been working hard to elaborate cartilage repair interventions for patients who suffer from cartilage damage. However, current methods do not perfectly restore hyaline cartilage and may lead to the apparition of fibro- or hypertrophic cartilage. In the next years, the development of new strategies using adult stem cells, in scaffolds, with supplementation of culture medium and/or culture in low oxygen tension should improve the quality of neoformed cartilage. Through these solutions, some of the latest technologies start to bring very promising results in repairing cartilage from traumatic injury or chondropathies. This review discusses the current knowledge about the use of adult stem cells in the context of cartilage tissue engineering and presents clinical trials in progress, as well as in the future, especially in the field of bioprinting stem cells.
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Lee JK, Lee S, Han SA, Seong SC, Lee MC. The effect of platelet-rich plasma on the differentiation of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:1317-25. [PMID: 24976362 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), the plasma portion of blood with a high platelet concentration, has been reported to be helpful in stem cell chondrogenesis due to large amount of growth factors it contains. Here, we examined the influence of PRP on the differentiation of synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs) and also evaluated if PRP alone was sufficient to induce SDSCs differentiation. First, the cell proliferation in various differentiation media was analyzed using the MTT assay and it was significantly higher in groups cultured with media that contained PRP. Then, We performed Safranin-O staining and type I, II, and X collagen immunohistochemistry (chondrogenesis), von Kossa staining (osteogenesis), and Oil Red O staining (adipogenesis). The staining was most prominent in groups cultured with optimized differentiation media without PRP in all three lineages of differentiation. The mRNA expression levels of typical differentiation markers were also analyzed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Although, culture in optimized differentiation media increased the mRNA expression of the typical differentiation marker genes, they were significantly reduced when cultured in the media supplemented with PRP. PRP has negative effects on SDSC differentiation in all three differentiation lineages and PRP alone does not induce SDSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Kyu Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
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Lu A, Poddar M, Tang Y, Proto JD, Sohn J, Mu X, Oyster N, Wang B, Huard J. Rapid depletion of muscle progenitor cells in dystrophic mdx/utrophin-/- mice. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4786-800. [PMID: 24781208 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients lack dystrophin from birth; however, muscle weakness becomes apparent only at 3-5 years of age, which happens to coincide with the depletion of the muscle progenitor cell (MPC) pools. Indeed, MPCs isolated from older DMD patients demonstrate impairments in myogenic potential. To determine whether the progression of muscular dystrophy is a consequence of the decline in functional MPCs, we investigated two animal models of DMD: (i) dystrophin-deficient mdx mice, the most commonly utilized model of DMD, which has a relatively mild dystrophic phenotype and (ii) dystrophin/utrophin double knock-out (dKO) mice, which display a similar histopathologic phenotype to DMD patients. In contrast to age-matched mdx mice, we observed that both the number and regeneration potential of dKO MPCs rapidly declines during disease progression. This occurred in MPCs at both early and late stages of myogenic commitment. In fact, early MPCs isolated from 6-week-old dKO mice have reductions in proliferation, resistance to oxidative stress and multilineage differentiation capacities compared with age-matched mdx MPCs. This effect may potentially be mediated by fibroblast growth factor overexpression and/or a reduction in telomerase activity. Our results demonstrate that the rapid disease progression in the dKO model is associated, at least in part, with MPC depletion. Therefore, alleviating MPC depletion could represent an approach to delay the onset of the histopathologies associated with DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Minakshi Poddar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jonathan D Proto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jihee Sohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Xiaodong Mu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Nicholas Oyster
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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Lavasani M, Thompson SD, Pollett JB, Usas A, Lu A, Stolz DB, Clark KA, Sun B, Péault B, Huard J. Human muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells promote functional murine peripheral nerve regeneration. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1745-56. [PMID: 24642464 DOI: 10.1172/jci44071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries and neuropathies lead to profound functional deficits. Here, we have demonstrated that muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs) isolated from adult human skeletal muscle (hMDSPCs) can adopt neuronal and glial phenotypes in vitro and ameliorate a critical-sized sciatic nerve injury and its associated defects in a murine model. Transplanted hMDSPCs surrounded the axonal growth cone, while hMDSPCs infiltrating the regenerating nerve differentiated into myelinating Schwann cells. Engraftment of hMDSPCs into the area of the damaged nerve promoted axonal regeneration, which led to functional recovery as measured by sustained gait improvement. Furthermore, no adverse effects were observed in these animals up to 18 months after transplantation. Following hMDSPC therapy, gastrocnemius muscles from mice exhibited substantially less muscle atrophy, an increase in muscle mass after denervation, and reorganization of motor endplates at the postsynaptic sites compared with those from PBS-treated mice. Evaluation of nerve defects in animals transplanted with vehicle-only or myoblast-like cells did not reveal histological or functional recovery. These data demonstrate the efficacy of hMDSPC-based therapy for peripheral nerve injury and suggest that hMDSPC transplantation has potential to be translated for use in human neuropathies.
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Lavasani M, Pollett JB, Usas A, Thompson SD, Pollett AF, Huard J. The microenvironment-specific transformation of adult stem cells models malignant triton tumors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82173. [PMID: 24349213 PMCID: PMC3857244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we demonstrated the differentiation potential of murine muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs) toward myogenic, neuronal, and glial lineages. MDSPCs, following transplantation into a critical-sized sciatic nerve defect in mice, showed full regeneration with complete functional recovery of the injured peripheral nerve at 6 weeks post-implantation. However, several weeks after regeneration of the sciatic nerve, neoplastic growths were observed. The resulting tumors were malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation, expressing myogenic, neurogenic, and glial markers, common markers of human malignant triton tumors (MTTs). No signs of tumorigenesis were observed 17 weeks post-implantation of MDSPCs into the gastrocnemius muscles of dystrophic/mdx mice, or 1 year following subcutaneous or intravenous injection. While MDSPCs were not oncogenic in nature, the neoplasias were composed almost entirely of donor cells. Furthermore, cells isolated from the tumors were serially transplantable, generating tumors when reimplanted into mice. However, this transformation could be abrogated by differentiation of the cells toward the neurogenic lineage prior to implantation. These results establish that MDSPCs participated in the regeneration of the injured peripheral nerve but transformed in a microenvironment- and time-dependent manner, when they likely received concomitant neurogenic and myogenic differentiation signals. This microenvironment-specific transformation provides a useful mouse model for human MTTs and potentially some insight into the origins of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Lavasani
- Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JH); (ML)
| | - Jonathan B. Pollett
- Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Arvydas Usas
- Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Seth D. Thompson
- Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Aaron F. Pollett
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johnny Huard
- Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JH); (ML)
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Ahmad CS, Redler LH, Ciccotti MG, Maffulli N, Longo UG, Bradley J. Evaluation and management of hamstring injuries. Am J Sports Med 2013; 41:2933-47. [PMID: 23703914 DOI: 10.1177/0363546513487063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Muscle injuries are the most common injuries in sports, with hamstring injuries accounting for 29% of all injuries in athletes. These injuries lead to prolonged impairment and have a reinjury risk of 12% to 31%. They range from mild muscle damage without loss of structural integrity to complete muscle tearing with fiber disruption. Novel MRI scores are increasingly being used and allow a more precise prediction of return to sport. In this article, the authors review the history, mechanisms of injury, and classification systems for hamstring injuries as well as present the latest evidence related to the management of hamstring injuries, including intramuscular and both proximal and distal insertional injuries. Indications for surgical treatment of certain proximal and distal avulsions, biological augmentation to the nonoperative treatment of midsubstance injuries, and advances in risk reduction and injury prevention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Ahmad
- Lauren H. Redler, Center for Shoulder, Elbow, and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, PH-11 Center, New York, NY 10032.
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Neumann AJ, Schroeder J, Alini M, Archer CW, Stoddart MJ. Enhanced adenovirus transduction of hMSCs using 3D hydrogel cell carriers. Mol Biotechnol 2013; 53:207-16. [PMID: 22382454 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-012-9522-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are increasingly being investigated as a means to implant cells for tissue engineering. One way to further enhance the repair response would be to combine the hydrogel cell carrier with gene transfer. Gene therapy, using adenoviral vectors, is an effective way to provide transient delivery of bioactive factors. However, current protocols require further optimization, especially if they are to be transferred into the clinic. This study opted to compare the efficiency of protocols for standard two-dimensional (2D) versus three-dimensional (3D), adenoviral-mediated, transduction of human mesenchymal stem cells. Two different multiplicities of infection were tested. After encapsulation in fibrin, alginate or agarose, cells were cultured for 28 days. Transduction in 3D showed a much higher efficiency, compared to standard 2D transduction protocols. In 3D, the amount of transgene produced was significantly higher, for every condition investigated. Furthermore, transduction in 3D does not require a cell culture step and can be conducted within the operating theatre. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that 3D transduction, using adenoviral vectors, is superior to standard transduction protocols in 2D. It therefore, might help increasing its administration in tissue engineering and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Neumann
- Musculoskeletal Regeneration Program, AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
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Cellular kinetics of perivascular MSC precursors. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:983059. [PMID: 24023546 PMCID: PMC3760099 DOI: 10.1155/2013/983059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and MSC-like multipotent stem/progenitor cells have been widely investigated for regenerative medicine and deemed promising in clinical applications. In order to further improve MSC-based stem cell therapeutics, it is important to understand the cellular kinetics and functional roles of MSCs in the dynamic regenerative processes. However, due to the heterogeneous nature of typical MSC cultures, their native identity and anatomical localization in the body have remained unclear, making it difficult to decipher the existence of distinct cell subsets within the MSC entity. Recent studies have shown that several blood-vessel-derived precursor cell populations, purified by flow cytometry from multiple human organs, give rise to bona fide MSCs, suggesting that the vasculature serves as a systemic reservoir of MSC-like stem/progenitor cells. Using individually purified MSC-like precursor cell subsets, we and other researchers have been able to investigate the differential phenotypes and regenerative capacities of these contributing cellular constituents in the MSC pool. In this review, we will discuss the identification and characterization of perivascular MSC precursors, including pericytes and adventitial cells, and focus on their cellular kinetics: cell adhesion, migration, engraftment, homing, and intercellular cross-talk during tissue repair and regeneration.
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Giordani L, Puri PL. Epigenetic control of skeletal muscle regeneration: Integrating genetic determinants and environmental changes. FEBS J 2013; 280:4014-25. [PMID: 23745685 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic development, pluripotent cells are genetically committed to specific lineages by the expression of cell-type-specific transcriptional activators that direct the formation of specialized tissues and organs in response to developmental cues. Chromatin-modifying proteins are emerging as essential components of the epigenetic machinery, which establishes the nuclear landscape that ultimately determines the final identity and functional specialization of adult cells. Recent evidence has revealed that discrete populations of adult cells can retain the ability to adopt alternative cell fates in response to environmental cues. These cells include conventional adult stem cells and a still poorly defined collection of cell types endowed with facultative phenotype and functional plasticity. Under physiological conditions or adaptive states, these cells cooperate to support tissue and organ homeostasis, and to promote growth or compensatory regeneration. However, during chronic diseases and aging these cells can adopt a pathological phenotype and mediate maladaptive responses, such as the formation of fibrotic scars and fat deposition that progressively replaces structural and functional units of tissues and organs. The molecular determinants of these phenotypic transitions are only emerging from recent studies that reveal how dynamic chromatin states can generate flexible epigenetic landscapes, which confer on cells the ability to retain partial pluripotency and adapt to environmental changes. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of the epigenetic machinery as a 'filter' between genetic commitment and environmental signals in cell types that can alternatively promote skeletal muscle regeneration or fibro-adipogenic degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Giordani
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Sanford Children's Health Research Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Zheng B, Li G, Chen WC, Deasy BM, Pollett JB, Sun B, Drowley L, Gharaibeh B, Usas A, Péault B, Huard J. Human myogenic endothelial cells exhibit chondrogenic and osteogenic potentials at the clonal level. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:1089-95. [PMID: 23553740 PMCID: PMC4360901 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported the high regenerative potential of murine muscle-derived stem cells (mMDSCs) that are capable of differentiating into multiple mesodermal cell lineages, including myogenic, endothelial, chondrocytic, and osteoblastic cells. Recently, we described a putative human counterpart of mMDSCs, the myogenic endothelial cells (MECs), in adult human skeletal muscle, which efficiently repair/regenerate the injured and dystrophic skeletal muscle as well as the ischemic heart in animal disease models. Nevertheless it remained unclear whether human MECs, at the clonal level, preserve mMDSC-like chondrogenic and osteogenic potentials and classic stem cell characteristics including high proliferation and resistance to stress. Herein, we demonstrated that MECs, sorted from fresh postnatal human skeletal muscle biopsies, can be grown clonally and exhibit robust resistance to oxidative stress with no tumorigeneity. MEC clones were capable of differentiating into chondrocytes and osteoblasts under inductive conditions in vitro and participated in cartilage and bone formation in vivo. Additionally, adipogenic and angiogenic potentials of clonal MECs (cMECs) were observed. Overall, our study showed that cMECs not only display typical properties of adult stem cells but also exhibit chondrogenic and osteogenic capacities in vitro and in vivo, suggesting their potential applications in articular cartilage and bone repair/regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 206, 450 Technology DrivePittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Guangheng Li
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 206, 450 Technology DrivePittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William C.W. Chen
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 206, 450 Technology DrivePittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bridget M. Deasy
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 206, 450 Technology DrivePittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan B. Pollett
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 206, 450 Technology DrivePittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219
| | - Bin Sun
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 206, 450 Technology DrivePittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219,Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren Drowley
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 206, 450 Technology DrivePittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219
| | - Burhan Gharaibeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 206, 450 Technology DrivePittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arvydas Usas
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 206, 450 Technology DrivePittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruno Péault
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 206, 450 Technology DrivePittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219,Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Centre for Cardiovascular Science and MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Johnny Huard
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 206, 450 Technology DrivePittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Intrinsic ability of adult stem cell in skeletal muscle: an effective and replenishable resource to the establishment of pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:420164. [PMID: 23818907 PMCID: PMC3684130 DOI: 10.1155/2013/420164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells play an essential role in mammalian organ maintenance and repair throughout adulthood since they ensure that organs retain their ability to regenerate. The choice of cell fate by adult stem cells for cellular proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation into multiple lineages is critically important for the homeostasis and biological function of individual organs. Responses of stem cells to stress, injury, or environmental change are precisely regulated by intercellular and intracellular signaling networks, and these molecular events cooperatively define the ability of stem cell throughout life. Skeletal muscle tissue represents an abundant, accessible, and replenishable source of adult stem cells. Skeletal muscle contains myogenic satellite cells and muscle-derived stem cells that retain multipotent differentiation abilities. These stem cell populations have the capacity for long-term proliferation and high self-renewal. The molecular mechanisms associated with deficits in skeletal muscle and stem cell function have been extensively studied. Muscle-derived stem cells are an obvious, readily available cell resource that offers promise for cell-based therapy and various applications in the field of tissue engineering. This review describes the strategies commonly used to identify and functionally characterize adult stem cells, focusing especially on satellite cells, and discusses their potential applications.
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Chen YH, Peng YL, Wang Y, Weng Y, Li T, Zhang Y, Chen ZB. TGF-β1-induced synthesis of collagen fibers in skeletal muscle-derived stem cells. JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUA ZHONG KE JI DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE YING DE WEN BAN = HUAZHONG KEJI DAXUE XUEBAO. YIXUE YINGDEWEN BAN 2013; 33:238-243. [PMID: 23592137 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-013-1104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of deposition of extracellular matrix induced by TGF-β1 in skeletal muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs). Rat skeletal MDSCs were obtained by using preplate technique, and divided into four groups: group A (control group), group B (treated with TGF-β1, 10 ng/mL), group C (treated with TGF-β1 and anti-connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), both in 10 ng/mL), and group D (treated with anti-CTGF, 10 ng/mL). The expression of CTGF, collagen type-I (COL-I) and collagen type-III (COL-III) in MDSCs was examined by using RT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescent stain. It was found that one day after TGF-β1 treatment, the expression of CTGF, COL-I and COL-III was increased dramatically. CTGF expression reached the peak on the day 2, and then decreased rapidly to a level of control group on the day 5. COL-I and COL-III mRNA levels were overexpresed on the day 2 and 3 respectively, while their protein expression levels were up-regulated on the day 2 and reached the peak on the day 7. In group C, anti-CTGF could partly suppress the overexpression of COL-I and COL-II induced by TGF-β1 one day after adding CTGF antibody. It was concluded that TGF-β1 could induce MDSCs to express CTGF, and promote the production of COL-I and COL-III. In contrast, CTGF antibody could partially inhibit the effect of TGF-β1 on the MDSCs by reducing the expression of COL-I and COL-III. Taken together, we demonstrated that TGF-β1-CTGF signaling played a crucial role in MDSCs synthesizing collagen proteins in vitro, which provided theoretical basis for exploring the methods postponing skeletal muscle fibrosis after nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yun-Long Peng
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuxiong Weng
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhen-Bing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Vadalà G, Russo F, Di Martino A, Denaro V. Intervertebral disc regeneration: from the degenerative cascade to molecular therapy and tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 9:679-90. [PMID: 23512973 DOI: 10.1002/term.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Low back pain is one of the major health problems in industrialized countries, as a leading source of disability in the working population. Intervertebral disc degeneration has been identified as its main cause, being a progressive process mainly characterized by alteration of extracellular matrix composition and water content. Many factors are involved in the degenerative cascade, such as anabolism/catabolism imbalance, reduction of nutrition supply and progressive cell loss. Currently available treatments are symptomatic, and surgical procedures consisting of disc removal are often necessary. Recent advances in our understanding of intervertebral disc biology led to an increased interest in the development of novel biological treatments aimed at disc regeneration. Growth factors, gene therapy, stem cell transplantation and biomaterials-based tissue engineering might support intervertebral disc regeneration by overcoming the limitation of the self-renewal mechanism. The aim of this paper is to overview the literature discussing the current status of our knowledge from the degenerative cascade of the intervertebral disc to the latest molecular, cell-based therapies and tissue-engineering strategies for disc regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Vadalà
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Russo
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Martino
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy
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Benedetti S, Hoshiya H, Tedesco FS. Repair or replace? Exploiting novel gene and cell therapy strategies for muscular dystrophies. FEBS J 2013; 280:4263-80. [PMID: 23387802 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are genetic disorders characterized by skeletal muscle wasting and weakness. Although there is no effective therapy, a number of experimental strategies have been developed over recent years and some of them are undergoing clinical investigation. In this review, we highlight recent developments and key challenges for strategies based upon gene replacement and gene/expression repair, including exon-skipping, vector-mediated gene therapy and cell therapy. Therapeutic strategies for different forms of muscular dystrophy are discussed, with an emphasis on Duchenne muscular dystrophy, given the severity and the relatively advanced status of clinical studies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Benedetti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, UK
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Adult stem cells derived from skeletal muscle — biology and potential. Open Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-013-0137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSkeletal muscle contains at least two distinct populations of adult stem cells — satellite cells and multipotent muscle-derived stem cells. Monopotential satellite cells are located under the basal lamina of muscle fibers. They are capable of giving rise only to cells of myogenic lineage, which play an important role in the processes of muscle regeneration. Multipotent muscle-derived stem cells are considered to be predecessors of the satellite cells. Under proper conditions, both in vitro and in vivo, they undergo myogenic, cardiogenic, chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. The main purpose of the present article is to summarize current information about adult stem cells derived from skeletal muscle, and to discuss their isolation and in vitro expansion techniques, biological properties, as well as their potential for regenerative medicine.
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Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle in mammals is a stable tissue under normal circumstances but has remarkable ability to repair after injury. Skeletal muscle regeneration is a highly orchestrated process involving the activation of various cellular and molecular responses. As skeletal muscle stem cells, satellite cells play an indispensible role in this process. The self-renewing proliferation of satellite cells not only maintains the stem cell population but also provides numerous myogenic cells, which proliferate, differentiate, fuse, and lead to new myofiber formation and reconstitution of a functional contractile apparatus. The complex behavior of satellite cells during skeletal muscle regeneration is tightly regulated through the dynamic interplay between intrinsic factors within satellite cells and extrinsic factors constituting the muscle stem cell niche/microenvironment. For the last half century, the advance of molecular biology, cell biology, and genetics has greatly improved our understanding of skeletal muscle biology. Here, we review some recent advances, with focuses on functions of satellite cells and their niche during the process of skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Yamachika E, Iida S. Bone regeneration from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and compact bone-derived MSCs as an animal model. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Lavasani M, Lu A, Thompson SD, Robbins PD, Huard J, Niedernhofer LJ. Isolation of muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells based on adhesion characteristics to collagen-coated surfaces. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 976:53-65. [PMID: 23400434 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-317-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Our lab developed and optimized a method, known as the modified pre-plate technique, to isolate stem/progenitor cells from skeletal muscle. This method separates different populations of myogenic cells based on their propensity to adhere to a collagen I-coated surface. Based on their surface markers and stem-like properties, including self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation, and ability to promote tissue regeneration, the last cell fraction or slowest to adhere to the collagen-coated surface (pre-plate 6; pp6) appears to be early, quiescent progenitor cells termed muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs). The cell fractions preceding pp6 (pp1-5) are likely populations of more committed (differentiated) cells, including fibroblast- and myoblast-like cells. This technique may be used to isolate MDSPCs from skeletal muscle of humans or mice regardless of age, sex or disease state, although the yield of MDSPCs varies with age and health. MDSPCs can be used for regeneration of a variety of tissues including bone, articular cartilage, skeletal and cardiac muscle, and nerve. MDSPCs are currently being tested in clinical trials for treatment of urinary incontinence and myocardial infarction. MDSPCs from young mice have also been demonstrated to extend life span and healthspan in mouse models of accelerated aging through an apparent paracrine/endocrine mechanism. Here we detail methods for isolation and characterization of MDSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Lavasani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Mifune Y, Matsumoto T, Takayama K, Ota S, Li H, Meszaros LB, Usas A, Nagamune K, Gharaibeh B, Fu FH, Huard J. The effect of platelet-rich plasma on the regenerative therapy of muscle derived stem cells for articular cartilage repair. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:175-85. [PMID: 23041435 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is reported to promote collagen synthesis and cell proliferation as well as enhance cartilage repair. Our previous study revealed that the intracapsular injection of muscle derived stem cells (MDSCs) expressing bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) combined with soluble Flt-1 (sFlt1) was effective for repairing articular cartilage (AC) after osteoarthritis (OA) induction. The current study was undertaken to investigate whether PRP could further enhance the therapeutic effect of MDSC therapy for the OA treatment. METHODS MDSCs expressing BMP-4 and sFlt1 were mixed with PRP and injected into the knees of immunodeficient rats with chemically induced OA. Histological assessments were performed 4 and 12 weeks after cell transplantation. Moreover, to elucidate the repair mechanisms, we performed in vitro assays to assess cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and mixed pellet co-culture of MDSCs and OA chondrocytes. RESULTS The addition of PRP to MDSCs expressing BMP-4 and sFlt1 significantly improved AC repair histologically at week 4 compared to MDSCs expressing BMP-4 and sFlt1 alone. Higher numbers of cells producing type II collagen and lower levels of chondrocyte apoptosis were observed by MDSCs expressing BMP-4 and sFlt1 and mixed with PRP. In the in vitro experiments, the addition of PRP promoted proliferation, adhesion and migration of the MDSCs. During chondrogenic pellet culture, PRP tended to increase the number of type II collagen producing cells and in contrast to the in vivo data, it increased cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that PRP can promote the therapeutic potential of MDSCs expressing BMP-4 and sFlt1 for AC repair (4 weeks post-treatment) by promoting collagen synthesis, suppressing chondrocyte apoptosis and finally by enhancing the integration of the transplanted cells in the repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mifune
- Stem Cell Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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Surface markers for chondrogenic determination: a highlight of synovium-derived stem cells. Cells 2012; 1:1107-20. [PMID: 24710545 PMCID: PMC3901147 DOI: 10.3390/cells1041107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage tissue engineering is a promising field in regenerative medicine that can provide substantial relief to people suffering from degenerative cartilage disease. Current research shows the greatest chondrogenic potential for healthy articular cartilage growth with minimal hypertrophic differentiation to be from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of synovial origin. These stem cells have the capacity for differentiation into multiple cell lineages related to mesenchymal tissue; however, evidence exists for cell surface markers that specify a greater potential for chondrogenesis than other differentiation fates. This review will examine relevant literature to summarize the chondrogenic differentiation capacities of tested synovium-derived stem cell (SDSC) surface markers, along with a discussion about various other markers that may hold potential, yet require further investigation. With this information, a potential clinical benefit exists to develop a screening system for SDSCs that will produce the healthiest articular cartilage possible.
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Platelet-rich plasma-derived growth factors promote osteogenic differentiation of rat muscle satellite cells:in vitroandin vivostudies. Cell Biol Int 2012; 36:1195-205. [DOI: 10.1042/cbi20110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Osteogenic differentiation of muscle satellite cells induced by platelet-rich plasma encapsulated in three-dimensional alginate scaffold. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 114:S32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Stem cells are emerging as therapeutic candidates in a variety of diseases because of their multipotent capacities. Among these, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood or adipose tissue, comprise a population of cells that exhibit extensive proliferative potential and retain the ability to differentiate into multiple tissue-specific lineage cells including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. MSCs have also been shown to enhance neurological recovery, although the therapeutic effects seem to be derived from an indirect paracrine effect rather than direct cell replacement. MSCs secrete neurotrophic factors, promote endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis, encourage synaptic connection and remyelination of damaged axons, decrease apoptosis, and regulate inflammation primarily through paracrine actions. Accordingly, MSCs may prevail as a promising cell source for cell-based therapy in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwa Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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48
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Wilschut KJ, Ling VB, Bernstein HS. Concise review: stem cell therapy for muscular dystrophies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012. [PMID: 23197695 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy comprises a group of genetic diseases that cause progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscle resulting from defective proteins critical to muscle structure and function. This leads to premature exhaustion of the muscle stem cell pool that maintains muscle integrity during normal use and exercise. Stem cell therapy holds promise as a treatment for muscular dystrophy by providing cells that can both deliver functional muscle proteins and replenish the stem cell pool. Here, we review the current state of research on myogenic stem cells and identify the important challenges that must be addressed as stem cell therapy is brought to the clinic.
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Dave LYH, Nyland J, McKee PB, Caborn DNM. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the sports knee: where are we in 2011? Sports Health 2012; 4:252-7. [PMID: 23016095 PMCID: PMC3435924 DOI: 10.1177/1941738111427250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationship between biological tissue healing following knee injury or surgery and long-term clinical outcome has come to the forefront of sports medicine practice. This has led many knee surgeons to incorporate biologically mediated healing factors into the management of knee injuries. In particular, the clinical use of mesenchymal stem cells has opened new horizons. Evidence Acquisition: Relevant studies were identified through a search of PubMed from January 2000 to April 2011, combining the term mesenchymal stem cells with articular cartilage, anterior cruciate ligament, and meniscus. Relevant citations from the reference lists of selected studies were also reviewed. Results: Knee injury treatment with mesenchymal stem cells shows potential. Most reports represent animal model studies; few advances have been translated to human clinical applications. Conclusion: Mesenchymal stem cell use to promote healing following knee injury is likely to increase. There are scientific methodological concerns and ethical and legal issues regarding mesenchymal stem cell use for treating knee injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Yee Han Dave
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Meszaros LB, Usas A, Cooper GM, Huard J. Effect of host sex and sex hormones on muscle-derived stem cell-mediated bone formation and defect healing. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:1751-9. [PMID: 22712541 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) are known to exhibit sexual dimorphism, by donor sex, of osteogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic differentiation potential in vitro. Moreover, host sex differences in the myogenic capacity of MDSCs in vivo are also observed. This study investigated the role of host sex and host sex hormones in MDSC-mediated bone formation and healing. Using unaltered male, castrated male, unaltered female, and ovariectomized female mice, both MDSC-mediated ectopic bone formation and cranial defect healing were examined. Male hosts, whether unaltered or castrated, form significantly larger volumes of MDSC-mediated ectopic bone than female hosts (either unaltered or ovariectomized), and no differences in ectopic bone volume were found between hosts of the same sex. In a cranial defect healing model, similar results were found-unaltered and castrated male hosts display larger volumes of bone formed when compared with unaltered and ovariectomized female hosts. However, in this healing model, some volume differences were found between hosts of the same sex. In both models, these differences were attributed to varying rates of endochondral bone formation in male and female hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Meszaros
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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