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Xing R, Huang R, Su R, Kong J, Dickey MD, Qi W. 3D-Printing of Hierarchical Porous Copper-Based Metal-Organic-Framework Structures for Efficient Fixed-Bed Catalysts. CHEM & BIO ENGINEERING 2024; 1:264-273. [PMID: 38689655 PMCID: PMC11056925 DOI: 10.1021/cbe.4c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Metallic structures with hierarchical open pores that span several orders of magnitude are ideal candidates for various catalyst applications. However, porous metal materials prepared using alloy/dealloy methods still struggle to achieve continuous pore distribution across a broad size range. Herein, we report a printable copper (Cu)/iron (Fe) composite ink that produces a hierarchical porous Cu material with pores spanning over 4 orders of magnitude. The manufacturing process involves four steps: 3D-printing, annealing, dealloying, and reannealing. Because of the unique annealing process, the resulting hierarchical pore surface becomes coated with a layer of Cu-Fe alloy. This feature imparts remarkable catalytic ability and versatile functionality within fixed bed reactors for 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction and Friedländer cyclization. Specifically, for 4-NP reduction, the porous Cu catalyst demonstrates an excellent reaction rate constant (kapp = 86.5 × 10-3 s-1) and a wide adaptability of the substrate (up to 1.26 mM), whilst for Friedländer cyclization, a conversion over 95% within a retention time of only 20 min can be achieved by metal-organic-framework-decorated porous Cu catalyst. The utilization of dual metallic particles as printable inks offers valuable insights for fabricating hierarchical porous metallic structures for applications, such as advanced fixed-bed catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhe Xing
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Renliang Huang
- School
of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Rongxin Su
- School
of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jie Kong
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Michael D. Dickey
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Wei Qi
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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Alioglu MA, Yilmaz YO, Gerhard EM, Pal V, Gupta D, Rizvi SHA, Ozbolat IT. A Versatile Photocrosslinkable Silicone Composite for 3D Printing Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2024; 9:2301858. [PMID: 38883438 PMCID: PMC11178280 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202301858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Embedded printing has emerged as a valuable tool for fabricating complex structures and microfluidic devices. Currently, an ample of amount of research is going on to develop new materials to advance its capabilities and increase its potential applications. Here, we demonstrate a novel, transparent, printable, photocrosslinkable, and tuneable silicone composite that can be utilized as a support bath or an extrudable ink for embedded printing. Its properties can be tuned to achieve ideal rheological properties, such as optimal self-recovery and yield stress, for use in 3D printing. When used as a support bath, it facilitated the generation microfluidic devices with circular channels of diameter up to 30 μm. To demonstrate its utility, flow focusing microfluidic devices were fabricated for generation of Janus microrods, which can be easily modified for multitude of applications. When used as an extrudable ink, 3D printing of complex-shaped constructs were achieved with integrated electronics, which greatly extends its potential applications towards soft robotics. Further, its biocompatibility was tested with multiple cell types to validate its applicability for tissue engineering. Altogether, this material offers a myriad of potential applications (i.e., soft robotics, microfluidics, bioprinting) by providing a facile approach to develop complicated 3D structures and interconnected channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mecit Altan Alioglu
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yasar Ozer Yilmaz
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Ethan Michael Gerhard
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Vaibhav Pal
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Deepak Gupta
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Syed Hasan Askari Rizvi
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ibrahim T. Ozbolat
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey 17033, PA, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University, Hershey 17033, PA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University, Adana 01130, Turkey
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3
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Binetti Basterrechea G, Montesinos V, Quici N. Photocatalytic NO x removal with TiO 2-impregnated 3D-printed PET supports. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22635. [PMID: 38107274 PMCID: PMC10724678 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the photocatalytic removal of NOx using 3D-printed supports. Monolithic supports with internal channels were fabricated by Fused Modelling Deposition (FDM) using PET as the filament feedstock. The printing parameters of the supports were optimized to maximize the exposure of the photocatalyst to UV light throughout the monolithic PET printed supports. The removal experiments were carried out in a continuous gas phase flow reactor, which was custom designed in-house incorporating a 3D printed PET support impregnated with TiO2 as photocatalyst. The impregnated and non-impregnated supports were characterized by diffuse reflectance spectrometry, SEM and AFM. The effect of several key-factors on the NOx removal capacity was investigated, including the type of PET filament (native recycled, BPET vs. glycol-modified, PETG), the type of TiO2 (P25 vs. Hombikat UV-100), the UV light source (LED vs. tubular lamps), and the number of deposited TiO2 layers. The highest NO and NOx removal were achieved by using PETG supports coated with a single layer of Hombikat UV-100 and irradiating the flat reactor from both sides using two sets of black light lamps. However, the highest selectivity toward nitrate formation was obtained when using P25 under the same experimental conditions. This work demonstrates that 3D printing is a reliable and powerful technique for fabricating photocatalytic reactive supports that can serve as a versatile platform for evaluating photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.F. Binetti Basterrechea
- Centro Tecnologías Químicas – Dpto. de Ingeniería Química, FRBA, UTN, Medrano 951, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V.N. Montesinos
- Centro Tecnologías Químicas – Dpto. de Ingeniería Química, FRBA, UTN, Medrano 951, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Gerencia de Química – CNEA, CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, Villa Maipú, Argentina
| | - N. Quici
- Centro Tecnologías Químicas – Dpto. de Ingeniería Química, FRBA, UTN, Medrano 951, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Gerencia de Química – CNEA, CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, Villa Maipú, Argentina
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Wang J, Curtin K, Valentine SJ, Li P. Unlocking the potential of 3D printed microfluidics for mass spectrometry analysis using liquid infused surfaces. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341792. [PMID: 37827686 PMCID: PMC10570538 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Combining microfluidics with mass spectrometry (MS) analysis has great potential for enabling new analytical applications and simplifying existing MS workflows. The rapid development of 3D printing technology has enabled direct fabrication of microfluidic channels using consumer grade 3D printers, which holds great promise to facilitate the adoption of microfluidic devices by the MS community. However, photo polymerization-based 3D printed devices have an issue with chemical leeching, which can introduce contaminant molecules that may present as isobaric ions and/or severely suppress the ionization of target analytes when combined with MS analysis. Although extra cure and washing steps have alleviated the leeching issue, many such contaminant peaks can still show up in mass spectra. In this work, we report a simple surface modification strategy to isolate the chemical leachates from the channel solution thereby eliminating the contaminant peaks for MS analysis. The channel was prepared by fabricating a layer of polydimethylsiloxane graft followed by wetting the graft using silicone oil. The resulting liquid infused surface (LIS) showed significant reduction in contaminant peaks and improvement in the signal intensity of target analytes. The coating showed good stability after long-term usage (7 days) and long-term storage (∼6 months). Finally, the utility of the coating strategy was demonstrated by printing herringbone microfluidic mixers for studying fast reaction kinetics, which obtained comparable reaction rates to literature values. The effectiveness, simplicity, and stability of the present method will promote the adoption of 3D printed microdevices by the MS community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kathrine Curtin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stephen J Valentine
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Liu T, Tao P, Wang X, Wang H, He M, Wang Q, Cui H, Wang J, Tang Y, Tang J, Huang N, Kuang C, Xu H, He X. Ultrahigh-printing-speed photoresists for additive manufacturing. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023:10.1038/s41565-023-01517-w. [PMID: 37783856 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Printing technology for precise additive manufacturing at the nanoscale currently relies on two-photon lithography. Although this methodology can overcome the Rayleigh limit to achieve nanoscale structures, it still operates at too slow of a speed for large-scale practical applications. Here we show an extremely sensitive zirconium oxide hybrid-(2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-(4-methoxystyryl)-1,3,5-triazine) (ZrO2-BTMST) photoresist system that can achieve a printing speed of 7.77 m s-1, which is between three and five orders of magnitude faster than conventional polymer-based photoresists. We build a polygon laser scanner-based two-photon lithography machine with a linear stepping speed approaching 10 m s-1. Using the ZrO2-BTMST photoresist, we fabricate a square raster with an area of 1 cm2 in ~33 min. Furthermore, the extremely small chemical components of the ZrO2-BTMST photoresist enable high-precision patterning, leading to a line width as small as 38 nm. Calculations assisted by characterizations reveal that the unusual sensitivity arises from an efficient light-induced polarity change of the ZrO2 hybrid. We envisage that the exceptional sensitivity of our organic-inorganic hybrid photoresist may lead to a viable large-scale additive manufacturing nanofabrication technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Liu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Tao
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hongqing Wang
- Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Minfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hao Cui
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jin Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ning Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Cuifang Kuang
- Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangming He
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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Mottaghi M, Bai Y, Kulkarni A, Pearce JM. Open source scientific bottle roller. HARDWAREX 2023; 15:e00445. [PMID: 37795342 PMCID: PMC10545937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Proprietary bottle rolling systems automate some laboratory applications, however, their high costs limit accessibility. This study provides designs of an open source bottle roller that is compatible with distributed digital manufacturing using 3-D printed parts and readily-available commercial components. The experimental results show that the open source bottle roller can be fabricated for CAD$210 (about USD$150) in materials, which is 86% less expensive than the most affordable proprietary bottle roller on the market. The design, however, is more robust with enhanced capabilities. The design can be adapted to the user's needs, but is already compatible with incubators with a low profile (dimensions 50 cm x46 cm x8.8 cm) and capable of being operated at elevated temperatures. The systems can be adjusted to revolves from 1 to 200 RPM, exceeding the rotational speed of most commercial systems. The open source bottle roller as tested has a capacity greater than 1.2 kg and can roll twelve 100 mL bottles simultaneously. Validation testing showed that it can operate for days at 80 RPM without human intervention or monitoring for days at both room temperature and elevated temperatures (50 °C). Future work includes adapting the designs for different sizes and for different fabrication techniques to further reduce costs and increase flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mottaghi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Yuntian Bai
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Apoorv Kulkarni
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond St. London, Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Joshua M. Pearce
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ivey Business School, Western University, 1151 Richmond St. London, Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
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Šikula M, Vaněčková E, Hromadová M, Kolivoška V. Spectroelectrochemical sensing of reaction intermediates and products in an affordable fully 3D printed device. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1267:341379. [PMID: 37257964 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in fused deposition modelling 3D printing (FDM 3DP) and synthesis of printable electrically conductive materials enabled the manufacture of customized electrodes and electrochemical devices by this technique. The past couple of years have seen a boom in applying approaches of FDM 3DP in the realm of spectroelectrochemistry (SEC). Despite significant progress, reported designs of SEC devices still rely on conventionally manufactured optical components such as quartz windows and cuvettes. To bridge this technological gap, in this work we apply bi-material FDM 3DP combining electrically conductive and optically translucent filaments to manufacture working electrodes and cells, constituting a fully integrated microfluidic platform for transmission absorption UV-Vis SEC measurements. The cell design enables de-aeration of samples and their convenient handling and analysis. Employing cyclic voltammetric measurements with ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate, ethylviologen dibromide and ferrocenemethanol redox-active probes as model analytes, we demonstrate that the presented platform allows SEC sensing of reactants, intermediates and products of charge transfer reactions, including the inspection of their long-term stability. Approaches developed and presented in this work pave the way for manufacturing customized SEC devices with dramatically reduced costs compared to currently available commercial platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Šikula
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Vaněčková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Magdaléna Hromadová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223, Prague, Czech Republic.
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8
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Vittal LVM, Rookes J, Boyd B, Cahill D. Analysis of plant cuticles and their interactions with agrochemical surfactants using a 3D printed diffusion chamber. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:37. [PMID: 37005584 PMCID: PMC10067233 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-00999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decades of research is available on their effects of single component surfactant on active ingredient diffusion across plant cuticular membranes, but ingredient diffusion is rarely analysed in the presence of commercial surfactants. Also, diffusion studies require expensive or specialized apparatus the fabrication of which often requires skilled labour and specialized facilities. In this research we have addressed both problems where the effects of four commercially available surfactants on a known tracer molecule were investigated using a 3D printed customized diffusion chamber. RESULTS As a proof-of-concept a customized 3D printed diffusion chamber was devised using two different thermoplastics and was successfully used in a range of diffusion tests . The effect of various solvents and surfactants on S. lycopersicum cuticular membrane indicated an increased rate of flux of tracer molecules across the membranes. This research has validated the application of 3D printing in diffusion sciences and demonstrated the flexibility and potential of this technique. CONCLUSIONS Using a 3D printed diffusion apparatus, the effect of commercial surfactants on molecular diffusion through isolated plant membranes was studied. Further, we have included here the steps involved in material selection, design, fabrication, and post processing procedures for successful recreation of the chamber. The customizability and rapid production process of the 3D printing demonstrates the power of additive manufacturing in the design and use of customizable labware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Venkatesha Manyu Vittal
- Faculty of Science Engineering and Built Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - James Rookes
- Faculty of Science Engineering and Built Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Ben Boyd
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen and Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - David Cahill
- Faculty of Science Engineering and Built Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
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Su R, Wang F, McAlpine MC. 3D printed microfluidics: advances in strategies, integration, and applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1279-1299. [PMID: 36779387 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01177h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability to construct multiplexed micro-systems for fluid regulation could substantially impact multiple fields, including chemistry, biology, biomedicine, tissue engineering, and soft robotics, among others. 3D printing is gaining traction as a compelling approach to fabricating microfluidic devices by providing unique capabilities, such as 1) rapid design iteration and prototyping, 2) the potential for automated manufacturing and alignment, 3) the incorporation of numerous classes of materials within a single platform, and 4) the integration of 3D microstructures with prefabricated devices, sensing arrays, and nonplanar substrates. However, to widely deploy 3D printed microfluidics at research and commercial scales, critical issues related to printing factors, device integration strategies, and incorporation of multiple functionalities require further development and optimization. In this review, we summarize important figures of merit of 3D printed microfluidics and inspect recent progress in the field, including ink properties, structural resolutions, and hierarchical levels of integration with functional platforms. Particularly, we highlight advances in microfluidic devices printed with thermosetting elastomers, printing methodologies with enhanced degrees of automation and resolution, and the direct printing of microfluidics on various 3D surfaces. The substantial progress in the performance and multifunctionality of 3D printed microfluidics suggests a rapidly approaching era in which these versatile devices could be untethered from microfabrication facilities and created on demand by users in arbitrary settings with minimal prior training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruitao Su
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Michael C McAlpine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Malatini C, Carbajales C, Luna M, Beltrán O, Amorín M, Masaguer CF, Blanco JM, Barbosa S, Taboada P, Coelho A. 3D-Printing of Capsule Devices as Compartmentalization Tools for Supported Reagents in the Search of Antiproliferative Isatins. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:310. [PMID: 37259453 PMCID: PMC9965165 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of high throughput synthesis methodologies in the generation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) currently requires the use of automated and easily scalable systems, easy dispensing of supported reagents in solution phase organic synthesis (SPOS), and elimination of purification and extraction steps. The recyclability and recoverability of supported reagents and/or catalysts in a rapid and individualized manner is a challenge in the pharmaceutical industry. This objective can be achieved through a suitable compartmentalization of these pulverulent reagents in suitable devices for it. This work deals with the use of customized polypropylene permeable-capsule devices manufactured by 3D printing, using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique, adaptable to any type of flask or reactor. The capsules fabricated in this work were easily loaded "in one step" with polymeric reagents for use as scavengers of isocyanides in the work-up process of Ugi multicomponent reactions or as compartmentalized and reusable catalysts in copper-catalyzed cycloadditions (CuAAC) or Heck palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions (PCCCRs). The reaction products are different series of diversely substituted isatins, which were tested in cancerous cervical HeLa and murine 3T3 Balb fibroblast cells, obtaining potent antiproliferative activity. This work demonstrates the applicability of 3D printing in chemical processes to obtain anticancer APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Malatini
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Carbajales
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mariángel Luna
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, CP 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Beltrán
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, CP 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Amorín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Christian F Masaguer
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José M Blanco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silvia Barbosa
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, CP 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo Taboada
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, CP 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Coelho
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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11
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3D printing and its applications in spectroelectrochemistry. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Hassan RU, Khalil SM, Khan SA, Ali S, Moon J, Cho DH, Byun D. High-Resolution, Transparent, and Flexible Printing of Polydimethylsiloxane via Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing for Conductive Electronic Device Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204373. [PMID: 36297952 PMCID: PMC9607091 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of soft electronics, high-resolution and transparent structures based on various flexible materials constructed via various printing techniques are gaining attention. With the support of electrical stress-induced conductive inks, the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing technique enables us to build high-resolution structures compared with conventional inkjet printing techniques. Here, EHD jet printing was used to fabricate a high-resolution, transparent, and flexible strain sensor using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/xylene elastomer, where repetitive and controllable high-resolution printed mesh structures were obtained. The parametric effects of voltage, flow rate, nozzle distance from the substrate, and speed were experimentally investigated to achieve a high-resolution (5 µm) printed mesh structure. Plasma treatment was performed to enhance the adhesion between the AgNWs and the elastomer structure. The plasma-treated functional structure exhibited stable and long strain-sensing cycles during stretching and bending. This simple printing technique resulted in high-resolution, transparent, flexible, and stable strain sensing. The gauge factor of the strain sensor was significantly increased, owing to the high resolution and sensitivity of the printed mesh structures, demonstrating that EHD technology can be applied to high-resolution microchannels, 3D printing, and electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ul Hassan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | | | - Saeed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 79165, Pakistan
| | - Shahzaib Ali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Joonkyeong Moon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Cho
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
- Department of Energy System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-H.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Doyoung Byun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-H.C.); (D.B.)
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13
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Eitzmann DR, Anderson JL. Evaluating commercial thermoplastic materials in fused deposition modeling 3D printing for their compatibility with DNA storage and analysis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2682-2688. [PMID: 35766132 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00772j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids are ubiquitous in biological samples and can be sensitively detected using nucleic acid amplification assays. To achieve highly accurate and reliable results, nucleic acid isolation and purification is often required and can limit the accessibility of these assays. Encapsulation of these workflows onto a single device may be achieved through fabrication methodologies featuring commercial three-dimensional (3D) printers. This study aims to characterize fused deposition modeling (FDM) filaments based on their compatibility with nucleic acid storage using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). To study the adsorption of nucleic acids, storage vessels were fabricated using six common thermoplastics including: polylactic acid (PLA), nylon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), co-polyester (CPE), polycarbonate (PC), and polypropylene (PP). DNA adsorption of a short 98 base pair and a longer 830 base pair fragment to the walls of the vessel was shown to vary significantly among the polymer materials as well as the color varieties of the same polymer. PLA storage vessels were found to adsorb the least amount of the 98 base pair DNA after 12 hours of storage in 2.5 M NaCl TE buffer whereas the ABS and PC vessels adsorbed up to 97.2 ± 0.2% and 97.5 ± 0.2%. DNA adsorption could be reduced by decreasing the layer height of the 3D printed object, thereby increasing the functionality of the ABS storage vessel. Nylon was found to desorb qPCR inhibiting components into the stored solution which led to erroneous DNA quantification data from qPCR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek R Eitzmann
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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14
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Agafonov MA, Alexandrov EV, Artyukhova NA, Bekmukhamedov GE, Blatov VA, Butova VV, Gayfulin YM, Garibyan AA, Gafurov ZN, Gorbunova YG, Gordeeva LG, Gruzdev MS, Gusev AN, Denisov GL, Dybtsev DN, Enakieva YY, Kagilev AA, Kantyukov AO, Kiskin MA, Kovalenko KA, Kolker AM, Kolokolov DI, Litvinova YM, Lysova AA, Maksimchuk NV, Mironov YV, Nelyubina YV, Novikov VV, Ovcharenko VI, Piskunov AV, Polyukhov DM, Polyakov VA, Ponomareva VG, Poryvaev AS, Romanenko GV, Soldatov AV, Solovyeva MV, Stepanov AG, Terekhova IV, Trofimova OY, Fedin VP, Fedin MV, Kholdeeva OA, Tsivadze AY, Chervonova UV, Cherevko AI, Shul′gin VF, Shutova ES, Yakhvarov DG. METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS IN RUSSIA: FROM THE SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE TO FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND MATERIALS. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622050018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Bubliauskas A, Blair DJ, Powell‐Davies H, Kitson PJ, Burke MD, Cronin L. Digitizing Chemical Synthesis in 3D Printed Reactionware. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116108. [PMID: 35257447 PMCID: PMC9186708 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemistry digitization requires an unambiguous link between experiments and the code used to generate the experimental conditions and outcomes, yet this process is not standardized, limiting the portability of any chemical code. What is needed is a universal approach to aid this process using a well-defined standard that is composed of syntheses that are employed in modular hardware. Herein we present a new approach to the digitization of organic synthesis that combines process chemistry principles with 3D printed reactionware. This approach outlines the process for transforming unit operations into digitized hardware and well-defined instructions that ensure effective synthesis. To demonstrate this, we outline the process for digitizing 3 MIDA boronate building blocks, an ester hydrolysis, a Wittig olefination, a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, and synthesis of the drug sulfanilamide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel J. Blair
- Roger Adams Laboratory, School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of IllinoisUrbana-ChampaignIL 61801USA
| | | | | | - Martin D. Burke
- Roger Adams Laboratory, School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of IllinoisUrbana-ChampaignIL 61801USA
| | - Leroy Cronin
- School of ChemistryThe University of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
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16
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Grivet-Brancot A, Boffito M, Ciardelli G. Use of Polyesters in Fused Deposition Modeling for Biomedical Applications. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200039. [PMID: 35488769 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, 3D printing techniques experienced a growing interest in several sectors, including the biomedical one. Their main advantage resides in the possibility to obtain complex and personalized structures in a cost-effective way impossible to achieve with traditional production methods. This is especially true for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), one of the most diffused 3D printing methods. The easy customization of the final products' geometry, composition and physico-chemical properties is particularly interesting for the increasingly personalized approach adopted in modern medicine. Thermoplastic polymers are the preferred choice for FDM applications, and a wide selection of biocompatible and biodegradable materials is available to this aim. Moreover, these polymers can also be easily modified before and after printing to better suit the body environment and the mechanical properties of biological tissues. This review focuses on the use of thermoplastic aliphatic polyesters for FDM applications in the biomedical field. In detail, the use of poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(lactic acid), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s, thermo-plastic poly(ester urethane)s and their blends has been thoroughly surveyed, with particular attention to their main features, applicability and workability. The state-of-the-art is presented and current challenges in integrating the additive manufacturing technology in the medical practice are discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Grivet-Brancot
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, Italy.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Università di Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Monica Boffito
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
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17
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Crapnell R, Bernalte E, Ferrari AGM, Whittingham MJ, Williams RJ, Hurst NJ, Banks CE. All-in-One Single-Print Additively Manufactured Electroanalytical Sensing Platforms. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:167-176. [PMID: 36785725 PMCID: PMC9838814 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript provides the first report of a fully additively manufactured (AM) electrochemical cell printed all-in-one, where all the electrodes and cell are printed as one, requiring no post-assembly or external electrodes. The three-electrode cell is printed using a standard non-conductive poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based filament for the body and commercially available conductive carbon black/PLA (CB/PLA, ProtoPasta) for the three electrodes (working, counter, and reference; WE, CE, and RE, respectively). The electrochemical performance of the cell is evaluated first against the well-known near-ideal outer-sphere redox probe hexaamineruthenium(III) chloride (RuHex), showing that the cell performs well using an AM electrode as the pseudo-RE. Electrochemical activation of the WE via chronoamperometry and NaOH provides enhanced electrochemical performances toward outer-sphere probes and for electroanalytical performance. It is shown that this activation can be completed using either an external commercial Ag|AgCl RE or through simply using the internal AM CB/PLA pseudo-RE and CE. This all-in-one electrochemical cell (AIOEC) was applied toward the well-known detection of ascorbic acid (AA) and acetaminophen (ACOP), achieving linear trends with limits of detection (LODs) of 13.6 ± 1.9 and 4.5 ± 0.9 μM, respectively. The determination of AA and ACOP in real samples from over-the-counter effervescent tablets was explored, and when analyzed individually, recoveries of 102.9 and 100.6% were achieved against UV-vis standards, respectively. Simultaneous detection of both targets was also achieved through detection in the same sample exhibiting 149.75 and 81.35% recoveries for AA and ACOP, respectively. These values differing from the originals are likely due to electrode fouling due to the AA oxidation being a surface-controlled process. The cell design produced herein is easily tunable toward different sample volumes or container shapes for various applications among aqueous electroanalytical sensing; however, it is a simple example of the capabilities of this manufacturing method. This work illustrates the next step in research synergising AM and electrochemistry, producing operational electrochemical sensing platforms in a single print, with no assembly and no requirements for exterior or commercial electrodes. Due to the flexibility, low-waste, and rapid prototyping of AM, there is scope for this work to be able to span and impact a plethora of research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert
D. Crapnell
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.
| | - Elena Bernalte
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.
| | | | - Matthew J. Whittingham
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.
| | - Rhys J. Williams
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.
| | - Nicholas J. Hurst
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.
| | - Craig E Banks
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.
- ; Tel: ++(0)1612471196
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18
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Bubliauskas A, Blair DJ, Powell‐Davies H, Kitson PJ, Burke MD, Cronin L, Acknow. Digitizing Chemical Synthesis in 3D Printed Reactionware. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel J. Blair
- Roger Adams Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61801 USA
| | | | - Philip J. Kitson
- School of Chemistry The University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Martin D. Burke
- Roger Adams Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61801 USA
| | - Leroy Cronin
- School of Chemistry The University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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19
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Complementary catalysis and analysis within solid state additively manufactured metal micro flow reactors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5121. [PMID: 35332202 PMCID: PMC8948297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive Manufacturing is transforming how researchers and industrialists look to design and manufacture chemical devices to meet their specific needs. In this work, we report the first example of a flow reactor formed via the solid-state metal sheet lamination technique, Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM), with directly integrated catalytic sections and sensing elements. The UAM technology not only overcomes many of the current limitations associated with the additive manufacturing of chemical reactionware but it also significantly increases the functionality of such devices. A range of biologically important 1, 4-disubstituted 1, 2, 3-triazole compounds were successfully synthesised and optimised in-flow through a Cu mediated Huisgen 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition using the UAM chemical device. By exploiting the unique properties of UAM and continuous flow processing, the device was able to catalyse the proceeding reactions whilst also providing real-time feedback for reaction monitoring and optimisation.
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20
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Gordeev EG, Erokhin KS, Kobelev AD, Burykina JV, Novikov PV, Ananikov VP. Exploring metallic and plastic 3D printed photochemical reactors for customizing chemical synthesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3780. [PMID: 35260601 PMCID: PMC8904794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Visible light photocatalysis is a rapidly developing branch of chemical synthesis with outstanding sustainable potential and improved reaction design. However, the challenge is that many particular chemical reactions may require dedicated tuned photoreactors to achieve maximal efficiency. This is a critical stumbling block unless the possibility for reactor design becomes available directly in the laboratories. In this work, customized laboratory photoreactors were developed with temperature stabilization and the ability to adapt different LED light sources of various wavelengths. We explore two important concepts for the design of photoreactors: reactors for performing multiple parallel experiments and reactors suitable for scale-up synthesis, allowing a rapid increase in the product amount. Reactors of the first type were efficiently made of metal using metal laser sintering, and reactors of the second type were successfully manufactured from plastic using fused filament fabrication. Practical evaluation has shown good accuracy of the temperature stabilization in the range typically required for organic synthesis for both types of reactors. Synthetic application of 3D printed reactors has shown good utility in test reactions—furan C–H arylation and thiol-yne coupling. The critical effect of temperature stabilization was established for the furan arylation reaction: heating of the reaction mixture may lead to the total vanishing of photochemical effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy G Gordeev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Kirill S Erokhin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Andrey D Kobelev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, Russia, 119991.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory GSP-1, 1-3, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Julia V Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Pavel V Novikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, Russia, 119991. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory GSP-1, 1-3, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
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21
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Monolithic Stirrer Reactors for the Sustainable Production of Dihydroxybenzenes over 3D Printed Fe/γ-Al2O3 Monoliths: Kinetic Modeling and CFD Simulation. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of the stirring 3D Fe/Al2O3 monolithic reactor in batch operation applied to the liquid-phase hydroxylation of phenol by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). An experimental and numerical investigation was carried out at the following operating conditions: CPHENOL,0 = 0.33 M, CH2O2,0 = 0.33 M, T = 75–95 °C, P = 1 atm, ω = 200–500 rpm and WCAT ~ 1.1 g. The kinetic model described the consumption of the H2O2 by a zero-order power-law equation, while the phenol hydroxylation and catechol and hydroquinone production by Eley–Rideal model; the rate determining step was the reaction between the adsorbed H2O2, phenol in solution with two active sites involved. The 3D CFD model, coupling the conservation of mass, momentum and species together with the reaction kinetic equations, was experimentally validated. It demonstrated a laminar flow characterized by the presence of an annular zone located inside and surrounding the monoliths (u = 40–80 mm s−1) and a central vortex with very low velocities (u = 3.5–8 mm s−1). The simulation study showed the increasing phenol selectivity to dihydroxybenzenes by the reaction temperature, while the initial H2O2 concentration mainly affects the phenol conversion.
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22
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Duarte LC, Pereira I, Maciel LIL, Vaz BG, Coltro WKT. 3D printed microfluidic mixer for real-time monitoring of organic reactions by direct infusion mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1190:339252. [PMID: 34857139 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
3D printing is a technology that has revolutionized traditional rapid prototyping methods due to its ability to build microscale structures with customized geometries in a simple, fast, and low-cost way. In this sense, this article describes the development of a microfluidic mixing device to monitor chemical reactions by mass spectrometry (MS). Microfluidic mixers were designed containing 3D serpentine and Y-shaped microchannels, both with a pointed end for facilitating the spray formation. The devices were fabricated entirely by 3D printing with fusion deposition modeling (FDM) technology. As proof-of-concept, micromixers were evaluated through monitoring the Katritzky reaction by injecting simultaneously 2,4,6-triphenylpropyllium (TPP) and amino acid (glycine or alanine) solutions, each through a different reactor inlet. Reaction product was monitored online by MS at different flow rates. Mass spectra showed that the relative abundances of the products obtained with the device containing the 3D serpentine channel were three times greater than those obtained with the Y-channel device due to the turbulence generated by the barriers created inside microchannels. In addition, when compared to the conventional electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) technique, the 3D serpentine mixer offered better performance measured in relation to the relative abundance values for the reaction products. These results as well as the instrumental simplicity indicate that 3D printed microfluidic mixer is a promising tool for monitoring organic reactions via MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Duarte
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Igor Pereira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Lanaia I L Maciel
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Wendell K T Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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23
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Kundra M, Zhu Y, Nguyen X, Fraser D, Hornung CH, Tsanaktsidis J. 3D printed nickel catalytic static mixers made by corrosive chemical treatment for use in continuous flow hydrogenation. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00456e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic static mixers, 3D printed from nickel alloys, were treated with etching or leaching solutions to activate their surfaces for use in hydrogenation of alkenes, aldehydes and nitro-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kundra
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Yutong Zhu
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Xuan Nguyen
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Darren Fraser
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | | | - John Tsanaktsidis
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
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24
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Primakov PV, Denisov GL, Novikov VV, Lependina OL, Korlyukov AA, Nelyubina YV. Calcium-based coordination polymers from a solvothermal synthesis of HKUST-1 in 3D printed autoclaves. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Zhang Y, Wu L, Zou M, Zhang L, Song Y. Suppressing the Step Effect of 3D Printing for Constructing Contact Lenses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107249. [PMID: 34724264 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
3D printing has been considered as a sustainable method to construct complicated 3D structures. However, the step effect induced by the traditional point-by-point or layer-by-layer additive manufacturing mode inevitably occurs and remains an obstacle to realizing the smoothness and uniformity of 3D samples. Here, a continuous liquid film confined 3D printing strategy is proposed to fabricate high-precision 3D structures based on the Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology. With the control of the confinement of the liquid-solid interface and the continuous printing mode, liquid film adhering to the cured structure is sucked into the cured layer structures with excess resin adhering to the cured structure scraping off, where the step effect is eliminated and post-washing is avoided. The morphology and dimension of the confined liquid film can be well regulated by ink properties and printing parameters to optimize the surface smoothness and printing fidelity. In addition, heat accumulation and thermal diffusion are also suppressed, ensuring the long-term printing stability. A centimeter-scale contact lens structure with central thickness of ≈135 µm comparable to commercial ones can be printed, which possesses extreme smoothness (sub 1.3 nm), homogeneous mechanical characteristic, biocompatibility, and high optical properties with imaging resolution of up to 228.1 lp mm-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zou
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lidian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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26
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Effects of the composition ratio on the properties of PCL/PLA blends: a kind of thermo-sensitive shape memory polymer composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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Hammer AS, Leonov AI, Bell NL, Cronin L. Chemputation and the Standardization of Chemical Informatics. JACS AU 2021; 1:1572-1587. [PMID: 34723260 PMCID: PMC8549037 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The explosion in the use of machine learning for automated chemical reaction optimization is gathering pace. However, the lack of a standard architecture that connects the concept of chemical transformations universally to software and hardware provides a barrier to using the results of these optimizations and could cause the loss of relevant data and prevent reactions from being reproducible or unexpected findings verifiable or explainable. In this Perspective, we describe how the development of the field of digital chemistry or chemputation, that is the universal code-enabled control of chemical reactions using a standard language and ontology, will remove these barriers allowing users to focus on the chemistry and plug in algorithms according to the problem space to be explored or unit function to be optimized. We describe a standard hardware (the chemical processing programming architecture-the ChemPU) to encompass all chemical synthesis, an approach which unifies all chemistry automation strategies, from solid-phase peptide synthesis, to HTE flow chemistry platforms, while at the same time establishing a publication standard so that researchers can exchange chemical code (χDL) to ensure reproducibility and interoperability. Not only can a vast range of different chemistries be plugged into the hardware, but the ever-expanding developments in software and algorithms can also be accommodated. These technologies, when combined will allow chemistry, or chemputation, to follow computation-that is the running of code across many different types of capable hardware to get the same result every time with a low error rate.
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Quintanilla A, Vega G, López P, García F, Madurga E, Belmonte M, Casas JA. Enhanced Fluid Dynamics in 3D Monolithic Reactors to Improve the Chemical Performance: Experimental and Numerical Investigation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asuncion Quintanilla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Vega
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo López
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca García
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Madurga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Belmonte
- Institute of Ceramics and Glass (ICV-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, C/Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A. Casas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Wang L, Pumera M. Covalently modified enzymatic 3D-printed bioelectrode. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:374. [PMID: 34628520 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has showed great potential for the construction of electrochemical sensor devices. However, reported 3D-printed biosensors are usually constructed by physical adsorption and needed immobilizing reagents on the surface of functional materials. To construct the 3D-printed biosensors, the simple modification of the 3D-printed device by non-expert is mandatory to take advantage of the remote, distributed 3D printing manufacturing. Here, a 3D-printed electrode was prepared by fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technique and activated by chemical and electrochemical methods. A glucose oxidase-based 3D-printed nanocarbon electrode was prepared by covalent linkage method to an enzyme on the surface of the 3D-printed electrode to enable biosensing. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the glucose oxidase-based biosensor. Direct electrochemistry glucose oxidase-based biosensor with higher stability was then chosen to detect the two biomarkers, hydrogen peroxide and glucose by chronoamperometry. The prepared glucose oxidase-based biosensor was further used for the detection of glucose in samples of apple cider. The covalently linked glucose oxidase 3D-printed nanocarbon electrode as a biosensor showed excellent stability. This work can open new doors for the covalent modification of 3D-printed electrodes in other electrochemistry fields such as biosensors, energy, and biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Wang
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology (CEITEC-BUT), 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
- 3D Printing and Innovation Hub, Department of Food Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology (CEITEC-BUT), 61200, Brno, Czech Republic.
- 3D Printing and Innovation Hub, Department of Food Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemungu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Alimi OA, Meijboom R. Current and future trends of additive manufacturing for chemistry applications: a review. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2021; 56:16824-16850. [PMID: 34413542 PMCID: PMC8363067 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-021-06362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3-D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, refers to a method used to generate a physical object by joining materials in a layer-by-layer process from a three-dimensional virtual model. 3-D printing technology has been traditionally employed in rapid prototyping, engineering, and industrial design. More recently, new applications continue to emerge; this is because of its exceptional advantage and flexibility over the traditional manufacturing process. Unlike other conventional manufacturing methods, which are fundamentally subtractive, 3-D printing is additive and, therefore, produces less waste. This review comprehensively summarises the application of additive manufacturing technologies in chemistry, chemical synthesis, and catalysis with particular attention to the production of general laboratory hardware, analytical facilities, reaction devices, and catalytically active substances. It also focuses on new and upcoming applications such as digital chemical synthesis, automation, and robotics in a synthetic environment. While discussing the contribution of this research area in the last decade, the current, future, and economic opportunities of additive manufacturing in chemical research and material development were fully covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyekunle Azeez Alimi
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006 South Africa
| | - Reinout Meijboom
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006 South Africa
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Aladese AD, Jeong HH. Recent Developments in 3D Printing of Droplet-Based Microfluidics. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-021-00032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Feng Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Yang Y. Performance Evaluation and Scale-Up Behavior of an Engineered In-Line Mixer for 3D Printing. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Haomiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Jingdai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Yongrong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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Abdalla A, Patel BA. 3D Printed Electrochemical Sensors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:47-63. [PMID: 33974807 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091120-093659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has recently emerged as a novel approach in the development of electrochemical sensors. This approach to fabrication has provided a tremendous opportunity to make complex geometries of electrodes at high precision. The most widely used approach for fabrication is fused deposition modeling; however, other approaches facilitate making smaller geometries or expanding the range of materials that can be printed. The generation of complete analytical devices, such as electrochemical flow cells, provides an example of the array of analytical tools that can be developed. This review highlights the fabrication, design, preparation, and applications of 3D printed electrochemical sensors. Such developments have begun to highlight the vast potential that 3D printed electrochemical sensors can have compared to other strategies in sensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Abdalla
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom; ,
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Bhavik Anil Patel
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom; ,
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
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Silva AL, Salvador GMDS, Castro SVF, Carvalho NMF, Munoz RAA. A 3D Printer Guide for the Development and Application of Electrochemical Cells and Devices. Front Chem 2021; 9:684256. [PMID: 34277568 PMCID: PMC8283263 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.684256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
3D printing is a type of additive manufacturing (AM), a technology that is on the rise and works by building parts in three dimensions by the deposit of raw material layer upon layer. In this review, we explore the use of 3D printers to prototype electrochemical cells and devices for various applications within chemistry. Recent publications reporting the use of Fused Deposition Modelling (fused deposition modeling®) technique will be mostly covered, besides papers about the application of other different types of 3D printing, highlighting the advances in the technology for promising applications in the near future. Different from the previous reviews in the area that focused on 3D printing for electrochemical applications, this review also aims to disseminate the benefits of using 3D printers for research at different levels as well as to guide researchers who want to start using this technology in their research laboratories. Moreover, we show the different designs already explored by different research groups illustrating the myriad of possibilities enabled by 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Silva
- Grupo de Catálise Ambiental e Sustentabilidade Energética, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Geral e Inorgânica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Maia da Silva Salvador
- Grupo de Catálise Ambiental e Sustentabilidade Energética, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Geral e Inorgânica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sílvia V F Castro
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Eletroanalítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Nakédia M F Carvalho
- Grupo de Catálise Ambiental e Sustentabilidade Energética, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Geral e Inorgânica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A A Munoz
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Eletroanalítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Current scenario and prospects in manufacture strategies for glass, quartz, polymers and metallic microreactors: A comprehensive review. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Green DW, Watson JA, Ben-Nissan B, Watson GS, Stamboulis A. Synthetic tissue engineering with smart, cytomimetic protocells. Biomaterials 2021; 276:120941. [PMID: 34298445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic protocells are rudimentary origin-of-life versions of natural cell counterparts. Protocells are widely engineered to advance efforts and useful accepted outcomes in synthetic biology, soft matter chemistry and bioinspired materials chemistry. Protocells in collective symbiosis generate synthetic proto-tissues that display unprecedented autonomy and yield advanced materials with desirable life-like features for smart multi-drug delivery, micro bioreactors, renewable fuel production, environmental clean-up, and medicine. Current levels of protocell and proto-tissue functionality and adaptivity are just sufficient to apply them in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, where they animate biomaterials and increase therapeutic cell productivity. As of now, structural biomaterials for tissue engineering lack the properties of living biomaterials such as self-repair, stochasticity, cell synergy and the sequencing of molecular and cellular events. Future protocell-based biomaterials provide these core properties of living organisms, but excluding evolution. Most importantly, protocells are programmable for a broad array of cell functions and behaviors and collectively in consortia are tunable for multivariate functions. Inspired by upcoming designs of smart protocells, we review their developmental background and cover the most recently reported developments in this promising field of synthetic proto-biology. Our emphasis is on manufacturing proto-tissues for tissue engineering of organoids, stem cell niches and reprogramming and tissue formation through stages of embryonic development. We also highlight the exciting reported developments arising from fusing living cells and tissues, in a valuable hybrid symbiosis, with synthetic counterparts to bring about novel functions, and living tissue products for a new synthetic tissue engineering discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- David William Green
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, Biomaterials Research Group, Proto-cellular Biomaterials Unit, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jolanta Anna Watson
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Fraser Coast Campus, Hervey Bay, QLD 4655, Australia
| | - Besim Ben-Nissan
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology, PO BOX 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory Shaun Watson
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Fraser Coast Campus, Hervey Bay, QLD 4655, Australia
| | - Artemis Stamboulis
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, Biomaterials Research Group, Proto-cellular Biomaterials Unit, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Cherevko AI, Denisov GL, Nikovskii IA, Polezhaev AV, Korlyukov AA, Novikov VV. Composite Materials Manufactured by Photopolymer 3D Printing with Metal-Organic Frameworks. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s107032842105002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
New composite materials containing metal-organic framework (MOF-5) particles were manufactured by 3D printing. The optimal composition of the photopolymer formulation and printing conditions ensuring the highest quality of printing were selected. Retention of the metal-organic framework (MOF) structure in the resulting composite objects was demonstrated by powder X-ray diffraction. The distribution of MOF-5 particles over the whole bulk of the 3D product was studied by X-ray computed tomography. In the future, composite materials of this type containing catalytically active MOFs, with their structure and properties being controllable at the micro and macro levels, could find application as catalysts of various chemical processes.
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38
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Heard DM, Doobary S, Lennox AJJ. 3D Printed Reactionware for Synthetic Electrochemistry with Hydrogen Fluoride Reagents. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Heard
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS
| | - Sayad Doobary
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS
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39
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Su CK. Review of 3D-Printed functionalized devices for chemical and biochemical analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1158:338348. [PMID: 33863415 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in three-dimensional printing (3DP) have attracted the attention of analytical scientists interested in fabricating 3D devices having promising geometric functions to achieve desirable analytical performance. To break through the barrier of limited availability of 3DP materials and to extend the chemical reactivity and functionalities of devices manufactured using conventional 3DP, new approaches are being developed for the functionalization of 3D-printed devices for chemical and biochemical analysis. This Review discusses recent advances in the chemical functionalization schemes used in the main 3DP technologies, including (i) post-printing modification and surface immobilization of reactive substances on printed materials, (ii) pre-printing incorporation of reactive substances into raw printing materials, and (iii) combinations of both strategies, and their effects on the selectivity and/or sensitivity of related analytical methods. In addition, the state of the art of 3D-printed functionalized analytical devices for enzymatic derivatization and sensing, electrochemical sensing, and sample pretreatment applications are also reviewed, highlighting the importance of introducing new functional and functionalized materials to facilitate future 3DP-enabled manufacturing of multifunctional analytical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kuan Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
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40
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Denisov GL, Primakov PV, Nelyubina YV. A New Metal-Organic Framework: Product of Solvothermal Synthesis in 3D-Printed Autoclaves. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328421040011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gervasi A, Cardol P, Meyer PE. Open-hardware wireless controller and 3D-printed pumps for efficient liquid manipulation. HARDWAREX 2021; 9:e00199. [PMID: 35601242 PMCID: PMC9121357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2021.e00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Many routines in biological experiments require the precise handling of liquid volumes in the range of microliters up to liters. In this paper, we describe a new wireless controller that is adapted to liquid manipulation tasks, in particular when combined with the proposed 3D-printed pumps. It can be built from widely available electronic components and managed with open-source software. The use of peristaltic pumps enables to move volumes from milliliters to liters with a relative error below 1% or a syringe pump capable of injecting volumes in the range of milliliters with microliter accuracy. The system is remotely controllable over WiFi and easily automated using the MQTT communication protocol. The programming of the microcontroller is performed on the Arduino IDE. The WiFi settings and the calibration value can be easily modified, stored and exported in the form of a JSON file to create a user friendly, plug and play and easily scalable device. Additional sensors or actuators can be added, allowing the system to adapt to various usages. Finally, in addition to its low manufacturing cost and its capability to fit a large variety of tasks involving liquid handling, our system has been specifically designed for research environments where adaptability and repeatability of experiments is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Gervasi
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios/Phytosystems, BotaBotLab, Institut de Botanique, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios/Phytosystems, Institut de botanique, University of Liège, Belgium
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Patrick E. Meyer
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Lab, InBios/Phytosystems, Institut de botanique, University of Liège, Belgium
- Corresponding authors.
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Prabhakar P, Sen RK, Dwivedi N, Khan R, Solanki PR, Srivastava AK, Dhand C. 3D-Printed Microfluidics and Potential Biomedical Applications. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.609355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
3D printing is a smart additive manufacturing technique that allows the engineering of biomedical devices that are usually difficult to design using conventional methodologies such as machining or molding. Nowadays, 3D-printed microfluidics has gained enormous attention due to their various advantages including fast production, cost-effectiveness, and accurate designing of a range of products even geometrically complex devices. In this review, we focused on the recent significant findings in the field of 3D-printed microfluidic devices for biomedical applications. 3D printers are used as fabrication tools for a broad variety of systems for a range of applications like diagnostic microfluidic chips to detect different analytes, for example, glucose, lactate, and glutamate and the biomarkers related to different clinically relevant diseases, for example, malaria, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. 3D printers can print various materials (inorganic and polymers) with varying density, strength, and chemical properties that provide users with a broad variety of strategic options. In this article, we have discussed potential 3D printing techniques for the fabrication of microfluidic devices that are suitable for biomedical applications. Emerging diagnostic technologies using 3D printing as a method for integrating living cells or biomaterials into 3D printing are also reviewed.
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Daley SK, Cordell GA. Natural Products, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and the Quintuple Helix. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211003029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The profound interconnectedness of the sciences and technologies embodied in the Fourth Industrial Revolution is discussed in terms of the global role of natural products, and how that interplays with the development of sustainable and climate-conscious practices of cyberecoethnopharmacolomics within the Quintuple Helix for the promotion of a healthier planet and society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geoffrey A. Cordell
- Natural Products Inc., Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Hou W, Bubliauskas A, Kitson PJ, Francoia JP, Powell-Davies H, Gutierrez JMP, Frei P, Manzano JS, Cronin L. Automatic Generation of 3D-Printed Reactionware for Chemical Synthesis Digitization using ChemSCAD. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:212-218. [PMID: 33655058 PMCID: PMC7908023 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe a system, ChemSCAD, for the creation of digital reactors based on the chemical operations, physical parameters, and synthetic sequence to produce a given target compound, to show that the system can translate the gram-scale batch synthesis of the antiviral compound Ribavirin (yield 43% over three steps), the narcolepsy drug Modafinil (yield 60% over three steps), and both batch and flow instances of the synthesis of the anticancer agent Lomustine (batch yield 65% over two steps) in purities greater than or equal to 96%. The syntheses of compounds developed using the ChemSCAD system, including reactor designs and analytical data, can be stored in a database repository, with the information necessary to critically evaluate and improve upon reactionware syntheses being easily shared and versioned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Przemyslaw Frei
- School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | | | - Leroy Cronin
- School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
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45
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Hou W, Bubliauskas A, Kitson PJ, Francoia JP, Powell-Davies H, Gutierrez JMP, Frei P, Manzano JS, Cronin L. Automatic Generation of 3D-Printed Reactionware for Chemical Synthesis Digitization using ChemSCAD. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:212-218. [PMID: 33655058 DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.13070588.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe a system, ChemSCAD, for the creation of digital reactors based on the chemical operations, physical parameters, and synthetic sequence to produce a given target compound, to show that the system can translate the gram-scale batch synthesis of the antiviral compound Ribavirin (yield 43% over three steps), the narcolepsy drug Modafinil (yield 60% over three steps), and both batch and flow instances of the synthesis of the anticancer agent Lomustine (batch yield 65% over two steps) in purities greater than or equal to 96%. The syntheses of compounds developed using the ChemSCAD system, including reactor designs and analytical data, can be stored in a database repository, with the information necessary to critically evaluate and improve upon reactionware syntheses being easily shared and versioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenduan Hou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | | | - Philip J Kitson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | | | | | | | - Przemyslaw Frei
- School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | | | - Leroy Cronin
- School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
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46
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Kundra M, Grall T, Ng D, Xie Z, Hornung CH. Continuous Flow Hydrogenation of Flavorings and Fragrances Using 3D-Printed Catalytic Static Mixers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kundra
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Tom Grall
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Derrick Ng
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Zongli Xie
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
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Wilbraham L, Mehr SHM, Cronin L. Digitizing Chemistry Using the Chemical Processing Unit: From Synthesis to Discovery. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:253-262. [PMID: 33370095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The digitization of chemistry is not simply about using machine learning or artificial intelligence systems to process chemical data, or about the development of ever more capable automation hardware; instead, it is the creation of a hard link between an abstracted process ontology of chemistry and bespoke hardware for performing reactions or exploring reactivity. Chemical digitization is therefore about the unambiguous development of an architecture, a chemical state machine, that uses this ontology to connect precise instruction sets to hardware that performs chemical transformations. This approach enables a universal standard for describing chemistry procedures via a chemical programming language and facilitates unambiguous dissemination of these procedures. We predict that this standard will revolutionize the ability of chemists to collaborate, increase reproducibility and safety, as we all as optimize for cost and efficiency. Most importantly, the digitization of chemistry will dramatically reduce the labor needed to make new compounds and broaden accessible chemical space. In recent years, the developments of automation in chemistry have gone beyond flow chemistry alone, with many bespoke workflows being developed not only for automating chemical synthesis but also for materials, nanomaterials, and formulation production. Indeed, the leap from fixed-configuration synthesis machines like peptide, nucleic acid, or dedicated cross-coupling engines is important for developing a truly universal approach to "dial-a-molecule". In this case, a key conceptual leap is the use of a batch system that can encode the chemical reagents, solvent, and products as packets which can be moved around the system, and a graph-based approach for the description of hardware modules that allows the compilation of chemical code that runs on, in principle, any hardware. Further, the integration of sensor systems for monitoring and controlling the state of the chemical synthesis machine, as well as high resolution spectroscopic tools, is vital if these systems are to facilitate closed-loop autonomous experiments. Systems that not only make molecules and materials, but also optimize their function, and use algorithms to assist with the development of new synthetic pathways and process optimization are also possible. Here, we discuss how the digitization of chemistry is happening, building on the plethora of technological developments in hardware and software. Importantly, digital-chemical robot systems need to integrate feedback from simple sensors, e.g., conductivity or temperature, as well as online analytics in order to navigate process space autonomously. This will open the door to accessing known molecules (synthesis), exploring whether known compounds/reactions are possible under new conditions (optimization), and searching chemical space for unknown and unexpected new molecules, reactions, and modes of reactivity (discovery). We will also discuss the role of chemical knowledge and how this can be used to challenge bias, as well as define and expand synthetically accessible chemical space using programmable robotic chemical state machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Wilbraham
- School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S. Hessam M. Mehr
- School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Leroy Cronin
- School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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Synthesis, Physical Properties and Application of a Series of New Polyoxometalate-Based Ionic Liquids. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020496. [PMID: 33477711 PMCID: PMC7831901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper deals with the preparation and the characterization of four new ionic liquids resulting from the pairing of various polyoxotungstates or polyoxomolybdates with the cation trihexyltetradecylphosphonium. The physical properties measured by different techniques evidence that the viscosity and the rheological behaviors of such POM-based ionic liquids, POM-ILs, strongly depend on the nature of the POM, especially its charge. Playing on the nature of the POM, we can indeed obtain Newtonian liquids or some much more viscous materials exhibiting characteristics of resins or pseudo-plastics. In a second part of this study, the potentialities of using such materials both as solvent and catalyst for the oxidation of a series of alcohols are presented as proof of concept. This part highlights great differences in strength and selectivity as a function of the POM-IL used. Furthermore, a very simple way to recycle the catalyst is also presented.
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Xu X, Liu X, Wang D, Liu X, Chen L, Zhao J. {HPO 3} and {WO 4} Simultaneously Induce the Assembly of Tri-Ln(III)-Incorporated Antimonotungstates and Their Photoluminescence Behaviors. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1037-1044. [PMID: 33382601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A double template agent strategy has been adopted to prepare a group of triacetate-adorned tri-Ln(III)-incorporated trimeric antimonotungstates (AMTs) K3Na21H[Ln3(CH3COO)3(HPO3)(WO4)][B-α-SbW9O33]3·36H2O [Ln = Eu3+ (1), Dy3+ (2), Ho3+ (3), or Er3+ (4)] in a CH3COOH-CH3COONa buffer system. Therein, H3PO3 and Na2WO4·2H2O have been, respectively, transformed into the capped {HPO3} and {WO4} tetrahedra during the assembly process, which are situated at the center of polyoxoanions of 1-4 and simultaneously perform as structure-directing templates to induce the assembly of 1-4. The hexahedral configuration supramolecular stacking is the same as the shape of a crystal of 1, which illustrates that the supramolecular stacking mode plays a significant role in forming the crystal shape of 1-4. Under the Ln3+ f-f excitation, the photoluminescence behaviors involving the emission spectrograms and fluorescence decay curves of 1-4 were systematically researched. The modulation of the excitation wavelength has realized the emission color tuning from blue to red, blue to green, blue to yellow, and green to yellow for 1-4. On the basis of the excitation of O → W charge transfer (OWCT), the energy-transfer procedure from AMT units to Eu3+ centers in 1 is mainly accomplished in the form of energy reabsorption. This work proposes a typical case for the construction of a new type of AMT clusters by using the double template agent strategy and confirms the great potential of Ln-containing AMTs in optic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
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Bonneaud C, Howell J, Bongiovanni R, Joly-Duhamel C, Friesen CM. Diversity of Synthetic Approaches to Functionalized Perfluoropolyalkylether Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon Howell
- Science Department, Centenary University, 400 Jefferson Street, Hackettstown, New Jersey 07840, United States
| | - Roberta Bongiovanni
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10128 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Chadron M. Friesen
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity Western University, 7600 Glover Road, Langley, British Columbia V2Y 1Y1, Canada
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