1
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Cai Y, Hua Y, Lu Z, Chen J, Chen D, Xia H. Metallacyclobutadienes: Intramolecular Rearrangement from Kinetic to Thermodynamic Isomers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403940. [PMID: 39104029 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Metallacyclobutadienes (MCBDs) are key intermediates of alkyne metathesis reactions. There are in principle two isomerization pathway from kinetic to thermodynamic MCBDs, intermolecular and intramolecular. However, systems that simultaneously isolate two kinds of MCBD isomers have not been achieved, thus restricting the mechanistic studies of the isomerization. Here the reactivity of a metallapentalyne that contains an M≡C bond within the aromatic ring, with alkynes to afford a series of MCBD-fused metallapentalenes is studied. In some cases, both kinetic and thermodynamic products are isolated in the same system, which has never been observed in previous MCBD reactions. Furthermore, the isomerization of MCBD-fused metallapentalenes is investigated both experimentally and theoretically, indicating that it is an intramolecular process involving a metallatetrahedrane (MTd) intermediate. This research provides experimental evidence demonstrating that one MCBD can undergo intramolecular rearrangement to transform into another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518005, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518005, China
| | - Jiangxi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518005, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518005, China
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2
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Xing JF, Tan YZ, Zhu J. Probing σ-Aromaticity-Driven Ring Contraction of Metallabenzocyclobutadiene to Metallabenzocyclopropene. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:13903-13910. [PMID: 39014892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Ring contraction of metallacyclobutadiene to metallacyclopropene is rare because of the increasing strain from a four-membered ring to a three-membered one. Here we demonstrate a new series of reactions of metallabenzocyclobutadiene to metallabenzocyclopropene via density functional theory calculations. The results suggest that these reactions are thermodynamically favorable ranging from -17.4 to -29.4 kcal mol-1, and a low reaction barrier (10.3 kcal mol-1) is achieved when the metal center is Ru and the ligands are one cyanide and one chloride. Further analysis suggests that a strengthened binding energy helps stabilize the transition state in the protonation process. The aromaticity during the reaction was investigated using the electron density of delocalized bonds (EDDB), isomerization stabilization energy, and isodesmic reactions. The EDDB shows that the π-conjugation is disrupted in the intermediate, and then σ-aromaticity is generated and dominant in the products. Our findings could be helpful for experimentalists in developing novel ring contraction reactions driven by aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Feng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, People's Republic of China
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3
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Rabe A, Wang Q, Sundholm D. Unraveling the enigma of Craig-type Möbius-aromatic osmium compounds. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10938-10946. [PMID: 38888198 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01110d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts and the magnetically induced current density (MICD) susceptibility of four osmium containing molecules have been calculated at the density functional theory (DFT) level using three relativistic levels of theory. The calculations were performed at the quasi-relativistic level using an effective core potential (ECP) for Os, at the all-electron scalar exact two-component (X2C) relativistic level, and at the relativistic X2C level including spin-orbit coupling (SO-X2C). In earlier studies, the osmapentalene (1) and the osmapentalynes (2 and 3) were considered Craig-type Möbius aromatic and it was suggested that the analogous osmium compound (4) is Craig-type Möbius antiaromatic. Here, the ring-current strengths were obtained with the gauge including magnetically induced currents (GIMIC) method by integrating the MICD susceptibility passing through planes that intersect chemical bonds and by line integration of the induced magnetic field using Ampère-Maxwell's law. The ring-current calculations suggest that 1, 2 and 3 are weakly aromatic and that 4 is nonaromatic. The accuracy of the MICD susceptibility was assessed by comparing calculated NMR chemical shifts to available experimental data. Visualization of the MICD susceptibility shows that the ring current does not pass from one side of the molecular plane to the other, which means that the MICD susceptibility of the studied molecules does not exhibit any Möbius topology as one would expect for Craig-type Möbius aromatic and for Craig-type Möbius antiaromatic molecules. Thus, molecules 1-3 are not Craig-type Möbius aromatic and molecule 4 is not Craig-type Möbius antiaromatic as previously suggested. Calculations of the 1H NMR and 13C NMR chemical shifts of atoms near the Os atom show the importance of including spin-orbit effects. Overall, our study revisits the understanding of the aromaticity of organometallic molecules containing transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Rabe
- Department Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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4
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Blasco D, Sundholm D. The aromatic nature of auracycles and diauracycles based on calculated ring-current strengths. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10150-10158. [PMID: 38819195 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00827h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
We have calculated the magnetically induced current density susceptibility for gold-containing organometallic molecular rings using the gauge-including magnetically induced currents (GIMIC) method. The aromatic nature has been determined by calculating the strength of the magnetically induced ring current susceptibility, which is often called ring current. To our knowledge, we show here for the first time that gold-containing organometallic rings may be aromatic or antiaromatic sustaining ring currents in the presence of an external magnetic field. The calculated aromatic character of the rings agrees with the aromatic nature one expects when using Hückel's aromaticity rules. The studied auracycles and diauracycles with 4n electrons in the conjugated orbitals generally sustain a weak paratropic ring current, whereas those having 4n + 2 electrons in the conjugated orbitals sustain a diatropic ring current that is almost as strong as that of benzene. The number of electrons are obtained by assuming that each C, N and Au atom of the ring contribute one electron, and a H atom connected to a N atom in the ring increases the number of electrons by one. An electron-attracting ligand at Au removes one electron from the ring. Formation of a short Au-Au bonding diauracycles reduces the number of electrons in the ring by two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Blasco
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Investigación en Química (IQUR), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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5
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Huang D, Liu W, Zheng Y, Feng R, Chai Z, Wei J, Zhang WX. Nonplanar Aromaticity of Dinuclear Rare-Earth Metallacycles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15609-15618. [PMID: 38776637 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
While the concept of metalla-aromaticity has well been extended to transition organometallic compounds in diverse geometries, aromatic rare-earth organometallic complexes are rare due to the special (n - 1)d0 configuration and high-lying (n - 1)d orbitals of rare-earth centers. In particular, nonplanar cases of rare-earth complexes have not been reported so far. Here, we disclose the nonplanar aromaticity of dinuclear scandium and samarium metallacycles characterized by various aromaticity indices (nucleus-independent chemical shift, isochemical shielding surface, anisotropy of induced current density, and isomerization stabilization energy). Bonding analyses (Kohn-Sham molecular orbital, adaptive natural density partitioning, multicenter bond indices, and principal interacting orbital) reveal that three delocalized π orbitals, predominantly contributed by the 2-butene tetraanion ligand, result in the formation of six-electron conjugated systems. Guided by these findings, we predicted that the lutetium and gadolinium analogues of dinuclear rare-earth metallacycles should be aromatic, which have been verified by the successful synthesis of real molecules. This work extends the concept of nonplanar aromaticity to the field of rare-earth metallacycles and illuminates the path for designing and synthesizing various rare-earth metalla-aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengqi Chai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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6
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Zheng X, Huang F, Li X, Zhuo K, Chen D, Luo M, Xia H. Isomerization reactions of metal vinylidene units. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8443-8450. [PMID: 38846407 PMCID: PMC11151869 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01993h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Isomerization reactions of unsaturated molecules offer an efficient strategy in atom-economical synthesis. Although isomerization reactions of unsaturated organic and organometallic compounds, such as alkenes, alkynes, and metal carbynes, have been achieved, those of metal vinylidene units that contain cumulated double bonds have never been reported. Herein, we inaugurally discovered isomerization reactions of metal vinylidene units via protonation and deprotonation reactions of metal carbenes. Experimental and theoretical investigations indicate that the electrical characteristics of substituents on the rings play a crucial role in controlling the formation of metal vinylidene units. The isomerization reactions of metal vinylidene units were driven by thermodynamic forces. Moreover, one of the angles at metal vinylidenes was found as 126.9°, representing the smallest angle in metal vinylidenes and the first cyclic 4d transition metal (Ru) vinylidene complex was successfully isolated. These investigations unveil novel structures and reactivity for metal vinylidenes, offering a fresh perspective on the isomerization reactions of unsaturated molecules containing cumulative unsaturated bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Zheng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Fanping Huang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Kaiyue Zhuo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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7
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Basumatary B, Tsuruda H, Szczepanik DW, Lee J, Ryu J, Mori S, Yamagata K, Tanaka T, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Kim J, Ishida M, Furuta H. Metalla-Carbaporphyrinoids Consisting of an Acyclic N-Confused Tetrapyrrole Analogue Served as Stable Near-Infrared-II Dyes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405059. [PMID: 38563771 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We present herein the synthesis of novel pseudo-metalla-carbaporphyrinoid species (1M: M=Pd and Pt) achieved through the inner coordination of palladium(II) and platinum(II) with an acyclic N-confused tetrapyrrin analogue. Despite their tetrapyrrole frameworks being small, akin to well-known porphyrins, these species exhibit an unusually narrow HOMO-LUMO gap, resulting in an unprecedentedly low-energy absorption in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) region. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed unique dπ-pπ-conjugated electronic structures involving the metal dπ-ligand pπ hybridized molecular orbitals of 1M. Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy confirmed distinct electronic structures. Remarkably, the complexes feature an open-metal coordination site in the peripheral NN dipyrrin site, forming hetero-metal complexes (1Pd-BF2 and 1Pt-BF2) through boron difluoride complexation. The resulting hetero metalla-carbaporphyrinoid species displayed further redshifted NIR-II absorption, highly efficient photothermal conversion efficiencies (η; 62-65 %), and exceptional photostability. Despite the challenges associated with the theoretical and experimental assessment of dπ-pπ-conjugated metalla-aromaticity in relatively larger (more than 18π electrons) polycyclic ring systems, these organometallic planar tetrapyrrole systems could serve as potential molecular platforms for aromaticity-relevant NIR-II dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biju Basumatary
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tsuruda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Dariusz W Szczepanik
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- School of Integrated Technology, College of Computing, Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Underwood International College, Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
| | - Jaehyeok Ryu
- School of Integrated Technology, College of Computing, Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Underwood International College, Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kyo Yamagata
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8195, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8195, Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Molecular Structure Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jiwon Kim
- School of Integrated Technology, College of Computing, Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Underwood International College, Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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8
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Xu B, Mao W, Lu Z, Cai Y, Chen D, Xia H. Syntheses and reactivities of strained fused-ring metallaaromatics containing planar eleven-carbon chains. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4378. [PMID: 38782900 PMCID: PMC11116401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbolong complexes are one of the primary types of metallaaromatics, and they include metallapentalynes and metallapentalenes. A series of 7C-10C and 12C-carbolong complexes with planar ligand skeletons respectively containing 7-10 and 12 carbon atoms in their backbones, have been previously reported. Herein, two classes of strained substances, metallabenzyne-fused metallapentalenes and metallabenzene-fused metallapentalynes, were prepared, both representing 11C-carbolong complexes with a planar carbon-chain ligand. Furthermore, the former type is also the carbolong derivatives containing a metallabenzyne skeleton, another primary metallaaromatic framework. Metallabenzyne-fused metallapentalenes show versatile reactivities, and the most interesting one is the metal carbyne bond shift from a 6-membered to a more strained 5-membered ring, affording the above-mentioned metallabenzene-fused metallapentalyne. This work makes carbolong chemistry more complete, and provides a method to achieve metallabenzynes, which is anticipated to concurrently advance the development of these two types of metallaaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanting Cai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Southern University of Science and Technology Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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9
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Sarmah K, Guha AK. Quest for Double Möbius Aromaticity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400395. [PMID: 38451013 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Neutral four-membered rings with 4n electrons are generally Hückel antiaromatic. On the other hand, 4n electron system can also be Möbius aromatic, although identification has escaped so far. A recent study of double Möbius aromaticity has been put forwarded in the D2h symmetric singlet ground state of four member Pa2B2 ring. Although interesting, but the synthesis possesses a significant challenge as Pa is rare, highly radioactive and toxic. Herein, a synthetically viable four membered Rh2B2 cluster is proposed which contains double Möbius aromaticity. Interestingly, the three membered RhB2 - cluster also possess Möbius aromaticity and is the smallest ring to show such phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkan Sarmah
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA-, 781001
| | - Ankur K Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA-, 781001
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10
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Jia G. Facile synthesis of transition metal complexes with five coplanar metal-carbon σ-bonds. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae078. [PMID: 38666093 PMCID: PMC11044960 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guocheng Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China
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11
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Miwa K, Yokota T, Wang Q, Sakurai T, Fliegl H, Sundholm D, Shinokubo H. Metallaantiaromaticity of 10-Platinacorrole Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1396-1402. [PMID: 38172072 PMCID: PMC10882971 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The aromaticity of cyclic π-conjugated organometallic compounds is known as metallaaromaticity. π-Conjugated metallacycles, such as metallabenzenes and metallapentalenes, have been investigated in order to understand the involvement of the d electrons from the metal center in the π-conjugated systems of the organic ligands. Here, we report the synthesis of Pd(II) 10-platinacorrole complexes with cyclooctadiene (COD) and norbornadiene (NBD) ligands. While the Pd(II) 10-platinacorrole COD complex adopts a distorted structure without showing appreciable antiaromaticity, the corresponding NBD complex exhibits a distinct antiaromatic character due to its highly planar conformation. Detailed density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that two d orbitals are involved in macrocyclic π-conjugation. We furthermore demonstrated that Craig-Möbius antiaromaticity is not present in the studied system. The synthesis of 10-platinacorroles enables a systematic comparison of the antiaromaticity and aromaticity of closely related porphyrin analogues, providing a better understanding of π-conjugation that involves d orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Miwa
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603 Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yokota
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603 Aichi, Japan
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Takahiro Sakurai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603 Aichi, Japan
| | - Heike Fliegl
- FIZ Karlsruhe─Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603 Aichi, Japan
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12
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Yang XF, Zhang MX, Liu SH, Hartl F. Metallaaromatic Complexes as Candidates for Future Molecular Materials and Electronic Devices: Recent Advancements. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300860. [PMID: 37997007 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the field of organometallic chemistry has made a great progress and diverse types of metallaaromatics have successively been reported. In those studies, incorporation of ligated osmium centers into metallaaromatic systems played a prominent role. The reviewed literature documents that certain metallaaromatics with unconventional photophysical properties, redox and electronic transport properties and magnetism, have potential to be widely used in diverse practical applications, with selected examples of amino acid and fluoride anion identification, photothermal effects, functional materials, photodynamic therapy (PDT) in biomedicine, single-molecule junction conductors, and electron-transport layer materials (ETLs) in solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Xing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - František Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DX, United Kingdom
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13
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Hua Y, Luo M, Lu Z, Zhang H, Chen D, Xia H. Experimental and theoretical evidences for the formation of transition metal complexes with five coplanar metal-carbon σ bonds. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad325. [PMID: 38226366 PMCID: PMC10789241 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The σ bond is an important concept in chemistry, and the metal-carbon (M-C) σ bond in particular is a central feature in organometallic chemistry. Synthesis of stable complexes with five coplanar M-C σ bonds is challenging. Here, we describe the synthesis of two different types of stable complexes with five coplanar M-C σ bonds, and examine the stability of such complexes which use rigid conjugated carbon chains to chelate with the metal center. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the M-C σ bonds in these complexes have primarily a covalent character. Besides the σ nature, there are also a π conjugation component among the metal center and carbons, which causes delocalization. This work expanded the coplanar M-C σ bonds to five.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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14
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Rao J, Dong S, Yang C, Liu Q, Leng X, Wang D, Zhu J, Deng L. A Triplet Iron Carbyne Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25766-25775. [PMID: 37971755 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the spin state of metal carbynes, which have broad applications in organic synthesis and material science, presents a formidable challenge for modern chemists as the strong field nature of carbyne ligands dictates low-spin ground spin states (S = 0 or 1/2) for known metal carbynes. Through the oxidative addition reaction of a low-coordinate iron(0) N-heterocyclic carbene complex with the C-S bond of a thioazole-2-ylidene, we synthesized the first triplet (S = 1) metal terminal carbyne, an iron cyclic carbyne complex. Different from the classical metal carbynes, the triplet complex features an LXZ-type carbyne ligand and a weak Fe≡C triple bond, which endow it with the unique reactivity pattern of facile carbyne coupling, weak affinity toward nucleophiles, and facial addition reactions with electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shicheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chengbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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15
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Deng Q, Zhu J. Adaptive σ aromaticity in the rhenacyclopropene rings. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:2294-2301. [PMID: 37466308 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Species generally exhibit one-state aromaticity either in the lowest singlet state (S0 ) or the lowest triplet state (T1 ) according to the Hückel's and Baird's rules. Hence, it is rare for species exhibit two-state aromaticity in both the S0 and T1 states (termed as adaptive aromaticity), let alone adaptive σ aromaticity. Here, we report adaptive σ aromaticity in unsaturated rhenacyclopropene rings via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Various aromaticity indices including NICS, ACID, EDDB together with isodesmic reactions support the adaptive σ aromaticity in these rhenacyclopropene rings. As the T1 state of these species is formed by the ππ* excitation, the σ-aromaticity of these three-membered rings in the S0 state could hold in the T1 state. In addition, the aromaticity effect of the fused rings is also examined. Our findings expand the family of adaptive σ aromaticity, enriching the metallaaromatic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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16
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Zhu Q, Chen S, Chen D, Lin L, Xiao K, Zhao L, Solà M, Zhu J. The application of aromaticity and antiaromaticity to reaction mechanisms. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:926-938. [PMID: 38933008 PMCID: PMC11197727 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aromaticity, in general, can promote a given reaction by stabilizing a transition state or a product via a mobility of π electrons in a cyclic structure. Similarly, such a promotion could be also achieved by destabilizing an antiaromatic reactant. However, both aromaticity and transition states cannot be directly measured in experiment. Thus, computational chemistry has been becoming a key tool to understand the aromaticity-driven reaction mechanisms. In this review, we will analyze the relationship between aromaticity and reaction mechanism to highlight the importance of density functional theory calculations and present it according to an approach via either aromatizing a transition state/product or destabilizing a reactant by antiaromaticity. Specifically, we will start with a particularly challenging example of dinitrogen activation followed by other small-molecule activation, C-F bond activation, rearrangement, as well as metathesis reactions. In addition, antiaromaticity-promoted dihydrogen activation, CO2 capture, and oxygen reduction reactions will be also briefly discussed. Finally, caution must be cast as the magnitude of the aromaticity in the transition states is not particularly high in most cases. Thus, a proof of an adequate electron delocalization rather than a complete ring current is recommended to support the relatively weak aromaticity in these transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), SICAM, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
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17
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Iwamoto T, Suzuki M, Hasegawa H, Abeta H, Matsuo Y, Tanaka T, Yasuda N, Ishii Y. One-pot Syntheses of Benzo- and Benzofuran-fused Iridaoxabenzenes via CH Bond Activations of Alkyl-bridged Diphenol Derivatives. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300640. [PMID: 37610036 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
One-pot syntheses of new π-extended metallaaromatic compounds have been developed by utilizing Ir-mediated CH bond activation of ethylene- or ethylidene-bridged diphenol derivatives. Depending on the bridging alkyl groups, two types of iridaoxabenzenes, both of which are doubly fused with benzo and benzofuran units, have been obtained. Studies on their structures and electronic characters indicate that both complexes have an aromatic character on the iridaoxacycles, and their π-conjugated systems are fully delocalized over the whole molecular skeletons. These novel metallaaromatic complexes exhibited some reactivities which are distinct from those reported for the non-fused metallaaromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Mika Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hibiki Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hinako Abeta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Youichi Ishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
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18
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Liu HC, Ruan K, Ma K, Fei J, Lin YM, Xia H. Synthesis of metalla-dual-azulenes with fluoride ion recognition properties. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5583. [PMID: 37696902 PMCID: PMC10495402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Azulene-based conjugated systems are of great interests due to their unusual structures and photophysical properties. Incorporation of a transition metal into azulene skeleton presents an intriguing opportunity to combine the dπ-pπ and pπ-pπ conjugated properties. No such metallaazulene skeleton however has been reported to date. Here, we describe our development of an efficient [5 + 2] annulation reaction to rapid construction of a unique metal-containing [5-5-7] scaffold, termed metalla-dual-azulene (MDA), which includes a metallaazulene and a metal-free organic azulene intertwined by sharing the tropylium motif. The two azulene motifs in MDA exhibit distinct reactivities. The azulene motif readily undergoes nucleophilic addition, leading to N-, O- and S-substituted cycloheptanetrienyl species. Demetalation of the metallaazulene moiety occurs when it reacts with nBu4NF, which enables highly selective recognition of fluoride anion and a noticeable color change. The practical [5 + 2] annulation methodology, facile functional-group modification, high and selective fluoride detection make this new π-conjugated polycyclic system very suitable for potential applications in photoelectric and sensing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kaidong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kexin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiawei Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
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19
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Abstract
Complexes with aromaticity in both the lowest singlet state (S0) and the lowest triplet state (T1) (denoted as adaptive aromaticity) are rare because according to Hückel's and Baird's rules, a species could be aromatic in either the S0 or T1 state in most cases. Thus, it is particularly challenging to design species with adaptive aromaticity. Previous reports on adaptive aromaticity were mainly focused on 16e metallapentalenes. Here, we demonstrate that 18e metallapentalenes could possess adaptive aromaticity supported by a set of aromaticity indices when the nitrido and imido ligands are introduced via density functional theory calculations. Further investigation suggests that the metal-carbon bond strength plays an important role in the S0 state aromaticity and the T1 state aromaticity could be attributed to spin electron localization. All these findings could be useful for the development of metallaaromatic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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20
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Liu Z, Wang H, Gao Y, Zhao J. Mechanisms in the Catalytic Reduction of N 2O by CO over the M 13@Cu 42 Clusters of Aromatic-like Inorganic and Metal Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114485. [PMID: 37298961 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal aromatic substances play a unique and important role in both experimental and theoretical aspects, and they have made tremendous progress in the past few decades. The new aromaticity system has posed a significant challenge and expansion to the concept of aromaticity. From this perspective, based on spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we systematically investigated the doping effects on the reduction reactions of N2O catalyzed by CO for M13@Cu42 (M = Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt) core-shell clusters from aromatic-like inorganic and metal compounds. It was found that compared with the pure Cu55 cluster, the strong M-Cu bonds provide more structural stability for M13@Cu42 clusters. Electrons that transferred from the M13@Cu42 to N2O promoted the activation and dissociation of the N-O bond. Two possible reaction modes of co-adsorption (L-H) and stepwise adsorption (E-R) mechanisms over M13@Cu42 clusters were thoroughly discovered. The results showed that the exothermic phenomenon was accompanied with the decomposition process of N2O via L-H mechanisms for all of the considered M13@Cu42 clusters and via E-R mechanisms for most of the M13@Cu42 clusters. Furthermore, the rate-limiting step of the whole reactions for the M13@Cu42 clusters were examined as the CO oxidation process. Our numerical calculations suggested that the Ni13@Cu42 cluster and Co13@Cu42 clusters exhibited superior potential in the reduction reactions of N2O by CO; especially, Ni13@Cu42 clusters are highly active, with very low free energy barriers of 9.68 kcal/mol under the L-H mechanism. This work demonstrates that the transition metal core encapsulated M13@Cu42 clusters can present superior catalytic activities towards N2O reduction by CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Liu
- College of Sciences, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- College of Sciences, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Yan Gao
- College of Sciences, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- College of Sciences, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ministry of Education, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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21
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Li Q, Fei J, Ruan K, Hua Y, Chen D, Luo M, Xia H. Reshaping aromatic frameworks: expansion of aromatic system drives metallabenzenoids to metallapentalenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5672-5680. [PMID: 37265719 PMCID: PMC10231429 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01491f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reshaping an aromatic framework to generate other skeletons is a challenging issue due to the stabilization energy of aromaticity. Such reconfigurations of aromatics commonly generate non-aromatic products and hardly ever reshape to a different aromatic framework. Herein, we present the transformation of metallaindenols to metallapentalenes and metallaindenes in divergent pathways, converting one aromatic framework to another with an extension of the conjugation framework. The mechanistic study of this transformation shows that phosphorus ligands play different roles in the divergent processes. Further theoretical studies indicate that the expansion of the aromatic system is the driving force promoting this skeletal rearrangement. Our findings offer a new concept and strategy to reshape and construct aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jiawei Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Kaidong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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22
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Tang C, Jiang XL, Chen S, Hong W, Li J, Xia H. Stereoelectronic Modulation of a Single-Molecule Junction through a Tunable Metal-Carbon dπ-pπ Hyperconjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10404-10410. [PMID: 37121913 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated molecules play a critical role in the construction of single-molecule devices. However, most conventional conjugated molecules, such as hydrocarbons, involve only a pπ-pπ conjugation of light elements. While the metal d-orbitals can introduce abundant electronic effects to achieve novel electronic properties, it is very scarce for the charge transport study of dπ-pπ conjugated pathways with a metal involved. Here, we employed the single-molecule break junction technique to investigate the charge transport through dπ-pπ conjugated backbones with metal-carbon multiple bonds integrated into the alternative conjugated pathways. The involved dπ-pπ conjugation not only supports high conductivity comparable to that of conjugated hydrocarbons but also significantly enhances the tunable diversity in electronic properties through the metal-induced secondary interaction. Specifically, the introduction of the metal brings an unconventionally stereoelectronic effect triggered by metal-carbon dπ-pπ hyperconjugation, which can be tuned by protonation taking place on the metal-carbon multiple bonds, collectively modulating the single-molecule rectification feature and transmission mechanism. This work demonstrates the promise of utilizing the diverse electronic effect of metals to design molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xue-Lian Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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23
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Lin X, Wu W, Mo Y. Planar Four-Membered Diboron Actinide Compound with Double Möbius Aromaticity. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:8107-8113. [PMID: 36977280 PMCID: PMC10103132 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The Möbius rule predicts that a planar four-membered metallacycle can be aromatic with four mobile electrons, but such a simple ring has escaped recognition because it usually favors Hückel anti-aromaticity. Here, we report that a quasi-square four-membered actinide compound (Pa2B2) is doubly Möbius aromatic. Chemical bonding analyses reveal that this diboron protactinium molecule has four delocalized π electrons in addition to four delocalized σ electrons, satisfying the 4n Möbius rule for both σ and π components. Energetically, the block-localized wavefunction method, which is the simplest variant of ab initio valence bond theory, shows that the delocalization energy for the π and σ electrons reaches up to 65.0 and 72.3 kcal/mol, respectively, while the extra cyclic resonance energy (ECRE) amounts to 45 kcal/mol. The large positive ECRE values strongly confirm the unprecedented double Möbius aromaticity in Pa2B2. We anticipate that this new type of aromatic molecule can enrich the concept of Möbius aromaticity and open a new avenue for actinide compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Lin
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
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24
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Li Q, Hua Y, Tang C, Chen D, Luo M, Xia H. Isolation, Reactivity, and Tunable Properties of a Strained Antiaromatic Osmacycle. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7580-7591. [PMID: 36952602 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Strain and antiaromaticity in compounds are recognized as two substantial destabilizing features, and consequently, realization of dual destabilizing features in a single molecule is challenging and far more difficult in a single ring. Moreover, transformation of an antiaromatic framework to different antiaromatic or aromatic species is a significant subject in antiaromatic chemistry and has attracted increasing interest. In this work, we isolated a highly strained antiaromatic metallacycle in which a cyclic metal vinylidene unit is embedded. Computational studies revealed its ring strain energies and antiaromatic character and showed that the metal incorporation and the phosphonium substituents play a crucial role in its stabilization. The mechanism of its formation has been illustrated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the isolation of a key intermediate. We further discovered diverse reactivities and structural reshuffling of this unusual strained antiaromatic complex according to its two destabilizing characters. We obtained two isomers of metallaindenes fused with oxiranes from the direct oxidation of the metal vinylidene or by nucleophilic addition to an isolated metallacyclocumulene formed by the reaction of metal vinylidene with hydroxide ion, achieving a reconfiguration of the antiaromatic framework. Transformations of the antiaromatic metallacycle by electrophiles to various aromatic metallaindynes have been achieved, and that a condensed Fukui function was employed to confirm the regioselectivity of the electrophilic additions, and the acid/base-induced aromaticity switch along with tunable photophysical properties were investigated. These interesting transformations not only enrich the chemistry of metal vinylidenes and antiaromatics and could also perform potentially as switchable optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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25
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Chu Z, Li J, Hua Y, Luo M, Chen D, Xia H. Hetero-carbolong chemistry: experimental and theoretical studies of diaza-metallapentalenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4173-4176. [PMID: 36939834 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00029j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Four diaza-osmapentalenes were prepared by two-step reactions, through the treatment of an alkyne-coordinated osmium complex with azo compounds, followed by the addition of AgSbF6/CO. Their aromaticity was confirmed by crystal parameters, NMR spectra and theoretical calculations. These complexes are the first diaza-metallapentalenes representing a new class of metallaaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Chu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinhua Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Luo M, Chen D, Li Q, Xia H. Unique Properties and Emerging Applications of Carbolong Metallaaromatics. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:924-937. [PMID: 36718118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusAromatic compounds are important in synthetic chemistry, biomedicines, and materials science. As a special type of aromatic complex, transition-metal-based metallaaromatics contain at least one transition metal in an aromatic framework. The chemistry of metallaaromatics has seen much progress in computational studies and synthetic methods, but their properties and applications are still emerging. In recent years, we have disclosed a series of metal-centered conjugated polycyclic metallacycles in which a carbon chain is chelated to a metal center through at least three metal-carbon bonds. These are termed carbolong complexes and exhibit good stability to water, oxygen, light, and heat on account of their polydentate chelation and aromaticity, making them easy to handle. Carbolong complexes are not only special π-conjugated aromatics but also organometallics; therefore, they have the properties of both species. In this Account, we showcase the recent advances in their applications based on their different properties.First, carbolong complexes are a special kind of π-conjugated aromatic, with the ability to transmit electrons, allowing them to function as single-molecule conductors and candidates for electron transporting layer materials (ETLs) in solar cells. A series of carbolong complexes have been proved to be useful as achievable ETLs which enhance device performance in both organic solar cells and perovskite solar cells.Second, due to the involvement of d orbitals in the conjugation, carbolong complexes normally exhibit strong and broad absorption, even in some cases extending to the near-infrared region (NIR). The absorbed optical energy can be converted into light, heat, and ultrasound; consequently, carbolong compounds can be used as core moieties in smart materials. For example, 7C carbolong complexes were found to exhibit aggregation-enhanced near-infrared emission (AIEE). Some 12C carbolong complexes have been designed into the core moieties of NIR-responsive polymers, such as cylindrical NIR-responsive materials, self-healing materials, and shape memory materials. In contrast to the stereotypically toxic osmium compounds such as the highly toxic OsO4, some osmium carbolong complexes exhibit low cell cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility; consequently, they also have potential applications in the biomedical area. For example, benefiting from broad absorption in the NIR, 9C and 12C carbolong complexes have been used in photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy, respectively. In addition, photodynamic therapeutic applications which take advantage of a carbolong peroxo complex are discussed.Third, as special transition-metal complexes chelated by carbon-based ligands, a carbolong peroxo complex has displayed catalytic activity in the dehydrogenation of alcohols and a bimetallic carbolong complex has been used to catalyze difunctionalization reactions of unactivated alkenes.Overall, aromatic carbolong complexes have been applied to photovoltaics, smart materials, phototherapy, and catalytic reactions. Moving forward, we hope that this Account will shed light on future studies and theoretical research and encourage more discoveries of the properties of other metallaaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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27
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Talavera M, Pereira-Cameselle R, Peña-Gallego Á, Vázquez-Carballo I, Prieto I, Alonso-Gómez JL, Bolaño S. Optical and electrochemical properties of spirobifluorene iridanaphthalene complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:487-493. [PMID: 36504193 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03465d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three new spirobifluorene iridaaromatic compounds bearing electron-withdrawing or electron-donor substituents or another iridanaphthalene moiety have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Thorough experimental and theoretical evaluation revealed that these novel systems present a high thermal, air and electrochemical stability as well as low optical and electronic energy gap values with a significant redshift of the absorption maximum in the UV-Vis spectra and predicted remarkably higher first hyperpolarizabilities compared to their organic counterparts. Therefore, the combination of a metallaaromatic system with a spirobifluorene moiety leads to the design and development of new spirobifluorene derivatives. These new systems have shown interesting optical and electronic properties making them of interest for future applications in optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Talavera
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Raquel Pereira-Cameselle
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ángeles Peña-Gallego
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Física, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Irene Vázquez-Carballo
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Prieto
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Física, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain.,Metallosupramolecular Chemistry Group Galicia South Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur) SERGAS-UVIGO, Galicia, Spain
| | - J Lorenzo Alonso-Gómez
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sandra Bolaño
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
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28
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Fei Yang X, Zhang MX, Bin Fu D, Wang Y, Yin J, Hua Liu S. Pentacyclic and Hexacyclic Osmaarynes and Their Derivatives. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202334. [PMID: 36198664 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although osmabenzyne, osmanaphthalyne, osmaphenanthryne, and osmaanthracyne have been previously reported, the synthesis of polycyclic osmaarynes is still a challenge. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of the first pentacyclic osmaarynes (pyreno[b]osmabenzynes 1 a and 2 a) and hexacyclic osmaaryne (peryleno[b]osmabenzyne 3 a). Nucleophilic reaction of osmaarynes was used to obtain the corresponding pyreno[b]osmium complexes (1 and 2) and peryleno[b] osmium complex (3), which exhibited near-infrared luminescence and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties. Complexes 2 and 3 are resistant to photodegradation, and complex 2 has better photothermal conversion properties than 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of, Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, 430205, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - De Bin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
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29
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Huang F, Yan Z, Zheng X, Cai Y, Zhang H, Xia H. One‐Pot Synthesis of High‐Strained Metal Vinylidene and Metal Carbyne. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201229. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhewei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xuejuan Zheng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yapeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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30
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Li J, Chu Z, Lu Z, Luo M, Chen D, Xia H. Reactivity Studies of a Hydroxy-Substituted Irida-carbolong Complex. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Chu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Wang Z, Fang Y, Lin H, Zhao G, Yan W, Ma Z, Li Q, Zhang J. Bucket Effect to Improve Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Response on Metal‐Heteroaromatic Compounds. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P.R. China
| | - Yu‐Hui Fang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Huaxing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Guoxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Weiyin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Zuju Ma
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering Yantai University Yantai 264005 P.R. China
| | - Qiao‐Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
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32
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Chen S, Peng L, Liu Y, Gao X, Zhang Y, Tang C, Zhai Z, Yang L, Wu W, He X, Liu LL, He F, Xia H. Conjugated polymers based on metalla-aromatic building blocks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203701119. [PMID: 35858304 PMCID: PMC9303910 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203701119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers usually require strategies to expand the range of wavelengths absorbed and increase solubility. Developing effective strategies to enhance both properties remains challenging. Herein, we report syntheses of conjugated polymers based on a family of metalla-aromatic building blocks via a polymerization method involving consecutive carbyne shuttling processes. The involvement of metal d orbitals in aromatic systems efficiently reduces band gaps and enriches the electron transition pathways of the chromogenic repeat unit. These enable metalla-aromatic conjugated polymers to exhibit broad and strong ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption bands. Bulky ligands on the metal suppress π-π stacking of polymer chains and thus increase solubility. These conjugated polymers show robust stability toward light, heat, water, and air. Kinetic studies using NMR experiments and UV-Vis spectroscopy, coupled with the isolation of well-defined model oligomers, revealed the polymerization mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Lixia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chun Tang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Zhenghao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Liulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Weitai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xumin He
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
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33
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Qiu R, Wu J, Zhu J. Stabilizing a 20-Electron Metallaazulyne by Aromaticity. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9073-9081. [PMID: 35675659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 18-electron rule states that metal complexes with 18 valence electron metal centers are thermodynamically stable because nine valence orbitals of transition metals including one s orbital, three p orbitals, and five d orbitals can collectively accommodate 18 electrons, achieving the same electron configuration as the noble gas in the period. Thus, 20-electron compounds are extremely rare due to a violation of such a rule. Here, we demonstrate a 20-electron metallaazulyne via density functional theory calculations stabilized by aromaticity, which was supported by various aromaticity indices including nucleus-independent chemical shift, anisotropy of the induced current density, the isochemical shielding surface, and electron density of delocalized bonds. Interestingly, when a transition metal fragment is first introduced into the aromatic azulyne molecule, the resulting osmaazulyne becomes antiaromatic, in sharp contrast to the previous transformation from pentalyne to metallapentalyne. More interestingly, when osmaazulyne is reduced by two electrons, the resulting 20e osmaazulyne becomes aromatic. Our findings highlight an important application of aromaticity in stabilizing 20e species, inviting experimental verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiashun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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34
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Xu B, Mao W, Wu C, Li J, Lu Z, Luo M, Chen D, Xia H. A
One‐Pot
Strategy for the Synthesis of
β
‐Substituted
Rhoda‐ and
Irida‐Carbolong
Complexes. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Mao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Wu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
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35
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Wang X, Lin X, Qiu H, Xie J, Lu Z, Wang Y, Wu W. Light-mediated CO2-responsiveness of metallopolymer microgels. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Cui FH, Hua Y, Lin YM, Fei J, Gao LH, Zhao X, Xia H. Selective Difunctionalization of Unactivated Aliphatic Alkenes Enabled by a Metal–Metallaaromatic Catalytic System. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2301-2310. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Hu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jiawei Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Le-Han Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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37
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Ye Q, Zhu J. Structure, bonding and adaptive aromaticity in rhenium-oxo complexes: a DFT study. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00911k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The concept of adaptive aromaticity has been extended to a rhenium-oxo complex, introducing a new member into this novel family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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38
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Cao Q, Wang P, Cai Y, Hua Y, Zheng S, Cheng X, HE G, Wen TB, Chen J. Synthesis and Characterization of Rhena[10]annulynes. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00463a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Most of the reported metallacycles were limited to small cyclic complexes that contain six-membered or smaller rings. Larger-membered metallacycles are still rare and mainly focus on the dimetallacycles. Herein, we...
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39
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Wang Z, Yan W, Zhao G, Wu K, Gu ZG, Li QH, Zhang J. Novel Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Materials with Craig-Möbius Aromaticity. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11784-11789. [PMID: 34860027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electron delocalization in aromatic materials significantly impacts their third-order nonlinear optics (NLO). Despite organometallic complexes with Craig-Möbius aromaticity attracting great attention for their unusual physicochemical properties, their third-order NLO have been little studied to date. Herein, 12 Craig-Möbius aromatic organometallics with a stable structure similar to osmapentalyne, namely, carbolong complexes, are screened by DFT. They exhibit high third-order NLO responses because of the d and p electron delocalization in the organometallic ring. Furthermore, electron-hole distribution analyses draw a conclusion that extending the conjugated plane will increase the π-conjugation system to enhance the local excitation in the plane, and the introduction of typical aromatic ligands can result in the organometallic ring-to-ligand charge transfer (RLCT), which are effective methods to improve the third-order NLO response. This study opens a new window in the application of Craig-Möbius aromatic complexes and provides a new approach for third-order NLO materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Weiyin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Guoxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Kechen Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
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40
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Sun Y, Zhou Y, Bai W, Li Y, Wang Y. Metalla-phenalene complexes: synthesis, structure and aromaticity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:435-438. [PMID: 34901974 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metallaaromatics show a diversity of aromaticity. In this work, we report the synthesis and structural characterization of the first rhena-phenalene complexes. In addition to the Hückel aromaticity and σ-aromaticity, pseudo π anti-aromaticity is observed. DFT computations show that this anti-aromaticity (paramagnetic properties) is induced by the fused aromatic naphthyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, 188 Daxue East Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530006, P. R. China
| | - Wei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, P. R. China
| | - Yilun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, P. R. China
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41
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Holland EK, Thorley KJ, Parkin SR, Anthony JE. Revisiting the Octadehydro[12]annulenes. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma K. Holland
- Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40509 USA
| | - Karl J. Thorley
- Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40509 USA
| | - Sean R. Parkin
- Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40509 USA
| | - John E. Anthony
- Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40509 USA
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42
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Wang H, Lin Y, Chen S, Ruan Y, Xia H. Metallacycle Expansion and Annulation: Access to
Tetrazolo‐Fused
Osmacycles by Reaction of Cyclic Osmium Carbyne with Sodium Azide. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yu‐Mei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yonghong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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43
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Kashida J, Shoji Y, Ikabata Y, Taka H, Sakai H, Hasobe T, Nakai H, Fukushima T. An Air- and Water-Stable B 4 N 4 -Heteropentalene Serving as a Host Material for a Phosphorescent OLED. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23812-23818. [PMID: 34467608 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of the carbon-carbon bonds of antiaromatic compounds with polar boron-nitrogen bonds often provides isoelectronic BN compounds with excellent thermodynamic stability and interesting photophysical properties. By this element-substitution strategy, we synthesized a new B4 N4 -heteropentalene derivative, 1, which is fully substituted with mesityl groups. Owing to kinetic protection by the sterically bulky substituents, 1 is remarkably stable toward air and even water. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of 1 revealed the bonding characteristics of the B4 N4 -heteropentalene structure. In a glassy matrix, 1 emitted short-wavelength phosphorescence with an onset at 350 nm, indicating that the triplet energy is substantially high. DFT calculations reasonably explained the ground- and excited-state electronic structures of 1 as well as its emission properties. Motivated by the high-energy triplet state of 1, we used it as a host material to fabricate a phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode with an external quantum efficiency of 15 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Kashida
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikabata
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.,Present address: Information and Media Center, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Hideo Taka
- Konica Minolta, Ishikawa-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8505, Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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44
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Kashida J, Shoji Y, Ikabata Y, Taka H, Sakai H, Hasobe T, Nakai H, Fukushima T. An Air‐ and Water‐Stable B
4
N
4
‐Heteropentalene Serving as a Host Material for a Phosphorescent OLED. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junki Kashida
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikabata
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Present address: Information and Media Center Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 Japan
| | - Hideo Taka
- Konica Minolta, Ishikawa-cho, Hachioji Tokyo 192-8505 Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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45
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Tang C, Zhao Y, Wu J, Chen Z, Liu LL, Tan YZ, Zhu J, Xia H. Releasing Antiaromaticity in Metal-Bridgehead Naphthalene. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15587-15592. [PMID: 34533932 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As a fundamental chemical property, aromaticity guides the synthesis of novel structures and materials. Replacing the carbon moieties of aromatic hydrocarbons with transition metal fragments is a promising strategy to synthesize intriguing organometallic counterparts with a similar aromaticity to their organic parents. However, since antiaromaticity will endow compound instability, it is a great challenge to obtain an antiaromatic organometallic counterpart based on such transition metal replacement in aromatic hydrocarbons. Here, we report an efficient aromaticity transformation on aromatic naphthalene through the bridgehead replacement of an osmium fragment, leading to the unprecedented synthesis of metal-bridgehead naphthalene featuring a highly twisted structure as confirmed by X-ray crystallography characterization. Such a twisted conformation works together with its phosphonium substituents to release the antiaromaticity in the planar conformation of the metal-bridgehead naphthalene. Our findings prove the bridgehead involvement of transition metals in unexpected aromaticity modifications and open an avenue for novel metal-bridgehead complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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46
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Cai Y, Hua Y, Lu Z, Lan Q, Lin Z, Fei J, Chen Z, Zhang H, Xia H. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions of compounds with Craig-Möbius aromaticity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2102310118. [PMID: 34544859 PMCID: PMC8488665 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102310118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) reactions are widely regarded as characteristic reactions of aromatic species, but no comparable reaction has been reported for molecules with Craig-Möbius aromaticity. Here, we demonstrate successful EAS reactions of Craig-Möbius aromatics, osmapentalenes, and fused osmapentalenes. The highly reactive nature of osmapentalene makes it susceptible to electrophilic attack by halogens, thus osmapentalene, osmafuran-fused osmapentalene, and osmabenzene-fused osmapentalene can undergo typical EAS reactions. In addition, the selective formation of a series of halogen substituted metalla-aromatics via EAS reactions has revealed an unprecedented approach to otherwise elusive compounds such as the unsaturated cyclic chlorirenium ions. Density functional theory calculations were conducted to study the electronic effect on the regioselectivity of the EAS reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
| | - Yuhui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China 518005
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China 518005
| | - Qing Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
| | - Zuzhang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
| | - Jiawei Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
| | - Zhixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005;
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005;
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China 518005
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47
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Vignesh A, Zhang Q, Khan AA, Li Z, Salohiddinov S, Ma Y, Wang J, Sun WH. Exploring an aggregation induced emission behaviour of neutral iridium complexes consisting of salicylaldimine ligand with dibenzosuberane core. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Li J, Lu Z, Hua Y, Chen D, Xia H. Carbolong chemistry: nucleophilic aromatic substitution of a triflate functionalized iridapentalene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8464-8467. [PMID: 34346430 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03261e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the triflate functionalized iridapentalene 1, [Ir{[double bond, length as m-dash]CHC(CH2C(CO2Me)2CH2)[double bond, length as m-dash]CC[double bond, length as m-dash]CHC(OTf)[double bond, length as m-dash]CH}(CO)(PPh3)2]OTf, with C-, N-, O- and S-centered neutral nucleophiles was studied, leading to the isolation of a wide array of irida-carbolong derivatives. As an extension, a polycyclic complex with a rare six-fused-ring structure was constructed. This strategy provides a new route for the construction of functionalized metallaaromatic complexes, and the resulting iridacycles exhibit broad spectral absorption ranges, making them potential photoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
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49
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Liu S, Zhang MX, Yang X, Zhang K, Yin J. Osmaindenes: Synthesis and Reversible Mechanochromism Characteristics. Chemistry 2021; 27:14645-14652. [PMID: 34350652 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel osmaindenes 1 - 6 bearing different substituents (CF 3 , H, I, Br, OCH 3 , N(Ph) 2 ) has been synthesized by nucleophilic reaction of water with the corresponding aromatic osmanaphthalyne complexes. All osmaindenes 1 - 6 have been characterized by elemental analysis (EA) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, although the low solubilities of 3 and 4 precluded the accumulation of their 13 C NMR spectra. Osmaindenes 2 , 3 and 5 have also been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Subsequently, through solid-state fluorescence spectroscopy, mechanochromic studies, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, we found that osmaindenes 1 - 6 fluoresce at wavelengths in the range 500-800 nm, while also displaying reversible mechanochromic properties. The solid-state fluorescence emission of 1 after grinding extends into the near-infrared region. This research provides new insight into the design and synthesis of metallic materials with excellent mechanochromic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Liu
- Central China Normal University, college of chemistry, luoyu road 152, 430079, Wuhan, CHINA
| | - Ming-Xing Zhang
- Central China Normal University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Central China Normal University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Kunming Zhang
- Central China Normal University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Jun Yin
- Central China Normal University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
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50
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Yeung CF, Shek HL, Yiu SM, Tse MK, Wong CY. Controlled Activation of Dipicolinyl-Substituted Propargylic Alcohol by Ru(II) and Os(II) for Unprecedented Indolizine-Fused Metallafuran Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hau-Lam Shek
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Man-Kit Tse
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
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