1
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Terada M, Iwasaki Z, Yazaki R, Umemiya S, Kikuchi J. Development of a flow photochemical process for a π-Lewis acidic metal-catalyzed cyclization/radical addition sequence: in situ-generated 2-benzopyrylium as photoredox catalyst and reactive intermediate. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1973-1980. [PMID: 39161711 PMCID: PMC11331546 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A flow photochemical reaction system for a π-Lewis acidic metal-catalyzed cyclization/radical addition sequence was developed, which utilizes in situ-generated 2-benzopyrylium intermediates as the photoredox catalyst and electrophilic substrates. The key 2-benzopyrylium intermediates were generated in the flow reaction system through the intramolecular cyclization of ortho-carbonyl alkynylbenzene derivatives by the π-Lewis acidic metal catalyst AgNTf2 and the subsequent proto-demetalation with trifluoroacetic acid. The 2-benzopyrylium intermediates underwent further photoreactions with benzyltrimethylsilane derivatives as the donor molecule in the flow photoreactor to provide 1H-isochromene derivatives in higher yields in most cases than the batch reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Zen Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Umemiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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2
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Jinda H, Watanabe H, Nakashima K, Ono M. Application of Microfluidic Devices for Automated Two-Step Radiolabeling of Antibodies. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2024; 67:341-348. [PMID: 39107085 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Radioimmunoconjugates (RICs) composed of tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies and radionuclides have been developed for diagnostic and therapeutic application. A new radiolabeling method using microfluidic devices is expected to facilitate simpler and more rapid synthesis of RICs. In the microfluidic method, microfluidic chips can promote the reaction between reactants by mixing them efficiently, and pumping systems enable automated synthesis. In this study, we synthesized RICs by the pre-labeling method, in which the radiometal is coordinated to the chelator and then the radiolabeled chelator is incorporated into the antibodies, using microfluidic devices for the first time. As a result of examining the reaction parameters including the material of mixing units, reaction temperature, and flow rate, RICs with radiochemical purity (RCP) exceeding 90% were obtained. These high-purity RICs were successfully synthesized without any purification simply by pumping three solutions of a chelating agent, radiometal, and antibody into microfluidic devices. Under the same conditions, the RCP of RICs labeled by conventional methods was below 50%. These findings indicate the utility of microfluidic devices for automatic and rapid synthesis of high-quality RICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Jinda
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuma Nakashima
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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3
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Ma L, Zhao X, Hou J, Huang L, Yao Y, Ding Z, Wei J, Hao N. Droplet Microfluidic Devices: Working Principles, Fabrication Methods, and Scale-Up Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301406. [PMID: 38594964 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Compared with the conventional emulsification method, droplets generated within microfluidic devices exhibit distinct advantages such as precise control of fluids, exceptional monodispersity, uniform morphology, flexible manipulation, and narrow size distribution. These inherent benefits, including intrinsic safety, excellent heat and mass transfer capabilities, and large surface-to-volume ratio, have led to the widespread applications of droplet-based microfluidics across diverse fields, encompassing chemical engineering, particle synthesis, biological detection, diagnostics, emulsion preparation, and pharmaceuticals. However, despite its promising potential for versatile applications, the practical utilization of this technology in commercial and industrial is extremely limited to the inherently low production rates achievable within a single microchannel. Over the past two decades, droplet-based microfluidics has evolved significantly, considerably transitioning from a proof-of-concept stage to industrialization. And now there is a growing trend towards translating academic research into commercial and industrial applications, primarily driven by the burgeoning demands of various fields. This paper comprehensively reviews recent advancements in droplet-based microfluidics, covering the fundamental working principles and the critical aspect of scale-up integration from working principles to scale-up integration. Based on the existing scale-up strategies, the paper also outlines the future research directions, identifies the potential opportunities, and addresses the typical unsolved challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jinjia Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Nanjing Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
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4
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Koball A, Obst F, Gaitzsch J, Voit B, Appelhans D. Boosting Microfluidic Enzymatic Cascade Reactions with pH-Responsive Polymersomes by Spatio-Chemical Activity Control. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400282. [PMID: 38989686 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic flow reactors permit the implementation of sensitive biocatalysts in polymeric environments (e.g., hydrogel dots), mimicking nature through the use of diverse microstructures within defined confinements. However, establishing complex hybrid structures to mimic biological processes and functions under continuous flow with optimal utilization of all components involved in the reaction process represents a significant scientific challenge. To achieve spatial, chemical, and temporal control for any microfluidic application, compartmentalization is required, as well as the unification of different sensitive compartments in the reaction chamber for the microfluidic flow design. This study presents a self-regulating microfluidic system fabricated by a sequential photostructuring process with an intermediate chemical process step to realize pH-sensitive hybrid structures for the fabrication of a microfluidic double chamber reactor for controlled enzymatic cascade reaction (ECR). The key point is the adaptation and retention of the function of pH-responsive horseradish peroxidase-loaded polymersomes in a microfluidic chip under continuous flow. ECR is successfully triggered and controlled by an interplay between glucose oxidase-converted glucose, the membrane state of pH-responsive polymersomes, and other parameters (e.g., flow rate and fluid composition). This study establishes a promising noninvasive regulatory platform for extended spatio-chemical control of current and future ECR and other cascade reaction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Koball
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Organische Chemie der Polymere, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Obst
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, Nöthnitzer Straße 64, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Gaitzsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Organische Chemie der Polymere, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Chen JS, Wang CM, Chiang PY, Lo LC, Liao WS. Spatially Mediated Paper Reactors for On-Site Multicoded Encryption. JACS AU 2024; 4:2151-2159. [PMID: 38938820 PMCID: PMC11200220 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
This report develops a point-of-use chemical trigger and applies it to a dual-functional chemical encryption chip that enables manual and digital identification with enhanced coding security levels suitable for on-site information verification. The concept relies on conducting continuous chemical synthesis and chromatographic separation of specified compounds on a paper device in a straightforward sketch. In addition to single-step chemical reactions, cascade syntheses and operations involving components of distinct mobilities are also demonstrated. The condensation of dione and hydrazine is first demonstrated on a linear paper reactor, where precursors can mix to react, followed by final product separation under optimized conditions. This linear paper reactor design can also support a multistep cascade Wittig reaction by controlling the relative mobility of reactants, intermediates, and final products. Furthermore, a three-dimensional paper reactor with appropriate mobile phases helps to initiate complex solvent system-driven azide-alkyne cycloaddition. By the use of a three-dimensional device design for spatially limited interdevice reactant transportation, reactants crossing designated boundaries trigger confined chemical reactions at specific positions. Accumulation of repetitive reactions leads to successful product gradient generation and mixing effects, representing a fully controllable intersubstrate chemical operation on the platform. Standing on initiating desired chemical reactions at particular interface regions, integration of appropriate selective reaction area, numerical digits overlay, color diversity, and mobile recognition realizes this dual-functional multicoding encryption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Syuan Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ming Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Chiang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Chiang Lo
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ssu Liao
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center
for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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6
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Chen Y, Wang R, Dong R, Kou J, Lu C. Optimization and Parameter Investigation of the Planar Photocatalytic Microreactor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:11590-11598. [PMID: 38776114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The microreactor could break the limitation of mass transfer and photon transmission in photocatalysis. Through a facile assembly method, a planar photocatalytic microreactor was constructed to fit most of the photocatalysts regardless of their strict preparation method. This microreactor exhibits a 2.41-fold efficiency compared to a bulk reactor. Parameters that affect the photocatalytic performance were discussed in detail by experiment and calculation. The diffusion rate is the main bottleneck in a planar microreactor under a laminar flow. The microreactor with lower height shows higher efficiency owing to faster mass transfer, while the length and width affect slightly. Elevating the light power density provides a diminishing benefit. Faster flow speed reduces the apparent degradation percent but increases the chemical reaction rate, in fact. The reaction rate increases to 9.31 times by reducing the height from 500 to 100 μm and grows another 1.76 times by adding the flow speed from 10 to 40 mL/h. This work illustrates the influence of parameters on planar photocatalytic microreactors and offers a promising prospect for large-volume photocatalytic water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ruizhe Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Rulin Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jiahui Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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7
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Sharma V, Mottafegh A, Joo JU, Kang JH, Wang L, Kim DP. Toward microfluidic continuous-flow and intelligent downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2861-2882. [PMID: 38751338 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01097j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals have emerged as powerful therapeutic agents, revolutionizing the treatment landscape for various diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, autoimmune and genetic disorders. These biotherapeutics pave the way for precision medicine with their unique and targeted capabilities. The production of high-quality biologics entails intricate manufacturing processes, including cell culture, fermentation, purification, and formulation, necessitating specialized facilities and expertise. These complex processes are subject to rigorous regulatory oversight to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and quality of biotherapeutics prior to clinical approval. Consequently, these drugs undergo extensive purification unit operations to achieve high purity by effectively removing impurities and contaminants. The field of personalized precision medicine necessitates the development of novel and highly efficient technologies. Microfluidic technology addresses unmet needs by enabling precise and compact separation, allowing rapid, integrated and continuous purification modules. Moreover, the integration of intelligent biomanufacturing systems with miniaturized devices presents an opportunity to significantly enhance the robustness of complex downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals, with the benefits of automation and advanced control. This allows seamless data exchange, real-time monitoring, and synchronization of purification steps, leading to improved process efficiency, data management, and decision-making. Integrating autonomous systems into biopharmaceutical purification ensures adherence to regulatory standards, such as good manufacturing practice (GMP), positioning the industry to effectively address emerging market demands for personalized precision nano-medicines. This perspective review will emphasize on the significance, challenges, and prospects associated with the adoption of continuous, integrated, and intelligent methodologies in small-scale downstream processing for various types of biologics. By utilizing microfluidic technology and intelligent systems, purification processes can be enhanced for increased efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory compliance, shaping the future of biopharmaceutical production and enabling the development of personalized and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Amirreza Mottafegh
- Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Un Joo
- Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Ho Kang
- Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Kang JH, Kim DP. Ultrafast Flow Synthesis of o-Functionalized Benzenesulfonyl Fluorides and Subsequent SuFEx Connections via Lithiated Chemistry. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38780078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein we present a flow-based, rapid, and straightforward approach to synthesize diverse functionalized sulfonyl fluorides by harnessing an aryllithium intermediate. The aryllithium intermediate was fully utilized under optimized conditions (0.016 s, -18 °C) to afford various functionalized sulfonyl fluorides and also intramolecular SuFEx cyclization products in high yields (27-94%). Furthermore, the integrated synthesis incorporating subsequent SuFEx connections with even unstable organolithium nucleophiles facilitated one-flow molecular assembly in high yields (42-72%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ho Kang
- Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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9
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Chu R, Wang Y, Kong J, Pan T, Yang Y, He J. Lipid nanoparticles as the drug carrier for targeted therapy of hepatic disorders. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4759-4784. [PMID: 38682294 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02766j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The liver, a complex and vital organ in the human body, is susceptible to various diseases, including metabolic disorders, acute hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In recent decades, these diseases have significantly contributed to global morbidity and mortality. Currently, liver transplantation remains the most effective treatment for hepatic disorders. Nucleic acid therapeutics offer a selective approach to disease treatment through diverse mechanisms, enabling the regulation of relevant genes and providing a novel therapeutic avenue for hepatic disorders. It is expected that nucleic acid drugs will emerge as the third generation of pharmaceuticals, succeeding small molecule drugs and antibody drugs. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent a crucial technology in the field of drug delivery and constitute a significant advancement in gene therapies. Nucleic acids encapsulated in LNPs are shielded from the degradation of enzymes and effectively delivered to cells, where they are released and regulate specific genes. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the structure, composition, and applications of LNPs in the treatment of hepatic disorders and offers insights into prospects and challenges in the future development of LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxuan Chu
- National Advanced Medical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tung, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Jianglong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tung, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Ting Pan
- National Advanced Medical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
- Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yani Yang
- National Advanced Medical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
| | - Jun He
- National Advanced Medical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
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10
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Liu Q, Wu C, Liu H, Wang M, Zhao C, Zhang F. Real-Time Monitoring of Multistep Batch and Flow Synthesis Processes of a Key Intermediate of Lifitegrast by a Combined Spectrometer System with Both Near-Infrared and Raman Spectroscopies Coupled to Partial Least-Squares. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20214-20222. [PMID: 38737057 PMCID: PMC11079892 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Process analytical technology (PAT) has been successfully applied in numerous chemical synthesis cases and is an important tool in pharmaceutical process research and development. PAT brings new methods and opportunities for the real-time monitoring of chemical processes. In multistep synthesis, real-time monitoring of the complex reaction mixtures is a significant challenge but provides an opportunity to enhance reaction understanding and control. In this study, a combined multichannel spectrometer system with both near-infrared and Raman spectroscopy was built, and calibration models were developed to quantify the desired products, intermediates, and impurities in real-time at multiple points along the synthetic pathway. The capabilities of the system have been demonstrated by operating dynamic experiments in both batch and continuous-flow processes. It represents a significant step forward in data-driven, multistep pharmaceutical ingredient synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, Minhang District, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanjun Wu
- Shanghai
Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China
State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Pudong District, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Huiting Liu
- Shanghai
PROXS Chemical Technology Co. Ltd., Pudong District, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Mengfei Wang
- Shanghai
Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China
State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Pudong District, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanmeng Zhao
- Shanghai
Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China
State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Pudong District, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Fuli Zhang
- Shanghai
Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China
State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Pudong District, 201203 Shanghai, China
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11
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Yu X, Park S, Lee S, Joo SW, Choo J. Microfluidics for disease diagnostics based on surface-enhanced raman scattering detection. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:17. [PMID: 38687445 PMCID: PMC11061072 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This review reports diverse microfluidic systems utilizing surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection for disease diagnosis. Integrating SERS detection technology, providing high-sensitivity detection, and microfluidic technology for manipulating small liquid samples in microdevices has expanded the analytical capabilities previously confined to larger settings. This study explores the principles and uses of various SERS-based microfluidic devices developed over the last two decades. Specifically, we investigate the operational principles of documented SERS-based microfluidic devices, including continuous-flow channels, microarray-embedded microfluidic channels, droplet microfluidic channels, digital droplet channels, and gradient microfluidic channels. We also examine their applications in biomedical diagnostics. In conclusion, we summarize the areas requiring further development to translate these SERS-based microfluidic technologies into practical applications in clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Sohyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Sungwoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea.
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.
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12
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Ahmadpour A, Shojaeian M, Tasoglu S. Deep learning-augmented T-junction droplet generation. iScience 2024; 27:109326. [PMID: 38510144 PMCID: PMC10951907 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Droplet generation technology has become increasingly important in a wide range of applications, including biotechnology and chemical synthesis. T-junction channels are commonly used for droplet generation due to their integration capability of a larger number of droplet generators in a compact space. In this study, a finite element analysis (FEA) approach is employed to simulate droplet production and its dynamic regimes in a T-junction configuration and collect data for post-processing analysis. Next, image analysis was performed to calculate the droplet length and determine the droplet generation regime. Furthermore, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms were applied to estimate outputs through examination of input parameters within the simulation range. At the end, a graphical user interface (GUI) was developed for estimation of the droplet characteristics based on inputs, enabling the users to preselect their designs with comparable microfluidic configurations within the studied range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Ahmadpour
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Mostafa Shojaeian
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Koç University Is Bank Artificial Intelligence Lab (KUIS AILab), Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul 34684, Türkiye
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13
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Zeng F, Pan Y, Wu M, Lu Q, Qin S, Gao Y, Luan X, Chen R, He G, Wang Y, He B, Chen Z, Song Y. Self-Metallized Whole Cell Vaccines Prepared by Microfluidics for Bioorthogonally Catalyzed Antitumor Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:7923-7936. [PMID: 38445625 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Tumor whole cell, carrying a complete set of tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific antigens, has shown great potential in the construction of tumor vaccines but is hindered by the complex engineering means and limited efficacy to cause immunity. Herein, we provided a strategy for the self-mineralization of autologous tumor cells with palladium ions in microfluidic droplets, which endowed the engineered cells with both immune and catalytic functions, to establish a bioorthogonally catalytic tumor whole-cell vaccine. This vaccine showed strong inhibition both in the occurrence and recurrence of tumor by invoking the immediate antitumor immunity and building a long-term immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zeng
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongchun Pan
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengnan Wu
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Food Safety and Environment Monitoring, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qianglan Lu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shurong Qin
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaowei Luan
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruiyue Chen
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guanzhong He
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Key Laboratoty of Flexible Electronics& Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bangshun He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Food Safety and Environment Monitoring, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yujun Song
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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14
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Zhou J, Dong J, Hou H, Huang L, Li J. High-throughput microfluidic systems accelerated by artificial intelligence for biomedical applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1307-1326. [PMID: 38247405 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01012k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
High-throughput microfluidic systems are widely used in biomedical fields for tasks like disease detection, drug testing, and material discovery. Despite the great advances in automation and throughput, the large amounts of data generated by the high-throughput microfluidic systems generally outpace the abilities of manual analysis. Recently, the convergence of microfluidic systems and artificial intelligence (AI) has been promising in solving the issue by significantly accelerating the process of data analysis as well as improving the capability of intelligent decision. This review offers a comprehensive introduction on AI methods and outlines the current advances of high-throughput microfluidic systems accelerated by AI, covering biomedical detection, drug screening, and automated system control and design. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities in this field are critically discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jianpei Dong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Lu Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shenzhen 518054, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing 102209, China
- Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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15
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Domingues C, Meirinho R, Rodrigues RG, Fortes AM, Chu V, Conde JP. Competitive Immunoassay in a Microfluidic Biochip for In-Field Detection of Abscisic Acid in Grapes. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:123. [PMID: 38534230 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Viticulture and associated products are an important part of the economy in many countries. However, biotic and abiotic stresses impact negatively the production of grapes and wine. Climate change is in many aspects increasing both these stresses. Routine sample retrievals and analysis tend to be time-consuming and require expensive equipment and skilled personnel to operate. These challenges could be overcome through the development of a miniaturized analytic device for early detection of grapevine stresses in the field. Abscisic acid is involved in several plant processes, including the onset of fruit ripening and tolerance mechanisms against drought stress. This hormone can be detected through a competitive immunoassay and is found in plants in concentrations up to 10-1 mg/mL. A microfluidic platform is developed in this work which can detect a minimum of 10-11 mg/mL of abscisic acid in buffer. Grape samples were tested using the microfluidic system alongside benchmark techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography. The microfluidic system could detect the increase to 10-5 mg/mL of abscisic acid present in real berry samples at the veraison stage of ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Domingues
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC-MN), Rua Alves Redol, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Meirinho
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC-MN), Rua Alves Redol, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rodolfo G Rodrigues
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC-MN), Rua Alves Redol, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Fortes
- Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Virginia Chu
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC-MN), Rua Alves Redol, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Conde
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC-MN), Rua Alves Redol, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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16
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Kato S, Carlson DW, Shen AQ, Guo Y. Twisted fiber microfluidics: a cutting-edge approach to 3D spiral devices. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:14. [PMID: 38259519 PMCID: PMC10800335 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The development of 3D spiral microfluidics has opened new avenues for leveraging inertial focusing to analyze small fluid volumes, thereby advancing research across chemical, physical, and biological disciplines. While traditional straight microchannels rely solely on inertial lift forces, the novel spiral geometry generates Dean drag forces, eliminating the necessity for external fields in fluid manipulation. Nevertheless, fabricating 3D spiral microfluidics remains a labor-intensive and costly endeavor, hindering its widespread adoption. Moreover, conventional lithographic methods primarily yield 2D planar devices, thereby limiting the selection of materials and geometrical configurations. To address these challenges, this work introduces a streamlined fabrication method for 3D spiral microfluidic devices, employing rotational force within a miniaturized thermal drawing process, termed as mini-rTDP. This innovation allows for rapid prototyping of twisted fiber-based microfluidics featuring versatility in material selection and heightened geometric intricacy. To validate the performance of these devices, we combined computational modeling with microtomographic particle image velocimetry (μTPIV) to comprehensively characterize the 3D flow dynamics. Our results corroborate the presence of a steady secondary flow, underscoring the effectiveness of our approach. Our 3D spiral microfluidics platform paves the way for exploring intricate microflow dynamics, with promising applications in areas such as drug delivery, diagnostics, and lab-on-a-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kato
- Department of Electrical, Information and Physics Engineering, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579 Miyagi Japan
| | - Daniel W. Carlson
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Kunigami-gun, 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Amy Q. Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Kunigami-gun, 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0845 Miyagi Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579 Miyagi Japan
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Miyagi Japan
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17
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Lashkaripour A, McIntyre DP, Calhoun SGK, Krauth K, Densmore DM, Fordyce PM. Design automation of microfluidic single and double emulsion droplets with machine learning. Nat Commun 2024; 15:83. [PMID: 38167827 PMCID: PMC10761910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics enables kHz screening of picoliter samples at a fraction of the cost of other high-throughput approaches. However, generating stable droplets with desired characteristics typically requires labor-intensive empirical optimization of device designs and flow conditions that limit adoption to specialist labs. Here, we compile a comprehensive droplet dataset and use it to train machine learning models capable of accurately predicting device geometries and flow conditions required to generate stable aqueous-in-oil and oil-in-aqueous single and double emulsions from 15 to 250 μm at rates up to 12000 Hz for different fluids commonly used in life sciences. Blind predictions by our models for as-yet-unseen fluids, geometries, and device materials yield accurate results, establishing their generalizability. Finally, we generate an easy-to-use design automation tool that yield droplets within 3 μm (<8%) of the desired diameter, facilitating tailored droplet-based platforms and accelerating their utility in life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Lashkaripour
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - David P McIntyre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Karl Krauth
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Douglas M Densmore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Polly M Fordyce
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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18
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Huanbutta K, Sriamornsak P, Suwanpitak K, Klinchuen N, Deebugkum T, Teppitak V, Sangnim T. Key Fabrications of Chitosan Nanoparticles for Effective Drug Delivery Using Flow Chemistry Reactors. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7889-7900. [PMID: 38146468 PMCID: PMC10749571 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s433756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chitosan nanoparticles have garnered considerable interest in the field of drug delivery owing to their distinctive properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and ability to encapsulate a wide range of drugs. However, the conventional methods (eg, the drop method) for synthesizing chitosan nanoparticles often face limitations in regard to controlling the particle size, morphology, and scalability, hindering their extensive application in drug delivery systems. To overcome these challenges, this study explores using a novel flow chemistry reactor design for fabricating clindamycin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Methods By varying two critical operating parameters of flow chemistry, namely, the flow rate ratio and total flow rate, the impact of these parameters on the properties of chitosan nanoparticles is investigated using a central composite experimental design. Results The optimized conditions for nanoparticle preparation yielded remarkable results, with chitosan nanoparticles exhibiting a small size of 371.60 nm and an extremely low polydispersity index of 0.042. Furthermore, using novel design flow chemistry reactor, the productivity of chitosan nanoparticles was estimated to be 25,402.17 mg/min, which was ~12.71 times higher than that obtained via batch synthesis. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that the use of novel design flow chemistry reactor is promising for synthesizing clindamycin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and other polymeric nanoparticles intended for drug delivery applications. This is primarily attributed to their ability to produce nanoparticles with a considerably reduced particle size distribution and smaller overall size. The demonstrated high productivity of this technique suggests the potential for industrial-scale nanoparticle manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kampanart Huanbutta
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Pornsak Sriamornsak
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
- Academy of Science, the Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Kittipat Suwanpitak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Nattapat Klinchuen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Thanapat Deebugkum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Vasanchai Teppitak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Tanikan Sangnim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
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19
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Kim B, Kumar S, Chon B, Son HJ, Kang SO, Seo S. Facile microfluidic synthesis of monodispersed size-controllable quantum dot (QD) microbeads using custom developed QD photoresist. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17473-17481. [PMID: 37861429 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03544a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent microbeads (MBs) are widely used as next-generation biosensors for the detection of target chemicals at highly sensitive concentrations, and for imaging and tracking in vitro and in vivo. However, most known methods for producing fluorescent MBs require complicated multistep processes that result in low production rates. In this study, we report a method for fabricating micrometer-sized quantum dot microbeads (QD-MBs) using a microfluidic chip and specially designed QD photoresist (QD-PR). This on-demand lab-on-a-chip method yielded monodispersed QD-MBs ranging from 1.89 to 33 μm with a coefficient of variation of less than 10%. The size distribution of the fabricated QD-MBs was Gaussian with a peak around the mean diameter and a spread of sizes around the peak. Compared with nanoscale QDs, the fabricated QD-MBs showed no emission loss. The full-width at half-maximum of the emission peak of the QD-MBs was smaller than that of the colloidal QDs, indicating a more uniform distribution and a higher density of QDs within the MB structure. In addition, we investigated the microfluidic flow regime that yielded the most uniform and controllable QD-MB. The MBs in the dripping regime were spherical and monodisperse, with an excellent particle size distribution. In this study, we present a simple and effective strategy for producing QD-MBs with controllable sizes, which can be crucial in diverse fields such as biosensing, drug delivery, and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongseok Kim
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Samir Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bumsoo Chon
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ook Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyu Seo
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Qiu J, Li J, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Nie B, Qi G, Zhang X, Zhang J, Wei R. 3D Printing of Individualized Microfluidic Chips with DLP-Based Printer. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6984. [PMID: 37959581 PMCID: PMC10650121 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic chips have shown their potential for applications in fields such as chemistry and biology, and 3D printing is increasingly utilized as the fabrication method for microfluidic chips. To address key issues such as the long printing time for conventional 3D printing of a single chip and the demand for rapid response in individualized microfluidic chip customization, we have optimized the use of DLP (digital light processing) technology, which offers faster printing speeds due to its surface exposure method. In this study, we specifically focused on developing a fast-manufacturing process for directly printing microfluidic chips, addressing the high cost of traditional microfabrication processes and the lengthy production times associated with other 3D printing methods for microfluidic chips. Based on the designed three-dimensional chip model, we utilized a DLP-based printer to directly print two-dimensional and three-dimensional microfluidic chips with photosensitive resin. To overcome the challenge of clogging in printing microchannels, we proposed a printing method that combined an open-channel design with transparent adhesive tape sealing. This method enables the rapid printing of microfluidic chips with complex and intricate microstructures. This research provides a crucial foundation for the development of microfluidic chips in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiang Qiu
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junfu Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhongwei Guo
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yudong Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bangbang Nie
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guochen Qi
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiong Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronghan Wei
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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21
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Srivastava K, Boyle ND, Flaman GT, Ramaswami B, van den Berg A, van der Stam W, Burgess IJ, Odijk M. In situ spatiotemporal characterization and analysis of chemical reactions using an ATR-integrated microfluidic reactor. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4690-4700. [PMID: 37818681 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00521f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Determining kinetic reaction parameters with great detail has been of utmost importance in the field of chemical reaction engineering. However, commonly used experimental and computational methods however are unable to provide sufficiently resolved spatiotemporal information that can aid in the process of understanding these chemical reactions. With our work, we demonstrate the use of a custom designed single-bounce ATR-integrated microfluidic reactor to obtain spatiotemporal resolution for in situ monitoring of chemical reactions. Having a single-bounce ATR accessory allows us to individually address different sensing areas, thereby providing the ability to obtain spatially and temporally resolved information. To further enhance the spatial resolution, we utilize the benefits of synchrotron IR radiation with the smallest beam spot-size ∼150 μm. An on-flow modular microreactor additionally allows us to monitor the chemical reaction in situ, where the temporal characterization can be controlled with the operational flowrate. With a unique combination of experimental measurements and numerical simulations, we characterize and analyse a model SN2 reaction. For a chemical reaction between benzyl bromide (BB) and sodium azide (SA) to produce benzyl azide (BA), we successfully show the capability of our device to determine the diffusion coefficients of BB and SA as 0.367 ± 0.115 10-9 m2 s-1 and 1.17 ± 0.723 10-9 m2 s-1, respectively. Finally, with the above characteristics of our device, we also calculate a reaction rate of k = 0.0005 (m3s-1mol-1) for the given chemical reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Srivastava
- BIOS Lab on Chip Group, Mesa+ Institute of Nanotechnology and Max Planck Institute of Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - N D Boyle
- Burgess Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan Canada, Canada.
| | - G T Flaman
- Burgess Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan Canada, Canada.
| | - B Ramaswami
- Burgess Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan Canada, Canada.
| | - A van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on Chip Group, Mesa+ Institute of Nanotechnology and Max Planck Institute of Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - W van der Stam
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - I J Burgess
- Burgess Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan Canada, Canada.
| | - M Odijk
- BIOS Lab on Chip Group, Mesa+ Institute of Nanotechnology and Max Planck Institute of Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
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22
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Li M, Yue L, Rajan AC, Yu L, Sahu H, Montgomery SM, Ramprasad R, Qi HJ. Low-temperature 3D printing of transparent silica glass microstructures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi2958. [PMID: 37792949 PMCID: PMC10550221 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Transparent silica glass is one of the most essential materials used in society and industry, owing to its exceptional optical, thermal, and chemical properties. However, glass is extremely difficult to shape, especially into complex and miniaturized structures. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing have allowed for the creation of glass structures, but these methods involve time-consuming and high-temperature processes. Here, we report a photochemistry-based strategy for making glass structures of micrometer size under mild conditions. Our technique uses a photocurable polydimethylsiloxane resin that is 3D printed into complex structures and converted to silica glass via deep ultraviolet (DUV) irradiation in an ozone environment. The unique DUV-ozone conversion process for silica microstructures is low temperature (~220°C) and fast (<5 hours). The printed silica glass is highly transparent with smooth surface, comparable to commercial fused silica glass. This work enables the creation of arbitrary structures in silica glass through photochemistry and opens opportunities in unexplored territories for glass processing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Li
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Liang Yue
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Arunkumar Chitteth Rajan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Luxia Yu
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Harikrishna Sahu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - S. Macrae Montgomery
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Rampi Ramprasad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - H. Jerry Qi
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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23
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Gopinathan KA, Mishra A, Mutlu BR, Edd JF, Toner M. A microfluidic transistor for automatic control of liquids. Nature 2023; 622:735-741. [PMID: 37880436 PMCID: PMC10600001 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics have enabled notable advances in molecular biology1,2, synthetic chemistry3,4, diagnostics5,6 and tissue engineering7. However, there has long been a critical need in the field to manipulate fluids and suspended matter with the precision, modularity and scalability of electronic circuits8-10. Just as the electronic transistor enabled unprecedented advances in the automatic control of electricity on an electronic chip, a microfluidic analogue to the transistor could enable improvements in the automatic control of reagents, droplets and single cells on a microfluidic chip. Previous works on creating a microfluidic analogue to the electronic transistor11-13 did not replicate the transistor's saturation behaviour, and could not achieve proportional amplification14, which is fundamental to modern circuit design15. Here we exploit the fluidic phenomenon of flow limitation16 to develop a microfluidic element capable of proportional amplification with flow-pressure characteristics completely analogous to the current-voltage characteristics of the electronic transistor. We then use this microfluidic transistor to directly translate fundamental electronic circuits into the fluidic domain, including the amplifier, regulator, level shifter, logic gate and latch. We also combine these building blocks to create more complex fluidic controllers, such as timers and clocks. Finally, we demonstrate a particle dispenser circuit that senses single suspended particles, performs signal processing and accordingly controls the movement of each particle in a deterministic fashion without electronics. By leveraging the vast repertoire of electronic circuit design, microfluidic-transistor-based circuits enable fluidic automatic controllers to manipulate liquids and single suspended particles for lab-on-a-chip platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav A Gopinathan
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avanish Mishra
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Baris R Mutlu
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jon F Edd
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Shriners Children's, Boston, MA, USA.
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24
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Suarez GD, Bayer S, Tang YYK, Suarez DA, Cheung PPH, Nagl S. Rapid microfluidics prototyping through variotherm desktop injection molding for multiplex diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3850-3861. [PMID: 37534874 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate an inexpensive method of prototyping microfluidics using a desktop injection molding machine. A centrifugal microfluidic device with a novel central filling mechanism was developed to demonstrate the technique. We overcame the limitations of desktop machines in replicating microfluidic features by variotherm heating and cooling the mold between 50 °C and 110 °C within two minutes. Variotherm heating enabled good replication of microfeatures, with a coefficient of variation averaging only 3.6% attained for the measured widths of 100 μm wide molded channels. Using this methodology, we produced functional polystyrene centrifugal microfluidic chips, capable of aliquoting fluids into 5.0 μL reaction chambers with 97.5% accuracy. We performed allele-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (AS-LAMP) reactions for genotyping CYP2C19 alleles on these chips. Readouts were generated using optical pH sensors integrated onto chips, by drop-casting sensor precursor solutions into reaction chambers before final chip assembly. Positive reactions could be discerned by decreases in pH sensor fluorescence, thresholded against negative control reactions lacking the primers for nucleic acid amplification and with time-to-results averaging 38 minutes. Variotherm desktop injection molding can enable researchers to prototype microfluidic devices more cost-effectively, in an iterative fashion, due to reduced costs of smaller, in-house molds. Designs prototyped this way can be directly translated to mass production, enhancing their commercialization potential and positive impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco D Suarez
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Steevanson Bayer
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Yuki Yu Kiu Tang
- Quommni Technologies Limited, Tsuen Wan, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | | | - Peter Pak-Hang Cheung
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Stefan Nagl
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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25
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Wu M, Li X, Yin DF, Chen W, Qi J, Hu M, Xu J, Cheng Y. Real-time spectroscopic monitoring of continuous-flow synthesis of zinc oxide nano-structures in femtosecond laser fabricated 3D microfluidic microchannels with integrated on-chip fiber probe array. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3785-3793. [PMID: 37492963 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00353a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Materials synthesis in a microfluidic environment enables the flexible and controllable production of various types of nanostructures which are of great potential in the fields of chemistry, environmental science, bioengineering, and medicine. Here, we demonstrate on-chip simultaneous continuous-flow synthesis and in situ spectrum diagnosis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials using a femtosecond-fabricated three-dimensional (3D) microchannel reactor integrated with an array of optical fiber probes. The microchannel reactor including 3D concentration gradient generators followed by 3D micromixing units provides high-efficiency manipulation of reactants with different concentrations as well as parallel reaction dynamics in an autonomous manner. The integrated optical fiber probe array allows precise and parallel spectroscopic detection in different microchannels with high spatial and temporal resolutions for screening the synthetic conditions. The synthesized ZnO nanostructures can be tailored in size, shape, and morphology by tuning the flow rates and reactant concentrations based on the spectroscopic signals detected with the fiber probe array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- XXL - The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Di-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- XXL - The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jia Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- XXL - The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- XXL - The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ya Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- XXL - The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201800, China
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26
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Voorter PJ, Dev G, Buckinx AL, Dai J, Subramanian P, Kumar A, Cameron NR, Junkers T. From monomer to micelle: a facile approach to the multi-step synthesis of block copolymers via inline purification. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8466-8473. [PMID: 37592997 PMCID: PMC10430632 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01819a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A one-pass continuous flow strategy to form block copolymer nanoaggregates directly from monomers is presented. A key development towards such a sophisticated continuous flow setup is a significant improvement in continuous flow dialysis. Often impurities or solvent residues from polymerizations must be removed before block extensions or nanoaggregate formation can be carried out, typically disrupting the workflow. Hence, inline purification systems are required for fully continuous operation and eventual high throughput operation. An inline dialysis purification system is developed and exemplified for amphiphilic block copolymer synthesis from thermal and photoiniferter reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The inline dialysis system is found to be significantly faster than conventional batch dialysis and the kinetics are found to be very predictable with a diffusion velocity coefficient of 4.1 × 10-4 s-1. This is at least 4-5 times faster than conventional dialysis. Moreover, the newly developed setup uses only 57 mL of solvent for purification per gram of polymer, again reducing the required amount by almost an order of magnitude compared to conventional methods. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) or butyl acrylate (BA) was polymerized in a traditional flow reactor as the first block via RAFT polymerization, followed by a 'dialysis loop', which contains a custom-built inline dialysis device. Clearance of residual monomers is monitored via in-line NMR. The purified reaction mixture can then be chain extended in a second reactor stage to obtain block copolymers using poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGMEA) as the second monomer. In the last step, nano-objects are created, again from flow processes. The process is highly tuneable, showing for the chosen model system a variation in nanoaggregate size from 34 nm to 188 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter-Jan Voorter
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University 19 Rainforest Walk, Building 23 Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University 14 Alliance Lane Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Gayathri Dev
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University 19 Rainforest Walk, Building 23 Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Axel-Laurenz Buckinx
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University 19 Rainforest Walk, Building 23 Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- Dulux Australia 1956 Dandenong Road Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Jinhuo Dai
- Dulux Australia 1956 Dandenong Road Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
| | | | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Neil R Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University 14 Alliance Lane Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
- School of Engineering, Warwick University Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University 19 Rainforest Walk, Building 23 Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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27
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Sauter D, Schröter M, Frey C, Weber C, Mersdorf U, Janiesch JW, Platzman I, Spatz JP. Artificial Cytoskeleton Assembly for Synthetic Cell Motility. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200437. [PMID: 36459417 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Imitation of cellular processes in cell-like compartments is a current research focus in synthetic biology. Here, a method is introduced for assembling an artificial cytoskeleton in a synthetic cell model system based on a poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) composite material. Toward this end, a PNIPAM-based composite material inside water-in-oil droplets that are stabilized with PNIPAM-functionalized and commercial fluorosurfactants is introduced. The temperature-mediated contraction/release behavior of the PNIPAM-based cytoskeleton is investigated. The reversibility of the PNIPAM transition is further examined in bulk and in droplets and it could be shown that hydrogel induced deformation could be used to controllably manipulate droplet-based synthetic cell motility upon temperature changes. It is envisioned that a combination of the presented artificial cytoskeleton with naturally occurring components might expand the bandwidth of the bottom-up synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Sauter
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schröter
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Frey
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Weber
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Mersdorf
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Willi Janiesch
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilia Platzman
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck-Bristol Center for Minimal Biology, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck-Bristol Center for Minimal Biology, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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28
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Hasan MS, Sundberg C, Tolosa M, Andar A, Ge X, Kostov Y, Rao G. A novel, low-cost microfluidic device with an integrated filter for rapid, ultrasensitive, and high-throughput bioburden detection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12084. [PMID: 37495652 PMCID: PMC10372024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid and accurate bioburden detection has become increasingly necessary for food, health, pharmaceutical and environmental applications. To detect bioburden accurately, and in a highly sensitive manner, we have fabricated a novel microfluidic device with an integrated filter to trap the cells. Bioburden is detected on the filter paper in situ using the redox reaction of fluorescent label resorufin and a portable multichannel fluorometer is used for fluorescence measurement. The microfluidic device was fabricated in a facile, low-cost, and rapid way with microwave-induced thermally assisted bonding. To characterize the bonding quality of the microfluidic cassettes, different tests were performed, and the filter paper material and size were optimized. Primary Bacillus subtilis culture bacterial samples were filtered through the device to validate and investigate the performance parameters. Our results show that a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.037 CFU/mL can be achieved through this microfluidic device whereas the LOD in a normal microfluidic cassette in the fluorometer and the golden standard spectrophotometer are 0.378 and 0.128 CFU/mL respectively. The results depict that three to ten times LOD improvement is possible through this microfluidic cassette and more sensitive detection is possible depending on the volume filtered within a rapid 3 min. This novel microfluidic device along with the fluorometer can be used as a rapid portable tool for highly sensitive, accurate and high-throughput bacterial detection for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hasan
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Chad Sundberg
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Michael Tolosa
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Abhay Andar
- Champions Oncology Inc, 855 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xudong Ge
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Yordan Kostov
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Govind Rao
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
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29
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Udepurkar AP, Nandiwale KY, Jensen KF, Kuhn S. Heterogeneous photochemical reaction enabled by an ultrasonic microreactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2023; 8:1930-1936. [PMID: 38013744 PMCID: PMC10388398 DOI: 10.1039/d3re00154g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The presence of solids as starting reagents/reactants or products in flow photochemical reactions can lead to reactor clogging and yield reduction from side reactions. We address this limitation with a new ultrasonic microreactor for continuous solid-laden photochemical reactions. The ultrasonic photochemical microreactor is characterized by the liquid and solid residence time distribution (RTD) and the absorbed photon flux in the reactor via chemical actinometry. The solid-handling capability of the ultrasonic photochemical microreactor is demonstrated with a silyl radical-mediated metallaphotoredox cross-electrophile coupling with a solid base as a reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket P Udepurkar
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Kakasaheb Y Nandiwale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Klavs F Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Simon Kuhn
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
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30
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Sonexai P, Van Nguyen M, Huy BT, Lee YI. Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:793-803. [PMID: 37496703 PMCID: PMC10366445 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The detection of harmful chemicals in the environment and for food safety is a crucial requirement. While traditional techniques such as GC-MS and HPLC provide high sensitivity, they are expensive, time-consuming, and require skilled labor. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful analytical tool for detecting ultralow concentrations of chemical compounds and biomolecules. We present a reproducible method for producing Ag nanoparticles that can be used to create highly sensitive SERS substrates. A microfluidic device was employed to confine the precursor reagents within the droplets, resulting in Ag nanoparticles of uniform shape and size. The study investigates the effects of various synthesis conditions on the size distribution, dispersity, and localized surface plasmon resonance wavelength of the Ag nanoparticles. To create the SERS substrate, the as-synthesized Ag nanoparticles were assembled into a monolayer on a liquid/air interface and deposited onto a porous silicon array prepared through a metal-assisted chemical etching approach. By using the developed microfluidic device, enhancement factors of the Raman signal for rhodamine B (at 10-9 M) and melamine (at 10-7 M) of 8.59 × 106 and 8.21 × 103, respectively, were obtained. The detection limits for rhodamine B and melamine were estimated to be 1.94 × 10-10 M and 2.8 × 10-8 M with relative standard deviation values of 3.4% and 4.6%, respectively. The developed SERS substrate exhibits exceptional analytical performance and has the potential to be a valuable analytical tool for monitoring environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phommachith Sonexai
- Anastro Laboratory, Institute of Basic Science, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Minh Van Nguyen
- Anastro Laboratory, Institute of Basic Science, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Bui The Huy
- Anastro Laboratory, Institute of Basic Science, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ill Lee
- Anastro Laboratory, Institute of Basic Science, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technical University, Tashkent 100084, Uzbekistan
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31
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Niu J, Liu W, Li JX, Pang X, Liu Y, Zhang C, Yue K, Zhou Y, Xu F, Li X, Li F. Machining water through laser cutting of nanoparticle-encased water pancakes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3853. [PMID: 37386038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the inherent disorder and fluidity of water, precise machining of water through laser cutting are challenging. Herein we report a strategy that realizes the laser cutting machining of water through constructing hydrophobic silica nanoparticle-encased water pancakes with sub-millimeter depth. Through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental studies, the developed process of nanoparticle-encased water pancake laser cutting and the parameters that affect cutting accuracy are verified and elucidated. We demonstrate that laser-fabricated water patterns can form diverse self-supporting chips (SSCs) with openness, transparency, breathability, liquid morphology, and liquid flow control properties. Applications of laser-fabricated SSCs to various fields, including chemical synthesis, biochemical sensing, liquid metal manipulation, patterned hydrogel synthesis, and drug screening, are also conceptually demonstrated. This work provides a strategy for precisely machining water using laser cutting, addressing existing laser machining challenges and holding significance for widespread fields involving fluid patterning and flow control in biological, chemical, materials and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Niu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Shaanxi Basic Discipline (Liquid Physics) Research Center, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jasmine Xinze Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Xianglong Pang
- Shaanxi Basic Discipline (Liquid Physics) Research Center, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Keyang Yue
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Shaanxi Basic Discipline (Liquid Physics) Research Center, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Fei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China.
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China.
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32
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Draz MS, Dupouy D, Gijs MAM. Acoustofluidic large-scale mixing for enhanced microfluidic immunostaining for tissue diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2023. [PMID: 37365861 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00312d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The usage of microfluidics for automated and fast immunoassays has gained a lot of interest in the last decades. This integration comes with certain challenges, like the reconciliation of laminar flow patterns of micro-scale systems with diffusion-limited mass transport. Several methods have been investigated to enhance microfluidic mixing in microsystems, including acoustic-based fluidic streaming. Here, we report both by numerical simulation and experiments on the beneficiary effect of acoustic agitation on the uniformity of immunostaining in large-size and thin microfluidic chambers. Moreover, we investigate by numerical simulation the impact of reducing the incubation times and the concentrations of the biochemical detection reagents on the obtained immunoassay signal. Finally, acoustofluidic mixing was successfully used to reduce by 80% the incubation time of the Her2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) and CK (cytokeratins) biomarkers for the spatial immunostaining of breast cancer cell pellets, or reducing their concentration by 66% and achieving a higher signal-to-background ratio than comparable spatially resolved immunostaining with static incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muaz S Draz
- Laboratory of Microsystems 2, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Lunaphore Technologies SA, CH-1131 Tolochenaz, Switzerland
| | - Diego Dupouy
- Lunaphore Technologies SA, CH-1131 Tolochenaz, Switzerland
| | - Martin A M Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems 2, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Xiao B, Zhao R, Wang N, Zhang J, Sun X, Huang F, Chen A. Integrating microneedle DNA extraction to hand-held microfluidic colorimetric LAMP chip system for meat adulteration detection. Food Chem 2023; 411:135508. [PMID: 36701913 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Most microfluidic-based "sample-in-result-out" systems suffer sophisticated microfluidic production processes, high-cost chips, and expensive instruments. They cannot be used in the meat market as well as farmer's markets in rural areas. Here, we developed a hand-held microfluidic chip system for on-site meat species qualitative authentication detection which integrated a simple microneedle DNA extraction and a visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The chip can be used by easily pricking meat samples, simply hand-shaking the chip, and readily available isothermal heating instead of a complicated DNA extraction process and microfluidic control device. The system demonstrates high specificity and sensitivity for selected six species of meat samples and low to 1% simulated adulteration could be detected within 60 min. Besides, the whole cost was less than 1 dollar. The integrated hand-held microfluidic detection system offers a simple, fast, low-cost "sample-in-result-out" point-of-care device which could be extended to medical diagnosis and animal/plant disease identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xiao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruiming Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyun Sun
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fengchun Huang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ailiang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Li Q, Wang M, Jin Y, Lu Y, Xiong S, Wang M, Xu J, Wei C, Li J. Microfluidic synthesis of pH-responsive molecularly imprinted silica nanospheres for fluorescence sensing target glycoprotein. Food Chem 2023; 426:136570. [PMID: 37302304 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, fluorescent artificial antibodies for sensing ovalbumin in food were synthesized by molecular imprinting technique in a microfluidic reactor. A phenylboronic acid-functionalized silane was employed as the functional monomer to enable the polymer has pH-responsive property. Fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers (FMIPs) could be produced continuously in a short time. Both fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RB)-based FMIPs can specifically recognize the target ovalbumin, particularly FITC-based FMIP, giving an imprinting factor of 2.5 and cross-reactivity factors of 2.7 (ovotransferrin), 2.8 (β-lactoglobulin) and 3.4 (bovine serum albumin), and was applied for the detection of ovalbumin in milk powder with recovery rates of 93-110%; moreover, the FMIP can be reused at least four times. Such FMIPs have promising future in replacing the fluorophore-labelled antibodies to fabricate fluorescent sensing devices or establish immunoassay methods, which have extra merits of low-cost, high stability and recyclability, easy to carry and store at ambient environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Jin
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongling Lu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuqing Xiong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Chenhong Wei
- Anhui Costar Biochemical Co. LTD, Dangtu 243100, Anhui, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Farahinia A, Zhang W, Badea I. Recent Developments in Inertial and Centrifugal Microfluidic Systems along with the Involved Forces for Cancer Cell Separation: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115300. [PMID: 37300027 DOI: 10.3390/s23115300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of cancers is a significant challenge in the healthcare context today. Spreading circulating tumor cells (CTCs) throughout the body will eventually lead to cancer metastasis and produce new tumors near the healthy tissues. Therefore, separating these invading cells and extracting cues from them is extremely important for determining the rate of cancer progression inside the body and for the development of individualized treatments, especially at the beginning of the metastasis process. The continuous and fast separation of CTCs has recently been achieved using numerous separation techniques, some of which involve multiple high-level operational protocols. Although a simple blood test can detect the presence of CTCs in the blood circulation system, the detection is still restricted due to the scarcity and heterogeneity of CTCs. The development of more reliable and effective techniques is thus highly desired. The technology of microfluidic devices is promising among many other bio-chemical and bio-physical technologies. This paper reviews recent developments in the two types of microfluidic devices, which are based on the size and/or density of cells, for separating cancer cells. The goal of this review is to identify knowledge or technology gaps and to suggest future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Farahinia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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Gopinathan KA, Mishra A, Mutlu BR, Edd JF, Toner M. A Microfluidic Transistor for Liquid Signal Processing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.31.543146. [PMID: 37398240 PMCID: PMC10312585 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.31.543146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics have enabled significant advances in molecular biology 1-3 , synthetic chemistry 4,5 , diagnostics 6,7 , and tissue engineering 8 . However, there has long been a critical need in the field to manipulate fluids and suspended matter with the precision, modularity, and scalability of electronic circuits 9-11 . Just as the electronic transistor enabled unprecedented advances in the control of electricity on an electronic chip, a microfluidic analogue to the transistor could enable improvements in the complex, scalable control of reagents, droplets, and single cells on an autonomous microfluidic chip. Prior works on creating a microfluidic analogue to the electronic transistor 12-14 could not replicate the transistor's saturation behavior, which is crucial to perform analog amplification 15 and is fundamental to modern circuit design 16 . Here we exploit the fluidic phenomenon of flow-limitation 17 to develop a microfluidic element with flow-pressure characteristics completely analogous to the current-voltage characteristics of the electronic transistor. As this microfluidic transistor successfully replicates all of the key operating regimes of the electronic transistor (linear, cut-off and saturation), we are able to directly translate a variety of fundamental electronic circuit designs into the fluidic domain, including the amplifier, regulator, level shifter, logic gate, and latch. Finally, we demonstrate a "smart" particle dispenser that senses single suspended particles, performs liquid signal processing, and accordingly controls the movement of said particles in a purely fluidic system without electronics. By leveraging the vast repertoire of electronic circuit design, microfluidic transistor-based circuits are easy to integrate at scale, eliminate the need for external flow control, and enable uniquely complex liquid signal processing and single-particle manipulation for the next generation of chemical, biological, and clinical platforms.
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Yan X, Yue T, Winkler DA, Yin Y, Zhu H, Jiang G, Yan B. Converting Nanotoxicity Data to Information Using Artificial Intelligence and Simulation. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37262026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Decades of nanotoxicology research have generated extensive and diverse data sets. However, data is not equal to information. The question is how to extract critical information buried in vast data streams. Here we show that artificial intelligence (AI) and molecular simulation play key roles in transforming nanotoxicity data into critical information, i.e., constructing the quantitative nanostructure (physicochemical properties)-toxicity relationships, and elucidating the toxicity-related molecular mechanisms. For AI and molecular simulation to realize their full impacts in this mission, several obstacles must be overcome. These include the paucity of high-quality nanomaterials (NMs) and standardized nanotoxicity data, the lack of model-friendly databases, the scarcity of specific and universal nanodescriptors, and the inability to simulate NMs at realistic spatial and temporal scales. This review provides a comprehensive and representative, but not exhaustive, summary of the current capability gaps and tools required to fill these formidable gaps. Specifically, we discuss the applications of AI and molecular simulation, which can address the large-scale data challenge for nanotoxicology research. The need for model-friendly nanotoxicity databases, powerful nanodescriptors, new modeling approaches, molecular mechanism analysis, and design of the next-generation NMs are also critically discussed. Finally, we provide a perspective on future trends and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at the Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tongtao Yue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - David A Winkler
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, U.K
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Yongguang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at the Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Li G, Liu C, Zhang X, Zhai P, Lai X, Jiang W. Low temperature synthesis of carbon dots in microfluidic chip and their application for sensing cefquinome residues in milk. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 228:115187. [PMID: 36893719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the N-doped carbon dots were continuously synthesized by a facile microfluidic strategy at 90 °C, and their quantum yields reached 19.2%. The characteristics of the obtained carbon dots could be real-time monitored in order to synthesize carbon dots with specific properties. By incorporating the carbon dots into a well-established enzymatic cascade amplification system, an inner filter effect-based fluorescence immunoassay was set up for ultrasensitive detection of cefquinome residues in milk samples. The developed fluorescence immunoassay provided a low detection limit of 0.78 ng/mL, which satisfied the maximum residue limit set by authorities. The fluorescence immunoassay had an 50% inhibition concentration of 0.19 ng/mL against cefquinome and showed a good linear relationship from 0.013 ng/mL to 1.52 ng/mL. While, the average recovery values ranged from 77.8% to 107.8% in spiked milk samples, with relative standard deviations ranging from 6.8% to 10.9%. Compared with conventional methods, the microfluidic chip was more flexible on carbon dots synthesis and the developed fluorescence immunoassay was more sensitive and eco-friendlier for ultra-trace cefquinome residue analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Peng Zhai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xinyi Lai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wenxiao Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Tomasi Masoni S, Mariotti A, Antognoli M, Galletti C, Mauri R, Salvetti M, Brunazzi E. Reaction performance in T-, X- and arrow-shaped microdevices. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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40
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Feng S, Pan C, Ye H, Liu W, Yang W, Lv Y, Tao S. Magnetic Non-Spherical Particles Inducing Vortices in Microchannel for Effective Mixing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207383. [PMID: 36775909 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Mixing in microfluidic channels is dominated by diffusion owing to the absence of chaotic flow. However, high-efficiency microscale mixing over short distances is desired for the development of lab-on-chip systems. Here, enhanced mixing in microchannels achieved using magnetic nonspherical particles (MNSPs), is reported. Benefiting from the nonspherical shape of the MNSPs, secondary vortices exhibiting cyclical characteristics appear in microchannels when the MNSPs rotate under an external magnetic field. Increasing the rotation rate enlarges the secondary vortices, expanding the mixing zone and enhancing the mixing, resulting in a mixing efficiency exceeding 0.9 at Re of 0.069-0.69. Complementary micro-particle image velocimetry (µPIV) for flow field analysis clarifies the mixing mechanism. In addition, a chaotic vortex area is generated in the presence of two MNSPs, which shortens the distance required for achieving an appropriate mixing efficiency. This study demonstrates the potential of employing MNSPs as efficient mixers in lab-on-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Cunliang Pan
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Ye
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wendong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yingdi Lv
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Shengyang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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41
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Yong J, Peng Y, Wang X, Li J, Hu Y, Chu J, Wu D. Self-Driving Underwater "Aerofluidics". ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2301175. [PMID: 37114841 PMCID: PMC10375095 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Here, the concept of "aerofluidics," in which a system uses microchannels to transport and manipulate trace gases at the microscopic scale to build a highly versatile integrated system based on gas-gas or gas-liquid microinteractions is proposed. A kind of underwater aerofluidic architecture is designed using superhydrophobic surface microgrooves written by a femtosecond laser. In the aqueous medium, a hollow microchannel is formed between the superhydrophobic microgrooves and the water environment, which allows gas to flow freely underwater for aerofluidic devices. Driven by Laplace pressure, gas can be self-transported along various complex patterned paths, curved surfaces, and even across different aerofluidic devices, with an ultralong transportation distance of more than 1 m. The width of the superhydrophobic microchannels of the designed aerofluidic devices is only ≈42.1 µm, enabling the aerofluidic system to achieve accurate gas transportation and control. With the advantages of flexible self-driving gas transportation and ultralong transportation distance, the underwater aerofluidic devices can realize a series of gas control functions, such as gas merging, gas aggregation, gas splitting, gas arrays, gas-gas microreactions, and gas-liquid microreactions. It is believed that underwater aerofluidic technology can have significant applications in gas-involved microanalysis, microdetection, biomedical engineering, sensors, and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Yong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
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Kim YT, Ahmadianyazdi A, Folch A. A 'print-pause-print' protocol for 3D printing microfluidics using multimaterial stereolithography. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:1243-1259. [PMID: 36609643 PMCID: PMC10101882 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Methods to make microfluidic chips using 3D printers have attracted much attention because these simple procedures allow rapid fabrication of ready-to-use products from digital 3D designs with minimal human intervention. Printing high-resolution chips that are simultaneously transparent, biocompatible and contain regions of dissimilar materials is an ongoing challenge. Transparency allows for the optical inspection of specimens containing cells and labeled biomolecules inside the chip. Being able to use different materials for different layers in the product increases the number of potential applications. In this 'print-pause-print' protocol, we describe detailed strategies for fabricating transparent biomicrofluidic devices and multimaterial chips using stereolithographic 3D printing. To print transparent biomicrofluidic chips, we developed a transparent resin based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) (average molecular weight: 250 g/mol, PEG-DA-250) and a smooth chip surface technique achieved using glass. Cells can be successfully cultured and visualized on PEG-DA-250 prints and inside PEG-DA-250 microchannels. The multimaterial potential of the technique is exemplified using a molecular diffusion device that comprises parts made of two different materials: the channel walls, which are water impermeable, and a porous barrier structure, which is permeable to small molecules that diffuse through it. The two materials were prepared from two different molecular-weight PEG-DA-based printing resins. Alignment of the two dissimilar material structures is performed automatically by the printer during the printing process, which only requires a simple pause step to exchange the resins. The procedure takes less than 1 h and can facilitate chip-based applications including biomolecule analysis, cell biology, organ-on-a-chip and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tae Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Tech University of Korea, Siheung-si, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Albert Folch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Usutani H, Yamamoto K, Hashimoto K. Process Intensification of a Napabucasin Manufacturing Method Utilizing Microflow Chemistry. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:10373-10382. [PMID: 36969467 PMCID: PMC10034843 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microflow chemistry is one of the newest and most efficient technologies used today for the safe and effective production of medicines. In this paper, we show the use of this technology in the development of a manufacturing method for napabucasin, which has potential in the treatment of colorectal and pancreatic cancers. In conventional "batch-type" reactor systems, the generation of side products can be controlled with traditional techniques such as reagent reverse-addition and temperature control. However, there is a limitation to which the yield and purity can be improved by these methods, as both are constrained by the efficiency of heat/mass transfer. Applying microflow chemistry technology alters the parameters of the constraint through the use of precise mixing in a microchannel, which offers increased possibility for improving yields and process intensification of the napabucasin process. Reported herein is a proof-of-concept study for the scale-up production of napabucasin using microflow chemistry techniques for manufacturing at the kilogram scale.
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Zakrzewski J, Yaseneva P, Taylor CJ, Gaunt MJ, Lapkin AA. Scalable Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Carbonylation of Alkylamines in Batch and Continuous Flow. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zakrzewski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Polina Yaseneva
- Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GG, U.K
| | - Connor J. Taylor
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park Milton Road, Milton, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
- Innovation Centre in Digital Molecular Technologies, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Matthew J. Gaunt
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
- Innovation Centre in Digital Molecular Technologies, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Alexei A. Lapkin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
- Innovation Centre in Digital Molecular Technologies, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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45
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Wan X, Li J, Li N, Zhang J, Gu Y, Chen G, Ju S. Preparation of Spherical Ultrafine Silver Particles Using Y-Type Microjet Reactor. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2217. [PMID: 36984097 PMCID: PMC10058681 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, micron-sized silver particles were prepared using the chemical reduction method by employing a Y-type microjet reactor, silver nitrate as the precursor, ascorbic acid as the reducing agent, and gelatin as the dispersion at room temperature (23 °C ± 2°C). Using a microjet reactor, the two reaction solutions collide and combine outside the reactor, thereby avoiding microchannel obstruction issues and facilitating a quicker and more convenient synthesis process. This study examined the effect of the jet flow rate and dispersion addition on the morphology and size of silver powder particles. Based on the results of this study, spherical and dendritic silver particles with a rough surface can be prepared by adjusting the flow rate of the reaction solution and gelatin concentration. The microjet flow rate of 75 mL/min and the injected gelatin amount of 1% of the silver nitrate mass produced spherical ultrafine silver particles with a size of 4.84 μm and a tap density of 5.22 g/cm3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Wan
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650093, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Jun Li
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650093, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Na Li
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650093, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Jingxi Zhang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650093, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Yongwan Gu
- Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Shaohua Ju
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650093, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming 650093, China
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46
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Yin B, Yue W, Sohan ASMMF, Wan X, Zhou T, Shi L, Qian C, Lin X. Construction of a desirable hyperbolic microfluidic chip for ultrasensitive determination of PCT based on chemiluminescence. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1978-1986. [PMID: 36752153 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02338e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Since procalcitonin (PCT) is a specific inflammation indicator of severe bacterial inflammation and fungal infection, it is of great significance to construct a sensitive and rapid microfluidic chip to detect PCT in clinical application. The design of micromixers using a lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device is the premise to realizing the adequate mixing of analytical samples and reagents and is an important measure to improve the accuracy and efficiency of determination. In this research study, we investigate the mixing characteristics of hyperbolic micromixers and explore the effects of different hyperbolic curvatures, different Reynolds numbers (Re) and different channel widths on the mixing performance of the micromixers. Then, an optimal micromixer was integrated into a microfluidic chip to fabricate a desirable hyperbolic microfluidic chip (DHMC) for the sensitive determination of inflammation marker PCT with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.17 ng mL-1via a chemiluminescence signal, which can be used as a promising real-time platform for early clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binfeng Yin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
| | - Wenkai Yue
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
| | | | - Xinhua Wan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
| | - Teng Zhou
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Liuyong Shi
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Changcheng Qian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- University of Macau Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai 519080, China.
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47
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Saikia A, Newar R, Das S, Singh A, Deuri DJ, Baruah A. Scopes and Challenges of Microfluidic Technology for Nanoparticle Synthesis, Photocatalysis and Sensor Applications: A Comprehensive Review. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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48
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Kumar S, Karmacharya M, Cho YK. Bridging the Gap between Nonliving Matter and Cellular Life. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2202962. [PMID: 35988151 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A cell, the fundamental unit of life, contains the requisite blueprint information necessary to survive and to build tissues, organs, and systems, eventually forming a fully functional living creature. A slight structural alteration can result in data misprinting, throwing the entire life process off balance. Advances in synthetic biology and cell engineering enable the predictable redesign of biological systems to perform novel functions. Individual functions and fundamental processes at the core of the biology of cells can be investigated by employing a synthetically constrained micro or nanoreactor. However, constructing a life-like structure from nonliving building blocks remains a considerable challenge. Chemical compartments, cascade signaling, energy generation, growth, replication, and adaptation within micro or nanoreactors must be comparable with their biological counterparts. Although these reactors currently lack the power and behavioral sophistication of their biological equivalents, their interface with biological systems enables the development of hybrid solutions for real-world applications, such as therapeutic agents, biosensors, innovative materials, and biochemical microreactors. This review discusses the latest advances in cell membrane-engineered micro or nanoreactors, as well as the limitations associated with high-throughput preparation methods and biological applications for the real-time modulation of complex pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mamata Karmacharya
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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49
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Monbaliu JCM, Legros J. Will the next generation of chemical plants be in miniaturized flow reactors? LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1349-1357. [PMID: 36278262 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00796g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For decades, a production paradigm based on centralized, stepwise, large scale processes has dominated the chemical industry horizon. While effective to meet an ever increasing demand for high value-added chemicals, the so-called macroscopic batch reactors are also associated with inherent weaknesses and threats; some of the most obvious ones were tragically illustrated over the past decades with major industrial disasters and impactful disruptions of advanced chemical supplies. The COVID pandemic has further emphasized that a change in paradigm was necessary to sustain chemical production with an increased safety, reliable supply chains and adaptable productivities. More than a decade of research and technology development has led to alternative and effective chemical processes relying on miniaturised flow reactors (a.k.a. micro and mesofluidic reactors). Such miniaturised reactors bear the potential to solve safety concerns and to improve the reliability of chemical supply chains. Will they initiate a new paradigm for a more localized, safe and reliable chemical production?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe M Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège (Sart Tilman), Belgium.
| | - Julien Legros
- COBRA Laboratory, CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France.
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50
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Layachi M, Treizebré A, Hay L, Gilbert D, Pesez J, D’Acremont Q, Braeckmans K, Thommen Q, Courtade E. Novel opto-fluidic drug delivery system for efficient cellular transfection. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:43. [PMID: 36747263 PMCID: PMC9901003 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular drug delivery is at the heart of many diagnosis procedures and a key step in gene therapy. Research has been conducted to bypass cell barriers for controlled intracellular drug release and made consistent progress. However, state-of-the-art techniques based on non-viral carriers or physical methods suffer several drawbacks, including limited delivery yield, low throughput or low viability, which are key parameters in therapeutics, diagnostics and drug delivery. Nevertheless, gold nanoparticle (AuNP) mediated photoporation has stood out as a promising approach to permeabilize cell membranes through laser induced Vapour NanoBubble (VNB) generation, allowing the influx of external cargo molecules into cells. However, its use as a transfection technology for the genetic manipulation of therapeutic cells is hindered by the presence of non-degradable gold nanoparticles. Here, we report a new optofluidic method bringing gold nanoparticles in close proximity to cells for photoporation, while avoiding direct contact with cells by taking advantage of hydrodynamic focusing in a multi-flow device. Cells were successfully photoporated with [Formula: see text] efficiency with no significant reduction in cell viability at a throughput ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. This optofluidic approach provides prospects of translating photoporation from an R &D setting to clinical use for producing genetically engineered therapeutic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Layachi
- grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France ,grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Institut d’Électronique, de
Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR CNRS 8520, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France ,grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Present Address: Laboratoire Charles Coulomb - UMR 5221, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anthony Treizebré
- grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France ,grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Institut d’Électronique, de
Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR CNRS 8520, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Laurent Hay
- grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - David Gilbert
- grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Jean Pesez
- grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Quentin D’Acremont
- grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Quentin Thommen
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780CANTHER - Cancer
Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies - UMR9020-UMR1277, Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Courtade
- Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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