1
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Hardy FJ, Quesne MG, Gérard EF, Zhao J, Ortmayer M, Taylor CJ, Ali HS, Slater JW, Levy CW, Heyes DJ, Bollinger JM, de Visser SP, Green AP. Probing Ferryl Reactivity in a Nonheme Iron Oxygenase Using an Expanded Genetic Code. ACS Catal 2024; 14:11584-11590. [PMID: 39114090 PMCID: PMC11301626 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c02365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The ability to introduce noncanonical amino acids as axial ligands in heme enzymes has provided a powerful experimental tool for studying the structure and reactivity of their FeIV=O ("ferryl") intermediates. Here, we show that a similar approach can be used to perturb the conserved Fe coordination environment of 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) dependent oxygenases, a versatile class of enzymes that employ highly-reactive ferryl intermediates to mediate challenging C-H functionalizations. Replacement of one of the cis-disposed histidine ligands in the oxygenase VioC with a less electron donating N δ-methyl-histidine (MeHis) preserves both catalytic function and reaction selectivity. Significantly, the key ferryl intermediate responsible for C-H activation can be accumulated in both the wildtype and the modified protein. In contrast to heme enzymes, where metal-oxo reactivity is extremely sensitive to the nature of the proximal ligand, the rates of C-H activation and the observed large kinetic isotope effects are only minimally affected by axial ligand replacement in VioC. This study showcases a powerful tool for modulating the coordination sphere of nonheme iron enzymes that will enhance our understanding of the factors governing their divergent activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence J. Hardy
- Department
of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Matthew G. Quesne
- Research
Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxon OX11
0FA, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Emilie F. Gérard
- Department
of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Jingming Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Mary Ortmayer
- Department
of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Christopher J. Taylor
- Department
of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Hafiz S. Ali
- Department
of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Jeffrey W. Slater
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Colin W. Levy
- Department
of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Derren J. Heyes
- Department
of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - J. Martin Bollinger
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sam P. de Visser
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Anthony P. Green
- Department
of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
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2
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Birch-Price Z, Hardy FJ, Lister TM, Kohn AR, Green AP. Noncanonical Amino Acids in Biocatalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8740-8786. [PMID: 38959423 PMCID: PMC11273360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, powerful genetic code reprogramming methods have emerged that allow new functional components to be embedded into proteins as noncanonical amino acid (ncAA) side chains. In this review, we will illustrate how the availability of an expanded set of amino acid building blocks has opened a wealth of new opportunities in enzymology and biocatalysis research. Genetic code reprogramming has provided new insights into enzyme mechanisms by allowing introduction of new spectroscopic probes and the targeted replacement of individual atoms or functional groups. NcAAs have also been used to develop engineered biocatalysts with improved activity, selectivity, and stability, as well as enzymes with artificial regulatory elements that are responsive to external stimuli. Perhaps most ambitiously, the combination of genetic code reprogramming and laboratory evolution has given rise to new classes of enzymes that use ncAAs as key catalytic elements. With the framework for developing ncAA-containing biocatalysts now firmly established, we are optimistic that genetic code reprogramming will become a progressively more powerful tool in the armory of enzyme designers and engineers in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anthony P. Green
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology,
School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
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3
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Nguy AKL, Martinie RJ, Cai A, Seyedsayamdost MR. Detection of a Kinetically Competent Compound-I Intermediate in the Vancomycin Biosynthetic Enzyme OxyB. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19629-19634. [PMID: 38989876 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes are abundantly encoded in microbial genomes. Their reactions have two general outcomes, one involving oxygen insertion via a canonical "oxygen rebound" mechanism and a second that diverts from this pathway and leads to a wide array of products, notably intramolecular oxidative cross-links. The antibiotic of-last-resort, vancomycin, contains three such cross-links, which are crucial for biological activity and are installed by the P450 enzymes OxyB, OxyA, and OxyC. The mechanisms of these enzymes have remained elusive in part because of the difficulty in spectroscopically capturing transient intermediates. Using stopped-flow UV/visible absorption and rapid freeze-quench electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies, we show that OxyB generates the highly reactive compound-I intermediate, which can react with a model vancomycin peptide substrate in a kinetically competent fashion to generate product. Our results have implications for the mechanism of OxyB and are in line with the notion that oxygen rebound and oxidative cross-links share early steps in their catalytic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy K L Nguy
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ryan J Martinie
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Hamilton College, Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Amanda Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Mohammad R Seyedsayamdost
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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4
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Das A, Gao S, Lal RG, Hicks MH, Oyala PH, Arnold FH. Reaction Discovery Using Spectroscopic Insights from an Enzymatic C-H Amination Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39037870 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Engineered hemoproteins can selectively incorporate nitrogen from nitrene precursors like hydroxylamine, O-substituted hydroxylamines, and organic azides into organic molecules. Although iron-nitrenoids are often invoked as the reactive intermediates in these reactions, their innate reactivity and transient nature have made their characterization challenging. Here we characterize an iron-nitrosyl intermediate generated from NH2OH within a protoglobin active site that can undergo nitrogen-group transfer catalysis, using UV-vis, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) techniques. The mechanistic insights gained led to the discovery of aminating reagents─nitrite (NO2-), nitric oxide (NO), and nitroxyl (HNO)─that are new to both nature and synthetic chemistry. Based on the findings, we propose a catalytic cycle for C-H amination inspired by the nitrite reductase pathway. This study highlights the potential of engineered hemoproteins to access natural nitrogen sources for sustainable chemical synthesis and offers a new perspective on the use of biological nitrogen cycle intermediates in biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuvab Das
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Shilong Gao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ravi G Lal
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Madeline H Hicks
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Paul H Oyala
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Frances H Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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5
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Yi HB, Lee S, Seo K, Kim H, Kim M, Lee HS. Cellular and Biophysical Applications of Genetic Code Expansion. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7465-7530. [PMID: 38753805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Despite their diverse functions, proteins are inherently constructed from a limited set of building blocks. These compositional constraints pose significant challenges to protein research and its practical applications. Strategically manipulating the cellular protein synthesis system to incorporate novel building blocks has emerged as a critical approach for overcoming these constraints in protein research and application. In the past two decades, the field of genetic code expansion (GCE) has achieved significant advancements, enabling the integration of numerous novel functionalities into proteins across a variety of organisms. This technological evolution has paved the way for the extensive application of genetic code expansion across multiple domains, including protein imaging, the introduction of probes for protein research, analysis of protein-protein interactions, spatiotemporal control of protein function, exploration of proteome changes induced by external stimuli, and the synthesis of proteins endowed with novel functions. In this comprehensive Review, we aim to provide an overview of cellular and biophysical applications that have employed GCE technology over the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bin Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungeun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdeok Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongjo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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6
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Thomas J, Mokkawes T, Senft L, Dey A, Gordon JB, Ivanovic-Burmazovic I, de Visser SP, Goldberg DP. Axial Ligation Impedes Proton-Coupled Electron-Transfer Reactivity of a Synthetic Compound-I Analogue. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12338-12354. [PMID: 38669456 PMCID: PMC11305010 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The nature of the axial ligand in high-valent iron-oxo heme enzyme intermediates and related synthetic catalysts is a critical structural element for controlling proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) reactivity of these species. Herein, we describe the generation and characterization of three new 6-coordinate, iron(IV)-oxo porphyrinoid-π-cation-radical complexes and report their PCET reactivity together with a previously published 5-coordinate analogue, FeIV(O)(TBP8Cz+•) (TBP8Cz = octakis(p-tert-butylphenyl)corrolazinato3-) (2) (Cho, K. A high-valent iron-oxo corrolazine activates C-H bonds via hydrogen-atom transfer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 7392-7399). The new complexes FeIV(O)(TBP8Cz+•)(L) (L = 1-methyl imidazole (1-MeIm) (4a), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) (4b), cyanide (CN-)(4c)) can be generated from either oxidation of the ferric precursors or by addition of L to the Compound-I (Cpd-I) analogue at low temperatures. These complexes were characterized by UV-vis, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and Mössbauer spectroscopies, and cryospray ionization mass spectrometry (CSI-MS). Kinetic studies using 4-OMe-TEMPOH as a test substrate indicate that coordination of a sixth axial ligand dramatically lowers the PCET reactivity of the Cpd-I analogue (rates up to 7000 times slower). Extensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations together with the experimental data show that the trend in reactivity with the axial ligands does not correlate with the thermodynamic driving force for these reactions or the calculated strengths of the O-H bonds being formed in the FeIV(O-H) products, pointing to non-Bell-Evans-Polanyi behavior. However, the PCET reactivity does follow a trend with the bracketed reduction potential of Cpd-I analogues and calculated electron affinities. The combined data suggest a concerted mechanism (a concerted proton electron transfer (CPET)) and an asynchronous movement of the electron/proton pair in the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jithin Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Thirakorn Mokkawes
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Senft
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr., 5-13, Haus D, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Aniruddha Dey
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jesse B Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ivana Ivanovic-Burmazovic
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr., 5-13, Haus D, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Sam P de Visser
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - David P Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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7
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Gong Z, Wang L, Xu Y, Xie D, Qi X, Nam W, Guo M. Enhanced Reactivities of Iron(IV)-Oxo Porphyrin Species in Oxidation Reactions Promoted by Intramolecular Hydrogen-Bonding. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2310333. [PMID: 38477431 PMCID: PMC11109629 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
High-valent iron-oxo species are one of the common intermediates in both biological and biomimetic catalytic oxidation reactions. Recently, hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) has been proved to be critical in determining the selectivity and reactivity. However, few examples have been established for mechanistic insights into the H-bonding effect. Moreover, intramolecular H-bonding effect on both C-H activation and oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reactions in synthetic porphyrin model system has not been investigated yet. In this study, a series of heme-containing iron(IV)-oxo porphyrin species with or without intramolecular H-bonding are synthesized and characterized. Kinetic studies revealed that intramolecular H-bonding can significantly enhance the reactivity of iron(IV)-oxo species in OAT, C-H activation, and electron-transfer reactions. This unprecedented unified H-bonding effect is elucidated by theoretical calculations, which showed that intramolecular H-bonding interactions lower the energy of the anti-bonding orbital of iron(IV)-oxo porphyrin species, resulting in the enhanced reactivities in oxidation reactions irrespective of the reaction type. To the best of the knowledge, this is the first extensive investigation on the intramolecular H-bonding effect in heme system. The results show that H-bonding interactions have a unified effect with iron(IV)-oxo porphyrin species in all three investigated reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Gong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430072P. R. China
| | - Liwei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430072P. R. China
| | - Yiran Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430072P. R. China
| | - Duanfeng Xie
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430072P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430072P. R. China
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano ScienceEwha Womans UniversitySeoul03760South Korea
| | - Mian Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430072P. R. China
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8
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Ross DL, Jasniewski AJ, Ziller JW, Bominaar EL, Hendrich MP, Borovik AS. Modulation of the Bonding between Copper and a Redox-Active Ligand by Hydrogen Bonds and Its Effect on Electronic Coupling and Spin States. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:500-513. [PMID: 38150413 PMCID: PMC11160172 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The exchange coupling of electron spins can strongly influence the properties of chemical species. The regulation of this type of electronic coupling has been explored within complexes that have multiple metal ions but to a lesser extent in complexes that pair a redox-active ligand with a single metal ion. To bridge this gap, we investigated the interplay among the structural and magnetic properties of mononuclear Cu complexes and exchange coupling between a Cu center and a redox-active ligand over three oxidation states. The computational analysis of the structural properties established a relationship between the complexes' magnetic properties and a bonding interaction involving a dx2-y2 orbital of the Cu ion and π orbital of the redox-active ligand that are close in energy. The additional bonding interaction affects the geometry around the Cu center and was found to be influenced by intramolecular H-bonds introduced by the external ligands. The ability to synthetically tune the d-π interactions using H-bonds illustrates a new type of control over the structural and magnetic properties of metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores L Ross
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Science II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Andrew J Jasniewski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Science II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Emile L Bominaar
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael P Hendrich
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - A S Borovik
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Science II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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9
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Thomas J, Goldberg DP. Factors controlling the reactivity of synthetic compound-I Analogs. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2023; 27:1489-1501. [PMID: 39132380 PMCID: PMC11308481 DOI: 10.1142/s1088424623300136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
A high-valent iron(IV)-oxo porphyrin radical cation (FeIV(O)(porph+•) serves as a key, reactive intermediate for a range of heme enzymes, including cytochrome P450 (CYP), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and catalase (CAT). Synthetic analogs of this intermediate, known as Compound-I (Cpd-I) in the heme enzyme literature, have been generated with different tetrapyrrolic, macrocyclic ligands, including porphyrin derivatives, and the closely related ring-contracted macrocycles, corroles and corrolazines. These synthetic analogs have been useful for assigning and understanding structural and spectroscopic features and examining the reactivity of Cpd-I-like species in controlled and well-defined environments. This review focuses on summarizing recent developments in the synthesis and reactivity of high-valent iron-oxo porphyrinoid complexes in two main classes of reactions, proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) and oxygen atom transfer (OAT). The relationship between the structure of the complexes and their reactivity is emphasized, including the influence of axial ligation and peripheral macrocyclic substitution, as well as the effects of solvent and secondary coordination spheres on the reactivity of the Cpd-I analogs. In bringing together the latest findings on Cpd-I analogs, this review intends to broaden our current understanding of the factors that control the stability and reactivity of Cpd-I species. This new knowledge should, in turn, point toward new synthetic strategies for constructing catalysts that rely on Cpd-I-like reactive intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jithin Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - David P. Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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10
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Follmer AH, Borovik AS. The role of basicity in selective C-H bond activation by transition metal-oxidos. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11005-11016. [PMID: 37497779 PMCID: PMC10619463 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01781h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The development of (bio)catalysts capable of selectively activating strong C-H bonds is a continuing challenge in modern chemistry. In both metalloenzymes and synthetic systems capable of activating C-H bonds, transition metal-oxido intermediates serve as the active species for reactivity whose thermodynamic properties influence the bond strengths they are capable of activating. In this Frontier article, we present current ideas of how the basicity of transition metal-oxidos impacts their reactivity with C-H bonds and present new opportunities within this field. We highlight recent insights into the role basicity plays in the activation process and its influence on mechanism, as well as the important role that secondary coordination sphere effects, such as hydrogen bonds, in tuning the basicity of the metal-oxido species is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec H Follmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA.
| | - A S Borovik
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA.
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11
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Mao YW, Zhang J, Zhang R, Li JQ, Wang AJ, Zhou XC, Feng JJ. N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Supported Fe-Mn Dual-Single-Atoms Nanozyme with Synergistically Enhanced Peroxidase Activity for Sensitive Colorimetric Detection of Acetylcholinesterase and Its Inhibitor. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37220384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and its inhibitors is of importance for early diagnosis and therapy of neurological diseases. Herein, N-doped carbon nanotubes supported Fe-Mn dual-single-atoms (FeMn DSAs/N-CNTs) were fabricated by a simple pyrolysis, as thoroughly figured out by a series of the characterization techniques. The peroxidase-like activity of FeMn DSAs/N-CNTs was investigated by catalytic oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to generate rich hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the H2O2 system, which effectively catalyzed colorless TMB oxidation to blue oxidized TMB (ox-TMB). Besides, the peroxidase-like activity was greatly weakened by thiocholine (derived from AChE), accompanied by making blue ox-TMB fade. Impressively, the highly improved peroxidase-like property is further evidenced by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, where the dual-single atoms show a lower energy barrier (0.079 eV) and their interactions with the N-CNTs played critical roles for producing the oxygen radicals. By virtue of the nanozyme, a low-cost, specific, and sensitive colorimetric sensor was built for detection of AChE with a broader linear range of 0.1-30 U L-1 and a lower limit of detection (LOD, 0.066 U L-1), combined with its feasible analysis in human serum samples. Also, this platform was applied for measuring huperzine A inhibitor with a wide linear scope of 5-500 nM and a LOD down to 4.17 nM. This strategy provides a low-cost and convenient approach for early clinical diagnosis and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wen Mao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ai-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiu-Ju Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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12
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Wang W, Song Q, Luo Q, Li L, Huo X, Chen S, Li J, Li Y, Shi S, Yuan Y, Du X, Zhang K, Wang N. Photothermal-enabled single-atom catalysts for high-efficiency hydrogen peroxide photosynthesis from natural seawater. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2493. [PMID: 37120639 PMCID: PMC10148870 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a powerful industrial oxidant and potential carbon-neutral liquid energy carrier. Sunlight-driven synthesis of H2O2 from the most earth-abundant O2 and seawater is highly desirable. However, the solar-to-chemical efficiency of H2O2 synthesis in particulate photocatalysis systems is low. Here, we present a cooperative sunlight-driven photothermal-photocatalytic system based on cobalt single-atom supported on sulfur doped graphitic carbon nitride/reduced graphene oxide heterostructure (Co-CN@G) to boost H2O2 photosynthesis from natural seawater. By virtue of the photothermal effect and synergy between Co single atoms and the heterostructure, Co-CN@G enables a solar-to-chemical efficiency of more than 0.7% under simulated sunlight irradiation. Theoretical calculations verify that the single atoms combined with heterostructure significantly promote the charge separation, facilitate O2 absorption and reduce the energy barriers for O2 reduction and water oxidation, eventually boosting H2O2 photoproduction. The single-atom photothermal-photocatalytic materials may provide possibility of large-scale H2O2 production from inexhaustible seawater in a sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
- Institute of New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Qun Song
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department Wood Technology and Wood-Based Composites, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Qiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China.
| | - Linqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Shipeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Jinyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Yunhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Se Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Yihui Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xiwen Du
- Institute of New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department Wood Technology and Wood-Based Composites, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China.
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13
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Birch-Price Z, Taylor CJ, Ortmayer M, Green AP. Engineering enzyme activity using an expanded amino acid alphabet. Protein Eng Des Sel 2022; 36:6825271. [PMID: 36370045 PMCID: PMC9863031 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme design and engineering strategies are typically constrained by the limited size of nature's genetic alphabet, comprised of only 20 canonical amino acids. In recent years, site-selective incorporation of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) via an expanded genetic code has emerged as a powerful means of inserting new functional components into proteins, with hundreds of structurally diverse ncAAs now available. Here, we highlight how the emergence of an expanded repertoire of amino acids has opened new avenues in enzyme design and engineering. ncAAs have been used to probe complex biological mechanisms, augment enzyme function and, most ambitiously, embed new catalytic mechanisms into protein active sites that would be challenging to access within the constraints of nature's genetic code. We predict that the studies reviewed in this article, along with further advances in genetic code expansion technology, will establish ncAA incorporation as an increasingly important tool for biocatalysis in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Birch-Price
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Christopher J Taylor
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Mary Ortmayer
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
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14
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Field MJ, Oyala PH, Green MT. 17O Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Analysis of Compound I: Inverse Correlation between Oxygen Spin Population and Electron Donation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19272-19283. [PMID: 36240444 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the activation of inert C-H bonds by metal-oxo complexes has been widely studied, important questions remain, particularly regarding the role of oxygen spin population (i.e., unpaired electrons on the oxo ligand) in facilitating C-H bond cleavage. In order to shed light on this issue, we have utilized 17O electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy to measure the oxygen spin populations of three compound I intermediates in heme enzymes with different reactivities toward C-H bonds: chloroperoxidase, cytochrome P450, and a selenolate (selenocysteinyl)-ligated cytochrome P450. The experimental data suggest an inverse correlation between oxygen spin population and electron donation from the axial ligand. We have explored the implications of this result using a Hückel-type molecular orbital model and constrained density functional theory calculations. These investigations have allowed us to examine the relationship between oxygen spin population, oxygen charge, electron donation from the axial ligand, and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie J Field
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California92697, United States
| | - Paul H Oyala
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Michael T Green
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California92697, United States
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15
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Omura K, Aiba Y, Suzuki K, Ariyasu S, Sugimoto H, Shoji O. A P450 Harboring Manganese Protoporphyrin IX Generates a Manganese Analogue of Compound I by Activating Dioxygen. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Omura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Aiba
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuto Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shinya Ariyasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugimoto
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Harima Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (Japan), Science and Technology Agency, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Osami Shoji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (Japan), Science and Technology Agency, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
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16
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Kaur S, Bera M, Santra A, Munshi S, Sterbinsky GE, Wu T, Moonshiram D, Paria S. Effect of Redox-Inactive Metal Ion-Nickel(III) Interactions on the Redox Properties and Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14252-14266. [PMID: 36041064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear nickel(II) and nickel(III) complexes of a bisamidate-bisalkoxide ligand, (NMe4)2[NiII(HMPAB)] (1) and (NMe4)[NiIII(HMPAB)] (2), respectively, have been synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques including X-ray crystallography. The reaction of redox-inactive metal ions (Mn+ = Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Y3+, and Sc3+) with 2 resulted in 2-Mn+ adducts, which was assessed by an array of spectroscopic techniques including X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and reactivity studies. The X-ray structure of Ca2+ coordinated to Ni(III) complexes, 2-Ca2+T, was determined and exhibited an average Ni-Ca distance of 3.1253 Å, close to the metal ions' covalent radius. XAS analysis of 2-Ca2+ and 2-Y3+ in solution further revealed an additional coordination to Ca and Y in the 2-Mn+ adducts with shortened Ni-M distances of 2.15 and 2.11 Å, respectively, implying direct bonding interactions between Ni and Lewis acids (LAs). Such a short interatomic distance between Ni(III) and M is unprecedented and was not observed before. EPR analysis of 2 and 2-Mn+ species, moreover, displayed rhombic signals with gav > 2.12 for all complexes, supporting the +III oxidation state of Ni. The NiIII/NiII redox potential of 2 and 2-Mn+ species was determined, and a plot of E1/2 of 2-Mn+ versus pKa of [M(H2O)n]m+ exhibited a linear relationship, implying that the NiIII/NiII potential of 2 can be tuned with different redox-inactive metal ions. Reactivity studies of 2 and 2-Mn+ with different 4-X-2,6-ditert-butylphenol (4-X-DTBP) and other phenol derivatives were performed, and based on kinetic studies, we propose the involvement of a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) pathway. Analysis of the reaction products after the reaction of 2 with 4-OMe-DTBP showed the formation of a Ni(II) complex (1a) where one of the alkoxide arms of the ligand is protonated. A pKa value of 24.2 was estimated for 1a. The reaction of 2-Mn+ species was examined with 4-OMe-DTBP, and it was observed that the k2 values of 2-Mn+ species increase by increasing the Lewis acidity of redox-inactive metal ions. However, the obtained k2 values for 2-Mn+ species are much lower compared to the k2 value for 2. Such a variation of PCET reactivity between 2 and 2-Mn+ species may be attributed to the interactions between Ni(III) and LAs. Our findings show the significance of the secondary coordination sphere effect on the PCET reactivity of Ni(III) complexes and furnish important insights into the reaction mechanism involving high-valent nickel species, which are frequently invoked as key intermediates in Ni-mediated enzymatic reactions, solar-fuel catalysis, and biomimetic/synthetic transformation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simarjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Moumita Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Aakash Santra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sandip Munshi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - George E Sterbinsky
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Tianpin Wu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Sayantan Paria
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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17
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Chang B, Zhang L, Wu S, Sun Z, Cheng Z. Engineering single-atom catalysts toward biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3688-3734. [PMID: 35420077 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00421b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to inherent structural defects, common nanocatalysts always display limited catalytic activity and selectivity, making it practically difficult for them to replace natural enzymes in a broad scope of biologically important applications. By decreasing the size of the nanocatalysts, their catalytic activity and selectivity will be substantially improved. Guided by this concept, the advances of nanocatalysts now enter an era of atomic-level precise control. Single-atom catalysts (denoted as SACs), characterized by atomically dispersed active sites, strikingly show utmost atomic utilization, precisely located metal centers, unique metal-support interactions and identical coordination environments. Such advantages of SACs drastically boost the specific activity per metal atom, and thus provide great potential for achieving superior catalytic activity and selectivity to functionally mimic or even outperform natural enzymes of interest. Although the size of the catalysts does matter, it is not clear whether the guideline of "the smaller, the better" is still correct for developing catalysts at the single-atom scale. Thus, it is clearly a new, urgent issue to address before further extending SACs into biomedical applications, representing an important branch of nanomedicine. This review begins by providing an overview of recent advances of synthesis strategies of SACs, which serve as a basis for the discussion of emerging achievements in improving the enzyme-like catalytic properties at an atomic level. Then, we carefully compare the structures and functions of catalysts at various scales from nanoparticles, nanoclusters, and few-atom clusters to single atoms. Contrary to conventional wisdom, SACs are not the most catalytically active catalysts in specific reactions, especially those requiring multi-site auxiliary activities. After that, we highlight the unique roles of SACs toward biomedical applications. To appreciate these advances, the challenges and prospects in rapidly growing studies of SACs-related catalytic nanomedicine are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Liqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Shaolong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Ziyan Sun
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China. .,Bohai rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264000, China.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
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18
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Zhang S, Li X, Wang Y, Wei J, Zhang X, Liu Y. Computational Study of the Peroxygenase Mechanism Catalyzed by Hemoglobin Dehaloperoxidase Involved in the Degradation of Chlorophenols. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:2628-2639. [PMID: 35080380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The biochemical evidence showed that hemoglobin dehaloperoxidase (DHP B) from Amphitrite Ornata is a multifunctional hemoprotein that catalyzes both dehalogenation and hydroxylation of halophenols via the peroxidase and peroxygenase mechanism, respectively, which sets the basis for the degradation of halophenols. In the peroxygenase mechanism, the reaction was previously suggested to be triggered either by the hydrogen atom abstraction by the Fe═O center or by the proton abstraction by His55. To illuminate the peroxygenase mechanism of DHP B at the atomistic level, on the basis of the high-resolution crystal structure, computational models were constructed, and a series of quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations have been performed. According to the calculation results, the pathway (Path a) initiated by the H-abstraction by the Fe═O center is feasible. In another pathway (Path b), His55 can abstract the proton from the hydroxyl group of the substrate (4-Cl-o-cresol) to initiate the reaction; however, its feasibility depends on the prior electron transfer from the substrate to the porphyrin group. The rate-limiting step of Path a is the OH-rebound, which corresponds to an energy barrier of 14.7 kcal/mol at the quartet state. His55 acts as an acid-base catalyst and directly involves in the catalysis. Our mutant study indicates that His55 can be replaced by other titratable residues. These findings may provide useful information for further understanding of the catalytic reaction of DHP B and for the design of enzymes in the degradation of pollutants, in particular, halophenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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19
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Jin H, Ye D, Shen L, Fu R, Tang Y, Jung JCY, Zhao H, Zhang J. Perspective for Single Atom Nanozymes Based Sensors: Advanced Materials, Sensing Mechanism, Selectivity Regulation, and Applications. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1499-1509. [PMID: 35014271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes are a kind of nanomaterial mimicking enzyme catalytic activity, which has aroused extensive interest in the fields of biosensors, biomedicine, and climate and ecosystems management. However, due to the complexity of structures and composition of nanozymes, atomic scale active centers have been extensively investigated, which helps with in-depth understanding of the nature of the biocatalysis. Single atom nanozymes (SANs) cannot only significantly enhance the activity of nanozymes but also effectively improve the selectivity of nanozymes owing to the characteristics of simple and adjustable coordination environment and have been becoming the brightest star in the nanozyme spectrum. The SANs based sensors have also been widely investigated due to their definite structural features, which can be helpful to study the catalytic mechanism and provide ways to improve catalytic activity. This perspective presents a comprehensive understanding on the advances and challenges on SANs based sensors. The catalytic mechanisms of SANs and then the sensing application from the perspectives of sensing technology and sensor construction are thoroughly analyzed. Finally, the major challenges, potential future research directions, and prospects for further research on SANs based sensors are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Jin
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Daixin Ye
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Lihua Shen
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Ruixue Fu
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Ya Tang
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Joey Chung-Yen Jung
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jiujun Zhang
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
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20
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Banerjee R, Srinivas V, Lebrette H. Ferritin-Like Proteins: A Conserved Core for a Myriad of Enzyme Complexes. Subcell Biochem 2022; 99:109-153. [PMID: 36151375 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-00793-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin-like proteins share a common fold, a four α-helix bundle core, often coordinating a pair of metal ions. Although conserved, the ferritin fold permits a diverse set of reactions, and is central in a multitude of macromolecular enzyme complexes. Here, we emphasize this diversity through three members of the ferritin-like superfamily: the soluble methane monooxygenase, the class I ribonucleotide reductase and the aldehyde deformylating oxygenase. They all rely on dinuclear metal cofactors to catalyze different challenging oxygen-dependent reactions through the formation of multi-protein complexes. Recent studies using cryo-electron microscopy, serial femtosecond crystallography at an X-ray free electron laser source, or single-crystal X-ray diffraction, have reported the structures of the active protein complexes, and revealed unprecedented insights into the molecular mechanisms of these three enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Vivek Srinivas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugo Lebrette
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaires (LMGM), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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21
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Karmalkar DG, Seo MS, Lee YM, Kim Y, Lee E, Sarangi R, Fukuzumi S, Nam W. Deeper Understanding of Mononuclear Manganese(IV)-Oxo Binding Brønsted and Lewis Acids and the Manganese(IV)-Hydroxide Complex. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16996-17007. [PMID: 34705465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Binding of Lewis acidic metal ions and Brønsted acid at the metal-oxo group of high-valent metal-oxo complexes enhances their reactivities significantly in oxidation reactions. However, such a binding of Lewis acids and proton at the metal-oxo group has been questioned in several cases and remains to be clarified. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity studies of a mononuclear manganese(IV)-oxo complex binding triflic acid, {[(dpaq)MnIV(O)]-HOTf}+ (1-HOTf). First, 1-HOTf was synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, including resonance Raman (rRaman) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy/extended X-ray absorption fine structure. In particular, in rRaman experiments, we observed a linear correlation between the Mn-O stretching frequencies of 1-HOTf (e.g., νMn-O at ∼793 cm-1) and 1-Mn+ (Mn+ = Ca2+, Zn2+, Lu3+, Al3+, or Sc3+) and the Lewis acidities of H+ and Mn+ ions, suggesting that H+ and Mn+ bind at the metal-oxo moiety of [(dpaq)MnIV(O)]+. Interestingly, a single-crystal structure of 1-HOTf was obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis, but the structure was not an expected Mn(IV)-oxo complex but a Mn(IV)-hydroxide complex, [(dpaq)MnIV(OH)](OTf)2 (4), with a Mn-O bond distance of 1.8043(19) Å and a Mn-O stretch at 660 cm-1. More interestingly, 4 reverted to 1-HOTf upon dissolution, demonstrating that 1-HOTf and 4 are interconvertible depending on the physical states, such as 1-HOTf in solution and 4 in isolated solid. The reactivity of 1-HOTf was investigated in hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reactions and then compared with those of 1-Mn+ complexes; an interesting correlation between the Mn-O stretching frequencies of 1-HOTf and 1-Mn+ and their reactivities in the OAT and HAT reactions is reported for the first time in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika G Karmalkar
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Mi Sook Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Youngsuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Ritimukta Sarangi
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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22
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Guo M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Lee YM, Fukuzumi S, Nam W. Enthalpy-Entropy Compensation Effect in Oxidation Reactions by Manganese(IV)-Oxo Porphyrins and Nonheme Iron(IV)-Oxo Models. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18559-18570. [PMID: 34723505 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
"Enthalpy-Entropy Compensation Effect" (EECE) is ubiquitous in chemical reactions; however, such an EECE has been rarely explored in biomimetic oxidation reactions. In this study, six manganese(IV)-oxo complexes bearing electron-rich and -deficient porphyrins are synthesized and investigated in various oxidation reactions, such as hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), oxygen atom transfer (OAT), and electron-transfer (ET) reactions. First, all of the six Mn(IV)-oxo porphyrins are highly reactive in the HAT, OAT, and ET reactions. Interestingly, we have observed a reversed reactivity in the HAT and OAT reactions by the electron-rich and -deficient Mn(IV)-oxo porphyrins, depending on reaction temperatures, but not in the ET reactions; the electron-rich Mn(IV)-oxo porphyrins are more reactive than the electron-deficient Mn(IV)-oxo porphyrins at high temperature (e.g., 0 °C), whereas at low temperature (e.g., -60 °C), the electron-deficient Mn(IV)-oxo porphyrins are more reactive than the electron-rich Mn(IV)-oxo porphyrins. Such a reversed reactivity between the electron-rich and -deficient Mn(IV)-oxo porphyrins depending on reaction temperatures is rationalized with EECE; that is, the lower is the activation enthalpy, the more negative is the activation entropy, and vice versa. Interestingly, a unified linear correlation between the activation enthalpies and the activation entropies is observed in the HAT and OAT reactions of the Mn(IV)-oxo porphyrins. Moreover, from the previously reported HAT reactions of nonheme Fe(IV)-oxo complexes, a linear correlation between the activation enthalpies and the activation entropies is also observed. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first detailed mechanistic study of EECE in the oxidation reactions by synthetic high-valent metal-oxo complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Jisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
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23
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Jesse KA, Anferov SW, Collins KA, Valdez-Moreira JA, Czaikowski ME, Filatov AS, Anderson JS. Direct Aerobic Generation of a Ferric Hydroperoxo Intermediate Via a Preorganized Secondary Coordination Sphere. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18121-18130. [PMID: 34698493 PMCID: PMC8569801 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes exert control over the reactivity of metal centers with precise tuning of the secondary coordination sphere of active sites. One particularly elegant illustration of this principle is in the controlled delivery of proton and electron equivalents in order to activate abundant but kinetically inert oxidants such as O2 for oxidative chemistry. Chemists have drawn inspiration from biology in designing molecular systems where the secondary coordination sphere can shuttle protons or electrons to substrates. However, a biomimetic activation of O2 requires the transfer of both protons and electrons, and molecular systems where ancillary ligands are designed to provide both of these equivalents are comparatively rare. Here, we report the use of a dihydrazonopyrrole (DHP) ligand complexed to Fe to perform exactly such a biomimetic activation of O2. In the presence of O2, this complex directly generates a high spin Fe(III)-hydroperoxo intermediate which features a DHP• ligand radical via ligand-based transfer of an H atom. This system displays oxidative reactivity and ultimately releases hydrogen peroxide, providing insight on how secondary coordination sphere interactions influence the evolution of oxidizing intermediates in Fe-mediated aerobic oxidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A. Jesse
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Sophie W. Anferov
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kelsey A. Collins
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | - Maia E. Czaikowski
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alexander S. Filatov
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John S. Anderson
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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24
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Ortmayer M, Hardy FJ, Quesne MG, Fisher K, Levy C, Heyes DJ, Catlow CRA, de Visser SP, Rigby SEJ, Hay S, Green AP. A Noncanonical Tryptophan Analogue Reveals an Active Site Hydrogen Bond Controlling Ferryl Reactivity in a Heme Peroxidase. JACS AU 2021; 1:913-918. [PMID: 34337604 PMCID: PMC8317151 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nature employs high-energy metal-oxo intermediates embedded within enzyme active sites to perform challenging oxidative transformations with remarkable selectivity. Understanding how different local metal-oxo coordination environments control intermediate reactivity and catalytic function is a long-standing objective. However, conducting structure-activity relationships directly in active sites has proven challenging due to the limited range of amino acid substitutions achievable within the constraints of the genetic code. Here, we use an expanded genetic code to examine the impact of hydrogen bonding interactions on ferryl heme structure and reactivity, by replacing the N-H group of the active site Trp51 of cytochrome c peroxidase by an S atom. Removal of a single hydrogen bond stabilizes the porphyrin π-cation radical state of CcP W191F compound I. In contrast, this modification leads to more basic and reactive neutral ferryl heme states, as found in CcP W191F compound II and the wild-type ferryl heme-Trp191 radical pair of compound I. This increased reactivity manifests in a >60-fold activity increase toward phenolic substrates but remarkably has negligible effects on oxidation of the biological redox partner cytc. Our data highlight how Trp51 tunes the lifetimes of key ferryl intermediates and works in synergy with the redox active Trp191 and a well-defined substrate binding site to regulate catalytic function. More broadly, this work shows how noncanonical substitutions can advance our understanding of active site features governing metal-oxo structure and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ortmayer
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Florence J. Hardy
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew G. Quesne
- Research
Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, United
Kingdom
- Cardiff
University, School of Chemistry, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10
3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Fisher
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Levy
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Derren J. Heyes
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - C. Richard A. Catlow
- Research
Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, United
Kingdom
- Cardiff
University, School of Chemistry, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10
3AT, United Kingdom
- Kathleen
Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, Western Central 1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sam P. de Visser
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science & Manchester Institute
of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen E. J. Rigby
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Hay
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P. Green
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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25
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Chen X, Zhao L, Wu K, Yang H, Zhou Q, Xu Y, Zheng Y, Shen Y, Liu S, Zhang Y. Bound oxygen-atom transfer endows peroxidase-mimic M-N-C with high substrate selectivity. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8865-8871. [PMID: 34257887 PMCID: PMC8246298 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02170b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanoscience have stimulated the wide exploration of nanozymes as alternatives to enzymes. Nonetheless, nanozymes often catalyze multiple reactions and are not specialized to a specific substrate, restricting their broad application. Here, we report that the substrate selectivity of the peroxidase-mimic M-N-C can be significantly altered via forming bound intermediates with variable interactions with substrates according to the type of metal. Taking two essential reactions in chemical sensing as an example, Fe-N-C and Co-N-C showed opposite catalytic selectivity for the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and 3-aminophthalhydrazide (luminol), respectively, by factors of up to 200-fold. It was revealed that specific transition metal-N coordination was the origin of the selective activation of H2O2 forming critically bound oxygen intermediates (M[double bond, length as m-dash]O) for oxygen-atom transfer and the consequent oxidization of substrates. Notably, owing to the embedded ligands in the rigid graphitic framework, surprisingly, the selectivity of M-N-C was even superior to that of commonly used horseradish peroxidase (HRP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Chen
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Lufang Zhao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Kaiqing Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Hong Yang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Yongjun Zheng
- Medical School, Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Medical School, Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
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26
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Oohora K, Hayashi T. Myoglobins engineered with artificial cofactors serve as artificial metalloenzymes and models of natural enzymes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1940-1949. [PMID: 33433532 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03597a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes naturally achieve various reactivities by assembling limited types of cofactors with endogenous amino acid residues. Enzymes containing metal porphyrinoid cofactors such as heme, cobalamin and F430 exert precise control over the reactivities of the cofactors with protein matrices. This perspective article focuses on our recent efforts to assemble metal complexes of non-natural porphyrinoids within the protein matrix of myoglobin, an oxygen storage hemoprotein. Engineered myoglobins with suitable metal complexes as artificial cofactors demonstrate unique reactivities toward C-H bond hydroxylation, olefin cyclopropanation, methyl group transfer and methane generation. In these cases, the protein matrix enhances the catalytic activities of the cofactors and allows us to monitor the active intermediates. The present findings indicate that placing artificial cofactors in protein matrices provides a useful strategy for creating artificial metalloenzymes that catalyse otherwise unfavourable reactions and providing enzyme models for elucidating the complicated reaction mechanisms of natural enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Oohora
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
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27
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Dunham NP, Arnold FH. Nature's Machinery, Repurposed: Expanding the Repertoire of Iron-Dependent Oxygenases. ACS Catal 2020; 10:12239-12255. [PMID: 33282461 PMCID: PMC7710332 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an especially important redox-active cofactor in biology because of its ability to mediate reactions with atmospheric O2. Iron-dependent oxygenases exploit this earth-abundant transition metal for the insertion of oxygen atoms into organic compounds. Throughout the astounding diversity of transformations catalyzed by these enzymes, the protein framework directs reactive intermediates toward the precise formation of products, which, in many cases, necessitates the cleavage of strong C-H bonds. In recent years, members of several iron-dependent oxygenase families have been engineered for new-to-nature transformations that offer advantages over conventional synthetic methods. In this Perspective, we first explore what is known about the reactivity of heme-dependent cytochrome P450 oxygenases and nonheme iron-dependent oxygenases bearing the 2-His-1-carboxylate facial triad by reviewing mechanistic studies with an emphasis on how the protein scaffold maximizes the catalytic potential of the iron-heme and iron cofactors. We then review how these cofactors have been repurposed for abiological transformations by engineering the protein frameworks of these enzymes. Finally, we discuss contemporary challenges associated with engineering these platforms and comment on their roles in biocatalysis moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah P. Dunham
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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28
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Tinzl M, Hilvert D. Trapping Transient Protein Species by Genetic Code Expansion. Chembiochem 2020; 22:92-99. [PMID: 32810341 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nature employs a limited number of genetically encoded amino acids for the construction of functional proteins. By engineering components of the cellular translation machinery, however, it is now possible to genetically encode noncanonical building blocks with tailored electronic and structural properties. The ability to incorporate unique chemical functionality into proteins provides a powerful tool to probe mechanism and create novel function. In this minireview, we highlight several recent studies that illustrate how noncanonical amino acids have been used to capture and characterize reactive intermediates, fine-tune the catalytic properties of enzymes, and stabilize short-lived protein-protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Tinzl
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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29
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Kumar R, Pandey B, Sen A, Ansari M, Sharma S, Rajaraman G. Role of oxidation state, ferryl-oxygen, and ligand architecture on the reactivity of popular high-valent FeIV=O species: A theoretical perspective. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Srinivas V, Banerjee R, Lebrette H, Jones JC, Aurelius O, Kim IS, Pham CC, Gul S, Sutherlin KD, Bhowmick A, John J, Bozkurt E, Fransson T, Aller P, Butryn A, Bogacz I, Simon P, Keable S, Britz A, Tono K, Kim KS, Park SY, Lee SJ, Park J, Alonso-Mori R, Fuller FD, Batyuk A, Brewster AS, Bergmann U, Sauter NK, Orville AM, Yachandra VK, Yano J, Lipscomb JD, Kern J, Högbom M. High-Resolution XFEL Structure of the Soluble Methane Monooxygenase Hydroxylase Complex with its Regulatory Component at Ambient Temperature in Two Oxidation States. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14249-14266. [PMID: 32683863 PMCID: PMC7457426 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) is a multicomponent metalloenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of methane to methanol at ambient temperature using a nonheme, oxygen-bridged dinuclear iron cluster in the active site. Structural changes in the hydroxylase component (sMMOH) containing the diiron cluster caused by complex formation with a regulatory component (MMOB) and by iron reduction are important for the regulation of O2 activation and substrate hydroxylation. Structural studies of metalloenzymes using traditional synchrotron-based X-ray crystallography are often complicated by partial X-ray-induced photoreduction of the metal center, thereby obviating determination of the structure of the enzyme in pure oxidation states. Here, microcrystals of the sMMOH:MMOB complex from Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b were serially exposed to X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) pulses, where the ≤35 fs duration of exposure of an individual crystal yields diffraction data before photoreduction-induced structural changes can manifest. Merging diffraction patterns obtained from thousands of crystals generates radiation damage-free, 1.95 Å resolution crystal structures for the fully oxidized and fully reduced states of the sMMOH:MMOB complex for the first time. The results provide new insight into the manner by which the diiron cluster and the active site environment are reorganized by the regulatory protein component in order to enhance the steps of oxygen activation and methane oxidation. This study also emphasizes the value of XFEL and serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) methods for investigating the structures of metalloenzymes with radiation sensitive metal active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Srinivas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rahul Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55391 U.S.A
| | - Hugo Lebrette
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jason C. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55391 U.S.A
| | - Oskar Aurelius
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - In-Sik Kim
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 U.S.A
| | - Cindy C. Pham
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 U.S.A
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 U.S.A
| | - Kyle D. Sutherlin
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 U.S.A
| | - Asmit Bhowmick
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 U.S.A
| | - Juliane John
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Esra Bozkurt
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Fransson
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierre Aller
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Agata Butryn
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Isabel Bogacz
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 U.S.A
| | - Philipp Simon
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 U.S.A
| | - Stephen Keable
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 U.S.A
| | - Alexander Britz
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 U.S.A
| | - Kensuke Tono
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-gun 679 5198, Japan
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, South Korea
| | - Sang-Youn Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, South Korea
| | - Sang Jae Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, South Korea
| | - Jaehyun Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, South Korea
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 U.S.A
| | - Franklin D. Fuller
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 U.S.A
| | - Alexander Batyuk
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 U.S.A
| | - Aaron S. Brewster
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 U.S.A
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025 U.S.A
| | - Nicholas K. Sauter
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 U.S.A
| | - Allen M. Orville
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Vittal K. Yachandra
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 U.S.A
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 U.S.A
| | - John D. Lipscomb
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55391 U.S.A
| | - Jan Kern
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 U.S.A
| | - Martin Högbom
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Wu W, Huang L, Wang E, Dong S. Atomic engineering of single-atom nanozymes for enzyme-like catalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9741-9756. [PMID: 34094238 PMCID: PMC8162425 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03522j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme mimics, especially nanozymes, play a crucial role in replacing natural enzymes for diverse applications related to bioanalysis, therapeutics and other enzyme-like catalysis. Nanozymes are catalytic nanomaterials with enzyme-like properties, which currently face formidable challenges with respect to their intricate structure, properties and mechanism in comparison with enzymes. The latest emergence of single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) undoubtedly promoted the nanozyme technologies to the atomic level and provided new opportunities to break through their inherent limitations. In this perspective, we discuss key aspects of SAzymes, including the advantages of the single-site structure, and the derived synergetic enhancements of enzyme-like activity, catalytic selectivity and the mechanism, as well as the superiority in biological and catalytic applications, and then highlight challenges that SAzymes face and provide relevant guidelines from our point of view for the rational design and extensive applications of SAzymes, so that SAzyme may achieve its full potential as the next-generation nanozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Liang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Shaojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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32
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Zhang P, Tong Y, Liu Y, Vequizo JJM, Sun H, Yang C, Yamakata A, Fan F, Lin W, Wang X, Choi W. Heteroatom Dopants Promote Two‐Electron O
2
Reduction for Photocatalytic Production of H
2
O
2
on Polymeric Carbon Nitride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16209-16217. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Yawen Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Junie Jhon M. Vequizo
- Graduate School of Engineering Toyota Technological Institute 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku Nagoya 468-8511 Japan
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Can Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Akira Yamakata
- Graduate School of Engineering Toyota Technological Institute 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku Nagoya 468-8511 Japan
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Wonyong Choi
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
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33
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Zhang P, Tong Y, Liu Y, Vequizo JJM, Sun H, Yang C, Yamakata A, Fan F, Lin W, Wang X, Choi W. Heteroatom Dopants Promote Two‐Electron O
2
Reduction for Photocatalytic Production of H
2
O
2
on Polymeric Carbon Nitride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Yawen Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Junie Jhon M. Vequizo
- Graduate School of Engineering Toyota Technological Institute 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku Nagoya 468-8511 Japan
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Can Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Akira Yamakata
- Graduate School of Engineering Toyota Technological Institute 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku Nagoya 468-8511 Japan
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Wonyong Choi
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
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34
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Ferousi C, Majer SH, DiMucci IM, Lancaster KM. Biological and Bioinspired Inorganic N-N Bond-Forming Reactions. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5252-5307. [PMID: 32108471 PMCID: PMC7339862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The metallobiochemistry underlying the formation of the inorganic N-N-bond-containing molecules nitrous oxide (N2O), dinitrogen (N2), and hydrazine (N2H4) is essential to the lifestyles of diverse organisms. Similar reactions hold promise as means to use N-based fuels as alternative carbon-free energy sources. This review discusses research efforts to understand the mechanisms underlying biological N-N bond formation in primary metabolism and how the associated reactions are tied to energy transduction and organismal survival. These efforts comprise studies of both natural and engineered metalloenzymes as well as synthetic model complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ferousi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Sean H Majer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ida M DiMucci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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35
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Ortmayer M, Fisher K, Basran J, Wolde-Michael EM, Heyes DJ, Levy C, Lovelock SL, Anderson JLR, Raven EL, Hay S, Rigby SEJ, Green AP. Rewiring the "Push-Pull" Catalytic Machinery of a Heme Enzyme Using an Expanded Genetic Code. ACS Catal 2020; 10:2735-2746. [PMID: 32550044 PMCID: PMC7273622 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
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Nature
employs a limited number of genetically encoded axial ligands
to control diverse heme enzyme activities. Deciphering the functional
significance of these ligands requires a quantitative understanding of how their electron-donating
capabilities modulate the structures and reactivities of the iconic
ferryl intermediates compounds I and II. However, probing these relationships
experimentally has proven to be challenging as ligand substitutions
accessible via conventional mutagenesis do not allow fine tuning of
electron donation and typically abolish catalytic function. Here,
we exploit engineered translation components to replace the histidine
ligand of cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) by a less electron-donating Nδ-methyl histidine (Me-His) with little effect on the enzyme structure.
The rate of formation (k1) and the reactivity
(k2) of compound I are unaffected by ligand
substitution. In contrast, proton-coupled electron transfer to compound
II (k3) is 10-fold slower in CcP Me-His, providing a direct link between electron donation
and compound II reactivity, which can be explained by weaker electron
donation from the Me-His ligand (“the push”) affording
an electron-deficient ferryl oxygen with reduced proton affinity (“the
pull”). The deleterious effects of the Me-His ligand can be
fully compensated by introducing a W51F mutation designed to increase
“the pull” by removing a hydrogen bond to the ferryl
oxygen. Analogous substitutions in ascorbate peroxidase lead to similar
activity trends to those observed in CcP, suggesting
that a common mechanistic strategy is employed by enzymes using distinct
electron transfer pathways. Our study highlights how noncanonical
active site substitutions can be used to directly probe and deconstruct
highly evolved bioinorganic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ortmayer
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Karl Fisher
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Jaswir Basran
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Emmanuel M. Wolde-Michael
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Derren J. Heyes
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Colin Levy
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Sarah L. Lovelock
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - J. L. Ross Anderson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K
| | - Emma L. Raven
- School of Chemistry, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Sam Hay
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Stephen E. J. Rigby
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Anthony P. Green
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
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Su H, Wang B, Shaik S. Quantum-Mechanical/Molecular-Mechanical Studies of CYP11A1-Catalyzed Biosynthesis of Pregnenolone from Cholesterol Reveal a C-C Bond Cleavage Reaction That Occurs by a Compound I-Mediated Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:20079-20088. [PMID: 31741382 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We explore here a long-standing mechanistic question by using quantum-mechanical/molecular-mechanical (QM/MM) methodology. The question concerns the mechanism of steroid hormone biosynthesis, whereby the P450 enzyme, CYP11A1, catalyzes the C20-C22 bond-cleavage in the 20,22-hydroxylated cholesterol, 20R,22R-DiOHCH, leading to pregnenolone, which is critical for the subsequent production of all steroid hormones. This is an unusual feat whereby the P450 enzyme breaks two O-H bonds and one C-C bond, while making two C═O bonds. How does the enzyme perform such a complex and highly energy-demanding reaction? Our computational results rule out the previously proposed Compound I (Cpd I) electrophilic attack mechanism via the formation of a peroxide intermediate as well as the H-abstraction-mediated C-C cleavage mechanism. Notably, oxygen-rebound cannot transpire, in spite of the fact that the classical active species, Cpd I, participates in the catalytic process. Our findings reveal a mechanism whereby C-C bond cleavage is mediated by an electron transfer from the C22-O--deprotonated substrate to Cpd I. As such, our QM/MM calculations demonstrate that Cpd I acts as an electron sink that facilitates the C-C bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Su
- Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , 9190400 Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Binju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 360015 , P. R. China
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , 9190400 Jerusalem , Israel
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38
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Carminati DM, Fasan R. Stereoselective Cyclopropanation of Electron-Deficient Olefins with a Cofactor Redesigned Carbene Transferase Featuring Radical Reactivity. ACS Catal 2019; 9:9683-9697. [PMID: 32257582 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Engineered myoglobins and other hemoproteins have recently emerged as promising catalysts for asymmetric olefin cyclopropanation reactions via carbene transfer chemistry. Despite this progress, the transformation of electron-poor alkenes has proven very challenging using these systems. Here, we describe the design of a myoglobin-based carbene transferase incorporating a non-native iron-porphyrin cofactor and axial ligand, as an efficient catalyst for the asymmetric cyclopropanation of electron-deficient alkenes. Using this metalloenzyme, a broad range of both electron-rich and electron-deficient alkenes are cyclopropanated with high efficiency and high diastereo- and enantioselectivity (up to >99% de and ee). Mechanistic studies revealed that the expanded reaction scope of this carbene transferase is dependent upon the acquisition of metallocarbene radical reactivity as a result of the reconfigured coordination environment around the metal center. The radical-based reactivity of this system diverges from the electrophilic reactivity of myoglobin and most of known organometallic carbene transfer catalysts. This work showcases the value of cofactor redesign toward tuning and expanding the reactivity of metalloproteins in abiological reactions and it provides a biocatalytic solution to the asymmetric cyclopropanation of electrodeficient alkenes. The metallocarbene radical reactivity exhibited by this biocatalyst is anticipated to prove useful in the context of a variety of other synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M. Carminati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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39
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Ng WM, Guo X, Cheung WM, So YM, Chong MC, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Lin Z, Leung WH. 4-Coordinated, 14-electron ruthenium(ii) chalcogenolate complexes: synthesis, electronic structure and reactions with PhICl 2 and organic azides. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13315-13325. [PMID: 31429838 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The 4-coordinated RuII chalcogenolate complexes [Ru(STipp)2(PPh3)2] (Tipp = 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl, 1) and [Ru(SeMes)2(PPh3)2] (Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 2) have been synthesized, and their reactions with PhICl2 and organic azides have been studied. Complex 2 synthesized from [RuII(PPh3)3Cl2] and NaSeMes displays a seesaw structure with P-Ru-P and Se-Ru-Se bond angles of 103.43(13) and 145.26(6)°, respectively. Natural bond order analyses revealed that in each of 1 and 2, there are two n →σ* (donor-acceptor) π interactions between the chalcogen lone pairs and the Ru-P antibonding molecular orbitals. The calculated second-order perturbation interaction energies of the two interactions for 1 (20.5 and 18.3 kcal mol-1) are stronger than those of 2 (13.6 and 11.0 kcal mol-1), suggesting the thiolate ligand (TippS-) is a stronger π-donor than the selenolate ligand (MesSe-) with respect to RuII. Chlorination of 1 with PhICl2 afforded the dichloride complex [Ru(STipp)2Cl2(PPh3)] (3), which was hydrolyzed to the hydroxo complex [Ru(STipp)2(OH)Cl(PPh3)] (4) after column chromatography on silica in air. Treatment of 4 with HCl and methyl triflate gave 3 and [Ru(STipp)2(OH)(OTf)(PPh3)] (OTf = triflate, 5), respectively. Reactions of 1 and 2 with p-tolyl azide (p-tolN3) afforded the tetrazene complexes [Ru{N4(p-tol)2}(ER)2(PPh3)] (ER = STipp (6), SeMes (7)), whereas that with tosyl azide (TsN3) gave the imido complexes [Ru(κ2-NTs)(STipp)2(PPh3)] (ER = STipp (8), SeMes (10)). The short Ru-Nimido distances in 8 [1.883(3) Å] and 10 [1.892(2) Å] are indicative of multiple bond character. Treatment of 8 with TsN3 afforded the tetrazene complex [Ru(N4Ts2)(STipp)2(PPh3)] (9), but no cycloaddition was found between 10 and TsN3. Nucleophilic attack of the imido ligand in 10 with methyl triflate yielded the amido complex [Ru(κ2-NMeTs)(SeMes)2(PPh3)](OTf) (11). The crystal structures of 2, 4, 6, and 8-11 have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Ming Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Xueying Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Wai-Man Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Yat-Ming So
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Man-Chun Chong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Herman H-Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Wa-Hung Leung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
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40
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Wegeberg C, Browne WR, McKenzie CJ. cis Donor Influence on O–O Bond Lability in Iron(III) Hydroperoxo Complexes: Oxidation Catalysis and Ligand Transformation. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8983-8994. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wegeberg
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R. Browne
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine J. McKenzie
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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41
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Zhang J, Huang X, Zhang RK, Arnold FH. Enantiodivergent α-Amino C-H Fluoroalkylation Catalyzed by Engineered Cytochrome P450s. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9798-9802. [PMID: 31187993 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of fluoroalkyl groups into organic compounds can significantly alter pharmacological characteristics. One enabling but underexplored approach for the installation of fluoroalkyl groups is selective C( sp3)-H functionalization due to the ubiquity of C-H bonds in organic molecules. We have engineered heme enzymes that can insert fluoroalkyl carbene intermediates into α-amino C( sp3)-H bonds and enable enantiodivergent synthesis of fluoroalkyl-containing molecules. Using directed evolution, we engineered cytochrome P450 enzymes to catalyze this abiological reaction under mild conditions with total turnovers (TTN) up to 4070 and enantiomeric excess (ee) up to 99%. The iron-heme catalyst is fully genetically encoded and configurable by directed evolution so that just a few mutations to the enzyme completely inverted product enantioselectivity. These catalysts provide a powerful method for synthesis of chiral organofluorine molecules that is currently not possible with small-molecule catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juner Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard , MC 210-41, Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Xiongyi Huang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard , MC 210-41, Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Ruijie K Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard , MC 210-41, Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Frances H Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard , MC 210-41, Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
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42
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Erdogan H. One small step for cytochrome P450 in its catalytic cycle, one giant leap for enzymology. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619300040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The intermediates operating in the cytochrome P450 catalytic cycle have been investigated for more than half a century, fascinating many enzymologists. Each intermediate has its unique role to carry out diverse oxidations. Natural time course of the catalytic cycle is quite fast, hence, not all of the reactive intermediates could be isolated during physiological catalysis. Different high-valent iron intermediates have been proposed as primary oxidants: the candidates are compound 0 (Cpd 0, [FeOOH][Formula: see text]P450) and compound I (Cpd I, Fe(IV)[Formula: see text]O por[Formula: see text]P450). Among them, the role of Cpd I in hydroxylation is fairly well understood due the discovery of the peroxide shunt. This review endeavors to put the outstanding research efforts conducted to isolate and characterize the intermediates together. In addition to spectral features of each intermediate in the catalytic cycle, the oxidizing powers of Cpd 0 and Cpd I will be discussed along with most recent scientific findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huriye Erdogan
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
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43
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Huang L, Chen J, Gan L, Wang J, Dong S. Single-atom nanozymes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav5490. [PMID: 31058221 PMCID: PMC6499548 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav5490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional nanozyme technologies face formidable challenges of intricate size-, composition-, and facet-dependent catalysis and inherently low active site density. We discovered a new class of single-atom nanozymes with atomically dispersed enzyme-like active sites in nanomaterials, which significantly enhanced catalytic performance, and uncovered the underlying mechanism. With oxidase catalysis as a model reaction, experimental studies and theoretical calculations revealed that single-atom nanozymes with carbon nanoframe-confined FeN5 active centers (FeN5 SA/CNF) catalytically behaved like the axial ligand-coordinated heme of cytochrome P450. The definite active moieties and crucial synergistic effects endow FeN5 SA/CNF with a clear electron push-effect mechanism, as well as the highest oxidase-like activity among other nanozymes (the rate constant is 70 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C) and versatile antibacterial applications. These suggest that the single-atom nanozymes have great potential to become the next-generation nanozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Linfeng Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Shaojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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44
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Moore EJ, Fasan R. Effect of proximal ligand substitutions on the carbene and nitrene transferase activity of myoglobin. Tetrahedron 2019; 75:2357-2363. [PMID: 31133770 PMCID: PMC6534480 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Engineered myoglobins were recently shown to be effective catalysts for abiological carbene and nitrene transfer reactions. Here, we investigated the impact of substituting the conserved heme-coordinating histidine residue with both proteinogenic (Cys, Ser, Tyr, Asp) and non-proteinogenic Lewis basic amino acids (3-(3'-pyridyl)-alanine, p-aminophenylalanine, and β-(3-thienyl)-alanine), on the reactivity of this metalloprotein toward these abiotic transformations. These studies showed that mutation of the proximal histidine residue with both natural and non-natural amino acids result in stable myoglobin variants that can function as both carbene and nitrene transferases. In addition, substitution of the proximal histidine with an aspartate residue led to a myoglobin-based catalyst capable of promoting stereoselective olefin cyclopropanation under nonreducing conditions. Overall, these studies demonstrate that proximal ligand substitution provides a promising strategy to tune the reactivity of myoglobin-based carbene and nitrene transfer catalysts and provide a first, proof-of-principle demonstration of the viability of pyridine-, thiophene-, and aniline-based unnatural amino acids for metalloprotein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States.
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States.
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45
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Mittra K, Green MT. Reduction Potentials of P450 Compounds I and II: Insight into the Thermodynamics of C-H Bond Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5504-5510. [PMID: 30892878 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a mixed experimental/theoretical determination of the bond strengths and redox potentials that define the ground-state thermodynamics for C-H bond activation in cytochrome P450 catalysis. Using redox titrations with [Ir(IV)Cl6]2-, we have determined the compound II/ferric (or Fe(IV)OH/Fe(III)OH2) couple and its associated D(O-H)Ferric bond strength in CYP158. Knowledge of this potential as well as the compound II/ferric (or Fe(IV)O/Fe(III)OH) reduction potential in horseradish peroxidase and the two-electron compound I/ferric (or Fe(IV)O(Por•)/Fe(III)OH2(Por)) reduction potential in aromatic peroxidase has allowed us to gauge the accuracy of theoretically determined bond strengths. Using the restricted open shell (ROS) method as proposed by Wright and co-workers, we have obtained O-H bond strengths and associated redox potentials for charge-neutral H-atom reductions of these iron(IV)-hydroxo and -oxo porphyrin species that are within 1 kcal/mol of experimentally determined values, suggesting that the ROS method may provide accurate values for the P450-II O-H bond strength and P450-I reduction potential. The efforts detailed here indicate that the ground-state thermodynamics of C-H bond activation in P450 are best described as follows: E0'Comp-I = 1.22 V (at pH 7, vs NHE) with D(O-H)Comp-II = 95 kcal/mol and E0'Comp-II = 0.99 V (at pH 7, vs NHE) with D(O-H)Ferric = 90 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustuv Mittra
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Michael T Green
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
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46
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Sankaralingam M, Lee YM, Pineda-Galvan Y, Karmalkar DG, Seo MS, Jeon SH, Pushkar Y, Fukuzumi S, Nam W. Redox Reactivity of a Mononuclear Manganese-Oxo Complex Binding Calcium Ion and Other Redox-Inactive Metal Ions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1324-1336. [PMID: 30580510 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mononuclear nonheme manganese(IV)-oxo complexes binding calcium ion and other redox-inactive metal ions, [(dpaq)MnIV(O)]+-M n+ (1-Mn+, M n+ = Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Lu3+, Y3+, Al3+, and Sc3+) (dpaq = 2-[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)]amino- N-quinolin-8-yl-acetamidate), were synthesized by reacting a hydroxomanganese(III) complex, [(dpaq)MnIII(OH)]+, with iodosylbenzene (PhIO) in the presence of redox-inactive metal ions (M n+). The Mn(IV)-oxo complexes were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. In reactivity studies, we observed contrasting effects of M n+ on the reactivity of 1-M n+ in redox reactions such as electron-transfer (ET), oxygen atom transfer (OAT), and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactions. In the OAT and ET reactions, the reactivity order of 1-M n+, such as 1-Sc3+ ≈ 1-Al3+ > 1-Y3+ > 1-Lu3+ > 1-Zn2+ > 1-Mg2+ > 1-Ca2+, follows the Lewis acidity of M n+ bound to the Mn-O moiety; that is, the stronger the Lewis acidity of M n+, the higher the reactivity of 1-M n+ becomes. In sharp contrast, the reactivity of 1-M n+ in the HAT reaction was reversed, giving the reactivity order 1-Ca2+ > 1-Mg2+ > 1-Zn2+ > 1-Lu3+> 1-Y3+> 1-Al3+ ≈ 1-Sc3+; that is, the higher is Lewis acidity of M n+, the lower the reactivity of 1-M n+ in the HAT reaction. The latter result implies that the Lewis acidity of M n+ bound to the Mn-O moiety can modulate the basicity of the metal-oxo moiety, thus influencing the HAT reactivity of 1-M n+; cytochrome P450 utilizes the axial thiolate ligand to increase the basicity of the iron-oxo moiety, which enhances the reactivity of compound I in C-H bond activation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Korea
| | - Yuliana Pineda-Galvan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Purdue University , 525 Northwestern Avenue , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Deepika G Karmalkar
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Korea
| | - Mi Sook Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Korea
| | - So Hyun Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Korea
| | - Yulia Pushkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Purdue University , 525 Northwestern Avenue , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Korea.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, SENTAN, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Meijo University , Nagoya , Aichi 468-8502 , Japan
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Korea.,State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou , 730000 , China
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47
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Lu X, Li XX, Seo MS, Lee YM, Clémancey M, Maldivi P, Latour JM, Sarangi R, Fukuzumi S, Nam W. A Mononuclear Nonheme Iron(IV)-Amido Complex Relevant for the Compound II Chemistry of Cytochrome P450. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:80-83. [PMID: 30558411 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A mononuclear nonheme iron(IV)-amido complex bearing a tetraamido macrocyclic ligand, [(TAML)FeIV(NHTs)]- (1), was synthesized via a hydrogen atom (H atom) abstraction reaction of an iron(V)-imido complex, [(TAML)FeV(NTs)]- (2), and fully characterized using various spectroscopies. We then investigated (1) the p Ka of 1, (2) the reaction of 1 with a carbon-centered radical, and (3) the H atom abstraction reaction of 1. To the best of our knowledge, the present study reports for the first time the synthesis and chemical properties/reactions of a high-valent iron(IV)-amido complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Korea
| | - Xiao-Xi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Korea
| | - Mi Sook Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Korea
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Korea
| | - Martin Clémancey
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CEA, CNRS, BIG, LCBM , Grenoble F-38000 , France
| | - Pascale Maldivi
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CEA, CNRS, INAC, SYMMES , Grenoble F-38000 , France
| | - Jean-Marc Latour
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CEA, CNRS, BIG, LCBM , Grenoble F-38000 , France
| | - Ritimukta Sarangi
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford , California 94025 , United States
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Korea.,State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
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48
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Zhang RK, Huang X, Arnold FH. Selective CH bond functionalization with engineered heme proteins: new tools to generate complexity. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 49:67-75. [PMID: 30343008 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CH functionalization is an attractive strategy to construct and diversify molecules. Heme proteins, predominantly cytochromes P450, are responsible for an array of CH oxidations in biology. Recent work has coupled concepts from synthetic chemistry, computation, and natural product biosynthesis to engineer heme protein systems to deliver products with tailored oxidation patterns. Heme protein catalysis has been shown to go well beyond these native reactions and now accesses new-to-nature CH transformations, including CN and CC bond forming processes. Emerging work with these systems moves us along the ambitious path of building complexity from the ubiquitous CH bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie K Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Xiongyi Huang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Frances H Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States.
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49
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Honda Y, Nanasawa K, Fujii H. Coexpression of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthase Gene Facilitates Heterologous Production of Thermostable Cytochrome P450, CYP119, in Holo Form in Escherichia coli. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2156-2159. [PMID: 30101489 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes are heme-containing monooxygenases that exhibit potential as biocatalysts for practical applications. The Escherichia coli expression system is frequently used for biocatalyst production; however, heterologous production of hemeproteins in their holo form is difficult due to insufficient heme synthesis by the host. In this study, 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS) from Rhodobacter capsulatus is used to accelerate intracellular heme biosynthesis in E. coli; this demonstrates that coexpression of the ALAS gene (ALAS) improves the heterologous production of cytochrome P450, CYP119, from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Coexpression of ALAS increased the amount of heterologous CYP119 isolated and the ratio of its holo form. The ratio of holo-CYP119 resulting from the coexpression of ALAS in E. coli was 99 %, whereas that from cells expressing CYP119 exclusively was 66 %. Coexpression of ALAS is a promising alternative for the efficient heterologous production of hemeproteins by using E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Kitauoyanishi-machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Kii Nanasawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Kitauoyanishi-machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Kitauoyanishi-machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
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50
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Thyer R, Shroff R, Klein DR, d'Oelsnitz S, Cotham VC, Byrom M, Brodbelt JS, Ellington AD. Custom selenoprotein production enabled by laboratory evolution of recoded bacterial strains. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36:624-631. [PMID: 29863724 PMCID: PMC6035053 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of the rare amino acid selenocysteine to form diselenide bonds can improve stability and function of synthetic peptide therapeutics. However, application of this approach to recombinant proteins has been hampered by heterogeneous incorporation, low selenoprotein yields, and poor fitness of bacterial producer strains. We report the evolution of recoded Escherichia coli strains with improved fitness that are superior hosts for recombinant selenoprotein production. We apply an engineered β-lactamase containing an essential diselenide bond to enforce selenocysteine dependence during continuous evolution of recoded E. coli strains. Evolved strains maintain an expanded genetic code indefinitely. We engineer a fluorescent reporter to quantify selenocysteine incorporation in vivo and show complete decoding of UAG codons as selenocysteine. Replacement of native, labile disulfide bonds in antibody fragments with diselenide bonds vastly improves resistance to reducing conditions. Highly seleno-competent bacterial strains enable industrial-scale selenoprotein expression and unique diselenide architecture, advancing our ability to customize the selenoproteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Thyer
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Raghav Shroff
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Dustin R Klein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Simon d'Oelsnitz
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Victoria C Cotham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Michelle Byrom
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Andrew D Ellington
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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