1
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Bao X, Sun M, Meng L, Zhang H, Yi X, Zhang P. Applications of pyroptosis activators in tumor immunotherapy. Mater Today Bio 2024; 28:101191. [PMID: 39221221 PMCID: PMC11363858 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Contemporary progress in tumor immunotherapy has solidified its role as an effective approach in combating cancer. Nonetheless, the prevalent "immune cold" state within the tumor microenvironment poses a substantial barrier to its efficacy. Addressing this, pyroptosis-a gasdermin-mediated programmed cell death characterized by its inflammatory profile-emerges as a crucial mechanism. It catalyzes the release of vast quantities of pro-inflammatory cytokines and immunogens, potentially transforming immunosuppressive "cold" tumors into reactive "hot" ones. Herein, we will initially present an overview of pyroptosis as a distinct form of cell death, along with its molecular mechanisms. Subsequently, we will focus on introducing how pyroptosis activators are utilized in the field of tumor immunotherapy. Insights gained from applications of pyroptosis activators in tumor immunotherapy could lead to the development of safe and efficient pyroptosis activators, significantly enriching the arsenal for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bao
- Department of Thyroid, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- Department of Thyroid, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, PR China
| | - Lingfei Meng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Thyroid, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, PR China
| | - Xuan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
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2
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Wu CS, Sun X, Liu L, Cheng L. A Live-Cell Epigenome Manipulation by Photo-Stimuli-Responsive Histone Methyltransferase Inhibitor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404608. [PMID: 39250325 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications on the histone H3 tail regulate chromatin structure, impact epigenetics, and hence the gene expressions. Current chemical modulation tools, such as unnatural amino acid incorporation, protein splicing, and sortase-based editing, have allowed for the modification of histones with various PTMs in cellular contexts, but are not applicable for editing native chromatin. The use of small organic molecules to manipulate histone-modifying enzymes alters endogenous histone PTMs but lacks precise temporal and spatial control. To date, there has been no achievement in modulating histone methylation in living cells with spatiotemporal resolution. In this study, a new method is presented for temporally manipulating histone dimethylation H3K9me2 using a photo-responsive inhibitor that specifically targets the methyltransferase G9a on demand. The photo-caged molecule is stable under physiological conditions and cellular environments, but rapidly activated upon exposure to light, releasing the bioactive component that can immediately inhibit the catalytic ability of the G9a in vitro. Besides, this masked compound could also efficiently reactivate the inhibition of methyltransferase activity in living cells, subsequently suppress H3K9me2, a mark that regulates various chromatin functions. Therefore, the chemical system will be a valuable tool for manipulating the epigenome for therapeutic purposes and furthering the understanding of epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Shuo Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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3
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You Y, Zhu L, Song Y, Hu J, Chen M, Zhang J, Xu X, Huang X, Wu X, Lu J, Tong X, Ji JS, Du YZ. Self-Illuminating Nanoagonist Simultaneously Induces Dual Cell Death Pathways via Death Receptor Clustering for Cancer Therapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17119-17134. [PMID: 38912613 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Inducing death receptor 5 (DR5) clustering holds particular promise in tumor-specific therapeutics because it could trigger an apoptotic cascade in cancerous cells. Herein, we present a tumor microenvironment H2O2-responsive self-illuminating nanoagonist, which could induce dual tumor cell death pathways through enhancing DR5 clustering. By conjugating DR5 ligand peptides onto the surfaces of self-illuminating nanoparticles with cross-linking capacity, this strategy not only provides scaffolds for ligands to bind receptors but also cross-links them through photo-cross-linking. This strategy allows for efficient activation of DR5 downstream signaling, initiating the extrinsic apoptosis pathway and immunogenic cell death of tumor cells, and contributes to improved tumor-specific immune responses, resulting in enhanced antitumor efficacy and minimized systemic adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchan You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Luwen Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yanling Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Central Hospital and Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui 323000, P. R. China
| | - Jucong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xiajie Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochuan Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Song Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Central Hospital and Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui 323000, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Zhong Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Innovation Center of Transformational Pharmacy, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, P. R. China
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4
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Klimezak M, Chaud J, Brion A, Bolze F, Frisch B, Heurtault B, Kichler A, Specht A. Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion-Based Photolysis: Applications in Photopharmacology. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400354. [PMID: 38613491 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The emerging field of photopharmacology is a promising chemobiological methodology for optical control of drug activities that could ultimately solve the off-target toxicity outside the disease location of many drugs for the treatment of a given pathology. The use of photolytic reactions looks very attractive for a light-activated drug release but requires to develop photolytic reactions sensitive to red or near-infrared light excitation for better tissue penetration. This review will present the concepts of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion-based photolysis and their recent in vivo applications for light-induced drug delivery using photoactivatable nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Klimezak
- Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique (CBST), Équipe Nanoparticules Intelligentes, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CBST UMR 7199, Illkirch Cedex, F-67401, France
| | - Juliane Chaud
- Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique (CBST), Équipe Nanoparticules Intelligentes, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CBST UMR 7199, Illkirch Cedex, F-67401, France
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Anaïs Brion
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Frédéric Bolze
- Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique (CBST), Équipe Nanoparticules Intelligentes, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CBST UMR 7199, Illkirch Cedex, F-67401, France
| | - Benoit Frisch
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Béatrice Heurtault
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Antoine Kichler
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Alexandre Specht
- Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique (CBST), Équipe Nanoparticules Intelligentes, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CBST UMR 7199, Illkirch Cedex, F-67401, France
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5
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Mandal M, Scerbo P, Coghill I, Riou JF, Bochet CG, Ducos B, Bensimon D, Le Saux T, Aujard I, Jullien L. Caged Dexamethasone to Photo-control the Development of Embryos through Activation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400579. [PMID: 38350020 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Efficient tools for controlling molecular functions with exquisite spatiotemporal resolution are much in demand to investigate biological processes in living systems. Here we report an easily synthesized caged dexamethasone for photo-activating cytoplasmic proteins fused to the glucocorticoid receptor. In the dark, it is stable in vitro as well as in vivo in both zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Xenopus sp, two significant models of vertebrates. In contrast, it liberates dexamethasone upon UV illumination, which has been harnessed to interfere with developmental steps in embryos of these animals. Interestingly, this new system is biologically orthogonal to the one for photo-activating proteins fused to the estrogen ERT receptor, which brings great prospect for activating two distinct proteins down to the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Mandal
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierluigi Scerbo
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Lettres University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ian Coghill
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Riou
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, CNRS, 9, Quai Saint-Bernard, 75252, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Christian G Bochet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, 9 Ch. du Musée, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Ducos
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Lettres University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
- High Throughput qPCR Core Facility, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Lettres University, 46 Rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Bensimon
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Lettres University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Aujard
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
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6
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Xu M, Wang H, Tian X, Li B, Wang S, Zhao X, He H. Opsin-Free Activation of Bmp Receptors by a Femtosecond Laser. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308072. [PMID: 38239021 PMCID: PMC10933676 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays a vital role in differentiation, organogenesis, and various cell processes. As a member of TGF-β superfamily, the BMP initiation usually accompanies crosstalk with other signaling pathways and simultaneously activates some of them. It is quite challenging to solely initiate an individual pathway. In this study, an opsin-free optical method to specifically activate BMP receptors (BMPR) and subsequent pSmad1/5/8 cascades by a single-time scan of a tightly-focused femtosecond laser in the near infrared range is reported. Via transient two-photon excitation to intrinsic local flavins near the cell membrane, the photoactivation drives conformational changes of preformed BMPR complexes to enable their bonding and phosphorylation of the GS domain in BMPR-I by BMPR-II. The pSmad1/5/8 signaling is initiated by this method, while p38 and pSmad2 are rarely perturbed. Based on a microscopic system, primary adipose-derived stem cells in an area of 420 × 420 µm2 are photoactivated by a single-time laser scanning for 1.5 s and exhibit pSmad1/5/8 upregulation and osteoblastic differentiation after 21 days. Hence, an opsin-free, specific, and noninvasive optical method to initiate BMP signaling, easily accomplished by a two-photon microscope system is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjun Xu
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Haipeng Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Xiaoying Tian
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Bingyi Li
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Shaoyang Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringHainan UniversityHaikou570228China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Hao He
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200031China
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7
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Kiy Z, Chaud J, Xu L, Brandhorst E, Kamali T, Vargas C, Keller S, Hong H, Specht A, Cambridge S. Towards a Light-mediated Gene Therapy for the Eye using Caged Ethinylestradiol and the Inducible Cre/lox System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317675. [PMID: 38127455 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly, retinal pathologies are being treated with virus-mediated gene therapies. To be able to target viral transgene expression specifically to the pathological regions of the retina with light, we established an in vivo photoactivated gene expression paradigm for retinal tissue. Based on the inducible Cre/lox system, we discovered that ethinylestradiol is a suitable alternative to Tamoxifen as ethinylestradiol is more amenable to modification with photosensitive protecting compounds, i.e., "caging." Identification of ethinylestradiol as a ligand for the mutated human estradiol receptor was supported by in silico binding studies showing the reduced binding of caged ethinylestradiol. Caged ethinylestradiol was injected into the eyes of double transgenic GFAP-CreERT2 mice with a Cre-dependent tdTomato reporter transgene followed by irradiation with light of 450 nm. Photoactivation significantly increased retinal tdTomato expression compared to controls. We thus demonstrated a first step towards the development of a targeted, light-mediated gene therapy for the eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Kiy
- Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Chaud
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Equipe de Chimie et Neurobiologie Moléculaire, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Liang Xu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Eric Brandhorst
- Sektion Endokrinologie, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tschackad Kamali
- Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Max-Jarecki-Straße 8, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolyn Vargas
- Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences (IMB), NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50/III, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandro Keller
- Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences (IMB), NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50/III, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Huixiao Hong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Alexandre Specht
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Equipe de Chimie et Neurobiologie Moléculaire, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sidney Cambridge
- Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy II, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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8
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Zeng K, Jiao ZH, Jiang Q, He R, Zhang Y, Li WG, Xu TL, Chen Y. Genetically Encoded Photocatalysis Enables Spatially Restricted Optochemical Modulation of Neurons in Live Mice. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:163-175. [PMID: 38292609 PMCID: PMC10823520 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Light provides high temporal precision for neuronal modulations. Small molecules are advantageous for neuronal modulation due to their structural diversity, allowing them to suit versatile targets. However, current optochemical methods release uncaged small molecules with uniform concentrations in the irradiation area, which lack spatial specificity as counterpart optogenetic methods from genetic encoding for photosensitive proteins. Photocatalysis provides spatial specificity by generating reactive species in the proximity of photocatalysts. However, current photocatalytic methods use antibody-tagged heavy-metal photocatalysts for spatial specificity, which are unsuitable for neuronal applications. Here, we report a genetically encoded metal-free photocatalysis method for the optochemical modulation of neurons via deboronative hydroxylation. The genetically encoded photocatalysts generate doxorubicin, a mitochondrial uncoupler, and baclofen by uncaging stable organoboronate precursors. The mitochondria, nucleus, membrane, cytosol, and ER-targeted drug delivery are achieved by this method. The distinct signaling pathway dissection in a single projection is enabled by the dual optogenetic and optochemical control of synaptic transmission. The itching signaling pathway is investigated by photocatalytic uncaging under live-mice skin for the first time by visible light irradiation. The cell-type-specific release of baclofen reveals the GABABR activation on NaV1.8-expressing nociceptor terminals instead of pan peripheral sensory neurons for itch alleviation in live mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixing Zeng
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhi-Han Jiao
- Centre
for Brain Science and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Centre
for Brain Science and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ru He
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Wei-Guang Li
- Centre
for Brain Science and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department
of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational
Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry
of Education Frontiers Centre for Brain Science, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tian-Le Xu
- Centre
for Brain Science and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yiyun Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
- School
of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced
Study, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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9
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Gonzales DT, Schuhmacher M, Lennartz HM, Iglesias-Artola JM, Kuhn SM, Barahtjan P, Zechner C, Nadler A. Quantifying single-cell diacylglycerol signaling kinetics after uncaging. Biophys J 2023; 122:4699-4709. [PMID: 37978803 PMCID: PMC10754688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the role of molecularly distinct lipid species in cell signaling remains challenging due to a scarcity of methods for performing quantitative lipid biochemistry in living cells. We have recently used lipid uncaging to quantify lipid-protein affinities and rates of lipid trans-bilayer movement and turnover in the diacylglycerol signaling pathway. This approach is based on acquiring live-cell dose-response curves requiring light dose titrations and experimental determination of uncaging photoreaction efficiency. We here aimed to develop a methodological approach that allows us to retrieve quantitative kinetic data from uncaging experiments that 1) require only typically available datasets without the need for specialized additional constraints and 2) should in principle be applicable to other types of photoactivation experiments. Our new analysis framework allows us to identify model parameters such as diacylglycerol-protein affinities and trans-bilayer movement rates, together with initial uncaged diacylglycerol levels, using noisy single-cell data for a broad variety of structurally different diacylglycerol species. We find that lipid unsaturation degree and side-chain length generally correlate with faster lipid trans-bilayer movement and turnover and also affect lipid-protein affinities. In summary, our work demonstrates how rate parameters and lipid-protein affinities can be quantified from single-cell signaling trajectories with sufficient sensitivity to resolve the subtle kinetic differences caused by the chemical diversity of cellular signaling lipid pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Gonzales
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany; Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Milena Schuhmacher
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Mathilda Lennartz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Sascha M Kuhn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pavel Barahtjan
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Zechner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany; Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - André Nadler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
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10
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Lahlou A, Tehrani HS, Coghill I, Shpinov Y, Mandal M, Plamont MA, Aujard I, Niu Y, Nedbal L, Lazár D, Mahou P, Supatto W, Beaurepaire E, Eisenmann I, Desprat N, Croquette V, Jeanneret R, Le Saux T, Jullien L. Fluorescence to measure light intensity. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1930-1938. [PMID: 37996751 PMCID: PMC10703675 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the need for quantitative measurements of light intensity across many scientific disciplines, existing technologies for measuring light dose at the sample of a fluorescence microscope cannot simultaneously retrieve light intensity along with spatial distribution over a wide range of wavelengths and intensities. To address this limitation, we developed two rapid and straightforward protocols that use organic dyes and fluorescent proteins as actinometers. The first protocol relies on molecular systems whose fluorescence intensity decays and/or rises in a monoexponential fashion when constant light is applied. The second protocol relies on a broad-absorbing photochemically inert fluorophore to back-calculate the light intensity from one wavelength to another. As a demonstration of their use, the protocols are applied to quantitatively characterize the spatial distribution of light of various fluorescence imaging systems, and to calibrate illumination of commercially available instruments and light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliénor Lahlou
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, Paris, France.
- Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Paris, France.
| | - Hessam Sepasi Tehrani
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Ian Coghill
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Yuriy Shpinov
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Mrinal Mandal
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Aude Plamont
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Aujard
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Yuxi Niu
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ladislav Nedbal
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dusan Lazár
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Willy Supatto
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Emmanuel Beaurepaire
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Isabelle Eisenmann
- Laboratory of Physics of the École Normale Supérieure, University of PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne University, University of Paris City, Paris, France
- Institute of Biology of ENS (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, University of PSL, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Desprat
- Laboratory of Physics of the École Normale Supérieure, University of PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne University, University of Paris City, Paris, France
- Institute of Biology of ENS (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, University of PSL, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Croquette
- Laboratory of Physics of the École Normale Supérieure, University of PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne University, University of Paris City, Paris, France
- Institute of Biology of ENS (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, University of PSL, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Jeanneret
- Laboratory of Physics of the École Normale Supérieure, University of PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne University, University of Paris City, Paris, France
- Institute of Biology of ENS (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, University of PSL, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, Paris, France.
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, Paris, France.
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11
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Matsuura K, Inaba H. Photoresponsive peptide materials: Spatiotemporal control of self-assembly and biological functions. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:041303. [PMID: 38505425 PMCID: PMC10903425 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Peptides work as both functional molecules to modulate various biological phenomena and self-assembling artificial materials. The introduction of photoresponsive units to peptides allows the spatiotemporal remote control of their structure and function upon light irradiation. This article overviews the photoresponsive peptide design, interaction with biomolecules, and applications in self-assembling materials over the last 30 years. Peptides modified with photochromic (photoisomerizable) molecules, such as azobenzene and spiropyran, reversibly photo-controlled the binding to biomolecules and nanostructure formation through self-assembly. Photocleavable molecular units irreversibly control the functions of peptides through cleavage of the main chain and deprotection by light. Photocrosslinking between peptides or between peptides and other biomolecules enhances the structural stability of peptide assemblies and complexes. These photoresponsive peptides spatiotemporally controlled the formation and dissociation of peptide assemblies, gene expressions, protein-drug interactions, protein-protein interactions, liposome deformation and motility, cytoskeleton structure and stability, and cell functions by appropriate light irradiation. These molecular systems can be applied to photo-control biological functions, molecular robots, artificial cells, and next-generation smart drug delivery materials.
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12
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Bousso P, Grandjean CL. Immunomodulation under the lens of real-time in vivo imaging. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249921. [PMID: 37051691 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of cells and molecules of the immune system not only represents a major opportunity to treat a variety of diseases including infections, cancer, autoimmune, and inflammatory disorders but could also help understand the intricacies of immune responses. A detailed mechanistic understanding of how a specific immune intervention may provide clinical benefit is essential for the rational design of efficient immunomodulators. Visualizing the impact of immunomodulation in real-time and in vivo has emerged as an important approach to achieve this goal. In this review, we aim to illustrate how multiphoton intravital imaging has helped clarify the mode of action of immunomodulatory strategies such as antibodies or cell therapies. We also discuss how optogenetics combined with imaging will further help manipulate and precisely understand immunomodulatory pathways. Combined with other single-cell technologies, in vivo dynamic imaging has therefore a major potential for guiding preclinical development of immunomodulatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bousso
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1223, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Capucine L Grandjean
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1223, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
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13
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Yang C, Gong Y, Deng M, Ling Y, Wang J, Zhou Y. Discovery of a photosensitizing PI3K inhibitor for tumor therapy: Design, synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 94:129459. [PMID: 37634762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In drug development, optical triggering of cancer therapy is increasingly used. Herein, we report a novel photosensitive PI3K inhibitor FD2157, which bears a photoprotecting moiety and can be efficiently cleaved with enhanced anticancer activity upon short-term light irradiation. In biological assessment, FD2157 exhibited remarkably enhanced anticancer activity in inhibition of PI3K pathway against melanoma cell lines upon light irradiation (4 min). Hence, this photosensitive PI3K inhibitor FD2157 may represent a valuable tool compound for studying the PI3K pathway and further optimization toward light-triggered cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yimin Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingli Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yaming Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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14
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Zeng H, Yuan Q, Peng F, Ma D, Lingineni A, Chee K, Gilberd P, Osikpa EC, Sun Z, Gao X. A split and inducible adenine base editor for precise in vivo base editing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5573. [PMID: 37696818 PMCID: PMC10495389 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA base editors use deaminases fused to a programmable DNA-binding protein for targeted nucleotide conversion. However, the most widely used TadA deaminases lack post-translational control in living cells. Here, we present a split adenine base editor (sABE) that utilizes chemically induced dimerization (CID) to control the catalytic activity of the deoxyadenosine deaminase TadA-8e. sABE shows high on-target editing activity comparable to the original ABE with TadA-8e (ABE8e) upon rapamycin induction while maintaining low background activity without induction. Importantly, sABE exhibits a narrower activity window on DNA and higher precision than ABE8e, with an improved single-to-double ratio of adenine editing and reduced genomic and transcriptomic off-target effects. sABE can achieve gene knockout through multiplex splice donor disruption in human cells. Furthermore, when delivered via dual adeno-associated virus vectors, sABE can efficiently convert a single A•T base pair to a G•C base pair on the PCSK9 gene in mouse liver, demonstrating in vivo CID-controlled DNA base editing. Thus, sABE enables precise control of base editing, which will have broad implications for basic research and in vivo therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Qichen Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Fei Peng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dacheng Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Ananya Lingineni
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Kelly Chee
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Peretz Gilberd
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Emmanuel C Osikpa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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15
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Huang Q, Zhu W, Gao X, Liu X, Zhang Z, Xing B. Nanoparticles-mediated ion channels manipulation: From their membrane interactions to bioapplications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 195:114763. [PMID: 36841331 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels are transmembrane proteins ubiquitously expressed in all cells that control various ions (e.g. Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl- etc) crossing cellular plasma membrane, which play critical roles in physiological processes including regulating signal transduction, cell proliferation as well as excitatory cell excitation and conduction. Abnormal ion channel function is usually associated with dysfunctions and many diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, ophthalmic diseases, pulmonary diseases and even cancers. The precise regulation of ion channels not only helps to decipher physiological and pathological processes, but also is expected to become cutting-edge means for disease treatment. Recently, nanoparticles-mediated ion channel manipulation emerges as a highly promising way to meet the increasing requirements with respect to their simple, efficient, precise, spatiotemporally controllable and non-invasive regulation in biomedicine and other research frontiers. Thanks the advantages of their unique properties, nanoparticles can not only directly block the pore sites or kinetics of ion channels through their tiny size effect, and perturb active voltage-gated ion channel by their charged surface, but they can also act as antennas to conduct or enhance external physical stimuli to achieve spatiotemporal, precise and efficient regulation of various ion channel activities (e.g. light-, mechanical-, and temperature-gated ion channels etc). So far, nanoparticles-mediated ion channel regulation has shown potential prospects in many biomedical fields at the interfaces of neuro- and cardiovascular modulation, physiological function regeneration and tumor therapy et al. Towards such important fields, in this typical review, we specifically outline the latest studies of different types of ion channels and their activities relevant to the diseases. In addition, the different types of stimulation responsive nanoparticles, their interaction modes and targeting strategies towards the plasma membrane ion channels will be systematically summarized. More importantly, the ion channel regulatory methods mediated by functional nanoparticles and their bioapplications associated with physiological modulation and therapeutic development will be discussed. Last but not least, current challenges and future perspectives in this field will be covered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Weisheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaoyin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Bengang Xing
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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16
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Brion A, Chaud J, Léonard J, Bolze F, Chassaing S, Frisch B, Heurtault B, Kichler A, Specht A. Red Light-Responsive Upconverting Nanoparticles for Quantitative and Controlled Release of a Coumarin-Based Prodrug. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201474. [PMID: 36222265 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Photolytic reactions allow the optical control of the liberation of biological effectors by photolabile protecting groups. The development of versatile technologies enabling the use of deep-red or NIR light excitation still represents a challenging issue, in particular for light-induced drug release (e.g., light-induced prodrug activation). Here, light-sensitive biocompatible lipid nanocapsules able to liberate an antitumoral drug through photolysis are presented. It is demonstrated that original photon upconverting nanoparticles (LNC-UCs) chemically conjugated to a coumarin-based photocleavable linker can quantitatively and efficiently release a drug by upconversion luminescence-assisted photolysis using a deep-red excitation wavelength. In addition, it is also able to demonstrate that such nanoparticles are stable in the dark, without any drug leakage in the absence of light. These findings open new avenues to specifically liberate diverse drugs using deep-red or NIR excitations for future therapeutic applications in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Brion
- 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, F-67401 Cedex, France
| | - Juliane Chaud
- 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, F-67401 Cedex, France.,Équipe de chimie et neurobiologie moléculaire, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, F-67401 Cedex, France
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR 7504, Strasbourg, F-67034, France
| | - Frédéric Bolze
- Équipe de chimie et neurobiologie moléculaire, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, F-67401 Cedex, France
| | - Stefan Chassaing
- Institut de Chimie, Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organiques & Catalyse, (LASYROC), Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Benoît Frisch
- 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, F-67401 Cedex, France
| | - Béatrice Heurtault
- 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, F-67401 Cedex, France
| | - Antoine Kichler
- 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, F-67401 Cedex, France
| | - Alexandre Specht
- Équipe de chimie et neurobiologie moléculaire, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, F-67401 Cedex, France
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17
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Hiefinger C, Mandl S, Wieland M, Kneuttinger A. Rational design, production and in vitro analysis of photoxenoproteins. Methods Enzymol 2023; 682:247-288. [PMID: 36948704 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In synthetic biology, the artificial control of proteins by light is of growing interest since it enables the spatio-temporal regulation of downstream molecular processes. This precise photocontrol can be established by the site-directed incorporation of photo-sensitive non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins, which generates so-called photoxenoproteins. Photoxenoproteins can be engineered using ncAAs that facilitate the irreversible activation or reversible regulation of their activity upon irradiation. In this chapter, we provide a general outline of the engineering process based on the current methodological state-of-the-art to obtain artificial photocontrol in proteins using the ncAAs o-nitrobenzyl-O-tyrosine as example for photocaged ncAAs (irreversible), and phenylalanine-4'-azobenzene as example for photoswitchable ncAAs (reversible). We thereby focus on the initial design as well as the production and characterization of photoxenoproteins in vitro. Finally, we outline the analysis of photocontrol under steady-state and non-steady-state conditions using the allosteric enzyme complexes imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase and tryptophan synthase as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hiefinger
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry & Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Mandl
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry & Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mona Wieland
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry & Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Kneuttinger
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry & Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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18
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Jia S, Sletten EM. Spatiotemporal Control of Biology: Synthetic Photochemistry Toolbox with Far-Red and Near-Infrared Light. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3255-3269. [PMID: 34516095 PMCID: PMC8918031 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The complex network of naturally occurring biological pathways motivates the development of new synthetic molecules to perturb and/or detect these processes for fundamental research and clinical applications. In this context, photochemical tools have emerged as an approach to control the activity of drug or probe molecules at high temporal and spatial resolutions. Traditional photochemical tools, particularly photolabile protecting groups (photocages) and photoswitches, rely on high-energy UV light that is only applicable to cells or transparent model animals. More recently, such designs have evolved into the visible and near-infrared regions with deeper tissue penetration, enabling photocontrol to study biology in tissue and model animal contexts. This Review highlights recent developments in synthetic far-red and near-infrared photocages and photoswitches and their current and potential applications at the interface of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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19
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Liu R, Fang M, Chen X, Yang Y. The status and challenges of optogenetic tools for precise spatiotemporal control of RNA metabolism and function. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1078. [PMID: 36245329 PMCID: PMC9574486 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renmei Liu
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell MetabolismEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Mengyue Fang
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell MetabolismEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina,School of PharmacyEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell MetabolismEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina,School of PharmacyEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Yi Yang
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell MetabolismEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina,School of PharmacyEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
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20
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Crystal Structure of an Archaeal Tyrosyl-tRNA Synthetase Bound to Photocaged L-Tyrosine and Its Potential Application to Time-Resolved X-ray Crystallography. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810399. [PMID: 36142308 PMCID: PMC9499402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded caged amino acids can be used to control the dynamics of protein activities and cellular localization in response to external cues. In the present study, we revealed the structural basis for the recognition of O-(2-nitrobenzyl)-L-tyrosine (oNBTyr) by its specific variant of Methanocaldococcus jannaschii tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (oNBTyrRS), and then demonstrated its potential availability for time-resolved X-ray crystallography. The substrate-bound crystal structure of oNBTyrRS at a 2.79 Å resolution indicated that the replacement of tyrosine and leucine at positions 32 and 65 by glycine (Tyr32Gly and Leu65Gly, respectively) and Asp158Ser created sufficient space for entry of the bulky substitute into the amino acid binding pocket, while Glu in place of Leu162 formed a hydrogen bond with the nitro moiety of oNBTyr. We also produced an oNBTyr-containing lysozyme through a cell-free protein synthesis system derived from the Escherichia coli B95. ΔA strain with the UAG codon reassigned to the nonnatural amino acid. Another crystallographic study of the caged protein showed that the site-specifically incorporated oNBTyr was degraded to tyrosine by light irradiation of the crystals. Thus, cell-free protein synthesis of caged proteins with oNBTyr could facilitate time-resolved structural analysis of proteins, including medically important membrane proteins.
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21
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Cao C, He M, Wang L, He Y, Rao Y. Chemistries of bifunctional PROTAC degraders. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7066-7114. [PMID: 35916511 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00220e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) technology is a novel and promising therapeutic strategy using small molecules to induce ubiquitin-dependent degradation of proteins. It has received extensive attention from both academia and industry as it can potentially access previously inaccessible targets. However, the design and optimization of PROTACs present big challenges for researchers, and the general strategy for its development and optimization is a lot of trial and error based on experience. This review highlights the important advances in this rapidly growing field and critical limitations of the traditional trial-and-error approach to developing PROTACs by analyzing numerous representative examples of PROTACs development. We summarize and analyze the general principles and strategies for PROTACs design and optimization from the perspective of chemical structure design, and propose potential future pathways to facilitate the development of PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoguo Cao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China. .,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ming He
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Liguo Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Yuna He
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Rao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
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22
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Ducos B, Bensimon D, Scerbo P. Vertebrate Cell Differentiation, Evolution, and Diseases: The Vertebrate-Specific Developmental Potential Guardians VENTX/ NANOG and POU5/ OCT4 Enter the Stage. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152299. [PMID: 35892595 PMCID: PMC9331430 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During vertebrate development, embryonic cells pass through a continuum of transitory pluripotent states that precede multi-lineage commitment and morphogenesis. Such states are referred to as “refractory/naïve” and “competent/formative” pluripotency. The molecular mechanisms maintaining refractory pluripotency or driving the transition to competent pluripotency, as well as the cues regulating multi-lineage commitment, are evolutionarily conserved. Vertebrate-specific “Developmental Potential Guardians” (vsDPGs; i.e., VENTX/NANOG, POU5/OCT4), together with MEK1 (MAP2K1), coordinate the pluripotency continuum, competence for multi-lineage commitment and morphogenesis in vivo. During neurulation, vsDPGs empower ectodermal cells of the neuro-epithelial border (NEB) with multipotency and ectomesenchyme potential through an “endogenous reprogramming” process, giving rise to the neural crest cells (NCCs). Furthermore, vsDPGs are expressed in undifferentiated-bipotent neuro-mesodermal progenitor cells (NMPs), which participate in posterior axis elongation and growth. Finally, vsDPGs are involved in carcinogenesis, whereby they confer selective advantage to cancer stem cells (CSCs) and therapeutic resistance. Intriguingly, the heterogenous distribution of vsDPGs in these cell types impact on cellular potential and features. Here, we summarize the findings about the role of vsDPGs during vertebrate development and their selective advantage in evolution. Our aim to present a holistic view regarding vsDPGs as facilitators of both cell plasticity/adaptability and morphological innovation/variation. Moreover, vsDPGs may also be at the heart of carcinogenesis by allowing malignant cells to escape from physiological constraints and surveillance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Ducos
- LPENS, PSL, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- IBENS, PSL, CNRS, 46 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
- High Throughput qPCR Core Facility, ENS, PSL, 46 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (B.D.); (D.B.); (P.S.)
| | - David Bensimon
- LPENS, PSL, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- IBENS, PSL, CNRS, 46 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90094, USA
- Correspondence: (B.D.); (D.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Pierluigi Scerbo
- LPENS, PSL, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- IBENS, PSL, CNRS, 46 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (B.D.); (D.B.); (P.S.)
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23
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Qiu K, Zou W, Fang H, Hao M, Mehta K, Tian Z, Guan JL, Zhang K, Huang T, Diao J. Light-activated mitochondrial fission through optogenetic control of mitochondria-lysosome contacts. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4303. [PMID: 35879298 PMCID: PMC9314359 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31970-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles whose fragmentation by fission is critical to their functional integrity and cellular homeostasis. Here, we develop a method via optogenetic control of mitochondria–lysosome contacts (MLCs) to induce mitochondrial fission with spatiotemporal accuracy. MLCs can be achieved by blue-light-induced association of mitochondria and lysosomes through various photoactivatable dimerizers. Real-time optogenetic induction of mitochondrial fission is tracked in living cells to measure the fission rate. The optogenetic method partially restores the mitochondrial functions of SLC25A46−/− cells, which display defects in mitochondrial fission and hyperfused mitochondria. The optogenetic MLCs system thus provides a platform for studying mitochondrial fission and treating mitochondrial diseases. Existing methods can lack spatiotemporal accuracy to manipulate dynamic mitochondrial behaviour in live cells. Here the authors report an optogenetic method to control mitochondria-lysosome contacts and induce mitochondrial fission; they use photoactivatable dimerizers including CRY2/CIB and SspB/iLID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangqiang Qiu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Weiwei Zou
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Hongbao Fang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Mingang Hao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Kritika Mehta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zhiqi Tian
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Taosheng Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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24
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Breaking photoswitch activation depth limit using ionising radiation stimuli adapted to clinical application. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4102. [PMID: 35835744 PMCID: PMC9283480 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic radiation-triggered therapeutic effect has attracted a great interest over the last 50 years. However, translation to clinical applications of photoactive molecular systems developed to date is dramatically limited, mainly because their activation requires excitation by low-energy photons from the ultraviolet to near infra-red range, preventing any activation deeper than few millimetres under the skin. Herein we conceive a strategy for photosensitive-system activation potentially adapted to biological tissues without any restriction in depth. High-energy stimuli, such as those employed for radiotherapy, are used to carry energy while molecular activation is provided by local energy conversion. This concept is applied to azobenzene, one of the most established photoswitches, to build a radioswitch. The radiation-responsive molecular system developed is used to trigger cytotoxic effect on cancer cells upon gamma-ray irradiation. This breakthrough activation concept is expected to expand the scope of applications of photosensitive systems and paves the way towards the development of original therapeutic approaches.
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25
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Yu L, Xu Y, Pu Z, Kang H, Li M, Sessler JL, Kim JS. Photocatalytic Superoxide Radical Generator that Induces Pyroptosis in Cancer Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11326-11337. [PMID: 35708298 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a newly characterized form of immunogenic cell death, is attracting increasing attention as a promising approach to cancer immunotherapy. However, biocompatible strategies to activate pyroptosis remain rare. Here, we show that a photocatalytic superoxide radical (O2-•) generator, NI-TA, triggers pyroptosis in cancer cells. NI-TA was designed to take advantage of an intramolecular triplet-ground state splitting energy modulation approach. Detailed studies revealed that the pyroptosis triggered by NI-TA under conditions of photoexcitation proceeds through a caspase-3/gasdermin E (GSDME) pathway rather than via canonical processes involving caspase-1/gasdermin-D (GSDMD). NI-TA was found to function via a partial-O2-recycling mode of action and to trigger cell pyroptosis and provide for effective cancer cell ablation even under conditions of hypoxia (≤2% O2). In the case of T47D 3D multicellular spheroids, good antitumor efficiency and stemness inhibition are achieved. This work highlights how photocatalytic chemistry may be leveraged to develop effective pyroptosis-inducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yunjie Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Zhongji Pu
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Mingle Li
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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26
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Liang R, Bakhtiiari A. Multiscale simulation unravels the light-regulated reversible inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase by phototrexate. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:245102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0096349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches are widely used in photopharmacology, where the biomolecular functions are photo-controlled reversibly with high spatiotemporal precision. Despite the success of this field, it remains elusive how the protein environment modulates the photochemical properties of photoswitches. Understanding this fundamental question is critical for designing more effective light-regulated drugs with mitigated side effects. In our recent work, we employed first-principles non-adiabatic dynamics simulations to probe the effects of protein on the trans to cis photoisomerization of phototrexate (PTX), a photochromic analog of the anticancer therapeutic methotrexate that inhibits the target enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Building upon this study, in this work, we employ multiscale simulations to unravel the full photocycle underlying the light-regulated reversible inhibition of DHFR by PTX, which remains elusive until now. First-principles non-adiabatic dynamics simulations reveal that the cis to trans photoisomerization quantum yield is hindered in the protein due to backward isomerization on the ground-state following non-adiabatic transition, which arises from the favorable binding of the cis isomer with the protein. However, free energy simulations indicate that cis to trans photoisomerization significantly decreases the binding affinity of the PTX. Thus, the cis to trans photoisomerization most likely precedes the ligand unbinding from the protein. We propose the most probable photocycle of the PTX-DHFR system. Our comprehensive simulations highlight the trade-offs among the binding affinity, photoisomerization quantum yield, and the thermal stability of the ligand's different isomeric forms. As such, our work reveals new design principles of light-regulated drugs in photopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Amirhossein Bakhtiiari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
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27
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Zhang J, Zhao P, Li W, Ye L, Li L, Li Z, Li M. Near-Infrared Light-Activatable Spherical Nucleic Acids for Conditional Control of Protein Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117562. [PMID: 35191157 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Optical control of protein activity represents a promising strategy for precise modulation of biological processes. We report rationally designed, aptamer-based spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) capable of noninvasive and programmable regulation of target protein activity by deep-tissue-penetrable near-infrared (NIR) light. The photoresponsive SNAs are constructed by integrating activatable aptamer modules onto the surface of upconversion nanoparticles. The SNAs remain inert but can be remotely reverted by NIR light irradiation to capture the target protein and thus function as an enzyme inhibitor, while introduction of antidote DNA could further reverse their inhibition functions. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential of the SNAs as controllable anticoagulants for the NIR light-triggered regulation of thrombin function. Ultimately, the availability of diverse aptamers would allow the design to regulate the activities of various proteins in a programmable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ling Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhengping Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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28
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Recent Advances in Protein Caging Tools for Protein Photoactivation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12083750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In biosciences and biotechnologies, it is recently critical to promote research regarding the regulation of the dynamic functions of proteins of interest. Light-induced control of protein activity is a strong tool for a wide variety of applications because light can be spatiotemporally irradiated in high resolutions. Therefore, synthetic, semi-synthetic, and genetic engineering techniques for photoactivation of proteins have been actively developed. In this review, the conventional approaches will be outlined. As a solution for overcoming barriers in conventional ones, our recent approaches in which proteins were chemically modified with biotinylated caging reagents are introduced to photo-activate a variety of proteins without genetic engineering and elaborate optimization. This review mainly focuses on protein caging and describes the concepts underlying the development of reported approaches that can contribute to the emergence of both novel protein photo-regulating methods and their killer applications.
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29
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Kneuttinger AC. A guide to designing photocontrol in proteins: methods, strategies and applications. Biol Chem 2022; 403:573-613. [PMID: 35355495 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Light is essential for various biochemical processes in all domains of life. In its presence certain proteins inside a cell are excited, which either stimulates or inhibits subsequent cellular processes. The artificial photocontrol of specifically proteins is of growing interest for the investigation of scientific questions on the organismal, cellular and molecular level as well as for the development of medicinal drugs or biocatalytic tools. For the targeted design of photocontrol in proteins, three major methods have been developed over the last decades, which employ either chemical engineering of small-molecule photosensitive effectors (photopharmacology), incorporation of photoactive non-canonical amino acids by genetic code expansion (photoxenoprotein engineering), or fusion with photoreactive biological modules (hybrid protein optogenetics). This review compares the different methods as well as their strategies and current applications for the light-regulation of proteins and provides background information useful for the implementation of each technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Kneuttinger
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry and Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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30
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Zhang J, Zhao P, Li W, Ye L, Li L, Li Z, Li M. Near‐Infrared Light‐Activatable Spherical Nucleic Acids for Conditional Control of Protein Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Peng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Ling Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhengping Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
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31
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Liang R, Bakhtiiari A. Effects of Enzyme-Ligand Interactions on the Photoisomerization of a Light-Regulated Chemotherapeutic Drug. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2382-2393. [PMID: 35297246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches permit using light to control protein activity with high spatiotemporal resolutions, thereby alleviating the side effects of conventional chemotherapy. However, due to the challenges in probing ultrafast photoisomerization reactions in biological environments, it remains elusive how the protein influences the photochemistry of the photoswitches, which hampers the rational design of light-regulated therapeutics. To overcome this challenge, we employed first-principles nonadiabatic dynamics simulations to characterize the photodynamics of the phototrexate (PTX), a recently developed photoswitchable anticancer chemotherapeutic that reversibly inhibits its target enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Our simulations show that the protein environment impedes the trans to cis photoisomerization of the PTX. The confinement in the ligand-binding cavity slows down the isomerization kinetics and quantum yield of the photoswitch by reshaping its conical intersection, increasing its excited-state free-energy barrier and quenching its local density fluctuations. Also, the protein environment results in a suboptimal binding mode of the photoproduct that needs to undergo large structural rearrangement to effectively inhibit the enzyme. Therefore, we predict that the PTX's trans → cis photoisomerization in solution precedes its binding with the protein, despite the favorable binding energy of the trans isomer. Our findings highlight the importance of the protein environment on the photochemical reactions of the molecular photoswitches. As such, our work represents an important step toward the rational design of light-regulated drugs in photopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Amirhossein Bakhtiiari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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32
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Albert L, Nagpal J, Steinchen W, Zhang L, Werel L, Djokovic N, Ruzic D, Hoffarth M, Xu J, Kaspareit J, Abendroth F, Royant A, Bange G, Nikolic K, Ryu S, Dou Y, Essen LO, Vázquez O. Bistable Photoswitch Allows in Vivo Control of Hematopoiesis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:57-66. [PMID: 35106373 PMCID: PMC8796299 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Optical control has enabled functional modulation in cell culture with unparalleled spatiotemporal resolution. However, current tools for in vivo manipulation are scarce. Here, we design and implement a genuine on-off optochemical probe capable of achieving hematopoietic control in zebrafish. Our photopharmacological approach first developed conformationally strained visible light photoswitches (CS-VIPs) as inhibitors of the histone methyltransferase MLL1 (KMT2A). In blood homeostasis MLL1 plays a crucial yet controversial role. CS-VIP 8 optimally fulfils the requirements of a true bistable functional system in vivo under visible-light irradiation, and with unprecedented stability. These properties are exemplified via hematopoiesis photoinhibition with a single isomer in zebrafish. The present interdisciplinary study uncovers the mechanism of action of CS-VIPs. Upon WDR5 binding, CS-VIP 8 causes MLL1 release with concomitant allosteric rearrangements in the WDR5/RbBP5 interface. Since our tool provides on-demand reversible control without genetic intervention or continuous irradiation, it will foster hematopathology and epigenetic investigations. Furthermore, our workflow will enable exquisite photocontrol over other targets inhibited by macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Albert
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jatin Nagpal
- APC Microbiome
Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Wieland Steinchen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Center
for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), University
of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Laura Werel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nemanja Djokovic
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Ruzic
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Malte Hoffarth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jing Xu
- Department
of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Johanna Kaspareit
- University
Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Abendroth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Antoine Royant
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38044 Grenoble, France
- European
Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Gert Bange
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Center
for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), University
of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Katarina Nikolic
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Soojin Ryu
- University
Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
- College
of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, U.K.
- Living
Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 QD, U.K.
| | - Yali Dou
- Norris
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Lars-Oliver Essen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Center
for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), University
of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Olalla Vázquez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Center
for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), University
of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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33
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Cheng B, Wan Y, Tang Q, Du Y, Xu F, Huang Z, Qin W, Chen X. A Photocaged Azidosugar for
Light‐Controlled
Metabolic Labeling of
Cell‐Surface
Sialoglycans. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yi Wan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yifei Du
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Feiyang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhimin Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Wei Qin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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34
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Pook B, Goenrich J, Hasenjäger S, Essen LO, Spadaccini R, Taxis C. An Optogenetic Toolbox for Synergistic Regulation of Protein Abundance. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:3411-3421. [PMID: 34797069 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetic tools have been proven to be useful in regulating cellular processes via an external signal. Light can be applied with high spatial and temporal precision as well as easily modulated in quantity and quality. Natural photoreceptors of the light oxygen voltage (LOV) domain family have been characterized in depth, especially the LOV2 domain of Avena sativa (As) phototropin 1 and its derivatives. Information on the behavior of LOV2 variants with changes in the photocycle or the light response has been recorded. Here, we applied well-described photocycle mutations on the AsLOV2 domain of a photosensitive transcription factor (psTF) as well as its variant that is part of the photosensitive degron (psd) psd3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In vivo and in vitro measurements revealed that each photoreceptor component of the light-sensitive transcription factor and the psd3 module can be modulated in its light sensitivity by mutations that are known to prolong or shorten the dark-reversion time of AsLOV2. Yet, only two of the mutations showed differences in the in vivo behavior in the context of the psd3 module. For the AsLOV2 domain in the context of the psTF, we observed different characteristics for all four variants. Molecular dynamics simulations showed distinct influences of the shortened Jα helix and the V416L mutation in the context of the psd3 photoreceptor. In conclusion, we demonstrated the tunability of two optogenetic tools with a set of mutations that affect the photocycle of the inherent photoreceptors. As these optogenetic tools are concurrent in their action, pleiotropic effects on target protein abundance are achievable with the simultaneous action of the diverse photoreceptor variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Pook
- Unit for Structural Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Juri Goenrich
- Department of Biology/Genetics, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Hasenjäger
- Department of Biology/Genetics, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lars-Oliver Essen
- Unit for Structural Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Spadaccini
- Department of Science and Technology, Università degli Studi del Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Christof Taxis
- Department of Biology/Genetics, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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35
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Kolmar T, Becker A, Pfretzschner RA, Lelke A, Jäschke A. Development of Red-Shifted and Fluorogenic Nucleoside and Oligonucleotide Diarylethene Photoswitches. Chemistry 2021; 27:17386-17394. [PMID: 34519390 PMCID: PMC9298058 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The reversible modulation of fluorescence signals by light is of high interest for applications in super‐resolution microscopy, especially on the DNA level. In this article we describe the systematic variation of the core structure in nucleoside‐based diarylethenes (DAEs), in order to generate intrinsically fluorescent photochromes. The introduction of aromatic bridging units resulted in a bathochromic shift of the visible absorption maximum of the closed‐ring form, but caused reduced thermal stability and switching efficiency. The replacement of the thiophene aryl unit by thiazol improved the thermal stability, whereas the introduction of a benzothiophene unit led to inherent and modulatable turn‐off fluorescence. This feature was further optimized by introducing a fluorescent indole nucleobase into the DAE core, resulting in an effective photoswitch with a fluorescence quantum yield of 0.0166 and a fluorescence turn‐off factor of 3.2. The site‐specific incorporation into an oligonucleotide resulted in fluorescence‐switchable DNA with high cyclization quantum yields and switching efficiency, which may facilitate future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Kolmar
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität-Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonia Becker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität-Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ronja A Pfretzschner
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität-Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alina Lelke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität-Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andres Jäschke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität-Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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36
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Ramos-Soriano J, Galan MC. Photoresponsive Control of G-Quadruplex DNA Systems. JACS AU 2021; 1:1516-1526. [PMID: 34723256 PMCID: PMC8549047 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4) oligonucleotide secondary structures have recently attracted significant attention as therapeutic targets owing to their occurrence in human oncogene promoter sequences and the genome of pathogenic organisms. G4s also demonstrate interesting catalytic activities in their own right, as well as the ability to act as scaffolds for the development of DNA-based materials and nanodevices. Owing to this diverse range of opportunities to exploit G4 in a variety of applications, several strategies to control G4 structure and function have emerged. Interrogating the role of G4s in biology requires the delivery of small-molecule ligands that promote its formation under physiological conditions, while exploiting G4 in the development of responsive nanodevices is normally achieved by the addition and sequestration of the metal ions required for the stabilization of the folded structure. Although these strategies prove successful, neither allows the system in question to be controlled externally. Meanwhile, light has proven to be an attractive means for the control of DNA-based systems as it is noninvasive, can be delivered with high spatiotemporal precision, and is orthogonal to many chemical and biological processes. A plethora of photoresponsive DNA systems have been reported to date; however, the vast majority deploy photoreactive moieties to control the stability and assembly of duplex DNA hybrids. Despite the unique opportunities afforded by the regulation of G-quadruplex formation in biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology, comparatively little attention has been devoted to the design of photoresponsive G4-based systems. In this Perspective, we consider the potential of photoresponsive G4 assemblies and examine the strategies that may be used to engineer these systems toward a variety of applications. Through an overview of the main developments in the field to date, we highlight recent progress made toward this exciting goal and the emerging opportunities that remain ripe for further exploration in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ramos-Soriano
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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37
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Chaud J, Morville C, Bolze F, Garnier D, Chassaing S, Blond G, Specht A. Two-Photon Sensitive Coumarinyl Photoremovable Protecting Groups with Rigid Electron-Rich Cycles Obtained by Domino Reactions Initiated by a 5- exo-Dig Cyclocarbopalladation. Org Lett 2021; 23:7580-7585. [PMID: 34506156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the design, synthesis, and photophysical characterization of extended and rigid coumarinyl derivatives showing large two-photon sensitivities (δaΦu ≤ 125 GM) at 740 and 800 nm. To efficiently synthesize these complex photoremovable protecting groups (PPGs), we used step-economic domino reactions. Moreover, those new coumarinyl PPGs display unique bathochromic shifts (≤100 nm) of the uncaging subproducts as a result of the formation of a more conjugated fulvene moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Chaud
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Clément Morville
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Bolze
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Delphine Garnier
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.,Plateforme d'Analyse Chimique de Strasbourg-Illkirch, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, PACSI GDS 3670, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stefan Chassaing
- Institut de Chimie, Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organiques & Catalyse (LASYROC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7177, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gaëlle Blond
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Specht
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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38
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Zhou W, Brown W, Bardhan A, Tsang M, Deiters A. Optical Control of Base Editing and Transcription through Light‐Activated Guide RNA. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Wes Brown
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Anirban Bardhan
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Michael Tsang
- Department of Developmental Biology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
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39
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Kögler AC, Kherdjemil Y, Bender K, Rabinowitz A, Marco-Ferreres R, Furlong EEM. Extremely rapid and reversible optogenetic perturbation of nuclear proteins in living embryos. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2348-2363.e8. [PMID: 34363757 PMCID: PMC8387026 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Many developmental regulators have complex and context-specific roles in different tissues and stages, making the dissection of their function extremely challenging. As regulatory processes often occur within minutes, perturbation methods that match these dynamics are needed. Here, we present the improved light-inducible nuclear export system (iLEXY), an optogenetic loss-of-function approach that triggers translocation of proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. By introducing a series of mutations, we substantially increased LEXY's efficiency and generated variants with different recovery times. iLEXY enables rapid (t1/2 < 30 s), efficient, and reversible nuclear protein depletion in embryos, and is generalizable to proteins of diverse sizes and functions. Applying iLEXY to the Drosophila master regulator Twist, we phenocopy loss-of-function mutants, precisely map the Twist-sensitive embryonic stages, and investigate the effects of timed Twist depletions. Our results demonstrate the power of iLEXY to dissect the function of pleiotropic factors during embryogenesis with unprecedented temporal precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Kögler
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Yacine Kherdjemil
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Katharina Bender
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Adam Rabinowitz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Raquel Marco-Ferreres
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Eileen E M Furlong
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.
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40
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Innovative finding of 266-nm laser regulating CD90 levels in SDSCs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13932. [PMID: 34230598 PMCID: PMC8260621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We used light to irradiate skin-derived stem cells and tried to find any cellular protein alterations 24 h after illumination. A 266-nm laser with four intensities was used, and of the nine cell markers that were surveyed in our trials, only CD90 was downregulated at an intensity of 20 μJ for 10 s. Repeated illuminations from the 266-nm laser at seven intensities revealed that CD90 expression was downregulated 14.6–28.8%, depending on light intensity. The maximal effect was noted at an intensity of 30 μJ for 2 s. This innovative finding reveals that a 266-nm laser can regulate protein expression in skin-derivative stem cells.
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41
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Büllmann SM, Kolmar T, Slawetzky P, Wald S, Jäschke A. Optochemical control of transcription by the use of 7-deaza-adenosine-based diarylethenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6596-6599. [PMID: 34114572 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02639a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Out of nine different 7-deaza-adenosine diarylethenes, we identified a high-performance photoswitch, suitable for the synthesis of photochromic DNA. By using solid phase synthesis, a photoresponsive T7 promotor was generated which allowed reversibly modulating the rate of enzymatic RNA synthesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Büllmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Theresa Kolmar
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Philip Slawetzky
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Simon Wald
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Andres Jäschke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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42
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Cheng P, Tian X, Tang W, Cheng J, Bao J, Wang H, Zheng S, Wang Y, Wei X, Chen T, Feng H, Xue T, Goda K, He H. Direct control of store-operated calcium channels by ultrafast laser. Cell Res 2021; 31:758-772. [PMID: 33469157 PMCID: PMC8249419 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ channels are essential to cell birth, life, and death. They can be externally activated by optogenetic tools, but this requires robust introduction of exogenous optogenetic genes for expression of photosensitive proteins in biological systems. Here we present femtoSOC, a method for direct control of Ca2+ channels solely by ultrafast laser without the need for optogenetic tools or any other exogenous reagents. Specifically, by focusing and scanning wavelength-tuned low-power femtosecond laser pulses on the plasma membrane for multiphoton excitation, we directly induced Ca2+ influx in cultured cells. Mechanistic study reveals that photoexcited flavins covalently bind cysteine residues in Orai1 via thioether bonds, which facilitates Orai1 polymerization to form store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) independently of STIM1, a protein generally participating in SOC formation, enabling all-optical activation of Ca2+ influx and downstream signaling pathways. Moreover, we used femtoSOC to demonstrate direct neural activation both in brain slices in vitro and in intact brains of living mice in vivo in a spatiotemporal-specific manner, indicating potential utility of femtoSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Cheng
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Xiaoying Tian
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Wanyi Tang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Juan Cheng
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639School of life science, the University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032 China
| | - Jin Bao
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639School of life science, the University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Haipeng Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Sisi Zheng
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Youjun Wang
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Tunan Chen
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Institute of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Hua Feng
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Institute of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Tian Xue
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639School of life science, the University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Keisuke Goda
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Hao He
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030 China
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43
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He M, Lv W, Rao Y. Opportunities and Challenges of Small Molecule Induced Targeted Protein Degradation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:685106. [PMID: 34249939 PMCID: PMC8261656 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.685106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTAC) represents a new type of small molecule induced protein degradation technology that has emerged in recent years. PROTAC uses bifunctional small molecules to induce ubiquitination of target proteins and utilizes intracellular proteasomes for chemical knockdown. It complements the gene editing and RNA interference for protein knockdown. Compared with small molecule inhibitors, PROTAC has shown great advantages in overcoming tumor resistance, affecting the non-enzymatic function of target proteins, degrading undruggable targets, and providing new rapid and reversible chemical knockout tools. At the same time, its challenges and problems also need to be resolved as a fast-developing newchemical biology technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxing Lv
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Rao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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44
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Photolytical reactions for light induced biological effectors release: on the road to the phototherapeutic window. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-021-01071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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45
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de Vink PJ, van der Hek T, Brunsveld L. Light-driven release of cucurbit[8]uril from a bivalent cage. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6726-6731. [PMID: 34040748 PMCID: PMC8132991 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01410b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal control over supramolecular systems has great potential for the modulation of binding and assembly events, such as providing orthogonal control over protein activity. Especially light controlled triggering provides unique entries for supramolecular systems to interface in a controlled manner with enzymes. Here we report on the light-induced release of cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) from a bivalent cage molecule and its subsequent activation of a proteolytic enzyme, caspase-9, that itself is unresponsive to light. Central to the design is the bivalent binding of the cage with high affinity to CB[8], 100-fold stronger than the UV-inactivated products. The affinity switching occurs in the (sub-)micromolar concentration regime, matching the concentration characteristics required for dimerizing and activating caspase-9 by CB[8]. The light-responsive caged CB[8] concept presented offers a novel platform for tuning and application of switchable cucurbiturils and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim J de Vink
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P. O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Tim van der Hek
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P. O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P. O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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46
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Kolmar T, Büllmann SM, Sarter C, Höfer K, Jäschke A. Development of High-Performance Pyrimidine Nucleoside and Oligonucleotide Diarylethene Photoswitches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8164-8173. [PMID: 33476096 PMCID: PMC8049081 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nucleosidic and oligonucleotidic diarylethenes (DAEs) are an emerging class of photochromes with high application potential. However, their further development is hampered by the poor understanding of how the chemical structure modulates the photochromic properties. Here we synthesized 26 systematically varied deoxyuridine- and deoxycytidine-derived DAEs and analyzed reaction quantum yields, composition of the photostationary states, thermal and photochemical stability, and reversibility. This analysis identified two high-performance photoswitches with near-quantitative, fully reversible back-and-forth switching and no detectable thermal or photochemical deterioration. When incorporated into an oligonucleotide with the sequence of a promotor, the nucleotides maintained their photochromism and allowed the modulation of the transcription activity of T7 RNA polymerase with an up to 2.4-fold turn-off factor, demonstrating the potential for optochemical control of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Kolmar
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Simon M. Büllmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Christopher Sarter
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Katharina Höfer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andres Jäschke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
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47
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Kolmar T, Büllmann SM, Sarter C, Höfer K, Jäschke A. Development of High‐Performance Pyrimidine Nucleoside and Oligonucleotide Diarylethene Photoswitches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Kolmar
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Simon M. Büllmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christopher Sarter
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Katharina Höfer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andres Jäschke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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48
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Zeng S, Zhang H, Shen Z, Huang W. Photopharmacology of Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras: A New Frontier for Drug Discovery. Front Chem 2021; 9:639176. [PMID: 33777902 PMCID: PMC7987681 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.639176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photopharmacology is an emerging field that uses light to precisely control drug activity. This strategy promises to improve drug specificity for reducing off-target effects. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are an advanced technology engineered to degrade pathogenic proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome system for disease treatment. This approach has the potential to target the undruggable proteome via event-driven pharmacology. Recently, the combination strategy of photopharmacology and PROTACs has gained tremendous momentum for its use in the discovery and development of new therapies. This review systematically focuses on PROTAC-based photopharmacology. Herein, we provide an overview of the new and vibrant research on photoPROTACs, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this approach as a biological tool, and outline the challenges it faces in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenxin Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhai Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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49
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Noguchi A, Ikegaya Y, Matsumoto N. In Vivo Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Methods: Recent Technical Progress and Future Perspectives. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1448. [PMID: 33669656 PMCID: PMC7922023 DOI: 10.3390/s21041448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Brain functions are fundamental for the survival of organisms, and they are supported by neural circuits consisting of a variety of neurons. To investigate the function of neurons at the single-cell level, researchers often use whole-cell patch-clamp recording techniques. These techniques enable us to record membrane potentials (including action potentials) of individual neurons of not only anesthetized but also actively behaving animals. This whole-cell recording method enables us to reveal how neuronal activities support brain function at the single-cell level. In this review, we introduce previous studies using in vivo patch-clamp recording techniques and recent findings primarily regarding neuronal activities in the hippocampus for behavioral function. We further discuss how we can bridge the gap between electrophysiology and biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Noguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (A.N.); (Y.I.)
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (A.N.); (Y.I.)
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (A.N.); (Y.I.)
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Reichert D, Mootz HD, Rentmeister A. Light-control of cap methylation and mRNA translation via genetic code expansion of Ecm1. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4383-4388. [PMID: 34163701 PMCID: PMC8179545 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00159k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is tightly regulated in all domains of life, with post-transcriptional regulation being more pronounced in higher eukaryotes. Optochemical and optogenetic approaches enable the actuation of many underlying processes by light, which is an excellent tool to exert spatio-temporal control. However, light-mediated control of eukaryotic mRNA processing and the respective enzymes has not been reported. We used genetic code expansion to install a photo-caged tyrosine (Y) in the active site of the cap methyltransferase Ecm1. This enzyme is responsible for guanine N7 methylation of the 5' cap, which is required for translation. Substituting Y284 with the photocaged ortho-nitrobenzyl-tyrosine (ONBY) almost completely abrogated the methylation activity of Ecm1. Irradiation with light removed the ONB group, restoring the native tyrosine and Ecm1 activity, yielding up to 97% conversion of the minimal substrate GpppA within 60 min after activation. Using luciferase- and eGFP-mRNAs as reporters, we could show that light actuates translation by inducing activation of Ecm1 ONBY284 in a eukaryotic in vitro translation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Reichert
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Münster Correnstr. 36 48149 Münster Germany
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Henning D Mootz
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Münster Correnstr. 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Andrea Rentmeister
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Münster Correnstr. 36 48149 Münster Germany
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster 48149 Münster Germany
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