1
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Wardman JF, Withers SG. Carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) discovery and engineering via (Ultra)high-throughput screening. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:595-616. [PMID: 38966674 PMCID: PMC11221537 DOI: 10.1039/d4cb00024b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) constitute a diverse set of enzymes that catalyze the assembly, degradation, and modification of carbohydrates. These enzymes have been fashioned into potent, selective catalysts by millennia of evolution, and yet are also highly adaptable and readily evolved in the laboratory. To identify and engineer CAZymes for different purposes, (ultra)high-throughput screening campaigns have been frequently utilized with great success. This review provides an overview of the different approaches taken in screening for CAZymes and how mechanistic understandings of CAZymes can enable new approaches to screening. Within, we also cover how cutting-edge techniques such as microfluidics, advances in computational approaches and synthetic biology, as well as novel assay designs are leading the field towards more informative and effective screening approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob F Wardman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Stephen G Withers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
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2
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Wu Y, Liu Y, Kong Y, Wu M, Wang D, Shang Y, He X. Modular Assembly of Pyrrolo[3,4- c]isoquinolines through Rh-Catalyzed Cascade C-H Activation/Annulation of O-Methyl Aryloximes with Maleimides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8447-8457. [PMID: 38832810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
An efficient and practical strategy for the construction of pyrrolo[3,4-c]isoquinolines via Rh(III)-catalyzed cascade C-H activation and subsequential annulation process from easily available O-methyl aryloximes and maleimides has been disclosed. This facile protocol does not require any inert atmosphere protection with good efficiency in a low loading of catalyst and exhibits good functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. Notably, the as-prepared products show potential photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinsong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Yangzilin Kong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Mengdi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Demao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Yongjia Shang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Xinwei He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, PR China
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3
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Wang M, Ji Q, Lai B, Liu Y, Mei K. Structure-function and engineering of plant UDP-glycosyltransferase. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5358-5371. [PMID: 37965058 PMCID: PMC10641439 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products synthesized by plants have substantial industrial and medicinal values and are therefore attracting increasing interest in various related industries. Among the key enzyme families involved in the biosynthesis of natural products, uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play a crucial role in plants. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to elucidate the catalytic mechanisms and substrate recognition of plant UGTs and to improve them for desired functions. In this review, we presented a comprehensive overview of all currently published structures of plant UGTs, along with in-depth analyses of the corresponding catalytic and substrate recognition mechanisms. In addition, we summarized and evaluated the protein engineering strategies applied to improve the catalytic activities of plant UGTs, with a particular focus on high-throughput screening methods. The primary objective of this review is to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of plant UGTs and to serve as a valuable reference for the latest techniques used to improve their activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qiushuang Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bin Lai
- BMBF junior research group Biophotovoltaics, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Yirong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kunrong Mei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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4
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Ali MY, Liaqat F, Khazi MI, Sethupathy S, Zhu D. Utilization of glycosyltransferases as a seamless tool for synthesis and modification of the oligosaccharides-A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:125916. [PMID: 37527764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (GTs) catalyze the transfer of active monosaccharide donors to carbohydrates to create a wide range of oligosaccharide structures. GTs display strong regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in producing glycosidic bonds, making them extremely valuable in the in vitro synthesis of oligosaccharides. The synthesis of oligosaccharides by GTs often gives high yields; however, the enzyme activity may experience product inhibition. Additionally, the higher cost of nucleotide sugars limits the usage of GTs for oligosaccharide synthesis. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the structure and mechanism of GTs based on recent literature and the CAZY website data. To provide innovative ideas for the functional studies of GTs, we summarized several remarkable characteristics of GTs, including folding, substrate specificity, regioselectivity, donor sugar nucleotides, catalytic reversibility, and differences between GTs and GHs. In particular, we highlighted the recent advancements in multi-enzyme cascade reactions and co-immobilization of GTs, focusing on overcoming problems with product inhibition and cost issues. Finally, we presented various types of GT that have been successfully used for oligosaccharide synthesis. We concluded that there is still an opportunity for improvement in enzymatically produced oligosaccharide yield, and future research should focus on improving the yield and reducing the production cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Yassin Ali
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Fakhra Liaqat
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mahammed Ilyas Khazi
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Sivasamy Sethupathy
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daochen Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Petersen AB, Mirbarati SH, Svensson B, Duus JØ, Teze D. The Engineered Hexosaminidase TtOGA-D120N Is an Efficient O-/ N-/ S-Glycoligase That Also Catalyzes Formation and Release of Oxazoline Donors for Cascade Syntheses with Glycosynthases or Transglycosylases. Biochemistry 2023; 62:2358-2362. [PMID: 37498728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Engineering glycoside hydrolases is a major route to obtaining catalysts forming glycosidic bonds. Glycosynthases, thioglycoligases, and transglycosylases represent the main strategies, each having advantages and drawbacks. Here, we show that an engineered enzyme from the GH84 family, the acid-base mutant TtOGA-D120N, is an efficient O-, N-, and S-glycoligase, able to use Ssp3, Osp3, Nsp2, and Nsp nucleophiles. Moreover, TtOGA-D120N catalyzes the formation and release of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine 1,2-oxazoline, the intermediate of hexosaminidases displaying substrate-assisted catalysis. This release of an activated intermediate allows cascade synthesis by combination with transglycosylases or glycosynthases, here exemplified by synthesis of the human milk oligosaccharide lacto-N-triose II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes B Petersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Seyed Hossein Mirbarati
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Ø Duus
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Teze
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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6
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Xu Y, Hernández-Rocamora VM, Lorent JH, Cox R, Wang X, Bao X, Stel M, Vos G, van den Bos RM, Pieters RJ, Gray J, Vollmer W, Breukink E. Metabolic labeling of the bacterial peptidoglycan by functionalized glucosamine. iScience 2022; 25:104753. [PMID: 35942089 PMCID: PMC9356107 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is an essential monosaccharide required in almost all organisms. Fluorescent labeling of the peptidoglycan (PG) on N-acetylglucosamine has been poorly explored. Here, we report on the labeling of the PG with a bioorthogonal handle on the GlcNAc. We developed a facile one-step synthesis of uridine diphosphate N-azidoacetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAz) using the glycosyltransferase OleD, followed by in vitro incorporation of GlcNAz into the peptidoglycan precursor Lipid II and fluorescent labeling of the azido group via click chemistry. In a PG synthesis assay, fluorescent GlcNAz-labeled Lipid II was incorporated into peptidoglycan by the DD-transpeptidase activity of bifunctional class A penicillin-binding proteins. We further demonstrate the incorporation of GlcNAz into the PG layer of OleD-expressed bacteria by feeding with 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl GlcNAz (GlcNAz-CNP). Hence, our labeling method using the heterologous expression of OleD is useful to study PG synthesis and possibly other biological processes involving GlcNAc metabolism in vivo. Peptidoglycan consists of N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmuramic acid, and amino acids We developed a one-step synthesis of azide-labeled UDP-N-acetylglucosamine In vivo generated azide-labeled UDP-N-acetylglucosamine gets incorporated into peptidoglycan Bacteria were fluorescently labeled on N-acetylglucosamine of peptidoglycan
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Joseph H. Lorent
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud Cox
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xue Bao
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjon Stel
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gaël Vos
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ramon M. van den Bos
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roland J. Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joe Gray
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Waldemar Vollmer
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Eefjan Breukink
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author
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7
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Gao YH, Nie QY, Hu Y, Lu X, Xiang W, Wang X, Tang GL. Discovery of glycosylated naphthacemycins and elucidation of the glycosylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 622:122-128. [PMID: 35849953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Two glycosylated naphthacemycins (naphthacemycins D1 and D2) were identified in Streptomyces sp. N12W1565. These two compounds not only showed antimicrobial potential against bacteria but also exhibited more aqueous solubility than naphthacemycins. Furthermore, the whole genome of Streptomyces sp. N12W1565 has been sequenced, the natY gene, located outside the biosynthetic gene cluster encoding a D-glucose glycosyltransferase, was identified to mediate glycosylation in the phenolic hydroxyl of the naphthacemycin core scaffold. Glycosyltransferase was elucidated in vitro by using a homologous enzyme, which showed potential as a biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biological Functional Gene of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Committee, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Qiu-Yue Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Xinhua Lu
- New Drug Research and Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering and Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory New Drug Screening Technology of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, 050015, PR China
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biological Functional Gene of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Committee, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiangjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biological Functional Gene of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Committee, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Gong-Li Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, PR China.
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8
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Guo Z, Wang L, Su L, Chen S, Xia W, André I, Rovira C, Wang B, Wu J. A Single Hydrogen Bond Controls the Selectivity of Transglycosylation vs Hydrolysis in Family 13 Glycoside Hydrolases. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5626-5632. [PMID: 35704841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Converting glycoside hydrolases (GHs) from hydrolytic to synthetic enzymes via transglycosylation is a long-standing goal for the biosynthesis of complex carbohydrates. However, the molecular determinants for the selectivity of transglycosylation (T) vs hydrolysis (H) are still not fully unraveled. Herein, we show experimentally that mutation of one active site residue can switch the enzyme activity between hydrolysis and transglycosylation in two highly homologous GHs. Further QM/MM simulations reveal that the mutation modulates the T vs H reaction barriers via the presence/absence of a single H-bond with the nucleophile Asp. Such a H-bond controls the product selectivity via a dual effect: on one hand, it facilitates the breaking of the glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. On the other, it displaces the sugar acceptor, resulting in a reduced affinity and significant steric repulsion for transglycosylation. These findings expand our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that modulate the T/H balance in GHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingqia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Isabelle André
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08020 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Binju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 360015, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
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9
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Cosgrove SC, Miller GJ. Advances in biocatalytic and chemoenzymatic synthesis of nucleoside analogues. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:355-364. [PMID: 35133222 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2039620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nucleoside analogues represent a cornerstone of achievement in drug discovery, rising to prominence particularly in the fields of antiviral and anticancer discovery over the last 60 years. Traditionally accessed using chemical synthesis, a paradigm shift to include the use of biocatalytic synthesis is now apparent. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors discuss the recent advances using this technology to access nucleoside analogues. Two key aspects are covered, the first surrounding methodology concepts, effectively using enzymes to access diverse nucleoside analogue space and also for producing key building blocks. The second focuses on the use of biocatalytic cascades for de novo syntheses of nucleoside analogue drugs. Finally, recent advances in technologies for effecting enzymatic nucleoside synthesis are considered, chiefly immobilization and flow. EXPERT OPINION Enzymatic synthesis of nucleoside analogues is maturing but has yet to usurp chemical synthesis as a first-hand synthesis technology, with scalability and substrate modification primary issues. Moving forward, tandem approaches that harness expertise across molecular microbiology and chemical synthesis will be vital to unlocking the potential of next generation nucleoside analogue drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C Cosgrove
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.,Centre for Glycoscience Research, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.,Centre for Glycoscience Research, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
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10
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Klahn P, Zscherp R, Jimidar CC. Advances in the Synthesis of Enterobactin, Artificial Analogues, and Enterobactin-Derived Antimicrobial Drug Conjugates and Imaging Tools for Infection Diagnosis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1783-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIron is an essential growth factor for bacteria, but although highly abundant in nature, its bioavailability during infection in the human host or the environment is limited. Therefore, bacteria produce and secrete siderophores to ensure their supply of iron. The triscatecholate siderophore enterobactin and its glycosylated derivatives, the salmochelins, play a crucial role for iron acquisition in several bacteria. As these compounds can serve as carrier molecules for the design of antimicrobial siderophore drug conjugates as well as siderophore-derived tool compounds for the detection of infections with bacteria, their synthesis and the design of artificial analogues is of interest. In this review, we give an overview on the synthesis of enterobactin, biomimetic as well as totally artificial analogues, and related drug-conjugates covering up to 12/2021.1 Introduction2 Antibiotic Crisis and Sideromycins as Natural Templates for New Antimicrobial Drugs3 Biosynthesis of Enterobactin, Salmochelins, and Microcins4 Total Synthesis of Enterobactin and Salmochelins5 Chemoenzymatic Semi-synthesis of Salmochelins and Microcin E492m Derivatives6 Synthesis of Biomimetic Enterobactin Derivatives with Natural Tris-lactone Backbone7 Synthesis of Artificial Enterobactin Derivatives without Tris-lactone Backbone8 Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Klahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Department for Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg
| | - Robert Zscherp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig
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11
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Beerens K, Gevaert O, Desmet T. GDP-Mannose 3,5-Epimerase: A View on Structure, Mechanism, and Industrial Potential. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:784142. [PMID: 35087867 PMCID: PMC8787198 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.784142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GDP-mannose 3,5-epimerase (GM35E, GME) belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) protein superfamily and catalyses the conversion of GDP-d-mannose towards GDP-l-galactose. Although the overall reaction seems relatively simple (a double epimerization), the enzyme needs to orchestrate a complex set of chemical reactions, with no less than 6 catalysis steps (oxidation, 2x deprotonation, 2x protonation and reduction), to perform the double epimerization of GDP-mannose to GDP-l-galactose. The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of vitamin C in plants and lipopolysaccharide synthesis in bacteria. In this review, we provide a clear overview of these interesting epimerases, including the latest findings such as the recently characterized bacterial and thermostable GM35E representative and its mechanism revision but also focus on their industrial potential in rare sugar synthesis and glycorandomization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom Desmet
- *Correspondence: Koen Beerens, ; Tom Desmet,
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12
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Jung J, Schachtschabel D, Speitling M, Nidetzky B. Controllable Iterative β-Glucosylation from UDP-Glucose by Bacillus cereus Glycosyltransferase GT1: Application for the Synthesis of Disaccharide-Modified Xenobiotics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14630-14642. [PMID: 34817995 PMCID: PMC8662728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation in natural product metabolism and xenobiotic detoxification often leads to disaccharide-modified metabolites. The chemical synthesis of such glycosides typically separates the glycosylation steps in space and time. The option to perform the two-step glycosylation in one pot, and catalyzed by a single permissive enzyme, is interesting for a facile access to disaccharide-modified products. Here, we reveal the glycosyltransferase GT1 from Bacillus cereus (BcGT1; gene identifier: KT821092) for iterative O-β-glucosylation from uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-glucose to form a β-linked disaccharide of different metabolites, including a C15 hydroxylated detoxification intermediate of the agricultural herbicide cinmethylin (15HCM). We identify thermodynamic and kinetic requirements for the selective formation of the disaccharide compared to the monosaccharide-modified 15HCM. As shown by NMR and high-resolution MS, β-cellobiosyl and β-gentiobiosyl groups are attached to the aglycone's O15 in a 2:1 ratio. Glucosylation reactions on methylumbelliferone and 4-nitrophenol involve reversible glycosyl transfer from and to UDP as well as UDP-glucose hydrolysis, both catalyzed by BcGT1. Collectively, this study delineates the iterative β-d-glucosylation of aglycones by BcGT1 and demonstrates applicability for the programmable one-pot synthesis of disaccharide-modified 15HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Jung
- Austrian
Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, NAWI Graz, TU Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Austrian
Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, NAWI Graz, TU Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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13
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Catalytic flexibility of rice glycosyltransferase OsUGT91C1 for the production of palatable steviol glycosides. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7030. [PMID: 34857750 PMCID: PMC8639739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Steviol glycosides are the intensely sweet components of extracts from Stevia rebaudiana. These molecules comprise an invariant steviol aglycone decorated with variable glycans and could widely serve as a low-calorie sweetener. However, the most desirable steviol glycosides Reb D and Reb M, devoid of unpleasant aftertaste, are naturally produced only in trace amounts due to low levels of specific β (1-2) glucosylation in Stevia. Here, we report the biochemical and structural characterization of OsUGT91C1, a glycosyltransferase from Oryza sativa, which is efficient at catalyzing β (1-2) glucosylation. The enzyme's ability to bind steviol glycoside substrate in three modes underlies its flexibility to catalyze β (1-2) glucosylation in two distinct orientations as well as β (1-6) glucosylation. Guided by the structural insights, we engineer this enzyme to enhance the desirable β (1-2) glucosylation, eliminate β (1-6) glucosylation, and obtain a promising catalyst for the industrial production of naturally rare but palatable steviol glycosides.
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14
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Zhang JY, Hu J, Li XX, Tang WK, Feng YS. Metal-Free Transformation of Sulfonyl Oxime Ethers with Amines to Oxime Ethers. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12676-12682. [PMID: 34472854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonyl oxime ethers undergo facile radical substitutions with various amines to yield the corresponding oxime ethers. An efficient arylation of sulfonyl oxime ethers was accomplished under ambient temperature and metal-free conditions, with a wide range of functional group tolerance. Mechanistic investigations indicate that a phenyl radical is involved in the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yuan Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Jinglin Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ke Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Si Feng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Maanshan 243110, P.R. China
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15
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Council CE, Kilpin KJ, Gusthart JS, Allman SA, Linclau B, Lee SS. Enzymatic glycosylation involving fluorinated carbohydrates. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:3423-3451. [PMID: 32319497 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00436g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated carbohydrates, where one (or more) fluorine atom(s) have been introduced into a carbohydrate structure, typically through deoxyfluorination chemistry, have a wide range of applications in the glycosciences. Fluorinated derivatives of galactose, glucose, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, talose, fucose and sialic acid have been employed as either donor or acceptor substrates in glycosylation reactions. Fluorinated donors can be synthesised by synthetic methods or produced enzymatically from chemically fluorinated sugars. The latter process is mediated by enzymes such as kinases, phosphorylases and nucleotidyltransferases. Fluorinated donors produced by either method can subsequently be used in glycosylation reactions mediated by glycosyltransferases, or phosphorylases yielding fluorinated oligosaccharide or glycoconjugate products. Fluorinated acceptor substrates are typically synthesised chemically. Glycosyltransferases are most commonly used in conjunction with natural donors to further elaborate fluorinated acceptor substrates. Glycoside hydrolases are used with either fluorinated donors or acceptors. The activity of enzymes towards fluorinated sugars is often lower than towards the natural sugar substrates irrespective of donor or acceptor. This may be in part attributed to elimination of the contribution of the hydroxyl group to the binding of the substrate to enzymes. However, in many cases, enzymes still maintain a significant activity, and reactions may be optimised where necessary, enabling enzymes to be used more successfully in the production of fluorinated carbohydrates. This review describes the current state of the art regarding chemoenzymatic production of fluorinated carbohydrates, focusing specifically on examples of the enzymatic production of activated fluorinated donors and enzymatic glycosylation involving fluorinated sugars as either glycosyl donors or acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Council
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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16
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Hou M, Wang R, Zhao S, Wang Z. Ginsenosides in Panax genus and their biosynthesis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1813-1834. [PMID: 34386322 PMCID: PMC8343117 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are a series of glycosylated triterpenoids which belong to protopanaxadiol (PPD)-, protopanaxatriol (PPT)-, ocotillol (OCT)- and oleanane (OA)-type saponins known as active compounds of Panax genus. They are accumulated in plant roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. The content and composition of ginsenosides are varied in different ginseng species, and in different parts of a certain plant. In this review, we summarized the representative saponins structures, their distributions and the contents in nearly 20 Panax species, and updated the biosynthetic pathways of ginsenosides focusing on enzymes responsible for structural diversified ginsenoside biosynthesis. We also emphasized the transcription factors in ginsenoside biosynthesis and non-coding RNAs in the growth of Panax genus plants, and highlighted the current three major biotechnological applications for ginsenosides production. This review covered advances in the past four decades, providing more clues for chemical discrimination and assessment on certain ginseng plants, new perspectives for rational evaluation and utilization of ginseng resource, and potential strategies for production of specific ginsenosides.
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Key Words
- ABA, abscisic acid
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- AtCPR (ATR), Arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome P450 reductase
- BARS, baruol synthase
- Biosynthetic pathway
- Biotechnological approach
- CAS, cycloartenol synthase
- CDP, cytidine diphosphate
- CPQ, cucurbitadienol synthase
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- DDS, dammarenediol synthase
- DM, dammarenediol-II
- DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate
- FPP, farnesyl pyrophosphate
- FPPS (FPS), farnesyl diphosphate synthase
- GDP, guanosine diphosphate
- Ginsenoside
- HEJA, 2-hydroxyethyl jasmonate
- HMGR, HMG-CoA reductase
- IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate
- ITS, internal transcribed spacer
- JA, jasmonic acid
- JA-Ile, (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine
- JAR, JA-amino acid synthetase
- JAZ, jasmonate ZIM-domain
- KcMS, Kandelia candel multifunctional triterpene synthases
- LAS, lanosterol synthase
- LUP, lupeol synthase
- MEP, methylerythritol phosphate
- MVA, mevalonate
- MVD, mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase
- MeJA, methyl jasmonate
- NDP, nucleotide diphosphate
- Non-coding RNAs
- OA, oleanane or oleanic acid
- OAS, oleanolic acid synthase
- OCT, ocotillol
- OSC, oxidosqualene cyclase
- PPD, protopanaxadiol
- PPDS, PPD synthase
- PPT, protopanaxatriol
- PPTS, PPT synthase
- Panax species
- RNAi, RNA interference
- SA, salicylic acid
- SE (SQE), squalene epoxidase
- SPL, squamosa promoter-binding protein-like
- SS (SQS), squalene synthase
- SUS, sucrose synthase
- TDP, thymine diphosphate
- Transcription factors
- UDP, uridine diphosphate
- UGPase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphosphprylase
- UGT, UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase
- WGD, whole genome duplication
- α-AS, α-amyrin synthase
- β-AS, β-amyrin synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoqi Hou
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rufeng Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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17
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Effective Generation of Glucosylpiericidins with Selective Cytotoxicities and Insights into Their Biosynthesis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0029421. [PMID: 33893110 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00294-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring unknown glycosyltransferases (GTs) is important for compound structural glycodiversification during the search for drug candidates. Piericidin glycosides have been reported to have potent bioactivities; however, the GT responsible for piericidin glucosylation remains unknown. Herein, BmmGT1, a macrolide GT with broad substrate selectivity and isolated from Bacillus methylotrophicus B-9987, was found to be able to glucosylate piericidin A1 in vitro. Next, the codon-optimized GT gene sbmGT1, which was designed based on BmmGT1, was heterologously expressed in the piericidin producer Streptomyces youssoufiensis OUC6819. Piericidin glycosides thus significantly accumulated, leading to the identification of four new glucopiericidins (compounds 3, 4, 6, and 7). Furthermore, using BmmGT1 as the probe, GT1507 was identified in the genome of S. youssoufiensis OUC6819 and demonstrated to be associated with piericidin glucosylation; the overexpression of this gene led to the identification of another new piericidin glycoside, N-acetylglucosamine-piericidin (compound 8). Compounds 4, 7, and 8 displayed cytotoxic selectivity toward A549, A375, HCT-116, and HT-29 solid cancer cell lines compared to the THP-1 lymphoma cell line. Moreover, database mining of GT1507 homologs revealed their wide distribution in bacteria, mainly in those belonging to the high-GC Gram-positive and Firmicutes clades, thus representing the potential for identification of novel tool enzymes for compound glycodiversification. IMPORTANCE Numerous bioactive natural products are appended with sugar moieties and are often critical for their bioactivities. Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are powerful tools for the glycodiversification of natural products. Although piericidin glycosides display potent bioactivities, the GT involved in glucosylation is unclear. In this study, five new piericidin glycosides (compounds 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8) were generated following the overexpression of GT-coding genes in a piericidin producer. Three of them (compounds 4, 7, and 8) displayed cytotoxic selectivity. Notably, GT1507 was demonstrated to be related to piericidin glucosylation in vivo. Furthermore, mining of GT1507 homologs from the GenBank database revealed their wide distribution across numerous bacteria. Our findings would greatly facilitate the exploration of GTs to glycodiversify small molecules in the search for drug candidates.
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18
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Exploiting the Reversibility of GTBP1 Catalyzed One-pot Reactions for the Synergistical Synthesis of Ponasterone A and Phenolic Glycosides. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Traverssi MG, Peñéñory AB, Varela O, Colomer JP. Photooxidation of thiosaccharides mediated by sensitizers in aerobic and environmentally friendly conditions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9262-9273. [PMID: 35423421 PMCID: PMC8695230 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09534f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of β-d-glucopyranosyl derivates have been synthesized and evaluated in photooxidation reactions promoted by visible light and mediated by organic dyes under aerobic conditions. Among the different photocatalysts employed, tetra-O-acetyl riboflavin afforded chemoselectively the respective sulfoxides, without over-oxidation to sulfones, in good to excellent yields and short reaction times. This new methodology for the preparation of synthetically useful glycosyl sulfoxides constitutes a catalytic, efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly oxidation process not reported so far for carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miqueas G Traverssi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria Edificio de Ciencias II Córdoba Argentina .,Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisico-Química de Córdoba (INFIQC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), UNC Argentina
| | - Alicia B Peñéñory
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria Edificio de Ciencias II Córdoba Argentina .,Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisico-Química de Córdoba (INFIQC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), UNC Argentina
| | - Oscar Varela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria Pab. 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires Argentina.,Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), UBA Argentina
| | - Juan P Colomer
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria Edificio de Ciencias II Córdoba Argentina .,Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisico-Química de Córdoba (INFIQC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), UNC Argentina
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20
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Structural and biochemical studies of the glycosyltransferase Bs-YjiC from Bacillus subtilis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:806-817. [PMID: 33152360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation possess prominent biological and pharmacological significance in natural product and drug candidate synthesis. The glycosyltransferase YjiC, discovered from Bacillus subtilis (Bs-YjiC), shows potential applications in drug development due to its wide substrate spectrums. In order to elucidate its catalytic mechanism, we solved the crystal structure of Bs-YjiC, demonstrating that Bs-YjiC adopts a typical GT-B fold consisting of a flexible N-domain and a relatively rigid C-domain. Structural analysis coupled with site-directed mutagenesis studies revealed that site Ser277 was critical for Nucleoside Diphosphate (NDP) recognition, while Glu317, Gln318, Ser128 and Ser129 were crucial for glycosyl moiety recognition. Our results illustrate the structural basis for acceptor promiscuity in Bs-YjiC and provide a starting point for further protein engineering of Bs-YjiC in industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
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21
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Putkaradze N, Teze D, Fredslund F, Welner DH. Natural product C-glycosyltransferases - a scarcely characterised enzymatic activity with biotechnological potential. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:432-443. [PMID: 33005913 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00040j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2020C-Glycosyltransferases are enzymes that catalyse the transfer of sugar molecules to carbon atoms in substituted aromatic rings of a variety of natural products. The resulting β-C-glycosidic bond is more stable in vivo than most O-glycosidic bonds, hence offering an attractive modulation of a variety of compounds with multiple biological activities. While C-glycosylated natural products have been known for centuries, our knowledge of corresponding C-glycosyltransferases is scarce. Here, we discuss commonalities and differences in the known C-glycosyltransferases, review attempts to leverage them as synthetic biocatalysts, and discuss current challenges and limitations in their research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Putkaradze
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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22
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Zhang P, Zhang L, Yue XJ, Tang YJ, Wu C, Li YZ. Effects of glycosylation on the bioactivity of rapamycin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9125-9134. [PMID: 32940736 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The macrolactone rapamycin (RAP) presents a broad range of bioactivities, but its clinical applications are compromised due to the poor water solubility and low bioavailability, which could probably be overcome by glycosylation. In this study, we tested a set of promiscuous glycosyltransferases (GTs) to modify rapamycin with four different sugar donors. BsGT-1 displayed the best glycosylation activity with a preference for UDP-glucose, and the glycosylation happened at C-28 or C-40 of rapamycin, producing rapamycin-40-O-β-D-glucoside (RG1), and two new compounds rapamycin-28-O-β-D-glucoside (RG2) and rapamycin-28,40-O-β-D-diglucoside (RG3). The glycosylation remarkably improved water solubility and almost completely abolished cytotoxicity but simultaneously attenuated the antifungal, antitumor, and immunosuppression bioactivities of rapamycin. We found the glycosylation at C-40 had less effect on the bioactivities than that at C-28. The molecular docking analysis revealed that the glycosylation, especially the glycosylation at C-28, weakened the hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding contacts between the rapamycin glucosides and the binding proteins: the FK506-binding protein (FKBP12) and the FKBP12-rapamycin binding (FRB) domain. This study highlights a succinct approach to expand the chemical diversity of the therapeutically important molecule rapamycin by using promiscuous glycosyltransferases. Moreover, the fact that glycosyl moieties at different positions of rapamycin affect bioactivity to different extents inspires further glycosylation engineering to improve properties of rapamycin. KEY POINTS: • Rapamycin was glycosylated efficiently by some promiscuous GTs. • Glycosylation improved water solubility, attenuated cytotoxicity, and bioactivities. • Glycosylation affected the interactions between ligand and binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Jing Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yue-Zhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Gao Y, Zhang L, Feng X, Liu X, Guo F, Lv B, Li C. Galactosylation of Monosaccharide Derivatives of Glycyrrhetinic Acid by UDP-Glycosyltransferase GmSGT2 from Glycine max. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8580-8588. [PMID: 32689796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid aglycone, is the major functional component in licorice which mainly exists in the form of functional glycosides in licorice. The introduction of a sugar moiety to the C-3 OH of GA to yield glycosylated derivatives has been reported, but the late-stage glycosylation of GA-3-O-sugar to form rare GA glycosides with more complexed glycosyl decoration has been rarely reported. In this study, a unique UDP-galactosyltransferase GmSGT2 from Glycine max was found to transfer a galactose to the C2 position of the sugar moiety of GA-3-O-monoglucuronide (GAMG) and GA-3-O-monoglucose. In addition to UDP-galactose, GmSGT2 also recognizes UDP-glucose, UDP-xylose, and UDP-arabinose with relative activities of 32.1-89.2%. Based on a test of 12 typical natural products, GmSGT2 showed high specificity toward the pentacyclic triterpenoid skeleton as the sugar acceptor. Molecular docking was performed to elucidate the substrate recognition mechanism of GmSGT2 toward GAMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gao
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xudong Feng
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bo Lv
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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24
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Jaroentomeechai T, Taw MN, Li M, Aquino A, Agashe N, Chung S, Jewett MC, DeLisa MP. Cell-Free Synthetic Glycobiology: Designing and Engineering Glycomolecules Outside of Living Cells. Front Chem 2020; 8:645. [PMID: 32850660 PMCID: PMC7403607 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans and glycosylated biomolecules are directly involved in almost every biological process as well as the etiology of most major diseases. Hence, glycoscience knowledge is essential to efforts aimed at addressing fundamental challenges in understanding and improving human health, protecting the environment and enhancing energy security, and developing renewable and sustainable resources that can serve as the source of next-generation materials. While much progress has been made, there remains an urgent need for new tools that can overexpress structurally uniform glycans and glycoconjugates in the quantities needed for characterization and that can be used to mechanistically dissect the enzymatic reactions and multi-enzyme assembly lines that promote their construction. To address this technology gap, cell-free synthetic glycobiology has emerged as a simplified and highly modular framework to investigate, prototype, and engineer pathways for glycan biosynthesis and biomolecule glycosylation outside the confines of living cells. From nucleotide sugars to complex glycoproteins, we summarize here recent efforts that harness the power of cell-free approaches to design, build, test, and utilize glyco-enzyme reaction networks that produce desired glycomolecules in a predictable and controllable manner. We also highlight novel cell-free methods for shedding light on poorly understood aspects of diverse glycosylation processes and engineering these processes toward desired outcomes. Taken together, cell-free synthetic glycobiology represents a promising set of tools and techniques for accelerating basic glycoscience research (e.g., deciphering the "glycan code") and its application (e.g., biomanufacturing high-value glycomolecules on demand).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapakorn Jaroentomeechai
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - May N. Taw
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Mingji Li
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Alicia Aquino
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ninad Agashe
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Sean Chung
- Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Michael C. Jewett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Matthew P. DeLisa
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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25
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Na L, Yu H, McArthur JB, Ghosh T, Asbell T, Chen X. Engineer P. multocida Heparosan Synthase 2 (PmHS2) for Size-Controlled Synthesis of Longer Heparosan Oligosaccharides. ACS Catal 2020; 10:6113-6118. [PMID: 33520345 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida heparosan synthase 2 (PmHS2) is a dual-function polysaccharide synthase having both α1-4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (α1-4-GlcNAcT) and β1-4-glucuronyltransferase (β1-4-GlcAT) activities located in two separate catalytic domains. We found that removing PmHS2 N-terminal 80-amino acid residues improved enzyme stability and expression level while retaining its substrate promiscuity. We also identified the reverse glycosylation activities of PmHS2 which complicated its application in size-controlled synthesis of oligosaccharides longer than hexasaccharide. Engineered Δ80PmHS2 single-function-glycosyltransferase mutants Δ80PmHS2_D291N (α1-4-GlcNAcT lacking both forward and reverse β1-4-GlcAT activities) and Δ80PmHS2_D569N (β1-4-GlcAT lacking both forward and reverse α1-4-GlcNAcT activities) were designed and showed to minimize side product formation. They were successfully used in a sequential one-pot multienzyme (OPME) platform for size-controlled high-yield production of oligosaccharides up to decasaccharide. The study draws attention to the consideration of reverse glycosylation activities of glycosyltransferases, including polysaccharide synthases, when applying them in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. The mutagenesis strategy has the potential to be extended to other multifunctional polysaccharide synthases with reverse glycosylation activities to generate catalysts with improved synthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Na
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - John B. McArthur
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Tamashree Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Thomas Asbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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26
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Li J, Yang J, Mu S, Shang N, Liu C, Zhu Y, Cai Y, Liu P, Lin J, Liu W, Sun Y, Ma Y. Efficient O-Glycosylation of Triterpenes Enabled by Protein Engineering of Plant Glycosyltransferase UGT74AC1. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Shicheng Mu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Na Shang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Cui Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yueming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yi Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Pi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jianping Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yuanxia Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
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27
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Jung YS, Kim YJ, Kim AT, Jang D, Kim MS, Seo DH, Nam TG, Rha CS, Park CS, Kim DO. Enrichment of Polyglucosylated Isoflavones from Soybean Isoflavone Aglycones Using Optimized Amylosucrase Transglycosylation. Molecules 2020; 25:E181. [PMID: 31906359 PMCID: PMC6982859 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones in soybeans are well-known phytoestrogens. Soy isoflavones present in conjugated forms are converted to aglycone forms during processing and storage. Isoflavone aglycones (IFAs) of soybeans in human diets have poor solubility in water, resulting in low bioavailability and bioactivity. Enzyme-mediated glycosylation is an efficient and environmentally friendly way to modify the physicochemical properties of soy IFAs. In this study, we determined the optimal reaction conditions for Deinococcus geothermalis amylosucrase-mediated α-1,4 glycosylation of IFA-rich soybean extract to improve the bioaccessibility of IFAs. The conversion yields of soy IFAs were in decreasing order as follows: genistein > daidzein > glycitein. An enzyme quantity of 5 U and donor:acceptor ratios of 1000:1 (glycitein) and 400:1 (daidzein and genistein) resulted in high conversion yield (average 95.7%). These optimal reaction conditions for transglycosylation can be used to obtain transglycosylated IFA-rich functional ingredients from soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sung Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.S.J.); (A.T.K.)
| | - Ye-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (D.J.); (C.-S.P.)
| | - Aaron Taehwan Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.S.J.); (A.T.K.)
| | - Davin Jang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (D.J.); (C.-S.P.)
| | - Mi-Seon Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (D.J.); (C.-S.P.)
| | - Dong-Ho Seo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - Tae Gyu Nam
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Chan-Su Rha
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.S.J.); (A.T.K.)
| | - Cheon-Seok Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (D.J.); (C.-S.P.)
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.S.J.); (A.T.K.)
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (D.J.); (C.-S.P.)
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28
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Hughes RR, Shaaban KA, Ponomareva LV, Horn J, Zhang C, Zhan CG, Voss SR, Leggas M, Thorson JS. OleD Loki as a Catalyst for Hydroxamate Glycosylation. Chembiochem 2019; 21:952-957. [PMID: 31621997 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the ability of the permissive glycosyltransferase (GT) OleD Loki to convert a diverse set of >15 histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACis) into their corresponding hydroxamate glycosyl esters. Representative glycosyl esters were subsequently evaluated in assays for cancer cell line cytotoxicity, chemical and enzymatic stability, and axolotl embryo tail regeneration. Computational substrate docking models were predictive of enzyme-catalyzed turnover and suggest certain HDACis may form unproductive, potentially inhibitory, complexes with GTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Hughes
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Khaled A Shaaban
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Larissa V Ponomareva
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jamie Horn
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - S Randal Voss
- Department of Neuroscience, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Ambystoma Genetic Stock Center, University of Kentucky, UK Medical Center MN 150, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Markos Leggas
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
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29
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Mestrom L, Przypis M, Kowalczykiewicz D, Pollender A, Kumpf A, Marsden SR, Bento I, Jarzębski AB, Szymańska K, Chruściel A, Tischler D, Schoevaart R, Hanefeld U, Hagedoorn PL. Leloir Glycosyltransferases in Applied Biocatalysis: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215263. [PMID: 31652818 PMCID: PMC6861944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are nature’s catalyst of choice for the highly selective and efficient coupling of carbohydrates. Enzymatic sugar coupling is a competitive technology for industrial glycosylation reactions, since chemical synthetic routes require extensive use of laborious protection group manipulations and often lack regio- and stereoselectivity. The application of Leloir glycosyltransferases has received considerable attention in recent years and offers excellent control over the reactivity and selectivity of glycosylation reactions with unprotected carbohydrates, paving the way for previously inaccessible synthetic routes. The development of nucleotide recycling cascades has allowed for the efficient production and reuse of nucleotide sugar donors in robust one-pot multi-enzyme glycosylation cascades. In this way, large glycans and glycoconjugates with complex stereochemistry can be constructed. With recent advances, LeLoir glycosyltransferases are close to being applied industrially in multi-enzyme, programmable cascade glycosylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk Mestrom
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Marta Przypis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Daria Kowalczykiewicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - André Pollender
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Antje Kumpf
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Stefan R Marsden
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Isabel Bento
- EMBL Hamburg, Notkestraβe 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Andrzej B Jarzębski
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bałtycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Szymańska
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Ks. M. Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | | | - Dirk Tischler
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Rob Schoevaart
- ChiralVision, J.H. Oortweg 21, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter-Leon Hagedoorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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30
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Forget SM, Shepard SB, Soleimani E, Jakeman DL. On the Catalytic Activity of a GT1 Family Glycosyltransferase from Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11482-11492. [PMID: 31429289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
GT1 family glycosyltansferase, Sv0189, from Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230 (ATCC 10721) was characterized. The recombinantly produced protein Sv0189 possessed UDP-glycosyltransferase activity. Screening, using an assay employing unnatural nitrophenyl glycosides as activated donors, resulted in the discovery of a broad substrate scope with respect to both acceptor molecules and donor sugars. In addition to polyphenols, including anthraquinones, simple aromatics containing primary or secondary alcohols, a variety of complex natural products and synthetic drugs were glucosylated or xylosylated by Sv0189. Regioselectivity was established through the isolation and characterization of glucosylated products. Sv0189 and homologous proteins are widely distributed among Streptomyces species, and their apparent substrate promiscuity reveals potential for their development as biocatalysts for glycodiversification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ebrahim Soleimani
- Department of Chemistry , Razi University , Kermanshah 67149-67346 , Iran
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31
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Yang Y, Liu M, Zhang W, Cao Y, Li C, Wang W. Identification and Characterization of Two New 1- O-Acyl-glucose-ester Forming Glucosyltransferases from Erigeron breviscapus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2848-2855. [PMID: 30821967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two versatile UDP-glucosyltransferases, UGT75L25 and UGT75X1, were isolated from Erigeron breviscapus. The enzymes display high sequence identity to flavonoid 7- O-glucosyltransferase from Malus species and cluster to the phylogenetic group L of plant glucosyltransferases, also involved in the formation of hydroxycinnamoyl glucose esters, which are used as bifunctional donors in the glucosylation or acylation of anthocyanins. The enzymes, functionally expressed in Escherichia coli, exhibit broad substrate specificity toward 21 structurally diverse types of phenolic acids, including (hydroxy)cinnamates, vanillic acid, 3-hydroxycoumarin, and 7-hydroxyflavonoids. The catalytic characteristics of UGT75L25 and UGT75X1 were exploited to generate the corresponding acyl-glucose-esters or glucosides with high efficiency. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of acyl-glucose-esters in the further enzymatic synthesis of bioactive anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health Commission of the Peoplés Republic of China, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Minzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health Commission of the Peoplés Republic of China, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health Commission of the Peoplés Republic of China, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Yunsong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health Commission of the Peoplés Republic of China, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Changkun Li
- Beijing Branch , Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd. , Beijing 100020 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health Commission of the Peoplés Republic of China, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
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32
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Ahmadipour S, Beswick L, Miller GJ. Recent advances in the enzymatic synthesis of sugar-nucleotides using nucleotidylyltransferases and glycosyltransferases. Carbohydr Res 2018; 469:38-47. [PMID: 30265902 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Laura Beswick
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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33
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Lepak A, Gutmann A, Nidetzky B. β-Glucosyl Fluoride as Reverse Reaction Donor Substrate and Mechanistic Probe of Inverting Sugar Nucleotide-Dependent Glycosyltransferases. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lepak
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Gutmann
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
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34
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Nidetzky B, Gutmann A, Zhong C. Leloir Glycosyltransferases as Biocatalysts for Chemical Production. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Gutmann
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Chao Zhong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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35
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Ghirardello M, Perrone D, Chinaglia N, Sádaba D, Delso I, Tejero T, Marchesi E, Fogagnolo M, Rafie K, van Aalten DMF, Merino P. UDP-GlcNAc Analogues as Inhibitors of O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT): Spectroscopic, Computational, and Biological Studies. Chemistry 2018. [PMID: 29513364 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of glycomimetics of UDP-GlcNAc, in which the β-phosphate has been replaced by either an alkyl chain or a triazolyl ring and the sugar moiety has been replaced by a pyrrolidine ring, has been synthesized by the application of different click-chemistry procedures. Their affinities for human O-GlcNAc transferase (hOGT) have been evaluated and studied both spectroscopically and computationally. The binding epitopes of the best ligands have been determined in solution by means of saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy. Experimental, spectroscopic, and computational results are in agreement, pointing out the essential role of the binding of β-phosphate. We have found that the loss of interactions from the β-phosphate can be counterbalanced by the presence of hydrophobic groups at a pyrroline ring acting as a surrogate of the carbohydrate unit. Two of the prepared glycomimetics show inhibition at a micromolar level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Ghirardello
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Daniela Perrone
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicola Chinaglia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - David Sádaba
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Delso
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tomas Tejero
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Marchesi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Fogagnolo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Karim Rafie
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Pedro Merino
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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36
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Chen D, Fan S, Chen R, Xie K, Yin S, Sun L, Liu J, Yang L, Kong J, Yang Z, Dai J. Probing and Engineering Key Residues for Bis-C-glycosylation and Promiscuity of a C-Glycosyltransferase. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Fan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ridao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kebo Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Sun
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhong Guan Cun Southern Street, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jimei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhong Guan Cun Southern Street, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyong Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jungui Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
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37
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Wen C, Huang W, Zhu XL, Li XS, Zhang F, Jiang RW. UGT74AN1, a Permissive Glycosyltransferase from Asclepias curassavica for the Regiospecific Steroid 3-O-Glycosylation. Org Lett 2018; 20:534-537. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory
of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory
of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Lin Zhu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory
of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-San Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory
of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory
of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Wang Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory
of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
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38
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Inoue C, Okamoto Y, Vavricka CJ, Kiyota H, Izumi M. Synthesis of Halogenated-4-Nitrophenyl 2-deoxy-2-halogeno-pyranosides via N -Halogenosuccinimide Activated Glucal. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaction of 3,4,6-tri- O -acetyl-D-glucal with silver 4-nitrophenolate in the presence of N -iodosuccinimide and N -bromosuccinimide produced (2,6-dihalo-4-nitro)phenyl 2-halo-2-deoxy-α-D-glycopyranosides. Although bromination and iodination of the 4-nitrophenyl group could not be avoided, the resulting (2,6-dihalo-4-nitro)phenylated compounds can be used as substrates or covalent glycosidase inhibitors after deprotection. The stereoselectivity and regioselectivity of the halogenation reactions are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieri Inoue
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yumi Okamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Christopher J. Vavricka
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kiyota
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Minoru Izumi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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39
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Gutmann A, Lepak A, Diricks M, Desmet T, Nidetzky B. Glycosyltransferase cascades for natural product glycosylation: Use of plant instead of bacterial sucrose synthases improves the UDP-glucose recycling from sucrose and UDP. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28429856 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural product glycosylations by Leloir glycosyltransferases (GTs) require expensive nucleotide-activated sugars as substrates. Sucrose synthase (SuSy) converts sucrose and uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP) into UDP-glucose. Coupling of SuSy and GT reactions in one-pot cascade transformations creates a UDP cycle, which regenerates the UDP-glucose continuously and so makes it an expedient donor for glucoside production. Here we compare SuSys with divergent kinetic characteristics for UDP-glucose recycling in the synthesis of the natural C-glucoside nothofagin. Development of a fast reversed-phase ion-pairing HPLC method, quantifying all relevant reactants from the coupled conversion in a single run, was key to dissect the main factors of recycling efficiency. Limitations due to high KM , both for UDP and sucrose, were revealed for the bacterial SuSy from Acidithiobacillus caldus. The L637M-T640V double mutant of this SuSy with a 60-fold reduced KM for UDP substantially improved UDP-glucose recycling. The SuSy from Glycine max (soybean) was nevertheless the most active enzyme at the UDP (≤ 0.5 mM) and sucrose (≤ 1 M) concentrations used. It was also unexpectedly stable at up to 50°C where spontaneous decomposition of UDP-glucose started to become problematic. The herein gained in-depth understanding of requirements for UDP-glucose regeneration supports development of efficient GT-SuSy cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gutmann
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Lepak
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Margo Diricks
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
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40
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Biosynthesis of plant-derived ginsenoside Rh2 in yeast via repurposing a key promiscuous microbial enzyme. Metab Eng 2017; 42:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Klahn P, Brönstrup M. Bifunctional antimicrobial conjugates and hybrid antimicrobials. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:832-885. [PMID: 28530279 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00006e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2016Novel antimicrobial drugs are continuously needed to counteract bacterial resistance development. An innovative molecular design strategy for novel antibiotic drugs is based on the hybridization of an antibiotic with a second functional entity. Such conjugates can be grouped into two major categories. In the first category (antimicrobial hybrids), both functional elements of the hybrid exert antimicrobial activity. Due to the dual targeting, resistance development can be significantly impaired, the pharmacokinetic properties can be superior compared to combination therapies with the single antibiotics, and the antibacterial potency is often enhanced in a synergistic manner. In the second category (antimicrobial conjugates), one functional moiety controls the accumulation of the other part of the conjugate, e.g. by mediating an active transport into the bacterial cell or blocking the efflux. This approach is mostly applied to translocate compounds across the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria through membrane-embedded transporters (e.g. siderophore transporters) that provide nutrition and signalling compounds to the cell. Such 'Trojan Horse' approaches can expand the antibacterial activity of compounds against Gram-negative pathogens, or offer new options for natural products that could not be developed as standalone antibiotics, e.g. due to their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Klahn
- Department for Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany. and Institute for Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - M Brönstrup
- Department for Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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42
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Hughes RR, Shaaban KA, Zhang J, Cao H, Phillips GN, Thorson JS. OleD Loki as a Catalyst for Tertiary Amine and Hydroxamate Glycosylation. Chembiochem 2017; 18:363-367. [PMID: 28067448 PMCID: PMC5355705 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe the ability of an engineered glycosyltransferase (OleD Loki) to catalyze the N-glycosylation of tertiary-amine-containing drugs and trichostatin hydroxamate glycosyl ester formation. As such, this study highlights the first bacterial model catalyst for tertiary-amine N-glycosylation and further expands the substrate scope and synthetic potential of engineered OleDs. In addition, this work could open the door to the discovery of similar capabilities among other permissive bacterial glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Hughes
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Khaled A Shaaban
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Hongnan Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, P. O. Box 1892, MS 60, Houston, TX, 77251, USA
| | - George N Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, P. O. Box 1892, MS 60, Houston, TX, 77251, USA
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
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43
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Zhang J, Hughes RR, Saunders MA, Elshahawi SI, Ponomareva LV, Zhang Y, Winchester SR, Scott SA, Sunkara M, Morris AJ, Prendergast MA, Shaaban KA, Thorson JS. Identification of Neuroprotective Spoxazomicin and Oxachelin Glycosides via Chemoenzymatic Glycosyl-Scanning. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:12-18. [PMID: 28029796 PMCID: PMC5337260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of glycosyl-scanning to expand the molecular and functional diversity of metabolites from the underground coal mine fire-associated Streptomyces sp. RM-14-6 is reported. Using the engineered glycosyltransferase OleD Loki and a 2-chloro-4-nitrophenylglycoside-based screen, six metabolites were identified as substrates of OleD Loki, from which 12 corresponding metabolite glycosides were produced and characterized. This study highlights the first application of the 2-chloro-4-nitrophenylglycoside-based screen toward an unbiased set of unique microbial natural products and the first reported application of the 2-chloro-4-nitrophenylglycoside-based transglycosylation reaction for the corresponding preparative synthesis of target glycosides. Bioactivity analysis (including antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and EtOH damage neuroprotection assays) revealed glycosylation to attenuate the neuroprotective potency of 4, while glycosylation of the structurally related inactive spoxazomicin C (3) remarkably invoked neuroprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Ryan R. Hughes
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Meredith A. Saunders
- Department of Psychology and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Sherif I. Elshahawi
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Larissa V. Ponomareva
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Sydney R. Winchester
- Department of Psychology and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Samantha A. Scott
- Department of Psychology and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Manjula Sunkara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Mark A. Prendergast
- Department of Psychology and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Khaled A. Shaaban
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jon S. Thorson
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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44
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Kulmer ST, Gutmann A, Lemmerer M, Nidetzky B. Biocatalytic Cascade of Polyphosphate Kinase and Sucrose Synthase for Synthesis of Nucleotide-Activated Derivatives of Glucose. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra T. Kulmer
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Alexander Gutmann
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Martin Lemmerer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
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45
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Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are powerful tools for the synthesis of complex and biologically-important carbohydrates. Wild-type GTs may not have all the properties and functions that are desired for large-scale production of carbohydrates that exist in nature and those with non-natural modifications. With the increasing availability of crystal structures of GTs, especially those in the presence of donor and acceptor analogues, crystal structure-guided rational design has been quite successful in obtaining mutants with desired functionalities. With current limited understanding of the structure-activity relationship of GTs, directed evolution continues to be a useful approach for generating additional mutants with functionality that can be screened for in a high-throughput format. Mutating the amino acid residues constituting or close to the substrate-binding sites of GTs by structure-guided directed evolution (SGDE) further explores the biotechnological potential of GTs that can only be realized through enzyme engineering. This mini-review discusses the progress made towards GT engineering and the lessons learned for future engineering efforts and assay development.
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46
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Gutmann A, Nidetzky B. Unlocking the Potential of Leloir Glycosyltransferases for Applied Biocatalysis: Efficient Synthesis of Uridine 5′-Diphosphate-Glucose by Sucrose Synthase. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gutmann
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
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47
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Striegler S, Fan QH, Rath NP. Binuclear copper(II) complexes discriminating epimeric glycosides and α- and β-glycosidic bonds in aqueous solution. J Catal 2016; 338:349-364. [PMID: 27667854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two chiral binuclear copper(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized for the first time as efficient chemoselective catalysts for the hydrolysis of aryl glycosides and disaccharides in aqueous solution at near neutral pH. Under these conditions, discrimination of epimeric aryl α-glycopyranosides was observed both by 29-fold different reaction rates and 3-fold different proficiency of the catalyst. Additionally, large differentiation of the nature of α- and β- glycosidic bond in aryl glycosides as model compounds is apparent, but also noted in selected disaccharides. The influence of the chirality of the complexes and the role of the configuration of the carbohydrate upon interaction with the catalyst is discussed in detail. Lastly, a putative mechanism for the metal complex-catalyzed hydrolysis is derived from the experimental evidence pointing at deprotonation of the hydroxyl group at C-2 as a pre-requisite for glycoside hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Striegler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, 345 N Campus Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Qiu-Hua Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, 345 N Campus Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Nigam P Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Nanoscience, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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48
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Huber TD, Wang F, Singh S, Johnson BR, Zhang J, Sunkara M, Van Lanen SG, Morris AJ, Phillips GN, Thorson JS. Functional AdoMet Isosteres Resistant to Classical AdoMet Degradation Pathways. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2484-91. [PMID: 27351335 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) is an essential enzyme cosubstrate in fundamental biology with an expanding range of biocatalytic and therapeutic applications. We report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of stable, functional AdoMet isosteres that are resistant to the primary contributors to AdoMet degradation (depurination, intramolecular cyclization, and sulfonium epimerization). Corresponding biochemical and structural studies demonstrate the AdoMet surrogates to serve as competent enzyme cosubstrates and to bind a prototypical class I model methyltransferase (DnrK) in a manner nearly identical to AdoMet. Given this conservation in function and molecular recognition, the isosteres presented are anticipated to serve as useful surrogates in other AdoMet-dependent processes and may also be resistant to, and/or potentially even inhibit, other therapeutically relevant AdoMet-dependent metabolic transformations (such as the validated drug target AdoMet decarboxylase). This work also highlights the ability of the prototypical class I model methyltransferase DnrK to accept non-native surrogate acceptors as an enabling feature of a new high-throughput methyltransferase assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D. Huber
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Fengbin Wang
- Department
of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, United States
| | - Shanteri Singh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Brooke R. Johnson
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Manjula Sunkara
- Division
of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, 1000 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Steven G. Van Lanen
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Division
of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, 1000 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - George N. Phillips
- Department
of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, Space Science 201, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, United States
| | - Jon S. Thorson
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
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49
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Lee AA, Chen YCS, Ekalestari E, Ho SY, Hsu NS, Kuo TF, Wang TSA. Facile and Versatile Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Enterobactin Analogues and Applications in Bacterial Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert A. Lee
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan) (R.O.C
| | - Yi-Chen S. Chen
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan) (R.O.C
| | - Elisa Ekalestari
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Sheng-Yang Ho
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan) (R.O.C
| | - Nai-Shu Hsu
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan) (R.O.C
| | - Tang-Feng Kuo
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan) (R.O.C
| | - Tsung-Shing Andrew Wang
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan) (R.O.C
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50
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Lee AA, Chen YCS, Ekalestari E, Ho SY, Hsu NS, Kuo TF, Wang TSA. Facile and Versatile Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Enterobactin Analogues and Applications in Bacterial Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12338-42. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert A. Lee
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan) (R.O.C
| | - Yi-Chen S. Chen
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan) (R.O.C
| | - Elisa Ekalestari
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Sheng-Yang Ho
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan) (R.O.C
| | - Nai-Shu Hsu
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan) (R.O.C
| | - Tang-Feng Kuo
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan) (R.O.C
| | - Tsung-Shing Andrew Wang
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan) (R.O.C
| |
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