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Liang M, Gao Y, Shen Y, Zhang X, Gu J, Ji G. Serum metabolism distribution in individuals exposed to dioxins: A case study of residents near the municipal solid waste incinerators in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174431. [PMID: 38960151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and high toxicity. This study aimed to investigate changes in serum metabolites following exposure to PCDD/Fs and to reveal a novel pathogenesis of PCDD/Fs. Serum samples were collected from 75 residents living near a municipal solid waste incinerator in China to analyse the relationship between PCDD/Fs and serum metabolic components. The serum level in the low-exposure group [19.07 (13.44-23.89) pg-TEQ/L] was significantly lower than that in the high-exposure group [115.60 (52.28-592.65) pg-TEQ/L]. Non-targeted metabolomic studies based on liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry have been applied to the metabolomic analysis of serum. Thirty-seven metabolites with significant differences among the different groups were identified as biomarkers. Pathway analysis revealed that high dioxin exposure perturbed various biological processes, including glycerol phospholipid metabolism and the interconversion of pentose and glucuronate. The results of a population health survey showed that the serum dioxin concentration in patients with diabetes was significantly higher than that in the control population. These findings suggest that dioxin exposure is associated with several potential adverse health risks, including inflammation, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, through metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Liang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yuanyun Gao
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yuehong Shen
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Guixiang Ji
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
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2
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Marglous S, Brown CE, Padler-Karavani V, Cummings RD, Gildersleeve JC. Serum antibody screening using glycan arrays. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2603-2642. [PMID: 38305761 PMCID: PMC7616341 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00693j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Humans and other animals produce a diverse collection of antibodies, many of which bind to carbohydrate chains, referred to as glycans. These anti-glycan antibodies are a critical part of our immune systems' defenses. Whether induced by vaccination or natural exposure to a pathogen, anti-glycan antibodies can provide protection against infections and cancers. Alternatively, when an immune response goes awry, antibodies that recognize self-glycans can mediate autoimmune diseases. In any case, serum anti-glycan antibodies provide a rich source of information about a patient's overall health, vaccination history, and disease status. Glycan microarrays provide a high-throughput platform to rapidly interrogate serum anti-glycan antibodies and identify new biomarkers for a variety of conditions. In addition, glycan microarrays enable detailed analysis of the immune system's response to vaccines and other treatments. Herein we review applications of glycan microarray technology for serum anti-glycan antibody profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Marglous
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Claire E Brown
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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3
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Du Y, Hu Z, Luo Y, Wang HY, Yu X, Wang RF. Function and regulation of cGAS-STING signaling in infectious diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1130423. [PMID: 36825026 PMCID: PMC9941744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacious detection of pathogens and prompt induction of innate immune signaling serve as a crucial component of immune defense against infectious pathogens. Over the past decade, DNA-sensing receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and its downstream signaling adaptor stimulator of interferon genes (STING) have emerged as key mediators of type I interferon (IFN) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) responses in health and infection diseases. Moreover, both cGAS-STING pathway and pathogens have developed delicate strategies to resist each other for their survival. The mechanistic and functional comprehension of the interplay between cGAS-STING pathway and pathogens is opening the way for the development and application of pharmacological agonists and antagonists in the treatment of infectious diseases. Here, we briefly review the current knowledge of DNA sensing through the cGAS-STING pathway, and emphatically highlight the potent undertaking of cGAS-STING signaling pathway in the host against infectious pathogenic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- Department of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yien Luo
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Helen Y. Wang
- Department of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Department of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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4
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Caravello G, Franchet A, Niehus S, Ferrandon D. Phagocytosis Is the Sole Arm of Drosophila melanogaster Known Host Defenses That Provides Some Protection Against Microsporidia Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:858360. [PMID: 35493511 PMCID: PMC9043853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites able to infest specifically a large range of species, including insects. The knowledge about the biology of microsporidial infections remains confined to mostly descriptive studies, including molecular approaches such as transcriptomics or proteomics. Thus, functional data to understand insect host defenses are currently lacking. Here, we have undertaken a genetic analysis of known host defenses of the Drosophila melanogaster using an infection model whereby Tubulinosema ratisbonensis spores are directly injected in this insect. We find that phagocytosis does confer some protection in this infection model. In contrast, the systemic immune response, extracellular reactive oxygen species, thioester proteins, xenophagy, and intracellular antiviral response pathways do not appear to be involved in the resistance against this parasite. Unexpectedly, several genes such as PGRP-LE seem to promote this infection. The prophenol oxidases that mediate melanization have different functions; PPO1 presents a phenotype similar to that of PGRP-LE whereas that of PPO2 suggests a function in the resilience to infection. Similarly, eiger and Unpaired3, which encode two cytokines secreted by hemocytes display a resilience phenotype with a strong susceptibility to T. ratisbonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dominique Ferrandon
- UPR9022, University of Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IBMC), Modèles Insectes D’Immunité Innée (M3I) Unité Propre Recherche (UPR) 9022 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
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Hanna CC, Kriegesmann J, Dowman LJ, Becker CFW, Payne RJ. Chemische Synthese und Semisynthese von lipidierten Proteinen. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202111266. [PMID: 38504765 PMCID: PMC10947004 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLipidierung ist eine ubiquitäre Modifikation von Peptiden und Proteinen, die entweder co‐ oder posttranslational auftreten kann. Für die Vielzahl von Lipidklassen wurde gezeigt, dass diese viele entscheidende biologische Aktivitäten, z. B. die Regulierung der Signalweiterleitung, Zell‐Zell‐Adhäsion sowie die Anlagerung von Proteinen an Lipid‐Rafts und Phospholipidmembranen, beeinflussen. Während die Natur Enzyme nutzt, um Lipidmodifikationen in Proteine einzubringen, ist ihre Nutzung für die chemoenzymatische Herstellung von lipidierten Proteinen häufig ineffizient. Eine Alternative ist die Kombination moderner synthetischer und semisynthetischer Techniken, um lipidierte Proteine in reiner und homogen modifizierter Form zu erhalten. Dieser Aufsatz erörtert Fortschritte in der Entwicklung der Lipidierungs‐ und Ligationschemie und deren Anwendung in der Synthese und Semisynthese homogen lipidierter Proteine, die es ermöglichen, den Einfluss dieser Modifikationen auf die Proteinstruktur und ‐funktion zu untersuchen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron C. Hanna
- School of ChemistryThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australien
| | - Julia Kriegesmann
- Institut für Biologische ChemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität WienWienÖsterreich
| | - Luke J. Dowman
- School of ChemistryThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australien
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australien
| | | | - Richard J. Payne
- School of ChemistryThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australien
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australien
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6
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Hanna C, Kriegesmann J, Dowman L, Becker C, Payne RJ. Chemical Synthesis and Semisynthesis of Lipidated Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202111266. [PMID: 34611966 PMCID: PMC9303669 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipidation is a ubiquitous modification of peptides and proteins that can occur either co‐ or post‐translationally. An array of different lipid classes can adorn proteins and has been shown to influence a number of crucial biological activities, including the regulation of signaling, cell–cell adhesion events, and the anchoring of proteins to lipid rafts and phospholipid membranes. Whereas nature employs a range of enzymes to install lipid modifications onto proteins, the use of these for the chemoenzymatic generation of lipidated proteins is often inefficient or impractical. An alternative is to harness the power of modern synthetic and semisynthetic technologies to access lipid‐modified proteins in a pure and homogeneously modified form. This Review aims to highlight significant advances in the development of lipidation and ligation chemistry and their implementation in the synthesis and semisynthesis of homogeneous lipidated proteins that have enabled the influence of these modifications on protein structure and function to be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Hanna
- The University of Sydney, Chemistry, 2006, Sydney, AUSTRALIA
| | - Julia Kriegesmann
- University of Vienna: Universitat Wien, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Vienna, AUSTRIA
| | - Luke Dowman
- The University of Sydney, School of Chemistry, 2006, Sydney, AUSTRALIA
| | - Christian Becker
- University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry: Universitat Wien Fakultat fur Chemie, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Vienna, AUSTRIA
| | - Richard James Payne
- The University of Sydney, School of Chemistry, Eastern Avenue, 2006, Sydney, AUSTRALIA
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7
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Abstract
Carbohydrates are the most abundant and one of the most important biomacromolecules in Nature. Except for energy-related compounds, carbohydrates can be roughly divided into two categories: Carbohydrates as matter and carbohydrates as information. As matter, carbohydrates are abundantly present in the extracellular matrix of animals and cell walls of various plants, bacteria, fungi, etc., serving as scaffolds. Some commonly found polysaccharides are featured as biocompatible materials with controllable rigidity and functionality, forming polymeric biomaterials which are widely used in drug delivery, tissue engineering, etc. As information, carbohydrates are usually referred to the glycans from glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans, which bind to proteins or other carbohydrates, thereby meditating the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. These glycans could be simplified as synthetic glycopolymers, glycolipids, and glycoproteins, which could be afforded through polymerization, multistep synthesis, or a semisynthetic strategy. The information role of carbohydrates can be demonstrated not only as targeting reagents but also as immune antigens and adjuvants. The latter are also included in this review as they are always in a macromolecular formulation. In this review, we intend to provide a relatively comprehensive summary of carbohydrate-based macromolecular biomaterials since 2010 while emphasizing the fundamental understanding to guide the rational design of biomaterials. Carbohydrate-based macromolecules on the basis of their resources and chemical structures will be discussed, including naturally occurring polysaccharides, naturally derived synthetic polysaccharides, glycopolymers/glycodendrimers, supramolecular glycopolymers, and synthetic glycolipids/glycoproteins. Multiscale structure-function relationships in several major application areas, including delivery systems, tissue engineering, and immunology, will be detailed. We hope this review will provide valuable information for the development of carbohydrate-based macromolecular biomaterials and build a bridge between the carbohydrates as matter and the carbohydrates as information to promote new biomaterial design in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Yingle Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Kongchang Wei
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Department of Materials meet Life, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Xuyang Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rongying Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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8
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Goerdeler F, Seeberger PH, Moscovitz O. Unveiling the Sugary Secrets of Plasmodium Parasites. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:712538. [PMID: 34335547 PMCID: PMC8322443 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.712538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium parasites cause malaria disease, one of the leading global health burdens for humanity, infecting hundreds of millions of people each year. Different glycans on the parasite and the host cell surface play significant roles in both malaria pathogenesis and host defense mechanisms. So far, only small, truncated N- and O-glycans have been identified in Plasmodium species. In contrast, complex glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycolipids are highly abundant on the parasite’s cell membrane and are essential for its survival. Moreover, the parasites express lectins that bind and exploit the host cell surface glycans for different aspects of the parasite life cycle, such as adherence, invasion, and evasion of the host immune system. In parallel, the host cell glycocalyx and lectin expression serve as the first line of defense against Plasmodium parasites and directly dictate susceptibility to Plasmodium infection. This review provides an overview of the glycobiology involved in Plasmodium-host interactions and its contribution to malaria pathogenesis. Recent findings are presented and evaluated in the context of potential therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Goerdeler
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oren Moscovitz
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
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9
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Yang L, Pijuan-Galito S, Rho HS, Vasilevich AS, Eren AD, Ge L, Habibović P, Alexander MR, de Boer J, Carlier A, van Rijn P, Zhou Q. High-Throughput Methods in the Discovery and Study of Biomaterials and Materiobiology. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4561-4677. [PMID: 33705116 PMCID: PMC8154331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complex interaction of cells with biomaterials (i.e., materiobiology) plays an increasingly pivotal role in the development of novel implants, biomedical devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds to treat diseases, aid in the restoration of bodily functions, construct healthy tissues, or regenerate diseased ones. However, the conventional approaches are incapable of screening the huge amount of potential material parameter combinations to identify the optimal cell responses and involve a combination of serendipity and many series of trial-and-error experiments. For advanced tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, highly efficient and complex bioanalysis platforms are expected to explore the complex interaction of cells with biomaterials using combinatorial approaches that offer desired complex microenvironments during healing, development, and homeostasis. In this review, we first introduce materiobiology and its high-throughput screening (HTS). Then we present an in-depth of the recent progress of 2D/3D HTS platforms (i.e., gradient and microarray) in the principle, preparation, screening for materiobiology, and combination with other advanced technologies. The Compendium for Biomaterial Transcriptomics and high content imaging, computational simulations, and their translation toward commercial and clinical uses are highlighted. In the final section, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed. High-throughput experimentation within the field of materiobiology enables the elucidation of the relationships between biomaterial properties and biological behavior and thereby serves as a potential tool for accelerating the development of high-performance biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yang
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Pijuan-Galito
- School
of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Hoon Suk Rho
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksei S. Vasilevich
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aysegul Dede Eren
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Ge
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- School
of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department
of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Institute
for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated
Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
University, Qingdao 266003, China
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10
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Seeberger PH. Discovery of Semi- and Fully-Synthetic Carbohydrate Vaccines Against Bacterial Infections Using a Medicinal Chemistry Approach. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3598-3626. [PMID: 33794090 PMCID: PMC8154330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The glycocalyx, a thick layer of carbohydrates, surrounds the cell wall of most bacterial and parasitic pathogens. Recognition of these unique glycans by the human immune system results in destruction of the invaders. To elicit a protective immune response, polysaccharides either isolated from the bacterial cell surface or conjugated with a carrier protein, for T-cell help, are administered. Conjugate vaccines based on isolated carbohydrates currently protect millions of people against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Neisseria meningitides infections. Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are increasingly discovered by medicinal chemistry and synthetic in origin, rather than isolated from natural sources. Converting vaccines from biologicals to pharmaceuticals requires a fundamental understanding of how the human immune system recognizes carbohydrates and could now be realized. To illustrate the chemistry-based approach to vaccine discovery, I summarize efforts focusing on synthetic glycan-based medicinal chemistry to understand the mammalian antiglycan immune response and define glycan epitopes for novel synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Clostridium difficile, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and other bacteria. The chemical tools described here help us gain fundamental insights into how the human system recognizes carbohydrates and drive the discovery of carbohydrate vaccines.
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11
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Mende M, Bordoni V, Tsouka A, Loeffler FF, Delbianco M, Seeberger PH. Multivalent glycan arrays. Faraday Discuss 2020; 219:9-32. [PMID: 31298252 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycan microarrays have become a powerful technology to study biological processes, such as cell-cell interaction, inflammation, and infections. Yet, several challenges, especially in multivalent display, remain. In this introductory lecture we discuss the state-of-the-art glycan microarray technology, with emphasis on novel approaches to access collections of pure glycans and their immobilization on surfaces. Future directions to mimic the natural glycan presentation on an array format, as well as in situ generation of combinatorial glycan collections, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mende
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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12
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Malik A, Steinbeis F, Carillo MA, Seeberger PH, Lepenies B, Varón Silva D. Immunological Evaluation of Synthetic Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Glycoconjugates as Vaccine Candidates against Malaria. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:171-178. [PMID: 31573796 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are complex glycolipids present on the surfaces of Plasmodium parasites that may act as toxins during the progression of malaria. GPIs can activate the immune system during infection and induce the formation of anti-GPI antibodies that neutralize their activity. Therefore, an antitoxic vaccine based on GPI glycoconjugates may prevent malaria pathogenesis. To evaluate the role of three key modifications on Plasmodium GPI glycan in the activity of these glycolipids, we synthesized and investigated six structurally distinct GPI fragments from Plasmodium falciparum. The synthetic glycans were conjugated to the CRM197 carrier protein and were tested for immunogenicity and efficacy as antimalarial vaccine candidates in an experimental cerebral malaria model using C57BL/6JRj mice. Protection may be dependent on both the antibody and the cellular immune response to GPIs, and the elicited immune response depends on the orientation of the glycan, the number of mannoses in the structure, and the presence of the phosphoethanolamine and inositol units. This study provides insights into the epitopes in GPIs and contributes to the development of GPI-based antitoxin vaccine candidates against cerebral malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Malik
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fridolin Steinbeis
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maria Antonietta Carillo
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Varón Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Martinez JER, Thomas B, Flitsch SL. Glycan Array Technology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 175:435-456. [PMID: 31907566 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycan (or carbohydrate) arrays have become an essential tool in glycomics, providing fast and high-throughput data on protein-carbohydrate interactions with small amounts of carbohydrate ligands. The general concepts of glycan arrays have been adopted from other microarray technologies such as those used for nucleic acid and proteins. However, carbohydrates have presented their own challenges, in particular in terms of access to glycan probes, linker attachment chemistries and analysis, which will be reviewed in this chapter. As more and more glycan probes have become available through chemical and enzymatic synthesis and robust linker chemistries have been developed, the applications of glycan arrays have dramatically increased over the past 10 years, which will be illustrated with recent examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baptiste Thomas
- School of Chemistry and MIB, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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14
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Abstract
Carbohydrates or glycans and their conjugates are involved in a wide range of biological processes and play an important role in various diseases, including inflammation, viral and bacterial infections, and tumor progression and metastasis. Studying the biological significances of carbohydrates has been challenging due in part to their structural diversity and the limited access to complex carbohydrate-containing molecules. Conventional methods such as isothermal titration calorimetry and enzyme-linked lectin assay can be laborious and require significant amounts of time and materials. The emerging of glycan microarrays as high-throughput technology for studying carbohydrate interactions has overcome some of these challenges, and has greatly contributed to our understanding of the biological roles of carbohydrates and their glycoconjugates. In addition, glycan microarrays offer new applications in biomedical research, drug discovery and development. This chapter will focus on the biomedical applications of glycan microarrays and their potential role in drug discovery and development.
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15
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Garg M, Stern D, Groß U, Seeberger PH, Seeber F, Varón Silva D. Detection of Anti- Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Human Sera Using Synthetic Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Glycans on a Bead-Based Multiplex Assay. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11215-11222. [PMID: 31401830 PMCID: PMC6748559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, while often an asymptomatic parasitic disease in healthy individuals, can cause severe complications in immunocompromised persons and during pregnancy. The most common method to diagnose Toxoplasma gondii infections is the serological determination of antibodies directed against parasite protein antigens. Here we report the use of a bead-based multiplex assay containing a synthetic phosphoglycan portion of the Toxoplasma gondii glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI1) for the detection of GPI1-specific antibodies in human sera. The glycan was conjugated to beads at the lipid site to retain its natural orientation and its immunogenic groups. We compared the response against GPI1 with that against the protein antigen SAG1, a common component of commercial serological assays, via the detection of parasite-specific human IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. The GPI1-based test is in excellent agreement with the results for the commercial ELISA, as the ROC analysis of the GPI1 test shows 97% specificity and 98% sensitivity for the assay. GPI1 was a more reliable predictor for a parasite-specific IgM response compared to SAG1, indicating that a bead-based multiplex assay using GPI1 in combination with SAG1 may strengthen Toxoplasma gondii serology, in particular in seroepidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Garg
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14424 Potsdam , Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Uwe Groß
- German Consulting Laboratory for Toxoplasma, Institute for Medical Microbiology , University Medical Center Göttingen , 37075 Goettingen , Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14424 Potsdam , Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Daniel Varón Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14424 Potsdam , Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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16
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Abstract
The intrinsic complexity of carbohydrate structures has hampered access to pure glycans and hence impeded progress in the glycosciences. Automated Glycan Assembly (AGA) has facilitated the procurement of synthetic glycans, to be used in diagnostics, vaccine development, enzyme characterization and structure-function relationship studies. A general approach for obtaining complex glycans from mammalian, bacterial, fungal and plant classes provides molecular tools for glycobiology research. Recent advances in AGA technology pave the way for the production of novel carbohydrate materials. This perspective describes the state-of-the art of AGA and aspects of the technology where additional improvements are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Guberman
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimalle 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany
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17
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Geissner A, Reinhardt A, Rademacher C, Johannssen T, Monteiro J, Lepenies B, Thépaut M, Fieschi F, Mrázková J, Wimmerova M, Schuhmacher F, Götze S, Grünstein D, Guo X, Hahm HS, Kandasamy J, Leonori D, Martin CE, Parameswarappa SG, Pasari S, Schlegel MK, Tanaka H, Xiao G, Yang Y, Pereira CL, Anish C, Seeberger PH. Microbe-focused glycan array screening platform. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:1958-1967. [PMID: 30670663 PMCID: PMC6369816 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800853116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between glycans and glycan binding proteins are essential for numerous processes in all kingdoms of life. Glycan microarrays are an excellent tool to examine protein-glycan interactions. Here, we present a microbe-focused glycan microarray platform based on oligosaccharides obtained by chemical synthesis. Glycans were generated by combining different carbohydrate synthesis approaches including automated glycan assembly, solution-phase synthesis, and chemoenzymatic methods. The current library of more than 300 glycans is as diverse as the mammalian glycan array from the Consortium for Functional Glycomics and, due to its microbial focus, highly complementary. This glycan platform is essential for the characterization of various classes of glycan binding proteins. Applications of this glycan array platform are highlighted by the characterization of innate immune receptors and bacterial virulence factors as well as the analysis of human humoral immunity to pathogenic glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Geissner
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Reinhardt
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Johannssen
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - João Monteiro
- Immunology Unit and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Immunology Unit and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michel Thépaut
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Jana Mrázková
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Wimmerova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frank Schuhmacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Götze
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Grünstein
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaoqiang Guo
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heung Sik Hahm
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeyakumar Kandasamy
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christopher E Martin
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sandip Pasari
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mark K Schlegel
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hidenori Tanaka
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - You Yang
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claney L Pereira
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chakkumkal Anish
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany;
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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18
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In-depth analysis of the genome of Trypanosoma evansi, an etiologic agent of surra. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:406-419. [PMID: 30685829 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma evansi is the causative agent of the animal trypanosomiasis surra, a disease with serious economic burden worldwide. The availability of the genome of its closely related parasite Trypanosoma brucei allows us to compare their genetic and evolutionarily shared and distinct biological features. The complete genomic sequence of the T. evansi YNB strain was obtained using a combination of genomic and transcriptomic sequencing, de novo assembly, and bioinformatic analysis. The genome size of the T. evansi YNB strain was 35.2 Mb, showing 96.59% similarity in sequence and 88.97% in scaffold alignment with T. brucei. A total of 8,617 protein-coding genes, accounting for 31% of the genome, were predicted. Approximately 1,641 alternative splicing events of 820 genes were identified, with a majority mediated by intron retention, which represented a major difference in post-transcriptional regulation between T. evansi and T. brucei. Disparities in gene copy number of the variant surface glycoprotein, expression site-associated genes, microRNAs, and RNA-binding protein were clearly observed between the two parasites. The results revealed the genomic determinants of T. evansi, which encoded specific biological characteristics that distinguished them from other related trypanosome species.
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19
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Zhou S, Metcalf KJ, Bugga P, Grant J, Mrksich M. Photoactivatable Reaction for Covalent Nanoscale Patterning of Multiple Proteins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:40452-40459. [PMID: 30379516 PMCID: PMC6640637 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a photochemical approach for independently patterning multiple proteins to an inert substrate, particularly for studies of cell adhesion. A photoactivatable chloropyrimidine ligand was employed for covalent immobilization of SnapTag fusion proteins on self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold. A two-step procedure was used: first, patterned UV illumination of the surface activated protein capture ligands, and second, incubation with a SnapTag fusion protein bound to the surface in illuminated regions. Two different fluorescent proteins were patterned in registry with features of 400 nm in size over a 1 mm2 area. An example is given wherein an anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) scFv antibody was patterned to direct the selective attachment of a human cancer cell line that express the CEA antigen. This method enables the preparation of surfaces with control over the density and activity of independently patterned proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwang Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine,
State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United
States
| | - Kevin J. Metcalf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United
States
| | - Pradeep Bugga
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern
University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jennifer Grant
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern
University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine,
State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United
States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern
University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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20
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Grube M, Lee BY, Garg M, Michel D, Vilotijević I, Malik A, Seeberger PH, Varón Silva D. Synthesis of Galactosylated Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Derivatives from Trypanosoma brucei. Chemistry 2018; 24:3271-3282. [PMID: 29314341 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei uses variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs) to evade the host immune system and ensure parasitic longevity in animals and humans. VSGs are attached to the cell membrane by complex glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors (GPI). Distinguishing structural feature of VSG GPIs are multiple α- and β-galactosides attached to the conserved GPI core structure. T. brucei GPIs have been associated with macrophage activation and alleviation of parasitemia during infection, acting as disease onset delaying antigens. Literature reports that link structural modifications in the GPIs to changes in biological activity are contradictory. We have established a synthetic route to prepare structurally overlapping GPI derivatives bearing different T. brucei characteristic structural modifications. The GPI collection will be used to assess the effect of galactosylation and phosphorylation on T. brucei GPI immunomodulatory activity, and to perform an epitope mapping of this complex glycolipid as potential diagnostic marker for Trypanosomiasis. A strategy for the synthesis of a complete α-tetragalactoside using the 2-naphthylmethyl protecting group and for subsequent attachment of GPI fragments to peptides is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Grube
- Biomolecular Systems Department, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Current address: Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23A, 17121, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo-Young Lee
- Biomolecular Systems Department, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Monika Garg
- Biomolecular Systems Department, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dana Michel
- Biomolecular Systems Department, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivan Vilotijević
- Biomolecular Systems Department, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Current address: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, Office 310A, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ankita Malik
- Biomolecular Systems Department, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Biomolecular Systems Department, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Varón Silva
- Biomolecular Systems Department, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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21
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França CT, Li Wai Suen CSN, Carmagnac A, Lin E, Kiniboro B, Siba P, Schofield L, Mueller I. IgG antibodies to synthetic GPI are biomarkers of immune-status to both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria in young children. Malar J 2017; 16:386. [PMID: 28946883 PMCID: PMC5613389 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-2042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Further reduction in malaria prevalence and its eventual elimination would be greatly facilitated by the development of biomarkers of exposure and/or acquired immunity to malaria, as well as the deployment of effective vaccines against Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. A better understanding of the acquisition of immunity in naturally-exposed populations is essential for the identification of antigens useful as biomarkers, as well as to inform rational vaccine development. Methods ELISA was used to measure total IgG to a synthetic form of glycosylphosphatidylinositol from P. falciparum (PfGPI) in a cohort of 1–3 years old Papua New Guinea children with well-characterized individual differences in exposure to P. falciparum and P. vivax blood-stage infections. The relationship between IgG levels to PfGPI and measures of recent and past exposure to P. falciparum and P. vivax infections was investigated, as well as the association between antibody levels and prospective risk of clinical malaria over 16 months of follow-up. Results Total IgG levels to PfGPI were low in the young children tested. Antibody levels were higher in the presence of P. falciparum or P. vivax infections, but short-lived. High IgG levels were associated with higher risk of P. falciparum malaria (IRR 1.33–1.66, P = 0.008–0.027), suggesting that they are biomarkers of increased exposure to P. falciparum infections. Given the cross-reactive nature of antibodies to PfGPI, high IgG levels were also associated with reduced risk of P. vivax malaria (IRR 0.65–0.67, P = 0.039–0.044), indicating that these antibodies are also markers of acquired immunity to P. vivax. Conclusions This study highlights that in young children, IgG to PfGPI might be a useful marker of immune-status to both P. falciparum and P. vivax infections, and potentially useful to help malaria control programs to identify populations at-risk. Further functional studies are necessary to confirm the potential of PfGPI as a target for vaccine development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-017-2042-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila T França
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Connie S N Li Wai Suen
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amandine Carmagnac
- Infection and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Enmoore Lin
- Malaria Immuno-Epidemiology Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea
| | - Benson Kiniboro
- Malaria Immuno-Epidemiology Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea
| | - Peter Siba
- Malaria Immuno-Epidemiology Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea
| | - Louis Schofield
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Malaria Parasites & Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites & Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGLOBAL), Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Broecker F, Seeberger PH. Identification and Design of Synthetic B Cell Epitopes for Carbohydrate-Based Vaccines. Methods Enzymol 2017; 597:311-334. [PMID: 28935109 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic oligosaccharide-based vaccines are promising alternatives to conventional antibacterial carbohydrate vaccines prepared with isolated polysaccharides. Unlike polysaccharides, synthetic glycans are well defined, contaminant-free, and accessible even for pathogens that cannot be fermented or show limited carbohydrate biosynthesis in vitro. However, identifying synthetic glycan B cell epitopes that induce protective immunity has traditionally been a time-consuming trial-and-error process, as predicting the immunogenicity of an oligosaccharide by means of structure alone is not straightforward. We here describe how synthetic oligosaccharide epitopes for candidate vaccines can be rationally identified prior to preclinical immunogenicity studies. Epitopes are selected on the basis of their recognition by antibodies associated with protection from disease in humans or small animals. In addition, we show how murine antibody responses to a large oligosaccharide can inform the identification of a minimal B cell epitope that may help designing easy to synthesize vaccine candidates. The procedures, exemplified with a surface carbohydrate of Clostridium difficile, may serve as a guideline for selecting protective oligosaccharide epitopes for vaccines against infectious and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Broecker
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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23
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Jaurigue JA, Seeberger PH. Parasite Carbohydrate Vaccines. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:248. [PMID: 28660174 PMCID: PMC5467010 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an efficient means of combating infectious disease burden globally. However, routine vaccines for the world's major human parasitic diseases do not yet exist. Vaccines based on carbohydrate antigens are a viable option for parasite vaccine development, given the proven success of carbohydrate vaccines to combat bacterial infections. We will review the key components of carbohydrate vaccines that have remained largely consistent since their inception, and the success of bacterial carbohydrate vaccines. We will then explore the latest developments for both traditional and non-traditional carbohydrate vaccine approaches for three of the world's major protozoan parasitic diseases-malaria, toxoplasmosis, and leishmaniasis. The traditional prophylactic carbohydrate vaccine strategy is being explored for malaria. However, given that parasite disease biology is complex and often arises from host immune responses to parasite antigens, carbohydrate vaccines against deleterious immune responses in host-parasite interactions are also being explored. In particular, the highly abundant glycosylphosphatidylinositol molecules specific for Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and Leishmania spp. are considered exploitable antigens for this non-traditional vaccine approach. Discussion will revolve around the application of these protozoan carbohydrate antigens for vaccines currently in preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonnel A. Jaurigue
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdam, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdam, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
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24
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Dunst J, Azzouz N, Liu X, Tsukita S, Seeberger PH, Kamena F. Interaction between Plasmodium Glycosylphosphatidylinositol and the Host Protein Moesin Has No Implication in Malaria Pathology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:183. [PMID: 28560184 PMCID: PMC5432536 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor of Plasmodium falciparum origin is considered an important toxin leading to severe malaria pathology through stimulation of pro-inflammatory responses from innate immune cells. Even though the GPI-induced immune response is widely described to be mediated by pattern recognition receptors such as TLR2 and TLR4, previous studies have revealed that these two receptors are dispensable for the development of severe malaria pathology. Therefore, this study aimed at the identification of potential alternative Plasmodium GPI receptors. Herein, we have identified the host protein moesin as an interaction partner of Plasmodium GPI in vitro. Given previous reports indicating the relevance of moesin especially in the LPS-mediated induction of pro-inflammatory responses, we have conducted a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments to address the physiological relevance of the moesin-Plasmodium GPI interaction in the context of malaria pathology. We report here that although moesin and Plasmodium GPI interact in vitro, moesin is not critically involved in processes leading to Plasmodium-induced pro-inflammatory immune responses or malaria-associated cerebral pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Dunst
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlin, Germany
| | - Nahid Azzouz
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and InterfacesPotsdam, Germany
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Department of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and InterfacesPotsdam, Germany
| | - Faustin Kamena
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlin, Germany
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Geissner A, Seeberger PH. Glycan Arrays: From Basic Biochemical Research to Bioanalytical and Biomedical Applications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:223-47. [PMID: 27306309 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A major branch of glycobiology and glycan-focused biomedicine studies the interaction between carbohydrates and other biopolymers, most importantly, glycan-binding proteins. Today, this research into glycan-biopolymer interaction is unthinkable without glycan arrays, tools that enable high-throughput analysis of carbohydrate interaction partners. Glycan arrays offer many applications in basic biochemical research, for example, defining the specificity of glycosyltransferases and lectins such as immune receptors. Biomedical applications include the characterization and surveillance of influenza strains, identification of biomarkers for cancer and infection, and profiling of immune responses to vaccines. Here, we review major applications of glycan arrays both in basic and applied research. Given the dynamic nature of this rapidly developing field, we focus on recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Geissner
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
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Banerjee N, Mukhopadhyay S. Viral glycoproteins: biological role and application in diagnosis. Virusdisease 2016; 27:1-11. [PMID: 26925438 PMCID: PMC4758313 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-015-0293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The viruses that infect humans cause a huge global disease burden and produce immense challenge towards healthcare system. Glycoproteins are one of the major components of human pathogenic viruses. They have been demonstrated to have important role(s) in infection and immunity. Concomitantly high titres of antibodies against these antigenic viral glycoproteins have paved the way for development of novel diagnostics. Availability of appropriate biomarkers is necessary for advance diagnosis of infectious diseases especially in case of outbreaks. As human mobilization has increased manifold nowadays, dissemination of infectious agents became quicker that paves the need of rapid diagnostic system. In case of viral infection it is an emergency as virus spreads and mutates very fast. This review encircles the vast arena of viral glycoproteins, their importance in health and disease and their diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilotpal Banerjee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R Avenue, Kolkata, 700073 India
| | - Sumi Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R Avenue, Kolkata, 700073 India
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Mejia P, Diez-Silva M, Kamena F, Lu F, Fernandes SM, Seeberger PH, Davis AE, Mitchell JR. Human C1-Inhibitor Suppresses Malaria Parasite Invasion and Cytoadhesion via Binding to Parasite Glycosylphosphatidylinositol and Host Cell Receptors. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:80-9. [PMID: 26347576 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum-induced severe malaria remains a continuing problem in areas of endemicity, with elevated morbidity and mortality. Drugs targeting mechanisms involved in severe malaria pathology, including cytoadhesion of infected red blood cells (RBCs) to host receptors and production of proinflammatory cytokines, are still necessary. Human C1-inhibitor (C1INH) is a multifunctional protease inhibitor that regulates coagulation, vascular permeability, and inflammation, with beneficial effects in inflammatory disease models, including septic shock. We found that human C1INH, at therapeutically relevant doses, blocks severe malaria pathogenic processes by 2 distinct mechanisms. First, C1INH bound to glycan moieties within P. falciparum glycosylphosphatidylinositol (PfGPI) molecules on the parasite surface, inhibiting parasite RBC invasion and proinflammatory cytokine production by parasite-stimulated monocytes in vitro and reducing parasitemia in a rodent model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) in vivo. Second, C1INH bound to host CD36 and chondroitin sulfate A molecules, interfering with cytoadhesion of infected RBCs by competitive binding to these receptors in vitro and reducing sequestration in specific tissues and protecting against ECM in vivo. This study reveals that C1INH is a potential therapeutic antimalarial molecule able to interfere with severe-disease etiology at multiple levels through specific interactions with both parasite PfGPIs and host cell receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mejia
- Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston
| | - Monica Diez-Silva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Faustin Kamena
- Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Fengxin Lu
- Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Germany
| | | | - James R Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston
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Fernández-Tejada A, Cañada FJ, Jiménez-Barbero J. Recent Developments in Synthetic Carbohydrate-Based Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Therapeutics. Chemistry 2015; 21:10616-28. [PMID: 26095198 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are everywhere in biological systems, being involved in many cellular events with important implications for medical purposes. Building upon a detailed understanding of the functional roles of carbohydrates in molecular recognition processes and disease states, glycans are increasingly being considered as key players in pharmacological research. On the basis of the important progress recently made in glycochemistry, glycobiology, and glycomedicine, we provide a complete overview of successful applications and future perspectives of carbohydrates in the biopharmaceutical and medical fields. This review highlights the development of carbohydrate-based diagnostics, exemplified by glycan imaging techniques and microarray platforms, synthetic oligosaccharide vaccines against infectious diseases (e.g., HIV) and cancer, and finally carbohydrate-derived therapeutics, including glycomimetic drugs and glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F Javier Cañada
- Chemical and Physical Biology, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid (Spain)
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Infectious Disease Programme, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC-bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio (Spain). .,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, María López de Haro 13, 48009 Bilbao (Spain).
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Anish C, Schumann B, Pereira CL, Seeberger PH. Chemical biology approaches to designing defined carbohydrate vaccines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:38-50. [PMID: 24439205 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate antigens have shown promise as important targets for developing effective vaccines and pathogen detection strategies. Modifying purified microbial glycans through synthetic routes or completely synthesizing antigenic motifs are attractive options to advance carbohydrate vaccine development. However, limited knowledge on structure-property correlates hampers the discovery of immunoprotective carbohydrate epitopes. Recent advancements in tools for glycan modification, high-throughput screening of biological samples, and 3D structural analysis may facilitate antigen discovery process. This review focuses on advances that accelerate carbohydrate-based vaccine development and various technologies that are driving these efforts. Herein we provide a critical overview of approaches and resources available for rational design of better carbohydrate antigens. Structurally defined and fully synthetic oligosaccharides, designed based on molecular understanding of antigen-antibody interactions, offer a promising alternative for developing future carbohydrate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakkumkal Anish
- Department for Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Schumann
- Department for Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claney Lebev Pereira
- Department for Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department for Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Götze S, Azzouz N, Tsai YH, Groß U, Reinhardt A, Anish C, Seeberger PH, Varón Silva D. Toxoplasmose-Diagnose mithilfe eines synthetisch hergestellten Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Glycans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Götze S, Azzouz N, Tsai YH, Groß U, Reinhardt A, Anish C, Seeberger PH, Varón Silva D. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis using a synthetic glycosylphosphatidylinositol glycan. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13701-5. [PMID: 25323101 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Around 2 billion people worldwide are infected with the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii which induces a variety of medical conditions. For example, primary infection during pregnancy can result in fetal death or mental retardation of the child. Diagnosis of acute infections in pregnant women is challenging but crucially important as the drugs used to treat T. gondii infections are potentially harmful to the unborn child. Better, faster, more reliable, and cheaper means of diagnosis by using defined antigens for accurate serological tests are highly desirable. Synthetic pathogen-specific glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycan antigens are diagnostic markers and have been used to distinguish between toxoplasmosis disease states using human sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Götze
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam (Germany); Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
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Bhatia S, Dimde M, Haag R. Multivalent glycoconjugates as vaccines and potential drug candidates. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Stefaniu C, Vilotijevic I, Santer M, Brezesinski G, Seeberger PH, Varón Silva D. Versatility of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol fragment in forming highly ordered polymorphs. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:5185-92. [PMID: 24725055 DOI: 10.1021/la500482s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are often attributed with the ability to associate with the organized membrane microdomains. GPI fragment 1 forms a highly ordered subgel-phase structure characterized by ordering of both headgroups and alkyl chains in thin layers. While investigating the driving forces behind the formation of these ordered monolayers, we have studied polymorphism of 1 under different conditions employing surface-sensitive X-ray diffraction methods. Three distinct polymorphs of 1 (I, II, and III) were identified and characterized by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. Polymorphs II (a condensed monolayer structure) and III (highly ordered subgel phase) coexist on an 8 M urea solution subphase allowing for a detailed thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of the processes leading to the formation of these polymorphs. They are enantiotropic and can be directly interconverted by changes in temperature or lateral surface pressure. As a consequence, polymorph III nuclei of critical size (or larger) could be formed by density fluctuations in a multicomponent system, and they could continue to exist for a period of time even under conditions that would normally not allow for the nucleation of polymorph III. The processes described here could also lead to the formation of patches of highly ordered structures in a disordered environment of a cell membrane suggesting that GPIs may play a role in the formation of such domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Stefaniu
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam 14424, Germany
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35
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Stowell SR, Arthur CM, McBride R, Berger O, Razi N, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Rodrigues LC, Gourdine JP, Noll AJ, von Gunten S, Smith DF, Knirel YA, Paulson JC, Cummings RD. Microbial glycan microarrays define key features of host-microbial interactions. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:470-6. [PMID: 24814672 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genomic approaches continue to provide unprecedented insight into the microbiome, yet host immune interactions with diverse microbiota can be difficult to study. We therefore generated a microbial microarray containing defined antigens isolated from a broad range of microbial flora to examine adaptive and innate immunity. Serological studies with this microarray show that immunoglobulins from multiple mammalian species have unique patterns of reactivity, whereas exposure of animals to distinct microbes induces specific serological recognition. Although adaptive immunity exhibited plasticity toward microbial antigens, immunological tolerance limits reactivity toward self. We discovered that several innate immune galectins show specific recognition of microbes that express self-like antigens, leading to direct killing of a broad range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microbes. Thus, host protection against microbes seems to represent a balance between adaptive and innate immunity to defend against evolving antigenic determinants while protecting against molecular mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Stowell
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [2]
| | - Connie M Arthur
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [2]
| | - Ryan McBride
- 1] Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Department of and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA. [3]
| | - Oren Berger
- 1] Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Department of and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nahid Razi
- 1] Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Department of and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lilian C Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Gourdine
- Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexander J Noll
- Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - James C Paulson
- 1] Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Department of and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Song X, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Cummings RD, Smith DF. Chemistry of natural glycan microarrays. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 18:70-7. [PMID: 24487062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycan microarrays have become indispensable tools for studying protein-glycan interactions. Along with chemo-enzymatic synthesis, glycans isolated from natural sources have played important roles in array development and will continue to be a major source of glycans. N-glycans and O-glycans from glycoproteins, and glycans from glycosphingolipids (GSLs) can be released from corresponding glycoconjugates with relatively mature methods, although isolation of large numbers and quantities of glycans is still very challenging. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are less represented on current glycan microarrays. Glycan microarray development has been greatly facilitated by bifunctional fluorescent linkers, which can be applied in a 'Shotgun Glycomics' approach to incorporate isolated natural glycans. Glycan presentation on microarrays may affect glycan binding by GBPs, often through multivalent recognition by the GBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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37
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Huang YL, Wu CY. Carbohydrate-based vaccines: challenges and opportunities. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 9:1257-74. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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38
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Yu Y, Song X, Smith DF, Cummings RD. Applications of Glycan Microarrays to Functional Glycomics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62651-6.00012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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39
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Donczo B, Kerekgyarto J, Szurmai Z, Guttman A. Glycan microarrays: new angles and new strategies. Analyst 2014; 139:2650-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an02289g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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40
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Geissner A, Anish C, Seeberger PH. Glycan arrays as tools for infectious disease research. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 18:38-45. [PMID: 24534751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases cause millions of deaths worldwide each year and are a major burden for economies, especially in underdeveloped countries. Glycans and their interactions with other biomolecules are involved in all major steps of infection. Glycan arrays enable the rapid and sensitive detection of those interactions and are among the most powerful techniques to study the molecular biology of infectious diseases. This review will focus on recent developments and discuss the applications of glycan arrays to the elucidation of host-pathogen and pathogen-pathogen interactions, the development of tools for infection diagnosis and the use of glycan arrays in modern vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Geissner
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany; Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chakkumkal Anish
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany; Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Gamage DG, Hendrickson TL. GPI Transamidase and GPI anchored proteins: Oncogenes and biomarkers for cancer. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 48:446-64. [DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2013.831024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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42
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Swarts BM. Recent Advances in the Chemical Synthesis of Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs): Expanding Synthetic Versatility for Investigating GPI Biology. J Carbohydr Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2013.831435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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43
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Abstract
Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification that influences many biological processes critical for development, normal physiologic function, and diseases. Unfortunately, progress toward understanding the roles of glycans in biology has been slow due to the challenges of studying glycans and the proteins that interact with them. Glycan microarrays provide a high-throughput approach for the rapid analysis of carbohydrate-macromolecule interactions. Protocols detailed here are intended to help laboratories with basic familiarity of DNA or protein microarrays to begin printing and performing assays using glycan microarrays. Basic and advanced data processing are also detailed, along with strategies for improving reproducibility of data collected with glycan arrays. Curr. Protoc. Chem Biol. 2:37-53. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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44
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Stocker BL, Timmer MSM. Chemical Tools for Studying the Biological Function of Glycolipids. Chembiochem 2013; 14:1164-84. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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45
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Abstract
In the last decade, carbohydrate microarrays have been core technologies for analyzing carbohydrate-mediated recognition events in a high-throughput fashion. A number of methods have been exploited for immobilizing glycans on the solid surface in a microarray format. This microarray-based technology has been widely employed for rapid analysis of the glycan binding properties of lectins and antibodies, the quantitative measurements of glycan-protein interactions, detection of cells and pathogens, identification of disease-related anti-glycan antibodies for diagnosis, and fast assessment of substrate specificities of glycosyltransferases. This review covers the construction of carbohydrate microarrays, detection methods of carbohydrate microarrays and their applications in biological and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Park
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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46
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Tsai YH, Götze S, Vilotijevic I, Grube M, Silva DV, Seeberger PH. A general and convergent synthesis of diverse glycosylphosphatidylinositol glycolipids. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21515b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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47
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Swarts BM, Guo Z. Chemical synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2012; 67:137-219. [PMID: 22794184 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396527-1.00004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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48
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Tsai YH, Liu X, Seeberger PH. Chemical biology of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:11438-56. [PMID: 23086912 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are complex glycolipids that are covalently linked to the C-terminus of proteins as a posttranslational modification. They anchor the attached protein to the cell membrane and are essential for normal functioning of eukaryotic cells. GPI-anchored proteins are structurally and functionally diverse. Many GPIs have been structurally characterized but comprehension of their biological functions, beyond the simple physical anchoring, remains largely speculative. Work on functional elucidation at a molecular level is still limited. This Review focuses on the roles of GPI unraveled by using synthetic molecules and summarizes the structural diversity of GPIs, as well as their biological and chemical syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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49
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Tsai YH, Liu X, Seeberger PH. Chemische Biologie der Glycosylphosphatidylinosit-Anker. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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McWilliam HEG, Driguez P, Piedrafita D, McManus DP, Meeusen ENT. Novel immunomic technologies for schistosome vaccine development. Parasite Immunol 2012; 34:276-84. [PMID: 22486551 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains one of the most common human helminthiases, despite the availability of an effective drug against the causative parasites. Drug treatment programmes have several limitations, and it is likely that a vaccine is required for effective control. While decades of vaccine development have seen the discovery and testing of several candidate antigens, none have shown consistent and acceptable high levels of protection. The migrating larval stages are susceptible to immunity, however few larval-specific antigens have been discovered. Therefore, there is a need to identify novel larval-specific antigens, which may prove to be more efficacious than existing targets. Immunomics, a relatively new field developed to cope with the recent large influx of biological information, holds promise for the discovery of vaccine targets, and this review highlights some immunomic approaches to schistosome vaccine development. Firstly, a method to focus on the immune response elicited by the important and vulnerable larval stage is described, which allows a targeted study of the immunome at different tissue sites. Then, two high-throughput arrays are discussed for the identification of protein and carbohydrate antigens. It is anticipated that these approaches will progress vaccine development against the schistosomes, as well as other parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish E G McWilliam
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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