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Sun X, Yan B, Gong X, Xu Q, Guo Q, Shen H. Eight-Electron Copper Nanoclusters for Photothermal Conversion. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400527. [PMID: 38470123 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Owing to distinct physicochemical properties in comparison to gold and silver counterparts, atomically precise copper nanoclusters are attracting embryonic interest in material science. The introduction of copper cluster nanomaterials in more interesting fields is currently urgent and desired. Reported in this work are novel copper nanoclusters of [XCu54Cl12(tBuS)20(NO3)12] (X=S or none, tBuSH=2-methyl-2-propanethiol), which exhibit high performance in photothermal conversion. The clusters have been prepared in one pot and characterized by combinatorial techniques including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The molecular structure of the clusters, as revealed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (SCXRD), shows the concentric three-shell Russian doll arrangement of X@Cu14@Cl12@Cu40. Interestingly, the [SCu54Cl12(tBuS)20(NO3)12] cluster contains 8 free valence electrons in its structure, making it the first eight-electron copper nanocluster stabilized by thiolates. More impressively, the clusters possess an effective photothermal conversion (temperature increases by 71 °C within ~50 s, λex=445 nm, 0.5 W cm-2) in a wide wavelength range (either blue or near-infrared). The photothermal conversion can be even driven under irradiation of simulated sunlight (3 sun), endowing the clusters with great potency in solar energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Sun
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Bingzheng Yan
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xuekun Gong
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Qinghua Xu
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Qingxiang Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, China
| | - Hui Shen
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
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2
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Anker AS, Kjær ETS, Juelsholt M, Jensen KMØ. POMFinder: identifying polyoxometallate cluster structures from pair distribution function data using explainable machine learning. J Appl Crystallogr 2024; 57:34-43. [PMID: 38322723 PMCID: PMC10840315 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Characterization of a material structure with pair distribution function (PDF) analysis typically involves refining a structure model against an experimental data set, but finding or constructing a suitable atomic model for PDF modelling can be an extremely labour-intensive task, requiring carefully browsing through large numbers of possible models. Presented here is POMFinder, a machine learning (ML) classifier that rapidly screens a database of structures, here polyoxometallate (POM) clusters, to identify candidate structures for PDF data modelling. The approach is shown to identify suitable POMs from experimental data, including in situ data collected with fast acquisition times. This automated approach has significant potential for identifying suitable models for structure refinement to extract quantitative structural parameters in materials chemistry research. POMFinder is open source and user friendly, making it accessible to those without prior ML knowledge. It is also demonstrated that POMFinder offers a promising modelling framework for combined modelling of multiple scattering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy S. Anker
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Emil T. S. Kjær
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Juelsholt
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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3
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Anker AS, Butler KT, Selvan R, Jensen KMØ. Machine learning for analysis of experimental scattering and spectroscopy data in materials chemistry. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14003-14019. [PMID: 38098730 PMCID: PMC10718081 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05081e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth of materials chemistry data, driven by advancements in large-scale radiation facilities as well as laboratory instruments, has outpaced conventional data analysis and modelling methods, which can require enormous manual effort. To address this bottleneck, we investigate the application of supervised and unsupervised machine learning (ML) techniques for scattering and spectroscopy data analysis in materials chemistry research. Our perspective focuses on ML applications in powder diffraction (PD), pair distribution function (PDF), small-angle scattering (SAS), inelastic neutron scattering (INS), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data, but the lessons that we learn are generally applicable across materials chemistry. We review the ability of ML to identify physical and structural models and extract information efficiently and accurately from experimental data. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges associated with supervised ML and highlight how unsupervised ML can mitigate these limitations, thus enhancing experimental materials chemistry data analysis. Our perspective emphasises the transformative potential of ML in materials chemistry characterisation and identifies promising directions for future applications. The perspective aims to guide newcomers to ML-based experimental data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy S Anker
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Keith T Butler
- Department of Chemistry, University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Raghavendra Selvan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen 2200 Copenhagen N Denmark
| | - Kirsten M Ø Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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4
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Santhoshkumar S, Madhu M, Tseng WB, Tseng WL. Gold nanocluster-based fluorescent sensors for in vitro and in vivo ratiometric imaging of biomolecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21787-21801. [PMID: 37577965 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02714g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are promising nanomaterials for ratiometric fluorescent probes due to their tunable fluorescence wavelengths dependent on size and structure, as well as their biocompatibility and resistance to photobleaching. By incorporating an additional fluorescence spectral peak, dual-emission AuNC-based fluorescent probes have been developed to enhance the signal output reproducibility. These probes can be fabricated by integrating various luminescent nanomaterials with AuNCs. This review focuses on the preparation methods and applications of ratiometric fluorescent probes derived from AuNCs and other fluorescent nanomaterials or fluorescent dyes for both in vitro and in vivo bioimaging of target analytes. Additionally, the review delves into the sensing mechanisms of AuNC-based ratiometric probes, their synthetic strategies, and the challenges encountered when using AuNCs for ratiometric bioimaging. Moreover, we explore the application of protein-stabilized AuNCs and thiolate-capped AuNC-based ratiometric fluorescent probes for biosensing and bioimaging. Two primary methods for assembling AuNCs and fluorophores into ratiometric fluorescent probes are discussed: triggered assembly and self-assembly. Finally, we address the challenges and issues associated with ratiometric bioimaging using AuNCs and propose future directions for further advancing AuNCs as ratiometric imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Santhoshkumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lien-hai Road, Gushan District, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Manivannan Madhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lien-hai Road, Gushan District, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Bin Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lien-hai Road, Gushan District, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Rd., Dacun, Changhua 515006, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Lung Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lien-hai Road, Gushan District, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shiquan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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5
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Jeffries WR, Malola S, Tofanelli MA, Ackerson CJ, Häkkinen H, Knappenberger KL. Coherent Vibrational Dynamics of Au 144(SC 8H 9) 60 Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6679-6685. [PMID: 37463467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The coherent vibrational dynamics of Au144(SC8H9)60, obtained from femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy, are described. Two acoustic modes were identified and assigned, including 2.0 THz breathing and 0.7 THz quadrupolar vibrations. These assignments are consistent with predictions using classical mechanics models, indicating that bulk models accurately describe the vibrational properties of Au144(SC8H9)60. Coherent phonon signals were persistent for up to 3 ps, indicating energy dissipation by the nanocluster was the primary dephasing channel. The initial excitation phases of the breathing and quadrupolar modes were π-phase-shifted, reflecting differences in the displacive nuclear motion of the vibrations. The combined agreement of the vibrational frequencies, relative phases, and decoherence times supported predictions based on classical models. The vibrational frequencies were insensitive to silver substitution for gold but did show increased inhomogeneous damping of the coherent phonons. The ability to predict the vibrational properties of metal nanoclusters can have an impact on nanoresonator and mass sensing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Jeffries
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sami Malola
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Fl-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marcus A Tofanelli
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Christopher J Ackerson
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Fl-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Fl-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kenneth L Knappenberger
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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6
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Fujiki Y, Matsuyama T, Kikkawa S, Hirayama J, Takaya H, Nakatani N, Yasuda N, Nitta K, Negishi Y, Yamazoe S. Counteranion-induced structural isomerization of phosphine-protected PdAu 8 and PtAu 8 clusters. Commun Chem 2023; 6:129. [PMID: 37340116 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the geometric structures of metal clusters through structural isomerization allows for tuning of their electronic state. In this study, we successfully synthesized butterfly-motif [PdAu8(PPh3)8]2+ (PdAu8-B, B means butterfly-motif) and [PtAu8(PPh3)8]2+ (PtAu8-B) by the structural isomerization from crown-motif [PdAu8(PPh3)8]2+ (PdAu8-C, C means crown-motif) and [PtAu8(PPh3)8]2+ (PtAu8-C), induced by association with anionic polyoxometalate, [Mo6O19]2- (Mo6) respectively, whereas their structural isomerization was suppressed by the use of [NO3]- and [PMo12O40]3- as counter anions. DR-UV-vis-NIR and XAFS analyses and density functional theory calculations revealed that the synthesized [PdAu8(PPh3)8][Mo6O19] (PdAu8-Mo6) and [PtAu8(PPh3)8][Mo6O19] (PtAu8-Mo6) had PdAu8-B and PtAu8-B respectively because PdAu8-Mo6 and PtAu8-Mo6 had bands in optical absorption at the longer wavelength region and different structural parameters characteristic of the butterfly-motif structure obtained by XAFS analysis. Single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that PdAu8-B and PtAu8-B were surrounded by six Mo6 with rock salt-type packing, which stabilizes the semi-stable butterfly-motif structure to overcome high activation energy for structural isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fujiki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tomoki Matsuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Soichi Kikkawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8245, Japan
| | - Jun Hirayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8245, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takaya
- Department of Life & Health Sciences, Teikyo University of Science, 2-2-1 Senjyusakuragi, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 120-0045, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakatani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Nitta
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8245, Japan.
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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7
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Foxley J, Green TD, Tofanelli MA, Ackerson CJ, Knappenberger KL. The Evolution from Superatom- to Plasmon-Mediated Magnetic Circular Dichroism in Colloidal Metal Nanoparticles Spanning the Nonmetallic to Metallic Limits. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:5210-5215. [PMID: 37257166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The magneto-optical absorption properties of colloidal metal nanoclusters spanning nonmetallic to metallic regimes were examined using variable-temperature variable-field magnetic circular dichroism (VTVH-MCD) spectroscopy. Charge neutral Au25(SC8H9)18 exhibited MCD spectra dominated by Faraday C-terms, consistent with expectations for a nonmetallic paramagnetic nanocluster. This response is reconciled by the open-shell superatom configuration of Au25(SC8H9)18. Metallic and plasmon-supporting Au459(pMBA)170 exhibited temperature-independent VTVH-MCD spectra dominated by Faraday A-terms. Au144(SC8H9)60, which is intermediate to the metallic and nonmetallic limits, showed the most complex VTVH-MCD response of the three nanoclusters, consisting of 19 distinguishable peaks spanning the visible and near-infrared (3.0-1.4 eV). Variable-temperature analysis suggested that none of these transitions originated from plasmon excitation. However, evidence for both paramagnetic and mixed (i.e., nondiscrete) transitions of Au144(SC8H9)60 was observed. These results highlight the complexity of gold nanocluster electronic transitions that emerge as sizes approach metallic length scales. Nanoclusters in this regime may provide opportunities for tailoring the magneto-optical properties of colloidal nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juniper Foxley
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Thomas D Green
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Marcus A Tofanelli
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Christopher J Ackerson
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Kenneth L Knappenberger
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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8
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Gu R, Billinge SJL, Du Q. A fast two-stage algorithm for non-negative matrix factorization in smoothly varying data. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2023; 79:203-216. [PMID: 36862045 DOI: 10.1107/s2053273323000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reports the study of algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) in various applications involving smoothly varying data such as time or temperature series diffraction data on a dense grid of points. Utilizing the continual nature of the data, a fast two-stage algorithm is developed for highly efficient and accurate NMF. In the first stage, an alternating non-negative least-squares framework is used in combination with the active set method with a warm-start strategy for the solution of subproblems. In the second stage, an interior point method is adopted to accelerate the local convergence. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is proved. The new algorithm is compared with some existing algorithms in benchmark tests using both real-world data and synthetic data. The results demonstrate the advantage of the algorithm in finding high-precision solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Gu
- School of Statistics and Data Science, KLMDASR, LEBPS and LPMC, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Simon J L Billinge
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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9
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Kjær ETS, Anker AS, Weng MN, Billinge SJL, Selvan R, Jensen KMØ. DeepStruc: towards structure solution from pair distribution function data using deep generative models. DIGITAL DISCOVERY 2023; 2:69-80. [PMID: 36798882 PMCID: PMC9923795 DOI: 10.1039/d2dd00086e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structure solution of nanostructured materials that have limited long-range order remains a bottleneck in materials development. We present a deep learning algorithm, DeepStruc, that can solve a simple monometallic nanoparticle structure directly from a Pair Distribution Function (PDF) obtained from total scattering data by using a conditional variational autoencoder. We first apply DeepStruc to PDFs from seven different structure types of monometallic nanoparticles, and show that structures can be solved from both simulated and experimental PDFs, including PDFs from nanoparticles that are not present in the training distribution. We also apply DeepStruc to a system of hcp, fcc and stacking faulted nanoparticles, where DeepStruc recognizes stacking faulted nanoparticles as an interpolation between hcp and fcc nanoparticles and is able to solve stacking faulted structures from PDFs. Our findings suggests that DeepStruc is a step towards a general approach for structure solution of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil T. S. Kjær
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen2100 Copenhagen ØDenmark
| | - Andy S. Anker
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen2100 Copenhagen ØDenmark
| | - Marcus N. Weng
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen2100 Copenhagen ØDenmark
| | - Simon J. L. Billinge
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Science, Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA,Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA
| | - Raghavendra Selvan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark .,Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen 2200 Copenhagen N Denmark
| | - Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen2100 Copenhagen ØDenmark
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10
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Mathiesen JK, Quinson J, Blaseio S, Kjær ETS, Dworzak A, Cooper SR, Pedersen JK, Wang B, Bizzotto F, Schröder J, Kinnibrugh TL, Simonsen SB, Theil Kuhn L, Kirkensgaard JJK, Rossmeisl J, Oezaslan M, Arenz M, Jensen KMØ. Chemical Insights into the Formation of Colloidal Iridium Nanoparticles from In Situ X-ray Total Scattering: Influence of Precursors and Cations on the Reaction Pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1769-1782. [PMID: 36631996 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Iridium nanoparticles are important catalysts for several chemical and energy conversion reactions. Studies of iridium nanoparticles have also been a key for the development of kinetic models of nanomaterial formation. However, compared to other metals such as gold or platinum, knowledge on the nature of prenucleation species and structural insights into the resultant nanoparticles are missing, especially for nanoparticles obtained from IrxCly precursors investigated here. We use in situ X-ray total scattering (TS) experiments with pair distribution function (PDF) analysis to study a simple, surfactant-free synthesis of colloidal iridium nanoparticles. The reaction is performed in methanol at 50 °C with only a base and an iridium salt as precursor. From different precursor salts─IrCl3, IrCl4, H2IrCl6, or Na2IrCl6─colloidal nanoparticles as small as Ir∼55 are obtained as the final product. The nanoparticles do not show the bulk iridium face-centered cubic (fcc) structure but show decahedral and icosahedral structures. The formation route is highly dependent on the precursor salt used. Using IrCl3 or IrCl4, metallic iridium nanoparticles form rapidly from IrxClyn- complexes, whereas using H2IrCl6 or Na2IrCl6, the iridium nanoparticle formation follows a sudden growth after an induction period and the brief appearance of a crystalline phase. With H2IrCl6, the formation of different Irn (n = 55, 55, 85, and 116) nanoparticles depends on the nature of the cation in the base (LiOH, NaOH, KOH, or CsOH, respectively) and larger particles are obtained with larger cations. As the particles grow, the nanoparticle structure changes from partly icosahedral to decahedral. The results show that the synthesis of iridium nanoparticles from IrxCly is a valuable iridium nanoparticle model system, which can provide new compositional and structural insights into iridium nanoparticle formation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jette K Mathiesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej Bldg. 312, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Quinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Åbogade 40, 8200Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sonja Blaseio
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt Str. 35a, 38106Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Emil T S Kjær
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Dworzak
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt Str. 35a, 38106Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susan R Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jack K Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Baiyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Francesco Bizzotto
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Schröder
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tiffany L Kinnibrugh
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Søren B Simonsen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej Bldg. 310, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Luise Theil Kuhn
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej Bldg. 310, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jacob J K Kirkensgaard
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Niels-Bohr-Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mehtap Oezaslan
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt Str. 35a, 38106Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten M Ø Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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11
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Van den Eynden D, Pokratath R, Mathew JP, Goossens E, De Buysser K, De Roo J. Fatty acid capped, metal oxo clusters as the smallest conceivable nanocrystal prototypes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:573-585. [PMID: 36741516 PMCID: PMC9847641 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal oxo clusters of the type M6O4(OH)4(OOCR)12 (M = Zr or Hf) are valuable building blocks for materials science. Here, we synthesize a series of zirconium and hafnium oxo clusters with ligands that are typically used to stabilize oxide nanocrystals (fatty acids with long and/or branched chains). The fatty acid capped oxo clusters have a high solubility but do not crystallize, precluding traditional purification and single-crystal XRD analysis. We thus develop alternative purification strategies and we use X-ray total scattering and Pair Distribution Function (PDF) analysis as our main method to elucidate the structure of the cluster core. We identify the correct structure from a series of possible clusters (Zr3, Zr4, Zr6, Zr12, Zr10, and Zr26). Excellent refinements are only obtained when the ligands are part of the structure model. Further evidence for the cluster composition is provided by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), and mass spectrometry (MS). We find that hydrogen bonded carboxylic acid is an intrinsic part of the oxo cluster. Using our analytical tools, we elucidate the conversion from a Zr6 monomer to a Zr12 dimer (and vice versa), induced by carboxylate ligand exchange. Finally, we compare the catalytic performance of Zr12-oleate clusters with oleate capped, 5.5 nm zirconium oxide nanocrystals in the esterification of oleic acid with ethanol. The oxo clusters present a five times higher reaction rate, due to their higher surface area. Since the oxo clusters are the lower limit of downscaling oxide nanocrystals, we present them as appealing catalytic materials, and as atomically precise model systems. In addition, the lessons learned regarding PDF analysis are applicable to other areas of cluster science as well, from semiconductor and metal clusters, to polyoxometalates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietger Van den Eynden
- Department of Chemistry, University of BaselMattenstrasse 24a4058 BaselSwitzerland,Department of Chemistry, University of GhentKrijgslaan 2819000 GhentBelgium
| | - Rohan Pokratath
- Department of Chemistry, University of BaselMattenstrasse 24a4058 BaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Eline Goossens
- Department of Chemistry, University of BaselMattenstrasse 24a4058 BaselSwitzerland,Department of Chemistry, University of GhentKrijgslaan 2819000 GhentBelgium
| | | | - Jonathan De Roo
- Department of Chemistry, University of BaselMattenstrasse 24a4058 BaselSwitzerland
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12
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Gómez T, Muñoz-Castro A. Ligand-dictated cluster core characteristics in Au8Se2 gold selenido. Insights from relativistic DFT. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Gunawardene PN, Martin J, Wong JM, Ding Z, Corrigan JF, Workentin MS. Controlling the Structure, Properties and Surface Reactivity of Clickable Azide‐Functionalized Au
25
(SR)
18
Nanocluster Platforms Through Regioisomeric Ligand Modifications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205194. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen N. Gunawardene
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Julia Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Jonathan M. Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - John F. Corrigan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Mark S. Workentin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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14
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Anderson ID, Wang Y, Aikens CM, Ackerson CJ. An ultrastable thiolate/diglyme ligated cluster: Au 20(PET) 15(DG) 2. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9134-9141. [PMID: 35723454 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02426h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of an Au20(PET)15(DG)2 (PET = phenylethane thiol; DG = diglyme) cluster is reported. Mass spectrometry reveals this as the first diglyme ligated cluster where diglyme ligands survive ionization into the gas phase. Thermal analysis shows the cluster degrades at 156 °C, whereas the similar Au20(PET)16 cluster degrades at 125 °C, representing markedly increased thermal stability. A combination of NMR spectroscopy and computational modeling suggests that the diglyme molecules bind in a tridentate manner for this cluster, resulting in a binding energy of 35.2 kcal mol-1 for diglyme, which is comparable to the value of ∼40 kcal mol-1 for thiolates. IR and optical spectroscopies show no evidence of assembly of this cluster, in contrast to Au20(PET)15(DG), which readily assembles into dimeric species, which is consistent with a tridentate binding motif. Evidence for stacking among Au-bound and non-bound diglyme molecules is inferred from thermal and mass analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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15
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Perdana N, Holzer C, Rockstuhl C. Multiscale Modeling of Broadband Perfect Absorbers Based on Gold Metallic Molecules. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:19337-19346. [PMID: 35721956 PMCID: PMC9202273 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The modeling of functional photonic devices that rely on molecular materials continues to be a major contemporary challenge. It is a challenge because, in the Maxwell equations, which govern the light-matter interaction, material properties are primarily introduced on phenomenological grounds and not from first principles. To overcome such limitations, we outline a multiscale modeling approach that bridges multiple length scales. We can predict with our approach the optical response of a photonic device that exploits in its design molecular materials whose properties were determined using time-dependent density functional theory. The specifically considered device is a broadband perfect absorber that uses in part a thin film comprising gold molecules made from 144 atoms. Our methodology discloses various chemical and physical effects that define such a device's response. Our methodology is versatile, and a larger number of applications will profit from this development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Perdana
- Institute
of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christof Holzer
- Institute
of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carsten Rockstuhl
- Institute
of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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16
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Gunawardene PN, Martin J, Wong JM, Ding Z, Corrigan JF, Workentin MS. Controlling the Structure, Properties and Surface Reactivity of Clickable Azide‐Functionalized Au
25
(SR)
18
Nanocluster Platforms Through Regioisomeric Ligand Modifications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen N. Gunawardene
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Julia Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Jonathan M. Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - John F. Corrigan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Mark S. Workentin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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17
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Pussi K, Louzguine-Luzgin DV, Nokelaineni J, Barbiellini B, Kothalawala V, Ohara K, Yamada H, Bansil A, Kamali S. Atomic structure of an FeCrMoCBY metallic glass revealed by high energy x-ray diffraction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:285301. [PMID: 35472853 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac6a9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous bulk metallic glasses with the composition Fe48Cr15Mo14C15B6Y2have been of interest due to their special mechanical and electronic properties, including corrosion resistance, high yield-strength, large elasticity, catalytic performance, and soft ferromagnetism. Here, we apply a reverse Monte Carlo technique to unravel the atomic structure of these glasses. The pair-distribution functions for various atomic pairs are computed based on the high-energy x-ray diffraction data we have taken from an amorphous sample. Monte Carlo cycles are used to move the atomic positions until the model reproduces the experimental pair-distribution function. The resulting fitted model is consistent with ourab initiosimulations of the metallic glass. Our study contributes to the understanding of functional properties of Fe-based bulk metallic glasses driven by disorder effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pussi
- Physics Department, School of Engineering Science, LUT University, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - D V Louzguine-Luzgin
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- MathAM-OIL, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - J Nokelaineni
- Physics Department, School of Engineering Science, LUT University, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - B Barbiellini
- Physics Department, School of Engineering Science, LUT University, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - V Kothalawala
- Physics Department, School of Engineering Science, LUT University, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - K Ohara
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - H Yamada
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - A Bansil
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - S Kamali
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN 37388, United States of America
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, United States of America
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18
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Sabooni Asre Hazer M, Malola S, Häkkinen H. Isomer dynamics of the [Au 6(NHC-S) 4] 2+ nanocluster. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3218-3221. [PMID: 35174837 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00676f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of metal nanoclusters is strongly reliant on their size and configuration; hence, studying the potential isomers of a cluster is extremely beneficial in understanding their performance. In general, the prediction and identification of isomer structures and their properties can be challenging and computationally expensive. Our work describes an investigation to find local isomers for the previously experimentally characterized small gold cluster [Au6(NHC-S)4]2+ protected by bidentate mixed carbene-thiolate ligands. We employ the molecular dynamics simulation method where the interatomic forces are calculated from density functional theory. We find several isomers that are more stable than the isomer corresponding to the experimental crystal structure, as well as a significant impact of the finite-temperature atom dynamics on the electronic structure and optical properties. Our work highlights the growing need to investigate ligand-stabilized metal clusters to uncover isomerism and temperature effects on their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sami Malola
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland. .,Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
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19
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Terban MW, Billinge SJL. Structural Analysis of Molecular Materials Using the Pair Distribution Function. Chem Rev 2022; 122:1208-1272. [PMID: 34788012 PMCID: PMC8759070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This is a review of atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis as applied to the study of molecular materials. The PDF method is a powerful approach to study short- and intermediate-range order in materials on the nanoscale. It may be obtained from total scattering measurements using X-rays, neutrons, or electrons, and it provides structural details when defects, disorder, or structural ambiguities obscure their elucidation directly in reciprocal space. While its uses in the study of inorganic crystals, glasses, and nanomaterials have been recently highlighted, significant progress has also been made in its application to molecular materials such as carbons, pharmaceuticals, polymers, liquids, coordination compounds, composites, and more. Here, an overview of applications toward a wide variety of molecular compounds (organic and inorganic) and systems with molecular components is presented. We then present pedagogical descriptions and tips for further implementation. Successful utilization of the method requires an interdisciplinary consolidation of material preparation, high quality scattering experimentation, data processing, model formulation, and attentive scrutiny of the results. It is hoped that this article will provide a useful reference to practitioners for PDF applications in a wide realm of molecular sciences, and help new practitioners to get started with this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell W. Terban
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simon J. L. Billinge
- Department
of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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20
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Juelsholt M, Anker AS, Christiansen TL, Jørgensen MRV, Kantor I, Sørensen DR, Jensen KMØ. Size-induced amorphous structure in tungsten oxide nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:20144-20156. [PMID: 34846442 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The properties of functional materials are intrinsically linked to their atomic structure. When going to the nanoscale, size-induced structural changes in atomic structure often occur, however these are rarely well-understood. Here, we systematically investigate the atomic structure of tungsten oxide nanoparticles as a function of the nanoparticle size and observe drastic changes when the particles are smaller than 5 nm, where the particles are amorphous. The tungsten oxide nanoparticles are synthesized by thermal decomposition of ammonium metatungstate hydrate in oleylamine and by varying the ammonium metatungstate hydrate concentration, the nanoparticle size, shape and structure can be controlled. At low concentrations, nanoparticles with a diameter of 2-4 nm form and adopt an amorphous structure that locally resembles the structure of polyoxometalate clusters. When the concentration is increased the nanoparticles become elongated and form nanocrystalline rods up to 50 nm in length. The study thus reveals a size-dependent amorphous structure when going to the nanoscale and provides further knowledge on how metal oxide crystal structures change at extreme length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Juelsholt
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Andy S Anker
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | | | - Mads Ry Vogel Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry & iNANO, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, 224 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Innokenty Kantor
- Department of Chemistry & iNANO, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Physics, The Technical University of Denmark, 2880 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniel Risskov Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry & iNANO, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, 224 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kirsten M Ø Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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21
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Li Y, Zhou M, Jin R. Programmable Metal Nanoclusters with Atomic Precision. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006591. [PMID: 33984169 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the recent establishment of atomically precise nanochemistry, capabilities toward programmable control over the nanoparticle size and structure are being developed. Advances in the synthesis of atomically precise nanoclusters (NCs, 1-3 nm) have been made in recent years, and more importantly, their total structures (core plus ligands) have been mapped out by X-ray crystallography. These ultrasmall Au nanoparticles exhibit strong quantum-confinement effect, manifested in their optical absorption properties. With the advantage of atomic precision, gold-thiolate nanoclusters (Aun (SR)m ) are revealed to contain an inner kernel, Au-S interface (motifs), and surface ligand (-R) shell. Programming the atomic packing into various crystallographic structures of the metal kernel can be achieved, which plays a significant role in determining the optical properties and the energy gap (Eg ) of NCs. When the size increases, a general trend is observed for NCs with fcc or decahedral kernels, whereas those NCs with icosahedral kernels deviate from the general trend by showing comparably smaller Eg . Comparisons are also made to further demonstrate the more decisive role of the kernel structure over surface motifs based on isomeric Au NCs and NC series with evolving kernel or motif structures. Finally, future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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22
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Szczerba D, Tan D, Do JL, Titi HM, Mouhtadi S, Chaumont D, Del Carmen Marco de Lucas M, Geoffroy N, Meyer M, Rousselin Y, Hudspeth JM, Schwanen V, Spoerk-Erdely P, Dippel AC, Ivashko O, Gutowski O, Glaevecke P, Bazhenov V, Arhangelskis M, Halasz I, Friščić T, Kimber SAJ. Real-Time Observation of "Soft" Magic-Size Clusters during Hydrolysis of the Model Metallodrug Bismuth Disalicylate. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16332-16336. [PMID: 34582201 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal bismuth therapeutics have been used for hundreds of years, yet remain mysterious. Here we report an X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) study of the solvolysis of bismuth disalicylate, a model for the metallodrug bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol). This reveals catalysis by traces of water, followed by multistep cluster growth. The ratio of the two major species, {Bi9O7} and {Bi38O44}, depends on exposure to air, time, and the solvent. The solution-phase cluster structures are of significantly higher symmetry in comparison to solid-state analogues, with reduced off-center Bi3+ displacements. This explains why such "magic-size" clusters can be both stable enough to crystallize and sufficiently labile for further growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Szczerba
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Davin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jean-Louis Do
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Hatem M Titi
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Siham Mouhtadi
- Université Franche-Comté, Insitut UTINAM-Équipe MSF, and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Denis Chaumont
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - María Del Carmen Marco de Lucas
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Geoffroy
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Michel Meyer
- Insitut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Yoann Rousselin
- Insitut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Petra Spoerk-Erdely
- Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Ann-Christin Dippel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 95, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oleh Ivashko
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 95, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olof Gutowski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 95, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Glaevecke
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 95, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Simon A J Kimber
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
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23
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Ma MX, Ma XL, Liang GM, Shen XT, Ni QL, Gui LC, Wang XJ, Huang SY, Li SM. A Nanocluster [Ag 307Cl 62(SPh tBu) 110]: Chloride Intercalation, Specific Electronic State, and Superstability. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13731-13737. [PMID: 34410122 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The controlling synthesis of novel nanoclusters of noble metals (Au, Ag) and the determination of their atomically precise structures provide opportunities for investigating their specific properties and applications. Here we report a novel silver nanocluster [Ag307Cl62(SPhtBu)110] (Ag307) whose structure is determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The structure analysis shows that nanocluster Ag307 contains a Ag167 core, a surface shell of [Ag140Cl2S110], and a Cl60 intermediate layer located between Ag167 and [Ag140Cl2S110]. It is a first example that such many chlorides are intercalated into a Ag nanocluster. Chlorides are released in situ from solvent CHCl3. Nanocluster Ag307 exhibits superstability. Differential pulse voltammetry experiment reveals that Ag307 has continuous charging/discharging behavior with a capacitance value of 1.39 aF, while the Ag307 has a surface plasmonic feature. These characteristics show that Ag307 is of metallic behavior. However, its electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra display a spin magnetic behavior which could be originated from the unpassivated dangling bonds of surface atoms. The direct capture of EPR signals can be attributed to the Cl- intercalating layer which partly suppresses the electronic interactions between core and surface atoms, resulting in the relatively independent electronic states for core and surface atoms.
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24
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Asadi-Aghbolaghi N, Pototschnig J, Jamshidi Z, Visscher L. Effects of ligands on (de-)enhancement of plasmonic excitations of silver, gold and bimetallic nanoclusters: TD-DFT+TB calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17929-17938. [PMID: 34379064 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03220h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters can be synthesized in various sizes and shapes and are typically protected with ligands to stabilize them. These ligands can also be used to tune the plasmonic properties of the clusters as the absorption spectrum of a protected cluster can be significantly altered compared to the bare cluster. In this paper, we computationally investigate the influence of thiolate ligands on the plasmonic intensity for silver, gold and alloy clusters. Using time-dependent density functional theory with tight-binding approximations, TD-DFT+TB, we show that this level of theory can reproduce the broad experimental spectra of Au144(SR)60 and Ag53Au91(SR)60 (R = CH3) compounds with satisfactory agreement. As TD-DFT+TB does not depend on atom-type parameters we were able to apply this approach on large ligand-protected clusters with various compositions. With these calculations we predict that the effect of ligands on the absorption can be a quenching as well as an enhancement. We furthermore show that it is possible to unambiguously identify the plasmonic peaks by the scaled Coulomb kernel technique and explain the influence of ligands on the intensity (de-)enhancement by analyzing the plasmonic excitations in terms of the dominant orbital contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Asadi-Aghbolaghi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Pussi K, Barbiellini B, Ohara K, Yamada H, Dwivedi J, Bansil A, Gupta A, Kamali S. Atomic arrangements in an amorphous CoFeB ribbon extracted via an analysis of radial distribution functions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:395801. [PMID: 34233320 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the atomic structure of amorphous ferromagnetic FeCoB alloys, which are used widely in spintronics applications. Specifically, we obtain the pair-distribution functions for various atomic pairs based on high-energy x-ray diffraction data taken from an amorphous Co20Fe61B19specimen. We start our reverse Monte Carlo cycles to determine the disordered structure with a two-phase model in which a small amount of cobalt is mixed with Fe23B6as a second phase. The structure of the alloy is found to be heterogeneous, where the boron atoms drive disorder through the random occupation of the atomic network. Our analysis also indicates the presence of small cobalt clusters that are embedded in the iron matrix and percolating the latter throughout the structure. This morphology can explain the enhanced spin polarization observed in amorphous magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pussi
- Physics Department, School of Engineering Science, LUT University, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - B Barbiellini
- Physics Department, School of Engineering Science, LUT University, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - K Ohara
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - H Yamada
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - J Dwivedi
- School of Physics, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452001, India
| | - A Bansil
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Physics, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun-248007, India
| | - S Kamali
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN 37388, United States of America
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, United States of America
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Analysis of the Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol Catalyzed by Para-Mercaptobenzoic Acid Capped Magic Number Gold Clusters. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Rival JV, Mymoona P, Lakshmi KM, Pradeep T, Shibu ES. Self-Assembly of Precision Noble Metal Nanoclusters: Hierarchical Structural Complexity, Colloidal Superstructures, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005718. [PMID: 33491918 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ligand protected noble metal nanoparticles are excellent building blocks for colloidal self-assembly. Metal nanoparticle self-assembly offers routes for a wide range of multifunctional nanomaterials with enhanced optoelectronic properties. The emergence of atomically precise monolayer thiol-protected noble metal nanoclusters has overcome numerous challenges such as uncontrolled aggregation, polydispersity, and directionalities faced in plasmonic nanoparticle self-assemblies. Because of their well-defined molecular compositions, enhanced stability, and diverse surface functionalities, nanoclusters offer an excellent platform for developing colloidal superstructures via the self-assembly driven by surface ligands and metal cores. More importantly, recent reports have also revealed the hierarchical structural complexity of several nanoclusters. In this review, the formulation and periodic self-assembly of different noble metal nanoclusters are focused upon. Further, self-assembly induced amplification of physicochemical properties, and their potential applications in molecular recognition, sensing, gas storage, device fabrication, bioimaging, therapeutics, and catalysis are discussed. The topics covered in this review are extensively associated with state-of-the-art achievements in the field of precision noble metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Rival
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Paloli Mymoona
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Kavalloor Murali Lakshmi
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - Edakkattuparambil Sidharth Shibu
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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28
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Wetzel O, Hosseini S, Loza K, Heggen M, Prymak O, Bayer P, Beuck C, Schaller T, Niemeyer F, Weidenthaler C, Epple M. Metal-Ligand Interface and Internal Structure of Ultrasmall Silver Nanoparticles (2 nm). J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5645-5659. [PMID: 34029093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasmall silver nanoparticles were prepared by reduction with NaBH4 and surface-terminated with glutathione (GSH). The particles had a solid core diameter of 2 nm as shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). NMR-DOSY gave a hydrodynamic diameter of 2 to 2.8 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that silver is bound to the thiol group of the central cysteine in glutathione under partial oxidation to silver(+I). In turn, the thiol group is deprotonated to thiolate. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) together with Rietveld refinement confirmed a twinned (polycrystalline) fcc structure of ultrasmall silver nanoparticles with a lattice compression of about 0.9% compared to bulk silver metal. By NMR spectroscopy, the interaction between the glutathione ligand and the silver surface was analyzed, also with 13C-labeled glutathione. The adsorbed glutathione is fully intact and binds to the silver surface via cysteine. In situ 1H NMR spectroscopy up to 85 °C in dispersion showed that the glutathione ligand did not detach from the surface of the silver nanoparticle, i.e. the silver-sulfur bond is remarkably strong. The ultrasmall nanoparticles had a higher cytotoxicity than bigger particles in in vitro cell culture with HeLa cells with a cytotoxic concentration of about 1 μg mL-1 after 24 h incubation. The overall stoichiometry of the nanoparticles was about Ag∼250GSH∼155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Wetzel
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Shabnam Hosseini
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Kateryna Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Oleg Prymak
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Bayer
- Department of Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Beuck
- Department of Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten Schaller
- Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Felix Niemeyer
- Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Claudia Weidenthaler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
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Miyaji M, Radola B, Simon JM, Krüger P. Extension of Kirkwood–Buff theory to solids and its application to the compressibility of fcc argon. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:164506. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0049673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Miyaji
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Bastien Radola
- Institut UTINAM, UMR 6213, CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Marc Simon
- Laboratoire ICB, UMR 6303, CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Peter Krüger
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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30
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Rival JV, Mymoona P, Vinoth R, Mohan AMV, Shibu ES. Light-Emitting Atomically Precise Nanocluster-Based Flexible QR Codes for Anticounterfeiting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10583-10593. [PMID: 33591728 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite tremendous progress in the field of fluorescence-based anticounterfeiting, the advanced anticounterfeiting techniques are still posing challenges all over the world due to their cost and reliability. Recently, light-emitting atomically precise nanoclusters have emerged as attractive building blocks because of their well-defined structure, function, and stable photoluminescence. Herein, we report the room temperature fabrication of a stable, flexible, nontoxic, and low-cost precision nanocluster-based luminescent ink for the stencil printing of an optically unclonable security label. Nanocluster-based printing ink shows brilliant photoluminescence owing to its extended C-H···π/π···π interactions. Spectroscopic and microscopic investigations show that intercalated nanoclusters in the printed security labels are highly stable as their optical features and molecular compositions are unaffected. The exceptional mechanical, thermal, photo, and aqueous stabilities of the printed security labels endorse to demonstrate the printing and smartphone-based electronic reading of the quick response code on a currency. Finally, confidential information protection and decryption under a precise window of light have been achieved by adopting the optical contrast illusion. The overall cost of the security label is found to be approximately 0.013 USD per stamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Rival
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Paloli Mymoona
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendran Vinoth
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis (EEC) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A M Vinu Mohan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis (EEC) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Edakkattuparambil Sidharth Shibu
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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31
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Sakthivel NA, Jupally VR, Eswaramoorthy SK, Wijesinghe KH, Nimmala PR, Kumara C, Rambukwella M, Jones T, Dass A. Size Exclusion Chromatography: An Indispensable Tool for the Isolation of Monodisperse Gold Nanomolecules. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3987-3996. [PMID: 33606508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Highly monodisperse and pure samples of atomically precise gold nanomolecules (AuNMs) are essential to understand their properties and to develop applications using them. Unfortunately, the synthetic protocols that yield a single-sized nanomolecule in a single-step reaction are unavailable. Instead, we observe a polydisperse product with a mixture of core sizes. This product requires post-synthetic reactions and separation techniques to isolate pure nanomolecules. Solvent fractionation based on the varying solubility of different sizes serves well to a certain extent in isolating pure compounds. It becomes tedious and offers less control while separating AuNMs that are very similar in size. Here, we report the versatile and the indispensable nature of using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) as a tool for separating nanomolecules and nanoparticles. We have demonstrated the following: (1) the ease of separation offered by SEC over solvent fractionation; (2) the separation of a wider size range (∼5-200 kDa or ∼1-3 nm) and larger-scale separation (20-100 mg per load); (3) the separation of closely sized AuNMs, demonstrated by purifying Au137(SR)56 from a mixture of Au329(SR)84, Au144(SR)60, Au137(SR)56, and Au130(SR)50, which could not be achieved using solvent fractionation; (4) the separation of AuNMs protected by different thiolate ligands (aliphatic, aromatic, and bulky); and (5) the separation can be improved by increasing the column length. Mass spectrometry was used for analyzing the SEC fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Arjun Sakthivel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Vijay Reddy Jupally
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Senthil Kumar Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Kalpani Hirunika Wijesinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Praneeth Reddy Nimmala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Chanaka Kumara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Milan Rambukwella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Tanya Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Amala Dass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
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Ponce A, Aguilar JA, Tate J, Yacamán MJ. Advances in the electron diffraction characterization of atomic clusters and nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:311-325. [PMID: 36131739 PMCID: PMC9417509 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00590h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles and metallic clusters continue to make a remarkable impact on novel and emerging technologies. In recent years, there have been impressive advances in the controlled synthesis of clusters and their advanced characterization. One of the most common ways to determine the structures of nanoparticles and clusters is by means of X-ray diffraction methods. However, this requires the clusters to crystallize in a similar way to those used in protein studies, which is not possible in many cases. Novel methods based on electron diffraction have been used to efficiently study individual nanoparticles and clusters and these can overcome the obstacles commonly encountered during X-ray diffraction methods without the need for large crystals. These novel methodologies have improved with advances in electron microscopy instrumentation and electron detection. Here, we review advanced methodologies for characterizing metallic nanoparticles and clusters using a variety of electron diffraction procedures. These include selected area electron diffraction, nanobeam diffraction, coherent electron diffraction, precession electron diffraction, scanning transmission electron microcopy diffraction, and high throughput data analytics, which leverage deep learning to reduce the propensity for data errors and translate nanometer and atomic scale measurements into material data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Ponce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio Texas 78249 USA
| | - Jeffery A Aguilar
- Idaho National Laboratory, Nuclear Science and Technology Division Idaho Falls Idaho 83415 USA
- Lockheed Martin Space, Advanced Technology Center Palo Alto California 94304 USA
| | - Jess Tate
- University of Utah, Scientific Computing Imaging Institute, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Miguel José Yacamán
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, Center for Materials Interfaces in Research and Applications, Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA
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33
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Khatun E, Pradeep T. New Routes for Multicomponent Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:1-16. [PMID: 33458454 PMCID: PMC7807469 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs), protected by a monolayer of ligands, are regarded as potential building blocks for advanced technologies. They are considered as intermediates between the atomic/molecular regime and the bulk. Incorporation of foreign metals in NCs enhances several of their properties such as catalytic activity, luminescence, and so on; hence, it is of high importance for tuning their properties and broadening the scope of applications. In most of the cases, enhancement in specific properties was observed upon alloying due to the synergistic effect. In the past several years, many alloy clusters have been synthesized, which show a tremendous change in the properties than their monometallic analogs. However, controlling the synthesis and tuning the structures of alloy NCs with atomic precision are major challenges. Various synthetic methodologies have been developed so far for the controlled synthesis of alloy NCs. In this perspective, we have highlighted those diverse synthetic routes to prepare alloys, which include co-reduction, galvanic reduction, antigalvanic reduction, metal deposition, ligand exchange, intercluster reaction, and reaction of NCs with bulk metals. Advancement in synthetic procedures will help in the preparation of alloy NCs with the desired structure and composition. Future perceptions concerning the progress of alloy nanocluster science are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Khatun
- Department of Chemistry,
DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence
(TUE), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- Department of Chemistry,
DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence
(TUE), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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34
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Maman MP, Nair AS, Abdul Hakkim Nazeeja AM, Pathak B, Mandal S. Synergistic Effect of Bridging Thiolate and Hub Atoms for the Aromaticity Driven Symmetry Breaking in Atomically Precise Gold Nanocluster. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10052-10059. [PMID: 33179940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The symmetry of atomically precise nanoclusters is influenced by the specific geometry of the kernel and the arrangement of staple motifs. To understanding the role of ligand and its effect on the breaking of symmetry during ligand exchange transformation, it is necessary to have a mechanism of transformation in an atomically precise manner. Herein, we report the structural transformation from bipyramidal kernel to icosahedral kernel via ligand exchange. The transformation of [Au23(CHT)16]- to [Au25(2-NPT)18]- through ligand (aromatic) exchange revealed two important principles. First, the combined effort of experimental and theoretical study on structural analysis elucidated the mechanism of this structural transformation where "bridging thiolate" and "hub" gold atoms play a crucial role. Second, we have found that the higher crystal symmetry of the Au23 cluster is broken to lower crystal symmetry during the ligand exchange process. This showed that during ligand exchange, the hub atoms and μ3-S atoms get distorted and contributed to the ligand-staple motif formation. These phenomena specified that the ligand effects might be the pivotal factor to impose lower symmetry of the crystal system in the product clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju P Maman
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O, Trivandrum 695551, India
| | - Akhil S Nair
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | | | - Biswarup Pathak
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O, Trivandrum 695551, India
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35
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Distance makes a difference in crystalline photoluminescence. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5572. [PMID: 33149132 PMCID: PMC7643180 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystallization-induced photoluminescence weakening was recently revealed in ultrasmall metal nanoparticles. However, the fundamentals of the phenomenon are not understood yet. By obtaining conformational isomer crystals of gold nanoclusters, we investigate crystallization-induced photoluminescence weakening and reveal that the shortening of interparticle distance decreases photoluminescence, which is further supported by high-pressure photoluminescence experiments. To interpret this, we propose a distance-dependent non-radiative transfer model of excitation electrons and support it with additional theoretical and experimental results. This model can also explain both aggregation-induced quenching and aggregation-induced emission phenomena. This work improves our understanding of aggregated-state photoluminescence, contributes to the concept of conformational isomerism in nanoclusters, and demonstrates the utility of high pressure studies in nanochemistry.
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Hirai H, Ito S, Takano S, Koyasu K, Tsukuda T. Ligand-protected gold/silver superatoms: current status and emerging trends. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12233-12248. [PMID: 34094434 PMCID: PMC8162828 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monolayer-protected gold/silver clusters have attracted much interest as nano-scale building units for novel functional materials owing to their nonbulk-like structures and size-specific properties. They can be viewed as ligand-protected superatoms because their magic stabilities and fundamental properties are well explained in the framework of the jellium model. In the last decade, the number of ligand-protected superatoms with atomically-defined structures has been increasing rapidly thanks to the well-established synthesis and structural determination by X-ray crystallography. This perspective summarizes the current status and emerging trends in synthesis and characterization of superatoms. The topics related to synthesis include (1) development of targeted synthesis based on transformation, (2) enhancement of robustness and synthetic yield for practical applications, and (3) development of controlled fusion and assembly of well-defined superatoms to create new properties. New characterization approaches are also introduced such as (1) mass spectrometry and laser spectroscopies in the gas phase, (2) determination of static and dynamic structures, and (3) computational analysis by machine learning. Finally, future challenges and prospects are discussed for further promotion and development of materials science of superatoms. This perspective summarizes the current status and emerging trends in synthesis and characterization of ligand-protected gold/silver superatoms.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haru Hirai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shun Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kiichirou Koyasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan .,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University Katsura Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan .,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University Katsura Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
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Abstract
Nanocrystals are a state-of-matter in the border area between molecules and bulk materials. Unlike bulk materials, nanocrystals have size-dependent properties, yet the question remains whether nanocrystal properties can be analyzed, understood, and controlled with atomic precision, a key characteristic of molecules. Acknowledging the inclination of nanocrystals to form defect structures, we first outline the prospects of atomically precise analysis. A broad spectrum of analytical methods has become available over the last five years, such that for heterogeneous nanocrystal ensembles, a single, atomically precise representative structure can be determined to explore structure-property relations. Atomically precise synthesis, on the other hand, remains an outstanding challenge that may well face fundamental limitations. However, to amplify properties and prepare nanocrystals for specific applications, full atomic precision may not be needed. Examples of an atomic precision light approach, focusing on exact thickness or facet control, exist and can inspire scientists to explore atomic precision in nanocrystal research further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeger Hens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan De Roo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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38
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Pussi K, Barbiellini B, Ohara K, Carbo-Argibay E, Kolen'ko YV, Bansil A, Kamali S. Structural properties of PbTe quantum dots revealed by high-energy x-ray diffraction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:485401. [PMID: 32726769 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abaa80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-energy x-ray diffraction (HE-XRD) experiments combined with an analysis based on atomic-pair-distribution functions can be an effective tool for probing low-dimensional materials. Here, we show how such an analysis can be used to gain insight into structural properties of PbTe nanoparticles (NPs). We interpret our HE-XRD data using an orthorhombic Pnma phase of PbTe, which is an orthorhombic distortion of the rocksalt phase. Although local crystal geometry can vary substantially with particle size at scales below 10 nm, and for very small NPs the particle size itself influences x-ray diffraction patterns, our study shows that HE-XRD can provide a unique nano-characterization tool for unraveling structural properties of nanoscale systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pussi
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering Science, LUT University, FI-53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - B Barbiellini
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering Science, LUT University, FI-53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - K Ohara
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - E Carbo-Argibay
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Y V Kolen'ko
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - A Bansil
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - S Kamali
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN 37388, United States of America
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, United States of America
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39
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Sakthivel NA, Shabaninezhad M, Sementa L, Yoon B, Stener M, Whetten RL, Ramakrishna G, Fortunelli A, Landman U, Dass A. The Missing Link: Au191(SPh-tBu)66 Janus Nanoparticle with Molecular and Bulk-Metal-like Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15799-15814. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naga Arjun Sakthivel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Masoud Shabaninezhad
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, United States
| | - Luca Sementa
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa I-56124, Italy
| | - Bokwon Yoon
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mauro Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste I-34127, Italy
| | - Robert L. Whetten
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, United States
| | - Guda Ramakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, United States
| | | | - Uzi Landman
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Amala Dass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Keen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
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41
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Christiansen TL, Cooper SR, Jensen KMØ. There's no place like real-space: elucidating size-dependent atomic structure of nanomaterials using pair distribution function analysis. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2234-2254. [PMID: 36133369 PMCID: PMC9418950 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00120a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The development of new functional materials builds on an understanding of the intricate relationship between material structure and properties, and structural characterization is a crucial part of materials chemistry. However, elucidating the atomic structure of nanomaterials remains a challenge using conventional diffraction techniques due to the lack of long-range atomic order. Over the past decade, Pair Distribution Function (PDF) analysis of X-ray or neutron total scattering data has become a mature and well-established method capable of giving insight into the atomic structure in nanomaterials. Here, we review the use of PDF analysis and modelling in characterization of a range of different nanomaterials that exhibit unique atomic structure compared to the corresponding bulk materials. A brief introduction to PDF analysis and modelling is given, followed by examples of how essential structural information can be extracted from PDFs using both model-free and advanced modelling methods. We put an emphasis on how the intuitive nature of the PDF can be used for understanding important structural motifs, and on the diversity of applications of PDF analysis to nanostructure problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan R Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Kirsten M Ø Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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42
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Marson D, Posel Z, Posocco P. Molecular Features for Probing Small Amphiphilic Molecules with Self-Assembled Monolayer-Protected Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5671-5679. [PMID: 32348150 PMCID: PMC8007095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sensing of small molecules poses the challenge of developing devices able to discriminate between compounds that may be structurally very similar. Here, attention has been paid to the use of self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-protected gold nanoparticles since they enable a modular approach to tune single-molecule affinity and selectivity simply by changing functional moieties (i.e., covering ligands), along with multivalent molecular recognition. To date, the discovery of monolayers suitable for a specific molecular target has relied on trial-and-error approaches, with ligand chemistry being the main criterion used to modulate selectivity and sensitivity. By using molecular dynamics, we showcase that either individual molecular characteristics and/or collective features such as ligand flexibility, monolayer organization, ligand local ordering, and interfacial solvent properties can also be exploited conveniently. The knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that drive the recognition of small molecules on SAM-covered nanoparticles will critically expand our ability to manipulate and control such supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Marson
- Department
of Engineering and Architecture, University
of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Zbyšek Posel
- Department
of Engineering and Architecture, University
of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Department
of Informatics, Jan Evangelista Purkyně
University, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Paola Posocco
- Department
of Engineering and Architecture, University
of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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43
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Rival JV, Shibu ES. Light-Triggered Reversible Supracolloidal Self-Assembly of Precision Gold Nanoclusters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:14569-14577. [PMID: 32176481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer thiol-protected noble metal nanoclusters are attractive nanoscale building blocks for well-defined colloidal superstructures. However, achieving facile reversible self-assembly of nanoclusters using external stimuli is still in its infancy. Herein, we report the synthesis and photon-assisted reversible self-assembly of thiolated azobenzene-stapled Au25 nanoclusters. Photoactivation of functionalized nanoclusters in dichloromethane by irradiating ultraviolet light at 345 nm results in a visual change and formation of disc-like colloidal superstructures (d ∼ 100-1000 nm). The superstructures readily disassemble into individual nanoclusters upon irradiating with visible light at 435 nm. Systematic changes in both the electronic absorption bands and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of chromophores in solution suggest that the photoisomerization of surface ligands drives the self-assembly. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron tomographic reconstruction, dynamic light scattering, and small-angle X-ray powder diffraction show that the disc-like superstructures contain densely packed nanoclusters. Long-range self-assembly and disassembly under ultraviolet and visible light, respectively, demonstrate reversible photoswitching in nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Rival
- Smart Materials Lab, Functional Materials Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Edakkattuparambil Sidharth Shibu
- Smart Materials Lab, Functional Materials Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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44
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Structure of Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles Extracted via Pair Distribution Functions. CONDENSED MATTER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/condmat5010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The structure of nanoparticles has been difficult to determine accurately because the traditional structure methods rely on large monocrystals. Here, we discuss the structure of nanoparticles based on real-space modeling of the pair distribution function obtained by a Fourier transformation of the high-energy X-ray scattering structure factor. In particular, we consider X-ray scattering data taken from colloidal manganese oxide nanoparticles used in Lithium-ion batteries, air-purification, and biomedical systems, which are known to exist in various nanometer-sized polymorphs. Insight is thus obtained into characterizing the structural relaxation of the MnO6 octahedra, which are the key building blocks of oxide nanoparticles, important in many technologies.
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45
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Palencia C, Yu K, Boldt K. The Future of Colloidal Semiconductor Magic-Size Clusters. ACS NANO 2020; 14:1227-1235. [PMID: 32003556 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Atomically defined, zero-dimensional magic-size clusters play pivotal roles in the nucleation and growth of semiconductor nanocrystals. Thus, they provide new opportunities to understand and to control nucleation and growth reactions beyond classical nucleation theory and to employ these reactions in the colloidal synthesis of increasingly complex and anisotropic nanomaterials with atomic level monodispersity. Both challenges require reliable determination of the exact structure and size of these ultrasmall and metastable nanoclusters. In this Perspective, we review and discuss the current challenges in analytics of magic-size clusters, in elucidating their formation mechanism, and in using them as next-generation reagents in colloidal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Palencia
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, CUI-AIM , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610065 , P. R. China
| | - Klaus Boldt
- Department of Chemistry & Zukunftskolleg , University of Konstanz , Universitätsstraße 10 , 78457 Konstanz , Germany
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46
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Peng C, Yu M, Zheng J. In Situ Ligand-Directed Growth of Gold Nanoparticles in Biological Tissues. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1378-1382. [PMID: 31880943 PMCID: PMC8667869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental understandings and precise control of nanoparticle growth in the complex biological environment are crucial to broadening their potential applications in tissue imaging. Herein, we report that glutathione (GSH), a widely used capping ligand for precise control of the size of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) down to single-atom level in test tubes, can also be used to direct the selective growth of the AuNPs in the mitochondria of renal tubule cells as well as hippocampus cells in the tissues. Precise control of this growth process can lead to the formation of both ultrasmall AuNPs with near-infrared luminescence and large plasmonic AuNPs. The observed selective growth of the AuNPs is likely due to unique GSH storage function of the mitochondria. Using a different ligand, β-glucose thiol, we also found that the brush border of the intestine for glucose absorption became the major site for the growth of luminescent AuNPs. These findings suggest that selective growth of AuNPs in the biological tissues can indeed be directed with specific ligands, opening up a new avenue to tissue labeling and future development of artificial bionano hybrid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Mengxiao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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47
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Lindahl Christiansen T, Kjær ETS, Kovyakh A, Röderen ML, Høj M, Vosch T, Jensen KMØ. Structure analysis of supported disordered molybdenum oxides using pair distribution function analysis and automated cluster modelling. J Appl Crystallogr 2020; 53:148-158. [PMID: 32047409 PMCID: PMC6998784 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576719016832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum oxides and sulfides on various low-cost high-surface-area supports are excellent catalysts for several industrially relevant reactions. The surface layer structure of these materials is, however, difficult to characterize due to small and disordered MoO x domains. Here, it is shown how X-ray total scattering can be applied to gain insights into the structure through differential pair distribution function (d-PDF) analysis, where the scattering signal from the support material is subtracted to obtain structural information on the supported structure. MoO x catalysts supported on alumina nanoparticles and on zeolites are investigated, and it is shown that the structure of the hydrated molybdenum oxide layer is closely related to that of disordered and polydisperse polyoxometalates. By analysing the PDFs with a large number of automatically generated cluster structures, which are constructed in an iterative manner from known polyoxometalate clusters, information is derived on the structural motifs in supported MoO x .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emil T. S. Kjær
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Anton Kovyakh
- Niels Bohr Institute and Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
- Danish Technological Institute (DTI), Nano Production and Micro Analysis, Taastrup, 2630, Denmark
| | - Morten L. Röderen
- Danish Technological Institute (DTI), Nano Production and Micro Analysis, Taastrup, 2630, Denmark
| | - Martin Høj
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Tom Vosch
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
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48
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Sudheeshkumar V, Sulaiman KO, Scott RWJ. Activation of atom-precise clusters for catalysis. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:55-69. [PMID: 36133968 PMCID: PMC9417207 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00549h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of atom-precise, ligand-protected metal clusters has exceptional promise towards the fabrication of model supported-nanoparticle heterogeneous catalysts which have controlled sizes and compositions. One major challenge in the field involves the ease at which metallic clusters sinter upon removal of protected ligands, thus destroying the structural integrity of the model system. This review focuses on methods used to activate atom-precise thiolate-stabilized clusters for heterogeneous catalysis, and strategies that can be used to mitigate sintering. Thermal activation is the most commonly employed approach to activate atom-precise metal clusters, though a variety of chemical and photochemical activation strategies have also been reported. Material chemistry methods that can mitigate sintering are also explored, which include overcoating of clusters with metal oxide supports fabricated by sol-gel chemistry or atomic layer deposition of thin oxide films or encapsulating clusters within porous supports. In addition to focusing on the preservation of the size and morphology of deprotected metal clusters, the fate of the removed ligands is also explored, because detached and/or oxidized ligands can also greatly influence the overall properties of the catalyst systems. We also show that modern characterization techniques such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy have the capacity to enable careful monitoring of particle sintering upon activation of metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sudheeshkumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan 110 Science Place Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 Canada
| | - Kazeem O Sulaiman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan 110 Science Place Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 Canada
| | - Robert W J Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan 110 Science Place Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 Canada
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49
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Banerjee S, Liu CH, Jensen KMØ, Juhás P, Lee JD, Tofanelli M, Ackerson CJ, Murray CB, Billinge SJL. Cluster-mining: an approach for determining core structures of metallic nanoparticles from atomic pair distribution function data. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2020; 76:24-31. [PMID: 31908346 PMCID: PMC7045905 DOI: 10.1107/s2053273319013214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel approach for finding and evaluating structural models of small metallic nanoparticles is presented. Rather than fitting a single model with many degrees of freedom, libraries of clusters from multiple structural motifs are built algorithmically and individually refined against experimental pair distribution functions. Each cluster fit is highly constrained. The approach, called cluster-mining, returns all candidate structure models that are consistent with the data as measured by a goodness of fit. It is highly automated, easy to use, and yields models that are more physically realistic and result in better agreement to the data than models based on cubic close-packed crystallographic cores, often reported in the literature for metallic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Banerjee
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Chia Hao Liu
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kirsten M Ø Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Pavol Juhás
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Jennifer D Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marcus Tofanelli
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Simon J L Billinge
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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50
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Liu S, Yu Q, Zhang C, Zhang M, Rowell N, Fan H, Huang W, Yu K, Liang B. Transformation of ZnS Precursor Compounds to Magic-Size Clusters Exhibiting Optical Absorption Peaking at 269 nm. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2019; 11:75-82. [PMID: 31841003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shangpu Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qiyu Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Hongsong Fan
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
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