1
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Yang R, Shi X, Ye Q, Li Q, Zhang Q, Li D, Jiang D. Molybdenum diselenide/polymeric carbon nitride dual-homojunction photocatalyst with multi-step charge transfer for efficient catalytic carbon dioxide reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 673:985-996. [PMID: 38959699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Due to the high dissociation energy of carbon dioxide (CO2) and sluggish charge transfer dynamics, photocatalytic CO2 reduction with high performance remains a huge challenge. Herein, we report a novel dual-homojunction photocatalyst comprising of cyano/cyanamide groups co-modified carbon nitride (CN-TH) intramolecular homojunction and 1 T/2H-MoSe2 homojunction (denoted as 1 T/2H-MoSe2/CN-TH) for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction. In this dual-homojunction photocatalyst, the intramolecular CN-TH homojunction could promote the intralayer charge separation and transfer owing to the strong electron-withdrawing capabilities of the two-type cyanamide, while the 1 T/2H-MoSe2 homojunction mainly contributes to a promote interlayer charge transport of CN-TH. This could consequently induce a tandem multi-step charge transfer and accelerate the charge transfer dynamics, resulting in enhanced CO2 reduction activities. Thanks to this tandem multi-step charge transfer, the optimized 1 T/2H-MoSe2/CN-TH dual-homojunction photocatalyst presented a high CO yield of 27.36 μmol·g-1·h-1, which is 3.58 and 2.87 times higher than those of 1 T/2H-MoSe2/CN and 2H-MoSe2/CN-TH single homojunctions, respectively. This work provides a novel strategy for efficient CO2 reduction via achieving a tandem multi-step charge transfer through designing dual-homojunction photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiangli Shi
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Qianjin Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Qin Li
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Di Li
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Deli Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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2
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Li D, Li Q, Zhang Q, Yang R, Ye Q, Tian D, Jiang D. Integrating bimetallic borides with g-C 3N 4 containing cyanamide defects for efficient photocatalytic nitrogen fixation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 672:631-641. [PMID: 38865877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The sustainable generation of ammonia by photocatalytic nitrogen fixation under mild conditions is fascinating compared to conventional industrial processes. Nevertheless, owing to the low charge transfer efficiency, the insufficient light absorption capacity and limited active sites of the photocatalyst cause the difficult adsorption and activation of N2 molecules, thereby resulting in a low photocatalytic conversion efficiency. Herein, a novel bimetallic CoMoB nanosheets (CoMoB) co-catalyst modified carbon nitride with dual moiety defects (CN-TH3/3) Schottky junction photocatalyst is designed for photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). The photocatalytic nitrogen reduction rate of the optimized CoMoB/CN-TH3/3 photocatalyst is 4.81 mM·g-1·h-1, which is 6.2 and 2.2 times higher than carbon nitride (CN) (0.78 mM·g-1·h-1) and CN-TH3/3 (2.21 mM·g-1·h-1), respectively. The excellent photocatalytic NRR performance is ascribed not only to the introduction of dual moiety defects (cyano and cyanamide groups) that extends the visible light absorption range and promotes exciton polarization dissociation, but also to the formation of interfacial electric field between CoMoB and CN-TH3/3, which effectively facilitates the interfacial charge transfer. Thus, the synergistic interaction between CN-TH3/3 and CoMoB further increases the electron numble of CoMoB active sites, which effectively strengthens the adsorption and activation of N2 and weakens the NN triple bond, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic NRR activity. This work highlights the introduced dual moiety defects and bimetallic CoMoB co-catalyst to synergistically enhance the photocatalytic nitrogen reduction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Li
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qin Li
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ran Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qianjin Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dan Tian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Deli Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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3
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Zhang G, Xu Y, Zhang P, He C, Mi H. Suppressing Nonradiative Recombination through Dielectric Screening of Defects in Crystalline Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39397776 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Abundant defect-induced nonradiative recombination greatly reduces the charge separation efficiency in photocatalysts. Dielectric screening of defects has been proven to be an effective strategy to improve the charge separation efficiency; however, it has been rarely reported in photocatalysis. Here, a developed calcium poly(heptazine imide) (CaPHI) is utilized as a model photocatalyst to explore the dielectric screening of defects. Through embedding potassium ions in CaPHI, the dipole moment and polarity of the PHI structure are increased, thus enhancing the dielectric constant and enabling the dielectric screening of defects. In addition, compared to the original CaPHI, the optimized Ca/KPHI exhibits a 79.3% reduction in defect capture cross-section, and a decrease in the nonradiative recombination rate from 0.6224 to 0.1452 ns-1, thus achieving an apparent quantum efficiency of 51.4% for H2 production at 420 nm. This proposed dielectric screening strategy effectively addresses the issue of slow carrier transport and separation caused by defect-induced nonradiative recombination in photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhang
- School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, China
| | - Yangsen Xu
- Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Peixin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Chuanxin He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Hongwei Mi
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
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4
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Ohemeng PO, Godin R. Surface properties of carbon nitride materials used in photocatalytic systems for energy and environmental applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39347587 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03898c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The use of photocatalytic systems involving semiconductor materials for environmental and energy applications, such as water remediation and clean energy production, is highly significant. In line with this, a family of carbon-based polymeric materials known as carbon nitride (CNx) has emerged as a promising candidate for this purpose. Despite CNx's remarkable characteristics of performance, stability, and visible light responsiveness, its chemical inertness and poor surface properties hinder interfacial interactions, which are key to effective catalysis. This highlight reviews the literature focusing on the surface chemistry of CNx, especially its structural formation pathway, reactivity, and solvent interactions. It also explores recent advancements in the use of modified CNx for hydrogen production and arsenic remediation, offering recommendations for future material design improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Osei Ohemeng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Robert Godin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Okanagan Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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5
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Zhou M, Wang H, Liu R, Liu Z, Xiao X, Li W, Gao C, Lu Z, Jiang Z, Shi W, Xiong Y. Construction of Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Poly(heptazine Imide) Nanosheets via Hydrogen Bonds for Boosting CO 2 Photoreduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407468. [PMID: 38847274 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
The creation of frustrated Lewis pairs on catalyst surface is an effective strategy for tuning CO2 activation. The critical step in the formation of frustrated Lewis pairs is the spatial effect of proximal Lewis acid-Lewis base pairs. Here, we demonstrate a facile surface functionalization methodology that enables hydrogen bonding between N and H atoms to mediate the construction of frustrated Lewis pairs in poly(heptazine imide), thereby increasing the propensity to activate CO2 molecules. Experimental and theoretical results show that the construction of active hydrogen bonding regions can facilitate the bending of CO2 molecules. Furthermore, the delocalization of electron clouds induced by the hydrogen bonding-mediated frustrated Lewis pairs can promote the heterolytic cleavage and photocatalytic conversion of CO2. This work highlights the potential of utilizing hydrogen bonding-mediated strategy in heterogeneously photocatalytic activation of CO2 over polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Haozhi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Pico Electron Microscopy of Hainan Province, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Rong Liu
- Anhui Engineering Research Center of Carbon Neutrality, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, 241002, Wuhu, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zheyang Liu
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xinyan Xiao
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Weilin Li
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Anhui Engineering Research Center of Carbon Neutrality, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, 241002, Wuhu, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zhifeng Jiang
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Shi
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Xiong
- Anhui Engineering Research Center of Carbon Neutrality, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, 241002, Wuhu, Anhui, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
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6
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Wu H, Wang J, Sun H, Jing H, Teng Z, Ou W, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Liu B, Su C. Heterogeneous photocatalytic methanol oxidation coupled with oxygen reduction toward pyrimidines synthesis. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:2496-2500. [PMID: 38942697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Wu
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hongli Sun
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haochuan Jing
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhenyuan Teng
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999007, China
| | - Wei Ou
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhaofei Zhang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yangsen Xu
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999007, China
| | - Chenliang Su
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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7
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Liang S, Wu Q, Wang C, Wang R, Li D, Xing Y, Jin D, Ma H, Liu Y, Zhang P, Zhang X. Sustainable H 2O 2 production via solution plasma catalysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2410504121. [PMID: 39150782 PMCID: PMC11348095 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2410504121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Clean production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with water, oxygen, and renewable energy is considered an important green synthesis route, offering a valuable substitute for the traditional anthraquinone method. Currently, renewable energy-driven production of H2O2 mostly relies on soluble additives, such as electrolytes and sacrificial agents, inevitably compromising the purity and sustainability of H2O2. Herein, we develop a solution plasma catalysis technique that eliminates the need for soluble additives, enabling eco-friendly production of concentrated H2O2 directly from water and O2. Screening over 40 catalysts demonstrates the superior catalytic performance of carbon nitride interacting with discharge plasma in water. High-throughput density functional theory calculations for 68 models, along with machine learning using 29 descriptors, identify cyano carbon nitride (CCN) as the most efficient catalyst. Solution plasma catalysis with the CCN achieves concentrated H2O2 of 20 mmol L-1, two orders of magnitude higher than photocatalysis by the same catalyst. Plasma diagnostics, isotope labeling, and COMSOL simulations collectively validate that the interplay of solution plasma and the CCN accounts for the significantly increased production of singlet oxygen and H2O2 thereafter. Our findings offer an efficient and sustainable pathway for H2O2 production, promising wide-ranging applications across the chemical industry, public health, and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ultraviolet-Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ultraviolet-Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Changhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ultraviolet-Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ultraviolet-Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Dashuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Ultraviolet-Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Yanmei Xing
- Key Laboratory of Ultraviolet-Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Dexin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Ultraviolet-Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - He Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ultraviolet-Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ultraviolet-Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, HalifaxB3H 4J3, Canada
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ultraviolet-Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
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8
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Ding C, Yang L, Lu X, Chi H, Yang Y, Yuan J, Wang X, Wu X, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zou Z. Outstanding CO 2 Photoreduction in Single-Atom Thulium Modified Carbon Nitride. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2406329. [PMID: 39120492 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202406329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
CO2 reduction photocatalysts are favorable for obtaining renewable energy. Enriched active sites and effective photogenerated-carriers separation are keys for improving CO2 photo-reduction. A thulium (Tm) single atom tailoring strategy introducing carbon vacancies in porous tubular graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) surpassing the ever-reported g-C3N4 based photocatalysts, with 199.47 µmol g-1 h-1 CO yield, 96.8% CO selectivity, 0.84% apparent quantum efficiency and excellent photocatalytic stability, is implemented in this work. Results revealed that in-plane Tm sites and interlayer-bridged Tm-N charge transfer channels significantly enhanced the aggregation/transfer of photogenerated electrons thus promoting CO2 adsorption/activation and contributing to *COOH intermediates formation. Meanwhile, Tm atoms and carbon vacancies both benefit for rich active sites and enhanced photogenerated-charge separation, thus optimizing reaction pathway and leading to excellent CO2 photo-reduction. This work not only provides guidelines for CO2 photo-reduction catalysts design but also offers mechanistic insights into single-atom based photocatalysts for solar fuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, P. R. China
- Kunshan Sunlaite New Energy Co. Ltd., Kunshan Innovation Institute of Nanjing University, No. 1666, South Zuchongzhi Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215347, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Lu
- PetroChina Shenzhen New Energy Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518052, P. R. China
| | - Haoqiang Chi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (MOE), Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Junyang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xinglong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yongcai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hongkong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hongkong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
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9
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Gao Q, Qi W, Li Y, Wei Y, Wu Y, Liang X, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Wang P, Chen Q, Chen X, Zhu Y. Regulating Local Electron Density of Cyano Sites in Graphitic Nitride Carbon by Giant Internal Electric Field for Efficient CO 2 Photoreduction to Hydrocarbons. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404822. [PMID: 39096107 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Selective photocatalytic CO2 reduction to high-value hydrocarbons using graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) polymer holds great practical significance. Herein, the cyano-functionalized g-C3N4 (CN-g-C3N4) with a high local electron density site is successfully constructed for selective CO2 photoreduction to CH4 and C2H4. Wherein the potent electron-withdrawing cyano group induces a giant internal electric field in CN-g-C3N4, significantly boosting the directional migration of photogenerated electrons and concentrating them nearby. Thereby, a high local electron density site around its cyano group is created. Moreover, this structure can also effectively promote the adsorption and activation of CO2 while firmly anchoring *CO intermediates, facilitating their subsequent hydrogenation and coupling reactions. Consequently, using H2O as a reducing agent, CN-g-C3N4 achieves efficient and selective photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CH4 and C2H4 activity, with maximum rates of 6.64 and 1.35 µmol g-1 h-1, respectively, 69.3 and 53.8 times higher than bulk g-C3N4 and g-C3N4 nanosheets. In short, this work illustrates the importance of constructing a reduction site with high local electron density for efficient and selective CO2 photoreduction to hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Qi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yongpeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Xianjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yongfa Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
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10
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Teng Z, Yang H, Zhang Q, Cai W, Lu YR, Kato K, Zhang Z, Ding J, Sun H, Liu S, Wang C, Chen P, Yamakata A, Chan TS, Su C, Ohno T, Liu B. Atomically dispersed low-valent Au boosts photocatalytic hydroxyl radical production. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1250-1260. [PMID: 38918581 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Providing affordable, safe drinking water and universal sanitation poses a grand societal challenge. Here we developed atomically dispersed Au on potassium-incorporated polymeric carbon nitride material that could simultaneously boost photocatalytic generation of ·OH and H2O2 with an apparent quantum efficiency over 85% at 420 nm. Potassium introduction into the poly(heptazine imide) matrix formed strong K-N bonds and rendered Au with an oxidation number close to 0. Extensive experimental characterization and computational simulations revealed that the low-valent Au altered the materials' band structure to trap highly localized holes produced under photoexcitation. These highly localized holes could boost the 1e- water oxidation reaction to form highly oxidative ·OH and simultaneously dissociate the hydrogen atom in H2O, which greatly promoted the reduction of oxygen to H2O2. The photogenerated ·OH led to an efficiency enhancement for visible-light-response superhydrophilicity. Furthermore, photo-illumination in an onsite fixed-bed reactor could disinfect water at a rate of 66 L H2O m-2 per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Teng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongbin Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qitao Zhang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenan Cai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu-shi, Japan
| | - Ying-Rui Lu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kosaku Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama-shi, Japan
| | - Zhenzong Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Han Sun
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Sixiao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chengyin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Akira Yamakata
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama-shi, Japan
| | - Ting-Shan Chan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chenliang Su
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Teruhisa Ohno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu-shi, Japan.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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11
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Zhang B, Genene Z, Wang J, Wang D, Zhao C, Pan J, Liu D, Sun W, Zhu J, Wang E. Facile Synthesis of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Heterojunctions of Glycolated Conjugated Polymer-TiO 2-X for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402649. [PMID: 38949403 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of the organic-inorganic hybrid photocatalysts for water splitting has gained significant attention due to their ability to combine the advantages of both materials and generate synergistic effects. However, they are still far from practical application due to the limited understanding of the interactions between these two components and the complexity of their preparation process. Herein, a facial approach by combining a glycolated conjugated polymer with a TiO2-X mesoporous sphere to prepare high-efficiency hybrid photocatalysts is presented. The functionalization of conjugated polymers with hydrophilic oligo (ethylene glycol) side chains can not only facilitate the dispersion of conjugated polymers in water but also promote the interaction with TiO2-X forming stable heterojunction nanoparticles. An apparent quantum yield of 53.3% at 365 nm and a hydrogen evolution rate of 35.7 mmol h-1 g-1 is achieved by the photocatalyst in the presence of Pt co-catalyst. Advanced photophysical studies based on femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and in situ, XPS analyses reveal the charge transfer mechanism at type II heterojunction interfaces. This work shows the promising prospect of glycolated polymers in the construction of hybrid heterojunctions for photocatalytic hydrogen production and offers a deep understanding of high photocatalytic performance by such heterojunction photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingke Zhang
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 21, Sweden
| | - Zewdneh Genene
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Jinzhong Wang
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jingwen Pan
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 21, Sweden
| | - Donghao Liu
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wenhao Sun
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 21, Sweden
| | - Jiefang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 21, Sweden
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of The Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
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12
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Pelicano CM, Antonietti M. Metal Poly(heptazine imides) as Multifunctional Photocatalysts for Solar Fuel Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406290. [PMID: 38687031 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Solar-driven photocatalysis employing particulate semiconductors represents a promising approach for sustainable production of valuable chemical feedstock. Metal poly(heptazine imide) (MPHI), a novel 2D ionic carbon nitride, has been recognized as an emerging photocatalyst with distinctive properties. In this minireview, we first delineate the forefront innovations of MPHI photocatalysts, spanning from synthetic strategies and solving structures to the exploration of novel properties. We place special emphasis on the structural design principles aimed at developing high-performance MPHI systems toward photocatalytic solar fuel production such as H2 evolution, H2O oxidation, H2O2 production and CO2 reduction. Finally, we discuss crucial insights and challenges in leveraging highly active MPHIs for efficient solar-to-chemical energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mark Pelicano
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
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13
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Wu Q, Jiang H, Ren H, Wu Y, Zhou Y, Chen J, Xu X, Wu X. Surface CN bonds mediate photocatalytic CO 2 reduction into efficient CH 4 production in TiO 2-decorated g-C 3N 4 nanosheets. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 663:825-833. [PMID: 38447397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, CN) has garnered considerable attention in the field of photocatalysis due to its favorable band gap and high specific surface area. However, its primary practical limitation lies in the strong radiative recombination of lone pair (LP) electronic states, leading to limited efficiency in separating photogenerated carriers and subsequently diminishing photocatalytic performance. In this study, we devised and synthesized a heterojunction photocatalytic system comprising TiO2 nanosheets supported on modified g-C3N4 (MCN), designated as MCN/TiO2. The presence of CN functional groups on the tri-s-triazine nitrogen captures photogenerated electrons by modifying LP electronic states, resulting in a reduction in the fluorescence emission intensity of g-C3N4. Simultaneously, it forms chemical bonds with the supported TiO2 nanosheets, creating an efficient electron transfer pathway for the accumulation of photogenerated electrons at the active Ti sites. Experimentally, the MCN/TiO2 photocatalytic system exhibited optimal performance in CO2 reduction. The CH4 production rate reached 26.59 μmol g-1 h-1, surpassing that of TiO2 and CN/TiO2 by approximately 8 and 3 times, respectively. Furthermore, this photocatalytic system demonstrated exceptional photostability over five cycles, each lasting 4 h. This research offers a valuable approach for the efficient separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers in composite materials based on g-C3N4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haojie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School & School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hengdong Ren
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School & School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jian Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures and Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobing Xu
- College of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China.
| | - Xinglong Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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14
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Allasia N, Collins SM, Ramasse QM, Vilé G. Hidden Impurities Generate False Positives in Single Atom Catalyst Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404883. [PMID: 38747260 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are an emerging class of materials, leveraging maximum atom utilization and distinctive structural and electronic properties to bridge heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. Direct imaging methods, such as aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, are commonly applied to confirm the atomic dispersion of active sites. However, interpretations of data from these techniques can be challenging due to simultaneous contributions to intensity from impurities introduced during synthesis processes, as well as any variation in position relative to the focal plane of the electron beam. To address this matter, this paper presents a comprehensive study on two representative SACs containing isolated nickel or copper atoms. Spectroscopic techniques, including X-ray absorption spectroscopy, were employed to prove the high metal dispersion of the catalytic atoms. Employing scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging combined with single-atom-sensitive electron energy loss spectroscopy, we scrutinized thin specimens of the catalysts to provide an unambiguous chemical identification of the observed single-atom species and thereby distinguish impurities from active sites at the single-atom level. Overall, the study underscores the complexity of SACs characterization and establishes the importance of the use of spectroscopy in tandem with imaging at atomic resolution to fully and reliably characterize single-atom catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Allasia
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Sean Michael Collins
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Keckwick Lane, WA4 4AD, Daresbury, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin Mathieu Ramasse
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Keckwick Lane, WA4 4AD, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Physics, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gianvito Vilé
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
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15
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Wang Y, Zhang G, Zhao M, Qi H, Gao T, An L, Sun J. Temperature-dependent excitonic emission characteristics of highly crystallized carbon nitride nanosheets. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:305702. [PMID: 38604151 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad3d63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Highly-crystallized carbon nitride (HCCN) nanosheets exhibit significant potential for advancements in the field of photoelectric conversion. However, to fully exploit their potential, a thorough understanding of the fundamental excitonic photophysical processes is crucial. Here, the temperature-dependent excitonic photoluminescence (PL) of HCCN nanosheets and amorphous polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) is investigated using steady-state and time-resolved PL spectroscopy. The exciton binding energy of HCCN is determined to be 109.26 meV, lower than that of PCN (207.39 meV), which is attributed to the ordered stacking structure of HCCN with a weaker Coulomb interaction between electrons and holes. As the temperature increases, a noticeable reduction in PL lifetime is observed on both the HCCN and PCN, which is ascribed to the thermal activation of carrier trapping by the enhanced electron-phonon coupling effect. The thermal activation energy of HCCN is determined to be 102.9 meV, close to the value of PCN, due to their same band structures. Through wavelength-dependent PL dynamics analysis, we have identified the PL emission of HCCN as deriving from the transitions:σ*-LP,π*-π, andπ*-LP, where theπ*-LP transition dominants the emission because of the high excited state density of the LP state. These results demonstrate the impact of high-crystallinity on the excitonic emission of HCCN materials, thereby expanding their potential applications in the field of photoelectric conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodi Zhang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Gao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin An
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
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16
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Liu Y, Pulignani C, Webb S, Cobb SJ, Rodríguez-Jiménez S, Kim D, Milton RD, Reisner E. Electrostatic [FeFe]-hydrogenase-carbon nitride assemblies for efficient solar hydrogen production. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6088-6094. [PMID: 38665532 PMCID: PMC11040649 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00640b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The assembly of semiconductors as light absorbers and enzymes as redox catalysts offers a promising approach for sustainable chemical synthesis driven by light. However, achieving the rational design of such semi-artificial systems requires a comprehensive understanding of the abiotic-biotic interface, which poses significant challenges. In this study, we demonstrate an electrostatic interaction strategy to interface negatively charged cyanamide modified graphitic carbon nitride (NCNCNX) with an [FeFe]-hydrogenase possessing a positive surface charge around the distal FeS cluster responsible for electron uptake into the enzyme. The strong electrostatic attraction enables efficient solar hydrogen (H2) production via direct interfacial electron transfer (DET), achieving a turnover frequency (TOF) of 18 669 h-1 (4 h) and a turnover number (TON) of 198 125 (24 h). Interfacial characterizations, including quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS), intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS), and transient photocurrent spectroscopy (TPC) have been conducted on the semi-artificial carbon nitride-enzyme system to provide a comprehensive understanding for the future development of photocatalytic hybrid assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Liu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Carolina Pulignani
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Sophie Webb
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva Geneva 41211 Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Geneva Geneva 41211 Switzerland
| | - Samuel J Cobb
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | | | - Dongseok Kim
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Ross D Milton
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva Geneva 41211 Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Geneva Geneva 41211 Switzerland
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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17
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Kumar P, Antal P, Wang X, Wang J, Trivedi D, Fellner OF, Wu YA, Nemec I, Santana VT, Kopp J, Neugebauer P, Hu J, Kibria MG, Kumar S. Partial Thermal Condensation Mediated Synthesis of High-Density Nickel Single Atom Sites on Carbon Nitride for Selective Photooxidation of Methane into Methanol. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304574. [PMID: 38009795 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Direct selective transformation of greenhouse methane (CH4) to liquid oxygenates (methanol) can substitute energy-intensive two-step (reforming/Fischer-Tropsch) synthesis while creating environmental benefits. The development of inexpensive, selective, and robust catalysts that enable room temperature conversion will decide the future of this technology. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) with isolated active centers embedded in support have displayed significant promises in catalysis to drive challenging reactions. Herein, high-density Ni single atoms are developed and stabilized on carbon nitride (NiCN) via thermal condensation of preorganized Ni-coordinated melem units. The physicochemical characterization of NiCN with various analytical techniques including HAADF-STEM and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) validate the successful formation of Ni single atoms coordinated to the heptazine-constituted CN network. The presence of uniform catalytic sites improved visible absorption and carrier separation in densely populated NiCN SAC resulting in 100% selective photoconversion of (CH4) to methanol using H2O2 as an oxidant. The superior catalytic activity can be attributed to the generation of high oxidation (NiIII═O) sites and selective C─H bond cleavage to generate •CH3 radicals on Ni centers, which can combine with •OH radicals to generate CH3OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Peter Antal
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, 77146, Czech Republic
| | - Xiyang Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Interface Foundry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jiu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Dhwanil Trivedi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ondřej František Fellner
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, 77146, Czech Republic
| | - Yimin A Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Interface Foundry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ivan Nemec
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, 77146, Czech Republic
| | - Vinicius Tadeu Santana
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kopp
- Department of Experimental Physics Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 77900, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Neugebauer
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Md Golam Kibria
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, 77146, Czech Republic
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18
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Xu M, Wang R, Fu H, Shi Y, Ling L. Harmonizing the cyano-group and Na to enhance selective photocatalytic O 2 activation on carbon nitride for refractory pollutant degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318787121. [PMID: 38478697 PMCID: PMC10962954 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318787121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Manipulating exciton dissociation and charge-carrier transfer processes to selectively generate free radicals of more robust photocatalytic oxidation capacity for mineralizing refractory pollutants remains challenging. Herein, we propose a strategy by simultaneously introducing the cyano-group and Na into graphitic carbon nitride (CN) to obtain CN-Cy-Na, which makes the charge-carrier transfer pathways the dominant process and consequently achieves the selective generation of free radicals. Briefly, the cyano-group intensifies the local charge density of CN, offering a potential well to attract the hole of exciton, which accelerates the exciton dissociation. Meanwhile, the separated electron transfers efficiently under the robust built-in electric field induced by the cyano-group and Na, and eventually accumulates in the heptazine ring of CN for the following O2 reduction due to the reinforced electron sink effect caused by Na. As a result, CN-Cy-Na exhibits 4.42 mmol L-1 h-1 productivity with 97.6% selectivity for free radicals and achieves 82.1% total organic carbon removal efficiency in the tetracycline photodegradation within 6 h. Additionally, CN-Cy-Na also shows outstanding photodegradation efficiency of refractory pollutants, including antibiotics, pesticide plastic additives, and dyes. This work presents an innovative approach to manipulating the exciton effect and enhancing charge-carrier mobility within two-dimensional photocatalysts, opening an avenue for precise control of free radical generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Ruizhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Haoyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Yanbiao Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Lan Ling
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
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19
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He F, Lu Y, Wu Y, Wang S, Zhang Y, Dong P, Wang Y, Zhao C, Wang S, Zhang J, Wang S. Rejoint of Carbon Nitride Fragments into Multi-Interfacial Order-Disorder Homojunction for Robust Photo-Driven Generation of H 2 O 2. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307490. [PMID: 37939231 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic technology based on carbon nitride (C3 N4 ) offers a sustainable and clean approach for hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) production, but the yield is severely limited by the sluggish hot carriers due to the weak internal electric field. In this study, a novel approach is devised by fragmenting bulk C3 N4 into smaller pieces (CN-NH4 ) and then subjecting it to a directed healing process to create multiple order-disorder interfaces (CN-NH4 -NaK). The resulting junctions in CN-NH4 -NaK significantly boost charge dynamics and facilitate more spatially and orderly separated redox centers. As a result, CN-NH4 -NaK demonstrates outstanding photosynthesis of H2 O2 via both two-step single-electron and one-step double-electron oxygen reduction pathways, achieving a remarkable yield of 16675 µmol h-1 g-1 , excellent selectivity (> 91%), and a prominent solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency exceeding 2.3%. These remarkable results surpass pristine C3 N4 by 158 times and outperform previously reported C3 N4 -based photocatalysts. This work represents a significant advancement in catalyst design and modification technology, inspiring the development of more efficient metal-free photocatalysts for the synthesis of highly valued fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting He
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Yangming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Shuling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Pei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Chaocheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Shuaijun Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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20
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Chueh LC, Lin TJ, Lee HC, Wu JJ. Defective Potassium Poly(Heptazine Imide) Preventing Spin Delocalization and Hole Transfer Deactivation for Efficient Solar Energy Conversion and Storage. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304813. [PMID: 37752747 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Anti-site defective potassium poly(heptazine imide) (KPHI) with the central nitrogen atoms partially replaced by graphitic carbon atoms in the flawed heptazine rings is prepared by direct ionothermal treatment of the rationally designed supramolecular complex in KSCN salt molten. Compared to the KPHIs without the anti-site defect, the anti-site defective KPHI demonstrates significantly improved photocatalytic and dark photocatalytic performances for H2 evolution reaction (HER). In the presence of the hole scavenger, the anti-site defective KPHI exhibits superior photocatalytic stability for HER lasting 20 h, whereas the deactivation is observed from the ordinary KHPIs after 3 h HER. Moreover, the H2 yield in the dark by the stored photoelectrons in the anti-site defective KPHI increases by more than an order of magnitude. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the anti-site defective unit in KPHI not only prevents spin delocalization but also inhibits the deactivation of hole transfer, which are beneficial to photoelectron storage and photocatalytic activity. The findings in this study provide insight into the photophysical and catalytic properties of KPHI, which conclude a strategy to improve the performances for solar energy conversion and storage by incorporating intrinsic anti-site defects in KPHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Che Chueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jen Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Cheng Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jen Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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21
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Song Z, Hou J, Raguin E, Pedersen A, Eren EO, Senokos E, Tarakina NV, Giusto P, Antonietti M. Triazine-Based Graphitic Carbon Nitride Thin Film as a Homogeneous Interphase for Lithium Storage. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2066-2076. [PMID: 38193893 PMCID: PMC10811665 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Triazine-based graphitic carbon nitride is a semiconductor material constituted of cross-linked triazine units, which differs from widely reported heptazine-based carbon nitrides. Its triazine-based structure gives rise to significantly different physical chemical properties from the latter. However, it is still a great challenge to experimentally synthesize this material. Here, we propose a synthesis strategy via vapor-metal interfacial condensation on a planar copper substrate to realize homogeneous growth of triazine-based graphitic carbon nitride films over large surfaces. The triazine-based motifs are clearly shown in transmission electron microscopy with high in-plane crystallinity. An AB-stacking arrangement of the layers is orientationlly parallel to the substrate surface. Eventually, the as-prepared films show dense electrochemical lithium deposition attributed to homogeneous charge transport within this thin film interphase, making it a promising solution for energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Song
- Colloid
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Jing Hou
- Colloid
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Emeline Raguin
- Biomaterials
Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids
and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Angus Pedersen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, SW7 2AZ London, U.K.
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, U.K.
| | - Enis Oǧuzhan Eren
- Colloid
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Evgeny Senokos
- Colloid
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Nadezda V. Tarakina
- Colloid
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Paolo Giusto
- Colloid
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Colloid
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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22
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Elnagar MM, Liessem J, Im C, Mitoraj D, Kibler LA, Neumann C, Turchanin A, Leiter R, Kaiser U, Jacob T, Krivtsov I, Beranek R. Water-soluble ionic carbon nitride as unconventional stabilizer for highly catalytically active ultrafine gold nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:19268-19281. [PMID: 37990869 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafine metal nanoparticles (NPs) hold promise for applications in many fields, including catalysis. However, ultrasmall NPs are typically prone to aggregation, which often leads to performance losses, such as severe deactivation in catalysis. Conventional stabilization strategies (e.g., immobilization, embedding, or surface modification by capping agents) are typically only partly effective and often lead to loss of catalytic activity. Herein, a novel type of stabilizers based on water-soluble ionic (K+ and Na+ containing) polymeric carbon nitride (i.e., K,Na-poly(heptazine imide) = K,Na-PHI) is reported that enables effective stabilization of highly catalytically active ultrafine (size of ∼2-3 nm) gold NPs. Experimental and theoretical comparative studies using different structural units of K,Na-PHI (i.e., cyanurate, melonate, cyamelurate) indicate that the presence of functionalized heptazine moieties is crucial for the synthesis and stabilization of small Au NPs. The K,Na-PHI-stabilized Au NPs exhibit remarkable dispersibility and outstanding stability even in solutions of high ionic strength, which is ascribed to more effective charge delocalization in the large heptazine units, resulting in more effective electrostatic stabilization of Au NPs. The outstanding catalytic performance of Au NPs stabilized by K,Na-PHI is demonstrated using the selective reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by NaBH4 as a model reaction, in which they outperform even the benchmark "naked" Au NPs electrostatically stabilized by excess NaBH4. This work thus establishes ionic carbon nitrides (PHI) as alternative capping agents enabling effective stabilization without compromising surface catalysis, and opens up a route for further developments in utilizing PHI-based stabilizers for the synthesis of high-performance nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Elnagar
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Johannes Liessem
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Changbin Im
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Dariusz Mitoraj
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ludwig A Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Leiter
- Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Igor Krivtsov
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Radim Beranek
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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23
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Zhu X, Xu H, Bi C, Song H, Zhou G, Zhong K, Yang J, Yi J, Xu H, Wang X. Piezo-photocatalysis for efficient charge separation to promote CO 2 photoreduction in nanoclusters. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 101:106653. [PMID: 37918293 PMCID: PMC10638044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The substantial emissions of CO2 greenhouse gases have resulted in severe environmental problems, and research on the implementation of semiconductor materials to minimize CO2 is currently a highly discussed subject. Effective separation of interface charges is a major challenge for efficient piezo-photocatalytic systems. Meanwhile, the ultrasmall-sized metal nanoclusters can shorten the distance of electron transport. Herein, we synthesized Au25(p-MBA)18 nanoclusters (Au25 NCs) modified red graphitic carbon nitride (RCN) nanocatalysts with highly exposed Au active sites by in-situ seed growth method. The loading of Au25 NCs on the RCN surface provides more active sites and creates a long-range ordered electric field. It allows for the direct utilization of the piezoelectric field to separate photogenerated carriers during photo-piezoelectric excitation. Based on the above advantages, the rate of CO2 reduction to CO over Au25 NCs/RCN (111.95 μmol g-1 h-1) was more than triple compared to that of pristine RCN. This paper has positive implication for further application of metal clusters loaded semiconductor for piezo-photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Hangmin Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Chuanzhou Bi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Hao Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Ganghua Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Kang Zhong
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jinman Yang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jianjian Yi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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24
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da Silva MAR, Tarakina NV, Filho JBG, Cunha CS, Rocha GFSR, Diab GAA, Ando RA, Savateev O, Agirrezabal-Telleria I, Silva IF, Stolfi S, Ghigna P, Fagnoni M, Ravelli D, Torelli P, Braglia L, Teixeira IF. Single-Atoms on Crystalline Carbon Nitrides for Selective C─H Photooxidation: A Bridge to Achieve Homogeneous Pathways in Heterogeneous Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304152. [PMID: 37986204 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysis is a field of paramount importance in contemporary science due to its exceptional ability to combine the domains of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Iron and manganese metalloenzymes are known to be effective in C─H oxidation reactions in nature, inspiring scientists to mimic their active sites in artificial catalytic systems. Herein, a simple and versatile cation exchange method is successfully employed to stabilize low-cost iron and manganese single-atoms in poly(heptazine imides) (PHI). The resulting materials are employed as photocatalysts for toluene oxidation, demonstrating remarkable selectivity toward benzaldehyde. The protocol is then extended to the selective oxidation of different substrates, including (substituted) alkylaromatics, benzyl alcohols, and sulfides. Detailed mechanistic investigations revealed that iron- and manganese-containing photocatalysts work through a similar mechanism via the formation of high-valent M═O species. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is employed to confirm the formation of high-valent iron- and manganese-oxo species, typically found in metalloenzymes involved in highly selective C─H oxidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A R da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Nadezda V Tarakina
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - José B G Filho
- Department of Chemistry, ICEx, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Carla S Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Guilherme F S R Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A A Diab
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Augusto Ando
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Oleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Iker Agirrezabal-Telleria
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering of the Bilbao Engineering School, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Torres Quevedo 1, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Ingrid F Silva
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sara Stolfi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghigna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Davide Ravelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Piero Torelli
- TASC Laboratory, CNR-IOM, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Luca Braglia
- TASC Laboratory, CNR-IOM, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Ivo F Teixeira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
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25
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Dahlan NAN, Putri LK, Er CC, Ng BJ, Ooi CW, Tan LL, Chai SP. Effective Low-Powered Photocatalytic Disinfection via Synchronous Introduction of Oxygen Dopants and Carbon Defects in Carbon Nitride. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:53371-53381. [PMID: 37935594 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Establishing an effective metal-free photocatalyst for sustainable applications remains a huge challenge. Herein, we developed ultrathin oxygen-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets with carbon defects (OCvN) photocatalyst via a facile gas bubble template-assisted thermal copolymerization method. A series of OCvN with different dopant amounts ranging from 0 to 10% were synthesized and used as photocatalysts under illumination of low-power (2 × 18 W, 0.18 mW/cm2) and commercially available energy-saving light bulbs. Upon testing for photocatalytic Escherichia coli inactivation, the best-performing sample, OCvN-3, demonstrated an astonishing disinfection activity of over 7-log reduction after 3 h of illumination, boasting an 18-fold improvement in its antibacterial activity compared to that of pristine g-C3N4. The enhanced performance was attributed to the synergistic effects of increased surface area, extended visible light harvesting, improved electronic conductivity, and ultralow resistance to charge transfer. This study successfully introduced a green photocatalyst that demonstrates the most effective disinfection performance ever recorded among metal-free g-C3N4 materials. Its disinfection capabilities are comparable to those of metal-based photocatalysts when they are exposed to low-power light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Atika Nikma Dahlan
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lutfi Kurnianditia Putri
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chen-Chen Er
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Boon-Junn Ng
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chien Wei Ooi
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lling-Lling Tan
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siang-Piao Chai
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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26
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Kumar P, Singh G, Guan X, Lee J, Bahadur R, Ramadass K, Kumar P, Kibria MG, Vidyasagar D, Yi J, Vinu A. Multifunctional carbon nitride nanoarchitectures for catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7602-7664. [PMID: 37830178 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00213f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis is at the heart of modern-day chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and there is an urgent demand to develop metal-free, high surface area, and efficient catalysts in a scalable, reproducible and economic manner. Amongst the ever-expanding two-dimensional materials family, carbon nitride (CN) has emerged as the most researched material for catalytic applications due to its unique molecular structure with tunable visible range band gap, surface defects, basic sites, and nitrogen functionalities. These properties also endow it with anchoring capability with a large number of catalytically active sites and provide opportunities for doping, hybridization, sensitization, etc. To make considerable progress in the use of CN as a highly effective catalyst for various applications, it is critical to have an in-depth understanding of its synthesis, structure and surface sites. The present review provides an overview of the recent advances in synthetic approaches of CN, its physicochemical properties, and band gap engineering, with a focus on its exclusive usage in a variety of catalytic reactions, including hydrogen evolution reactions, overall water splitting, water oxidation, CO2 reduction, nitrogen reduction reactions, pollutant degradation, and organocatalysis. While the structural design and band gap engineering of catalysts are elaborated, the surface chemistry is dealt with in detail to demonstrate efficient catalytic performances. Burning challenges in catalytic design and future outlook are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Gurwinder Singh
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Xinwei Guan
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jangmee Lee
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rohan Bahadur
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kavitha Ramadass
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Md Golam Kibria
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Devthade Vidyasagar
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiabao Yi
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
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27
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Xu X, Dai S, Xu S, Zhu Q, Li Y. Efficient Photocatalytic Cleavage of Lignin Models by a Soluble Perylene Diimide/Carbon Nitride S-Scheme Heterojunction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309066. [PMID: 37675642 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PDI) is one of the best n-type organic semiconductors and an ideal light-driven catalyst for lignin depolymerization. However, the charge localization effect and the excessively strong intermolecular aggregation trend in PDI result in rapid electron-hole (e- -h+ ) recombination, which limits photocatalytic performance. Herein, polymeric carbon nitride/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane PDI (p-CN/P-PDI) S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared by the solvent evaporation-deposition method for C-C bond selective cleavage of lignin β-O-4 model. Based on the material characterization results, the synergic role of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and S-scheme heterojunction maintains appropriate aggregation domains, achieves better solar light utilization, faster charge-transfer efficiency, and greater redox capacity. Notably, the 3 % p-CN/P-PDI heterostructure exhibits a remarkable enhancement in cleavage conversion efficiency, achieving approximately 16.42 and 2.57 times higher conversion rates compared to polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane modified PDI (POSS-PDI) and polymeric carbon nitride (p-CN), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Shuqi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
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28
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Wang A, Du M, Ni J, Liu D, Pan Y, Liang X, Liu D, Ma J, Wang J, Wang W. Enhanced and synergistic catalytic activation by photoexcitation driven S-scheme heterojunction hydrogel interface electric field. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6733. [PMID: 37872207 PMCID: PMC10593843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of heterogeneous material properties to enhance the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to degrade emerging organic pollutants remains a challenge. To solve this problem, we synthesize S-scheme heterojunction PBA/MoS2@chitosan hydrogel to achieve photoexcitation synergistic PMS activation. The constructed heterojunction photoexcited carriers undergo redox conversion with PMS through S-scheme transfer pathway driven by the directional interface electric field. Multiple synergistic pathways greatly enhance the reactive oxygen species generation, leading to a significant increase in doxycycline degradation rate. Meanwhile, the 3D polymer chain spatial structure of chitosan hydrogel is conducive to rapid PMS capture and electron transport in advanced oxidation process, reducing the use of transition metal activator and limiting the leaching of metal ions. There is reason to believe that the synergistic activation of PMS by S-scheme heterojunction regulated by photoexcitation will provide a new perspective for future material design and research on enhancing heterologous catalysis oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China
| | - Meng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China
| | - Dongqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China
| | - Yunhao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China
| | - Xiongying Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China.
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Liu C, Busse S, Liu J, Godin R. Aminosilanized Interface Promotes Electrochemically Stable Carbon Nitride Films with Fewer Trap States on FTO for (Photo)electrochemical Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46902-46915. [PMID: 37774114 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated the direct growth of a CNx layer on a plasma-cleaned and aminosilanized F-doped SnO2 (FTO) electrode to study the CNx|FTO interface that is critical for (photo)electrocatalytic systems. The (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) was chosen as a bifunctional organosilane, with the amino end incorporating into CNx and the silane end connecting to the hydroxylated FTO surface. Plasma cleaning and aminosilanization resulted in a highly hydrophilic surface, which leads to better contact of melted thiourea to the aminosilanized FTO (p-FTONH2) during CNx polymer condensation, thus generating a thinner and more compact CNx layer. The modification at the interface was shown to influence the CNx growth on length scales of tens of micrometers. We grew CNx thin films on p-FTONH2 (CNx/p-FTONH2) and nonaminosilanized p-FTO (CNx/p-FTO). CNx/p-FTONH2 had a smaller density of trap states and passed 2.4 times the charges before failure compared to CNx/p-FTO. Additionally, a 40% decrease in interfacial charge transfer resistance at the CNx|electrolyte interface was measured for CNx/p-FTONH2 compared to CNx/p-FTO under -0.5 V vs RHE in 0.1 M Na2SO4. Furthermore, with the CNx surface coated with a Pt cocatalyst, Pt/CNx/p-FTONH2 exhibited faster hydrogen evolution rates and larger current densities than Pt/CNx/p-FTO. The highest Faraday efficiency toward electrochemical hydrogen evolution (FEH2) in 0.1 M Na2SO4 (pH = 7) was 46.1%, 37.3%, 57.7%, and 70.5% for Pt/CNx/p-FTONH2, Pt/CNx/p-FTO, CNx/p-FTONH2, and CNx/p-FTO, respectively. The increase in hydrogen evolution rate did not follow the magnitude of the current density change, indicating electrochemical processes other than proton reduction. Overall, we have carefully investigated the CNx|FTO interface and suggested potential solutions to make CNx films better (photo)electrodes for (photo)electrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Stephanie Busse
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Robert Godin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Okanagan Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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30
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Marchi M, Raciti E, Gali SM, Piccirilli F, Vondracek H, Actis A, Salvadori E, Rosso C, Criado A, D'Agostino C, Forster L, Lee D, Foucher AC, Rai RK, Beljonne D, Stach EA, Chiesa M, Lazzaroni R, Filippini G, Prato M, Melchionna M, Fornasiero P. Carbon Vacancies Steer the Activity in Dual Ni Carbon Nitride Photocatalysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303781. [PMID: 37409444 PMCID: PMC10502671 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of carbon nitride (CN) structures is one main avenue to enhance the activity of CN-based photocatalysts. Increasing the efficiency of photocatalytic heterogeneous materials is a critical step toward the realistic implementation of sustainable schemes for organic synthesis. However, limited knowledge of the structure/activity relationship in relation to subtle structural variations prevents a fully rational design of new photocatalytic materials, limiting practical applications. Here, the CN structure is engineered by means of a microwave treatment, and the structure of the material is shaped around its suitable functionality for Ni dual photocatalysis, with a resulting boosting of the reaction efficiency toward many CX (X = N, S, O) couplings. The combination of advanced characterization techniques and first-principle simulations reveals that this enhanced reactivity is due to the formation of carbon vacancies that evolve into triazole and imine N species able to suitably bind Ni complexes and harness highly efficient dual catalysis. The cost-effective microwave treatment proposed here appears as a versatile and sustainable approach to the design of CN-based photocatalysts for a wide range of industrially relevant organic synthetic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Marchi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Energy, Environment and Transport "Giacomo Ciamician", INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Edoardo Raciti
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons-UMONS, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Sai Manoj Gali
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons-UMONS, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Federica Piccirilli
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Hendrik Vondracek
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Arianna Actis
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Cristian Rosso
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Energy, Environment and Transport "Giacomo Ciamician", INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía-CICA, Universidade da Coruña, Rúa As Carballeiras, A Coruña, 15071, Spain
| | - Carmine D'Agostino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Material Engineering (DICAM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Terracini, 28, Bologna, 40131, Italy
| | - Luke Forster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alexandre C Foucher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6272, USA
| | - Rajeev Kumar Rai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6272, USA
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons-UMONS, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Eric A Stach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6272, USA
| | - Mario Chiesa
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons-UMONS, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Giacomo Filippini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Energy, Environment and Transport "Giacomo Ciamician", INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Energy, Environment and Transport "Giacomo Ciamician", INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Energy, Environment and Transport "Giacomo Ciamician", INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Energy, Environment and Transport "Giacomo Ciamician", INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy
- ICCOM-CNR, Unit of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy
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31
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Hwang D, Wrigley LM, Lee M, Sobolewski AL, Domcke W, Schlenker CW. Local Hydrogen Bonding Determines Branching Pathways in Intermolecular Heptazine Photochemistry. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37471476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Heptazine is the molecular core of the widely studied photocatalyst carbon nitride. By analyzing the excited-state intermolecular proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) reaction between a heptazine derivative and a hydrogen-atom donor substrate, we are able to spectroscopically identify the resultant heptazinyl reactive radical species on a picosecond time scale. We provide detailed spectroscopic characterization of the tri-anisole heptazine:4-methoxyphenol hydrogen-bonded intermolecular complex (TAHz:MeOPhOH), using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and global analysis, to reveal distinct product absorption signatures at ∼520, 1250, and 1600 nm. We assign these product peaks to the hydrogenated TAHz radical (TAHzH•) based on control experiments utilizing 1,4-dimethoxybenzene (DMB), which initiates electron transfer without concomitant proton transfer, i.e., no excited-state PCET. Additional control experiments with radical quenchers, protonation agents, and UV-vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry also corroborate our product peak assignments. These spectral assignments allowed us to monitor the influence of the local hydrogen-bonding environment on the resulting evolution of photochemical products from excited-state PCET of heptazines. We observe that the preassociation of heptazine with the substrate in solution is extremely sensitive to the hydrogen-bond-accepting character of the solvent. This sensitivity directly influences which product signatures we detect with time-resolved spectroscopy. The spectral signature of the TAHzH• radical assigned in this work will facilitate future in-depth analysis of heptazine and carbon nitride photochemistry. Our results may also be utilized for designing improved PCET-based photochemical systems that will require precise control over local molecular environments. Examples include applications such as preparative synthesis involving organic photoredox catalysis, on-site solar water purification, as well as photocatalytic water splitting and artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyk Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Liam M Wrigley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Micah Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | | | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Cody W Schlenker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1652, United States
- Clean Energy Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1653, United States
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32
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Xu Y, Shi W, Zhang Y, Tu Z, Sun B, Wang Z, Wang X, Liu Z, Wang W. Realigning the melon chains in carbon nitride by rubidium ions to promote photo-reductive activities for hydrogen evolution and environmental remediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131435. [PMID: 37086671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic efficiency of polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) suffers from unsatisfactory charge separation because of its amorphous structure. Herein, we report a simple bottom-up method to synthesize a novel structure of rubidium ion inserted PCN (Rb-PCN), which involves the regular alignment of melon chains to endow a crystalline feature in PCN. The insertion of Rb+ decreased not only the N p electrons in the heptazine ring but also the plane angle of the heptazine motifs in the melon chain, which promoted the long-range periodicity and crystallinity of carbon nitride. This structurally rearranged crystalline Rb-PCN demonstrated considerably enhanced separation of charge carriers, resulting in six-fold higher photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity than its amorphous counterpart. Furthermore, the photoexcited electrons can be efficiently trapped by O2 to generate H2O2, which facilitates the production of reactive oxygen species to inactivate bacteria and degrade organic pollutants, showing great potential for use in both energy and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangsen Xu
- Institute of Information Technology, SZIIT Innovation Harbor, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, PR China
| | - Wenwu Shi
- Institute of Information Technology, SZIIT Innovation Harbor, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, PR China; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Zhenlong Tu
- Institute of Information Technology, SZIIT Innovation Harbor, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, PR China
| | - Bangjin Sun
- Institute of Information Technology, SZIIT Innovation Harbor, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Xinzhong Wang
- Institute of Information Technology, SZIIT Innovation Harbor, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, PR China.
| | - Zhenni Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wanjun Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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33
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Wen J, Zhou L, Tang Q, Xiao X, Sun S. Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants by carbon quantum dots functionalized g-C 3N 4: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115133. [PMID: 37327524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has received much attention due to its unique characteristics of stable physicochemical features, facile preparation, and inexpensive cost. However, the bulk g-C3N4 has a weak capacity for pollutant degradation and needs to be modified for real application. Therefore, extensive research has been done on g-C3N4, and the discovery of the novel zero-dimensional nanomaterials known as carbon quantum dots (CQDs) provided it with a unique modification option. In this review, the development for the removal of organic pollutants by g-C3N4/CQDs was discussed. Firstly, the preparation of g-C3N4/CQDs were introduced. Then, the application and the degradation mechanism of g-C3N4/CQDs were briefly described. And the discussion of the influencing factors on g-C3N4/CQDs' ability to degrade organic pollutants came in third. Finally, the conclusions of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants by g-C3N4/CQDs and future perspectives followed. This review will strengthen the understanding of the photocatalytic degradation of real organic wastewater by g-C3N4/CQDs, including their preparation, application, mechanism, and influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wen
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Lean Zhou
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Xiaozhen Xiao
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Shiquan Sun
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China.
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34
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Che H, Wang J, Wang P, Ao Y, Chen J, Gao X, Zhu F, Liu B. Simultaneously Achieving Fast Intramolecular Charge Transfer and Mass Transport in Holey D-π-A Organic Conjugated Polymers for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Pollutant Degradation. JACS AU 2023; 3:1424-1434. [PMID: 37234118 PMCID: PMC10206595 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneously realizing efficient intramolecular charge transfer and mass transport in metal-free polymer photocatalysts is critical but challenging for environmental remediation. Herein, we develop a simple strategy to construct holey polymeric carbon nitride (PCN)-based donor-π-acceptor organic conjugated polymers via copolymerizing urea with 5-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde (PCN-5B2T D-π-A OCPs). The resultant PCN-5B2T D-π-A OCPs extended the π-conjugate structure and introduced abundant micro-, meso-, and macro-pores, which greatly promoted intramolecular charge transfer, light absorption, and mass transport and thus significantly enhanced the photocatalytic performance in pollutant degradation. The apparent rate constant of the optimized PCN-5B2T D-π-A OCP for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT) removal is ∼10 times higher than that of the pure PCN. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the photogenerated electrons in PCN-5B2T D-π-A OCPs are much easier to transfer from the donor tertiary amine group to the benzene π-bridge and then to the acceptor imine group, while 2-MBT is more easily adsorbed on π-bridge and reacts with the photogenerated holes. A Fukui function calculation on the intermediates of 2-MBT predicted the real-time changing of actual reaction sites during the entire degradation process. Additionally, computational fluid dynamics further verified the rapid mass transport in holey PCN-5B2T D-π-A OCPs. These results demonstrate a novel concept toward highly efficient photocatalysis for environmental remediation by improving both intramolecular charge transfer and mass transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Che
- Key
Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow
Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow
Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow
Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yanhui Ao
- Key
Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow
Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow
Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Key
Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow
Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhu
- Shanghai
Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, City
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong-SAR 999077, China
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Bai X, She M, Ji Y, Zhang Z, Xue W, Liu E, Wan K, Liu P, Zhang S, Li J. Photocatalytic Cascade Reaction Driven by Directed Charge Transfer over V S -Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S/GO for Controllable Benzyl Oxidation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2207250. [PMID: 37127899 PMCID: PMC10369240 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is an important technique for synthetic transformations. However, little attention has been paid to light-driven synergistic redox reactions for directed synthesis. Herein, the authors report tunable oxidation of benzyl to phenylcarbinol with the modest yield (47%) in 5 h via singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) and proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) over the photocatalyst Zn0.5 Cd0.5 S (ZCS)/graphene oxide (GO) under exceptionally mild conditions. Theoretical calculations indicate that the presence of S vacancies on the surface of ZCS/GO photocatalyst is crucial for the adsorption and activation of O2 , successively generating the superoxide radical (• O2 - ) and 1 O2 , attributing to the regulation of local electron density on the surface of ZCS/GO and photogenerated holes (h+ ). Meanwhile, accelerated transfer of photogenerated electrons (e- ) to GO caused by the π-π stacking effect is conducive to the subsequent aldehyde hydrogenation to benzyl alcohol rather than non-selective oxidation of aldehyde to carboxylic acid. Anisotropic charge transport driven by the built-in electric field can further promote the separation of e- and h+ for multistep reactions. Promisingly, one-pot photocatalytic conversion of p-xylene to 4-methylbenzyl alcohol is beneficial for reducing the harmful effects of aromatics on human health. Furthermore, this study provides novel insights into the design of photocatalysts for cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Chemistry Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao She
- Chemistry Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Lab of Tissue Engineering, the College of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yali Ji
- Chemistry Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Chemistry Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Enzhou Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Kerou Wan
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Materials and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Kaili Catalyst & New Materials Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710201, P. R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Chemistry Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- Chemistry Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Li
- Chemistry Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
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Li X, Tang C, Zhang L, Song M, Zhang Y, Wang S. Porphyrin-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks: Design, Synthesis, Photoelectric Conversion Mechanism, and Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8020171. [PMID: 37092423 PMCID: PMC10123739 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis occurs in high plants, and certain organisms show brilliant technology in converting solar light to chemical energy and producing carbohydrates from carbon dioxide (CO2). Mimicking the mechanism of natural photosynthesis is receiving wide-ranging attention for the development of novel materials capable of photo-to-electric, photo-to-chemical, and photocatalytic transformations. Porphyrin, possessing a similar highly conjugated core ring structure to chlorophyll and flexible physical and chemical properties, has become one of the most investigated photosensitizers. Chemical modification and self-assembly of molecules as well as constructing porphyrin-based metal (covalent) organic frameworks are often used to improve its solar light utilization and electron transfer rate. Especially porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) in which porphyrin molecules are connected by covalent bonds combine the structural advantages of organic frameworks with light-capturing properties of porphyrins and exhibit great potential in light-responsive materials. Porphyrin-based COFs are expected to have high solar light utilization, fast charge separation/transfer performance, excellent structural stability, and novel steric selectivity by special molecular design. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of porphyrin-based COFs in the design, synthesis, properties, and applications. We focused on the intrinsic relationship between the structure and properties, especially the photoelectric conversion properties and charge transfer mechanism of porphyrin-based COFs, and tried to provide more valuable information for the design of advanced photosensitizers. The applications of porphyrin-based COFs in photocatalysis and phototherapy were emphasized based on their special structure design and light-to-electric (or light-to-heat) conversion control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Chuanyin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Mingyang Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
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37
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Gupta A, Bhoyar T, Abraham BM, Kim DJ, Pasupuleti KS, Umare SS, Vidyasagar D, Gedanken A. Potassium Molten Salt-Mediated In Situ Structural Reconstruction of a Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18898-18906. [PMID: 37018662 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) materials are at the forefront of photocatalytic applications. Nevertheless, the overall functionality and performance of bulk PCN are limited by rapid charge recombination, high chemical inertness, and inadequate surface-active sites. To address these, here, we employed potassium molten salts (K+X-, where X- is Cl-, Br-, and I-) as a template for the in situ generation of surface reactive sites in thermal pyrolyzed PCN. Theoretical calculations imply that addition of KX salts to PCN-forming monomers causes halogen ions to be doped into C or N sites of PCN with a relative trend of halogen ion doping being Cl < Br < I. The experimental results show that reconstructing C and N sites in PCN develops newer reactive sites that are beneficial for surface catalysis. Interestingly, the photocatalytic H2O2 generation rate of KBr-modified PCN was 199.0 μmol h-1, about three times that of bulk PCN. Owing to the simple and straightforward approach, we expect molten salt-assisted synthesis to have wide exploration in modifying PCN photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Gupta
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Toshali Bhoyar
- Materials and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Nagpur, 440010 Maharashtra, India
| | - B Moses Abraham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Dong Jin Kim
- School of Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Suresh S Umare
- Materials and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Nagpur, 440010 Maharashtra, India
| | - Devthade Vidyasagar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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38
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Weng Z, Lin Y, Han B, Zhang X, Guo Q, Luo Y, Ou X, Zhou Y, Jiang J. Donor-acceptor engineered g-C 3N 4 enabling peroxymonosulfate photocatalytic conversion to 1O 2 with nearly 100% selectivity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130869. [PMID: 36709733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is a thrilling active species for selectively oxidating organic substances. However, the efficient and selective generation of 1O2 maintains a great challenge. Here, we develop a donor-acceptor structured g-C3N4 by covalently engineering benzenetricarboxaldehyde (BTA) onto the fringe of g-C3N4. The g-C3N4-BTA exerts high-efficiency 1O2 generation with nearly 100% selectivity via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) photocatalytic activation upon visible light illumination, exhibiting obviously boosted efficiency for selective elimination of atrazine (ATZ). The consequences of experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrate that BTA units serve as electron-withdrawing sites to trap photogenerated electrons and facilitate the adsorption of PMS on the electron-deficient heptazine rings of g-C3N4. As such, PMS can be in-situ oxidated by the photogenerated holes to selectively produce 1O2. Besides, the g-C3N4-BTA/PMS system delivers high stability and strong resistance to the coexisting organic ions and natural organic matter, demonstrating great potential for selectively removing targeted organic contaminants with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglin Weng
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuanfang Lin
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Bin Han
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Xinfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qin Guo
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yu Luo
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xinwen Ou
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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39
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Gouder A, Podjaski F, Jiménez-Solano A, Kröger J, Wang Y, Lotsch BV. An integrated solar battery based on a charge storing 2D carbon nitride. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2023; 16:1520-1530. [PMID: 37063253 PMCID: PMC10091497 DOI: 10.1039/d2ee03409c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Solar batteries capable of harvesting sunlight and storing solar energy present an attractive vista to transition our energy infrastructure into a sustainable future. Here we present an integrated, fully earth-abundant solar battery based on a bifunctional (light absorbing and charge storing) carbon nitride (K-PHI) photoanode, combined with organic hole transfer and storage materials. An internal ladder-type hole transfer cascade via a transport layer is used to selectively shuttle the photogenerated holes to the PEDOT:PSS cathode. This concept differs from previous designs such as light-assisted battery schemes or photocapacitors and allows charging with light during both electrical charge and discharge, thus substantially increasing the energy output of the cell. Compared to battery operation in the dark, light-assisted (dis)charging increases charge output by 243%, thereby increasing the electric coulombic efficiency from 68.3% in the dark to 231%, leading to energy improvements of 94.1% under illumination. This concept opens new vistas towards compact, highly integrated devices based on multifunctional, carbon-based electrodes and separators, and paves the way to a new generation of earth-abundant solar batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gouder
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Department Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Butenandstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - F Podjaski
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - A Jiménez-Solano
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Córdoba Campus de Rabanales, Edif. Einstein (C2) 14071 Córdoba Spain
| | - J Kröger
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Y Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - B V Lotsch
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Department Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Butenandstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
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40
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Sivo A, Ruta V, Granata V, Savateev O, Bajada MA, Vilé G. Nanostructured Carbon Nitride for Continuous-Flow Trifluoromethylation of (Hetero)arenes. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:5284-5292. [PMID: 37034497 PMCID: PMC10074389 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Efficient catalytic methods for the trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arenes are of particular importance in organic and pharmaceutical manufacturing. However, many existing protocols rely on toxic reagents and expensive or sterically hindered homogeneous catalysts. One promising alternative to conduct this transformation involves the use of carbon nitride, a non-toxic photocatalyst prepared from inexpensive precursors. Nonetheless, there is still little understanding regarding the interplay between physicochemical features of this photocatalyst and the corresponding effects on the reaction rate. In this work, we elucidate the role of carbon nitride nanostructuring on the catalytic performance, understanding the effect of surface area and band gap tuning via metal insertion. Our findings provide new insights into the structure-function relationships of the catalyst, which we exploit to design a continuous-flow process that maximizes catalyst-light interaction, facilitates catalyst reusability, and enables intensified reaction scale-up. This is particularly significant given that photocatalyzed batch protocols often face challenges during industrial exploitation. Finally, we extrapolate the rapid and simplified continuous-flow method to the synthesis of a variety of functionalized heteroaromatics, which have numerous applications in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Sivo
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ruta
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vittoria Granata
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Oleksandr Savateev
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, DE-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mark A. Bajada
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianvito Vilé
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133 Milano, Italy
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41
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Wang N, Cheng L, Liao Y, Xiang Q. Effect of Functional Group Modifications on the Photocatalytic Performance of g-C 3 N 4. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300109. [PMID: 36965084 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, photocatalysis has received increasing attention in alleviating energy scarcity and environmental treatment, and graphite carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) is used as an ideal photocatalyst. However, it still remains numerous challenges to obtain the desirable photocatalytic performance of intrinsic g-C3 N4 . Functional group functionalization, formed by introducing functional groups into the bulk structure, is one of the common modification techniques to modulate the carrier dynamics and increases the number of active sites, offering new opportunities to break the limits for structure-to-performance relationship of g-C3 N4 . Nevertheless, the general overview of the advance of functional group modification of g-C3 N4 is less reported yet. In order to better understand the structure-to-performance relationship at the molecular level, a review of the latest development of functional group modification is urgently needed. In this review, the functional group modification of g-C3 N4 in terms of structures, properties, and photocatalytic activity is mainly focused, as well as their mechanism of reaction from the molecular level insights is explained. Second, the recent progress of the application of introducing functional groups in g-C3 N4 is introduced and examples are given. Finally, the difficulties and challenges are presented, and based on this, an outlook on the future research development direction is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Quanjun Xiang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
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42
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Liu S, Li Y, Zhang Y, Lin W. Materials design of edge-modified polymeric carbon nitride nanoribbons for the photocatalytic CO 2 reduction reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:9901-9908. [PMID: 36946309 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05027g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoribbon construction and modification with functional groups are important methods to improve the performance of photocatalysts. In this paper, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are applied to assess the electron absorption capacity of different model structures in the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), i.e., melon-based carbon nitride nanoribbons (MNRs) and edge-modified melon-based carbon nitride nanoribbons (X-MNRs, X = NO2, CF3, CN, CHO, F, Cl, CCH, OH, SH, CH3, and H). It is found that X-MNRs (X = NO2, CN, CHO, CCH, OH, and H) have a significantly reduced band gap. Meanwhile, the VBM and CBM are effectively separated with the same optical absorption wavelength range, agreeing with the experimental observations. More importantly, the Gibbs free energy difference of the CO2RR rate-determining step is greatly reduced in MNRs, CHO-MNRs, CN-MNRs etc. with the formation of CO or HCOOH. The mechanism investigation indicates that the materials design via edge-group modification can optimize the CO2RR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yongfan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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43
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Peng C, Lu R, Yu A. Unravelling the doping effect of potassium ions on structural modulation and photocatalytic activity of graphitic carbon nitride. RSC Adv 2023; 13:9168-9179. [PMID: 36950715 PMCID: PMC10026624 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00934c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (GCN), as a promising photocatalyst, has been intensely investigated in the photocatalytic fields, but its performance is still unsatisfactory. To date, metal ion doping has been proven to be an effective modification method to improve the photocatalytic activity of GCN. More importantly, comprehensive understanding of the doping mechanism will be of benefit to synthesize efficient GCN based photocatalysts. In this work, K+-doped GCN samples were prepared via heating the mixture of the preheated melamine and a certain amount of KCl at different synthetic temperatures. XRD and Raman characterization studies indicated that the introduction of K+ could improve its crystallinity at higher temperature but reduce its crystallinity at lower temperature. Moreover, FTIR and SEM-EDS measurements implied that K+ are found dominantly in the surface of the ion-doped sample prepared at lower temperature, while they are found both in the surface and bulk of the ion-doped sample prepared at higher temperature. These observations revealed that K+ distributed in the surface of the ion-doped GCN could inhibit its crystal growth, while K+ distributed inside of the ion-doped GCN could promote its crystallinity. Owing to the greater inducing effect of the bulk K+ than the disturbing effect of the surface K+, the improvement of the crystallinity for K+-doped GCN was achieved. As a result, the K+-doped GCN with higher crystallinity yielded an obviously higher H2 evolution rate than that with lower crystallinity under visible light irradiation (>420 nm). Besides, it was observed that the K+-doped GCN prepared at higher temperature exhibits significantly greater adsorption capacity for methylene blue than the K+-doped GCN prepared at lower temperature. This work would provide an insight into optimizing metal ion doped GCN with high photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Anchi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
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44
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Wang J, Zhu W, Meng F, Bai G, Zhang Q, Lan X. Integrating Dual-Metal Sites into Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China
| | - Wanbo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Fanyu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China
| | - Guoyi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China
| | - Qianfan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xingwang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China
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45
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Chemical Etching and Phase Transformation of Nickel-Cobalt Prussian Blue Analogs for Improved Solar-Driven Water-Splitting Applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 641:861-874. [PMID: 36966575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Although Prussian blue and its analogs (PB/PBAs) have open framework structures, large surface areas, uniform metal active sites, and tunable compositions, and have been investigated for a long time, owing to their unfavorable visible light responsiveness, they rarely been reported in photocatalysis. This largely limits their applications in solar-to-chemical energy conversion. Here, a continuous-evolution strategy was conducted to convert the poor-performance NiCo PBA (NCP) toward high-efficiency complex photocatalytic nanomaterials. First, chemical etching was performed to transform raw NCP (NCP-0) to hollow-structured NCP (including NCP-30, and NCP-60) with enhanced diffusion, penetration, mass transmission of reaction species, and accessible surface area. Then, the resultant hollow NCP-60 frameworks were further converted into advanced functional nanomaterials including CoO/3NiO, NiCoP nanoparticles, and CoNi2S4 nanorods with a considerably improved photocatalytic H2 evolution performance. The hollow-structured NCP-60 particles exhibit an enhanced H2 evolution rate (1.28 mol g-1h-1) compared with the raw NCP-0 (0.64 mol g-1h-1). Furthermore, the H2 evolution rate of the resulting NiCoP nanoparticles reached 16.6 mol g-1h-1, 25 times that of the NCP-0, without any cocatalysts.
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46
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Lin M, Jiang W, Zhang T, Yang B, Zhuang Z, Yu Y. Ordered Co
III
‐MOF@Co
II
‐MOF Heterojunction for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Syngas Production. SMALL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiong Lin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou University New Campus Minhou Fujian 350108 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Weishan Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou University New Campus Minhou Fujian 350108 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Tingshi Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou University New Campus Minhou Fujian 350108 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Bixia Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou University New Campus Minhou Fujian 350108 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Zanyong Zhuang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou University New Campus Minhou Fujian 350108 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Yan Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou University New Campus Minhou Fujian 350108 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
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47
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Chen L, Zhu X, Wei J, Tian L, Hu C, Xiang X, Zhou SF. Afterglow Electrochemiluminescence from Nitrogen-Deficient Graphitic Carbon Nitride. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2917-2924. [PMID: 36705675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Almost all current electrochemiluminescent reagents require real-time electrochemical stimulation to emit light. Here, we report a novel electrochemiluminescent reagent, nitrogen-deficient graphitic carbon nitride (CNx), that can emit afterglow electrochemiluminescence (ECL) after cessation of electric excitation. CNx obtained by post-thermal treatment of graphitic carbon nitride (CN) with KSCN has a cyanamide group and a nitrogen vacancy, which created defects to trap electrically injected electrons. The trapped electrons can slowly release and react with coreactants to emit light with longevity. The cathodic afterglow ECL lasts for 70 s after pulsing the CNx nanosheet (CNxNS-1.6)-modified glassy carbon electrode at -1.0 V for 20 s in 2.0 M PBS containing 1 mM K2S2O8. The afterglow ECL mechanism is revealed by investigation of its influencing factors and ECL wavelength. The discovery of afterglow ECL may open a new doorway for new significant applications of the ECL technique and provide a deeper understanding of the structure-property relationships of CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichan Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Libing Tian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chenxi Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xinzhu Xiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
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48
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Wang J, Chen L, Zhao H, Kumar P, Larter SR, Kibria MG, Hu J. In Situ Photo-Fenton-Like Tandem Reaction for Selective Gluconic Acid Production from Glucose Photo-Oxidation. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, AlbertaT2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Physics and Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, AlbertaT2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, AlbertaT2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Stephen R. Larter
- Department of Geosciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, CalgaryAlberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Md Golam Kibria
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, AlbertaT2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, AlbertaT2N 1N4, Canada
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49
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Xiong Z, Liang Y, Yang J, Yang G, Jia J, Sa K, Zhang X, Zeng Z. Engineering a phase transition induced g-C3N5/poly (triazine imide) heterojunction for boosted photocatalytic H2 evolution. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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50
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Wang J, Li P, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wang D, Liang J, Fan Q. New Strategy for the Persistent Photocatalytic Reduction of U(VI): Utilization and Storage of Solar Energy in K + and Cyano Co-Decorated Poly(Heptazine Imide). ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205542. [PMID: 36511158 PMCID: PMC9929247 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic conversion of soluble U(VI) into insoluble U(IV) is a robust strategy to harvest aqueous uranium, but remains challenging owing to the intermittent availability of solar influx and reoxidation of U(IV) without illumination. Herein, a dual platform based on K+ and cyano group co-decorated poly(heptazine imide) (K-CN-PHI) is reported that can drive persistent U(VI) extraction upon/beyond light. K-CN-PHI achieves the photocatalytic reduction of U(VI) with a reaction rate of 0.89 min-1 , being 47 times greater than that over pristine carbon nitride (PCN). This system can further be triggered by light to form long-living radicals, driving the reduction of U(VI) in the dark for over 3 d. The flexible structural K+ as counterions stabilize the electrons trapped by cyanamide groups, enabling the long lifetime of the generated radicals. The results collectively prove K-CN-PHI to be a novel and efficient photocatalyst enabling persistent U(VI) extraction around the clock, and broadening the practical applications of the photocatalytic extraction of U(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Petroleum ResourcesGansu ProvinceLanhzou730000China
| | - Ping Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Petroleum ResourcesGansu ProvinceLanhzou730000China
| | - Yun Wang
- Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Petroleum ResourcesGansu ProvinceLanhzou730000China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning Key Laboratory for Catalytic Conversion of Carbon ResourcesSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory Nuclear Radiation & Nuclear Energy Technologyand Multidisciplinary Initiative CenterInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Dongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning Key Laboratory for Catalytic Conversion of Carbon ResourcesSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory Nuclear Radiation & Nuclear Energy Technologyand Multidisciplinary Initiative CenterInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Liang
- Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Petroleum ResourcesGansu ProvinceLanhzou730000China
| | - Qiaohui Fan
- Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Petroleum ResourcesGansu ProvinceLanhzou730000China
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