1
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Murao N, Matsuda T, Kadowaki H, Matsushita Y, Tanimoto K, Katagiri T, Nakashima K, Nishitoh H. The Derlin-1-Stat5b axis maintains homeostasis of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:3678-3706. [PMID: 39080439 PMCID: PMC11316036 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus continuously proliferate and generate new neurons throughout life. Although various functions of organelles are closely related to the regulation of adult neurogenesis, the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related molecules in this process remains largely unexplored. Here we show that Derlin-1, an ER-associated degradation component, spatiotemporally maintains adult hippocampal neurogenesis through a mechanism distinct from its established role as an ER quality controller. Derlin-1 deficiency in the mouse central nervous system leads to the ectopic localization of newborn neurons and impairs NSC transition from active to quiescent states, resulting in early depletion of hippocampal NSCs. As a result, Derlin-1-deficient mice exhibit phenotypes of increased seizure susceptibility and cognitive dysfunction. Reduced Stat5b expression is responsible for adult neurogenesis defects in Derlin-1-deficient NSCs. Inhibition of histone deacetylase activity effectively induces Stat5b expression and restores abnormal adult neurogenesis, resulting in improved seizure susceptibility and cognitive dysfunction in Derlin-1-deficient mice. Our findings indicate that the Derlin-1-Stat5b axis is indispensable for the homeostasis of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Murao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Taito Matsuda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisae Kadowaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsushita
- Division of Genome Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kousuke Tanimoto
- High-risk Infectious Disease Control, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyomasa Katagiri
- Division of Genome Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hideki Nishitoh
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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2
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Escobar EE, Yang W, Lanzillotti MB, Juetten KJ, Shields S, Siegel D, Zhang YJ, Brodbelt JS. Tracking Inhibition of Human Small C-Terminal Domain Phosphatase 1 Using 193 nm Ultraviolet Photodissociation Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1330-1341. [PMID: 38662915 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Working in tandem with kinases via a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins, phosphatases regulate many cellular processes and thus represent compelling therapeutic targets. Here we leverage ultraviolet photodissociation to shed light on the binding characteristics of two covalent phosphatase inhibitors, T65 and rabeprazole, and their respective interactions with the human small C-terminal domain phosphatase 1 (SCP1) and its single-point mutant C181A, in which a nonreactive alanine replaces one key reactive cysteine. Top-down MS/MS analysis is used to localize the binding of T65 and rabeprazole on the two proteins and estimate the relative reactivities of each cysteine residue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dionicio Siegel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive 0741, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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3
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Kobayashi T. Protein homeostasis and degradation in quiescent neural stem cells. J Biochem 2024; 175:481-486. [PMID: 38299708 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue stem cells are maintained in the adult body throughout life and are crucial for tissue homeostasis as they supply newly functional cells. Quiescence is a reversible arrest in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and a strategy to maintain the quality of tissue stem cells. Quiescence maintains stem cells in a self-renewable and differentiable state for a prolonged period by suppressing energy consumption and cell damage and depletion. Most adult neural stem cells in the brain maintain the quiescent state and produce neurons and glial cells through differentiation after activating from the quiescent state to the proliferating state. In this process, proteostasis, including proteolysis, is essential to transition between the quiescent and proliferating states associated with proteome remodeling. Recent reports have demonstrated that quiescent and proliferating neural stem cells have different expression patterns and roles as proteostatic molecules and are affected by age, indicating differing processes for protein homeostasis in these two states in the brain. This review discusses the multiple regulatory stages from protein synthesis (protein birth) to proteolysis (protein death) in quiescent neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Kobayashi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
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4
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Kaise T, Kageyama R. Transcriptional control of neural stem cell activity. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:617-626. [PMID: 38477464 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In the adult brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) are under the control of various molecular mechanisms to produce an appropriate number of neurons that are essential for specific brain functions. Usually, the majority of adult NSCs stay in a non-proliferative and undifferentiated state known as quiescence, occasionally transitioning to an active state to produce newborn neurons. This transition between the quiescent and active states is crucial for the activity of NSCs. Another significant state of adult NSCs is senescence, in which quiescent cells become more dormant and less reactive, ceasing the production of newborn neurons. Although many genes involved in the regulation of NSCs have been identified using genetic manipulation and omics analyses, the entire regulatory network is complicated and ambiguous. In this review, we focus on transcription factors, whose importance has been elucidated in NSCs by knockout or overexpression studies. We mainly discuss the transcription factors with roles in the active, quiescent, and rejuvenation states of adult NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kaise
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
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5
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Hu K, Jin S, Yue K, Wang H, Cai C, Liu Q, Guo J, Liang Q, Tian Y, Gao Z. A Reversible Neural Stem Cell Quiescence and Activation Culture System for Metabolic Study. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241259723. [PMID: 38877676 PMCID: PMC11179495 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241259723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells in vivo can transit between quiescence and activation, two metabolically distinct states. It is increasingly appreciated that cell metabolism assumes profound roles in stem cell maintenance and tissue homeostasis. However, the lack of suitable models greatly hinders our understanding of the metabolic control of stem cell quiescence and activation. In the present study, we have utilized classical signaling pathways and developed a cell culture system to model reversible NSC quiescence and activation. Unlike activated ones, quiescent NSCs manifested distinct morphology characteristics, cell proliferation, and cell cycle properties but retained the same cell proliferation and differentiation potentials once reactivated. Further transcriptomic analysis revealed that extensive metabolic differences existed between quiescent and activated NSCs. Subsequent experimentations confirmed that NSC quiescence and activation transition was accompanied by a dramatic yet coordinated and dynamic shift in RNA metabolism, protein synthesis, and mitochondrial and autophagy activity. The present work not only showcases the broad utilities of this powerful in vitro NSC quiescence and activation culture system but also provides timely insights for the field and warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Hu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- China-Japan Friendship Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengkai Jin
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Yue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- China-Japan Friendship Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhui Cai
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianrong Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiujuan Liang
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Life Science and Clinical Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Translational Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- China-Japan Friendship Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengliang Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- China-Japan Friendship Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Aron L, Qiu C, Ngian ZK, Liang M, Drake D, Choi J, Fernandez MA, Roche P, Bunting EL, Lacey EK, Hamplova SE, Yuan M, Wolfe MS, Bennett DA, Lee EA, Yankner BA. A neurodegeneration checkpoint mediated by REST protects against the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7030. [PMID: 37919281 PMCID: PMC10622455 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many aging individuals accumulate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) without evidence of cognitive decline. Here we describe an integrated neurodegeneration checkpoint response to early pathological changes that restricts further disease progression and preserves cognitive function. Checkpoint activation is mediated by the REST transcriptional repressor, which is induced in cognitively-intact aging humans and AD mouse models at the onset of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) deposition and tau accumulation. REST induction is mediated by the unfolded protein response together with β-catenin signaling. A consequence of this response is the targeting of REST to genes involved in key pathogenic pathways, resulting in downregulation of gamma secretase, tau kinases, and pro-apoptotic proteins. Deletion of REST in the 3xTg and J20 AD mouse models accelerates Aβ deposition and the accumulation of misfolded and phosphorylated tau, leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Conversely, viral-mediated overexpression of REST in the hippocampus suppresses Aβ and tau pathology. Thus, REST mediates a neurodegeneration checkpoint response with multiple molecular targets that may protect against the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liviu Aron
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chenxi Qiu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhen Kai Ngian
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marianna Liang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Derek Drake
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jaejoon Choi
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marty A Fernandez
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Perle Roche
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Emma L Bunting
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ella K Lacey
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sara E Hamplova
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Monlan Yuan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael S Wolfe
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL60612, USA
| | - Eunjung A Lee
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce A Yankner
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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7
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Lam XJ, Maniam S, Cheah PS, Ling KH. REST in the Road Map of Brain Development. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3417-3433. [PMID: 37517069 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01394-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) or also known as neuron-restrictive silencing factor (NRSF), is the key initiator of epigenetic neuronal gene-expression modification. Identification of a massive number of REST-targeted genes in the brain signifies its broad involvement in maintaining the functionality of the nervous system. Additionally, REST plays a crucial role in conferring neuroprotection to the neurons against various stressors or insults during injuries. At the cellular level, nuclear localisation of REST is a key determinant for the functional transcriptional regulation of REST towards its target genes. Emerging studies reveal the implication of REST nuclear mislocalisation or dysregulation in several neurological diseases. The expression of REST varies depending on different types of neurological disorders, which has created challenges in the discovery of REST-targeted interventions. Hence, this review presents a comprehensive summary on the physiological roles of REST throughout brain development and its implications in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, brain tumours and cerebrovascular diseases. This review offers valuable insights to the development of potential therapeutic approaches targeting REST to improve pathologies in the brain. The important roles of REST as a key player in the nervous system development, and its implications in several neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jieh Lam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sandra Maniam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pike-See Cheah
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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8
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Fong BC, Chakroun I, Iqbal MA, Paul S, Bastasic J, O’Neil D, Yakubovich E, Bejjani AT, Ahmadi N, Carter A, Clark A, Leone G, Park DS, Ghanem N, Vandenbosch R, Slack RS. The Rb/E2F axis is a key regulator of the molecular signatures instructing the quiescent and activated adult neural stem cell state. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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9
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Schneider MF, Müller V, Müller SA, Lichtenthaler SF, Becker PB, Scheuermann JC. LncRNA RUS shapes the gene expression program towards neurogenesis. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/10/e202201504. [PMID: 35688487 PMCID: PMC9187872 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromatin-associated lncRNA RUS binds in the vicinity to neural differentiation-associated genes and regulates them in a context-dependent manner to enable proper neuron development. The evolution of brain complexity correlates with an increased expression of long, noncoding (lnc) RNAs in neural tissues. Although prominent examples illustrate the potential of lncRNAs to scaffold and target epigenetic regulators to chromatin loci, only few cases have been described to function during brain development. We present a first functional characterization of the lncRNA LINC01322, which we term RUS for “RNA upstream of Slitrk3.” The RUS gene is well conserved in mammals by sequence and synteny next to the neurodevelopmental gene Slitrk3. RUS is exclusively expressed in neural cells and its expression increases during neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic cortical neural stem cells. Depletion of RUS locks neuronal precursors in an intermediate state towards neuronal differentiation resulting in arrested cell cycle and increased apoptosis. RUS associates with chromatin in the vicinity of genes involved in neurogenesis, most of which change their expression upon RUS depletion. The identification of a range of epigenetic regulators as specific RUS interactors suggests that the lncRNA may mediate gene activation and repression in a highly context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius F Schneider
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Müller
- Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich and Neuroproteomics Unit, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich and Neuroproteomics Unit, Technical University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Peter B Becker
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna C Scheuermann
- Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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10
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Qin S, Yuan Y, Huang X, Tan Z, Hu X, Liu H, Pu Y, Ding YQ, Su Z, He C. Topoisomerase IIA in adult NSCs regulates SVZ neurogenesis by transcriptional activation of Usp37. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:9319-9338. [PMID: 36029179 PMCID: PMC9458435 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase IIA (TOP2a) has traditionally been known as an important nuclear enzyme that resolves entanglements and relieves torsional stress of DNA double strands. However, its function in genomic transcriptional regulation remains largely unknown, especially during adult neurogenesis. Here, we show that TOP2a is preferentially expressed in neurogenic niches in the brain of adult mice, such as the subventricular zone (SVZ). Conditional knockout of Top2a in adult neural stem cells (NSCs) of the SVZ significantly inhibits their self-renewal and proliferation, and ultimately reduces neurogenesis. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms by which TOP2a regulates adult NSCs, we perform RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) plus chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and identify ubiquitin-specific protease 37 (Usp37) as a direct TOP2a target gene. Importantly, overexpression of Usp37 is sufficient to rescue the impaired self-renewal ability of adult NSCs caused by Top2a knockdown. Taken together, this proof-of-principle study illustrates a TOP2a/Usp37-mediated novel molecular mechanism in adult neurogenesis, which will significantly expand our understanding of the function of topoisomerase in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyao Qin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yimin Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zijian Tan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yingyan Pu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu-qiang Ding
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhida Su
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng He
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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11
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Cheng Y, Yin Y, Zhang A, Bernstein AM, Kawaguchi R, Gao K, Potter K, Gilbert HY, Ao Y, Ou J, Fricano-Kugler CJ, Goldberg JL, He Z, Woolf CJ, Sofroniew MV, Benowitz LI, Geschwind DH. Transcription factor network analysis identifies REST/NRSF as an intrinsic regulator of CNS regeneration in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4418. [PMID: 35906210 PMCID: PMC9338053 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The inability of neurons to regenerate long axons within the CNS is a major impediment to improving outcome after spinal cord injury, stroke, and other CNS insults. Recent advances have uncovered an intrinsic program that involves coordinate regulation by multiple transcription factors that can be manipulated to enhance growth in the peripheral nervous system. Here, we use a systems genomics approach to characterize regulatory relationships of regeneration-associated transcription factors, identifying RE1-Silencing Transcription Factor (REST; Neuron-Restrictive Silencer Factor, NRSF) as a predicted upstream suppressor of a pro-regenerative gene program associated with axon regeneration in the CNS. We validate our predictions using multiple paradigms, showing that mature mice bearing cell type-specific deletions of REST or expressing dominant-negative mutant REST show improved regeneration of the corticospinal tract and optic nerve after spinal cord injury and optic nerve crush, which is accompanied by upregulation of regeneration-associated genes in cortical motor neurons and retinal ganglion cells, respectively. These analyses identify a role for REST as an upstream suppressor of the intrinsic regenerative program in the CNS and demonstrate the utility of a systems biology approach involving integrative genomics and bio-informatics to prioritize hypotheses relevant to CNS repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Cheng
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yuqin Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alice Zhang
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alexander M Bernstein
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kun Gao
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kyra Potter
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hui-Ya Gilbert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yan Ao
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jing Ou
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Catherine J Fricano-Kugler
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Byers Eye Institute and Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Larry I Benowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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12
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García-Corzo L, Calatayud-Baselga I, Casares-Crespo L, Mora-Martínez C, Julián Escribano-Saiz J, Hortigüela R, Asenjo-Martínez A, Jordán-Pla A, Ercoli S, Flames N, López-Alonso V, Vilar M, Mira H. The transcription factor LEF1 interacts with NFIX and switches isoforms during adult hippocampal neural stem cell quiescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:912319. [PMID: 35938168 PMCID: PMC9355129 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.912319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells in adult mammalian tissues are held in a reversible resting state, known as quiescence, for prolonged periods of time. Recent studies have greatly increased our understanding of the epigenetic and transcriptional landscapes that underlie stem cell quiescence. However, the transcription factor code that actively maintains the quiescence program remains poorly defined. Similarly, alternative splicing events affecting transcription factors in stem cell quiescence have been overlooked. Here we show that the transcription factor T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor LEF1, a central player in canonical β-catenin-dependent Wnt signalling, undergoes alternative splicing and switches isoforms in quiescent neural stem cells. We found that active β-catenin and its partner LEF1 accumulated in quiescent hippocampal neural stem and progenitor cell (Q-NSPC) cultures. Accordingly, Q-NSPCs showed enhanced TCF/LEF1-driven transcription and a basal Wnt activity that conferred a functional advantage to the cultured cells in a Wnt-dependent assay. At a mechanistic level, we found a fine regulation of Lef1 gene expression. The coordinate upregulation of Lef1 transcription and retention of alternative spliced exon 6 (E6) led to the accumulation of a full-length protein isoform (LEF1-FL) that displayed increased stability in the quiescent state. Prospectively isolated GLAST + cells from the postnatal hippocampus also underwent E6 retention at the time quiescence is established in vivo. Interestingly, LEF1 motif was enriched in quiescence-associated enhancers of genes upregulated in Q-NSPCs and quiescence-related NFIX transcription factor motifs flanked the LEF1 binding sites. We further show that LEF1 interacts with NFIX and identify putative LEF1/NFIX targets. Together, our results uncover an unexpected role for LEF1 in gene regulation in quiescent NSPCs, and highlight alternative splicing as a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism in the transition from stem cell activation to quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Corzo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Isabel Calatayud-Baselga
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Lucía Casares-Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Carlos Mora-Martínez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
- Evo-devo Helsinki Community, Centre of Excellence in Experimental and Computational Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juan Julián Escribano-Saiz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Jordán-Pla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Stefano Ercoli
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Nuria Flames
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | | | - Marçal Vilar
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Helena Mira
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
- *Correspondence: Helena Mira,
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13
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Baklaushev VP, Yusubalieva GM, Samoilova EM, Belopasov VV. Resident Neural Stem Cell Niches and Regeneration: The Splendors and Miseries of Adult Neurogenesis. Russ J Dev Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360422030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Ma R, Zhao L, Zhao Y, Li Y. Puerarin action on stem cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis: Therapeutic implications for geriatric diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153915. [PMID: 35026503 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with a decline in cognitive and physical functions and various geriatric diseases, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Puerarin (Pue), one of the main active flavonoids of Radix Puerariae (R. pueraria), is reportedly effective in treating geriatric diseases, including cardiovascular disease and hypertension. PURPOSE This review aims to summarize and discuss the profound physiological impact of Pue on various stem cell populations and provide new insights into the use of Pue for the prevention and treatment of geriatric diseases. METHODS The literature was retrieved from the core collection of electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct, using the following keywords and terms: Puerarin, Stem Cell, Proliferation, Differentiation, Apoptosis, and Geriatric diseases. These keywords were used in multiple overlapping combinations. RESULTS Pue is effective in the treatment and management of age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disease. Pue exerts significant physiological effects on various stem cell populations, including their self-renewal/proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Most importantly, it could improve the efficiency and accuracy of stem cell therapy for treating various geriatric diseases. Further studies are essential to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and elucidate their significance for future clinical applications. CONCLUSION The effects of Pue on various stem cell populations and their regulatory mechanisms are discussed in detail to provide new insights into the use of Pue in the prevention and treatment of geriatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishuang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lucy Zhao
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Functional Genomics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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15
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Guo N, McDermott KD, Shih YT, Zanga H, Ghosh D, Herber C, Meara WR, Coleman J, Zagouras A, Wong LP, Sadreyev R, Gonçalves JT, Sahay A. Transcriptional regulation of neural stem cell expansion in the adult hippocampus. eLife 2022; 11:e72195. [PMID: 34982030 PMCID: PMC8820733 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Experience governs neurogenesis from radial-glial neural stem cells (RGLs) in the adult hippocampus to support memory. Transcription factors (TFs) in RGLs integrate physiological signals to dictate self-renewal division mode. Whereas asymmetric RGL divisions drive neurogenesis during favorable conditions, symmetric divisions prevent premature neurogenesis while amplifying RGLs to anticipate future neurogenic demands. The identities of TFs regulating RGL symmetric self-renewal, unlike those that regulate RGL asymmetric self-renewal, are not known. Here, we show in mice that the TF Kruppel-like factor 9 (Klf9) is elevated in quiescent RGLs and inducible, deletion of Klf9 promotes RGL activation state. Clonal analysis and longitudinal intravital two-photon imaging directly demonstrate that Klf9 functions as a brake on RGL symmetric self-renewal. In vivo translational profiling of RGLs lacking Klf9 generated a molecular blueprint for RGL symmetric self-renewal that was characterized by upregulation of genetic programs underlying Notch and mitogen signaling, cell cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and lipogenesis. Together, these observations identify Klf9 as a transcriptional regulator of neural stem cell expansion in the adult hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Guo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- BROAD Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
| | - Kelsey D McDermott
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine; Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Yu-Tzu Shih
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- BROAD Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
| | - Haley Zanga
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- BROAD Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
| | - Debolina Ghosh
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeUnited States
| | - Charlotte Herber
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeUnited States
| | - William R Meara
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeUnited States
| | - James Coleman
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeUnited States
| | - Alexia Zagouras
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeUnited States
| | - Lai Ping Wong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Ruslan Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - J Tiago Gonçalves
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine; Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Amar Sahay
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- BROAD Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
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16
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Fu X, He Q, Tao Y, Wang M, Wang W, Wang Y, Yu QC, Zhang F, Zhang X, Chen YG, Gao D, Hu P, Hui L, Wang X, Zeng YA. Recent advances in tissue stem cells. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1998-2029. [PMID: 34865207 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation, giving rise to specialized functional cells. Stem cells are of pivotal importance for organ and tissue development, homeostasis, and injury and disease repair. Tissue-specific stem cells are a rare population residing in specific tissues and present powerful potential for regeneration when required. They are usually named based on the resident tissue, such as hematopoietic stem cells and germline stem cells. This review discusses the recent advances in stem cells of various tissues, including neural stem cells, muscle stem cells, liver progenitors, pancreatic islet stem/progenitor cells, intestinal stem cells, and prostate stem cells, and the future perspectives for tissue stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yalong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qing Cissy Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Max-Planck Center for Tissue Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Dong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Max-Planck Center for Tissue Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Bio-Research Innovation Center, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Suzhou, 215121, China.
| | - Lijian Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Bio-Research Innovation Center, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Suzhou, 215121, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Yi Arial Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Bio-Research Innovation Center, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Suzhou, 215121, China.
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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17
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Mukherjee S. Immune gene network of neurological diseases: Multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). Heliyon 2021; 7:e08518. [PMID: 34926857 PMCID: PMC8649734 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases, such as MS, AD, PD and HD, are a major health concern of the elderly population, but still therapeutic options are limited. Recent advances in genomic sequencing and bioinformatics, present an opportunity to understand mechanisms of these diseases for identification of therapeutic targets. Several studies have shown association of immune dysfunction with immune system mediated neurological disease, MS, as well as neurodegenerative diseases (AD, PD and HD). However, similarities and differences in role of the immune system, immune pathways and immune cell types in these diseases remains unknown. In this study, immune cell type signature genes in gene networks associated with neurological diseases, MS, AD, PD and HD was investigated using meta-analysis and bioinformatics methods. Application of Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) on publicly available gene expression datasets (microarray and RNA-seq) revealed a ModArray_04 module (microarray) or ModRNAseq_06 module (RNA-seq), significantly associated with MS, AD, PD and HD. Hypergeometric enrichment test revealed significant enrichment of immune cell type genes in these neurological disease modules. This study demonstrates that immune system mediated neurological disease, MS and neurodegenerative diseases (AD, PD and HD), share a common gene network characterized by immune cell type signature genes (microglia, monocytes and macrophages) and are probable targets for therapeutic intervention. In summary, this work shows a connection between MS, a disease where the role of the immune system and inflammation is established, and neurodegenerative diseases (AD, PD and HD) where the role of inflammation is still a hypothesis.
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18
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Zhang J, Uchiyama J, Imami K, Ishihama Y, Kageyama R, Kobayashi T. Novel Roles of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Regulating the Quiescence and Proliferation of Neural Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:762293. [PMID: 34805169 PMCID: PMC8601375 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.762293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) quiescence plays pivotal roles in avoiding exhaustion of NSCs and securing sustainable neurogenesis in the adult brain. The maintenance of quiescence and transition between proliferation and quiescence are complex processes associated with multiple niche signals and environmental stimuli. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) containing functional cargos such as proteins, microRNAs, and mRNAs. The role of sEVs in NSC quiescence has not been fully investigated. Here, we applied proteomics to analyze the protein cargos of sEVs derived from proliferating, quiescent, and reactivating NSCs. Our findings revealed fluctuation of expression levels and functional clusters of gene ontology annotations of differentially expressed proteins especially in protein translation and vesicular transport among three sources of exosomes. Moreover, the use of exosome inhibitors revealed exosome contribution to entrance into as well as maintenance of quiescence. Exosome inhibition delayed entrance into quiescence, induced quiescent NSCs to exit from the G0 phase of the cell cycle, and significantly upregulated protein translation in quiescent NSCs. Our results suggest that NSC exosomes are involved in attenuating protein synthesis and thereby regulating the quiescence of NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtian Zhang
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junki Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koshi Imami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Kageyama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Taeko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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19
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Gillotin S, Sahni V, Lepko T, Hanspal MA, Swartz JE, Alexopoulou Z, Marshall FH. Targeting impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis in ageing by leveraging intrinsic mechanisms regulating Neural Stem Cell activity. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101447. [PMID: 34403830 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in adult neurogenesis may contribute to the aetiology of many neurodevelopmental, psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Genetic ablation of neurogenesis provides proof of concept that adult neurogenesis is required to sustain complex and dynamic cognitive functions, such as learning and memory, mostly by providing a high degree of plasticity to neuronal circuits. In addition, adult neurogenesis is reactive to external stimuli and the environment making it particularly susceptible to impairment and consequently contributing to comorbidity. In the human brain, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is the main active source of neural stem cells that generate granule neurons throughout life. The regulation and preservation of the pool of neural stem cells is central to ensure continuous and healthy adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Recent advances in genetic and metabolic profiling alongside development of more predictive animal models have contributed to the development of new concepts and the emergence of molecular mechanisms that could pave the way to the implementation of new therapeutic strategies to treat neurological diseases. In this review, we discuss emerging molecular mechanisms underlying AHN that could be embraced in drug discovery to generate novel concepts and targets to treat diseases of ageing including neurodegeneration. To support this, we review cellular and molecular mechanisms that have recently been identified to assess how AHN is sustained throughout life and how AHN is associated with diseases. We also provide an outlook on strategies for developing correlated biomarkers that may accelerate the translation of pre-clinical and clinical data and review clinical trials for which modulation of AHN is part of the therapeutic strategy.
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20
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Rovira M, Atla G, Maestro MA, Grau V, García-Hurtado J, Maqueda M, Mosquera JL, Yamada Y, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Ferrer J. REST is a major negative regulator of endocrine differentiation during pancreas organogenesis. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1229-1242. [PMID: 34385258 PMCID: PMC8415321 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348501.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Rovira et al. report that inactivation of the transcriptional repressor REST causes a drastic increase in pancreatic endocrine progenitors and endocrine cells, and establish that REST is a major negative regulator of embryonic pancreas endocrine differentiation in mice and zebrafish. Their findings show that REST-dependent inhibition ensures a balanced production of endocrine cells from embryonic pancreatic progenitors. Multiple transcription factors have been shown to promote pancreatic β-cell differentiation, yet much less is known about negative regulators. Earlier epigenomic studies suggested that the transcriptional repressor REST could be a suppressor of endocrinogenesis in the embryonic pancreas. However, pancreatic Rest knockout mice failed to show abnormal numbers of endocrine cells, suggesting that REST is not a major regulator of endocrine differentiation. Using a different conditional allele that enables profound REST inactivation, we observed a marked increase in pancreatic endocrine cell formation. REST inhibition also promoted endocrinogenesis in zebrafish and mouse early postnatal ducts and induced β-cell-specific genes in human adult duct-derived organoids. We also defined genomic sites that are bound and repressed by REST in the embryonic pancreas. Our findings show that REST-dependent inhibition ensures a balanced production of endocrine cells from embryonic pancreatic progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Rovira
- Department of Physiological Science, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain.,Pancreas Regeneration: Pancreatic Progenitors and Their Niche Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain.,Program for Advancing the Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia (P-CMR[C]), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Goutham Atla
- Regulatory Genomics and Diabetes, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Maestro
- Regulatory Genomics and Diabetes, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Vane Grau
- Regulatory Genomics and Diabetes, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Javier García-Hurtado
- Regulatory Genomics and Diabetes, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Maria Maqueda
- Bioinformatics Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Mosquera
- Bioinformatics Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- Institute Pasteur Lille, University of Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), U1190, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille F-59000, France
| | - Francois Pattou
- Institute Pasteur Lille, University of Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), U1190, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille F-59000, France
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- Regulatory Genomics and Diabetes, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain.,Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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21
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Zocher S, Overall RW, Berdugo-Vega G, Rund N, Karasinsky A, Adusumilli VS, Steinhauer C, Scheibenstock S, Händler K, Schultze JL, Calegari F, Kempermann G. De novo DNA methylation controls neuronal maturation during adult hippocampal neurogenesis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107100. [PMID: 34337766 PMCID: PMC8441477 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis enables the life‐long addition of functional neurons to the hippocampus and is regulated by both cell‐intrinsic molecular programs and behavioral activity. De novo DNA methylation is crucial for embryonic brain development, but its role during adult hippocampal neurogenesis has remained unknown. Here, we show that de novo DNA methylation is critical for maturation and functional integration of adult‐born neurons in the mouse hippocampus. Bisulfite sequencing revealed that de novo DNA methyltransferases target neuronal enhancers and gene bodies during adult hippocampal neural stem cell differentiation, to establish neuronal methylomes and facilitate transcriptional up‐regulation of neuronal genes. Inducible deletion of both de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in adult neural stem cells did not affect proliferation or fate specification, but specifically impaired dendritic outgrowth and synaptogenesis of newborn neurons, thereby hampering their functional maturation. Consequently, abolishing de novo DNA methylation modulated activation patterns in the hippocampal circuitry and caused specific deficits in hippocampus‐dependent learning and memory. Our results demonstrate that proper establishment of neuronal methylomes during adult neurogenesis is fundamental for hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zocher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rupert W Overall
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriel Berdugo-Vega
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Rund
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Karasinsky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vijay S Adusumilli
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christina Steinhauer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sina Scheibenstock
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristian Händler
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Federico Calegari
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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22
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The Genome-Wide Binding Profile for Human RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor Unveils a Unique Genetic Circuitry in Hippocampus. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6582-6595. [PMID: 34210779 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2059-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early studies in mouse neurodevelopment led to the discovery of the RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) and its role as a master repressor of neuronal gene expression. Recently, REST was reported to also repress neuronal genes in the human adult brain. These genes were found to be involved in pro-apoptotic pathways; and their repression, associated with increased REST levels during aging, were found to be neuroprotective and conserved across species. However, direct genome-wide REST binding profiles for REST in adult brain have not been identified for any species. Here, we apply this approach to mouse and human hippocampus. We find an expansion of REST binding sites in the human hippocampus that are lacking in both mouse hippocampus and other human non-neuronal cell types. The unique human REST binding sites are associated with genes involved in innate immunity processes and inflammation signaling which, on the basis of histology and recent public transcriptomic analyses, suggest that these new target genes are repressed in glia. We propose that the increases in REST expression in mid-adulthood presage the beginning of brain aging, and that human REST function has evolved to protect the longevity and function of both neurons and glia in human brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) repressor has served historically as a model for gene regulation during mouse neurogenesis. Recent studies of REST have also suggested a conserved role for REST repressor function across lower species during aging. However, direct genome-wide studies for REST have been lacking for human brain. Here, we perform the first genome-wide analysis of REST binding in both human and mouse hippocampus. The majority of REST-occupied genes in human hippocampus are distinct from those in mouse. Further, the REST-associated genes unique to human hippocampus represent a new set related to innate immunity and inflammation, where their gene dysregulation has been implicated in aging-related neuropathology, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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23
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Bolton JL, Schulmann A, Garcia-Curran MM, Regev L, Chen Y, Kamei N, Shao M, Singh-Taylor A, Jiang S, Noam Y, Molet J, Mortazavi A, Baram TZ. Unexpected Transcriptional Programs Contribute to Hippocampal Memory Deficits and Neuronal Stunting after Early-Life Adversity. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108511. [PMID: 33326786 PMCID: PMC7817243 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life adversity (ELA) is associated with lifelong memory deficits, yet the responsible mechanisms remain unclear. We impose ELA by rearing rat pups in simulated poverty, assess hippocampal memory, and probe changes in gene expression, their transcriptional regulation, and the consequent changes in hippocampal neuronal structure. ELA rats have poor hippocampal memory and stunted hippocampal pyramidal neurons associated with ~140 differentially expressed genes. Upstream regulators of the altered genes include glucocorticoid receptor and, unexpectedly, the transcription factor neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF/REST). NRSF contributes critically to the memory deficits because blocking its function transiently following ELA rescues spatial memory and restores the dendritic arborization of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in ELA rats. Blocking NRSF function in vitro augments dendritic complexity of developing hippocampal neurons, suggesting that NRSF represses genes involved in neuronal maturation. These findings establish important, surprising contributions of NRSF to ELA-induced transcriptional programming that disrupts hippocampal maturation and memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bolton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA
| | - Anton Schulmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA
| | - Megan M Garcia-Curran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA
| | - Limor Regev
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA
| | - Yuncai Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA
| | - Noriko Kamei
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA
| | - Manlin Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA
| | - Akanksha Singh-Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA
| | - Yoav Noam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA
| | - Jenny Molet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA
| | - Tallie Z Baram
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA.
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24
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Mitra A, Raicu AM, Hickey SL, Pile LA, Arnosti DN. Soft repression: Subtle transcriptional regulation with global impact. Bioessays 2020; 43:e2000231. [PMID: 33215731 PMCID: PMC9068271 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pleiotropically acting eukaryotic corepressors such as retinoblastoma and SIN3 have been found to physically interact with many widely expressed “housekeeping” genes. Evidence suggests that their roles at these loci are not to provide binary on/off switches, as is observed at many highly cell-type specific genes, but rather to serve as governors, directly modulating expression within certain bounds, while not shutting down gene expression. This sort of regulation is challenging to study, as the differential expression levels can be small. We hypothesize that depending on context, corepressors mediate “soft repression,” attenuating expression in a less dramatic but physiologically appropriate manner. Emerging data indicate that such regulation is a pervasive characteristic of most eukaryotic systems, and may reflect the mechanistic differences between repressor action at promoter and enhancer locations. Soft repression may represent an essential component of the cybernetic systems underlying metabolic adaptations, enabling modest but critical adjustments on a continual basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Mitra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ana-Maria Raicu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephanie L Hickey
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Lori A Pile
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - David N Arnosti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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25
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Yu T, Quan H, Xu Y, Dou Y, Wang F, Lin Y, Qi X, Zhao Y, Liu X. A β-Induced Repressor Element 1-Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) Gene Delivery Suppresses Activation of Microglia-Like BV-2 Cells. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8888871. [PMID: 33029126 PMCID: PMC7528025 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8888871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence from basic molecular biology has demonstrated the crucial role of microglia in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia were believed to play a dual role in both promoting and inhibiting Alzheimer's disease progression. It is of great significance to regulate the function of microglia and make them develop in a favorable way. In the present study, we investigated the function of repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST) in Aβ 1-42-induced BV-2 cell dysfunction. We concluded that Aβ 1-42 could promote type I activation of BV-2 cells and induce cell proliferation, migration, and proinflammation cytokine TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression. Meanwhile, REST was upregulated, and nuclear translocalization took place due to Aβ 1-42 stimulation. When REST was knocked down by a specific short hairpin RNA (sh-RNA), BV-2 cell proliferation, migration, and proinflammation cytokine expression and secretion induced by Aβ 1-42 were increased, demonstrating that REST may act as a repressor of microglia-like BV-2 cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongya Yu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Rd. 301#, Jingan District, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Hui Quan
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Rd. 301#, Jingan District, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Rd. 301#, Jingan District, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Yunxiao Dou
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Rd. 301#, Jingan District, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Feihong Wang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Nanjing Medical University, Middle Yanchang Rd. 301#, Jingan District, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Yingying Lin
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Rd. 301#, Jingan District, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Xue Qi
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Rd. 301#, Jingan District, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Rd. 301#, Jingan District, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Xueyuan Liu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Rd. 301#, Jingan District, Shanghai, China 200072
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26
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Quiescent stem cell marker genes in glioma gene networks are sufficient to distinguish between normal and glioblastoma (GBM) samples. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10937. [PMID: 32616845 PMCID: PMC7363816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grade 4 glioma or GBM has poor prognosis and is the most aggressive grade of glioma. Accurate diagnosis and classification of tumor grade is a critical determinant for development of treatment pathway. Extensive genomic sequencing of gliomas, different cell types, brain tissue regions and advances in bioinformatics algorithms, have presented an opportunity to identify molecular markers that can complement existing histology and imaging methods used to diagnose and classify gliomas. ‘Cancer stem cell theory’ purports that a minor population of stem cells among the heterogeneous population of different cell types in the tumor, drive tumor growth and resistance to therapies. However, characterization of stem cell states in GBM and ability of stem cell state signature genes to serve as diagnostic or prognostic molecular markers are unknown. In this work, two different network construction algorithms, Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and Multiscale Clustering of Geometric Network (MEGENA), were applied on publicly available glioma, control brain and stem cell gene expression RNA-seq datasets, to identify gene network regulatory modules associated with GBM. Both gene network algorithms identified consensus or equivalent modules, HuAgeGBsplit_18 (WGCNA) and c1_HuAgeGBsplit_32/193 (MEGENA), significantly associated with GBM. Characterization of HuAgeGBsplit_18 (WGCNA) and c1_HuAgeGBsplit_32/193 (MEGENA) modules showed significant enrichment of rodent quiescent stem cell marker genes (GSE70696_QNPbyTAP). A logistic regression model built with eight of these quiescent stem cell marker genes (GSE70696_QNPbyTAP) was sufficient to distinguish between control and GBM samples. This study demonstrates that GBM associated gene regulatory modules are characterized by diagnostic quiescent stem cell marker genes, which may potentially be used clinically as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in GBM.
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27
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He P, Williams BA, Trout D, Marinov GK, Amrhein H, Berghella L, Goh ST, Plajzer-Frick I, Afzal V, Pennacchio LA, Dickel DE, Visel A, Ren B, Hardison RC, Zhang Y, Wold BJ. The changing mouse embryo transcriptome at whole tissue and single-cell resolution. Nature 2020; 583:760-767. [PMID: 32728245 PMCID: PMC7410830 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During mammalian embryogenesis, differential gene expression gradually builds the identity and complexity of each tissue and organ system1. Here we systematically quantified mouse polyA-RNA from day 10.5 of embryonic development to birth, sampling 17 tissues and organs. The resulting developmental transcriptome is globally structured by dynamic cytodifferentiation, body-axis and cell-proliferation gene sets that were further characterized by the transcription factor motif codes of their promoters. We decomposed the tissue-level transcriptome using single-cell RNA-seq (sequencing of RNA reverse transcribed into cDNA) and found that neurogenesis and haematopoiesis dominate at both the gene and cellular levels, jointly accounting for one-third of differential gene expression and more than 40% of identified cell types. By integrating promoter sequence motifs with companion ENCODE epigenomic profiles, we identified a prominent promoter de-repression mechanism in neuronal expression clusters that was attributable to known and novel repressors. Focusing on the developing limb, single-cell RNA data identified 25 candidate cell types that included progenitor and differentiating states with computationally inferred lineage relationships. We extracted cell-type transcription factor networks and complementary sets of candidate enhancer elements by using single-cell RNA-seq to decompose integrative cis-element (IDEAS) models that were derived from whole-tissue epigenome chromatin data. These ENCODE reference data, computed network components and IDEAS chromatin segmentations are companion resources to the matching epigenomic developmental matrix, and are available for researchers to further mine and integrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
| | - Brian A Williams
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Diane Trout
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Henry Amrhein
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Libera Berghella
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Say-Tar Goh
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid Plajzer-Frick
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Veena Afzal
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Len A Pennacchio
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Comparative Biochemistry Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Diane E Dickel
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Axel Visel
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ross C Hardison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Barbara J Wold
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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28
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Huang D, Li Q, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wang Z, Li H, Wang J, Su J, Ma Y, Yu M, Fei J, Huang F. Brain-specific NRSF deficiency aggravates dopaminergic neurodegeneration and impairs neurogenesis in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:3280-3297. [PMID: 31147527 PMCID: PMC6555471 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the resultant dopamine depletion from the striatum are the hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) and are responsible for the disease's cardinal motor symptoms. The transcriptional repressor Neuron-Restrictive Silencer Factor (NRSF), also known as RE1-Silencing Transcription Factor (REST), was originally identified as a negative regulator of neuron-specific genes in non-neuronal cells. Our previous study showed that mice deficient in neuronal NRSF/REST expression were more vulnerable to the noxious effects of the dopaminergic neurotoxin MPTP. Here, we found that brain-specific deletion of NRSF/REST led to more severe damages to the nigrostriatal pathway and long-lasting behavioral impairments in mice challenged with MPTP. Moreover, compared to wild-type controls, these mice showed increased neurogenesis shortly after MPTP exposure, but reduced neurogenesis later on. These results suggest that NRSF/REST acts as a negative modulator of neurogenesis and a pro-survival factor of neural stem cells under both normal conditions and during the course of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Huang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhaolin Liu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zishan Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Fei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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29
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Ye B, Yang L, Qian G, Liu B, Zhu X, Zhu P, Ma J, Xie W, Li H, Lu T, Wang Y, Wang S, Du Y, Wang Z, Jiang J, Li J, Fan D, Meng S, Wu J, Tian Y, Fan Z. The chromatin remodeler SRCAP promotes self-renewal of intestinal stem cells. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103786. [PMID: 32449550 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) exhibit self-renewal and differentiation features under homeostatic conditions, but the mechanisms controlling Lgr5 + ISC self-renewal remain elusive. Here, we show that the chromatin remodeler SRCAP is highly expressed in mouse intestinal epithelium and ISCs. Srcap deletion impairs both self-renewal of ISCs and intestinal epithelial regeneration. Mechanistically, SRCAP recruits the transcriptional regulator REST to the Prdm16 promoter and induces expression of this transcription factor. By activating PPARδ expression, Prdm16 in turn initiates PPARδ signaling, which sustains ISC stemness. Rest or Prdm16 deficiency abrogates the self-renewal capacity of ISCs as well as intestinal epithelial regeneration. Collectively, these data show that the SRCAP-REST-Prdm16-PPARδ axis is required for self-renewal maintenance of Lgr5 + ISCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buqing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liuliu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guomin Qian
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Benyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimu Li
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianku Lu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Du
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Genome Tagging Project (GTP) Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Genome Tagging Project (GTP) Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongdong Fan
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Meng
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zusen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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30
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Waking up quiescent neural stem cells: Molecular mechanisms and implications in neurodevelopmental disorders. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008653. [PMID: 32324743 PMCID: PMC7179833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are crucial for development, regeneration, and repair of the nervous system. Most NSCs in mammalian adult brains are quiescent, but in response to extrinsic stimuli, they can exit from quiescence and become reactivated to give rise to new neurons. The delicate balance between NSC quiescence and activation is important for adult neurogenesis and NSC maintenance. However, how NSCs transit between quiescence and activation remains largely elusive. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the reactivation of quiescent NSCs. We review recent advances on signaling pathways originated from the NSC niche and their crosstalk in regulating NSC reactivation. We also highlight new intrinsic paradigms that control NSC reactivation in Drosophila and mammalian systems. We also discuss emerging evidence on modeling human neurodevelopmental disorders using NSCs.
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31
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Communication, Cross Talk, and Signal Integration in the Adult Hippocampal Neurogenic Niche. Neuron 2020; 105:220-235. [PMID: 31972145 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radial glia-like neural stem cells (RGLs) in the dentate gyrus subregion of the hippocampus give rise to dentate granule cells (DGCs) and astrocytes throughout life, a process referred to as adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is sensitive to experiences, suggesting that it may represent an adaptive mechanism by which hippocampal circuitry is modified in response to environmental demands. Experiential information is conveyed to RGLs, progenitors, and adult-born DGCs via the neurogenic niche that is composed of diverse cell types, extracellular matrix, and afferents. Understanding how the niche performs its functions may guide strategies to maintain its health span and provide a permissive milieu for neurogenesis. Here, we first discuss representative contributions of niche cell types to regulation of neural stem cell (NSC) homeostasis and maturation of adult-born DGCs. We then consider mechanisms by which the activity of multiple niche cell types may be coordinated to communicate signals to NSCs. Finally, we speculate how NSCs integrate niche-derived signals to govern their regulation.
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32
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Loss of RE-1 silencing transcription factor accelerates exocrine damage from pancreatic injury. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:138. [PMID: 32080178 PMCID: PMC7033132 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of pancreas plasticity is critical for preventing injury and promoting regeneration upon tissue damage. The intricate process of pancreatic differentiation is governed by an orchestrated network of positive and negative transcription factors for appropriate gene expression. While the transcriptional repressor REST is well characterized as a silencer of neuronal genes in non-neuronal cells, the role of REST in regulating exocrine pancreas cell identity remains largely unexplored. Rest expression is increased upon injury in the mouse pancreas, such as induced acute and chronic pancreatitis and ductal adenocarcinoma. At the cellular level, Rest expression is lower in mature acinar cells compared with pancreas progenitor and ductal cells. To investigate the role of REST activity in pancreatic transdifferentiation and homeostasis, we developed a novel mouse model (Cre/RESTfl/fl) with conditional knockout (KO) of Rest expression within pancreas cells. The high Cre-mediated excision efficiency of Rest exon two KO caused decreased Rest expression and activity within the pancreas. Short-term organoid cultures of pancreatic acini to undergo acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) showed that loss of REST impedes induced ADM, while overexpression of REST increases ADM. Interestingly, REST ablation accelerated acute pancreatitis in mice treated with the cholecystokinin analog caerulein, as indicated by cellular morphology, elevated serum amylase levels and pancreatic edema. Furthermore, Cre/RESTfl/fl mice were more sensitive to acute pancreatitis injury and displayed augmented tissue damage and cellular lesions. These results suggest REST has a novel protective role against pancreatic tissue damage by acting as a regulator of exocrine cell identity.
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33
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Yang CH, Di Antonio A, Kirschen GW, Varma P, Hsieh J, Ge S. Circuit Integration Initiation of New Hippocampal Neurons in the Adult Brain. Cell Rep 2020; 30:959-968.e3. [PMID: 31995766 PMCID: PMC7011119 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult brain, new dentate granule cells integrate into neural circuits and participate in hippocampal functioning. However, when and how they initiate this integration remain poorly understood. Using retroviral and live-imaging methods, we find that new neurons undergo neurite remodeling for competitive horizontal-to-radial repositioning in the dentate gyrus prior to circuit integration. Gene expression profiling, lipidomics analysis, and molecular interrogation of new neurons during this period reveal a rapid activation of sphingolipid signaling mediated by sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1. Genetic manipulation of this G protein-coupled receptor reveals its requirement for successful repositioning of new neurons. This receptor is also activated by hippocampus-engaged behaviors, which enhances repositioning efficiency. These findings reveal that activity-dependent sphingolipid signaling regulates cellular repositioning of new dentate granule cells. The competitive horizontal-to-radial repositioning of new neurons may provide a gating strategy in the adult brain to limit the integration of new neurons into pre-existing circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Adrian Di Antonio
- Program in Neuroscience, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Gregory W Kirschen
- Medical Science Training Program, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Parul Varma
- Department of Biology and Brain Health Consortium, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Jenny Hsieh
- Department of Biology and Brain Health Consortium, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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Ganesh K, Basnet H, Kaygusuz Y, Laughney AM, He L, Sharma R, O'Rourke KP, Reuter VP, Huang YH, Turkekul M, Emrah E, Masilionis I, Manova-Todorova K, Weiser MR, Saltz LB, Garcia-Aguilar J, Koche R, Lowe SW, Pe'er D, Shia J, Massagué J. L1CAM defines the regenerative origin of metastasis-initiating cells in colorectal cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:28-45. [PMID: 32656539 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-019-0006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis-initiating cells with stem-like properties drive cancer lethality, yet their origins and relationship to primary-tumor-initiating stem cells are not known. We show that L1CAM+ cells in human colorectal cancer (CRC) have metastasis-initiating capacity, and we define their relationship to tissue regeneration. L1CAM is not expressed in the homeostatic intestinal epithelium, but is induced and required for epithelial regeneration following colitis and in CRC organoid growth. By using human tissues and mouse models, we show that L1CAM is dispensable for adenoma initiation but required for orthotopic carcinoma propagation, liver metastatic colonization and chemoresistance. L1CAMhigh cells partially overlap with LGR5high stem-like cells in human CRC organoids. Disruption of intercellular epithelial contacts causes E-cadherin-REST transcriptional derepression of L1CAM, switching chemoresistant CRC progenitors from an L1CAMlow to an L1CAMhigh state. Thus, L1CAM dependency emerges in regenerative intestinal cells when epithelial integrity is lost, a phenotype of wound healing deployed in metastasis-initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Ganesh
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harihar Basnet
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Harihar Basnet, Yasemin Kaygusuz, Ashley M. Laughney
| | - Yasemin Kaygusuz
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Harihar Basnet, Yasemin Kaygusuz, Ashley M. Laughney
| | - Ashley M Laughney
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Present address: Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Harihar Basnet, Yasemin Kaygusuz, Ashley M. Laughney
| | - Lan He
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roshan Sharma
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Applied Physics and Applied Math, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Present address: New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin P O'Rourke
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vincent P Reuter
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yun-Han Huang
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mesruh Turkekul
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ekrem Emrah
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Present address: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ignas Masilionis
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katia Manova-Todorova
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin R Weiser
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonard B Saltz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julio Garcia-Aguilar
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinru Shia
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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35
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Poiana G, Gioia R, Sineri S, Cardarelli S, Lupo G, Cacci E. Transcriptional regulation of adult neural stem/progenitor cells: tales from the subventricular zone. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1773-1783. [PMID: 32246617 PMCID: PMC7513981 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.280301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In rodents, well characterized neurogenic niches of the adult brain, such as the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the hippocampus, support the maintenance of neural/stem progenitor cells (NSPCs) and the production of new neurons throughout the lifespan. The adult neurogenic process is dependent on the intrinsic gene expression signatures of NSPCs that make them competent for self-renewal and neuronal differentiation. At the same time, it is receptive to regulation by various extracellular signals that allow the modulation of neuronal production and integration into brain circuitries by various physiological stimuli. A drawback of this plasticity is the sensitivity of adult neurogenesis to alterations of the niche environment that can occur due to aging, injury or disease. At the core of the molecular mechanisms regulating neurogenesis, several transcription factors have been identified that maintain NSPC identity and mediate NSPC response to extrinsic cues. Here, we focus on REST, Egr1 and Dbx2 and their roles in adult neurogenesis, especially in the subventricular zone. We review recent work from our and other laboratories implicating these transcription factors in the control of NSPC proliferation and differentiation and in the response of NSPCs to extrinsic influences from the niche. We also discuss how their altered regulation may affect the neurogenic process in the aged and in the diseased brain. Finally, we highlight key open questions that need to be addressed to foster our understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms controlling adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Poiana
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gioia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Sineri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Cardarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lupo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cacci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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36
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Garcia-Manteiga JM, D’Alessandro R, Meldolesi J. News about the Role of the Transcription Factor REST in Neurons: From Physiology to Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E235. [PMID: 31905747 PMCID: PMC6982158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) (known also as NRSF) is a well-known transcription repressor whose strong decrease induces the distinction of neurons with respect to the other cells. Such distinction depends on the marked increased/decreased expression of specific genes, accompanied by parallel changes of the corresponding proteins. Many properties of REST had been identified in the past. Here we report those identified during the last 5 years. Among physiological discoveries are hundreds of genes governed directly/indirectly by REST, the mechanisms of its neuron/fibroblast conversions, and the cooperations with numerous distinct factors induced at the epigenetic level and essential for REST specific functions. New effects induced in neurons during brain diseases depend on the localization of REST, in the nucleus, where functions and toxicity occur, and in the cytoplasm. The effects of REST, including cell aggression or protection, are variable in neurodegenerative diseases in view of the distinct mechanisms of their pathology. Moreover, cooperations are among the mechanisms that govern the severity of brain cancers, glioblastomas, and medulloblastomas. Interestingly, the role in cancers is relevant also for therapeutic perspectives affecting the REST cooperations. In conclusion, part of the new REST knowledge in physiology and pathology appears promising for future developments in research and brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacopo Meldolesi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience, San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
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37
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hASH1 nuclear localization persists in neuroendocrine transdifferentiated prostate cancer cells, even upon reintroduction of androgen. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19076. [PMID: 31836808 PMCID: PMC6911083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is thought to arise as prostate adenocarcinoma cells transdifferentiate into neuroendocrine (NE) cells to escape potent anti-androgen therapies however, the exact molecular events accompanying NE transdifferentiation and their plasticity remain poorly defined. Cell fate regulator ASCL1/hASH1's expression was markedly induced in androgen deprived (AD) LNCaP cells and prominent nuclear localisation accompanied acquisition of the NE-like morphology and expression of NE markers (NSE). By contrast, androgen-insensitive PC3 and DU145 cells displayed clear nuclear hASH1 localisation under control conditions that was unchanged by AD, suggesting AR signalling negatively regulated hASH1 expression and localisation. Synthetic androgen (R1881) prevented NE transdifferentiation of AD LNCaP cells and markedly suppressed expression of key regulators of lineage commitment and neurogenesis (REST and ASCL1/hASH1). Post-AD, NE LNCaP cells rapidly lost NE-like morphology following R1881 treatment, yet ASCL1/hASH1 expression was resistant to R1881 treatment and hASH1 nuclear localisation remained evident in apparently dedifferentiated LNCaP cells. Consequently, NE cells may not fully revert to an epithelial state and retain key NE-like features, suggesting a "hybrid" phenotype. This could fuel greater NE transdifferentiation, therapeutic resistance and NEPC evolution upon subsequent androgen deprivation. Such knowledge could facilitate CRPC tumour stratification and identify targets for more effective NEPC management.
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38
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Quiescence of Adult Mammalian Neural Stem Cells: A Highly Regulated Rest. Neuron 2019; 104:834-848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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39
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Neuronal network dysfunction in a model for Kleefstra syndrome mediated by enhanced NMDAR signaling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4928. [PMID: 31666522 PMCID: PMC6821803 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kleefstra syndrome (KS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the histone methyltransferase EHMT1. To study the impact of decreased EHMT1 function in human cells, we generated excitatory cortical neurons from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells derived from KS patients. Neuronal networks of patient-derived cells exhibit network bursting with a reduced rate, longer duration, and increased temporal irregularity compared to control networks. We show that these changes are mediated by upregulation of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunit 1 correlating with reduced deposition of the repressive H3K9me2 mark, the catalytic product of EHMT1, at the GRIN1 promoter. In mice EHMT1 deficiency leads to similar neuronal network impairments with increased NMDAR function. Finally, we rescue the KS patient-derived neuronal network phenotypes by pharmacological inhibition of NMDARs. Summarized, we demonstrate a direct link between EHMT1 deficiency and NMDAR hyperfunction in human neurons, providing a potential basis for more targeted therapeutic approaches for KS.
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40
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RE-1 silencing transcription factor alleviates the growth-suppressive effects of propofol on mouse neuronal cells. Neuroreport 2019; 30:1025-1030. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Roballo KCS, da Silveira JC, Bressan FF, de Souza AF, Pereira VM, Porras JEP, Rós FA, Pulz LH, Strefezzi RDF, Martins DDS, Meirelles FV, Ambrósio CE. Neurons-derived extracellular vesicles promote neural differentiation of ADSCs: a model to prevent peripheral nerve degeneration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11213. [PMID: 31371742 PMCID: PMC6671995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential mechanisms involved in neural differentiation of adipocyte derived stem cells (ADSCs) are still unclear. In the present study, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were tested as a potential mechanism involved in the neuronal differentiation of stem cells. In order to address this, ADSCs and neurons (BRC) were established in primary culture and co-culture at three timepoints. Furthermore, we evaluated protein and transcript levels of differentiated ADSCs from the same timepoints, to confirm phenotype change to neuronal linage. Importantly, neuron-derived EVs cargo and EVs originated from co-culture were analyzed and tested in terms of function, such as gene expression and microRNA levels related to the adult neurogenesis process. Ideal neuron-like cells were identified and, therefore, we speculated the in vivo function of these cells in acute sciatic nerve injury. Overall, our data demonstrated that ADSCs in indirect contact with neurons differentiated into neuron-like cells. Neuron-derived EVs appear to play an important role in this process carrying SNAP25, miR-132 and miR-9. Additionally, in vivo neuron-like cells helped in microenvironment modulation probably preventing peripheral nerve injury degeneration. Consequently, our findings provide new insight of future methods of ADSC induction into neuronal linage to be applied in peripheral nerve (PN) injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Cristine Santos Roballo
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Fernanda de Souza
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitoria Mattos Pereira
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Eliecer Pinzon Porras
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Posgraduation, University National of Columbia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Felipe Augusto Rós
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Lidia Hildebrand Pulz
- Experimental and Comparative Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 - Butantã, 05508-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Francisco Strefezzi
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.,Experimental and Comparative Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 - Butantã, 05508-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Dos Santos Martins
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavio Vieira Meirelles
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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42
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Morales AV, Mira H. Adult Neural Stem Cells: Born to Last. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:96. [PMID: 31214589 PMCID: PMC6557982 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of new neurons is a lifelong process in many vertebrate species that provides an extra level of plasticity to several brain circuits. Frequently, neurogenesis in the adult brain is considered a continuation of earlier developmental processes as it relies in the persistence of neural stem cells, similar to radial glia, known as radial glia-like cells (RGLs). However, adult RGLs are not just leftovers of progenitors that remain in hidden niches in the brain after development has finished. Rather, they seem to be specified and set aside at specific times and places during embryonic and postnatal development. The adult RGLs present several cellular and molecular properties that differ from those observed in developmental radial glial cells such as an extended cell cycle length, acquisition of a quiescence state, a more restricted multipotency and distinct transcriptomic programs underlying those cellular processes. In this minireview, we will discuss the recent attempts to determine how, when and where are the adult RGLs specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixa V Morales
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Mira
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
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Mampay M, Sheridan GK. REST: An epigenetic regulator of neuronal stress responses in the young and ageing brain. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 53:100744. [PMID: 31004616 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional repressor REST (Repressor Element-1 Silencing Transcription factor) is a key modulator of the neuronal epigenome and targets genes involved in neuronal differentiation, axonal growth, vesicular transport, ion channel conductance and synaptic plasticity. Whilst its gene expression-modifying properties have been examined extensively in neuronal development, REST's response towards stress-induced neuronal insults has only recently been explored. Overall, REST appears to be an ideal candidate to fine-tune neuronal gene expression following different forms of cellular, neuropathological, psychological and physical stressors. Upregulation of REST is reportedly protective against premature neural stem cell depletion, neuronal hyperexcitability, oxidative stress, neuroendocrine system dysfunction and neuropathology. In contrast, neuronal REST activation has also been linked to neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Here, we highlight key findings and discrepancies surrounding our current understanding of REST's function in neuronal adaptation to stress and explore its potential role in neuronal stress resilience in the young and ageing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe Mampay
- Neuroimmunology & Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Graham K Sheridan
- Neuroimmunology & Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
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The role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in brain health and disease. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:67-87. [PMID: 29679070 PMCID: PMC6195869 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is highly regulated by a number of environmental and cell-intrinsic factors to adapt to environmental changes. Accumulating evidence suggests that adult-born neurons may play distinct physiological roles in hippocampus-dependent functions, such as memory encoding and mood regulation. In addition, several brain diseases, such as neurological diseases and mood disorders, have deleterious effects on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and some symptoms of those diseases can be partially explained by the dysregulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Here we review a possible link between the physiological functions of adult-born neurons and their roles in pathological conditions.
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Burkholder NT, Mayfield JE, Yu X, Irani S, Arce DK, Jiang F, Matthews WL, Xue Y, Zhang YJ. Phosphatase activity of small C-terminal domain phosphatase 1 (SCP1) controls the stability of the key neuronal regulator RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST). J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16851-16861. [PMID: 30217818 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) is the major scaffold protein for assembly of neuronal gene silencing complexes that suppress gene transcription through regulating the surrounding chromatin structure. REST represses neuronal gene expression in stem cells and non-neuronal cells, but it is minimally expressed in neuronal cells to ensure proper neuronal development. Dysregulation of REST function has been implicated in several cancers and neurological diseases. Modulating REST gene silencing is challenging because cellular and developmental differences can affect its activity. We therefore considered the possibility of modulating REST activity through its regulatory proteins. The human small C-terminal domain phosphatase 1 (SCP1) regulates the phosphorylation state of REST at sites that function as REST degradation checkpoints. Using kinetic analysis and direct visualization with X-ray crystallography, we show that SCP1 dephosphorylates two degron phosphosites of REST with a clear preference for phosphoserine 861 (pSer-861). Furthermore, we show that SCP1 stabilizes REST protein levels, which sustains REST's gene silencing function in HEK293 cells. In summary, our findings strongly suggest that REST is a bona fide substrate for SCP1 in vivo and that SCP1 phosphatase activity protects REST against degradation. These observations indicate that targeting REST via its regulatory protein SCP1 can modulate its activity and alter signaling in this essential developmental pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaohua Yu
- the Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and
| | | | | | - Faqin Jiang
- the School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | - Yuanchao Xue
- the Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and
| | - Yan Jessie Zhang
- From the Departments of Molecular Biosciences and .,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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Review: adult neurogenesis contributes to hippocampal plasticity. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 373:693-709. [PMID: 29185071 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is the process by which new functional neurons are added to the adult dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Animal studies have shown that the degree of adult hippocampal neurogenesis is regulated by local environmental cues as well as neural network activities. Furthermore, accumulating evidence has suggested that adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays prominent roles in hippocampus-dependent brain functions. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis at various developmental stages and propose how adult-born neurons contribute to structural and functional hippocampal plasticity.
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