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Wang Y, Wu L, Wang T, Liu J, Li F, Jiang L, Fan Z, Yu Y, Chen N, Sun Q, Tan Q, Hua T, Liu ZJ. Cryo-EM structure of cannabinoid receptor CB1-β-arrestin complex. Protein Cell 2024; 15:230-234. [PMID: 38102480 PMCID: PMC10903984 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Wang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tian Wang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fei Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Longquan Jiang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhongbo Fan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Na Chen
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qiwen Tan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tian Hua
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
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2
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Castiglione GM, Chiu YLI, Gutierrez EDA, Van Nynatten A, Hauser FE, Preston M, Bhattacharyya N, Schott RK, Chang BSW. Convergent evolution of dim light vision in owls and deep-diving whales. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4733-4740.e4. [PMID: 37776863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Animals with enhanced dim-light sensitivity are at higher risk of light-induced retinal degeneration when exposed to bright light conditions.1,2,3,4 This trade-off is mediated by the rod photoreceptor sensory protein, rhodopsin (RHO), and its toxic vitamin A chromophore by-product, all-trans retinal.5,6,7,8 Rod arrestin (Arr-1) binds to RHO and promotes sequestration of excess all-trans retinal,9,10 which has recently been suggested as a protective mechanism against photoreceptor cell death.2,11 We investigated Arr-1 evolution in animals at high risk of retinal damage due to periodic bright-light exposure of rod-dominated retinas. Here, we find the convergent evolution of enhanced Arr-1/RHO all-trans-retinal sequestration in owls and deep-diving whales. Statistical analyses reveal a parallel acceleration of Arr-1 evolutionary rates in these lineages, which is associated with the introduction of a rare Arr-1 mutation (Q69R) into the RHO-Arr-1 binding interface. Using in vitro assays, we find that this single mutation significantly enhances RHO-all-trans-retinal sequestration by ∼30%. This functional convergence across 300 million years of evolutionary divergence suggests that Arr-1 and RHO may play an underappreciated role in the photoprotection of the eye, with potentially vast clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni M Castiglione
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; Evolutionary Studies, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Yan L I Chiu
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Eduardo de A Gutierrez
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Alexander Van Nynatten
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Frances E Hauser
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Matthew Preston
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Nihar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Ryan K Schott
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; Department of Biology and Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Belinda S W Chang
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
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3
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Tatsumi R, Aihara S, Matsune S, Aoki J, Inoue A, Shimizu T, Nakamura M. Stepwise phosphorylation of BLT1 defines complex assemblies with β-arrestin serving distinct functions. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23213. [PMID: 37795742 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301440r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) utilize complex cellular systems to respond to diverse ligand concentrations. By taking BLT1, a GPCR for leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ), as a model, our previous work elucidated that this system functions through the modulation of phosphorylation status on two specific residues: Thr308 and Ser310 . Ser310 phosphorylation occurs at a lower LTB4 concentration than Thr308 , leading to a shift in ligand affinity from a high-to-low state. However, the implications of BLT1 phosphorylation in signal transduction processes or the underlying mechanisms have remained unclear. Here, we identify the sequential BLT1-engaged conformations of β-arrestin and subsequent alterations in signal transduction. Stimulation of the high-affinity BLT1 with LTB4 induces phosphorylation at Ser310 via the ERK1/2-GRK pathway, resulting in a β-arrestin-bound low-affinity state. This configuration, referred to as the "low-LTB4 -induced complex," necessitates the finger loop region and the phosphoinositide-binding motif of β-arrestins to interact with BLT1 and deactivates the ERK1/2 signaling. Under high LTB4 concentrations, the low-affinity BLT1 again binds to the ligand and triggers the generation of the low-LTB4 -induced complex into a different form termed "high-LTB4 -induced complex." This change is propelled by The308 -phosphorylation-dependent basal phosphorylation by PKCs. Within the high-LTB4 -induced complex, β-arrestin adapts a unique configuration that involves additional N domain interaction to the low-affinity BLT1 and stimulates the PI3K/AKT pathway. We propose that the stepwise phosphorylation of BLT1 defines the formation of complex assemblies, wherein β-arrestins perform distinct functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riko Tatsumi
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Saki Aihara
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Seiya Matsune
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motonao Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
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4
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Wess J, Oteng AB, Rivera-Gonzalez O, Gurevich EV, Gurevich VV. β-Arrestins: Structure, Function, Physiology, and Pharmacological Perspectives. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:854-884. [PMID: 37028945 PMCID: PMC10441628 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The two β-arrestins, β-arrestin-1 and -2 (systematic names: arrestin-2 and -3, respectively), are multifunctional intracellular proteins that regulate the activity of a very large number of cellular signaling pathways and physiologic functions. The two proteins were discovered for their ability to disrupt signaling via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) via binding to the activated receptors. However, it is now well recognized that both β-arrestins can also act as direct modulators of numerous cellular processes via either GPCR-dependent or -independent mechanisms. Recent structural, biophysical, and biochemical studies have provided novel insights into how β-arrestins bind to activated GPCRs and downstream effector proteins. Studies with β-arrestin mutant mice have identified numerous physiologic and pathophysiological processes regulated by β-arrestin-1 and/or -2. Following a short summary of recent structural studies, this review primarily focuses on β-arrestin-regulated physiologic functions, with particular focus on the central nervous system and the roles of β-arrestins in carcinogenesis and key metabolic processes including the maintenance of glucose and energy homeostasis. This review also highlights potential therapeutic implications of these studies and discusses strategies that could prove useful for targeting specific β-arrestin-regulated signaling pathways for therapeutic purposes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The two β-arrestins, structurally closely related intracellular proteins that are evolutionarily highly conserved, have emerged as multifunctional proteins able to regulate a vast array of cellular and physiological functions. The outcome of studies with β-arrestin mutant mice and cultured cells, complemented by novel insights into β-arrestin structure and function, should pave the way for the development of novel classes of therapeutically useful drugs capable of regulating specific β-arrestin functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland (J.W., A.-B.O., O.R.-G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (E.V.G., V.V.G.)
| | - Antwi-Boasiako Oteng
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland (J.W., A.-B.O., O.R.-G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (E.V.G., V.V.G.)
| | - Osvaldo Rivera-Gonzalez
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland (J.W., A.-B.O., O.R.-G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (E.V.G., V.V.G.)
| | - Eugenia V Gurevich
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland (J.W., A.-B.O., O.R.-G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (E.V.G., V.V.G.)
| | - Vsevolod V Gurevich
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland (J.W., A.-B.O., O.R.-G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (E.V.G., V.V.G.)
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5
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Grimes J, Koszegi Z, Lanoiselée Y, Miljus T, O'Brien SL, Stepniewski TM, Medel-Lacruz B, Baidya M, Makarova M, Mistry R, Goulding J, Drube J, Hoffmann C, Owen DM, Shukla AK, Selent J, Hill SJ, Calebiro D. Plasma membrane preassociation drives β-arrestin coupling to receptors and activation. Cell 2023; 186:2238-2255.e20. [PMID: 37146613 PMCID: PMC7614532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
β-arrestin plays a key role in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling and desensitization. Despite recent structural advances, the mechanisms that govern receptor-β-arrestin interactions at the plasma membrane of living cells remain elusive. Here, we combine single-molecule microscopy with molecular dynamics simulations to dissect the complex sequence of events involved in β-arrestin interactions with both receptors and the lipid bilayer. Unexpectedly, our results reveal that β-arrestin spontaneously inserts into the lipid bilayer and transiently interacts with receptors via lateral diffusion on the plasma membrane. Moreover, they indicate that, following receptor interaction, the plasma membrane stabilizes β-arrestin in a longer-lived, membrane-bound state, allowing it to diffuse to clathrin-coated pits separately from the activating receptor. These results expand our current understanding of β-arrestin function at the plasma membrane, revealing a critical role for β-arrestin preassociation with the lipid bilayer in facilitating its interactions with receptors and subsequent activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jak Grimes
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zsombor Koszegi
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yann Lanoiselée
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tamara Miljus
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Shannon L O'Brien
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tomasz M Stepniewski
- Research Program on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Brian Medel-Lacruz
- Research Program on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Mithu Baidya
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Maria Makarova
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ravi Mistry
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joëlle Goulding
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Julia Drube
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Dylan M Owen
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Arun K Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Program on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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6
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Wong TS, Li G, Li S, Gao W, Chen G, Gan S, Zhang M, Li H, Wu S, Du Y. G protein-coupled receptors in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:177. [PMID: 37137892 PMCID: PMC10154768 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are multifactorial disorders with diverse aetiological factors. Identifying treatment targets is challenging because the diseases are resulting from heterogeneous biological, genetic, and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) opens a new possibility in drug discovery. Harnessing our knowledge of molecular mechanisms and structural information of GPCRs will be advantageous for developing effective drugs. This review provides an overview of the role of GPCRs in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Besides, we highlight the emerging opportunities of novel GPCR targets and address recent progress in GPCR drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thian-Sze Wong
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Li
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyi Gan
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Manzhan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 518116, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Du
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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7
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Jobin ML, De Smedt-Peyrusse V, Ducrocq F, Baccouch R, Oummadi A, Pedersen MH, Medel-Lacruz B, Angelo MF, Villette S, Van Delft P, Fouillen L, Mongrand S, Selent J, Tolentino-Cortez T, Barreda-Gómez G, Grégoire S, Masson E, Durroux T, Javitch JA, Guixà-González R, Alves ID, Trifilieff P. Impact of membrane lipid polyunsaturation on dopamine D2 receptor ligand binding and signaling. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1960-1969. [PMID: 36604603 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a relationship between lipid metabolism and mental health. In particular, the biostatus of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) correlates with some symptoms of psychiatric disorders, as well as the efficacy of pharmacological treatments. Recent findings highlight a direct association between brain PUFA levels and dopamine transmission, a major neuromodulatory system implicated in the etiology of psychiatric symptoms. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are still unknown. Here we demonstrate that membrane enrichment in the n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), potentiates ligand binding to the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), suggesting that DHA acts as an allosteric modulator of this receptor. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm that DHA has a high preference for interaction with the D2R and show that membrane unsaturation selectively enhances the conformational dynamics of the receptor around its second intracellular loop. We find that membrane unsaturation spares G protein activity but potentiates the recruitment of β-arrestin in cells. Furthermore, in vivo n-3 PUFA deficiency blunts the behavioral effects of two D2R ligands, quinpirole and aripiprazole. These results highlight the importance of membrane unsaturation for D2R activity and provide a putative mechanism for the ability of PUFAs to enhance antipsychotic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lise Jobin
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Fabien Ducrocq
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rim Baccouch
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, CNRS UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Asma Oummadi
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria Hauge Pedersen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Brian Medel-Lacruz
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)-Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sandrine Villette
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, CNRS UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Pierre Van Delft
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis (LBM), Research Mix Unity (UMR) 5200, National Scientific Research Center (CNRS), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laetitia Fouillen
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis (LBM), Research Mix Unity (UMR) 5200, National Scientific Research Center (CNRS), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis (LBM), Research Mix Unity (UMR) 5200, National Scientific Research Center (CNRS), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)-Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gabriel Barreda-Gómez
- Research Department, IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., BIC Bizkaia (612), 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Stéphane Grégoire
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Elodie Masson
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Thierry Durroux
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ramon Guixà-González
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland.
| | - Isabel D Alves
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, CNRS UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, 33600, Pessac, France.
| | - Pierre Trifilieff
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
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8
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Radoux-Mergault A, Oberhauser L, Aureli S, Gervasio FL, Stoeber M. Subcellular location defines GPCR signal transduction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf6059. [PMID: 37075112 PMCID: PMC10115417 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf6059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can be activated by permeant ligands, which contributes to agonist selectivity. Opioid receptors (ORs) provide a notable example, where opioid drugs rapidly activate ORs in the Golgi apparatus. Our knowledge on intracellular GPCR function remains incomplete, and it is unknown whether OR signaling in plasma membrane (PM) and Golgi apparatus differs. Here, we assess the recruitment of signal transducers to mu- and delta-ORs in both compartments. We find that Golgi ORs couple to Gαi/o probes and are phosphorylated but, unlike PM receptors, do not recruit β-arrestin or a specific Gα probe. Molecular dynamics simulations with OR-transducer complexes in bilayers mimicking PM or Golgi composition reveal that the lipid environment promotes the location-selective coupling. We then show that delta-ORs in PM and Golgi have distinct effects on transcription and protein phosphorylation. The study reveals that the subcellular location defines the signaling effects of opioid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucie Oberhauser
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simone Aureli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, CH-1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Luigi Gervasio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, CH-1206, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Miriam Stoeber
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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9
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Hofmann KP, Lamb TD. Rhodopsin, light-sensor of vision. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 93:101116. [PMID: 36273969 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The light sensor of vertebrate scotopic (low-light) vision, rhodopsin, is a G-protein-coupled receptor comprising a polypeptide chain with bound chromophore, 11-cis-retinal, that exhibits remarkable physicochemical properties. This photopigment is extremely stable in the dark, yet its chromophore isomerises upon photon absorption with 70% efficiency, enabling the activation of its G-protein, transducin, with high efficiency. Rhodopsin's photochemical and biochemical activities occur over very different time-scales: the energy of retinaldehyde's excited state is stored in <1 ps in retinal-protein interactions, but it takes milliseconds for the catalytically active state to form, and many tens of minutes for the resting state to be restored. In this review, we describe the properties of rhodopsin and its role in rod phototransduction. We first introduce rhodopsin's gross structural features, its evolution, and the basic mechanisms of its activation. We then discuss light absorption and spectral sensitivity, photoreceptor electrical responses that result from the activity of individual rhodopsin molecules, and recovery of rhodopsin and the visual system from intense bleaching exposures. We then provide a detailed examination of rhodopsin's molecular structure and function, first in its dark state, and then in the active Meta states that govern its interactions with transducin, rhodopsin kinase and arrestin. While it is clear that rhodopsin's molecular properties are exquisitely honed for phototransduction, from starlight to dawn/dusk intensity levels, our understanding of how its molecular interactions determine the properties of scotopic vision remains incomplete. We describe potential future directions of research, and outline several major problems that remain to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Peter Hofmann
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik (CC2), Charité, and, Zentrum für Biophysik und Bioinformatik, Humboldt-Unversität zu Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
| | - Trevor D Lamb
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
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10
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Seckler JM, Robinson EN, Lewis SJ, Grossfield A. Surveying nonvisual arrestins reveals allosteric interactions between functional sites. Proteins 2023; 91:99-107. [PMID: 35988049 PMCID: PMC9771995 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Arrestins are important scaffolding proteins that are expressed in all vertebrate animals. They regulate cell-signaling events upon binding to active G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and trigger endocytosis of active GPCRs. While many of the functional sites on arrestins have been characterized, the question of how these sites interact is unanswered. We used anisotropic network modeling (ANM) together with our covariance compliment techniques to survey all the available structures of the nonvisual arrestins to map how structural changes and protein-binding affect their structural dynamics. We found that activation and clathrin binding have a marked effect on arrestin dynamics, and that these dynamics changes are localized to a small number of distant functional sites. These sites include α-helix 1, the lariat loop, nuclear localization domain, and the C-domain β-sheets on the C-loop side. Our techniques suggest that clathrin binding and/or GPCR activation of arrestin perturb the dynamics of these sites independent of structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Seckler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily N. Robinson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Stephen J. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alan Grossfield
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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11
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Janetzko J, Kise R, Barsi-Rhyne B, Siepe DH, Heydenreich FM, Kawakami K, Masureel M, Maeda S, Garcia KC, von Zastrow M, Inoue A, Kobilka BK. Membrane phosphoinositides regulate GPCR-β-arrestin complex assembly and dynamics. Cell 2022; 185:4560-4573.e19. [PMID: 36368322 PMCID: PMC10030194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Binding of arrestin to phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is crucial for modulating signaling. Once internalized, some GPCRs remain complexed with β-arrestins, while others interact only transiently; this difference affects GPCR signaling and recycling. Cell-based and in vitro biophysical assays reveal the role of membrane phosphoinositides (PIPs) in β-arrestin recruitment and GPCR-β-arrestin complex dynamics. We find that GPCRs broadly stratify into two groups, one that requires PIP binding for β-arrestin recruitment and one that does not. Plasma membrane PIPs potentiate an active conformation of β-arrestin and stabilize GPCR-β-arrestin complexes by promoting a fully engaged state of the complex. As allosteric modulators of GPCR-β-arrestin complex dynamics, membrane PIPs allow for additional conformational diversity beyond that imposed by GPCR phosphorylation alone. For GPCRs that require membrane PIP binding for β-arrestin recruitment, this provides a mechanism for β-arrestin release upon translocation of the GPCR to endosomes, allowing for its rapid recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Janetzko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ryoji Kise
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Benjamin Barsi-Rhyne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dirk H Siepe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Franziska M Heydenreich
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kouki Kawakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Matthieu Masureel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shoji Maeda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark von Zastrow
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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12
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Haider RS, Matthees ESF, Drube J, Reichel M, Zabel U, Inoue A, Chevigné A, Krasel C, Deupi X, Hoffmann C. β-arrestin1 and 2 exhibit distinct phosphorylation-dependent conformations when coupling to the same GPCR in living cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5638. [PMID: 36163356 PMCID: PMC9512828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
β-arrestins mediate regulatory processes for over 800 different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by adopting specific conformations that result from the geometry of the GPCR–β-arrestin complex. However, whether β-arrestin1 and 2 respond differently for binding to the same GPCR is still unknown. Employing GRK knockout cells and β-arrestins lacking the finger-loop-region, we show that the two isoforms prefer to associate with the active parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) in different complex configurations (“hanging” and “core”). Furthermore, the utilisation of advanced NanoLuc/FlAsH-based biosensors reveals distinct conformational signatures of β-arrestin1 and 2 when bound to active PTH1R (P-R*). Moreover, we assess β-arrestin conformational changes that are induced specifically by proximal and distal C-terminal phosphorylation and in the absence of GPCR kinases (GRKs) (R*). Here, we show differences between conformational changes that are induced by P-R* or R* receptor states and further disclose the impact of site-specific GPCR phosphorylation on arrestin-coupling and function. Here the authors present improved intramolecular sensors for β-arrestin2 and 1, which enable assessment of conformational changes of both isoforms in living cells. These reveal that the same GPCR induces differential conformational rearrangements that determine the functional diversity between the two β-arrestins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael S Haider
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Edda S F Matthees
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Drube
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Mona Reichel
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Zabel
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Versbacherstraße 9, D-97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Cornelius Krasel
- Philipps-Universität Marburg; Fachbereich Pharmazie; Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 1, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Xavier Deupi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland.,Condensed Matter Theory Group, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany.
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13
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Miszta P, Pasznik P, Niewieczerzał S, Młynarczyk K, Filipek S. COGRIMEN: Coarse-Grained Method for Modeling of Membrane Proteins in Implicit Environments. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:5145-5156. [PMID: 35998323 PMCID: PMC9476660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The presented methodology is based on coarse-grained
representation
of biomolecules in implicit environments and is designed for the molecular
dynamics simulations of membrane proteins and their complexes. The
membrane proteins are not only found in the cell membrane but also
in all membranous compartments of the cell: Golgi apparatus, mitochondria,
endosomes and lysosomes, and they usually form large complexes. To
investigate such systems the methodology is proposed based on two
independent approaches combining the coarse-grained MARTINI model
for proteins and the effective energy function to mimic the water/membrane
environments. The latter is based on the implicit environment developed
for all-atom simulations in the IMM1 method. The force field solvation
parameters for COGRIMEN were initially calculated from IMM1 all-atom
parameters and then optimized using Genetic Algorithms. The new methodology
was tested on membrane proteins, their complexes and oligomers. COGRIMEN
method is implemented as a patch for NAMD program and can be useful
for fast and brief studies of large membrane protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Miszta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Paweł Pasznik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Szymon Niewieczerzał
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Młynarczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Sławomir Filipek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
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14
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Chen Q, Tesmer JJG. G protein-coupled receptor interactions with arrestins and GPCR kinases: the unresolved issue of signal bias. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102279. [PMID: 35863432 PMCID: PMC9418498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) and arrestins interact with agonist-bound GPCRs to promote receptor desensitization and downregulation. They also trigger signaling cascades distinct from those of heterotrimeric G proteins. Biased agonists for GPCRs that favor either heterotrimeric G protein or GRK/arrestin signaling are of profound pharmacological interest because they could usher in a new generation of drugs with greatly reduced side effects. One mechanism by which biased agonism might occur is by stabilizing receptor conformations that preferentially bind to GRKs and/or arrestins. In this review, we explore this idea by comparing structures of GPCRs bound to heterotrimeric G proteins with those of the same GPCRs in complex with arrestins and GRKs. The arrestin and GRK complexes all exhibit high conformational heterogeneity, which is likely a consequence of their unusual ability to adapt and bind to hundreds of different GPCRs. This dynamic behavior, along with the experimental tactics required to stabilize GPCR complexes for biophysical analysis, confounds these comparisons, but some possible molecular mechanisms of bias are beginning to emerge. We also examine if and how the recent structures advance our understanding of how arrestins parse the “phosphorylation barcodes” installed in the intracellular loops and tails of GPCRs by GRKs. In the future, structural analyses of arrestins in complex with intact receptors that have well-defined native phosphorylation barcodes, such as those installed by the two nonvisual subfamilies of GRKs, will be particularly illuminating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Chen
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - John J G Tesmer
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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15
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Emerging structural insights into GPCR-β-arrestin interaction and functional outcomes. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 75:102406. [PMID: 35738165 PMCID: PMC7614528 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Agonist-induced recruitment of β-arrestins (βarrs) to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) plays a central role in regulating the spatio-temporal aspects of GPCR signaling. Several recent studies have provided novel structural and functional insights into our understanding of GPCR-βarr interaction, subsequent βarr activation and resulting functional outcomes. In this review, we discuss these recent advances with a particular emphasis on recognition of receptor-bound phosphates by βarrs, the emerging concept of spatial positioning of key phosphorylation sites, the conformational transition in βarrs during partial to full-engagement, and structural differences driving functional outcomes of βarr isoforms. We also highlight the key directions that require further investigation going forward to fully understand the structural mechanisms driving βarr activation and functional responses.
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16
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Tawfik CA, Elbagoury NM, Khater NI, Essawi ML. Mutation analysis reveals novel and known mutations in SAG gene in first two Egyptian families with Oguchi disease. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:217. [PMID: 35549688 PMCID: PMC9103117 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oguchi disease is a rare type of congenital stationary night blindness associated with an abnormal fundus appearance. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner where two types exist according to the gene affected; type 1 associated with S-antigen (SAG) gene mutations and type 2 associated with rhodopsin kinase (GRK1) gene mutations. Purpose The aim of this work was to describe the clinical and genetic findings of the first two reported families of Oguchi disease in Egypt and African region. Methods Four members of two consanguineous Egyptian families with history of night blindness since childhood underwent complete ophthalmological examination, standard automated static perimetry, fundus color photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in light-adapted state and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of both the macula and the optic nerve head as well as central corneal thickness with repeated fundus photography following prolonged dark adaptation. Mutation screening of 7 coding exons of GRK1 gene and 15 coding exons of SAG gene as well as some flanking regions were performed using Sanger sequencing technique. The variants were tested for pathogenicity using different in silico functional analysis tools. Results The clinical examination and investigations confirmed Oguchi disease phenotype. One patient showed p.R193* (c.577C > T) which is a previously reported SAG gene mutation in a homozygous form. The other three patients from a different family showed (c.649–1 G > C), a novel canonical splice site SAG gene mutation in a homozygous form. Conclusion The identification of the novel canonical splice site SAG gene variant in three members of the same family with clinically confirmed Oguchi disease reinforces its pathogenicity. A fourth patient from another family carried a previously reported mutation in the same gene. SAG gene variants may be the underlying genetic cause for Oguchi disease in Egypt. Our findings have expanded the spectrum of Oguchi disease-associated mutations in SAG gene and may serve as a basis for genetic diagnosis for Oguchi disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Atef Tawfik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ain Shams University, 38 Abbasseya, Nour Mosque, El-Mohamady, Al Waili, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Nagham Maher Elbagoury
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Center of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Ibrahim Khater
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Al Mouneer Diabetic Eye Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Lotfi Essawi
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Center of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Pluhackova K, Wilhelm FM, Müller DJ. Lipids and Phosphorylation Conjointly Modulate Complex Formation of β 2-Adrenergic Receptor and β-arrestin2. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:807913. [PMID: 35004696 PMCID: PMC8733679 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.807913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of human membrane proteins that bind extracellular ligands at their orthosteric binding pocket to transmit signals to the cell interior. Ligand binding evokes conformational changes in GPCRs that trigger the binding of intracellular interaction partners (G proteins, G protein kinases, and arrestins), which initiate diverse cellular responses. It has become increasingly evident that the preference of a GPCR for a certain intracellular interaction partner is modulated by a diverse range of factors, e.g., ligands or lipids embedding the transmembrane receptor. Here, by means of molecular dynamics simulations of the β2-adrenergic receptor and β-arrestin2, we study how membrane lipids and receptor phosphorylation regulate GPCR-arrestin complex conformation and dynamics. We find that phosphorylation drives the receptor’s intracellular loop 3 (ICL3) away from a native negatively charged membrane surface to interact with arrestin. If the receptor is embedded in a neutral membrane, the phosphorylated ICL3 attaches to the membrane surface, which widely opens the receptor core. This opening, which is similar to the opening in the G protein-bound state, weakens the binding of arrestin. The loss of binding specificity is manifested by shallower arrestin insertion into the receptor core and higher dynamics of the receptor-arrestin complex. Our results show that receptor phosphorylation and the local membrane composition cooperatively fine-tune GPCR-mediated signal transduction. Moreover, the results suggest that deeper understanding of complex GPCR regulation mechanisms is necessary to discover novel pathways of pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Pluhackova
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian M Wilhelm
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Jeong H, Clark S, Goehring A, Dehghani-Ghahnaviyeh S, Rasouli A, Tajkhorshid E, Gouaux E. Structures of the TMC-1 complex illuminate mechanosensory transduction. Nature 2022; 610:796-803. [PMID: 36224384 PMCID: PMC9605866 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The initial step in the sensory transduction pathway underpinning hearing and balance in mammals involves the conversion of force into the gating of a mechanosensory transduction channel1. Despite the profound socioeconomic impacts of hearing disorders and the fundamental biological significance of understanding mechanosensory transduction, the composition, structure and mechanism of the mechanosensory transduction complex have remained poorly characterized. Here we report the single-particle cryo-electron microscopy structure of the native transmembrane channel-like protein 1 (TMC-1) mechanosensory transduction complex isolated from Caenorhabditis elegans. The two-fold symmetric complex is composed of two copies each of the pore-forming TMC-1 subunit, the calcium-binding protein CALM-1 and the transmembrane inner ear protein TMIE. CALM-1 makes extensive contacts with the cytoplasmic face of the TMC-1 subunits, whereas the single-pass TMIE subunits reside on the periphery of the complex, poised like the handles of an accordion. A subset of complexes additionally includes a single arrestin-like protein, arrestin domain protein (ARRD-6), bound to a CALM-1 subunit. Single-particle reconstructions and molecular dynamics simulations show how the mechanosensory transduction complex deforms the membrane bilayer and suggest crucial roles for lipid-protein interactions in the mechanism by which mechanical force is transduced to ion channel gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbin Jeong
- grid.433851.80000 0004 0608 3919Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Sarah Clark
- grid.433851.80000 0004 0608 3919Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - April Goehring
- grid.433851.80000 0004 0608 3919Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA ,grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Sepehr Dehghani-Ghahnaviyeh
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Ali Rasouli
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Eric Gouaux
- grid.433851.80000 0004 0608 3919Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA ,grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
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19
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Biphasic activation of β-arrestin 1 upon interaction with a GPCR revealed by methyl-TROSY NMR. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7158. [PMID: 34887409 PMCID: PMC8660791 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
β-arrestins (βarrs) play multifaceted roles in the function of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). βarrs typically interact with phosphorylated C-terminal tail (C tail) and transmembrane core (TM core) of GPCRs. However, the effects of the C tail- and TM core-mediated interactions on the conformational activation of βarrs have remained elusive. Here, we show the conformational changes for βarr activation upon the C tail- and TM core-mediated interactions with a prototypical GPCR by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Our NMR analyses demonstrated that while the C tail-mediated interaction alone induces partial activation, in which βarr exists in equilibrium between basal and activated conformations, the TM core- and the C tail-mediated interactions together completely shift the equilibrium toward the activated conformation. The conformation-selective antibody, Fab30, promotes partially activated βarr into the activated-like conformation. This plasticity of βarr conformation in complex with GPCRs engaged in different binding modes may explain the multifunctionality of βarrs. β-arrestins commonly bind to two distinct elements in GPCRs: the phosphorylated carboxyl terminal tail (C tail) and the cytoplasmic face of the transmembrane region (TM core). Here, the authors use methyl-TROSY NMR measurements to characterise the interactions between β-arrestin 1 (βarr1) and a GPCR and observe that C tail-mediated interaction with a GPCR alone induces the partial activation of βarr1, whereas the TM core- and C tail-mediated interactions together stabilize the activated conformation of βarr1.
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20
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Dykstra H, LaRose C, Fisk C, Waldhart A, Meng X, Zhao G, Wu N. TXNIP interaction with GLUT1 depends on PI(4,5)P 2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183757. [PMID: 34478732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
GLUT1 is a major glucose facilitator expressed ubiquitously among tissues. Upregulation of its expression plays an important role in the development of many types of cancer and metabolic diseases. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is an α-arrestin that acts as an adaptor for GLUT1 in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It regulates cellular glucose uptake in response to both intracellular and extracellular signals via its control on GLUT1-4. In order to understand the interaction between GLUT1 and TXNIP, we generated GLUT1 lipid nanodiscs and carried out isothermal titration calorimetry and single-particle electron microscopy experiments. We found that GLUT1 lipid nanodiscs and TXNIP interact in a 1:1 ratio and that this interaction requires phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2 or PIP2).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassi LaRose
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Chelsea Fisk
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | | | - Xing Meng
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Gongpu Zhao
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Ning Wu
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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21
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Flöser A, Becker K, Kostenis E, König G, Krasel C, Kolb P, Bünemann M. Disentangling bias between G q, GRK2, and arrestin3 recruitment to the M 3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. eLife 2021; 10:58442. [PMID: 34851820 PMCID: PMC8635974 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transmit extracellular signals to the inside by activation of intracellular effector proteins. Different agonists can promote differential receptor-induced signaling responses – termed bias – potentially by eliciting different levels of recruitment of effector proteins. As activation and recruitment of effector proteins might influence each other, thorough analysis of bias is difficult. Here, we compared the efficacy of seven agonists to induce G protein, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), as well as arrestin3 binding to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 by utilizing FRET-based assays. In order to avoid interference between these interactions, we studied GRK2 binding in the presence of inhibitors of Gi and Gq proteins and analyzed arrestin3 binding to prestimulated M3 receptors to avoid differences in receptor phosphorylation influencing arrestin recruitment. We measured substantial differences in the agonist efficacies to induce M3R-arrestin3 versus M3R-GRK2 interaction. However, the rank order of the agonists for G protein- and GRK2-M3R interaction was the same, suggesting that G protein and GRK2 binding to M3R requires similar receptor conformations, whereas requirements for arrestin3 binding to M3R are distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Flöser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Becker
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele König
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cornelius Krasel
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Bünemann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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22
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Karnam PC, Vishnivetskiy SA, Gurevich VV. Structural Basis of Arrestin Selectivity for Active Phosphorylated G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212481. [PMID: 34830362 PMCID: PMC8621391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrestins are a small family of proteins that bind G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Arrestin binds to active phosphorylated GPCRs with higher affinity than to all other functional forms of the receptor, including inactive phosphorylated and active unphosphorylated. The selectivity of arrestins suggests that they must have two sensors, which detect receptor-attached phosphates and the active receptor conformation independently. Simultaneous engagement of both sensors enables arrestin transition into a high-affinity receptor-binding state. This transition involves a global conformational rearrangement that brings additional elements of the arrestin molecule, including the middle loop, in contact with a GPCR, thereby stabilizing the complex. Here, we review structural and mutagenesis data that identify these two sensors and additional receptor-binding elements within the arrestin molecule. While most data were obtained with the arrestin-1-rhodopsin pair, the evidence suggests that all arrestins use similar mechanisms to achieve preferential binding to active phosphorylated GPCRs.
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23
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Zang Y, Kahsai AW, Pakharukova N, Huang LY, Lefkowitz RJ. The GPCR-β-arrestin complex allosterically activates C-Raf by binding its amino terminus. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101369. [PMID: 34757127 PMCID: PMC8633562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) convert external stimuli into cellular signals through heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins) and β-arrestins (βarrs). In a βarr-dependent signaling pathway, βarrs link GPCRs to various downstream signaling partners, such as the Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade. Agonist-stimulated GPCR-βarr complexes have been shown to interact with C-Raf and are thought to initiate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway through simple tethering of these signaling partners. However, recent evidence shows that in addition to canonical scaffolding functions, βarrs can allosterically activate downstream targets, such as the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Src. Here, we demonstrate the direct allosteric activation of C-Raf by GPCR-βarr1 complexes in vitro. Furthermore, we show that βarr1 in complex with a synthetic phosphopeptide mimicking the human V2 vasopressin receptor tail that binds and functionally activates βarrs also allosterically activates C-Raf. We reveal that the interaction between the phosphorylated GPCR C terminus and βarr1 is necessary and sufficient for C-Raf activation. Interestingly, the interaction between βarr1 and C-Raf was considerably reduced in the presence of excess activated H-Ras, a small GTPase known to activate C-Raf, suggesting that H-Ras and βarr1 bind to the same region on C-Raf. Furthermore, we found that βarr1 interacts with the Ras-binding domain of C-Raf. Taken together, these data suggest that in addition to canonical scaffolding functions, GPCR-βarr complexes directly allosterically activate C-Raf by binding to its amino terminus. This work provides novel insights into how βarrs regulate effector molecules to activate downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Zang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alem W Kahsai
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natalia Pakharukova
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Li-Yin Huang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert J Lefkowitz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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24
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Agamennone M, Nicoli A, Bayer S, Weber V, Borro L, Gupta S, Fantacuzzi M, Di Pizio A. Protein-protein interactions at a glance: Protocols for the visualization of biomolecular interactions. Methods Cell Biol 2021; 166:271-307. [PMID: 34752337 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play a key role in many biological processes and are intriguing targets for drug discovery campaigns. Advancements in experimental and computational techniques are leading to a growth of data accessibility, and, with it, an increased need for the analysis of PPIs. In this respect, visualization tools are essential instruments to represent and analyze biomolecular interactions. In this chapter, we reviewed some of the available tools, highlighting their features, and describing their functions with practical information on their usage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Nicoli
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bayer
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Verena Weber
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Luca Borro
- Department of Imaging, Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Shailendra Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Antonella Di Pizio
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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25
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Jean-Alphonse FG, Sposini S. Confocal and TIRF microscopy based approaches to visualize arrestin trafficking in living cells. Methods Cell Biol 2021; 166:179-203. [PMID: 34752332 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Arrestins are key proteins that serve as versatile scaffolds to control and mediate G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) activity. Arrestin control of GPCR functions involves their recruitment from the cytosol to plasma membrane-localized GPCRs and to endosomal compartments, where they mediate internalization, sorting and signaling of GPCRs. Several methods can be used to monitor trafficking of arrestins; however, live fluorescence imaging remains the method of choice to both assess arrestin recruitment to ligand-activated receptors and to monitor its dynamic subcellular localization. Here, we present two approaches based on Total Internal Fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy and confocal microscopy to visualize arrestin trafficking in live cells in real time and to assess their co-localization with the GPCR of interest and their localization at specific subcellular locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Gaëtan Jean-Alphonse
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inria, Inria Saclay-Île-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| | - Silvia Sposini
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Bordeaux, France.
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26
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Maharana J, Shukla AK. Feeling at home: Structure of the NTSR1-G i complex in a lipid environment. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:331-333. [PMID: 33785921 PMCID: PMC7611222 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with heterotrimeric G proteins plays a critical role in signal transduction processes, and multiple GPCR–G protein complexes reconstituted in detergent micelles have been visualized using cryo-EM. A new study reports the structure of neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) in complex with the heterotrimeric Gi protein, assembled in a lipid environment using circularized nanodiscs. The structure sheds light on how the lipid context may influence receptor–G protein coupling and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagannath Maharana
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Arun K Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India.
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27
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Aydin Y, Coin I. Biochemical insights into structure and function of arrestins. FEBS J 2021; 288:2529-2549. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Aydin
- Institute of Biochemistry Faculty of Life Sciences University of Leipzig Germany
| | - Irene Coin
- Institute of Biochemistry Faculty of Life Sciences University of Leipzig Germany
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28
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Nguyen AH, Lefkowitz RJ. Signaling at the endosome: cryo-EM structure of a GPCR-G protein-beta-arrestin megacomplex. FEBS J 2021; 288:2562-2569. [PMID: 33605032 PMCID: PMC8252779 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large class of cell‐surface receptor involved in cellular signaling that are currently the target of over one third of all clinically approved therapeutics. Classically, an agonist‐bound, active GPCR couples to and activates G proteins through the receptor intracellular core. To attenuate G protein signaling, the GPCR is phosphorylated at its C‐terminal tail and/or relevant intracellular loops, allowing for the recruitment of β‐arrestins (βarrs). βarrs then couple to the receptor intracellular core in order to mediate receptor desensitization and internalization. However, our laboratory and others have observed that some GPCRs are capable of continuously signaling through G protein even after internalization. This mode of sustained signaling stands in contrast with our previous understanding of GPCR signaling, and its molecular mechanism is still not well understood. Recently, we have solved the structure of a GPCR–G protein–βarr megacomplex by cryo‐electron microscopy. This ‘megaplex’ structure illustrates the independent and simultaneous coupling of a G protein to the receptor intracellular core, and binding of a βarr to a phosphorylated receptor C‐terminal tail, with all three components maintaining their respective canonically active conformations. The structure provides evidence for the ability of a GPCR to activate G protein even while being bound to and internalized by βarr. It also reveals that the binding of G protein and βarr to the same GPCR is not mutually exclusive, and raises a number of future questions to be answered regarding the mechanism of sustained signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert J Lefkowitz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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29
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Receptor-Arrestin Interactions: The GPCR Perspective. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020218. [PMID: 33557162 PMCID: PMC7913897 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrestins are a small family of four proteins in most vertebrates that bind hundreds of different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Arrestin binding to a GPCR has at least three functions: precluding further receptor coupling to G proteins, facilitating receptor internalization, and initiating distinct arrestin-mediated signaling. The molecular mechanism of arrestin–GPCR interactions has been extensively studied and discussed from the “arrestin perspective”, focusing on the roles of arrestin elements in receptor binding. Here, we discuss this phenomenon from the “receptor perspective”, focusing on the receptor elements involved in arrestin binding and emphasizing existing gaps in our knowledge that need to be filled. It is vitally important to understand the role of receptor elements in arrestin activation and how the interaction of each of these elements with arrestin contributes to the latter’s transition to the high-affinity binding state. A more precise knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of arrestin activation is needed to enable the construction of arrestin mutants with desired functional characteristics.
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30
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Fleetwood O, Carlsson J, Delemotte L. Identification of ligand-specific G protein-coupled receptor states and prediction of downstream efficacy via data-driven modeling. eLife 2021; 10:60715. [PMID: 33506760 PMCID: PMC7886328 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand binding stabilizes different G protein-coupled receptor states via a complex allosteric process that is not completely understood. Here, we have derived free energy landscapes describing activation of the β2 adrenergic receptor bound to ligands with different efficacy profiles using enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations. These reveal shifts toward active-like states at the Gprotein-binding site for receptors bound to partial and full agonists, and that the ligands modulate the conformational ensemble of the receptor by tuning protein microswitches. We indeed find an excellent correlation between the conformation of the microswitches close to the ligand binding site and in the transmembrane region and experimentally reported cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling responses. Dimensionality reduction further reveals the similarity between the unique conformational states induced by different ligands, and examining the output of classifiers highlights two distant hotspots governing agonism on transmembrane helices 5 and 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Fleetwood
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lucie Delemotte
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Dissecting the structural features of β-arrestins as multifunctional proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140603. [PMID: 33421644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
β-arrestins bind active G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and play a crucial role in receptor desensitization and internalization. The classical paradigm of arrestin function has been expanded with the identification of many non-receptor-binding partners, which indicated the multifunctional role of β-arrestins in cellular functions. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of β-arrestin-mediated signaling, the structural features of β-arrestins were investigated using X-ray crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). However, the intrinsic conformational flexibility of β-arrestins hampers the elucidation of structural interactions between β-arrestins and their binding partners using conventional structure determination tools. Therefore, structural information obtained using complementary structure analysis techniques would be necessary in combination with X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM data. In this review, we describe how β-arrestins interact with their binding partners from a structural point of view, as elucidated by both traditional methods (X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM) and complementary structure analysis techniques.
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32
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Pakharukova N, Masoudi A, Pani B, Staus DP, Lefkowitz RJ. Allosteric activation of proto-oncogene kinase Src by GPCR-beta-arrestin complexes. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16773-16784. [PMID: 32978252 PMCID: PMC7864071 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate signaling cascades via G-proteins and beta-arrestins (βarr). βarr-dependent actions begin with recruitment of βarr to the phosphorylated receptor tail and are followed by engagement with the receptor core. βarrs are known to act as adaptor proteins binding receptors and various effectors, but it is unclear whether in addition to the scaffolding role βarrs can allosterically activate their downstream targets. Here we demonstrate the direct allosteric activation of proto-oncogene kinase Src by GPCR-βarr complexes in vitro and establish the conformational basis of the activation. Whereas free βarr1 had no effect on Src activity, βarr1 in complex with M2 muscarinic or β2-adrenergic receptors reconstituted in lipid nanodiscs activate Src by reducing the lag phase in Src autophosphorylation. Interestingly, receptor-βarr1 complexes formed with a βarr1 mutant, in which the finger-loop, required to interact with the receptor core, has been deleted, fully retain the ability to activate Src. Similarly, βarr1 in complex with only a phosphorylated C-terminal tail of the vasopressin 2 receptor activates Src as efficiently as GPCR-βarr complexes. In contrast, βarr1 and chimeric M2 receptor with nonphosphorylated C-terminal tail failed to activate Src. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the phosphorylated GPCR tail interaction with βarr1 is necessary and sufficient to empower it to allosterically activate Src. Our findings may have implications for understanding more broadly the mechanisms of allosteric activation of downstream targets by βarrs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pakharukova
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ali Masoudi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Biswaranjan Pani
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dean P Staus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert J Lefkowitz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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33
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Lavington S, Watts A. Lipid nanoparticle technologies for the study of G protein-coupled receptors in lipid environments. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:10.1007/s12551-020-00775-5. [PMID: 33215301 PMCID: PMC7755959 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of integral membrane proteins which conduct a wide range of biological roles and represent significant drug targets. Most biophysical and structural studies of GPCRs have been conducted on detergent-solubilised receptors, and it is clear that detergents can have detrimental effects on GPCR function. Simultaneously, there is increasing appreciation of roles for specific lipids in modulation of GPCR function. Lipid nanoparticles such as nanodiscs and styrene maleic acid lipid particles (SMALPs) offer opportunities to study integral membrane proteins in lipid environments, in a form that is soluble and amenable to structural and biophysical experiments. Here, we review the application of lipid nanoparticle technologies to the study of GPCRs, assessing the relative merits and limitations of each system. We highlight how these technologies can provide superior platforms to detergents for structural and biophysical studies of GPCRs and inform on roles for protein-lipid interactions in GPCR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Lavington
- Biochemistry Department, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Anthony Watts
- Biochemistry Department, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
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34
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Capturing Peptide-GPCR Interactions and Their Dynamics. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204724. [PMID: 33076289 PMCID: PMC7587574 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many biological functions of peptides are mediated through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Upon ligand binding, GPCRs undergo conformational changes that facilitate the binding and activation of multiple effectors. GPCRs regulate nearly all physiological processes and are a favorite pharmacological target. In particular, drugs are sought after that elicit the recruitment of selected effectors only (biased ligands). Understanding how ligands bind to GPCRs and which conformational changes they induce is a fundamental step toward the development of more efficient and specific drugs. Moreover, it is emerging that the dynamic of the ligand–receptor interaction contributes to the specificity of both ligand recognition and effector recruitment, an aspect that is missing in structural snapshots from crystallography. We describe here biochemical and biophysical techniques to address ligand–receptor interactions in their structural and dynamic aspects, which include mutagenesis, crosslinking, spectroscopic techniques, and mass-spectrometry profiling. With a main focus on peptide receptors, we present methods to unveil the ligand–receptor contact interface and methods that address conformational changes both in the ligand and the GPCR. The presented studies highlight a wide structural heterogeneity among peptide receptors, reveal distinct structural changes occurring during ligand binding and a surprisingly high dynamics of the ligand–GPCR complexes.
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35
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Many faces of the GPCR-arrestin interaction. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:890-899. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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36
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Ghosh E, Dwivedi H, Baidya M, Srivastava A, Kumari P, Stepniewski T, Kim HR, Lee MH, van Gastel J, Chaturvedi M, Roy D, Pandey S, Maharana J, Guixà-González R, Luttrell LM, Chung KY, Dutta S, Selent J, Shukla AK. Conformational Sensors and Domain Swapping Reveal Structural and Functional Differences between β-Arrestin Isoforms. Cell Rep 2020; 28:3287-3299.e6. [PMID: 31553900 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Desensitization, signaling, and trafficking of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critically regulated by multifunctional adaptor proteins, β-arrestins (βarrs). The two isoforms of βarrs (βarr1 and 2) share a high degree of sequence and structural similarity; still, however, they often mediate distinct functional outcomes in the context of GPCR signaling and regulation. A mechanistic basis for such a functional divergence of βarr isoforms is still lacking. By using a set of complementary approaches, including antibody-fragment-based conformational sensors, we discover structural differences between βarr1 and 2 upon their interaction with activated and phosphorylated receptors. Interestingly, domain-swapped chimeras of βarrs display robust complementation in functional assays, thereby linking the structural differences between receptor-bound βarr1 and 2 with their divergent functional outcomes. Our findings reveal important insights into the ability of βarr isoforms to drive distinct functional outcomes and underscore the importance of integrating this aspect in the current framework of biased agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshan Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Hemlata Dwivedi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Mithu Baidya
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ashish Srivastava
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Punita Kumari
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Tomek Stepniewski
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences of Pompeu Fabra University (UPF)-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hee Ryung Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Lee
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Translational Neurobiology Group, Center of Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Madhu Chaturvedi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Debarati Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Shubhi Pandey
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jagannath Maharana
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ramon Guixà-González
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Research Service of the Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Ka Young Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Somnath Dutta
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences of Pompeu Fabra University (UPF)-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arun K Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
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37
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Mechanism of β-arrestin recruitment by the μ-opioid G protein-coupled receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16346-16355. [PMID: 32601232 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918264117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agonists to the μ-opioid G protein-coupled receptor (μOR) can alleviate pain through activation of G protein signaling, but they can also induce β-arrestin activation, leading to such side effects as respiratory depression. Biased ligands to μOR that induce G protein signaling without inducing β-arrestin signaling can alleviate pain while reducing side effects. However, the mechanism for stimulating β-arrestin signaling is not known, making it difficult to design optimum biased ligands. We use extensive molecular dynamics simulations to determine three-dimensional (3D) structures of activated β-arrestin2 stabilized by phosphorylated μOR bound to the morphine and D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) nonbiased agonists and to the TRV130 biased agonist. For nonbiased agonists, we find that the β-arrestin2 couples to the phosphorylated μOR by forming strong polar interactions with intracellular loop 2 (ICL2) and either the ICL3 or cytoplasmic region of transmembrane (TM6). Strikingly, Gi protein makes identical strong bonds with these same ICLs. Thus, the Gi protein and β-arrestin2 compete for the same binding site even though their recruitment leads to much different outcomes. On the other hand, we find that TRV130 has a greater tendency to bind the extracellular portion of TM2 and TM3, which repositions TM6 in the cytoplasmic region of μOR, hindering β-arrestin2 from making polar anchors to the ICL3 or to the cytosolic end of TM6. This dramatically reduces the affinity between μOR and β-arrestin2.
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38
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Lee Y, Warne T, Nehmé R, Pandey S, Dwivedi-Agnihotri H, Chaturvedi M, Edwards PC, García-Nafría J, Leslie AGW, Shukla AK, Tate CG. Molecular basis of β-arrestin coupling to formoterol-bound β 1-adrenoceptor. Nature 2020; 583:862-866. [PMID: 32555462 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The β1-adrenoceptor (β1AR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that couples1 to the heterotrimeric G protein Gs. G-protein-mediated signalling is terminated by phosphorylation of the C terminus of the receptor by GPCR kinases (GRKs) and by coupling of β-arrestin 1 (βarr1, also known as arrestin 2), which displaces Gs and induces signalling through the MAP kinase pathway2. The ability of synthetic agonists to induce signalling preferentially through either G proteins or arrestins-known as biased agonism3-is important in drug development, because the therapeutic effect may arise from only one signalling cascade, whereas the other pathway may mediate undesirable side effects4. To understand the molecular basis for arrestin coupling, here we determined the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the β1AR-βarr1 complex in lipid nanodiscs bound to the biased agonist formoterol5, and the crystal structure of formoterol-bound β1AR coupled to the G-protein-mimetic nanobody6 Nb80. βarr1 couples to β1AR in a manner distinct to that7 of Gs coupling to β2AR-the finger loop of βarr1 occupies a narrower cleft on the intracellular surface, and is closer to transmembrane helix H7 of the receptor when compared with the C-terminal α5 helix of Gs. The conformation of the finger loop in βarr1 is different from that adopted by the finger loop of visual arrestin when it couples to rhodopsin8. β1AR coupled to βarr1 shows considerable differences in structure compared with β1AR coupled to Nb80, including an inward movement of extracellular loop 3 and the cytoplasmic ends of H5 and H6. We observe weakened interactions between formoterol and two serine residues in H5 at the orthosteric binding site of β1AR, and find that formoterol has a lower affinity for the β1AR-βarr1 complex than for the β1AR-Gs complex. The structural differences between these complexes of β1AR provide a foundation for the design of small molecules that could bias signalling in the β-adrenoceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lee
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tony Warne
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rony Nehmé
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.,Creoptix AG, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Shubhi Pandey
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | | | - Madhu Chaturvedi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | | | - Javier García-Nafría
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, BIFI-IQFR (CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain.,Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Arun K Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
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39
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Bellucci L, Felline A, Fanelli F. Dynamics and structural communication in the ternary complex of fully phosphorylated V2 vasopressin receptor, vasopressin, and β-arrestin 1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183355. [PMID: 32413442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critically regulated by arrestins, which not only desensitize G-protein signaling but also initiate a G protein-independent wave of signaling. The information from structure determination was herein exploited to build a structural model of the ternary complex, comprising fully phosphorylated V2 vasopressin receptor (V2R), the agonist arginine vasopressin (AVP), and β-arrestin 1 (β-arr1). Molecular simulations served to explore dynamics and structural communication in the ternary complex. Flexibility and mechanical profiles reflect fold of V2R and β-arr1. Highly conserved amino acids tend to behave as hubs in the structure network and contribute the most to the mechanical rigidity of V2R seven-helix bundle and of β-arr1. Two structurally and dynamically distinct receptor-arrestin interfaces assist the twist of the N- and C-terminal domains (ND and CD, respectively) of β-arr1 with respect to each other, which is linked to arrestin activation. While motion of the ND is essentially assisted by the fully phosphorylated C-tail of V2R (V2RCt), that of CD is assisted by the second and third intracellular loops and the cytosolic extensions of helices 5 and 6. In the presence of the receptor, the β-arr1 inter-domain twist angle correlates with the modes describing the essential subspace of the ternary complex. β-arr1 motions are also influenced by the anchoring to the membrane of the C-edge-loops in the β-arr1-CD. Overall fluctuations reveal a coupling between motions of the agonist binding site and of β-arr1-ND, which are in allosteric communication between each other. Mechanical rigidity points, often acting as hubs in the structure network and distributed along the main axis of the receptor helix bundle, contribute to establish a preferential communication pathway between agonist ligand and the ND of arrestin. Such communication, mediated by highly conserved amino acids, involves also the first amino acid in the arrestin C-tail, which is highly dynamic and is involved in clathrin-mediated GPCR internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bellucci
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Felline
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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40
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Oren O, Ben Zichri S, Taube R, Jelinek R, Papo N. Aβ42 Double Mutant Inhibits Aβ42-Induced Plasma and Mitochondrial Membrane Disruption in Artificial Membranes, Isolated Organs, and Intact Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1027-1037. [PMID: 32155047 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Destabilization of plasma and inner mitochondrial membranes by extra- and intracellular amyloid β peptide (Aβ42) aggregates may lead to dysregulated calcium flux through the plasma membrane, mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, and neuronal cell death in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In the current study, experiments performed with artificial membranes, isolated mitochondria, and neuronal cells allowed us to understand the mechanism by which a nonaggregating Aβ42 double mutant (designated Aβ42DM) exerts its neuroprotective effects. Specifically, we showed that Aβ42DM protected neuronal cells from Aβ42-induced accumulation of toxic intracellular levels of calcium and from apoptosis. Aβ42DM also inhibited Aβ42-induced mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization in the cells and abolished the Aβ42-mediated decrease in cytochrome c oxidase activity in purified mitochondrial particles. These results can be explained in terms of the amelioration by Aβ42DM of Aβ42-mediated changes in membrane fluidity in DOPC and cardiolipin/DOPC phospholipid vesicles, mimicking plasma and mitochondrial membranes, respectively. These observations are also in agreement with the inhibition by Aβ42DM of phospholipid-induced conformational changes in Aβ42 and with the fact that, unlike Aβ42, the Aβ42-Aβ42DM complex could not permeate into cells but instead remained attached to the cell membrane. Although most of the Aβ42DM molecules were localized on the cell membrane, some penetrated into the cytosol in an Aβ42-independent process, and, unlike Aβ42, did not form intracellular inclusion bodies. Overall, we provide a mechanistic explanation for the inhibitory activity of Aβ42DM against Aβ42-induced membrane permeability and cell toxicity and provide confirmatory evidence for its protective function in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofek Oren
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Shani Ben Zichri
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University, P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ran Taube
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University, P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Niv Papo
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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41
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Sommer ME, Selent J, Carlsson J, De Graaf C, Gloriam DE, Keseru GM, Kosloff M, Mordalski S, Rizk A, Rosenkilde MM, Sotelo E, Tiemann JKS, Tobin A, Vardjan N, Waldhoer M, Kolb P. The European Research Network on Signal Transduction (ERNEST): Toward a Multidimensional Holistic Understanding of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:361-370. [PMID: 32296774 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are intensively studied due to their therapeutic potential as drug targets. Members of this large family of transmembrane receptor proteins mediate signal transduction in diverse cell types and play key roles in human physiology and health. In 2013 the research consortium GLISTEN (COST Action CM1207) was founded with the goal of harnessing the substantial growth in knowledge of GPCR structure and dynamics to push forward the development of molecular modulators of GPCR function. The success of GLISTEN, coupled with new findings and paradigm shifts in the field, led in 2019 to the creation of a related consortium called ERNEST (COST Action CA18133). ERNEST broadens focus to entire signaling cascades, based on emerging ideas of how complexity and specificity in signal transduction are not determined by receptor-ligand interactions alone. A holistic approach that unites the diverse data and perspectives of the research community into a single multidimensional map holds great promise for improved drug design and therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E Sommer
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM) - Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 752 36, Sweden
| | | | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1017, Denmark
| | - Gyorgy M Keseru
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Center for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Mickey Kosloff
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Stefan Mordalski
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1017, Denmark.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, 31-343, Poland
| | - Aurelien Rizk
- InterAx Biotech AG, PARK innovAARE, Villigen, 5234, Switzerland
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK 2200, Denmark
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Facultade de Farmacia. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Johanna K S Tiemann
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04109, Germany.,Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, 2200, Denmark
| | - Andrew Tobin
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.,Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Maria Waldhoer
- InterAx Biotech AG, PARK innovAARE, Villigen, 5234, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, 35039, Germany
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42
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Chaturvedi M, Maharana J, Shukla AK. Terminating G-Protein Coupling: Structural Snapshots of GPCR-β-Arrestin Complexes. Cell 2020; 180:1041-1043. [PMID: 32169216 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
β-arrestins (βarrs) play multifaceted roles in the signaling and regulation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) including their desensitization and endocytosis. Recently determined cryo-EM structures of two different GPCRs in complex with βarr1 provide the first glimpse of GPCR-βarr engagement and a structural framework to understand their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Chaturvedi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jagannath Maharana
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Arun K Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
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43
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Huang W, Masureel M, Qu Q, Janetzko J, Inoue A, Kato HE, Robertson MJ, Nguyen KC, Glenn JS, Skiniotis G, Kobilka BK. Structure of the neurotensin receptor 1 in complex with β-arrestin 1. Nature 2020; 579:303-308. [PMID: 31945771 PMCID: PMC7100716 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1953-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Arrestin proteins bind to active, phosphorylated G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), thereby preventing G-protein coupling, triggering receptor internalization and affecting various downstream signalling pathways1,2. Although there is a wealth of structural information detailing the interactions between GPCRs and G proteins, less is known about how arrestins engage GPCRs. Here we report a cryo-electron microscopy structure of full-length human neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) in complex with truncated human β-arrestin 1 (βarr1(ΔCT)). We find that phosphorylation of NTSR1 is critical for the formation of a stable complex with βarr1(ΔCT), and identify phosphorylated sites in both the third intracellular loop and the C terminus that may promote this interaction. In addition, we observe a phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate molecule forming a bridge between the membrane side of NTSR1 transmembrane segments 1 and 4 and the C-lobe of arrestin. Compared with a structure of a rhodopsin-arrestin-1 complex, in our structure arrestin is rotated by approximately 85° relative to the receptor. These findings highlight both conserved aspects and plasticity among arrestin-receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiao Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthieu Masureel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qianhui Qu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John Janetzko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideaki E Kato
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael J Robertson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Khanh C Nguyen
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Glenn
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Photon Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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44
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Staus DP, Hu H, Robertson MJ, Kleinhenz ALW, Wingler LM, Capel WD, Latorraca NR, Lefkowitz RJ, Skiniotis G. Structure of the M2 muscarinic receptor-β-arrestin complex in a lipid nanodisc. Nature 2020; 579:297-302. [PMID: 31945772 PMCID: PMC7367492 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Following agonist activation, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) recruit β-arrestin, which desensitizes heterotrimeric G protein signaling and promotes receptor endocytosis1. Additionally, β-arrestin directly regulates many cell signaling pathways that can induce cellular responses distinct from that of G proteins2. Here we present a cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of β-arrestin1 (βarr1) in complex with muscarinic acetylcholine-2-receptor (M2R) reconstituted in lipid nanodiscs. The M2R-βarr1 structure shows a multimodal network of flexible interactions, including binding of the βarr1 N-domain to phosphorylated receptor residues and βarr1 finger loop insertion into the M2R seven-transmembrane bundle, which adopts a conformation similar to that in the M2R-heterotrimeric Go protein structure3. Moreover, the cryoEM map reveals that the βarr1 C-domain edge engages the lipid bilayer. Through atomistic simulations, biophysical, biochemical, and cellular assays, we show that the C-edge is critical for stable complex formation, βarr1 recruitment, receptor internalization, and desensitization of G protein activation. Taken together, these data suggest the cooperative interactions of β-arrestin with both the receptor and phospholipid bilayer contribute to its functional versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean P Staus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hongli Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,School of Life and Health Sciences, Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Michael J Robertson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alissa L W Kleinhenz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura M Wingler
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William D Capel
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Naomi R Latorraca
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Lefkowitz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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45
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Combinatorial allosteric modulation of agonist response in a self-interacting G-protein coupled receptor. Commun Biol 2020; 3:27. [PMID: 31941999 PMCID: PMC6962373 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural plasticity of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) enables the long-range transmission of conformational changes induced by specific orthosteric site ligands and other pleiotropic factors. Here, we demonstrate that the ligand binding cavity in the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor S1PR1, a class A GPCR, is in allosteric communication with both the β-arrestin-binding C-terminal tail, and a receptor surface involved in oligomerization. We show that S1PR1 oligomers are required for full response to different agonists and ligand-specific association with arrestins, dictating the downstream signalling kinetics. We reveal that the active form of the immunomodulatory drug fingolimod, FTY720-P, selectively harnesses both these intramolecular networks to efficiently recruit β-arrestins in a stable interaction with the receptor, promoting deep S1PR1 internalization and simultaneously abrogating ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Our results define a molecular basis for the efficacy of fingolimod for people with multiple sclerosis, and attest that GPCR signalling can be further fine-tuned by the oligomeric state. Patrone et al study the mechanism by which fingolimod, a drug used for multiple sclerosis, and agonist to G-coupled receptor S1PR1, compared to the endogenous ligand S1P. They find that whereas S1P binds a S1PR1 dimer, the action of fingolimod is dependent on receptor oligomerisation, which affects β-arrestin binding, internalisation and signaling.
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46
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Wang D, Liu X, Liu J, Song C. Phosphorylation-dependent conformational changes of arrestin in the rhodopsin–arrestin complex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:9330-9338. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00473a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conformations of GPCR-bound arrestin depend on the phosphorylation patterns of the GPCR C-loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Wang
- School of Physics
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
- Center for Quantitative Biology
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- School of Physics
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Jianqiang Liu
- School of Physics
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Chen Song
- Center for Quantitative Biology
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
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47
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Guillien M, le Maire A, Mouhand A, Bernadó P, Bourguet W, Banères JL, Sibille N. IDPs and their complexes in GPCR and nuclear receptor signaling. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 174:105-155. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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48
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Nguyen AH, Thomsen ARB, Cahill TJ, Huang R, Huang LY, Marcink T, Clarke OB, Heissel S, Masoudi A, Ben-Hail D, Samaan F, Dandey VP, Tan YZ, Hong C, Mahoney JP, Triest S, Little J, Chen X, Sunahara R, Steyaert J, Molina H, Yu Z, des Georges A, Lefkowitz RJ. Structure of an endosomal signaling GPCR-G protein-β-arrestin megacomplex. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2019; 26:1123-1131. [PMID: 31740855 PMCID: PMC7108872 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-019-0330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Classically, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are thought to activate G protein from the plasma membrane and are subsequently desensitized by β-arrestin (β-arr). However, some GPCRs continue to signal through G protein from internalized compartments, mediated by a GPCR-G protein-β-arr 'megaplex'. Nevertheless, the molecular architecture of the megaplex remains unknown. Here, we present its cryo-electron microscopy structure, which shows simultaneous engagement of human G protein and bovine β-arr to the core and phosphorylated tail, respectively, of a single active human chimeric β2-adrenergic receptor with the C-terminal tail of the arginine vasopressin type 2 receptor (β2V2R). All three components adopt their canonical active conformations, suggesting that a single megaplex GPCR is capable of simultaneously activating G protein and β-arr. Our findings provide a structural basis for GPCR-mediated sustained internalized G protein signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Alex R. B. Thomsen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Thomas J. Cahill
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rick Huang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Li-Yin Huang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tara Marcink
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Oliver B. Clarke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,The Irving Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Søren Heissel
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ali Masoudi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Danya Ben-Hail
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, NY 10031, USA
| | - Fadi Samaan
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, NY 10031, USA
| | - Venkata P. Dandey
- The National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yong Zi Tan
- The National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chuan Hong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Jacob P. Mahoney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Present Address: Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Sarah Triest
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - John Little
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Roger Sunahara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jan Steyaert
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Zhiheng Yu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Amedee des Georges
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, NY 10031, USA,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, NY, USA,Biochemistry and Chemistry Ph.D. Programs, Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY, USA,Corresponding authors: (A.d.G.); (R.J.L.)
| | - Robert J. Lefkowitz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Corresponding authors: (A.d.G.); (R.J.L.)
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49
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Yin W, Li Z, Jin M, Yin YL, de Waal PW, Pal K, Yin Y, Gao X, He Y, Gao J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Melcher K, Jiang Y, Cong Y, Edward Zhou X, Yu X, Eric Xu H. A complex structure of arrestin-2 bound to a G protein-coupled receptor. Cell Res 2019; 29:971-983. [PMID: 31776446 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrestins comprise a family of signal regulators of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which include arrestins 1 to 4. While arrestins 1 and 4 are visual arrestins dedicated to rhodopsin, arrestins 2 and 3 (Arr2 and Arr3) are β-arrestins known to regulate many nonvisual GPCRs. The dynamic and promiscuous coupling of Arr2 to nonvisual GPCRs has posed technical challenges to tackle the basis of arrestin binding to GPCRs. Here we report the structure of Arr2 in complex with neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1), which reveals an overall assembly that is strikingly different from the visual arrestin-rhodopsin complex by a 90° rotation of Arr2 relative to the receptor. In this new configuration, intracellular loop 3 (ICL3) and transmembrane helix 6 (TM6) of the receptor are oriented toward the N-terminal domain of the arrestin, making it possible for GPCRs that lack the C-terminal tail to couple Arr2 through their ICL3. Molecular dynamics simulation and crosslinking data further support the assembly of the Arr2‒NTSR1 complex. Sequence analysis and homology modeling suggest that the Arr2‒NTSR1 complex structure may provide an alternative template for modeling arrestin-GPCR interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchao Yin
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhihai Li
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Cryo-Electron Microscopy Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu-Ling Yin
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Parker W de Waal
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Kuntal Pal
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
| | - Yanting Yin
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Yuanzheng He
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.,Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jing Gao
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoxi Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Department of Biophysics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Karsten Melcher
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Yi Jiang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yao Cong
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - X Edward Zhou
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
| | - Xuekui Yu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,Cryo-Electron Microscopy Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - H Eric Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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50
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Mayer D, Damberger FF, Samarasimhareddy M, Feldmueller M, Vuckovic Z, Flock T, Bauer B, Mutt E, Zosel F, Allain FHT, Standfuss J, Schertler GFX, Deupi X, Sommer ME, Hurevich M, Friedler A, Veprintsev DB. Distinct G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation motifs modulate arrestin affinity and activation and global conformation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1261. [PMID: 30890705 PMCID: PMC6424980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular functions of arrestins are determined in part by the pattern of phosphorylation on the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to which arrestins bind. Despite high-resolution structural data of arrestins bound to phosphorylated receptor C-termini, the functional role of each phosphorylation site remains obscure. Here, we employ a library of synthetic phosphopeptide analogues of the GPCR rhodopsin C-terminus and determine the ability of these peptides to bind and activate arrestins using a variety of biochemical and biophysical methods. We further characterize how these peptides modulate the conformation of arrestin-1 by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Our results indicate different functional classes of phosphorylation sites: 'key sites' required for arrestin binding and activation, an 'inhibitory site' that abrogates arrestin binding, and 'modulator sites' that influence the global conformation of arrestin. These functional motifs allow a better understanding of how different GPCR phosphorylation patterns might control how arrestin functions in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mayer
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, 92093-0636, California, USA.
| | | | | | - Miki Feldmueller
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ziva Vuckovic
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tilman Flock
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, CB3 0DG, UK
| | - Brian Bauer
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Eshita Mutt
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jörg Standfuss
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Gebhard F X Schertler
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Deupi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- Condensed Matter Theory, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Martha E Sommer
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Mattan Hurevich
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Assaf Friedler
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dmitry B Veprintsev
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, NG7 2RD, UK.
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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