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Sathish Kumar M, Joseph A, James Raju KC, Jayavel R. Engineering multifunctionality graphene-based nanocomposites with epoxy-silane functionalized cardanol for next-generation microwave absorber. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 678:407-420. [PMID: 39213993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
As technology advances, the demand for effective microwave-absorbing materials (MAM) to mitigate electromagnetic wave interference is growing. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are increasingly favored across various fields for their high specific surface area, electrical conductivity, low density, and dielectric loss properties. This study presents lightweight nanocomposites composed of graphene nanoplatelets blended with epoxy resin (ER) and cardanol with silane-functionalized (SFC) as a toughening agent. The resulting nanocomposites exhibit a high surface roughness of 130 nm and an enhanced hydrophobicity, as evidenced by a high contact angle. Notably, the ER/SFC/GNP sample at 3 wt% (0.075 g) achieves a minimum reflection loss value of -18 dB at a thickness of 10 mm, indicating improved impedance matching and enhanced dielectric loss capability. The increasing damping factor ratio to approximately 0.95 further augments the reflection loss performance. The research aims to develop cost-effective, efficient, lightweight graphene-based nanocomposite absorbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sathish Kumar
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Andrews Joseph
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Electronics Science and Technology (CASEST), School of Physics, Central University of Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
| | - K C James Raju
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Electronics Science and Technology (CASEST), School of Physics, Central University of Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
| | - R Jayavel
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India; Centre for Energy Storage Technologies Anna University, Chennai 600025, India.
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2
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Albino A, Buonocore F, Celino M, Totti F. The chimera of 2D- and 1D-graphene magnetization by hydrogenation or fluorination: critically revisiting old schemes and proposing new ones by ab initio methods. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1106-1121. [PMID: 38356622 PMCID: PMC10863704 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01008b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Graphene is an ideal candidate material for spintronics due to its layered structure and peculiar electronic structure. However, in its pristine state, the production of magnetic moments is not trivial. A very appealing approach is the chemical modification of pristine graphene. The main obstacle is the control of the geometrical features and the selectivity of functional groups. The lack of a periodic functionalization pattern of the graphene sheet prevents, therefore, the achievement of long-range magnetic order, thus limiting its use in spintronic devices. In such regards, the stability and the magnitude of the instilled magnetic moment depending on the size and shape of in silico designed graphane islands and ribbons embedded in graphene matrix will be computed and analysed. Our findings thus suggest that a novel and magneto-active graphene derivative nanostructure could become achievable more easily than extended graphone or nanoribbons, with a strong potential for future spintronics applications with a variable spin-current density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Albino
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze Via della Lastruccia 3 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019 Italy
| | - Francesco Buonocore
- Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre Roma 00123 Italy
| | - Massimo Celino
- Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre Roma 00123 Italy
| | - Federico Totti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze Via della Lastruccia 3 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019 Italy
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3
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Luo Y, Li C, Zhong C, Li S. A novel 2D intrinsic metal-free ferromagnetic semiconductor Si 3C 8 monolayer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1086-1093. [PMID: 38098345 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05005j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Metal-free magnets, a special kind of ferromagnetic (FM) material, have evolved into an important branch of magnetic materials for spintronic applications. We herein propose a silicon carbide (Si3C8) monolayer and investigate its geometric, electronic, and magnetic properties by using first-principles calculations. The thermal and dynamical stability of the Si3C8 monolayer was confirmed by ab initio molecular dynamics and phonon dispersion simulations. Our results show that the Si3C8 monolayer is a FM semiconductor with a band gap of 1.76 eV in the spin-down channel and a Curie temperature of 22 K. We demonstrate that the intrinsic magnetism of the Si3C8 monolayer is derived from pz orbitals of C atoms via superexchange interactions. Furthermore, the half-metallic state in the FM Si3C8 monolayer can be induced by electron doping. Our work not only illustrates that carrier doping could manipulate the magnetic states of the FM Si3C8 monolayer but also provides an idea to design two-dimensional metal-free magnetic materials for spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangtong Luo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China.
| | - Chengyong Zhong
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, P. R. China.
| | - Shuo Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China.
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4
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Shi T, Yao Y, Hong Y, Li Y, Lu S, Qin W, Wu X. Scrolling reduced graphene oxides to induce room temperature magnetism via spatial coupling of defects. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4344-4353. [PMID: 37439252 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00734k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to its intriguing features and numerous applications, graphene has garnered a lot of interest in recent years. However, it is still very difficult to create graphene-based room-temperature magnets without transition metals or rare earth elements since pristine graphene is inherently diamagnetic due to the delocalized π bonding network. Herein, room-temperature ferromagnetism with a saturation magnetization of 0.93 emu g-1 (300 K) is achieved in defect-rich-reduced graphene oxide (DR-rGO) nanoscrolls by creating a spatial coupling of defects. The experiments and DFT calculations verify that spatial coupling of defects could enhance Rudermann-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interactions to induce magnetism in graphene. It displays high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption performance with a minimal reflection loss of -62.1 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 7.8 GHz (3.0 mm) thanks to greatly improved magnetism. This breakthrough serves as a building block for the creation of room-temperature magnetic carbon materials and expands their applications in many pertinent domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shi
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Yao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Hong
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Songtao Lu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Man P, Huang L, Zhao J, Ly TH. Ferroic Phases in Two-Dimensional Materials. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10990-11046. [PMID: 37672768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) ferroics, namely ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, and ferroelastic materials, are attracting rising interest due to their fascinating physical properties and promising functional applications. A variety of 2D ferroic phases, as well as 2D multiferroics and the novel 2D ferrovalleytronics/ferrotoroidics, have been recently predicted by theory, even down to the single atomic layers. Meanwhile, some of them have already been experimentally verified. In addition to the intrinsic 2D ferroics, appropriate stacking, doping, and defects can also artificially regulate the ferroic phases of 2D materials. Correspondingly, ferroic ordering in 2D materials exhibits enormous potential for future high density memory devices, energy conversion devices, and sensing devices, among other applications. In this paper, the recent research progresses on 2D ferroic phases are comprehensively reviewed, with emphasis on chemistry and structural origin of the ferroic properties. In addition, the promising applications of the 2D ferroics for information storage, optoelectronics, and sensing are also briefly discussed. Finally, we envisioned a few possible pathways for the future 2D ferroics research and development. This comprehensive overview on the 2D ferroic phases can provide an atlas for this field and facilitate further exploration of the intriguing new materials and physical phenomena, which will generate tremendous impact on future functional materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Man
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Lingli Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Thuc Hue Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
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6
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Cheng Y, Li Z, Tang T, Wang X, Hu X, Xu K, Hung Chu M, Hoa ND, Xie H, Yu H, Chen H, Ou JZ. 3D self-assembled indium sulfide nanoreactor for in-situ surface covalent functionalization: Towards high-performance room-temperature NO 2 sensing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 645:86-95. [PMID: 37146382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Thiol functionalization of two-dimensional (2D) metal sulfides has been demonstrated as an effective approach to enhance the sensing performances. However, most thiol functionalization is realized by multiple-step approaches in liquid medium and depends on the dispersity of 2D materials. Here, we utilize a three-dimensional (3D) In2S3 nano-porous structure that self-assembled from 2D components as the nanoreactor, in which the surface-absorbed thiol molecules from the chemical residues of the nanoreactor are used for the in-situ covalent functionalization. Such functionalization is realized by facile heat the nanoreactor at 100 °C, leading to the recombing sulfur vacancies with thiol-terminated groups. The NO2 sensing performances of such functionalized nanoreactor are investigated at room temperature, in which In2S3-100 exhibits a response magnitude of 21.5 towards 10 ppm NO2 with full reversibility, high selectivity, and excellent repeatability. Such high-performance gas sensors can be attributed to the additional electrons that transferring from the functional group into the host, thus significantly modifying the electronic band structure. This work provides a guideline for the facile in-situ functionalization of metal sulfides and an efficient strategy for the high performances gas sensors without external stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China.
| | - Tao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xuanxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Kai Xu
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Manh Hung Chu
- International Training Institute for Materials Science, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Duc Hoa
- International Training Institute for Materials Science, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Huaguang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jian Zhen Ou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
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7
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Miao F, Ji Y, Han B, Quintero SM, Chen H, Xue G, Cai L, Casado J, Zheng Y. Asymmetric and zwitterionic Blatter diradicals. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2698-2705. [PMID: 36908964 PMCID: PMC9993846 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00367a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric diradical molecular systems with different resonance mechanisms are largely unexplored. Herein, two conjugated asymmetric diradicals with Blatter and phenoxyl moieties (pBP and mBP) have been synthesized and studied in depth. A complete set of spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic and magnetic techniques, together with quantum chemical calculations, have been used. The para-isomer (pBP) bears diradical and zwitterionic resonant forms, the latter by a electron delocalization mechanism, which are synergistically integrated by a sequence of nitrogen, provided by the Blatter moiety imine and amine (of different acceptor nature). In the meta-isomer (mBP), the zwitterionic form promoted in pBP by the lone-pair electron of the amine nitrogen is not available, yet it possesses a pseudo-hyperconjugation effect where the N lone pair mediates in a bonding coupling in a counter homolytic bond scission mechanism. Both electronic effects converge to promote medium diradical characters and narrow singlet-triplet gaps to the two electronic isomers. All these aspects delineate the subtle balance that shapes the electronic structure of open-shell molecules, which is even more challenging in the case of asymmetric systems, such as those described here with asymmetric phenoxyl-Blatter diradicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610072 People's Republic of China .,Institute of Electronic and Information Engineering of UESTC in Guangdong Zongbu Second Road No. 17 Dongguan Guangdong 523808 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610072 People's Republic of China .,School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Han
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine State Key Laboratory Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Chengdu 611137 People's Republic of China
| | - Sergio Moles Quintero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n Málaga 29071 Spain
| | - Hanjiao Chen
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Xue
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610072 People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n Málaga 29071 Spain
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610072 People's Republic of China .,School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 People's Republic of China
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8
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Nie Z, Zhang K, Chen X, Wang J, Gao H, Zheng B, Wu Q, Guo Y, Liu X, Wang X. A Multifunctional Integrated Metal-Free MRI Agent for Early Diagnosis of Oxidative Stress in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206171. [PMID: 36596646 PMCID: PMC9982554 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely associated with the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and can be regarded as one of its early biomarkers. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is emerging as a powerful tool for the detection of cardiac abnormalities, but the sensitive and direct ROS-response MRI probe remains to be developed. This restricts the early diagnosis of DCM and prevents timely clinical interventions, resulting in serious and irreversible pathophysiological abnormalities. Herein, a novel ROS-response contrast-enhanced MRI nanoprobe (RCMN) is developed by multi-functionalizing fluorinated carbon nanosheets (FCNs) with multi-hydroxyl and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl groups. RCMNs capture ROS and then gather in the heart provisionally, which triggers MRI signal changes to realize the in vivo detection of ROS. In contrast to the clinical MRI agents, the cardiac abnormalities of disease mice is detected 8 weeks in advance with the assistance of RCMNs, which greatly advances the diagnostic window of DCM. To the best of the knowledge, this is the first ROS-response metal-free T2 -weighted MRI probe for the early diagnosis of DCM mice model. Furthermore, RCMNs can timely scavenge excessively produced ROS to alleviate oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Nie
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of RadiologyKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of EducationWest China Second University HospitalSichuan University20# South Renmin RoadChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Jingxin Wang
- Department of RadiologyKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of EducationWest China Second University HospitalSichuan University20# South Renmin RoadChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610064P. R. China
| | - Bingwen Zheng
- Time Medical Ltd., Hong Kong Science & Technology ParkHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Qihong Wu
- Department of RadiologyKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of EducationWest China Second University HospitalSichuan University20# South Renmin RoadChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Yingkun Guo
- Department of RadiologyKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of EducationWest China Second University HospitalSichuan University20# South Renmin RoadChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
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9
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Yang J, Gao B, Liu W, Du J, Xu Q. Supercritical CO 2 -induced New Chemical Bond of C-O-Si in Graphdiyne to Achieve Robust Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200793. [PMID: 36806422 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The realization of ferromagnetic ordering of two-dimensional (2D) carbon material graphdiyne (GDY) has attracted great attention due to its promising application in spin semiconductor devices. However, the absence of localized spins makes the pristine GDY intrinsically nonferromagnetic. Herein, we report the realization of robust room-temperature (RT) ferromagnetism (FM) with Curie temperature (TC ) up to 325 K for GDY Nanosheets (GDYNs) by supercritical CO2 (SC CO2 ). Experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the new chemical bond of C-O-Si can be formed because of the unique effect of SC CO2 , which help to enhance the charge transfer and generates long-range ferromagnetic order. The RT saturation magnetization (MS ) reaches 1.125 emu/g, which is much higher than that of carbon-based materials reported up to now. Meanwhile, by changing the conditions of SC CO2 such as pressure, ferromagnetic responses can be manipulated, which is great for potential spintronics applications of GDY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Bo Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Du
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Qun Xu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
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10
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Huang Y, Zhang Q, Li YC, Yao Y, Hu Y, Ren S. Chemical Tuning Meets 2D Molecular Magnets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208919. [PMID: 36353899 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
2D magnets provoke a surge of interest in large anisotropy in reduced dimensions and are promising for next-generation information technology where dynamic magnetic tuning is essential. Until recently, the crucial metal-organic magnet Cr(pyz)2 ·xLiCl·yTHF with considerable high coercivity and high-temperature magnetic order opens up a new platform to control magnetism in metal-organic materials at room temperature. Here, an in-situ chemical tuning route is reported to realize the controllable transformation of low-temperature magnetic order into room-temperature hard magnetism in Cr(pyz)2 ·xLiCl·yTHF. The chemical tuning via electrochemical lithiation and solvation/desolvation exhibits continuously variable magnetic features from cryogenic magnetism to the room-temperature optimum performance of coercivity (Hc ) of 8500 Oe and energy product of 0.6 MGOe. Such chemically flexible tunability of room-temperature magnetism is ascribed to the different degrees of lithiation and solvation that modify the stoichiometry and Cr-pyrazine coordination framework. Furthermore, the additively manufactured hybrid magnets show air stability and electromagnetic induction, providing potential applications. The findings here suggest chemical tuning as a universal approach to control the anisotropy and magnetism of 2D hybrid magnets at room temperature, promising for data storage, magnetic refrigeration, and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Yuguang C Li
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Research and Education in Energy, Environment, and Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
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11
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Swain S, Altaee A, Saxena M, Samal AK. A comprehensive study on heterogeneous single atom catalysis: Current progress, and challenges☆. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Hrubý V, Zaoralová D, Medveď M, Bakandritsos A, Zbořil R, Otyepka M. Emerging graphene derivatives as active 2D coordination platforms for single-atom catalysts. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13490-13499. [PMID: 36070404 PMCID: PMC9520671 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03453k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) based on graphene derivatives are an emerging and growing class of materials functioning as two-dimensional (2D) metal-coordination scaffolds with intriguing properties. Recently, owing to the rich chemistry of fluorographene, new avenues have opened toward graphene derivatives with selective, spacer-free, and dense functionalization, acting as in-plane or out-of-plane metal coordination ligands. The particular structural features give rise to intriguing phenomena occurring between the coordinated metals and the graphene backbone. These include redox processes, charge transfer, emergence, and stabilization of rare or otherwise unstable metal valence states, as well as metal-support and metal-metal synergism. The vast potential of such systems has been demonstrated as enzyme mimics for cooperative mixed-valence SACs, ethanol fuel cells, and CO2 fixation; however, it is anticipated that their impact will further expand toward diverse fields, e.g., advanced organic transformations, electrochemical energy storage, and energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítězslav Hrubý
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Zaoralová
- IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Medveď
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Aristeidis Bakandritsos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
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13
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Li S, Xu Y, Liu J, Li Z, Feng Q, Deng Y, Tang N. Non-clustering of sp3fluorine adatoms on pristine graphene surface. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:305403. [PMID: 35576918 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac7023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorination can change graphene's properties, and which is theoretically relative to fluorination pattern ofsp3fluorine adatoms on graphene surface. The common view for the pattern is that it can easily form as a large cluster for the low migration barrier of fluorine adatoms on pristine graphene surface. Here, we report thatsp3fluorine adatoms are well-dispersed rather than clustered due to that the intensity ratio of 1.8 for C-CF/CF peaks (R) of fluorinated graphene is much higher thanR≈ 0 for clustered pattern. The low magnetic inducing efficiency of 1 µB/1000F adatoms indicates that the 'nonmagnetic' fluorine pairs rather than 'magnetic' fluorine 'points' dominate the well-dispersedsp3pattern. Our findings introduce a new insight into the fluorination structure properties of fluorinated and othersp3functionalized such as hydrogenated, chlorinated, or hydroxylated graphene and other carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuilin Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziying Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Feng
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Solar Energy Conversion and Energy Storage Engineering Technology Research Center, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Nujiang Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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14
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Hu DS, Ma LL, Xiao SC, Yu SL, Zhou Y. Quantum interference and domain-wall-like magnetic correlations in hexagonal graphene nanodisks. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:225804. [PMID: 35139502 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac533b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference and traditional domain wall effects are two common ways to manipulate the magnetism in magnetic materials. Here, we report both effects emerge in the designed graphene nanodisks simultaneously, and thus providing an accessible way to engineer the magnetism in graphene nanostructures. By adjusting the length of the armchair edges at the corners of hexagonal disk, connecting the adjacent zigzag edges, we show that the quantum interference among the zigzag edges remains robust and consequently determines the magnetic structure in the small-size systems, in analogy with the nanoribbons. More importantly, a domain-wall-like magnetic mechanism is numerically identified to dominate the larger-size disks. In particular, a magnetic state with fully spin-polarized edges achieved in a wide parameter region promises the future applications for spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Hu
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Ma
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Xinjiang Teacher's College, Urumqi 830043, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Chang Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Li Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Xinjiang Teacher's College, Urumqi 830043, People's Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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15
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Sakhraoui T, Karlický F. DFTB investigations of the electronic and magnetic properties of fluorographene with vacancies and with adsorbed chemical groups. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3312-3321. [PMID: 35050289 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00995h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The electronic and magnetic properties of fluorographene (CF) in the presence of F-vacancy defects and/or chemical groups (-OH, -CN, or -NH2) were computationally investigated within the framework of the density functional tight-binding (DFTB) method. The current method parameterization allowed us to perform accurate electronic structure calculations (at the ab initio level of many-body methods in the particular case of CF) for hundreds of atoms in the computational cell. We show that the F-vacancy and/or chemical groups influence the magnetic structure, which depends on the number of defects and their distribution between the two sides of the graphene plane. Interestingly, we pointed out a possibility of imprinting local magnetism not only via F-vacancy and -OH combinations, but also using F-vacancies and -CN or -NH2 groups. In such structures, the magnetic ordering and the total magnetic moments depend on their adsorption sites and their presence in the same or on opposite sides of the graphene plane. We devote particular attention to the interacting chemical group with the F-vacancies. The interaction between the adsorbed chemical group and the unpaired spins associated with the F-vacancies in CF gives rise to interesting magnetic structures. Finally, the zigzag-like direction is shown as the most preferred for the defluorination of CF. Stable ferrimagnetic zigzag chains with interesting properties are considered to be basic magnetic features in perturbed CF. Our work provides new guidelines for engineering multifunctional spintronic components using CF as a base material. We believe, in particular, that the magnetism is predominantly controlled by the F-vacancies, and the ferromagnet can ideally be regulated via the adsorption of a chemical group on a defective CF supercell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoufik Sakhraoui
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - František Karlický
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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16
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Jeong JH, Kang S, Kim N, Joshi RK, Lee GH. Recent trends in covalent functionalization of 2D materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10684-10711. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04831g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent functionalization of the surface is more crucial in 2D materials than in conventional bulk materials because of their atomic thinness, large surface-to-volume ratio, and uniform surface chemical potential. Because...
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17
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Chen X, Fan K, Liu Y, Li Y, Liu X, Feng W, Wang X. Recent Advances in Fluorinated Graphene from Synthesis to Applications: Critical Review on Functional Chemistry and Structure Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2101665. [PMID: 34658081 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated graphene (FG), as an emerging member of the graphene derivatives family, has attracted wide attention on account of its excellent performances and underlying applications. The introduction of a fluorine atom, with the strongest electronegativity (3.98), greatly changes the electron distribution of graphene, resulting in a series of unique variations in optical, electronic, magnetic, interfacial properties and so on. Herein, recent advances in the study of FG from synthesis to applications are introduced, and the relationship between its structure and properties is summarized in detail. Especially, the functional chemistry of FG has been thoroughly analyzed in recent years, which has opened a universal route for the functionalization and even multifunctionalization of FG toward various graphene derivatives, which further broadens its applications. Moreover, from a particular angle, the structure engineering of FG such as the distribution pattern of fluorine atoms and the regulation of interlayer structure when advanced nanotechnology gets involved is summarized. Notably, the elaborated structure engineering of FG is the key factor to optimize the corresponding properties for potential applications, and is also an up-to-date research hotspot and future development direction. Finally, perspectives and prospects for the problems and challenges in the study of FG are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kun Fan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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18
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Xu Y, Li S, Zhang W, Liu Y, Liu J, Di M, Wang Y, Du Y, Tang N. Universal Fluorination-Created Edge C-F Groups in Networks of Multidimensional Carbon Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7026-7033. [PMID: 34286986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluorination can significantly change the physical and chemical properties of carbon materials (CMs). Common sense for the fluorination mechanism for CMs indicates that one basal-plane C-F group (CF group) can form as one fluorine atom bonded to one carbon atom along the out-of-plane carbon networks without creating edge C-F groups (including CF2 and CF3 groups) at vacancies in carbon networks. We report that fluorination can generally create edge C-F groups in multidimensional CMs such as graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and fullerene, and the concentration of edge C-F groups is dependent on both the crystallinity of starting CMs and the fluorination pressure and temperature. As an example, we show the significant differences in the band gap opening, photoluminescence, and magnetic properties between two half-fluorinated graphenes with different concentrations of edge C-F groups. Our findings highlight the importance of fluorination in creating edge C-F groups in the structure and properties and introduce new insight into fluorinated CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shuilin Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Faculty of Science, Zhenjiang Key Laboratory for Advanced Sensing Materials and Devices, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Maoyun Di
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Youwei Du
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Nujiang Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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19
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Hu W, Wang C, Tan H, Duan H, Li G, Li N, Ji Q, Lu Y, Wang Y, Sun Z, Hu F, Yan W. Embedding atomic cobalt into graphene lattices to activate room-temperature ferromagnetism. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1854. [PMID: 33767164 PMCID: PMC7994802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene is extremely promising for next-generation spintronics applications; however, realizing graphene-based room-temperature magnets remains a great challenge. Here, we demonstrate that robust room-temperature ferromagnetism with TC up to ∼400 K and saturation magnetization of 0.11 emu g−1 (300 K) can be achieved in graphene by embedding isolated Co atoms with the aid of coordinated N atoms. Extensive structural characterizations show that square-planar Co-N4 moieties were formed in the graphene lattices, where atomically dispersed Co atoms provide local magnetic moments. Detailed electronic structure calculations reveal that the hybridization between the d electrons of Co atoms and delocalized pz electrons of N/C atoms enhances the conduction-electron mediated long-range magnetic coupling. This work provides an effective means to induce room-temperature ferromagnetism in graphene and may open possibilities for developing graphene-based spintronics devices. Graphene has shown incredible promise as ideal material for numerous fields; however its use in spintronics has been hampered by the lack of intrinsic magnetism. Here, Hu et al succeed in embedding Cobalt in the graphene lattice, creating robust room-temperature ferromagnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Tan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Hengli Duan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Guinan Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Ji
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ying Lu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Zhihu Sun
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
| | - Fengchun Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Yan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
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20
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Kokorin AI, Gromov OI, Putnikov AE, Dorovatovskii PV, Zubavichus YV, Khrustalev VN. Structure and Properties of a Biradical Containing Acetylene and Phenylene Groups in the Bridge. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793121020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Enhancing and Tuning the Nonlinear Optical Response and Wavelength-Agile Strong Optical Limiting Action of N-octylamine Modified Fluorographenes. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112319. [PMID: 33238499 PMCID: PMC7700198 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fluorographene has been recently shown to be a suitable platform for synthesizing numerous graphene derivatives with desired properties. In that respect, N-octylamine-modified fluorographenes with variable degrees of functionalization are studied and their nonlinear optical properties are assessed using 4 ns pulses. A very strong enhancement of the nonlinear optical response and a very efficient optical limiting action are observed, being strongly dependent on the degree of functionalization of fluorographene. The observed enhanced response is attributed to the increasing number of defects because of the incorporation of N-heteroatoms in the graphitic network upon functionalization with N-octylamine. The present work paves the way for the controlled covalent functionalization of graphene enabling a scalable access to a wide portfolio of graphene derivatives with custom-tailored properties.
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22
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Zhang M, Wang X, Sun H, Wang N, He J, Wang N, Long Y, Huang C, Li Y. Induced Ferromagnetic Order of Graphdiyne Semiconductors by Introducing a Heteroatom. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:950-958. [PMID: 32607442 PMCID: PMC7318061 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To date, the realization of ferromagnetism in two-dimensional carbon semiconductors containing only sp electrons has remained a challenge for spintronics. Here, we utilize the atomic-level functionalization strategy to obtain three carbon matrix materials by accurately introducing different light elements (H, F, Cl) into graphdiyne's benzene ring. Their magnetic and conductive characteristics are thoroughly clarified via physical property measurements and DFT calculations. All of these carbon matrix materials retain their excellent intrinsic semiconductor properties. In particular, compared with the paramagnetism of HsGDY and ClsGDY, a robust ferromagnetic ordering as well as high mobility of up to 320 cm2 V-1 s-1 was observed in FsGDY, successfully realizing a ferromagnetic semiconductor. Through theory calculations, this unique ferromagnetic coupling can be attributed to the most striking charge transfer between carbon and fluorine atoms, demonstrating the advantages of controllable fabrication. These results not only reveal the important role of atomic-scale doping/substitution in optimizing graphdiyne material but also create new possibilities for manipulating spins and charges in 2D carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjia Zhang
- Qingdao
Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiong Wang
- College
of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Sun
- College
of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Naiyin Wang
- Department
of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital
Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Jianjiang He
- Qingdao
Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong
University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yunze Long
- College
of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Changshui Huang
- Qingdao
Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- Center
of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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23
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Kouloumpis A, Chronopoulos DD, Potsi G, Pykal M, Vlček J, Scheibe M, Otyepka M. One-Step Synthesis of Janus Fluorographene Derivatives. Chemistry 2020; 26:6518-6524. [PMID: 32027766 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fluorographene, a two-dimensional derivative of graphene, is an excellent starting material for the synthesis of graphene derivatives. In this work, a one-step, substrate-free method for the asymmetric functionalization of fluorographene layers with hydroxyl groups by a facile nucleophilic substitution reaction is reported. Such a chemical modification occurs in a biphasic aqueous-organic system under mild conditions, leading to Janus graphene nanosheets functionalized by hydroxyl groups on one side and retaining fluorine atoms on the other. The reported experimental route paves the way for two-dimensional bifacial graphene templates, thus broadening the application potential of graphene materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Kouloumpis
- Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Demetrios D Chronopoulos
- Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Georgia Potsi
- Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pykal
- Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vlček
- Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Scheibe
- Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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24
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Zhou X, Li Y, Zhang C, Wang Y, Lu Y. A novel hydroxofluorographene-coated melamine foam for efficient and repeatable oil removal from water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:8071-8081. [PMID: 31897982 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the frequent occurrence of oil spill accidents and the continuous discharge of oily water during oil production and transportation, effective oil removal from environmental water by adsorption still faces severe challenges. Here, a novel absorbent hydroxofluorographene-coated melamine foam, namely G(OH)F@MF, with high affinity to oils was fabricated via stepwise assembly. The G(OH)F@MF absorbent achieved effective removal of various oils within 1 min with relatively high adsorption capacities for petrol (89.34 g/g), lubricating oil (89.60 g/g), and peanut oil (104.79 g/g). Furthermore, it could be regenerated by simply squeezing and reused for more than 10 times with an adsorption capacity exceeding 37.12 g/g. In addition, the results indicated that the G(OH)F@MF absorbent was suitable for oil cleanup at a wide range of pH values (4-12) and temperatures (5-45 °C). The adsorption performance of the material was stable in the presence of natural organic matter and even in different water environments. This study can provide a novel sorbent and method for the green, rapid, recyclable, and stable removal of oils from environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumiao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
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25
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Chronopoulos DD, Medveď M, Potsi G, Tomanec O, Scheibe M, Otyepka M. Tunable one-step double functionalization of graphene based on fluorographene chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1936-1939. [PMID: 32002534 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09514d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Double functionalized graphene derivatives were synthetized by a one-pot reaction of fluorographene with organometallic nucleophiles. Their nucleophilicity governed the preference for grafting and was utilized for tuning the functionalization. This approach paves the way toward the facile, up-scalable and controllable multifunctionalization of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrios D Chronopoulos
- Faculty of Science, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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26
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Aïssa B, Ali A, Bentouaf A, Khan W, Hossain MI, Kroeger J, Muhammad NM. Functionalized single-walled carbon-nanotube-blended P3HT-based high performance memory behavior thin-film transistor devices. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:075201. [PMID: 31661677 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab5274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication and transport properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) blended with P3HT (poly 3-hexyl thiophene-2, 5-diyl). The composite is used as a hybrid organic active channel transistor. The performances of the fabricated devices were investigated as a function of the SWCNTs' loads in the composite, and their response evaluated under white light illumination. Our results show that for SWCNT loads ≤1.5 wt%, all the devices behave as p-type transistors, exhibiting excellent performance, with an I on /I off ratio of 104 and a maximum on-state current (I on) exceeding 80 μA. Moreover, compared with pristine transistors with a P3HT channel, the Hall mobility of these hybrid TFTs was found to increase by more than one order of magnitude, i.e. increasing from 0.062 to 1.54 cm2 V-1 s-1. Finally, under light illumination, the transfer characteristics (i.e. I DS as a function of V GS) were found to systematically undergo a typical shift together with a fully-reversible memory behavior. A fundamental understanding of this work can assist in providing new routes for the development of reliable efficient hybrid organic-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aïssa
- MPB Communications Inc., Space & Photonics Division, 151 Hymus Boulv., Pointe Claire, H9R 1E9, Canada. Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
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27
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Magnetic Materials and Systems: Domain Structure Visualization and Other Characterization Techniques for the Application in the Materials Science and Biomedicine. INORGANICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic structures have attracted a great interest due to their multiple applications, from physics to biomedicine. Several techniques are currently employed to investigate magnetic characteristics and other physicochemical properties of magnetic structures. The major objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the usage, advances, advantages, and disadvantages of a large number of techniques that are currently available to characterize magnetic systems. The present review, aiming at helping in the choice of the most suitable method as appropriate, is divided into three sections dedicated to characterization techniques. Firstly, the magnetism and magnetization (hysteresis) techniques are introduced. Secondly, the visualization methods of the domain structures by means of different probes are illustrated. Lastly, the characterization of magnetic nanosystems in view of possible biomedical applications is discussed, including the exploitation of magnetism in imaging for cell tracking/visualization of pathological alterations in living systems (mainly by magnetic resonance imaging, MRI).
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28
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Lin L, Fu L, Zhang K, Chen J, Zhang W, Tang S, Du Y, Tang N. P-Superdoped Graphene: Synthesis and Magnetic Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:39062-39067. [PMID: 31564093 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P)-doping in vacancies of graphene sheets can significantly change graphene's physical and chemical properties. Generally, a high level for P-doping is difficult due to the low concentration of vacancy but is needed to synthesize graphene with the perfect properties. Herein, we synthesized the P-superdoped graphene with the very high P content of 6.40 at. % by thermal annealing of fluorographite (FGi) in P vapor. Moreover, we show that the P-doping level can be adjusted in the wide range from 2.86 to 6.40 at. % by changing the mass ratio of red phosphorus to FGi. The magnetic results show that (i) P-doping can effectively create localized magnetic moments in graphene; (ii) the higher the doping level of sp3-type POx groups, the higher the magnetization of P-superdoped graphene is; and (iii) the high P-doping levels can lead to the coexistence of antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic behavior. It is proposed that the sp3-type POx groups are the major magnetic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Lin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
- University Physics Experiment Center , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai 200093 , China
| | - Lin Fu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Kaiyu Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Jie Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Weili Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Shaolong Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Youwei Du
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Nujiang Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
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29
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Kokorin AI, Gromov OI, Kálai T, Hideg K, Putnikov AE. Specific Features of the Intramolecular Spin Exchange in a Novel Nitroxide Triradical. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793119050178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Zoppellaro G, Bakandritsos A, Tuček J, Błoński P, Susi T, Lazar P, Bad'ura Z, Steklý T, Opletalová A, Otyepka M, Zbořil R. Microwave Energy Drives "On-Off-On" Spin-Switch Behavior in Nitrogen-Doped Graphene. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902587. [PMID: 31379033 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The established application of graphene in organic/inorganic spin-valve spintronic assemblies is as a spin-transport channel for spin-polarized electrons injected from ferromagnetic substrates. To generate and control spin injection without such substrates, the graphene backbone must be imprinted with spin-polarized states and itinerant-like spins. Computations suggest that such states should emerge in graphene derivatives incorporating pyridinic nitrogen. The synthesis and electronic properties of nitrogen-doped graphene (N content: 9.8%), featuring both localized spin centers and spin-containing sites with itinerant electron properties, are reported. This material exhibits spin-switch behavior (on-off-on) controlled by microwave irradiation at X-band frequency. This phenomenon may enable the creation of novel types of switches, filters, and spintronic devices using sp2 -only 2D systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Zoppellaro
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tuček
- Department of Experimental Physics, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Błoński
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Toma Susi
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petr Lazar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Bad'ura
- Department of Experimental Physics, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Steklý
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ariana Opletalová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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31
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Fu L, Wang Y, Zhang K, Zhang W, Chen J, Deng Y, Du Y, Tang N. Realization of Ambient-Stable Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism by Low-Temperature Annealing of Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6341-6347. [PMID: 31026142 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs) annealed at the low temperature of 400 °C (aGONRs-400) are developed as an excellent room-temperature (RT) ferromagnet. The saturated magnetization ( Ms) of aGONRs-400 is high, up to 0.39 emu/g at room temperature, and the RT ferromagnetism (FM) exhibits excellent ambient stability with Ms preserved for over half a year. The preferential distribution of the magnetic phenolic hydroxyl toward the edges, which contributes to the long-range ferromagnetic couplings, was confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurement and gradient annealing analysis. The approach of low-temperature annealing is proved to be efficient both to remove the prominent nonmagnetic epoxy groups on the basal plane of GONRs or transform them to magnetic hydroxyl groups and to preserve the magnetic phenolic hydroxyl at the edges to realize a strong and ambient stable FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Yong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Kaiyu Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Weili Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Jie Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Yu Deng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Youwei Du
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Nujiang Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
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32
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Beldjoudi Y, Arauzo A, Campo J, Gavey EL, Pilkington M, Nascimento MA, Rawson JM. Structural, Magnetic, and Optical Studies of the Polymorphic 9'-Anthracenyl Dithiadiazolyl Radical. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6875-6889. [PMID: 30875208 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescent 9'-anthracenyl-functionalized dithiadiazolyl radical (3) exhibits four structurally determined crystalline phases, all of which are monomeric in the solid state. Polymorph 3α (monoclinic P21/ c, Z' = 2) is isolated when the radical is condensed onto a cold substrate (enthalpically favored polymorph), whereas 3β (orthorhombic P21 21 21, Z' = 3) is collected on a warm substrate (entropically favored polymorph). The α and β polymorphs exhibit chemically distinct structures with 3α exhibiting face-to-face π-π interactions between anthracenyl groups, while 3β exhibits edge-to-face π-π interactions. 3α undergoes an irreversible conversion to 3β on warming to 120 °C (393 K). The β-phase undergoes a series of reversible solid-state transformations on cooling; below 300 K a phase transition occurs to form 3γ (monoclinic P21/ c, Z' = 1), and on further cooling below 165 K, a further transition is observed to 3δ (monoclinic P21/ n, Z' = 2). Both 3β → 3γ and 3γ → 3δ transitions are reversible (single-crystal X-ray diffraction), and the 3γ → 3δ process exhibits thermal hysteresis with a clear feature observed by heat capacity measurements. Heating 3β above 160 °C generates a fifth polymorph (3ε) which is distinct from 3α-3δ based on powder X-ray diffraction data. The magnetic behavior of both 3α and the 3β/3γ/3δ system reflect an S = 1/2 paramagnet with weak antiferromagnetic coupling. The reversible 3δ ↔ 3γ phase transition exhibits thermal hysteresis of 20 K. Below 50 K, the value of χm T for 3δ approaches 0 emu·K·mol-1 consistent with formation of a gapped state with an S = 0 ground-state configuration. In solution, both paramagnetic 3 and diamagnetic [3][GaCl4] exhibit similar absorption and emission profiles reflecting similar absorption and emission mechanisms for paramagnetic and diamagnetic forms. Both emit in the deep-blue region of the visible spectrum (λem ∼ 440 nm) upon excitation at 255 nm with quantum yields of 4% (3) and 30% ([3][GaCl4]) affording a switching ratio [ΦF(3+)/ΦF(3)] of 7.5 in quantum efficiency with oxidation state. Solid-state films of both 3 and [3][GaCl4] exhibit emission bands at a longer wavelength (490 nm) attributed to excimer emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Beldjoudi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Ana Arauzo
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon , CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza , E-50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Javier Campo
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon , CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza , E-50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Emma L Gavey
- Department of Chemistry , Brock University , 500 Glenridge Avenue , St. Catharines , Ontario L2S 3A1 , Canada
| | - Melanie Pilkington
- Department of Chemistry , Brock University , 500 Glenridge Avenue , St. Catharines , Ontario L2S 3A1 , Canada
| | - Mitchell A Nascimento
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Jeremy M Rawson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
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Bakandritsos A, Kadam RG, Kumar P, Zoppellaro G, Medved' M, Tuček J, Montini T, Tomanec O, Andrýsková P, Drahoš B, Varma RS, Otyepka M, Gawande MB, Fornasiero P, Zbořil R. Mixed-Valence Single-Atom Catalyst Derived from Functionalized Graphene. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1900323. [PMID: 30811705 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) aim at bridging the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. The challenge is the development of materials with ligands enabling coordination of metal atoms in different valence states, and preventing leaching or nanoparticle formation. Graphene functionalized with nitrile groups (cyanographene) is herein employed for the robust coordination of Cu(II) ions, which are partially reduced to Cu(I) due to graphene-induced charge transfer. Inspired by nature's selection of Cu(I) in enzymes for oxygen activation, this 2D mixed-valence SAC performs flawlessly in two O2 -mediated reactions: the oxidative coupling of amines and the oxidation of benzylic CH bonds toward high-value pharmaceutical synthons. High conversions (up to 98%), selectivities (up to 99%), and recyclability are attained with very low metal loadings in the reaction. The synergistic effect of Cu(II) and Cu(I) is the essential part in the reaction mechanism. The developed strategy opens the door to a broad portfolio of other SACs via their coordination to various functional groups of graphene, as demonstrated by successful entrapment of FeIII /FeII single atoms to carboxy-graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelu˚ 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ravishankar G Kadam
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelu˚ 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelu˚ 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Giorgio Zoppellaro
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelu˚ 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Medved'
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelu˚ 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tuček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelu˚ 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tiziano Montini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM Trieste Research Unit and ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ondřej Tomanec
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelu˚ 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Andrýsková
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelu˚ 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Drahoš
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelu˚ 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelu˚ 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Manoj B Gawande
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelu˚ 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM Trieste Research Unit and ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelu˚ 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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34
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Chronopoulos DD, Medved' M, Błoński P, Nováček Z, Jakubec P, Tomanec O, Bakandritsos A, Novotná V, Zbořil R, Otyepka M. Alkynylation of graphene via the Sonogashira C-C cross-coupling reaction on fluorographene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1088-1091. [PMID: 30620024 PMCID: PMC6350624 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08492k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report successful grafting of alkynyl groups onto graphene via the Sonogashira reaction between fluorographene and terminal alkynes.
We report successful grafting of alkynyl groups onto graphene via the Sonogashira reaction between fluorographene and terminal alkynes. Theoretical calculations revealed that fluorographene can efficiently bind and oxidize the palladium catalyst on electrophilic sites activated by fluorine atoms. This paves the way towards conductive and mechanically robust 3D covalent networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrios D Chronopoulos
- Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Langer R, Błoński P, Otyepka M. Tuning the magnetic properties of graphene derivatives by functional group selection. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:12697-12703. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01677e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of hydroxofluorographene G(OH)F, a graphene derivative showing room temperature antiferromagnetic ordering, suggests that there may be other sp-materials based on sp3-functionalized graphene that exhibit magnetic ordering and whose properties can be controlled by selecting suitable functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostislav Langer
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacky University in Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Błoński
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Faculty of Science
- Palacky University in Olomouc
- Olomouc 783 71
- Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacky University in Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
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36
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Tuček J, Holá K, Zoppellaro G, Błoński P, Langer R, Medved' M, Susi T, Otyepka M, Zbořil R. Zigzag sp 2 Carbon Chains Passing through an sp 3 Framework: A Driving Force toward Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic Graphene. ACS NANO 2018; 12:12847-12859. [PMID: 30516956 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization of ferromagnetic ordering in graphene-based systems up to room temperature remains an important challenge owing to the huge scope for applications in electronics, spintronics, biomedicine, and separation technologies. To date, several strategies have been proposed, including edge engineering, introduction of defects and dopants, and covalent functionalization. However, these techniques are usually hampered by limited temperature sustainability of ferromagnetic ordering. Here, we describe a method for the well-controlled sp3 functionalization of graphene to synthesize zigzag conjugated sp2 carbon chains that can act as communication pathways among radical motifs. Zigzag sp2/sp3 patterns in the basal plane were clearly observed by high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and provided a suitable matrix for stabilization of ferromagnetic ordering up to room temperature due to combined contributions of itinerant π-electrons and superexchange interactions. The results highlight the principal role of sp2/sp3 ratio and superorganization of radical motifs in graphene for generating room-temperature nonmetallic magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Tuček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacký University in Olomouc , Šlechtitelů 27 , 783 71 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Holá
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacký University in Olomouc , Šlechtitelů 27 , 783 71 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Giorgio Zoppellaro
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacký University in Olomouc , Šlechtitelů 27 , 783 71 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Błoński
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacký University in Olomouc , Šlechtitelů 27 , 783 71 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Rostislav Langer
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacký University in Olomouc , Šlechtitelů 27 , 783 71 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Medved'
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacký University in Olomouc , Šlechtitelů 27 , 783 71 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Toma Susi
- Faculty of Physics , University of Vienna , Boltzmanngasse 5 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacký University in Olomouc , Šlechtitelů 27 , 783 71 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacký University in Olomouc , Šlechtitelů 27 , 783 71 Olomouc , Czech Republic
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Li Q, Lin H, Lv R, Terrones M, Chi L, Hofer WA, Pan M. Locally Induced Spin States on Graphene by Chemical Attachment of Boron Atoms. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5482-5487. [PMID: 30111115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pristine graphene is known to be nonmagnetic due to its π-conjugated electron system. However, we find that localized magnetic moments can be generated by chemically attaching boron atoms to the graphene sheets. Such spin-polarized states are evidenced by the spin-split of the density of states (DOS) peaks near the Fermi level in scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). In the vicinity of several coadsorbed boron atoms, the Coulomb repulsion between multiple spins leads to antiferromagnetic coupling for the induced spin states in the graphene lattice, manifesting itself as an increment of spin-down state at specific regions. Experimental observations and interpretations are rationalized by extensive density functional theory (DFT) simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Haiping Lin
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Ruitao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
- Institute of Carbon Science and Technology , Shinshu University , 4-17-1 Wakasato , Nagano , 380-8553 , Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Chemical Engineering , Carlos III University of Madrid , Avenida Universidad 30 , 28911 Leganés , Madrid , Spain
- IMDEA Materials Institute , Eric Kandel 2 , Getafe , Madrid 28005 , Spain
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Werner A Hofer
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , United Kingdom
| | - Minghu Pan
- School of Physics , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
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Matochová D, Medved’ M, Bakandritsos A, Steklý T, Zbořil R, Otyepka M. 2D Chemistry: Chemical Control of Graphene Derivatization. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:3580-3585. [PMID: 29890828 PMCID: PMC6038093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Controllable synthesis of graphene derivatives with defined composition and properties represents the holy grail of graphene chemistry, especially in view of the low reactivity of graphene. Recent progress in fluorographene (FG) chemistry has opened up new routes for synthesizing a plethora of graphene derivatives with widely applicable properties, but they are often difficult to control. We explored nucleophilic substitution on FG combining density functional theory calculations with experiments to achieve accurate control over the functionalization process. In-depth analysis revealed the complexity of the reaction and identified basic rules for controlling the 2D chemistry. Their application, that is, choice of solvent and reaction time, enabled facile control over the reaction of FG with N-octylamine to form graphene derivatives with tailored content of the alkylamine functional group (2.5-7.5% N atomic content) and F atoms (31.5-3.5% F atomic content). This work substantially extends prospects for the controlled covalent functionalization of graphene.
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Bouša D, Mazánek V, Sedmidubský D, Jankovský O, Pumera M, Sofer Z. Hydrogenation of Fluorographite and Fluorographene: An Easy Way to Produce Highly Hydrogenated Graphene. Chemistry 2018; 24:8350-8360. [PMID: 29582493 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fluorographene is an excellent precursor for the synthesis of graphene derivatives. Relative to pure graphene, fluorographene possesses higher reactivity and, in comparison with graphene oxide, is also homogenous in composition, which enables the preparation of well-defined materials. Recently, it has been shown that several graphene derivatives can be synthesized from fluorographene, thus yielding various products such as graphene acid or alkylated graphene. This study focuses on the hydrogenation of fluorographene by using various hydrogenation reactions, including the use complex hydrides and solvated electrons in different media. In addition, a comparison of these reactions shows that fluorinated graphite has significantly lower reactivity than fluorographene. The conversion rates of these reactions are higher when fluorographene is used relative to fluorographite. These reactions can be used to tune the hydrogen/fluorine composition on a graphene backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bouša
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Mazánek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmidubský
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Jankovský
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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40
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Tuček J, Błoński P, Ugolotti J, Swain AK, Enoki T, Zbořil R. Emerging chemical strategies for imprinting magnetism in graphene and related 2D materials for spintronic and biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:3899-3990. [PMID: 29578212 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00288b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Graphene, a single two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms with an arrangement mimicking the honeycomb hexagonal architecture, has captured immense interest of the scientific community since its isolation in 2004. Besides its extraordinarily high electrical conductivity and surface area, graphene shows a long spin lifetime and limited hyperfine interactions, which favors its potential exploitation in spintronic and biomedical applications, provided it can be made magnetic. However, pristine graphene is diamagnetic in nature due to solely sp2 hybridization. Thus, various attempts have been proposed to imprint magnetic features into graphene. The present review focuses on a systematic classification and physicochemical description of approaches leading to equip graphene with magnetic properties. These include introduction of point and line defects into graphene lattices, spatial confinement and edge engineering, doping of graphene lattice with foreign atoms, and sp3 functionalization. Each magnetism-imprinting strategy is discussed in detail including identification of roles of various internal and external parameters in the induced magnetic regimes, with assessment of their robustness. Moreover, emergence of magnetism in graphene analogues and related 2D materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides, metal halides, metal dinitrides, MXenes, hexagonal boron nitride, and other organic compounds is also reviewed. Since the magnetic features of graphene can be readily masked by the presence of magnetic residues from synthesis itself or sample handling, the issue of magnetic impurities and correct data interpretations is also addressed. Finally, current problems and challenges in magnetism of graphene and related 2D materials and future potential applications are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Tuček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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41
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Zhao M, Xiao H, Chen S, Hu T, Jia J, Wu H. Temperature-tuned ferromagnetism in hydrogenated multilayer graphene. RSC Adv 2018; 8:13148-13153. [PMID: 35542517 PMCID: PMC9079760 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the ferromagnetism properties of pure carbon-based materials is extremely important for their application in spintronics. Hydrogenation of graphene is an effective way to induce magnetic moment into graphene with the advantage of reversibility. However, little experimental work has been done to prove the effect of hydrogen on the magnetic properties of graphene so far, except for systems containing a large amount of oxygen or plasma-induced vacancy which complicated the magnetic origin. Here we report a facile electrochemical cathodic method to generate hydrogenated multilayer graphene or few-layer graphite using graphite powder as the raw material, and observed hydrogen-induced ferromagnetism in samples annealed at different temperatures. The observed results suggest that ferromagnetism of hydrogenated multilayer graphene can be tuned by high temperature treatment, which is attributed to a changeable relative amount of hydrogen atoms chemisorpted on two different sublattices during thermal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University Linfen China 041004
- The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University No. 1, Gongyuan Street Linfen China 041004
| | - He Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University Linfen China 041004
- The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University No. 1, Gongyuan Street Linfen China 041004
| | - Shuai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan China 030001
| | - Tianjun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University Linfen China 041004
- The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University No. 1, Gongyuan Street Linfen China 041004
| | - Jianfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University Linfen China 041004
- The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University No. 1, Gongyuan Street Linfen China 041004
| | - Haishun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University Linfen China 041004
- The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University No. 1, Gongyuan Street Linfen China 041004
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Medveď M, Zoppellaro G, Ugolotti J, Matochová D, Lazar P, Pospíšil T, Bakandritsos A, Tuček J, Zbořil R, Otyepka M. Reactivity of fluorographene is triggered by point defects: beyond the perfect 2D world. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4696-4707. [PMID: 29442111 PMCID: PMC5892133 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09426d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of graphene derivatives using fluorographene (FG) as a precursor has become a key strategy for the large-scale synthesis of new 2-D materials (e.g. graphene acid, cyanographene, allyl-graphene) with tailored physicochemical properties. However, to gain full control over the derivatization process, it is essential to understand the reaction mechanisms and accompanying processes that affect the composition and structure of the final products. Despite the strength of C-F bonds and high chemical stability of perfluorinated hydrocarbons, FG is surprisingly susceptible to reactions under ambient conditions. There is clear evidence that nucleophilic substitution on FG is accompanied by spontaneous defluorination, and solvent-induced defluorination can occur even in the absence of any nucleophilic agent. Here, we show that distributed radical centers (fluorine vacancies) on the FG surface need to be taken into account in order to rationalize the defluorination mechanism. Depending on the environment, these radical centers can react as electron acceptors, electrophilic sites and/or cause homolytic bond cleavages. We also propose a new radical mechanism of FG defluorination in the presence of N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. Spin-trap experiments as well as 19F NMR measurements unambiguously confirmed formation of N,N'-dimethylformyl radicals and also showed that N,N'-dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride plays a key role in the proposed mechanism. These findings imply that point defects in 2D materials should be considered as key factor determining their chemical properties and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Medveď
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Giorgio Zoppellaro
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Juri Ugolotti
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Dagmar Matochová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Lazar
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Pospíšil
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Tuček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Marsoner Steinkasserer LE, Pohl V, Paulus B. Cyanographone and isocyanographone - Two asymmetrically functionalized graphene pseudohalides and their potential use in chemical sensing. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:084703. [PMID: 29495762 DOI: 10.1063/1.5009405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene pseudohalides are natural candidates for use in molecular sensing due to their greater chemical activity as compared to both graphene halides and pristine graphene. Though their study is still in its infancy, being hindered until recently by the unavailability of both selective and efficient procedures for their synthesis, they promise to considerably widen the application potential of chemically modified graphenes. Herein, we employ van der Waals density functional theory to study the structural and electronic properties of two selected graphene pseudohalides, namely, cyanographone and isocyanographone and investigate the potential use of the latter as a chemical sensor via electron transport calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Pohl
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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44
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Rajeena U, Akbar M, Raveendran P, Ramakrishnan RM. Fluorographite to hydroxy graphene to graphene: a simple wet chemical approach for good quality graphene. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01392f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Good quality graphene is prepared in a scalable manner from fluorographite by nucleophilic substitution of F with OH− ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uruniyengal Rajeena
- Department of Chemistry
- Sree Neelakanta Govt. Sanskrit College
- Pattambi, Affiliated to University of Calicut
- India
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Department of Chemistry
- Sree Neelakanta Govt. Sanskrit College
- Pattambi, Affiliated to University of Calicut
- India
| | | | - Resmi M. Ramakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry
- Sree Neelakanta Govt. Sanskrit College
- Pattambi, Affiliated to University of Calicut
- India
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45
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Chronopoulos DD, Bakandritsos A, Pykal M, Zbořil R, Otyepka M. Chemistry, properties, and applications of fluorographene. APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY 2017; 9:60-70. [PMID: 29238741 PMCID: PMC5721099 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fluorographene, formally a two-dimensional stoichiometric graphene derivative, attracted remarkable attention of the scientific community due to its extraordinary physical and chemical properties. We overview the strategies for the preparation of fluorinated graphene derivatives, based on top-down and bottom-up approaches. The physical and chemical properties of fluorographene, which is considered as one of the thinnest insulators with a wide electronic band gap, are presented. Special attention is paid to the rapidly developing chemistry of fluorographene, which was advanced in the last few years. The unusually high reactivity of fluorographene, which can be chemically considered perfluorinated hydrocarbon, enables facile and scalable access to a wide portfolio of graphene derivatives, such as graphene acid, cyanographene and allyl-graphene. Finally, we summarize the so far reported applications of fluorographene and fluorinated graphenes, spanning from sensing and bioimaging to separation, electronics and energy technologies.
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Makarova TL, Shelankov AL, Shames AI, Zyrianova AA, Komlev AA, Chekhova GN, Pinakov DV, Bulusheva LG, Okotrub AV, Lähderanta E. Tabby graphene: Dimensional magnetic crossover in fluorinated graphite. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16544. [PMID: 29185456 PMCID: PMC5707391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tabby is a pattern of short irregular stripes, usually related to domestic cats. We have produced Tabby patterns on graphene by attaching fluorine atoms running as monoatomic chains in crystallographic directions. Separated by non-fluorinated sp 2 carbon ribbons, sp 3-hybridized carbon atoms bonded to zigzag fluorine chains produce sp 2-sp 3 interfaces and spin-polarized edge states localized on both sides of the chains. We have compared two kinds of fluorinated graphite samples C2F x , with x near to 1 and x substantially below 1. The magnetic susceptibility of C2F x (x < 1) shows a broad maximum and a thermally activated spin gap behaviour that can be understood in a two-leg spin ladder model with ferromagnetic legs and antiferromagnetic rungs; the spin gap constitutes about 450 K. Besides, stable room-temperature ferromagnetism is observed in C2F x (x < 1) samples: the crossover to a three-dimensional magnetic behaviour is due to the onset of interlayer interactions. Similarly prepared C2F x (x ≈ 1) samples demonstrate features of two-dimensional magnetism without signs of high-temperature magnetic ordering, but with transition to a superparamagnetic state below 40 K instead. The magnetism of the Tabby graphene is stable until 520 K, which is the temperature of the structural reconstruction of fluorinated graphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Makarova
- Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, 53851, Finland
- Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation
| | - A L Shelankov
- Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation
| | - A I Shames
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - A A Zyrianova
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - A A Komlev
- Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, 53851, Finland
| | - G N Chekhova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - D V Pinakov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - L G Bulusheva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - A V Okotrub
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - E Lähderanta
- Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, 53851, Finland.
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Gong P, Zhao Q, Dai D, Zhang S, Tian Z, Sun L, Ren J, Liu Z. Functionalized Ultrasmall Fluorinated Graphene with High NIR Absorbance for Controlled Delivery of Mixed Anticancer Drugs. Chemistry 2017; 23:17531-17541. [PMID: 28898464 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Gong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediate, and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediate, and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Dujuan Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediate, and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Shumiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediate, and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediate, and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediate, and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jiashuo Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediate, and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediate, and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu, Shandong, P.R. China
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48
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Buonocore F, Capasso A, Lisi N. An ab initio study of hydroxylated graphane. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:104705. [PMID: 28915759 DOI: 10.1063/1.4986858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based derivatives with covalent functionalization and well-defined stoichiometry are highly desirable in view of their application as functional surfaces. Here, we have evaluated by ab initio calculations the energy of formation and the phase diagram of hydroxylated graphane structures, i.e., fully functionalized graphene derivatives coordinated with -H and -OH groups. We compared these structures to different hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated graphene oxide derivatives, with high level of epoxide and hydroxyl groups functionalization. Based on our calculations, stable phases of hydroxylated graphane with low and high contents of hydrogen are demonstrated for high oxygen and hydrogen partial pressure, respectively. Stable phases of graphene oxide with a mixed carbon hybridization are also found. Notably, the synthesis of hydroxylated graphane has been recently reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Capasso
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Nicola Lisi
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Centre, I-00123 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
The absorption energy of atomic hydrogen at rotated graphene bilayers is studied using ab initio methods based on the density functional theory including van der Waals interactions. We find that, due to the surface corrugation induced by the underneath rotated layer and the perturbation of the electronic density of states near the Fermi energy, the atoms with an almost AA stacking are the preferential ones for hydrogen chemisorption. The adsorption energy difference between different atoms can be as large as 80 meV. In addition, we find that, due to the logarithmic van Hove singularities in the electronic density of states at energies close to the Dirac point, the adsorption energy of either electron or hole doped samples is substantially increased. We also find that the adsorption energy increases with the decrease of the rotated angle between the layers. Finally, the large zero point energy of the C-H bond (∼0.3 eV) suggests adsorption and desorption of atomic hydrogen and deuterium should behave differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Brihuega
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Yndurain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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50
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Bakandritsos A, Pykal M, Błoński P, Jakubec P, Chronopoulos DD, Poláková K, Georgakilas V, Čépe K, Tomanec O, Ranc V, Bourlinos AB, Zbořil R, Otyepka M. Cyanographene and Graphene Acid: Emerging Derivatives Enabling High-Yield and Selective Functionalization of Graphene. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2982-2991. [PMID: 28208019 PMCID: PMC5371925 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b08449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and selective methods for covalent derivatization of graphene are needed because they enable tuning of graphene's surface and electronic properties, thus expanding its application potential. However, existing approaches based mainly on chemistry of graphene and graphene oxide achieve only limited level of functionalization due to chemical inertness of the surface and nonselective simultaneous attachment of different functional groups, respectively. Here we present a conceptually different route based on synthesis of cyanographene via the controllable substitution and defluorination of fluorographene. The highly conductive and hydrophilic cyanographene allows exploiting the complex chemistry of -CN groups toward a broad scale of graphene derivatives with very high functionalization degree. The consequent hydrolysis of cyanographene results in graphene acid, a 2D carboxylic acid with pKa of 5.2, showing excellent biocompatibility, conductivity and dispersibility in water and 3D supramolecular assemblies after drying. Further, the carboxyl groups enable simple, tailored and widely accessible 2D chemistry onto graphene, as demonstrated via the covalent conjugation with a diamine, an aminothiol and an aminoalcohol. The developed methodology represents the most controllable, universal and easy to use approach toward a broad set of 2D materials through consequent chemistries on cyanographene and on the prepared carboxy-, amino-, sulphydryl-, and hydroxy- graphenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pykal
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Błoński
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jakubec
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Demetrios D. Chronopoulos
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Poláková
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Klára Čépe
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Tomanec
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Ranc
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Athanasios B. Bourlinos
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Physics
Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 455 00, Greece
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- E-mail:
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- E-mail:
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