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Pereira MVA, Galvani RG, Gonçalves-Silva T, de Vasconcelo ZFM, Bonomo A. Tissue adaptation of CD4 T lymphocytes in homeostasis and cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379376. [PMID: 38690280 PMCID: PMC11058666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system is traditionally classified as a defense system that can discriminate between self and non-self or dangerous and non-dangerous situations, unleashing a tolerogenic reaction or immune response. These activities are mainly coordinated by the interaction between innate and adaptive cells that act together to eliminate harmful stimuli and keep tissue healthy. However, healthy tissue is not always the end point of an immune response. Much evidence has been accumulated over the years, showing that the immune system has complex, diversified, and integrated functions that converge to maintaining tissue homeostasis, even in the absence of aggression, interacting with the tissue cells and allowing the functional maintenance of that tissue. One of the main cells known for their function in helping the immune response through the production of cytokines is CD4+ T lymphocytes. The cytokines produced by the different subtypes act not only on immune cells but also on tissue cells. Considering that tissues have specific mediators in their architecture, it is plausible that the presence and frequency of CD4+ T lymphocytes of specific subtypes (Th1, Th2, Th17, and others) maintain tissue homeostasis. In situations where homeostasis is disrupted, such as infections, allergies, inflammatory processes, and cancer, local CD4+ T lymphocytes respond to this disruption and, as in the healthy tissue, towards the equilibrium of tissue dynamics. CD4+ T lymphocytes can be manipulated by tumor cells to promote tumor development and metastasis, making them a prognostic factor in various types of cancer. Therefore, understanding the function of tissue-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes is essential in developing new strategies for treating tissue-specific diseases, as occurs in cancer. In this context, this article reviews the evidence for this hypothesis regarding the phenotypes and functions of CD4+ T lymphocytes and compares their contribution to maintaining tissue homeostasis in different organs in a steady state and during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V. A. Pereira
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of High Complexity, Fernandes Figueira National Institute for The Health of Mother, Child, and Adolescent, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rômulo G. Galvani
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Triciana Gonçalves-Silva
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging - CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Zilton Farias Meira de Vasconcelo
- Laboratory of High Complexity, Fernandes Figueira National Institute for The Health of Mother, Child, and Adolescent, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bonomo
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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2
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Poveda-Garavito N, Combita AL. Contribution of the TIME in BCP-ALL: the basis for novel approaches therapeutics. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1325255. [PMID: 38299154 PMCID: PMC10827891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1325255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) niche is a microenvironment where both immune and non-immune cells functionally interact with hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and more differentiated progenitors, contributing to the regulation of hematopoiesis. It is regulated by various signaling molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules in its microenvironment. However, despite the strict regulation of BM signals to maintain their steady state, accumulating evidence in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) indicates that leukemic cells can disrupt the physiological hematopoietic niche in the BM, creating a new leukemia-supportive microenvironment. This environment favors immunological evasion mechanisms and the interaction of these cells with the development and progression of BCP-ALL. With a growing understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in the development and progression of BCP-ALL, current strategies focused on "re-editing" TIME to promote antitumor immunity have been developed. In this review, we summarize how TIME cells are disrupted by the presence of leukemic cells, evading immunosurveillance mechanisms in the BCP-ALL model. We also explore the crosstalk between TIME and leukemic cells that leads to treatment resistance, along with the most promising immuno-therapy strategies. Understanding and further research into the role of the BM microenvironment in leukemia progression and relapse are crucial for developing more effective treatments and reducing patient mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Poveda-Garavito
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional en Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alba Lucía Combita
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional en Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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3
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Muthana MM, Du X, Liu M, Wang X, Wu W, Ai C, Su L, Zheng P, Liu Y. CTLA-4 antibody-drug conjugate reveals autologous destruction of B-lymphocytes associated with regulatory T cell impairment. eLife 2023; 12:RP87281. [PMID: 38127423 PMCID: PMC10735222 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline CTLA-4 deficiency causes severe autoimmune diseases characterized by dysregulation of Foxp3+ Tregs, hyper-activation of effector memory T cells, and variable forms autoimmune cytopenia including gradual loss of B cells. Cancer patients with severe immune-related adverse events (irAE) after receiving anti-CTLA-4/PD-1 combination immunotherapy also have markedly reduced peripheral B cells. The immunological basis for B cell loss remains unexplained. Here, we probe the decline of B cells in human CTLA-4 knock-in mice by using anti-human CTLA-4 antibody Ipilimumab conjugated to a drug payload emtansine (Anti-CTLA-4 ADC). The anti-CTLA-4 ADC-treated mice have T cell hyper-proliferation and their differentiation into effector cells which results in B cell depletion. B cell depletion is mediated by both CD4 and CD8 T cells and at least partially rescued by anti-TNF-alpha antibody. These data revealed an unexpected antagonism between T and B cells and the importance of regulatory T cells in preserving B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musleh M Muthana
- Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Xuexiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Xu Wang
- Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Wei Wu
- OncoC4, IncRockvilleUnited States
| | - Chunxia Ai
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Lishan Su
- Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | | | - Yang Liu
- OncoC4, IncRockvilleUnited States
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4
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Muthana MM, Du X, Liu M, Wang X, Wu W, Ai C, Su L, Zheng P, Liu Y. CTLA-4 antibody-drug conjugate reveals autologous destruction of B-lymphocytes associated with regulatory T cell impairment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.01.530608. [PMID: 36909522 PMCID: PMC10002750 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.530608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Germline CTLA-4 deficiency causes severe autoimmune diseases characterized by dysregulation of Foxp3+ Tregs, hyper-activation of effector memory T cells, and variable forms autoimmune cytopenia including gradual loss of B cells. Cancer patients with severe immune-related adverse events (irAE) after receiving anti-CTLA-4/PD-1 combination immunotherapy also have markedly reduced peripheral B cells. The immunological basis for B cell loss remains unexplained. Here we probe the decline of B cells in human CTLA-4 knock-in mice by using antihuman CTLA-4 antibody Ipilimumab conjugated to a drug payload emtansine (Anti-CTLA-4 ADC). The anti-CTLA-4 ADC-treated mice have T cell hyper-proliferation and their differentiation into effector cells which results in B cell depletion. B cell depletion is mediated by both CD4 and CD8 T cells and at least partially rescued by anti-TNF-alpha antibody. These data revealed an unexpected antagonism between T and B cells and the importance of regulatory T cells in preserving B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musleh M. Muthana
- Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xuexiang Du
- Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- OncoC4, Inc.; Rockville, MD 20805, USA
| | - Chunxia Ai
- Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lishan Su
- Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Pan Zheng
- Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- OncoC4, Inc.; Rockville, MD 20805, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- OncoC4, Inc.; Rockville, MD 20805, USA
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5
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Sumii Y, Kondo T, Ikegawa S, Fukumi T, Iwamoto M, Nishimura MF, Sugiura H, Sando Y, Nakamura M, Meguri Y, Matsushita T, Tanimine N, Kimura M, Asada N, Ennishi D, Maeda Y, Matsuoka KI. Hematopoietic stem cell-derived Tregs are essential for maintaining favorable B cell lymphopoiesis following posttransplant cyclophosphamide. JCI Insight 2023; 8:162180. [PMID: 37092551 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is associated with a low incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) following hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. Previous studies have shown the important roles of B cell immunity in cGVHD development. Here, we investigated the long-term reconstitution of B lymphopoiesis after PTCy using murine models. We first demonstrated that the immune homeostatic abnormality leading to cGVHD is characterized by an initial increase in effector T cells in the bone marrow and subsequent B and Treg cytopenia. PTCy, but not cyclosporine A or rapamycin, inhibits the initial alloreactive T cell response, which restores intra-bone marrow B lymphogenesis with a concomitant vigorous increase in Tregs. This leads to profound changes in posttransplant B cell homeostasis, including decreased B cell activating factors, increased transitional and regulatory B cells, and decreased germinal center B cells. To identify the cells responsible for PTCy-induced B cell tolerance, we selectively depleted Treg populations that were graft or HSC derived using DEREG mice. Deletion of either Treg population without PTCy resulted in critical B cytopenia. PTCy rescued B lymphopoiesis from graft-derived Treg deletion. In contrast, the negative effect of HSC-derived Treg deletion could not be overcome by PTCy, indicating that HSC-derived Tregs are essential for maintaining favorable B lymphopoiesis following PTCy. These findings define the mechanisms by which PTCy restores homeostasis of the B cell lineage and reestablishes immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sumii
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine and
| | - Takumi Kondo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine and
| | | | - Takuya Fukumi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine and
| | - Miki Iwamoto
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine and
| | - Midori Filiz Nishimura
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhisa Sando
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine and
| | - Makoto Nakamura
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine and
| | - Yusuke Meguri
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine and
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanimine
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Maiko Kimura
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine and
| | - Noboru Asada
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ennishi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine and
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine and
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6
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Tikka C, Beasley L, Xu C, Yang J, Cooper S, Lechner J, Gutch S, Kaplan MH, Capitano M, Yang K. BATF sustains homeostasis and functionality of bone marrow Treg cells to preserve homeostatic regulation of hematopoiesis and development of B cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1026368. [PMID: 36911703 PMCID: PMC9992736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1026368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow Treg cells (BM Tregs) orchestrate stem cell niches crucial for hematopoiesis. Yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing BM Treg homeostasis and function. Here we report that the transcription factor BATF maintains homeostasis and functionality of BM Tregs to facilitate homeostatic regulation of hematopoiesis and B cell development. Treg-specific ablation of BATF profoundly compromised proportions of BM Tregs associated with reduced expression of Treg effector molecules, including CD44, ICOS, KLRG1, and TIGIT. Moreover, BATF deficiency in Tregs led to increased numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), multipotent progenitors (MPPs), and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs), while reducing the functionality of myeloid progenitors and the generation of common lymphoid progenitors. Furthermore, Tregs lacking BATF failed to support the development of B cells in the BM. Mechanistically, BATF mediated IL-7 signaling to promote expression of effector molecules on BM Tregs and their homeostasis. Our studies reveal a previously unappreciated role for BATF in sustaining BM Treg homeostasis and function to ensure hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeevi Tikka
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lindsay Beasley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Chengxian Xu
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Scott Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Joseph Lechner
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sarah Gutch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Mark H. Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Maegan Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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7
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Chen J, Liu J, Huang H. Lkb1 loss in regulatory T cells leads to dysregulation of hematopoietic stem cell expansion and differentiation in bone marrow. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:270-278. [PMID: 36515008 PMCID: PMC9900093 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor Lkb1 is known to regulate the expression of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), thereby maintaining the levels of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) that play a crucial role in self-tolerance. However, the effect of Lkb1 in Treg on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow (BM) remains obscure. Here, we demonstrated that conditional deletion of Lkb1 in Treg causes loss of Treg in the BM, which leads to failure of HSC homeostasis and the abnormal expansion. Moreover, the loss of BM Treg results in dysregulation of other developing progenitors/stem cell populations, leading to the defective differentiation of T cells and B cells. In addition, HSC from the BM with Treg loss exhibited poor engraftment efficiency, indicating that loss of Treg leads to irreversible impairment of HSC. Collectively, these results demonstrated the essential role of Lkb1 in Treg for maintaining HSC homeostasis and differentiation in mice. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms of HSC regulation and guidance for a strategy to improve the outcomes and reduce complications of HSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Chen
- Clinical LaboratoryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Jingru Liu
- Central LaboratoryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Huifang Huang
- Central LaboratoryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
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8
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Watkins B, Williams KM. Controversies and expectations for the prevention of GVHD: A biological and clinical perspective. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1057694. [PMID: 36505500 PMCID: PMC9726707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1057694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute and chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Historically, cord blood and matched sibling transplantation has been associated with the lowest rates of GVHD. Newer methods have modified the lymphocyte components to minimize alloimmunity, including: anti-thymocyte globulin, post-transplant cyclophosphamide, alpha/beta T cell depletion, and abatacept. These agents have shown promise in reducing severe GVHD, however, can be associated with increased risks of relapse, graft failure, infections, and delayed immune reconstitution. Nonetheless, these GVHD prophylaxis strategies have permitted expansion of donor sources, especially critical for those of non-Caucasian decent who previously lacked transplant options. This review will focus on the biologic mechanisms driving GVHD, the method by which each agent impacts these activated pathways, and the clinical consequences of these modern prophylaxis approaches. In addition, emerging novel targeted strategies will be described. These GVHD prophylaxis approaches have revolutionized our ability to increase access to transplant and have provided important insights into the biology of GVHD and immune reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Watkins
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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9
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Riether C. Regulation of hematopoietic and leukemia stem cells by regulatory T cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1049301. [PMID: 36405718 PMCID: PMC9666425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are maintained in a quiescent state and sustain the continuous production of all types of blood cells. HSCs reside in a specialized microenvironment the so-called HSC niche, which equally promotes HSC self-renewal and differentiation to ensure the integrity of the HSC pool throughout life and to replenish hematopoietic cells after acute injury, infection or anemia. The processes of HSC self-renewal and differentiation are tightly controlled and are in great part regulated through cellular interactions with classical (e.g. mesenchymal stromal cells) and non-classical niche cells (e.g. immune cells). In myeloid leukemia, some of these regulatory mechanisms that evolved to maintain HSCs, to protect them from exhaustion and immune destruction and to minimize the risk of malignant transformation are hijacked/disrupted by leukemia stem cells (LSCs), the malignant counterpart of HSCs, to promote disease progression as well as resistance to therapy and immune control. CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are substantially enriched in the BM compared to other secondary lymphoid organs and are crucially involved in the establishment of an immune privileged niche to maintain HSC quiescence and to protect HSC integrity. In leukemia, Tregs frequencies in the BM even increase. Studies in mice and humans identified the accumulation of Tregs as a major immune-regulatory mechanism. As cure of leukemia implies the elimination of LSCs, the understanding of these immune-regulatory processes may be of particular importance for the development of future treatments of leukemia as targeting major immune escape mechanisms which revolutionized the treatment of solid tumors such as the blockade of the inhibitory checkpoint receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) seems less efficacious in the treatment of leukemia. This review will summarize recent findings on the mechanisms by which Tregs regulate stem cells and adaptive immune cells in the BM during homeostasis and in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Riether
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Carsten Riether,
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10
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Elias S, Sharma R, Schizas M, Valdez I, Rampersaud S, Park SM, Gonzalez-Figueroa P, Li QZ, Hoyos B, Rudensky AY. CXCR4+ Treg cells control serum IgM levels and natural IgM autoantibody production by B-1 cells in the bone marrow. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213268. [PMID: 35670812 PMCID: PMC9178519 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells represent a specialized lineage of suppressive CD4+ T cells whose functionality is critically dependent on their ability to migrate to and dwell in the proximity of cells they control. Here we show that continuous expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in Treg cells is required for their ability to accumulate in the bone marrow (BM). Induced CXCR4 ablation in Treg cells led to their rapid depletion and consequent increase in mature B cells, foremost the B-1 subset, observed exclusively in the BM without detectable changes in plasma cells or hematopoietic stem cells or any signs of systemic or local immune activation elsewhere. Dysregulation of BM B-1 B cells was associated with a highly specific increase in IgM autoantibodies and total serum IgM levels. Thus, Treg cells control autoreactive B-1 B cells in a CXCR4-dependent manner. These findings have significant implications for understanding the regulation of B cell autoreactivity and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Elias
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael Schizas
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Izabella Valdez
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sham Rampersaud
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sun-Mi Park
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Paula Gonzalez-Figueroa
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Microarray and Immune Phenotyping Core Facility, Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Beatrice Hoyos
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alexander Y Rudensky
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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11
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Barakos GP, Hatzimichael E. Microenvironmental Features Driving Immune Evasion in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10020033. [PMID: 35735633 PMCID: PMC9221594 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow, besides the known functions of hematopoiesis, is an active organ of the immune system, functioning as a sanctuary for several mature immune cells. Moreover, evidence suggests that hematopoietic stem cells (the bone marrow’s functional unit) are capable of directly sensing and responding to an array of exogenous stimuli. This chronic immune stimulation is harmful to normal hematopoietic stem cells, while essential for the propagation of myeloid diseases, which show a dysregulated immune microenvironment. The bone marrow microenvironment in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is characterized by chronic inflammatory activity and immune dysfunction, that drive excessive cellular death and through immune evasion assist in cancer cell expansion. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is another example of immune response failure, with features that augment immune evasion and suppression. In this review, we will outline some of the functions of the bone marrow with immunological significance and describe the alterations in the immune landscape of MDS and AML that drive disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Petros Barakos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Piraeus “Tzaneio”, 18536 Piraeus, Greece;
| | - Eleftheria Hatzimichael
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence:
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12
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Hernández-Malmierca P, Vonficht D, Schnell A, Uckelmann HJ, Bollhagen A, Mahmoud MAA, Landua SL, van der Salm E, Trautmann CL, Raffel S, Grünschläger F, Lutz R, Ghosh M, Renders S, Correia N, Donato E, Dixon KO, Hirche C, Andresen C, Robens C, Werner PS, Boch T, Eisel D, Osen W, Pilz F, Przybylla A, Klein C, Buchholz F, Milsom MD, Essers MAG, Eichmüller SB, Hofmann WK, Nowak D, Hübschmann D, Hundemer M, Thiede C, Bullinger L, Müller-Tidow C, Armstrong SA, Trumpp A, Kuchroo VK, Haas S. Antigen presentation safeguards the integrity of the hematopoietic stem cell pool. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:760-775.e10. [PMID: 35523139 PMCID: PMC9202612 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are responsible for the production of blood and immune cells. Throughout life, HSPCs acquire oncogenic aberrations that can cause hematological cancers. Although molecular programs maintaining stem cell integrity have been identified, safety mechanisms eliminating malignant HSPCs from the stem cell pool remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that HSPCs constitutively present antigens via major histocompatibility complex class II. The presentation of immunogenic antigens, as occurring during malignant transformation, triggers bidirectional interactions between HSPCs and antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, causing stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and specific exhaustion of aberrant HSPCs. This immunosurveillance mechanism effectively eliminates transformed HSPCs from the hematopoietic system, thereby preventing leukemia onset. Together, our data reveal a bidirectional interaction between HSPCs and CD4+ T cells, demonstrating that HSPCs are not only passive receivers of immunological signals but also actively engage in adaptive immune responses to safeguard the integrity of the stem cell pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hernández-Malmierca
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Vonficht
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schnell
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hannah J Uckelmann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alina Bollhagen
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohamed A A Mahmoud
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophie-Luise Landua
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elise van der Salm
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine L Trautmann
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Raffel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Grünschläger
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raphael Lutz
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Ghosh
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Renders
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nádia Correia
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisa Donato
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin O Dixon
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Hirche
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Inflammatory Stress in Stem Cells, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Andresen
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Robens
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paula S Werner
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Inflammatory Stress in Stem Cells, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Boch
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - David Eisel
- Research Group GMP & T Cell Therapy, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Osen
- Research Group GMP & T Cell Therapy, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Pilz
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Inflammatory Stress in Stem Cells, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriana Przybylla
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Corinna Klein
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Buchholz
- Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, NCT/UCC Section Medical Systems Biology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael D Milsom
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Experimental Hematology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marieke A G Essers
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Inflammatory Stress in Stem Cells, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan B Eichmüller
- Research Group GMP & T Cell Therapy, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Nowak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Hübschmann
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Computational Oncology, Molecular Precision Oncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Thiede
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Department 1, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Simon Haas
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Mun Y, Fazio S, Arrieta CN. Remodeling of the Bone Marrow Stromal Microenvironment During Pathogenic Infections. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 434:55-81. [PMID: 34850282 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-86016-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is the primary hematopoietic organ and a hub in which organismal demands for blood cellular output are systematically monitored. BM tissues are additionally home to a plethora of mature immune cell types, providing functional environments for the activation of immune responses and acting as preferred anatomical reservoirs for cells involved in immunological memory. Stromal cells of the BM microenvironment crucially govern different aspects of organ function, by structuring tissue microanatomy and by directly providing essential regulatory cues to hematopoietic and immune components in distinct niches. Emerging evidence demonstrates that stromal networks are endowed with remarkable functional and structural plasticity. Stress-induced adaptations of stromal cells translate into demand-driven hematopoiesis. Furthermore, aberrations of stromal integrity arising from pathological conditions critically contribute to the dysregulation of BM function. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the alterations that pathogenic infections and ensuing inflammatory conditions elicit on the global topography of the BM microenvironment, the integrity of anatomical niches and cellular interactions, and ultimately, on the regulatory function of diverse stromal subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- YeVin Mun
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Häldeliweg 4, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Serena Fazio
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Häldeliweg 4, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - César Nombela Arrieta
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Häldeliweg 4, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Soto CA, Lo Celso C, Purton LE, Frisch BJ. From the niche to malignant hematopoiesis and back: reciprocal interactions between leukemia and the bone marrow microenvironment. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10516. [PMID: 34693187 PMCID: PMC8520063 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) regulates hematopoiesis through a complex network of cellular and molecular components. Hematologic malignancies reside within, and extensively interact with, the same BMME. These interactions consequently alter both malignant and benign hematopoiesis in multiple ways, and can encompass initiation of malignancy, support of malignant progression, resistance to chemotherapy, and loss of normal hematopoiesis. Herein, we will review supporting studies for interactions of the BMME with hematologic malignancies and discuss challenges still facing this exciting field of research. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia A. Soto
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Cristina Lo Celso
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Sir Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Louise E. Purton
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's HospitalThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Benjamin J. Frisch
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Center for Musculoskeletal ResearchUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew YorkUSA
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15
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Nicholls J, Cao B, Le Texier L, Xiong LY, Hunter CR, Llanes G, Aguliar EG, Schroder WA, Phipps S, Lynch JP, Cao H, Heazlewood SY, Williams B, Clouston AD, Nefzger CM, Polo JM, Nilsson SK, Blazar BR, MacDonald KPA. Bone Marrow Regulatory T Cells Are a Unique Population, Supported by Niche-Specific Cytokines and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells, and Required for Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease Control. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737880. [PMID: 34631716 PMCID: PMC8493124 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cell (Treg) reconstitution is essential for reestablishing tolerance and maintaining homeostasis following stem-cell transplantation. We previously reported that bone marrow (BM) is highly enriched in autophagy-dependent Treg and autophagy disruption leads to a significant Treg loss, particularly BM-Treg. To correct the known Treg deficiency observed in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) patients, low dose IL-2 infusion has been administered, substantially increasing peripheral Treg (pTreg) numbers. However, as clinical responses were only seen in ∼50% of patients, we postulated that pTreg augmentation was more robust than for BM-Treg. We show that BM-Treg and pTreg have distinct characteristics, indicated by differential transcriptome expression for chemokine receptors, transcription factors, cell cycle control of replication and genes linked to Treg function. Further, BM-Treg were more quiescent, expressed lower FoxP3, were highly enriched for co-inhibitory markers and more profoundly depleted than splenic Treg in cGVHD mice. In vivo our data are consistent with the BM and not splenic microenvironment is, at least in part, driving this BM-Treg signature, as adoptively transferred splenic Treg that entered the BM niche acquired a BM-Treg phenotype. Analyses identified upregulated expression of IL-9R, IL-33R, and IL-7R in BM-Treg. Administration of the T cell produced cytokine IL-2 was required by splenic Treg expansion but had no impact on BM-Treg, whereas the converse was true for IL-9 administration. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) within the BM also may contribute to BM-Treg maintenance. Using pDC-specific BDCA2-DTR mice in which diptheria toxin administration results in global pDC depletion, we demonstrate that pDC depletion hampers BM, but not splenic, Treg homeostasis. Together, these data provide evidence that BM-Treg and splenic Treg are phenotypically and functionally distinct and influenced by niche-specific mediators that selectively support their respective Treg populations. The unique properties of BM-Treg should be considered for new therapies to reconstitute Treg and reestablish tolerance following SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Nicholls
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Benjamin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laetitia Le Texier
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura Yan Xiong
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher R. Hunter
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Genesis Llanes
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ethan G. Aguliar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Wayne A. Schroder
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason P. Lynch
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Huimin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shen Y. Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brenda Williams
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Christian M. Nefzger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose M. Polo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan K. Nilsson
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kelli P. A. MacDonald
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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16
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Liu G, Liu M, Wang J, Mou Y, Che H. The Role of Regulatory T Cells in Epicutaneous Immunotherapy for Food Allergy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:660974. [PMID: 34305893 PMCID: PMC8297384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, a rapid increase in the prevalence of food allergies has led to extensive research on novel treatment strategies and their mechanisms. Mouse models have provided preliminary insights into the mechanism of epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT)-induced immune tolerance. In EPIT, antigen applied on the skin surface can be captured, processed, and presented in the lymph nodes (LNs) by Antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In the LNs, induction of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) requires both direct contact during antigen presentation and indirect mechanisms such as cytokines. Foxp3+CD62L+ Treg cells can exhibit the characteristics of hypomethylation of Foxp3 TSDR and Foxp3-LAP+ Treg cells, which increase the expression of surface tissue-specific homing molecules to exert further sustained systemic immune tolerance. Studies have shown that EPIT is a potential treatment for food allergies and can effectively induce immune tolerance, but its mechanism needs further exploration. Here, we review Treg cells' role in immune tolerance induced by EPIT and provide a theoretical basis for future research directions, such as the mechanism of EPIT and the development of more effective EPIT treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Huilian Che
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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The Bone Marrow as Sanctuary for Plasma Cells and Memory T-Cells: Implications for Adaptive Immunity and Vaccinology. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061508. [PMID: 34203839 PMCID: PMC8232593 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is key to protective immunological memory because it harbors a major fraction of the body’s plasma cells, memory CD4+ and memory CD8+ T-cells. Despite its paramount significance for the human immune system, many aspects of how the BM enables decade-long immunity against pathogens are still poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the relationship between BM survival niches and long-lasting humoral immunity, how intrinsic and extrinsic factors define memory cell longevity and show that the BM is also capable of adopting many responsibilities of a secondary lymphoid organ. Additionally, with more and more data on the differentiation and maintenance of memory T-cells and plasma cells upon vaccination in humans being reported, we discuss what factors determine the establishment of long-lasting immunological memory in the BM and what we can learn for vaccination technologies and antigen design. Finally, using these insights, we touch on how this holistic understanding of the BM is necessary for the development of modern and efficient vaccines against the pandemic SARS-CoV-2.
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18
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Diversity, localization, and (patho)physiology of mature lymphocyte populations in the bone marrow. Blood 2021; 137:3015-3026. [PMID: 33684935 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is responsible for generating and maintaining lifelong output of blood and immune cells. In addition to its key hematopoietic function, the BM acts as an important lymphoid organ, hosting a large variety of mature lymphocyte populations, including B cells, T cells, natural killer T cells, and innate lymphoid cells. Many of these cell types are thought to visit the BM only transiently, but for others, like plasma cells and memory T cells, the BM provides supportive niches that promote their long-term survival. Interestingly, accumulating evidence points toward an important role for mature lymphocytes in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoiesis in health and disease. In this review, we describe the diversity, migration, localization, and function of mature lymphocyte populations in murine and human BM, focusing on their role in immunity and hematopoiesis. We also address how various BM lymphocyte subsets contribute to the development of aplastic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia, illustrating the complexity of these BM disorders and the underlying similarities and differences in their disease pathophysiology. Finally, we summarize the interactions between mature lymphocytes and BM resident cells in HSC transplantation and graft-versus-host disease. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which mature lymphocyte populations regulate BM function will likely improve future therapies for patients with benign and malignant hematologic disorders.
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19
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Bassani B, Tripodo C, Portararo P, Gulino A, Botti L, Chiodoni C, Jachetti E, Bolli N, Ciciarello M, Joehrens K, Anagnostopoulos I, Na IK, Curti A, Colombo MP, Sangaletti S. CD40 Activity on Mesenchymal Cells Negatively Regulates OX40L to Maintain Bone Marrow Immune Homeostasis Under Stress Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662048. [PMID: 34084166 PMCID: PMC8168593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Within the bone marrow (BM), mature T cells are maintained under homeostatic conditions to facilitate proper hematopoietic development. This homeostasis depends upon a peculiar elevated frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and immune regulatory activities from BM-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). In response to BM transplantation (BMT), the conditioning regimen exposes the BM to a dramatic induction of inflammatory cytokines and causes an unbalanced T-effector (Teff) and Treg ratio. This imbalance negatively impacts hematopoiesis, particularly in regard to B-cell lymphopoiesis that requires an intact cross-talk between BM-MSCs and Tregs. The mechanisms underlying the ability of BM-MSCs to restore Treg homeostasis and proper B-cell development are currently unknown. Methods We studied the role of host radio-resistant cell-derived CD40 in restoring Teff/Treg homeostasis and proper B-cell development in a murine model of BMT. We characterized the host cellular source of CD40 and performed radiation chimera analyses by transplanting WT or Cd40-KO with WT BM in the presence of T-reg and co-infusing WT or - Cd40-KO BM-MSCs. Residual host and donor T cell expansion and activation (cytokine production) and also the expression of Treg fitness markers and conversion to Th17 were analyzed. The presence of Cd40+ BM-MSCs was analyzed in a human setting in correlation with the frequency of B-cell precursors in patients who underwent HSCT and variably developed acute graft-versus-host (aGVDH) disease. Results CD40 expression is nearly undetectable in the BM, yet a Cd40-KO recipient of WT donor chimera exhibited impaired B-cell lymphopoiesis and Treg development. Lethal irradiation promotes CD40 and OX40L expression in radio-resistant BM-MSCs through the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. OX40L favors Teff expansion and activation at the expense of Tregs; however, the expression of CD40 dampens OX40L expression and restores Treg homeostasis, thus facilitating proper B-cell development. Indeed, in contrast to dendritic cells in secondary lymphoid organs that require CD40 triggers to express OX40L, BM-MSCs require CD40 to inhibit OX40L expression. Conclusions CD40+ BM-MSCs are immune regulatory elements within BM. Loss of CD40 results in uncontrolled T cell activation due to a reduced number of Tregs, and B-cell development is consequently impaired. GVHD provides an example of how a loss of CD40+ BM-MSCs and a reduction in B-cell precursors may occur in a human setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bassani
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Portararo
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Botti
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Chiodoni
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marilena Ciciarello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Korinna Joehrens
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Il-Kang Na
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Curti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Sangaletti
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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20
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Exploiting a New Approach to Destroy the Barrier of Tumor Microenvironment: Nano-Architecture Delivery Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092703. [PMID: 34062992 PMCID: PMC8125456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence, proliferation, and metastasis of tumors. Different from normal tissue, the condition around tumor significantly altered, including immune infiltration, compact extracellular matrix, new vasculatures, abundant enzyme, acidic pH value, and hypoxia. Increasingly, researchers focused on targeting TME to prevent tumor development and metastasis. With the development of nanotechnology and the deep research on the tumor environment, stimulation-responsive intelligent nanostructures designed based on TME have attracted much attention in the anti-tumor drug delivery system. TME-targeted nano therapeutics can regulate the distribution of drugs in the body, specifically increase the concentration of drugs in the tumor site, so as to enhance the efficacy and reduce adverse reactions, can utilize particular conditions of TME to improve the effect of tumor therapy. This paper summarizes the major components and characteristics of TME, discusses the principles and strategies of relevant nano-architectures targeting TME for the treatment and diagnosis systematically.
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21
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Sugiura H, Matsuoka KI, Fukumi T, Sumii Y, Kondo T, Ikegawa S, Meguri Y, Iwamoto M, Sando Y, Nakamura M, Toji T, Ishii Y, Maeda Y. Donor Treg expansion by liposomal α-galactosylceramide modulates Tfh cells and prevents sclerodermatous chronic graft-versus-host disease. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:721-733. [PMID: 33942544 PMCID: PMC8342231 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD) is a major cause of nonrelapse morbidity and mortality following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). α‐Galactosylceramide (α‐GC) is a synthetic glycolipid that is recognized by the invariant T‐cell receptor of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in a CD1d‐restricted manner. Stimulation of iNKT cells by α‐GC leads to the production of not only immune‐stimulatory cytokines but also immune‐regulatory cytokines followed by regulatory T‐cell (Treg) expansion in vivo. Methods We investigated the effect of iNKT stimulation by liposomal α‐GC just after transplant on the subsequent immune reconstitution and the development of sclerodermatous cGVHD. Results Our study showed that multiple administrations of liposomal α‐GC modulated both host‐ and donor‐derived iNKT cell homeostasis and induced an early expansion of donor Tregs. We also demonstrated that the immune modulation of the acute phase was followed by the decreased levels of CXCL13 in plasma and follicular helper T cells in lymph nodes, which inhibited germinal center formation, resulting in the efficient prevention of sclerodermatous cGVHD. Conclusions These data demonstrated an important coordination of T‐ and B‐cell immunity in the pathogenesis of cGVHD and may provide a novel clinical strategy for the induction of immune tolerance after allogeneic HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sugiura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Fukumi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sumii
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takumi Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ikegawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Meguri
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Miki Iwamoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Sando
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakamura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Toji
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ishii
- REGiMMUNE Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunological Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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22
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Hamada S, Uehara T, Miyamoto J, Kiyuna S, Oshiro T, Yagi T, Kurokawa S, Hyakuna N, Nakanishi K. Domino donor lymphocyte infusion for secondary poor graft function after HLA-mismatched allogeneic stem cell transplantation between HLA-identical sibling pairs with congenital immunodeficiency. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e28851. [PMID: 33449417 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Taichi Uehara
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Jiro Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shinobu Kiyuna
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tokiko Oshiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shingo Kurokawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hyakuna
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakanishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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23
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Zhu G, Zhang T, Chen M, Yao K, Huang X, Zhang B, Li Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Zhao Z. Bone physiological microenvironment and healing mechanism: Basis for future bone-tissue engineering scaffolds. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4110-4140. [PMID: 33997497 PMCID: PMC8091181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-tissue defects affect millions of people worldwide. Despite being common treatment approaches, autologous and allogeneic bone grafting have not achieved the ideal therapeutic effect. This has prompted researchers to explore novel bone-regeneration methods. In recent decades, the development of bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds has been leading the forefront of this field. As researchers have provided deep insights into bone physiology and the bone-healing mechanism, various biomimicking and bioinspired BTE scaffolds have been reported. Now it is necessary to review the progress of natural bone physiology and bone healing mechanism, which will provide more valuable enlightenments for researchers in this field. This work details the physiological microenvironment of the natural bone tissue, bone-healing process, and various biomolecules involved therein. Next, according to the bone physiological microenvironment and the delivery of bioactive factors based on the bone-healing mechanism, it elaborates the biomimetic design of a scaffold, highlighting the designing of BTE scaffolds according to bone biology and providing the rationale for designing next-generation BTE scaffolds that conform to natural bone healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Ke Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Xinqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yazhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
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24
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Hirai T, Ramos TL, Lin PY, Simonetta F, Su LL, Picton LK, Baker J, Lin JX, Li P, Seo K, Lohmeyer JK, Bolivar-Wagers S, Mavers M, Leonard WJ, Blazar BR, Garcia KC, Negrin RS. Selective expansion of regulatory T cells using an orthogonal IL-2/IL-2 receptor system facilitates transplantation tolerance. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:139991. [PMID: 33855972 DOI: 10.1172/jci139991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of Tregs has been shown to improve alloengraftment in animal models. However, it is technically challenging to expand Tregs ex vivo for the purpose of infusing large numbers of cells in the clinic. We demonstrate an innovative approach to engineering an orthogonal IL-2/IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) pair, the parts of which selectively interact with each other, transmitting native IL-2 signals, but do not interact with the natural IL-2 or IL-2R counterparts, thereby enabling selective stimulation of target cells in vivo. Here, we introduced this orthogonal IL-2R into Tregs. Upon adoptive transfer in a murine mixed hematopoietic chimerism model, orthogonal IL-2 injection significantly promoted orthogonal IL-2R+Foxp3GFP+CD4+ cell proliferation without increasing other T cell subsets and facilitated donor hematopoietic cell engraftment followed by acceptance of heart allografts. Our data indicate that selective target cell stimulation enabled by the engineered orthogonal cytokine receptor improves Treg potential for the induction of organ transplantation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihito Hirai
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teresa L Ramos
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Po-Yu Lin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Leon L Su
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lora K Picton
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jeanette Baker
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jian-Xin Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kinya Seo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Juliane K Lohmeyer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sara Bolivar-Wagers
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melissa Mavers
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Robert S Negrin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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25
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Williams KM, Inamoto Y, Im A, Hamilton B, Koreth J, Arora M, Pusic I, Mays JW, Carpenter PA, Luznik L, Reddy P, Ritz J, Greinix H, Paczesny S, Blazar BR, Pidala J, Cutler C, Wolff D, Schultz KR, Pavletic SZ, Lee SJ, Martin PJ, Socie G, Sarantopoulos S. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease: I. The 2020 Etiology and Prevention Working Group Report. Transplant Cell Ther 2021; 27:452-466. [PMID: 33877965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preventing chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains challenging because the unique cellular and molecular pathways that incite chronic GVHD are poorly understood. One major point of intervention for potential prevention of chronic GVHD occurs at the time of transplantation when acute donor anti-recipient immune responses first set the events in motion that result in chronic GVHD. After transplantation, additional insults causing tissue injury can incite aberrant immune responses and loss of tolerance, further contributing to chronic GVHD. Points of intervention are actively being identified so that chronic GVHD initiation pathways can be targeted without affecting immune function. The major objective in the field is to continue basic studies and to translate what is learned about etiopathology to develop targeted prevention strategies that decrease the risk of morbid chronic GVHD without increasing the risks of cancer relapse or infection. Development of strategies to predict the risk of developing debilitating or deadly chronic GVHD is a high research priority. This working group recommends further interrogation into the mechanisms underpinning chronic GVHD development, and we highlight considerations for future trial design in prevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Williams
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yoshihiro Inamoto
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Annie Im
- Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Betty Hamilton
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John Koreth
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mukta Arora
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Iskra Pusic
- BMT and Leukemia Section, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jacqueline W Mays
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul A Carpenter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Leo Luznik
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pavan Reddy
- Divsion of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hildegard Greinix
- Clinical Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Joseph Pidala
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Immunotherapy, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Corey Cutler
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Wolff
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kirk R Schultz
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven Z Pavletic
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephanie J Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paul J Martin
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gerard Socie
- Hematology Transplantation, Saint Louis Hospital, AP-HP, and University of Paris, INSERM U976, Paris, France.
| | - Stefanie Sarantopoulos
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
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26
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Han H, Yan H, King KY. Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics Deplete Bone Marrow Regulatory T Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020277. [PMID: 33573218 PMCID: PMC7911786 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow suppression, including neutropenia, is a major adverse effect of prolonged antibiotic use that impairs the clinical care and outcomes of patients with serious infections. The mechanisms underlying antibiotic-mediated bone marrow suppression remain poorly understood, with initial evidence indicating that depletion of the intestinal microbiota is an important factor. Based on our earlier studies of blood and bone marrow changes in a mouse model of prolonged antibiotic administration, we studied whether changes in megakaryocytes or regulatory T cells (Tregs), two cell types that are critical in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells, contribute to antibiotic-mediated bone marrow suppression. Despite increased platelet numbers, megakaryocytes were unchanged in the bone marrow of antibiotic-treated mice; however, Tregs were found to be significantly depleted. Exogenous addition of Tregs was insufficient to rescue the function of bone marrow from antibiotic-treated mice in both colony formation and transplantation assays. These findings indicate that the intestinal microbiota support normal Treg development to protect healthy hematopoiesis, but that the restoration of Tregs alone is insufficient to restore normal bone marrow function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojeong Han
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Hannah Yan
- Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Katherine Y. King
- Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-83-(28)-244330
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27
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Man Y, Yao X, Yang T, Wang Y. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche During Homeostasis, Malignancy, and Bone Marrow Transplantation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:621214. [PMID: 33553181 PMCID: PMC7862549 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.621214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are strictly regulated by numerous cellular components and cytokines in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Several cell types that regulate HSC niche have been identified, including both non-hematopoietic cells and HSC-derived cells. Specific changes in the niche composition can result in hematological malignancies. Furthermore, processes such as homing, proliferation, and differentiation of HSCs are strongly controlled by the BM niche and have been reported to be related to the success of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Single-cell sequencing and in vivo imaging are powerful techniques to study BM microenvironment in hematological malignancies and after HSCT. In this review, we discuss how different components of the BM niche, particularly non-hematopoietic and hematopoietic cells, regulate normal hematopoiesis, and changes in the BM niche in leukemia and after HSCT. We believe that this comprehensive review will provide clues for further research on improving HSCT efficiency and exploring potential therapeutic targets for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Man
- Department of Hematology, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangmei Yao
- Department of Hematology, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tonghua Yang
- Department of Hematology, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Hematology, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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28
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Delahaye MC, Salem KI, Pelletier J, Aurrand-Lions M, Mancini SJC. Toward Therapeutic Targeting of Bone Marrow Leukemic Niche Protective Signals in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 10:606540. [PMID: 33489914 PMCID: PMC7820772 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) represents the malignant counterpart of bone marrow (BM) differentiating B cells and occurs most frequently in children. While new combinations of chemotherapeutic agents have dramatically improved the prognosis for young patients, disease outcome remains poor after relapse or in adult patients. This is likely due to heterogeneity of B-ALL response to treatment which relies not only on intrinsic properties of leukemic cells, but also on extrinsic protective cues transmitted by the tumor cell microenvironment. Alternatively, leukemic cells have the capacity to shape their microenvironment towards their needs. Most knowledge on the role of protective niches has emerged from the identification of mesenchymal and endothelial cells controlling hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal or B cell differentiation. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about B-ALL protective niches and the development of therapies targeting the crosstalk between leukemic cells and their microenvironment.
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29
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Alvarez M, Pierini A, Simonetta F, Baker J, Maas-Bauer K, Hirai T, Negrin RS. Infusion of Host-Derived Unlicensed NK Cells Improves Donor Engraftment in Non-Myeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 11:614250. [PMID: 33488624 PMCID: PMC7817981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is an efficacious and frequently the only treatment option for some hematological malignances. However, it often faces severe morbidities and/or mortalities due to graft versus host disease, and the severity of the conditioning regiment needed, that result in toxicity-related issues poorly tolerable for some patients. These shortcomings have led to the development of less aggressive alternatives like non-myeloablative (NMAC) or reduced-intensity conditioning regiments (RIC). However, these approaches tend to have an increase of cancer relapse and limited persistence of donor-specific chimerism. Thus, strategies that lead towards an accelerated and more durable donor engraftment are still needed. Here, we took advantage of the ability of host-derived unlicensed NK (UnLicNK) cells to favor donor cell engraftment during myeloablative allo-HCT, and evaluated if the adoptive transfer of this cell type can improve donor chimerism in NAMC settings. Indeed, the infusion of these cells significantly increased mixed chimerism in a sublethal allo-HCT mouse model, resulting in a more sustainable donor cell engraftment when compared to the administration of licensed NK cells or HCT controls. We observed an overall increase in the total number and proportion of donor B, NK and myeloid cells after UnLicNK cell infusion. Additionally, the extension and durability of donor chimerism was similar to the one obtained after the tolerogenic Tregs infusion. These results serve as the needed bases for the implementation of the adoptive transfer of UnLicNK cells to upgrade NMAC protocols and enhance allogeneic engraftment during HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Alvarez
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy Department, Center for Applied Medical research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Pierini
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jeanette Baker
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kristina Maas-Bauer
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Toshihito Hirai
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Robert S Negrin
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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30
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Yin F, Qian H, Duan C, Ning B. The bone marrow niche components are adversely affected in sepsis. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2020; 1:10. [PMID: 35006437 PMCID: PMC8607421 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-020-00010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple organ dysfunction is an important cause of death in patients with sepsis. Currently, few studies have focused on the impact of sepsis on bone marrow (BM), especially on the cell components of BM niche. In this study, we performed mouse sepsis models by intraperitoneal injection of LPS and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The changes of niche major components in the mouse BM among vascular structures, mesenchymal stem cells and Treg cells were observed and analyzed. The results showed that pathological changes in BM was earlier and more prominent than in other organs, and various cell components of the BM niche changed significantly, of which vascular endothelial cells increased transiently with vascular remodeling and the regulatory T cells decreased over a long period of time. These results indicated that the components of the BM niche underwent series of adaptive changes in sepsis.
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31
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Zhang L, Mack R, Breslin P, Zhang J. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of aging in hematopoietic stem cells and their niches. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:157. [PMID: 33228751 PMCID: PMC7686726 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging drives the genetic and epigenetic changes that result in a decline in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functioning. Such changes lead to aging-related hematopoietic/immune impairments and hematopoietic disorders. Understanding how such changes are initiated and how they progress will help in the development of medications that could improve the quality life for the elderly and to treat and possibly prevent aging-related hematopoietic diseases. Here, we review the most recent advances in research into HSC aging and discuss the role of HSC-intrinsic events, as well as those that relate to the aging bone marrow niche microenvironment in the overall processes of HSC aging. In addition, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which HSC aging is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Ryan Mack
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Peter Breslin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Departments of Molecular/Cellular Physiology and Department of Biology, Loyola University Medical Center and Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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32
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Camacho V, Matkins VR, Patel SB, Lever JM, Yang Z, Ying L, Landuyt AE, Dean EC, George JF, Yang H, Ferrell PB, Maynard CL, Weaver CT, Turnquist HR, Welner RS. Bone marrow Tregs mediate stromal cell function and support hematopoiesis via IL-10. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135681. [PMID: 33208555 PMCID: PMC7710301 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonimmune roles of Tregs have been described in various tissues, including the BM. In this study, we comprehensively phenotyped marrow Tregs, elucidating their key features and tissue-specific functions. We show that marrow Tregs are migratory and home back to the marrow. For trafficking, marrow Tregs use S1P gradients, and disruption of this axis allows for specific targeting of the marrow Treg pool. Following Treg depletion, the function and phenotype of both mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was impaired. Transplantation also revealed that a Treg-depleted niche has a reduced capacity to support hematopoiesis. Finally, we found that marrow Tregs are high producers of IL-10 and that Treg-secreted IL-10 has direct effects on MSC function. This is the first report to our knowledge revealing that Treg-secreted IL-10 is necessary for stromal cell maintenance, and our work outlines an alternative mechanism by which this cytokine regulates hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeremie M. Lever
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Zhengqin Yang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Li Ying
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore & Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ashley E. Landuyt
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Emma C. Dean
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James F. George
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore & Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Brent Ferrell
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Craig L. Maynard
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Casey T. Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Heth R. Turnquist
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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33
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Fan D, Zeng C, Wang S, Han J, Zhu L, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Lu J, Xu Y. Forkhead box P3 promotes breast cancer cell apoptosis by regulating programmed cell death 4 expression. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:292. [PMID: 33101486 PMCID: PMC7576988 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), an X-linked tumor suppressor gene, plays an important role in breast cancer. However, the biological functions of FOXP3 in breast cancer apoptosis remain unclear. To investigate the underlying genes and networks regulated by FOXP3 in breast cancer, RNA sequencing was performed to compare FOXP3-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells and control MDA-MB-231 cells. Differentially expressed genes were identified, and functional enrichment analysis comparing the two groups was performed. The differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in phagosomes, oxytocin, serotonergic synapses and the phospholipase D signaling pathway. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis revealed the enrichment of a gene signature associated with apoptosis in FOXP3-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells compared with wild-type cells. Further analysis showed that programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), a key molecule involved in apoptosis, was overexpressed in FOXP3-MDA-MB-231 cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting showed that FOXP3 upregulated the expression of PDCD4 in breast cancer cells. Clinical sample analysis using a public database showed that the expression level of PDCD4 was associated with breast cancer clinical stages. Overall, the present study suggested that FOXP3 can promote the apoptosis of breast cancer cells by upregulating the expression of PDCD4, thus exerting a tumor suppressive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chinese Materia Medical and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Central Theater Command Air Force Hospital, Datong, Shaanxi 037000, P.R. China
| | - Shuming Wang
- Outpatient Department of Rocket Engineering University, The 986th Hospital of Air Force, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Jun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Liaoliao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Huadong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Yingqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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34
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Koo J, Giller RH, Quinones R, McKinney CM, Verneris MR, Knight-Perry J. Autoimmune cytopenias following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant in pediatric patients: Response to therapy and late effects. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28591. [PMID: 32658382 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune cytopenias (AICs) are rare, but serious complications of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). PROCEDURE We performed a case-control study using 20 pediatric AIC cases and 40 controls, matched by stem cell source and primary indication comparing clinical and transplant characteristics, treatment, outcomes, and late effects. RESULTS Cases were more likely to be human leukocyte antigen mismatched (P = 0.04). There was no difference in conditioning regimen, serotherapy use, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, incidence of acute or chronic GVHD, ABO compatibility, infections, and donor engraftment. The median time to AIC onset was 219 days (range, 97-1205 days) and AIC resolution was 365 days (range, 10 days to 2737.5 days). First-line therapies for AIC patients most commonly included corticosteroids (75%) and rituximab (55%). Only 25% of patients responded to first-line treatment. At a median of 611.5 days from last rituximab dose, 82.5% patients were still receiving intravenous immune globulin for hypogammaglobulinemia compared with 2.5% of controls (P < 0.0001). Iron overload was higher in AIC patients (P = 0.0004), as was avascular necrosis (P = 0.04). There was no difference in overall survival at one year after HSCT (85% vs 82.5%). Two patients with refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia responded to daratumumab and had resolution of B-cell aplasia. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we find poor initial responses to AIC-directed therapies and significant late effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Koo
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Roger H Giller
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Ralph Quinones
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Christopher M McKinney
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Michael R Verneris
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Jessica Knight-Perry
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
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35
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Peligero-Cruz C, Givony T, Sebé-Pedrós A, Dobeš J, Kadouri N, Nevo S, Roncato F, Alon R, Goldfarb Y, Abramson J. IL18 signaling promotes homing of mature Tregs into the thymus. eLife 2020; 9:e58213. [PMID: 32687059 PMCID: PMC7371425 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are potent suppressor cells, essential for the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Most Tregs develop in the thymus and are then released into the immune periphery. However, some Tregs populate the thymus and constitute a major subset of yet poorly understood cells. Here we describe a subset of thymus recirculating IL18R+ Tregs with molecular characteristics highly reminiscent of tissue-resident effector Tregs. Moreover, we show that IL18R+ Tregs are endowed with higher capacity to populate the thymus than their IL18R- or IL18R-/- counterparts, highlighting the key role of IL18R in this process. Finally, we demonstrate that IL18 signaling is critical for the induction of the key thymus-homing chemokine receptor - CCR6 on Tregs. Collectively, this study provides a detailed characterization of the mature Treg subsets in the mouse thymus and identifies a key role of IL18 signaling in controlling the CCR6-CCL20-dependent migration of Tregs into the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tal Givony
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Arnau Sebé-Pedrós
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Jan Dobeš
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Noam Kadouri
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Shir Nevo
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Francesco Roncato
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Yael Goldfarb
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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36
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Fung TH, Yang KY, Lui KO. An emerging role of regulatory T-cells in cardiovascular repair and regeneration. Theranostics 2020; 10:8924-8938. [PMID: 32802172 PMCID: PMC7415793 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that immune cells play an important role in the regulation of tissue repair and regeneration. After injury, danger signals released by the damaged tissue trigger the initial pro-inflammatory phase essential for removing pathogens or cellular debris that is later replaced by the anti-inflammatory phase responsible for tissue healing. On the other hand, impaired immune regulation can lead to excessive scarring and fibrosis that could be detrimental for the restoration of organ function. Regulatory T-cells (Treg) have been revealed as the master regulator of the immune system that have both the immune and regenerative functions. In this review, we will summarize their immune role in the induction and maintenance of self-tolerance; as well as their regenerative role in directing tissue specific response for repair and regeneration. The latter is clearly demonstrated when Treg enhance the differentiation of stem or progenitor cells such as satellite cells to replace the damaged skeletal muscle, as well as the proliferation of parenchymal cells including neonatal cardiomyocytes for functional regeneration. Moreover, we will also discuss the reparative and regenerative role of Treg with a particular focus on blood vessels and cardiac tissues. Last but not least, we will describe the ongoing clinical trials with Treg in the treatment of autoimmune diseases that could give clinically relevant insights into the development of Treg therapy targeting tissue repair and regeneration.
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37
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Patwardhan RS, Singh B, Pal D, Checker R, Bandekar M, Sharma D, Sandur SK. Redox regulation of regulatory T-cell differentiation and functions. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:947-960. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1745202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra S. Patwardhan
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Babita Singh
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Debojyoti Pal
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Checker
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Mayuri Bandekar
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh K. Sandur
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
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38
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Wang H, Lu CH, Ho PC. Metabolic adaptation orchestrates tissue context-dependent behavior in regulatory T cells. Immunol Rev 2020; 295:126-139. [PMID: 32147869 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The diverse distribution and functions of regulatory T cells (Tregs) ensure tissue and immune homeostasis; however, it remains unclear which factors can guide distribution, local differentiation, and tissue context-specific behavior in Tregs. Although the emerging concept that Tregs could re-adjust their transcriptome based on their habitations is supported by recent findings, the underlying mechanisms that reprogram transcriptome in Tregs are unknown. In the past decade, metabolic machineries have been revealed as a new regulatory circuit, known as immunometabolic regulation, to orchestrate activation, differentiation, and functions in a variety of immune cells, including Tregs. Given that systemic and local alterations of nutrient availability and metabolite profile associate with perturbation of Treg abundance and functions, it highlights that immunometabolic regulation may be one of the mechanisms that orchestrate tissue context-specific regulation in Tregs. The understanding on how metabolic program instructs Tregs in peripheral tissues not only represents a critical opportunity to delineate a new avenue in Treg biology but also provides a unique window to harness Treg-targeting approaches for treating cancer and autoimmunity with minimizing side effects. This review will highlight the metabolic features on guiding Treg formation and function in a disease-oriented perspective and aim to pave the foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Wang
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Chun-Hao Lu
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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39
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Zheng Y, Lu Y, Huang X, Han L, Chen Z, Zhou B, Ma Y, Xie G, Yang J, Bian B, Li L, Nie H, Pan X, Shen L. BACH2 regulates the function of human CD4
+
CD45RA
−
Foxp3
l
° cytokine‐secreting T cells and promotes B‐cell response in systemic lupus erythematosus. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:426-438. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxia Zheng
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yiwen Lu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xinfang Huang
- Department of NephrologyXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zheyi Chen
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Bingqian Zhou
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yanhui Ma
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Junyao Yang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Bingxian Bian
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Hong Nie
- Shanghai Institute of ImmunologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xiujun Pan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Lisong Shen
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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40
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Mancusi A, Piccinelli S, Velardi A, Pierini A. CD4 +FOXP3 + Regulatory T Cell Therapies in HLA Haploidentical Hematopoietic Transplantation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2901. [PMID: 31921162 PMCID: PMC6927932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) represented a promising tool to induce tolerance in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Preclinical models proved that adoptive transfer of Tregs or the use of compounds that can favor their function in vivo are effective for prevention and treatment of graft-vs.-host disease (GvHD). Following these findings, Treg-based therapies have been employed in clinical trials. Adoptive immunotherapy with Tregs effectively prevents GvHD induced by alloreactive T cells in the setting of one HLA haplotype mismatched hematopoietic transplantation. The absence of post transplant pharmacologic immunosuppression unleashes T-cell mediated graft-vs.-tumor (GvT) effect, which results in an unprecedented, almost complete control of leukemia relapse in this setting. In the present review, we will report preclinical studies and clinical trials that demonstrate Treg ability to promote donor engraftment, protect from GvHD and improve GvT effect. We will also discuss new strategies to further enhance in vivo efficacy of Treg-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Mancusi
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Piccinelli
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Velardi
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Pierini
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Pierini A, Ruggeri L, Mancusi A, Carotti A, Falzetti F, Terenzi A, Martelli MF, Velardi A. T cell depletion and no post transplant immune suppression allow separation of graft versus leukemia from graft versus host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 2019; 54:775-779. [DOI: 10.1038/s41409-019-0597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mancusi A, Alvarez M, Piccinelli S, Velardi A, Pierini A. TNFR2 signaling modulates immunity after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 47:54-61. [PMID: 31122819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) signaling through TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) plays a complex immune regulatory role in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). TNF-α is rapidly released in the circulation after the conditioning regimen with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. It activates the function of donor alloreactive T cells and donor Natural Killer cells and promotes graft versus tumor effects. However, donor alloreactive T cells also attack host tissues and cause graft versus host disease (GVHD), a life-threatening complication of HCT. Indeed, anti-TNF-α therapy has been used to treat steroid-refractory GVHD. Recent studies have highlighted another role for TNFR2 signaling, as it enhances the function of immune cells with suppressive properties, in particular CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Various clinical trials are employing Treg-based treatments to prevent or treat GVHD. The present review will discuss the effects of TNFR2 signaling in the setting of allogeneic HCT, the implications for the use of anti-TNF-α therapy to treat GVHD and the clinical perspectives of strategies that specifically target this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Mancusi
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Maite Alvarez
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Piccinelli
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Andrea Velardi
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Antonio Pierini
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.
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Sakamoto T, Obara N, Nishikii H, Kato T, Cao-Sy L, Fujimura R, Yagita H, Sakata-Yanagimoto M, Takahashi S, Chiba S. Notch Signaling in Nestin-Expressing Cells in the Bone Marrow Maintains Erythropoiesis via Macrophage Integrity. Stem Cells 2019; 37:924-936. [PMID: 30932281 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling plays pivotal roles in both hematopoietic stem/progenitor and their niche cells. Myeloproliferative phenotypes are induced by disruption of Notch signaling in nonhematopoietic bone marrow (BM) cells. Nestin-expressing cells in the BM reportedly represent a component of the hematopoietic stem cell niche. We established mice in which rare Nestin-expressing cells in the BM were marked by green fluorescent protein, and Notch signaling was conditionally disrupted in these cells specifically. We observed impairment of erythropoiesis in the BM accompanying splenomegaly with BM hematopoietic programs in other lineages undisturbed. Transplantation experiments revealed that the microenvironmental rather than the hematopoietic cells were attributable to these phenotypes. We further found that the erythroid-island-forming ability of BM central macrophages was compromised along with the transcriptional upregulation of interleukin-6. Various Inflammatory conditions hamper BM erythropoiesis, which often accompanies extramedullary hematopoiesis. The mouse model demonstrated here may be of relevance to this common pathophysiologic condition. Stem Cells 2019;37:924-936.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoshi Obara
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishikii
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takayasu Kato
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Luan Cao-Sy
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fujimura
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Chiba
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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CD4 + TSCMs in the Bone Marrow Assist in Maturation of Antibodies against Influenza in Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:3231696. [PMID: 30733641 PMCID: PMC6348795 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3231696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is not only a reservoir of hematopoietic stem cells but a repository of immunological memory cells. Further characterizing BM-resident memory T cells would be helpful to reveal the complicated relationship between the BM and immunological memory. In this study, we identified CD122high stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1) high B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) high CD4+ stem cell-like memory T cells (TSCMs) as a distinct memory T cell subset, which preferentially reside in the BM, where they respond vigorously to blood-borne antigens. Interestingly, the natural CD4+ TSCMs homing to the BM colocalized with VCAM-1+ IL-15+ IL-7+ CXCL-12+ stromal cells. Furthermore, compared to spleen-resident CD4+ TSCMs, BM-resident TSCMs induced the production of high-affinity antibodies against influenza by B lymphocytes more efficiently. Taken together, these observations indicate that the BM provides an appropriate microenvironment for the survival of CD4+ TSCMs, which broadens our knowledge regarding the memory maintenance of antigen-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes.
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Fischer L, Herkner C, Kitte R, Dohnke S, Riewaldt J, Kretschmer K, Garbe AI. Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells in Bone and Hematopoietic Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:578. [PMID: 31551927 PMCID: PMC6746882 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone represents surprisingly dynamic structures that are subject to constant remodeling by the concerted action of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts - two cell subsets of distinct developmental origin that are key in maintaining skeletal integrity throughout life. In general, abnormal bone remodeling due to dysregulated bone resorption and formation is an early event in the manifestation of various human bone diseases, such as osteopetrosis/osteoporosis and arthritis. But bone remodeling is also closely interrelated with lympho-hematopoietic homeostasis, as the bone marrow niche is formed by solid and trabecular bone structures that provide a framework for the long-term maintenance and differentiation of HSCs (>blood lineage cells and osteoclasts) and MSCs (>osteoblasts). Numerous studies in mice and humans have implicated innate and adaptive immune cells in the dynamic regulation of bone homeostasis, but despite considerable clinical relevance, the exact mechanisms of such immuno-bone interplay have remained incompletely understood. This holds particularly true for CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the lineage specification factor Foxp3: Foxp3+ Treg cells have been shown to play an indispensable role in maintaining immune homeostasis, but may also exert critical non-immune functions, which includes the control of metabolic and regenerative processes, as well as the differentiation of HSCs and function of osteoclasts. Here, we summarize our current knowledge on the T cell/bone interplay, with a particular emphasis on our own efforts to dissect the role of Foxp3+ Treg cells in bone and hematopoietic homeostasis, employing experimental settings of gain- and loss-of-Treg cell function. These data make a strong case that Foxp3+ Treg cells impinge on lympho-hematopoiesis through indirect mechanisms, i.e., by acting on osteoclast development and function, which translates into changes in niche size. Furthermore, we propose that, besides disorders that involve inflammatory bone loss, the modulation of Foxp3+ Treg cell function in vivo may represent a suitable approach to reinstate bone homeostasis in non-autoimmune settings of aberrant bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Fischer
- Osteoimmunology, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Caroline Herkner
- Osteoimmunology, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reni Kitte
- Osteoimmunology, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dohnke
- Osteoimmunology, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Riewaldt
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karsten Kretschmer
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annette I. Garbe
- Osteoimmunology, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- *Correspondence: Annette I. Garbe
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Boulassel MR, Al Qarni Z, Burney I, Khan H, Al-Zubaidi A, Al Naamani A, Al-Hinai H, Al-Badi A, Qureshi RN, Panjwani V, Al Farsi K. Levels of regulatory T cells and invariant natural killer cells and their associations with regulatory B cells in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 9:677-682. [PMID: 30546901 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their immunoregulatory properties, several specialized cell subsets, including regulatory T (Treg), invariant natural killer T (iNKT) and regulatory B (Breg) cells, are involved in the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, the interaction between various cells remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of Treg, iNKT and Breg cell subsets and their interrelationships in the peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) of patients with B-cell NHL who received rituximab-based regimens and achieved a complete remission. A total of 20 patients and 20 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were prospectively enrolled for investigation of Treg, iNKT and Breg cell subsets in PB and BM by flow cytometry and cell culture. Prior to administration of combination chemotherapy with rituximab, the patients had lower levels of Breg cells and, to a lesser degree, Treg cells, but not iNKT cells, in PB compared with controls. Compartmental differences in the levels of Treg and Breg cell subsets, but not iNKT cells, were observed between PB and BM, suggesting an increase in trafficking through the blood of these regulatory cell subsets to the marrow. Following complete remission, the levels of circulating Treg, iNKT and Breg cell subsets increased. The levels of Treg cells were not significantly associated with iNKT and Breg cell subsets, although negative correlations were observed. Taken together, these results may provide new insights into the potential role of regulatory cell subsets in patients with B-cell NHL. However, whether the observed differences between PB and BM may affect clinical outcomes requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Rachid Boulassel
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman.,Department of Haematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Zahra Al Qarni
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ikram Burney
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Hammad Khan
- Department of Haematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Abeer Al-Zubaidi
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Amal Al Naamani
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Huda Al-Hinai
- Department of Haematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Amira Al-Badi
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rizwan Nabi Qureshi
- Department of Haematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Vinodh Panjwani
- Department of Haematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Khalil Al Farsi
- Department of Haematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
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Abstract
Purpose of review In this review, we aim to discuss the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in supporting hematopoiesis, with particular focus on the contribution of the endothelial niche in dictating hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate. Recent findings Evidence gathered in the past two decades revealed that specific cell types within the bone marrow niche influence the hematopoietic system. Endothelial cells have emerged as a key component of the HSC niche, directly affecting stem cell quiescence, self-renewal, and lineage differentiation. Physiological alterations of the bone marrow niche occurring in aging have been described to be sufficient to promote functional aging of young HSCs. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence suggests that aberrant activation of endothelial-derived signaling pathways can aid or trigger neoplastic transformation. Summary Several groups have contributed to the characterization of the different cell types that comprise the complex bone marrow environment, whose function was long perceived as an undiscernible sum of many parts. Further studies will need to uncover niche cell-type-specific pathways, in order to provide new targets and therapeutic options that aim at withdrawing the microenvironmental support to malignant cells while sparing normal HSCs.
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Impaired bone marrow B-cell development in mice with a bronchiolitis obliterans model of cGVHD. Blood Adv 2018; 2:2307-2319. [PMID: 30228128 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017014977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients after allogeneic bone marrow (BM) or stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Recent work has indicated that both T and B lymphocytes play an important role in the pathophysiology of cGVHD. Previously, our group showed a critical role for the germinal center response in the function of B cells using a bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) model of cGVHD. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that cGVHD is associated with severe defects in the generation of BM B lymphoid and uncommitted common lymphoid progenitor cells. We found an increase in the number of donor CD4+ T cells in the BM of mice with cGVHD that was negatively correlated with B-cell development and the frequency of osteoblasts and Prrx-1-expressing perivascular stromal cells, which are present in the B-cell niche. Use of anti-DR3 monoclonal antibodies to enhance the number of donor regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the donor T-cell inoculum ameliorated the pathology associated with BO in this model. This correlated with an increased number of endosteal osteoblastic cells and significantly improved the generation of B-cell precursors in the BM after allo-SCT. Our work indicates that donor Tregs play a critical role in preserving the generation of B-cell precursors in the BM after allo-SCT. Approaches to enhance the number and/or function of donor Tregs that do not enhance conventional T-cell activity may be important to decrease the incidence and severity of cGVHD in part through normal B-cell lymphopoiesis.
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Richter FC, Obba S, Simon AK. Local exchange of metabolites shapes immunity. Immunology 2018; 155:309-319. [PMID: 29972686 PMCID: PMC6187213 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cell differentiation and function depend on metabolic changes for the provision of energy and metabolites. Consequently, cellular metabolism relies on the availability of micronutrients such as vitamins and energy‐rich sources including amino acids and fatty acids. The bone marrow controls the continuous production of blood cells and is thereby reliant on the sophisticated interplay of progenitor and mature immune cells with its stromal microenvironment. The significance of stromal subsets in immunopoiesis is undisputed; however, our current knowledge is limited to their role in the production and secretion of a variety of soluble proteins such as cytokines. In contrast, the role of the haematopoietic niche in controlling and providing nutrients such as fatty acids, amino acids and vitamins, which are required for immune cell differentiation and function, remains largely elusive. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of local nutritional exchange and control between immune and stromal cells in peripheral tissue and, when it is known, in the bone marrow. The parallels found between peripheral tissues and bone marrow stroma raises the question of how local metabolism is capable of influencing haematopoiesis and immunopoiesis. A better understanding of the local exchange of nutrients in the bone marrow can be used to improve immune cell formation during ageing, after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and during immune challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Clemens Richter
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandrine Obba
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Khan MA, Alanazi F, Ahmed HA, Vater A, Assiri AM, Broering DC. C5a Blockade Increases Regulatory T Cell Numbers and Protects Against Microvascular Loss and Epithelial Damage in Mouse Airway Allografts. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1010. [PMID: 29881374 PMCID: PMC5976734 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular injury during acute rejection has been associated with massive infiltration of CD4+ T effector cells, and the formation of complement products (C3a and C5a). Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are potent immunosuppressors of the adaptive immune system and have proven sufficient to rescue microvascular impairments. Targeting C5a has been linked with improved microvascular recovery, but its effects on the Treg and T effector balance is less well known. Here, we demonstrate the impact of C5a blockade on Treg induction and microvascular restoration in rejecting mouse airway allografts. BALB/c→C57BL/6 allografts were treated with a C5a-neutralizing l-aptamer (10 mg/kg, i.p. at d0 and every second day thereafter), and allografts were serially monitored for Treg infiltration, tissue oxygenation (tpO2), microvascular blood flow, and functional microvasculature between donor and recipients during allograft rejection. We demonstrated that C5a blocking significantly leads to enhanced presence of Tregs in the allograft, reinstates donor-recipient functional microvasculature, improves tpO2, microvascular blood flow, and epithelial repair, followed by an upregulation of IL-5, TGF-β, IL-10 vascular endothelial growth factor, and ANGPT1 gene expression, while it maintained a healthy epithelium and prevented subepithelial collagen deposition at d28 posttransplantation. Together, these data indicate that inhibition of C5a signaling has potential to preserve microvasculature and rescue allograft from a sustained hypoxic/ischemic phase, limits airway tissue remodeling through the induction of Treg-mediated immune tolerance. These findings may be useful in designing anti-C5a therapy in combination with existing immunosuppressive regimens to rescue tissue/organ rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal Khan
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Organ Transplant Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Alanazi
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Organ Transplant Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Abdalrahman Ahmed
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdullah Mohammed Assiri
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dieter Clemens Broering
- Organ Transplant Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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