1
|
Firestone E, Staples R, Hamann TW. Open-Cage Copper Complexes Modulate Coordination and Charge Transfer. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12081-12088. [PMID: 38946341 PMCID: PMC11220750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a novel copper-based redox shuttle that employs the PY5 pentadentate polypyridyl ligand in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The [Cu(PY5)]2+ complex exhibits a unique five-coordinate square pyramidal geometry, characterized by a strategically labile axial position, to facilitate efficient dye regeneration while minimizing electron recombination, thereby enhancing DSSC performance. Notably, the inclusion of 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) as an additive is shown to significantly modulate the electrochemical and photophysical properties of the copper complexes, attributed to its coordination to the vacant axial site. This interaction leads to an improved open-circuit voltage and overall device efficiency, with the complexes achieving promising efficiencies under standard solar irradiance. The findings underscore the potential of utilizing copper-based redox shuttles with designed ligand geometries to overcome the limitations of current DSSC materials, opening new avenues for the design and optimization of solar energy conversion devices. This work not only contributes to the fundamental understanding of the behavior of copper complexes in DSSCs but also paves the way for future research aimed at exploiting the full potential of such geometrical and electronic configurations for the development of more robust and efficient solar energy solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Firestone
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Richard Staples
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Thomas W. Hamann
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tingare YS, Su C, Hsu YC, Lai NW, Wang WC, Lin XC, Lai PW, Yang HY, Lew XR, Li WR. Organic-inorganic hybrid material for hole transport in inverted perovskite solar cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301508. [PMID: 38280139 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Hole mobility is critical to the power conversion efficiencies of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Organic small-molecule hole-transporting materials (HTMs) have attracted considerable interest in PSCs due to their structural flexibility and operational durability, but they suffer from modest hole mobility. On the other hand, inorganic HTMs with good hole mobility are inflexible in structural variation and exhibit unsatisfactory cell efficiency. In this study, a ligand BT28 and its zinc-based coordination complex BTZ30 were synthesized, characterized, and investigated as HTMs for PSC applications. The mixed-halide perovskites can be grown uniformly with large crystalline grains on both HTMs, which exhibit similar optical and electrochemical properties. However, it was discovered that the BTZ30-based solar cell exhibited an open-circuit voltage of 1.0817 V and a high short-circuit current density of 23.1392 mA cm-2 with a champion power conversion efficiency of close to 20 %. The performance difference between the two HTMs can be attributed to the difference in their hole mobilities, which is 63.31 % higher for BTZ30 than BT28. The comparison of non-metal and metal HTMs revealed the importance of considering hybrid structures to overcome some shortcomings associated with organic and inorganic HTMs and achieve high-performance PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh S Tingare
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials/Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106344, Taiwan
| | - Chaochin Su
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials/Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106344, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chun Hsu
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials/Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106344, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Wei Lai
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials/Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106344, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Zhongli, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Xiang-Ching Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Zhongli, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Penh-Wen Lai
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials/Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106344, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Zhongli, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Rui Lew
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Zhongli, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ren Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Zhongli, 32001, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han HG, Yoon SY, Kim BM, Lee MH, Kim S, Shin H, Roh DH, Song HK, Kwon TH. Influence of the Lithium-Ion Concentration in Electrolytes on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized Photorechargeable Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:40378-40384. [PMID: 37594234 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized photorechargeable batteries (DSPBs) have recently gained attention for realizing energy recycling systems under dim light conditions. However, their performance under high storage efficiency (i.e., the capacity charged within a limited time) for practical application remains to be evaluated. Herein, we varied the lithium (Li)-ion concentration, which plays a dual role as energy charging and storage components, to obtain the optimized energy density of DSPBs. Electrochemical studies showed that the Li-ion concentration strongly affected the resistance characteristics of DSPBs. In particular, increasing the Li-ion concentration improved the output capacity and decreased the output voltage. Consequently, the energy density of the finely optimized DSPB improved from 8.73 to 12.64 mWh/cm3 when irradiated by a 1000-lx indoor light-emitting-diode lamp. These findings on the effects of Li-ion concentrations in electrolytes on the performance of DSPBs represent a step forward in realizing the practical application of DSPBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Gyu Han
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Wave Energy Materials, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Industrial R&D Center, P2SG Global Corporation, Seoul 05052, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Wave Energy Materials, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Man Kim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
| | - Myeong-Hee Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungtae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Wave Energy Materials, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeonOh Shin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Wave Energy Materials, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Roh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Wave Energy Materials, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kon Song
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Wave Energy Materials, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Device Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fauvel S, Riquelme AJ, Andrés Castán JM, Mwalukuku VM, Kervella Y, Challuri VK, Sauvage F, Narbey S, Maldivi P, Aumaître C, Demadrille R. Push-pull photochromic dyes for semi-transparent solar cells with light-adjustable optical properties and high color-rendering index. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8497-8506. [PMID: 37592994 PMCID: PMC10430641 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02328a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis and characterization of push-pull photochromic naphthopyran dyes, incorporating different carbazole moieties as the electron-donor group for use in dye-sensitized solar cells. Compared to a reference dye incorporating a diphenylamine-type donor moiety, the introduction of functionalized carbazoles allows for a hypsochromic shift of the absorption of the coloured isomers of the dyes in the visible region and a better tuning of their spectra to the photopic response of the human eye. Under illumination, the molecules exhibit a broad absorption with a maximum comprised between 546 nm and 571 nm in solution and they reveal relatively fast discoloration kinetics. By using these dyes to fabricate photochromic solar cells whose optical and photovoltaic properties vary with the light exposure, we have achieved a PCE of up to 3% in opaque cells. Using these molecules in semi-transparent solar cells with different electrolytes, a PCE of 2.3% was achieved. We also produced a semi-transparent mini-module with an average visible transmittance varying between 66% and 50% and a colour rendering index around 95 in both the uncoloured and coloured states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Fauvel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Antonio J Riquelme
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES F-38000 Grenoble France
| | | | | | - Yann Kervella
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES F-38000 Grenoble France
| | | | - Frédéric Sauvage
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides, CNRS UMR7314, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Hub de l'énergie 15 Rue Baudelocque 80039 Amiens France
| | | | - Pascale Maldivi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Cyril Aumaître
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Renaud Demadrille
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES F-38000 Grenoble France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nößler M, Neuman NI, Böser L, Jäger R, Singha Hazari A, Hunger D, Pan Y, Lücke C, Bens T, van Slageren J, Sarkar B. Spin Crossover and Fluorine-Specific Interactions in Metal Complexes of Terpyridines with Polyfluorocarbon Tails. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301246. [PMID: 37191067 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In coordination chemistry and materials science, terpyridine ligands are of great interest, due to their ability to form stable complexes with a broad range of transition metal ions. We report three terpyridine ligands containing different perfluorocarbon (PFC) tails on the backbone and the corresponding FeII and CoII complexes. The CoII complexes display spin crossover close to ambient temperature, and the nature of this spin transition is influenced by the length of the PFC tail on the ligand backbone. The electrochemical properties of the metal complexes were investigated with cyclic voltammetry revealing one oxidation and several reduction processes. The fluorine-specific interactions were investigated by EPR measurements. Analysis of the EPR spectra of the complexes as microcrystalline powders and in solution reveals exchange-narrowed spectra without resolved hyperfine splittings arising from the 59 Co nucleus; this suggests complex aggregation in solution mediated by interactions of the PFC tails. Interestingly, addition of perfluoro-octanol in different ratios to the acetonitrile solution of the sample resulted in the disruption of the F ⋯ ${\cdots }$ F interactions of the tails. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of fluorine-specific interactions in metal complexes through EPR spectroscopy, as exemplified by exchange narrowing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maite Nößler
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolás I Neuman
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, INTEC, UNL-CONICET Predio CCT Conicet "Dr. Alberto Cassano", Colectora RN 168, Km 0, Paraje El Pozo, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lisa Böser
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - René Jäger
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arijit Singha Hazari
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - David Hunger
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yixian Pan
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Clemens Lücke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Bens
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Flores-Diaz N, De Rossi F, Das A, Deepa M, Brunetti F, Freitag M. Progress of Photocapacitors. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9327-9355. [PMID: 37294781 PMCID: PMC10416220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In response to the current trend of miniaturization of electronic devices and sensors, the complementary coupling of high-efficiency energy conversion and low-loss energy storage technologies has given rise to the development of photocapacitors (PCs), which combine energy conversion and storage in a single device. Photovoltaic systems integrated with supercapacitors offer unique light conversion and storage capabilities, resulting in improved overall efficiency over the past decade. Consequently, researchers have explored a wide range of device combinations, materials, and characterization techniques. This review provides a comprehensive overview of photocapacitors, including their configurations, operating mechanisms, manufacturing techniques, and materials, with a focus on emerging applications in small wireless devices, Internet of Things (IoT), and Internet of Everything (IoE). Furthermore, we highlight the importance of cutting-edge materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and organic materials for supercapacitors, as well as novel materials in photovoltaics, in advancing PCs for a carbon-free, sustainable society. We also evaluate the potential development, prospects, and application scenarios of this emerging area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Flores-Diaz
- School
of Natural and Environmental Science, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca De Rossi
- CHOSE
(Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic
Engineering, University of Rome “Tor
Vergata”, via
del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Aparajita Das
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Hyderabad, Kandi, 502285 Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Melepurath Deepa
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Hyderabad, Kandi, 502285 Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Francesca Brunetti
- CHOSE
(Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic
Engineering, University of Rome “Tor
Vergata”, via
del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Freitag
- School
of Natural and Environmental Science, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hegde V, O SC, Kulkarni NV, Mathew J. Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt (II) Pincer Complexes and their Application as Dyes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
|
8
|
Kim HK. Redox Shuttle-Based Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Comprehensive Guidance, Recent Progress, and Future Perspective. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6139-6163. [PMID: 36844550 PMCID: PMC9948191 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A redox electrolyte is a crucial part of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which plays a significant role in the photovoltage and photocurrent of the DSSCs through efficient dye regeneration and minimization of charge recombination. An I-/I3 - redox shuttle has been mostly utilized, but it limits the open-circuit voltage (V oc) to 0.7-0.8 V. To improve the V oc value, an alternative redox shuttle with more positive redox potential is required. Thus, by utilizing cobalt complexes with polypyridyl ligands, a significant power conversion efficiency (PCE) of above 14% with a high V oc of up to 1 V under 1-sun illumination was achieved. Recently, the V oc of a DSSC has exceeded 1 V with a PCE of around 15% by using Cu-complex-based redox shuttles. The PCE of over 34% in DSSCs under ambient light by using these Cu-complex-based redox shuttles also proves the potential for the commercialization of DSSCs in indoor applications. However, most of the developed highly efficient porphyrin and organic dyes cannot be used for the Cu-complex-based redox shuttles due to their higher positive redox potentials. Therefore, the replacement of suitable ligands in Cu complexes or an alternative redox shuttle with a redox potential of 0.45-0.65 V has been required to utilize the highly efficient porphyrin and organic dyes. As a consequence, for the first time, the proposed strategy for a PCE enhancement of over 16% in DSSCs with a suitable redox shuttle is made by finding a superior counter electrode to enhance the fill factor and a suitable near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing dye for cosensitization with the existing dyes to further broaden the light absorption and enhance the short-circuit current density (J sc) value. This review comprehensively analyzes the redox shuttles and redox-shuttle-based liquid electrolytes for DSSCs and gives recent progress and perspectives.
Collapse
|
9
|
Nguyen VS, Su TS, Chen CC, Yeh CY, Wei TC. Efficient counter electrode for copper (I)(II)-mediated dye-sensitized solar cells based on polyvinyl alcohol capped platinum nanoclusters. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
|
10
|
Synthesis and characterization of a series of cobalt complexes: Investigation of their efficacy as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cell applications. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
11
|
Peri R, Bhagavathiachari M, Balasubramanian S. A detailed study on the electrochemical properties of transition metal-based carbide/nitride thin films in energy conversion and storage devices. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
12
|
Leonardus M, Rameez M, Aji BB, Wu W, Hung C. Panchromatic oxasmaragdyrin as dual functional
hole‐transporting
material in a
ll‐inorganic CsPbIBr
2
perovskite solar cells. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Leonardus
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST) Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | | | - Bramantyo Bayu Aji
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST) Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
- Research Center for Mining Technology National Research and Innovation Agency South Lampung Indonesia
| | - Wen‐Ti Wu
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Santos F, Martins J, Capitão J, Emami S, Ivanou D, Mendes A. Stable Cobalt-Mediated Monolithic Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Full Glass Encapsulation. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2022; 5:7220-7229. [PMID: 36569782 PMCID: PMC9773422 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) emerged in the market as one of the most promising indoor photovoltaic technologies to address the need for wireless powering of low-consuming electronics and sensor nodes of the internet of things (IoT). The monolithic design structure of the cell (M-DSSCs) makes the devices simpler and cheaper, and it is straightforward for constructing in-series modules. The most efficient DSSCs reported so far are Co(III/II)-mediated liquid junction cells with acetonitrile electrolytes; however, they are mostly unstable. This study reports on highly stable cobalt-mediated M-DSSCs, passing thermal cycling tests up to 85 °C according to ISOS standard protocols. Under 1000 h of aging in the dark and under simulated solar and artificial light soaking, all tested cells improved or retained their initial power conversion efficiency. Advanced long-term stability was achieved by eliminating the extrinsic factors of degradation, such as the interaction of the cell components with the environment and electrolyte leakage. This was obtained by encapsulation of the devices using a glass-frit sealant, including the holes for filling up the liquid components of the cells. The hermeticity of the encapsulation complies with the MIL-STD-883 standard fine helium gas leakage test, and its hermeticity remained unchanged after humidity-freeze cycles according to IEC 61646. The elimination of extrinsic degradation factors allowed reliable assessment of inner factors accountable for aging. The impact of the ISOS-protocol test conditions on the intrinsic device stability and long-term photovoltaic history of the M-DSSCs is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Santos
- LEPABE—Laboratory
for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty
of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate
Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Martins
- LEPABE—Laboratory
for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty
of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate
Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jeffrey Capitão
- LEPABE—Laboratory
for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty
of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate
Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Seyedali Emami
- LEPABE—Laboratory
for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty
of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate
Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dzmitry Ivanou
- LEPABE—Laboratory
for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty
of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate
Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Email address: . Phone: +351 920427795. Fax: +351 225081449
| | - Adélio Mendes
- LEPABE—Laboratory
for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty
of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate
Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Raut P, Kishnani V, Mondal K, Gupta A, Jana SC. A Review on Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:680. [PMID: 35630147 PMCID: PMC9145919 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Significant growth has been observed in the research domain of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to the simplicity in its manufacturing, low cost, and high-energy conversion efficiency. The electrolytes in DSSCs play an important role in determining the photovoltaic performance of the DSSCs, e.g., volatile liquid electrolytes suffer from poor thermal stability. Although low volatility liquid electrolytes and solid polymer electrolytes circumvent the stability issues, gel polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and enduring stability are stimulating substitutes for liquid electrolytes in DSSC. In this review paper, the advantages of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are discussed along with other types of electrolytes, e.g., solid polymer electrolytes and p-type semiconductor-based electrolytes. The benefits of incorporating ionic liquids into GPEs are highlighted in conjunction with the factors that affect the ionic conductivity of GPEs. The strategies on the improvement of the properties of DSSCs based on GPE are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Raut
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA; (P.R.); (S.C.J.)
| | - Vinay Kishnani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Kunal Mondal
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Sadhan C. Jana
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA; (P.R.); (S.C.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bondì L, Garden AL, Totti F, Jerabek P, Brooker S. Quantitative Assessment of Ligand Substituent Effects on σ‐ and π‐Contributions to Fe−N Bonds in Spin Crossover Fe
II
Complexes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104314. [PMID: 35224791 PMCID: PMC9310619 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of para‐substituent X on the electronic structure of sixteen tridentate 4‐X‐(2,6‐di(pyrazol‐1‐yl))‐pyridine (bppX) ligands and the corresponding solution spin crossover [FeII(bppX)2]2+ complexes is analysed further, to supply quantitative insights into the effect of X on the σ‐donor and π‐acceptor character of the Fe‐NA(pyridine) bonds. EDA‐NOCV on the sixteen LS complexes revealed that neither ΔEorb,σ+π (R2=0.48) nor ΔEorb,π (R2=0.31) correlated with the experimental solution T1/2 values (which are expected to reflect the ligand field imposed on the iron centre), but that ΔEorb,σ correlates well (R2=0.82) and implies that as X changes from EDG→EWG (Electron Donating to Withdrawing Group), the ligand becomes a better σ‐donor. This counter‐intuitive result was further probed by Mulliken analysis of the NA atomic orbitals: NA(px) involved in the Fe−N σ‐bond vs. the perpendicular NA(pz) employed in the ligand aromatic π‐system. As X changes EDG→EWG, the electron population on NA(pz) decreases, making it a better π‐acceptor, whilst that in NA(px) increases, making it a better σ‐bond donor; both increase ligand field, and T1/2 as observed. In 2016, Halcrow, Deeth and co‐workers proposed an intuitively reasonable explanation of the effect of the para‐X substituents on the T1/2 values in this family of complexes, consistent with the calculated MO energy levels, that M→L π‐backdonation dominates in these M−L bonds. Here the quantitative EDA‐NOCV analysis of the M−L bond contributions provides a more complete, coherent and detailed picture of the relative impact of M−L σ‐versus π‐bonding in determining the observed T1/2, refining the earlier interpretation and revealing the importance of the σ‐bonding. Furthermore, our results are in perfect agreement with the ΔE(HS‐LS) vs. σp+(X) correlation reported in their work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bondì
- Department of Chemistry MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff' and INSTM Research Unit University of Florence 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Anna L. Garden
- Department of Chemistry MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Federico Totti
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff' and INSTM Research Unit University of Florence 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Paul Jerabek
- Institute of Hydrogen Technology Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon Max-Planck-Straße 1 21502 Geesthacht Germany
| | - Sally Brooker
- Department of Chemistry MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Housecroft CE, Constable EC. Solar energy conversion using first row d-block metal coordination compound sensitizers and redox mediators. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1225-1262. [PMID: 35222908 PMCID: PMC8809415 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06828h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of renewable energy is essential for the future of the Earth, and solar photons are the ultimate source of energy to satisfy the ever-increasing global energy demands. Photoconversion using dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) is becoming an established technology to contribute to the sustainable energy market, and among state-of-the art DSCs are those which rely on ruthenium(ii) sensitizers and the triiodide/iodide (I3 -/I-) redox mediator. Ruthenium is a critical raw material, and in this review, we focus on the use of coordination complexes of the more abundant first row d-block metals, in particular copper, iron and zinc, as dyes in DSCs. A major challenge in these DSCs is an enhancement of their photoconversion efficiencies (PCEs) which currently lag significantly behind those containing ruthenium-based dyes. The redox mediator in a DSC is responsible for regenerating the ground state of the dye. Although the I3 -/I- couple has become an established redox shuttle, it has disadvantages: its redox potential limits the values of the open-circuit voltage (V OC) in the DSC and its use creates a corrosive chemical environment within the DSC which impacts upon the long-term stability of the cells. First row d-block metal coordination compounds, especially those containing cobalt, and copper, have come to the fore in the development of alternative redox mediators and we detail the progress in this field over the last decade, with particular attention to Cu2+/Cu+ redox mediators which, when coupled with appropriate dyes, have achieved V OC values in excess of 1000 mV. We also draw attention to aspects of the recyclability of DSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Housecroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Edwin C Constable
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058 Basel Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cole JM, Mayer UFJ. Characterizing Interfacial Structures of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Working Electrodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:871-890. [PMID: 35014533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this feature article, we discuss the fundamental use of materials-characterization methods that directly determine structural information on the dye···TiO2 interface in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). This interface is usually buried within the DSC and submerged in solvent and electrolyte, which renders such metrological work nontrivial. We will show how ex-situ X-ray reflectometry (XRR), atomic-force microscopy (AFM), grazing-incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS), pair-distribution-function analysis of X-ray diffraction data (gaPDF), and in-situ neutron reflectometry (NR) can be used to deliver specific structural information on the dye···TiO2 interface regarding dye anchoring, dye aggregation, molecular dye orientation, intermolecular spacing between dye molecules, interactions between the dye molecules and the TiO2 surface, and interactions between the dye molecules and the electrolyte components and precursors. Some of these materials-characterization techniques have been developed specifically for this purpose. We will demonstrate how the direct acquisition of such information from materials-characterization experiments is crucial for assembling a holistic structural picture of this interface, which in turn can be used to develop DSC design guidelines. Moreover, we will show how these methodologies can be used in the experimental-validation process of "design-to-device" pipelines for big-data- and machine-learning-based materials discovery. We conclude with an outlook on further developments of this design-to-device approach as well as the materials characterization of more dye···TiO2 interfacial structures that involve known DSC dyes using the methods described herein. In addition, we propose to combine these formally disparate metrologies so that their complementary merits can be exploited simultaneously. New metrologies of this kind could serve as a "one-stop-shop" for the materials characterization of surfaces, interfaces, and bulk structures in DSCs and other devices with layered architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Cole
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich F J Mayer
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dwivedi G, Munjal G, Bhaskarwar AN, Chaudhary A. Dye-sensitized solar cells with polyaniline: A review. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.109087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
19
|
Yoon J, Hou Y, Knoepfel AM, Yang D, Ye T, Zheng L, Yennawar N, Sanghadasa M, Priya S, Wang K. Bio-inspired strategies for next-generation perovskite solar mobile power sources. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12915-12984. [PMID: 34622260 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01493a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Smart electronic devices are becoming ubiquitous due to many appealing attributes including portability, long operational time, rechargeability and compatibility with the user-desired form factor. Integration of mobile power sources (MPS) based on photovoltaic technologies with smart electronics will continue to drive improved sustainability and independence. With high efficiency, low cost, flexibility and lightweight features, halide perovskite photovoltaics have become promising candidates for MPS. Realization of these photovoltaic MPS (PV-MPS) with unconventionally extraordinary attributes requires new 'out-of-box' designs. Natural materials have provided promising designing solutions to engineer properties under a broad range of boundary conditions, ranging from molecules, proteins, cells, tissues, apparatus to systems in animals, plants, and humans optimized through billions of years of evolution. Applying bio-inspired strategies in PV-MPS could be biomolecular modification on crystallization at the atomic/meso-scale, bio-structural duplication at the device/system level and bio-mimicking at the functional level to render efficient charge delivery, energy transport/utilization, as well as stronger resistance against environmental stimuli (e.g., self-healing and self-cleaning). In this review, we discuss the bio-inspired/-mimetic structures, experimental models, and working principles, with the goal of revealing physics and bio-microstructures relevant for PV-MPS. Here the emphasis is on identifying the strategies and material designs towards improvement of the performance of emerging halide perovskite PVs and strategizing their bridge to future MPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungjin Yoon
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
| | - Yuchen Hou
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
| | - Abbey Marie Knoepfel
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
| | - Luyao Zheng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
| | - Neela Yennawar
- Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA
| | - Mohan Sanghadasa
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Aviation & Missile Center, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, 35898, USA
| | - Shashank Priya
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Muñoz-García AB, Benesperi I, Boschloo G, Concepcion JJ, Delcamp JH, Gibson EA, Meyer GJ, Pavone M, Pettersson H, Hagfeldt A, Freitag M. Dye-sensitized solar cells strike back. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12450-12550. [PMID: 34590638 PMCID: PMC8591630 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01336f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are celebrating their 30th birthday and they are attracting a wealth of research efforts aimed at unleashing their full potential. In recent years, DSCs and dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) have experienced a renaissance as the best technology for several niche applications that take advantage of DSCs' unique combination of properties: at low cost, they are composed of non-toxic materials, are colorful, transparent, and very efficient in low light conditions. This review summarizes the advancements in the field over the last decade, encompassing all aspects of the DSC technology: theoretical studies, characterization techniques, materials, applications as solar cells and as drivers for the synthesis of solar fuels, and commercialization efforts from various companies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Muñoz-García
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Iacopo Benesperi
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Javier J Concepcion
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Jared H Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Gibson
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Michele Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
- University Management and Management Council, Vice Chancellor, Uppsala University, Segerstedthuset, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marina Freitag
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Inomata T, Hatano M, Kawai Y, Matsunaga A, Kitagawa T, Wasada-Tsutsui Y, Ozawa T, Masuda H. Synthesis and Physico-Chemical Properties of Homoleptic Copper(I) Complexes with Asymmetric Ligands as a DSSC Dye. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226835. [PMID: 34833927 PMCID: PMC8623343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop low-cost and efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), we designed and prepared three homoleptic Cu(I) complexes with asymmetric ligands, M1, M2, and Y3, which have the advantages of heteroleptic-type complexes and compensate for their synthetic challenges. The three copper(I) complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical measurements. Their absorption spectra and orbital energies were evaluated and are discussed in the context of TD-DFT calculations. The complexes have high VOC values (0.48, 0.60, and 0.66 V for M1, M2, and Y3, respectively) which are similar to previously reported copper(I) dyes with symmetric ligands, although their energy conversion efficiencies are relatively low (0.17, 0.64, and 2.66%, respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Inomata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.K.); (A.M.); (T.K.); (Y.W.-T.); (T.O.)
- Correspondence: (T.I.); (H.M.)
| | - Mayuka Hatano
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.K.); (A.M.); (T.K.); (Y.W.-T.); (T.O.)
| | - Yuya Kawai
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.K.); (A.M.); (T.K.); (Y.W.-T.); (T.O.)
| | - Ayaka Matsunaga
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.K.); (A.M.); (T.K.); (Y.W.-T.); (T.O.)
| | - Takuma Kitagawa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.K.); (A.M.); (T.K.); (Y.W.-T.); (T.O.)
| | - Yuko Wasada-Tsutsui
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.K.); (A.M.); (T.K.); (Y.W.-T.); (T.O.)
| | - Tomohiro Ozawa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.K.); (A.M.); (T.K.); (Y.W.-T.); (T.O.)
| | - Hideki Masuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho, Toyota 470-0392, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.I.); (H.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen Y, Tang Y, Zou J, Zeng K, Baryshnikov G, Li C, Xie Y. Fluorenyl Indoline as an Efficient Electron Donor for Concerted Companion Dyes: Enhanced Light-Harvesting and Photocurrent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49828-49839. [PMID: 34641667 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Concerted companion dyes (CC dyes) like XW61 have been demonstrated to be an effective platform for developing efficient DSSCs. However, the moderated phenothiazine-based electron donor in XW61 results in unsatisfactory Jsc. To address this problem, a stronger fluorenyl indoline-based electron donor has been used to construct porphyrin dye XW68 and organic dyes Y1-Y2. The stronger electron-donating character of the fluorenyl indoline unit leads to an enhanced Jsc value (20.48 mA·cm-2) for the individual dye XW68. On this basis, CC dyes XW69-XW70-C8 have been designed and synthesized by combining the frameworks of Y1 and Y2 with XW68. The complementary absorption characters of the porphyrin and the organic dye moieties lead to panchromatic absorption with a strong light-harvesting capability from 350 to 700 nm and the onset wavelength extended to ca. 840 nm in the IPCE curves. As a result, excellent Jsc values have been achieved (>22 mA·cm-2). In addition to the advantages of high Jsc, bulky octyl groups have been introduced into the donor of XW70-C8 to reduce dye aggregation and suppress charge recombination. Finally, a highest PCE of 11.1% with a satisfactory Jsc (22.25 mA·cm-2) and an enhanced Voc (750 mV) has been achieved upon coadsorption of XW70-C8 with CDCA. In addition, the CC dye XW70-C8-based solar cells exhibit excellent long-term photostability. These results provide an effective method for rationally improving the photovoltaic behavior, especially the Jsc of CC dyes, by introducing strong electron donor moieties with suitable substituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yunyu Tang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
| | - Jiazhi Zou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Kaiwen Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cho I, Mozer AJ. Effect of Molecular Structure on Interfacial Electron Transfer Kinetics in the Framework of Classical Marcus Theory. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inseong Cho
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute Innovation Campus Squires Way North Wollongong NSW 2500
| | - Attila J. Mozer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute Innovation Campus Squires Way North Wollongong NSW 2500
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mitsui M, Nakagome Y, Niihori Y, Inoue S, Fujiwara Y, Kobayashi K. Starburst-Shaped D-π-A Chromophores Possessing a Hexaethynylbenzene Core for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35739-35749. [PMID: 34291896 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two starburst-shaped organic chromophores, incorporating a hexaethynylbenzene core modified by five donor branches (D-branches) of (p-dioctylaminostyryl)benzene and one acceptor/anchoring branch (A-branch) of either carboxylic acid-terminated phenylethynylbenzene (SB-07) or cyanoacrylic acid-terminated diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-thiophene (SB-08), were synthesized and applied to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In these chromophores, the common donor moiety, five (p-dioctylaminostyryl)phenyl groups, exhibits excellent optical absorption in the visible region (molar absorption coefficient ε > 105 M-1 cm-1 below 500 nm). The A-branch of SB-07 does not possess strong electron-accepting properties; however, the A-branch of SB-08, the DPP-thiophene moiety, serves as a strong electron acceptor site. Furthermore, the intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) transition between the thiophene and DPP moieties extends the optical absorption range to the near-infrared region (∼800 nm). Optimized DSSC devices using SB-08 with coadsorption of chenodeoxycholic acid, in conjunction with iodide/triiodide-based electrolytes, exhibited incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) exceeding 70% in the 370-700 nm range and over 20% even at 800 nm, with a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 19.3 mA cm-2 and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.4% under AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW cm-2). These results are considerably better than those of SB-07 (Jsc = 7.0 mA cm-2, PCE = 3.3%). The starburst-shaped architecture presented here can be used as a novel structural motif for metal-free organic sensitizers because it enables flexible modification of the multiple D-branches that enhance light-harvesting ability and the A-branch that serves as an excited electron transport pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Yushiro Nakagome
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Shota Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yutaka Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kenji Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Song E, Moon J, Lee JY, Lee CO, Chi WS, Park JT. High-voltage solar energy conversion based on ZIF-67-derived binary redox-quasi-solid-state electrolyte. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
26
|
Naim W, Novelli V, Nikolinakos I, Barbero N, Dzeba I, Grifoni F, Ren Y, Alnasser T, Velardo A, Borrelli R, Haacke S, Zakeeruddin SM, Graetzel M, Barolo C, Sauvage F. Transparent and Colorless Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Exceeding 75% Average Visible Transmittance. JACS AU 2021; 1:409-426. [PMID: 34467304 PMCID: PMC8395686 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most photovoltaic (PV) technologies are opaque to maximize visible light absorption. However, see-through solar cells open additional perspectives for PV integration. Looking beyond maximizing visible light harvesting, this work considers the human eye photopic response to optimize a selective near-infrared sensitizer based on a polymethine cyanine structure (VG20-C x ) to render dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) fully transparent and colorless. This peculiarity was achieved by conferring to the dye the ability to strongly and sharply absorb beyond 800 nm (S0-S1 transition) while rejecting the upper S0-S n contributions far in the blue where the human retina is poorly sensitive. When associated with an aggregation-free anatase TiO2 photoanode, the selective NIR-DSSC can display 3.1% power conversion efficiency, up to 76% average visible transmittance (AVT), a value approaching the 78% AVT value of a standard double glazing window while reaching a color rendering index (CRI) of 92.1%. The ultrafast and fast charge transfer processes are herein discussed, clarifying the different relaxation channels from the dye monomer excited states and highlighting the limiting steps to provide future directions to enhance the performances of this nonintrusive NIR-DSSC technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waad Naim
- Laboratoire
de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), CNRS UMR 7314, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Vittoria Novelli
- Laboratoire
de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), CNRS UMR 7314, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | | | - Nadia Barbero
- Laboratoire
de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), CNRS UMR 7314, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Iva Dzeba
- Laboratoire
de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), CNRS UMR 7314, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Fionnuala Grifoni
- Laboratoire
de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), CNRS UMR 7314, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Yameng Ren
- Laboratory
of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Alnasser
- Laboratoire
de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), CNRS UMR 7314, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Amalia Velardo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Raffaele Borrelli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Stefan Haacke
- IPCMS,
UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Shaik M. Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory
of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Graetzel
- Laboratory
of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Frédéric Sauvage
- Laboratoire
de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), CNRS UMR 7314, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Stojanović M, Flores‐Diaz N, Ren Y, Vlachopoulos N, Pfeifer L, Shen Z, Liu Y, Zakeeruddin SM, Milić JV, Hagfeldt A. The Rise of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: From Molecular Photovoltaics to Emerging Solid‐State Photovoltaic Technologies. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Stojanović
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Natalie Flores‐Diaz
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Yameng Ren
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Vlachopoulos
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Zhongjin Shen
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Shaik M. Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jovana V. Milić
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang K, Yang X, Zhang L, An J, Wang H, Deng Z. Copper redox mediators with alkoxy groups suppressing recombination for dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
29
|
Cho I, Wagner P, Innis PC, Mozer AJ. The impact of insufficient time resolution on dye regeneration lifetime determined using transient absorption spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13001-13010. [PMID: 34085680 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01217g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dye regeneration lifetimes of a combination of dyes and redox mediators were determined by two transient absorption (TA) spectrometers with 0.5 ns (sub-ns) and 6 ns (ns) time resolutions to elucidate the impact of insufficient time resolution on the measurements of dye regeneration kinetics in dye-sensitised semiconductor electrodes. Due to the disordered nature of the dye-sensitised electrodes, the dye regeneration lifetime is often characterised by half-decay time (τ1/2) of the initial signal magnitude. Alternatively, τ1/2,S is calculated from stretched-exponential lifetime (τww) and the distribution of lifetimes characterised by the stretch parameter (β). Stretched-exponential functions were numerically modelled, showing that to keep the error in τ1/2 ≤ 10%, τww needs to be at least 20 times longer than the time resolution in case of non-dispersive transients (β = 0.9) but at least 870 times longer when dispersive (β = 0.5). To test the predictions, TA decays of a combination of organic and porhyrin dyes and three cobalt-complex mediators are analysed, spanning a range of τww and β. These examples show that a 262% error in τ1/2 is possible if the time resolution of the TA setup is only 13 times faster than τww and smaller β results in larger error when τww is similar. Determining τ1/2,S by stretched-exponential fitting generally reduces the error compared to that determined directly from the graph. However, if the stretched-exponential function does not correctly describe the early signal transient, even a larger error by stretched-exponetial fitting is introduced. The key requirement for accurate measurement is to have a fast-enough TA setup to resolve the initial plateau of the TA signal. To demonstrate the impact of the measured errors, the measured regeneration lifetimes are plotted versus the driving force of the reaction and modelled using Marcus theory. Erroneous regeneration rates lead to an underestimated electronic coupling term by 2.2 times in case of a series of porphyrin dyes matched with Co complex electrolytes, a significant impact when the interpretation of factors affecting electron transfer at dye-sensitised semiconductor/electrolyte interface is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inseong Cho
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia.
| | - Pawel Wagner
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia.
| | - Peter C Innis
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia.
| | - Attila J Mozer
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhao Y, Li C, Song F, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Kang Z. All-in-One, Solid-State, Solar-Powered Electrochemical Cell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:57182-57189. [PMID: 33301294 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solar-powered electrochemical cells (SPECs) have been perceived as a potential strategy for coping with the intermittent nature of solar power. Most of the SPECs reported so far use corrosive/toxic liquid electrolyte and/or need very careful packaging, which is restricted by the scenario of implementation and arises the fabrication cost. Here, we demonstrate an all-in-one, solid-state SPEC with solar-to-output energy conversion efficiency of ca. 2.8% under AM 1.5 G irradiation. In this SPEC, a LiBr/polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel serves both as electrolyte, cathode-active mediator, and separator, which is sandwiched between an FTO/BiVO4 photoanode and an FTO/Prussian blue (PB) anode. The use of solid-state PAM hydrogel promotes the charge-transfer dynamics at the interface of the photoanode and suppressed the undesired side reactions of electrolyte decomposition, representing an effective strategy by interfacial engineering toward the development of high-performance SPECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fanxin Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Manganese doped titanium dioxide with a tunable flat-band potential as photoanode in quantum dot sensitized solar cells for higher open circuit voltage. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
32
|
Sharmoukh W, Al Kiey SA, Ali BA, Menon L, Allam NK. Recent progress in the development of hole-transport materials to boost the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 26:e00210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2020.e00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
33
|
An J, Yang X, Cai B, Zhang L, Yang K, Yu Z, Wang X, Hagfeldt A, Sun L. Fine-Tuning by Triple Bond of Carbazole Derivative Dyes to Obtain High Efficiency for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Copper Electrolyte. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46397-46405. [PMID: 32997487 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Three novel dyes consisting of a 5,8,15-tris(2-ethylhexyl)-8,15-dihydro-5H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b':6,5-b″]tricarbazole (BTC) electron-donating group and a 4,7-bis(4-hexylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BTBT) π-bridge with an anchoring group of phenyl carboxyl acid were synthesized and applied in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs).The AJ202 did not contain any triple bonds, the AJ201's ethynyl group was inserted between the BTC and BTBT units, and the AJ206's ethynyl group was introduced between the BTBT moiety and the anchor group. The inclusion and position of the ethynyl linkage in the sensitizer molecules significantly altered the electrochemical properties of these dyes, which can fine-tune the energy levels of the dyes. The best performing devices contained AJ206 as a sensitizer and a Cu(I/II) redox couple, which resulted in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 10.8% under the standard AM 1.5 G illumination, which obtained PCEs higher than those from the devices that contained AJ201 (9.2%) and AJ202 (9.7%) under the same conditions. The highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels of the sensitizers were tuned to be well-suited for the Cu(I/II) redox potential and the Fermi level of TiO2. The innovative synthesis of a tricarbazole-based donor moiety in a sensitizer used in combination with a Cu(I/II) redox couple has resulted in relatively high PCEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xichuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Dalian 116024, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Dalian 116024, China
| | - Kaiyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ze Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiuna Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Dalian 116024, China
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Licheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Dalian 116024, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Efficiency enhancement of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells by doping polythiophene films photoelectrochemically grown onto TiO2 nanoparticles covered with cis-bis(isothiocyanato) bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II). Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
35
|
Ferrocene Derivatives Functionalized with Donor/Acceptor (Hetero)Aromatic Substituents: Tuning of Redox Properties. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13153937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of functionalized ferrocene derivatives carrying electron-donor and electron-withdrawing (hetero)aromatic substituents has been designed as potential alternative electrolyte redox couples for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The compounds have been synthesized and fully characterized in their optical and electrochemical properties. A general synthetic approach that implies the use of a microwave assisted Suzuki coupling has been developed to access a significative number of compounds. The presence of different electron-rich and electron-poor substituents provided fine tuning of optical properties and energy levels. HOMO and LUMO energy values showed that the substitution of one or two cyclopentadienyl rings of ferrocene can be successfully exploited to increase the maximum attainable voltage from a standard DSSC device using TiO2 as a semiconductor, opening the way to highly efficient, non-toxic, and cheap redox shuttles to be employed in solar energy technologies.
Collapse
|
36
|
Efficiency enhancement in dye-sensitized solar cells using hierarchical TiO2 submicron size spheres as a light scattering layer. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
37
|
Cheema H, Watson J, Peddapuram A, Delcamp JH. A 25 mA cm -2 dye-sensitized solar cell based on a near-infrared-absorbing organic dye and application of the device in SSM-DSCs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1741-1744. [PMID: 31938787 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09372a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A blue organic near infrared (NIR) absorbing sensitizer, AP25, is investigated for use in broadly absorbing dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). AP25 shows solar-to-electric conversion with an onset near 900 nm in DSC devices and a photocurrent near 25 mA cm-2 when co-sensitized. An all-organic SSM-DSC device reaches 10.3% PCE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Cheema
- Chemistry Department, University of Mississippi, 481 Coulter Hall University, MS 38677, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kannankutty K, Chen CC, Nguyen VS, Lin YC, Chou HH, Yeh CY, Wei TC. tert-Butylpyridine Coordination with [Cu(dmp) 2] 2+/+ Redox Couple and Its Connection to the Stability of the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5812-5819. [PMID: 31942803 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cu(I)/(II) complex redox couples in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) are of particular interest because of their low reorganization energy between Cu(I) and Cu(II), which minimizes the potential loss during sensitizer regeneration, thus allowing the open-circuit voltage of the device to go over 1.0 V. However, Cu(I)/(II)-based redox couples are reported to coordinate with 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP), which is a standard additive in the electrolyte, and this is believed to account for the poor durability of a Cu(I)/(II)-based DSSCs. Despite TBP coordination on Cu(I)/(II) complexes are confirmed in the literature, its detailed mechanism is yet to be directly proven. In addition, how TBP coordination with Cu(I)/(II) complexes affects the stability of the device is never reported. Here, we choose bis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) copper(I)/(II) ([Cu(dmp)22+/+]) as the modeling redox couple to investigate its interaction with TBP. It is found that [Cu(dmp)2+] is resistive to TBP coordination but could form three new TBP-coordinated compounds. Moreover, it is also confirmed their electrochemical activity on Pt catalyst and mass transfer capability are both demoted significantly. As a result, serious fill factor loss is observed on the stability trail while short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage are relatively unaffected. This unique degradation pattern may resemble a feature of Cu(I)/(II)-based redox couple after TBP poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kala Kannankutty
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan
| | - Vinh Son Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture , National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402 , Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Hsin Chou
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture , National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402 , Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Yeh
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture , National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402 , Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chien Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang Y, Ng SW, Lu X, Zheng Z. Solution-Processed Transparent Electrodes for Emerging Thin-Film Solar Cells. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2049-2122. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaokang Zhang
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze-Wing Ng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Singh AK, Mele Kavungathodi MF, Nithyanandhan J. Alkyl-Group-Wrapped Unsymmetrical Squaraine Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Branched Alkyl Chains Modulate the Aggregation of Dyes and Charge Recombination Processes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:2555-2565. [PMID: 31826606 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer processes at the interfaces dictate the factors that improve the photovoltaic parameters, such as open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current (Jsc), of a dye-sensitized solar cell device, besides selection of a set of suitable anode, dye, electrolyte, and cathode materials. An inefficient charge injection process at the dye-TiO2 interface and charge recombination at the TiO2-dye/electrolyte interface have detrimental effects on improving both Jsc and Voc. Hence, tailoring the factors that govern the improvement of Jsc and Voc will be an ideal approach to get the desired sensitizers with good device efficiencies. Squaraines are far-red-active zwitterionic dyes and have a high molar extinction coefficient along with unique aggregation properties due to the large dipole moment associated with them. Here, we report a series of unsymmetrical squaraine dyes, SQS1 to SQS6, with systematic variation of alkyl groups at the sp3-C and N-atoms of the indoline unit that is away from the anchoring group to control the dye-dye interactions on the TiO2 surface. The branched alkyl groups help in modulating the self-assembly of sensitizers on the TiO2 surface, besides passivating the surface that helps avoid the charge recombination processes. Light harvesting efficiency and cyclic voltammetry studies of dye-sensitized TiO2 electrodes indicate that the aggregation and charge hopping process between the dye molecules can be modulated, respectively, by systematically increasing the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl groups. Such a variation in the branched alkyl group helps enhance Voc from 672 (SQS1) to 718 mV (SQS6) and Jsc from 7.95 (SQS1) to 12.22 mA/cm2 (SQS6), with the device efficiency ranging from 3.82% to 6.23% without any coadsorbent. Dye SQS4 achieves the highest efficiency of 7.1% (Voc = 715 mV, Jsc = 13.05 mA/cm2) with coadsorbent chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) using an iodine (I-/I3-) electrolyte compared to its analogues. An analysis of the incident photon-to-current efficiency profiles indicates that the major contribution to photocurrent generation is from the aggregated squaraine dyes on TiO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambarish Kumar Singh
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411008 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Ghaziabad 201002 , India
| | - Munavvar Fairoos Mele Kavungathodi
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411008 , India
| | - Jayaraj Nithyanandhan
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411008 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Ghaziabad 201002 , India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wasim Khan M, Zuo X, Yang Q, Tang H, Rehman KMU, Wu M, Li G. Quantum dot embedded N-doped functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes boost the short-circuit current of Ru(ii) based dye-sensitized solar cells. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:1046-1060. [PMID: 31845950 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09227g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report zinc sulfide quantum dots, ZnS(QDs), moored on N-doped functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) wrapped with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The MWCNTs have a tangled network, a particular surface area, and a distinctive hollow structure that may be suitable for use as a counter electrode (CE) material. A ZnS@N.f-MWCNTs@rGO composite as the CE on a fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was fabricated using a doctor blade technique. The electrochemical performance showed that at the electrolyte/CE interface, the ZnS(QDs) and N-doped functionalized MWCNTs wrapped with rGO (ZnS@N.f-MWCNTs@rGO) electrode has a lower transfer charge resistance (Rct) and a greater catalytic capacity than naked ZnS(QDs). A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.4% was attained for this DSSC gadget, which is higher than that of a DSSC gadget utilizing ZnS(QDs), ZnS@N.f-MWCNTs, ZnS@rGO and Pt. Also, the DSSC device using ZnS@N.f-MWCNTs@rGO had a fill factor (FF) that was better than the other counter electrodes. The cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) electron transfer measurements showed that ZnS@N.f-MWCNTs@rGO films can provide fast electron transfer from the electrolyte to the CE and great electrocatalytic activity to reduce triiodide to a CE based on ZnS@N.f-MWCNTs@rGO in the DSSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Wasim Khan
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Zuo
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Qun Yang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Huaibao Tang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China and Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Khalid Mehmood Ur Rehman
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China and Department of Physics, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Mingzai Wu
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China and Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Guang Li
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China and Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China and Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China. and Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rodrigues RR, Lee JM, Taylor NS, Cheema H, Chen L, Fortenberry RC, Delcamp JH, Jurss JW. Copper-based redox shuttles supported by preorganized tetradentate ligands for dye-sensitized solar cells. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:343-355. [PMID: 31825041 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04030g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Three copper redox shuttles ([Cu(1)]2+/1+, [Cu(2)]2+/1+, and [Cu(3)]2+/1+) featuring tetradentate ligands were synthesized and evaluated computationally, electrochemically, and in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) devices using a benchmark organic dye, Y123. Neutral polyaromatic ligands with limited flexibility were targeted as a strategy to improve solar-to-electrical energy conversion by reducing voltage losses associated with redox shuttle electron transfer events. Inner-sphere electron transfer reorganization energies (λ) were computed quantum chemically and compared to the commonly used [Co(bpy)3]3+/2+ redox shuttle which has a reported λ value of 0.61 eV. The geometrically constrained biphenyl-based Cu redox shuttles investigated here have lower reorganization energies (0.34-0.53 eV) and thus can potentially operate with lower driving forces for dye regeneration (ΔGreg) in DSC devices when compared to [Co(bpy)3]3+/2+-based devices. The rigid tetradentate ligand design promotes more efficient electron transfer reactions leading to an improved JSC (14.1 mA cm-2), higher stability due to the chelate effect, and a decrease in VlossOC for one of the copper redox shuttle-based devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta R Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cheema H, Watson J, Shinde PS, Rodrigues RR, Pan S, Delcamp JH. Precious metal-free solar-to-fuel generation: SSM-DSCs powering water splitting with NanoCOT and NiMoZn electrocatalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1569-1572. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09209a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A precious metal-free sequential series multijunction dye-sensitized solar cell (SSM-DSC)-powered water electrolysis system is demonstrated using NanoCOT and NiMoZn electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pravin S. Shinde
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa
- USA
| | | | - Shanlin Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Balamurugan S, Ganesan S. Novel cobalt redox materials admitted in natrosol polymer with a thiophene based additive as a gel polymer electrolyte to tune up the efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
45
|
Moon J, Shin W, Park JT, Jang H. Solid-State Solar Energy Conversion from WO 3 Nano and Microstructures with Charge Transportation and Light-Scattering Characteristics. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9121797. [PMID: 31861072 PMCID: PMC6956145 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Solar energy conversion devices composed of highly crystalline gel polymers with disk-WO3 nanostructure and plate-WO3 microstructures (D-WO3 and P-WO3, respectively) exhibited higher power conversion efficiency than those with a gel electrolyte. In this study, D-WO3 and P-WO3 were prepared using a hydrothermal process and their structural and morphological features were investigated for application in solar energy conversion devices. The P-WO3 solid-state electrolyte significantly enhanced the cell performance owing to its charge transportation and light-scattering characteristics. The P-WO3 solid-state electrolyte showed a power conversion efficiency of 6.3%, which is higher than those of the gel (4.2%) and D-WO3 solid-state (5.5%) electrolytes. The electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), intensity-modulated voltage spectroscopy (IMVS), diffuse reflectance, and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) analysis results showed that the P-WO3 solid-state electrolyte showed improved charge transportation and light scattering, and hence enhanced the cell performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Woojun Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, 20 Gwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Jung Tae Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.T.P.); (H.J.); Tel.: +82-2-450-3538 (J.T.P.); +82-2-940-8320 (H.J.)
| | - Hongje Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, 20 Gwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.T.P.); (H.J.); Tel.: +82-2-450-3538 (J.T.P.); +82-2-940-8320 (H.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Higashino T, Iiyama H, Nimura S, Kurumisawa Y, Imahori H. Effect of Ligand Structures of Copper Redox Shuttles on Photovoltaic Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Inorg Chem 2019; 59:452-459. [PMID: 31829578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, copper(I/II) complexes have emerged as alternative redox shuttles in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), exhibiting more positive redox potential than iodine- and cobalt-based redox shuttles. In particular, copper(I/II) complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline- or 2,2'-bipyridyl-based ligands attained moderate to high power conversion efficiencies (6-11%) with a high open-circuit voltage (VOC) over 1.0 V due to the positive potentials. Although copper(I/II) complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline-based ligands with 2,9-substituents have been developed, the effect of their ligand structures on the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs have not been fully addressed due to limited synthetic access to 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of copper(I/II) complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline ligands with different substituents at the 2,9-positions: bis(2-n-butyl-1,10-phenanthroline)copper(I/II) ([Cu(bp)2]1+/2+), bis(2-ethyl-9-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline)copper(I/II) ([Cu(emp)2]1+/2+), bis(2,9-diethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)copper(I/II) ([Cu(dep)2]1+/2+), and bis(2,9-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)copper(I/II) ([Cu(dpp)2]1+/2+). The more positive redox potentials of [Cu(emp)2]1+/2+ and [Cu(dep)2]1+/2+, compared to that of bis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)copper(I/II) ([Cu(dmp)2]1+/2+), originate from the larger steric hindrance of the ethyl group instead of the methyl group, whereas the redox potential of [Cu(bp)2]1+/2+ is significantly shifted to the negative direction because of the lower steric hindrance of the 2-monosubstituted 1,10-phenanthroline ligands. The efficiency of the DSSC with [Cu(bp)2]1+/2+ (5.90%) is almost comparable to the DSSC with [Cu(dmp)2]1+/2+ (6.29%). In contrast, the DSSCs with [Cu(emp)2]1+/2+ (3.25%), [Cu(dep)2]1+/2+ (2.56%), and [Cu(dpp)2]1+/2+ (2.21%) exhibited lower efficiencies than those with [Cu(dmp)2]1+/2+ and [Cu(bp)2]1+/2+. The difference can be rationalized by the electron collection efficiencies. Considering the similar photovoltaic properties of the DSSCs with [Cu(bp)2]1+/2+ and [Cu(dmp)2]1+/2+, the use of copper(I/II) complexes with 2-monosubstituted 1,10-phenanthroline ligands as the redox shuttle may be useful to improve the short-circuit current density while retaining the rather high VOC value when dyes with a smaller bandgap (i.e., better light harvesting) are developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Higashino
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Hitomi Iiyama
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Shimpei Nimura
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Yuma Kurumisawa
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Methodologies in Spectral Tuning of DSSC Chromophores through Rational Design and Chemical-Structure Engineering. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12244024. [PMID: 31817076 PMCID: PMC6947288 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of new photosensitizers for Grätzel-type organic dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) remains a topic of interest for researchers of alternative solar cell materials. Over the past 20 years, considerable and increasing research efforts have been devoted to the design and synthesis of new materials, based on "donor, π-conjugated bridge, acceptor" (D-π-A) organic dye photosensitizers. In this paper, the computational chemistry methods are outlined and the design of organic sensitizers (compounds, dyes) is discussed. With reference to recent literature reports, rational molecular design is demonstrated as an effective process to study structure-property relationships. Examples from established organic dye sensitizer structures, such as TA-St-CA, Carbz-PAHTDDT (S9), and metalloporphyrin (PZn-EDOT), are used as reference structures for an examination of this concept applied to generate systematically modified structural derivatives and hence new photosensitizers (i.e., dyes). Using computer-aided rational design (CARD), the in silico design of new chromophores targeted an improvement in spectral properties via the tuning of electronic structures by substitution of molecular fragments, as evaluated by the calculation of absorption profiles. This mini review provides important rational design strategies for engineering new organic light-absorbing compounds towards improved spectral absorption and related optoelectronic properties of chromophores for photovoltaic applications, including the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC).
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Zhang J, Hodes G, Jin Z, Liu S(F. All‐Inorganic CsPbX
3
Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Prospects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15596-15618. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science & Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Gary Hodes
- Department of Materials and Interfaces Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Zhiwen Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang J, Hodes G, Jin Z, Liu S(F. Anorganische CsPbX
3
‐Perowskit‐Solarzellen: Fortschritte und Perspektiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science & Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Gary Hodes
- Department of Materials and Interfaces Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Zhiwen Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|