1
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Vu D, Tan WL, He L, Ehm A, Zahn DRT, McNeill CR. Third Crystalline Form of P(NDI2OD-T2) with Pronounced End-on Texture. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:140-146. [PMID: 36638049 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of a third crystalline polymorph, "form III", of the well-studied electron-transporting conjugated polymer P(NDI2OD-T2) that exhibits end-on texture. This third polymorph of P(NDI2OD-T2) is distinguished from other polymorphs by having two monomer units incorporated along the backbone-stacking direction, resulting in a doubling of the c axis of the unit cell. Form III crystallites are realized by melt-annealing a thin film followed by slow cooling. The distinct packing of this third polymorph is established through the application of grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements combined with peak simulation of candidate unit cells. The discovery of a third polymorph of P(NDI2OD-T2) provides a fresh opportunity for studying structure/function relationships of this important semiconducting polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan Vu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wen Liang Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lu He
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.,Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Alexander Ehm
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.,Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.,Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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2
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Peng Z, Ye L, Ade H. Understanding, quantifying, and controlling the molecular ordering of semiconducting polymers: from novices to experts and amorphous to perfect crystals. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:577-606. [PMID: 34878458 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh00837k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular packing and texture of semiconducting polymers are often critical to the performance of devices using these materials. Although frameworks exist to quantify the ordering, interpretations are often just qualitative, resulting in imprecise use of terminology. Here, we reemphasize the significance of quantifying molecular ordering in terms of degree of crystallinity (volume fractions that are ordered) and quality of ordering and their relation to the size scale of an ordered region. We are motivated in part by our own imprecise and inconsistent use of terminology in the past, as well as the need to have a primer or tutorial reference to teach new group members. We strive to develop and use consistent terminology with regards to crystallinity, semicrystallinity, paracrystallinity, and related characteristics. To account for vastly different quality of ordering along different directions, we classify paracrystals into 2D and 3D paracrystals and use paracrystallite to describe the spatial extent of molecular ordering in 1-10 nm. We show that a deeper understanding of molecular ordering can be achieved by combining grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry, even though not all aspects of these measurements are consistent, and some classification appears to be method dependent. We classify a broad range of representative polymers under common processing conditions into five categories based on the quantitative analysis of the paracrystalline disorder parameter (g) and thermal transitions. A small database is presented for 13 representative conjugated and insulating polymers ranging from amorphous to semi-paracrystalline. Finally, we outline the challenges to rationally design more perfect polymer crystals and propose a new molecular design approach that envisions conceptual molecular grafting that is akin to strained and unstrained hetero-epitaxy in classic (compound) semiconductors thin film growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxing Peng
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
| | - Long Ye
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
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3
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Chiu KL, Ho JKW, Zhang C, Cheung SH, Yin H, Chan MH, So SK. Heat transfer in photovoltaic polymers and bulk‐heterojunctions investigated by scanning photothermal deflection technique. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Lok Chiu
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Johnny Ka Wai Ho
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chujun Zhang
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Sin Hang Cheung
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Mau Hing Chan
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Shu Kong So
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
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4
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Lee YU, Yim K, Bopp SE, Zhao J, Liu Z. Low-Loss Organic Hyperbolic Materials in the Visible Spectral Range: A Joint Experimental and First-Principles Study. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002387. [PMID: 32490592 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbolic media strengthen numerous attractive applications in optics such as super-resolution imaging, enhanced spontaneous emission, and nanoscale waveguiding. Natural hyperbolic materials exist at visible frequencies; however, implementations of these materials suffer substantial compromises resulting from the high loss in the currently available candidates. Here, the first experimental and theoretical investigation of regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophenes) (rr-P3ATs), a naturally low-loss organic hyperbolic material (OHM) in the visible frequency range, is shown. These hyperbolic properties arise from a highly ordered structure of layered electron-rich conjugated thiophene ring backbones separated by insulating alkyl side chains. The optical and electronic properties of the rr-P3AT can be tuned by controlling the degree of crystallinity and alkyl side chain length. First-principles calculations support the experimental observations, which result from the rr-P3AT's structural and optical anisotropy. Conveniently, rr-P3AT-based OHMs are facile to fabricate, flexible, and biocompatible, which may lead to tremendous new opportunities in a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ui Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kanghoon Yim
- Platform Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Steven Edward Bopp
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Junxiang Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhaowei Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
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5
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Pontoni D, DiMichiel M, Deutsch M. Temperature evolution of the bulk nano-structure in a homologous series of room temperature ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Li X, Du X, Lin H, Kong X, Li L, Zhou L, Zheng C, Tao S. Ternary System with Intermolecular Hydrogen Bond: Efficient Strategy to High-Performance Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15598-15606. [PMID: 30957482 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To boost organic solar cell (OSC) performance, numerous approaches have been developed, such as synthesizing new materials, using post-annealing (thermal or solvent annealing) or fabricating ternary devices. The ternary strategy is usually used as an uncomplicated and effective way, but how to choose the third component and the effect of interactions between materials on OSC performance still need to be clarified. Herein, we proposed a new finding that the carbonyl group of 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b'] dithiophene (ITIC) end groups can react with the dye molecule SR197 to form the N-H···O noncovalent interaction. The existence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectra and two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) was improved to 10.29% via doping SR197 into blends of PTB7-Th:ITIC, which exhibited a huge enhancement of approximately 30% compared with the binary OSCs (PCE = 7.92%). The ternary OSCs of PBDB-T:SR197:ITIC could also achieve high PCE (11.03%) without post-thermal or solvent annealing. Transmission electron microscopy and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering showed the optimized morphology and enhanced crystallinity of ternary systems, which is facilitated to exciton dissociation and charge transmission. These conclusions mean that the H-bonding strategy is an effective way for selecting the third component and could achieve high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Li
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Du
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
| | - Hui Lin
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
| | - Xiao Kong
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Li
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
| | - Caijun Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
| | - Silu Tao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
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7
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O’Hara K, Takacs CJ, Liu S, Cruciani F, Beaujuge P, Hawker CJ, Chabinyc ML. Effect of Alkyl Side Chains on Intercrystallite Ordering in Semiconducting Polymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn O’Hara
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Christopher J. Takacs
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Shengjian Liu
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Federico Cruciani
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre Beaujuge
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Michael L. Chabinyc
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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8
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Semidalas EC, Semidalas CE. Argo: a data analysis program for quantum chemical calculations. J Mol Model 2019; 25:82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-3975-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Krinichnyi VI, Yudanova EI, Bogatyrenko VR. Light-induced EPR study of spin-assisted charge transport in PFOT:PC61BM composite. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Biskup T. Structure-Function Relationship of Organic Semiconductors: Detailed Insights From Time-Resolved EPR Spectroscopy. Front Chem 2019; 7:10. [PMID: 30775359 PMCID: PMC6367236 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPV) is a promising technology to account for the increasing demand for energy in form of electricity. Whereas the last decades have seen tremendous progress in the field witnessed by the steady increase in efficiency of OPV devices, we still lack proper understanding of fundamental aspects of light-energy conversion, demanding for systematic investigation on a fundamental level. A detailed understanding of the electronic structure of semiconducting polymers and their building blocks is essential to develop efficient materials for organic electronics. Illuminating conjugated polymers not only leads to excited states, but sheds light on some of the most important aspects of device efficiency in organic electronics as well. The interplay between electronic structure, morphology, flexibility, and local ordering, while at the heart of structure-function relationship of organic electronic materials, is still barely understood. (Time-resolved) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is particularly suited to address these questions, allowing one to directly detect paramagnetic states and to reveal their spin-multiplicity, besides its clearly superior spectral resolution compared to optical methods. This article aims at giving a non-specialist audience an overview of what EPR spectroscopy and particularly its time-resolved variant (TREPR) can contribute to unraveling aspects of structure-function relationship in organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Biskup
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Matt C, Meyer DL, Lombeck F, Sommer M, Biskup T. TBT Entirely Dominates the Electronic Structure of the Conjugated Copolymer PCDTBT: Insights from Time-Resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Matt
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Deborah L. Meyer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Lombeck
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Till Biskup
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Gann E, Caironi M, Noh YY, Kim YH, McNeill CR. Diffractive X-ray Waveguiding Reveals Orthogonal Crystalline Stratification in Conjugated Polymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliot Gann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 26, Pil-dong, 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher R. McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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13
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Haddad J, Pontoni D, Murphy BM, Festersen S, Runge B, Magnussen OM, Steinrück HG, Reichert H, Ocko BM, Deutsch M. Surface structure evolution in a homologous series of ionic liquids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1100-E1107. [PMID: 29358372 PMCID: PMC5819424 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716418115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interfaces of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are important for both applications and basic science and are therefore intensely studied. However, the evolution of their interface structure with the cation's alkyl chain length [Formula: see text] from Coulomb to van der Waals interaction domination has not yet been studied for even a single broad homologous RTIL series. We present here such a study of the liquid-air interface for [Formula: see text], using angstrom-resolution X-ray methods. For [Formula: see text], a typical "simple liquid" monotonic surface-normal electron density profile [Formula: see text] is obtained, like those of water and organic solvents. For [Formula: see text], increasingly more pronounced nanoscale self-segregation of the molecules' charged moieties and apolar chains yields surface layering with alternating regions of headgroups and chains. The layering decays into the bulk over a few, to a few tens, of nanometers. The layering periods and decay lengths, their linear [Formula: see text] dependence, and slopes are discussed within two models, one with partial-chain interdigitation and the other with liquid-like chains. No surface-parallel long-range order is found within the surface layer. For [Formula: see text], a different surface phase is observed above melting. Our results also impact general liquid-phase issues like supramolecular self-aggregation and bulk-surface structure relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Haddad
- Physics Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Diego Pontoni
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, The European Synchrotron and Partnership for Soft Condensed Matter (PSCM), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bridget M Murphy
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven Festersen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Benjamin Runge
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Steinrück
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) Materials Science Division, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Harald Reichert
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, The European Synchrotron, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Benjamin M Ocko
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973
| | - Moshe Deutsch
- Physics Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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14
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez Á, Rebollar E, Ezquerra TA, Castillejo M, Garcia-Ramos JV, García-Gutiérrez MC. Patterning Conjugated Polymers by Laser: Synergy of Nanostructure Formation in the All-Polymer Heterojunction P3HT/PCDTBT. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:115-125. [PMID: 29232145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work we report a broad scenario for the patterning of semiconducting polymers by laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). Based on the LIPSS formation in the semicrystalline poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), we have extended the LIPSS fabrication to an essentially amorphous semiconducting polymer like poly[N-90-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(40,70-di-2-thienyl-20,10,30-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT). This polymer shows a good quality and well-ordered nanostructures not only at the 532 nm laser wavelength, as in the case of P3HT, but also at 266 nm providing gratings with smaller pitch. In addition, we have proven the feasibility of fabricating LIPSS in the P3HT/PCDTBT (1:1) blend, which can be considered as a model bulk-heterojunction for all-polymer solar cells. In spite of the heterogeneous roughness, due to phase separation in the blend, both P3HT and PCDTBT domains present well-defined LIPSS as well as a synergy for both components in the blend when irradiating at wavelengths of 532 and 266 nm. Both, P3HT and PCDTBT in the blend require lower fluence and less pulses in order to optimize LIPSS morphology than in the case of irradiating the homopolymers separately. Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure and Raman spectroscopy reveal a good chemical stability of both components in the blend thin films during LIPSS formation. In addition, scanning transmission X-ray spectro-microscopy shows that the mechanisms of LIPSS formation do not induce a further phase segregation neither a mixture of the components. Conducting atomic force microscopy reveals a heterogeneous electrical conductivity for the irradiated homopolymer and for the blend thin films, showing higher electrical conduction in the trenches than in the ridge regions of the LIPSS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Rebollar
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR-CSIC) , Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiberio A Ezquerra
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC) , Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Castillejo
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR-CSIC) , Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose V Garcia-Ramos
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC) , Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Jin YJ, Kwak G. Unusual, Highly Efficient Fluorescence Emission Enhancement of Conjugated Polymers with an Intramolecular Stack Structure through Thermal Annealing at High Temperature. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jae Jin
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Polymeric Nanomaterials Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Giseop Kwak
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Polymeric Nanomaterials Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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16
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Prunet G, Parrenin L, Pavlopoulou E, Pecastaings G, Brochon C, Hadziioannou G, Cloutet E. Aqueous PCDTBT:PC71
BM Photovoltaic Inks Made by Nanoprecipitation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Prunet
- Université de Bordeaux; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP); Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland Pessac CEDEX F-33607 France
| | - Laurie Parrenin
- Université de Bordeaux; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP); Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland Pessac CEDEX F-33607 France
| | - Eleni Pavlopoulou
- Université de Bordeaux; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP); Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland Pessac CEDEX F-33607 France
| | - Gilles Pecastaings
- Université de Bordeaux; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP); Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland Pessac CEDEX F-33607 France
| | - Cyril Brochon
- Université de Bordeaux; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP); Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland Pessac CEDEX F-33607 France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Université de Bordeaux; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP); Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland Pessac CEDEX F-33607 France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Université de Bordeaux; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP); Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland Pessac CEDEX F-33607 France
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17
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Pontoni D, Haddad J, Di Michiel M, Deutsch M. Self-segregated nanostructure in room temperature ionic liquids. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:6947-6955. [PMID: 28849840 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01464c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The nanosegregated bulk structure, and its evolution with the cation's alkyl length n, are studied by X-ray scattering for an unprecedentedly broad homologous series of a model room-temperature ionic liquid, [CnMIM][NTf2] (n = 4-22). A tri-periodic local structure is found, with the lateral periodicities, dII and dIII independent of n, and a longitudinal one, dI, linearly increasing with n. The results are consistent with a local structure comprising alternating layers of polar headgroups and apolar, interdigitated, partly overlapping, cations' alkyl tails, of an average macroscopic mass density close to that of liquid alkanes. A slope decrease in the linear dI(n) suggests a change from a lower to a higher rate of increase with n of chain overlap for n ≥ 12. The order decay lengths of the layering, and of the lateral chain packing, increase with n, as expected from the increasing van der Waals interaction's domination of the structure. The headgroups' lateral packing decay length decreases with n, due to increasing frustration between the longer lateral periodicity preferred by the headgroups, and the shorter lateral periodicity preferred by the chains. A comparison of the bulk and surface structures highlights the surface's ordering effect, which, however, does not induce here a surface phase different from the bulk, as it does in liquid crystals and liquid alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Pontoni
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron and Partnership for Soft Condensed Matter (PSCM), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
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18
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Nugroho FAA, Diaz de Zerio Mendaza A, Lindqvist C, Antosiewicz TJ, Müller C, Langhammer C. Plasmonic Nanospectroscopy for Thermal Analysis of Organic Semiconductor Thin Films. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2575-2582. [PMID: 28194946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are key materials for the next generation thin film electronic devices like field-effect transistors, light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. Accurate thermal analysis is essential for the fundamental understanding of these materials, for device design, stability studies, and quality control because the desired nanostructures are often far from thermodynamic equilibrium and therefore tend to evolve with time and temperature. However, classical experimental techniques are insufficient because the active layer of most organoelectronic device architectures is typically only on the order of a hundred nanometers or less. Scrutinizing the thermal properties in this size range is, however, critical because strong deviations of the thermal properties from bulk values due to confinement effects and pronounced influence of the substrate become significant. Here, we introduce plasmonic nanospectroscopy as an experimental approach to scrutinize the thickness dependence of the thermal stability of semicrystalline, liquid-crystalline, and glassy organic semiconductor thin films down to the sub-100 nm film thickness regime. In summary, we find a pronounced thickness dependence of the glass transition temperature of ternary polymer/fullerene blend thin films and their constituents, which can be resolved with exceptional precision by the plasmonic nanospectroscopy method, which relies on remarkably simple instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tomasz J Antosiewicz
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw , Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Dai S, Zhao F, Zhang Q, Lau TK, Li T, Liu K, Ling Q, Wang C, Lu X, You W, Zhan X. Fused Nonacyclic Electron Acceptors for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1336-1343. [PMID: 28059503 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 752] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We design and synthesize four fused-ring electron acceptors based on 6,6,12,12-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-indacenobis(dithieno[3,2-b;2',3'-d]thiophene) as the electron-rich unit and 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanones with 0-2 fluorine substituents as the electron-deficient units. These four molecules exhibit broad (550-850 nm) and strong absorption with high extinction coefficients of (2.1-2.5) × 105 M-1 cm-1. Fluorine substitution downshifts the LUMO energy level, red-shifts the absorption spectrum, and enhances electron mobility. The polymer solar cells based on the fluorinated electron acceptors exhibit power conversion efficiencies as high as 11.5%, much higher than that of their nonfluorinated counterpart (7.7%). We investigate the effects of the fluorine atom number and position on electronic properties, charge transport, film morphology, and photovoltaic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuixing Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Fuwen Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Tsz-Ki Lau
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong , New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qidan Ling
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong , New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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20
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Yang X, Zheng F, Xu W, Bi P, Feng L, Liu J, Hao X. Improving the Compatibility of Donor Polymers in Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells via Post-Additive Soaking Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:618-627. [PMID: 27959487 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In dual-donor ternary organic solar cells, the compatibility between the donor polymers plays important roles to control the conformational change and govern the photophysical behavior in the blend films. Here, we apply a post-additive soaking (PAS) approach to reconstruct the morphology in a ternary organic photovoltaic BHJ of PTB7-Th: PCDTBT: PC71BM. The PAS-treated device has a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of about 8.7% in this ternary system. From the analyses of GIWAXS and GISAXS, the superior device performance is attributed to the favorable nanomorphology with optimum crystallinity of PTB7-Th and good intermixing of PCDTBT with PTB7-Th:PC71BM, leading to improved charge transport in the vertical direction. AFM and TRPL measurements clearly demonstrate PAS-treated film envisages a homogeneous distribution of smaller PC71BM aggregates to facilitate the exciton dissociation and carrier extraction at the interface. The increased PCE ascribed to not only the enhancement of absorption and nonradiative Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two donors (PCDTBT and PTB7-Th) but also the formation of a bicontinuous interpenetrating network of PC71BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Fei Zheng
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Weilong Xu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Pengqing Bi
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jianqiang Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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21
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Jia B, Wu Y, Zhao F, Yan C, Zhu S, Cheng P, Mai J, Lau TK, Lu X, Su CJ, Wang C, Zhan X. Rhodanine flanked indacenodithiophene as non-fullerene acceptor for efficient polymer solar cells. Sci China Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Franco FC, Padama AAB. DFT and TD-DFT study on the structural and optoelectronic characteristics of chemically modified donor-acceptor conjugated oligomers for organic polymer solar cells. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Cheng P, Yan C, Lau TK, Mai J, Lu X, Zhan X. Molecular Lock: A Versatile Key to Enhance Efficiency and Stability of Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5822-5829. [PMID: 27158774 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
4,4'-Biphenol (BPO), a common, cheap chemical, is employed as a "molecular lock" in blends of fluorine-containing polymer or small molecule donors and fullerene acceptors to lock donors via hydrogen bond formed between the donor and BPO. The molecular lock is a versatile key to enhance the efficiency and stability of organic solar cells simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cenqi Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Tsz-Ki Lau
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jiangquan Mai
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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24
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Synooka O, Eberhardt KR, Balko J, Thurn-Albrecht T, Gobsch G, Mitchell W, Berny S, Carrasco-Orozco M, Hoppe H. Thermally stable and efficient polymer solar cells based on a novel donor-acceptor copolymer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:254001. [PMID: 27242024 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/25/254001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report high photovoltaic performance of a novel donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymer poly[2,6[4,8-bis(2-ethyl-hexyl)benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophene-co-2,5-thiophene-co-4,7[5,6-bis-octyloxy-benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole]-co-2,5-thiophene] (PBDTTBTZT) in bulk heterojunctions with [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM). A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of more than 7% is obtained for optimized charge-extracting electrodes. Upon application of thermal stress via annealing, a superior thermal stability is demonstrated as compared to poly[N-9″-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT).
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Affiliation(s)
- O Synooka
- Institute of Physics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
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25
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Lin Y, He Q, Zhao F, Huo L, Mai J, Lu X, Su CJ, Li T, Wang J, Zhu J, Sun Y, Wang C, Zhan X. A Facile Planar Fused-Ring Electron Acceptor for As-Cast Polymer Solar Cells with 8.71% Efficiency. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2973-6. [PMID: 26909887 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A planar fused-ring electron acceptor (IC-C6IDT-IC) based on indacenodithiophene is designed and synthesized. IC-C6IDT-IC shows strong absorption in 500-800 nm with extinction coefficient of up to 2.4 × 10(5) M(-1) cm(-1) and high electron mobility of 1.1 × 10(-3) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). The as-cast polymer solar cells based on IC-C6IDT-IC without additional treatments exhibit power conversion efficiencies of up to 8.71%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.,Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University , Beijing 100048, China.,Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qiao He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fuwen Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lijun Huo
- Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiangquan Mai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30076, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingshuai Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University , Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanming Sun
- Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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26
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez Á, Soccio M, Martínez-Tong DE, Ezquerra TA, Watts B, García-Gutiérrez MC. Competition between phase separation and structure confinement in P3HT/PCDTBT heterojunctions: Influence on nanoscale charge transport. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Impact of alkoxyl tail of fullerene dyad acceptor on crystalline microstructure for efficient external treatment-free polymer solar cells with poly(3-hexylthiophene) as donor. Chem Res Chin Univ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-015-5184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Absorption-induced scattering and surface plasmon out-coupling from absorber-coated plasmonic metasurfaces. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7899. [PMID: 26271900 PMCID: PMC4557133 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between absorbers and plasmonic metasurfaces can give rise to unique optical properties not present for either of the individual materials and can influence the performance of a host of optical sensing and thin-film optoelectronic applications. Here we identify three distinct mode types of absorber-coated plasmonic metasurfaces: localized and propagating surface plasmons and a previously unidentified optical mode type called absorption-induced scattering. The extinction of the latter mode type can be tuned by controlling the morphology of the absorber coating and the spectral overlap of the absorber with the plasmonic modes. Furthermore, we show that surface plasmons are backscattered when the crystallinity of the absorber is low but are absorbed for more crystalline absorber coatings. This work furthers our understanding of light–matter interactions between absorbers and surface plasmons to enable practical optoelectronic applications of metasurfaces. Plasmonic surfaces are used as two-dimensional metamaterials for light manipulation on nanoscale, and their optical properties can be further tuned by coating. Here the authors report a new absorption-induced scattering mode in a silver nanoparticle array coated with semiconducting organic absorbers.
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29
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Biskup T, Sommer M, Rein S, Meyer DL, Kohlstädt M, Würfel U, Weber S. Zeitaufgelöste Elektronenspinresonanz-Spektroskopie an Triplett-Exzitonen deckt Ordnung von PCDTBT auf. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Lu L, Chen W, Xu T, Yu L. High-performance ternary blend polymer solar cells involving both energy transfer and hole relay processes. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7327. [PMID: 26041586 PMCID: PMC4468850 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of multiple materials with complementary absorptions into a single junction device is regarded as an efficient way to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, because of increased complexity with one more component, only limited high-performance ternary systems have been demonstrated previously. Here we report an efficient ternary blend OSC with a PCE of 9.2%. We show that the third component can reduce surface trap densities in the ternary blend. Detailed studies unravel that the improved performance results from synergistic effects of enlarged open circuit voltage, suppressed trap-assisted recombination, enhanced light absorption, increased hole extraction, efficient energy transfer and better morphology. The working mechanism and high device performance demonstrate new insights and design guidelines for high-performance ternary blend solar cells and suggest that ternary structure is a promising platform to boost the efficiency of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- 1] Division of Materials Science, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA [2] Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5747 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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31
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Jiang F, Choy WCH, Li X, Zhang D, Cheng J. Post-treatment-Free Solution-Processed Non-stoichiometric NiO(x) Nanoparticles for Efficient Hole-Transport Layers of Organic Optoelectronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:2930-7. [PMID: 25820687 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, PR China
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32
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Biskup T, Sommer M, Rein S, Meyer DL, Kohlstädt M, Würfel U, Weber S. Ordering of PCDTBT Revealed by Time-Resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Its Triplet Excitons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7707-10. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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33
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Efficient organic photovoltaics utilizing nanoscale heterojunctions in sequentially deposited polymer/fullerene bilayer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8373. [PMID: 25670623 PMCID: PMC4323664 DOI: 10.1038/srep08373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient sequentially deposited bilayer (SD-bilayer) of polymer/fullerene organic photovoltaic (OPV) device is developed via the solution process. Herein, we resolve two essential problems regarding the construction of an efficient SD-bilayer OPV. First, the solution process fabrication of the SD-bilayer is resolved by incorporating an ordering agent (OA) to the polymer solution, which improves the ordering of the polymer chain and prevents the bottom-layer from dissolving into the top-layer solution. Second, a non-planar heterojunction with a large surface area is formed by the incorporation of a heterojunction agent (HA) to the top-layer solution. Poly[[9-(1-octylnonyl)-9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl-2,5-thiophenediyl] (PCDTBT) is used for the bottom-layer and phenyl-C71-butyric-acid-methyl ester (PC70BM) is used for the top-layer. The SD-bilayer OPV produced utilizing both an OA and HA exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.12% with a high internal quantum efficiency (IQE). We believe our bilayer system affords a new way of forming OPVs distinct from bulk heterojunction (BHJ) systems and offers a chance to reconsider the polymers that have thus far shown unsatisfactory performance in BHJ systems.
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34
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Kim CH, Hlaing H, Payne MM, Parkin SR, Anthony JE, Kymissis I. Difluorinated 6,13-Bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene: Synthesis, Crystallinity, and Charge-Transport Properties. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:1251-7. [PMID: 25640856 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fluorination has been demonstrated to improve stability and processing in thiophene-containing small-molecule semiconductors. Here, the impact of partial fluorination on these parameters in a pentacene derivative is examined. Although the improvement in photostability is not as dramatic, there is a clear improvement in the stability of the chromophore upon fluorination. The improvement in processability is more dramatic; devices formed by spin-coating with the fluorinated derivative perform substantially better than those formed from the nonfluorinated compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hyun Kim
- LPICM, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau (France); Current address: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712 (Republic of Korea).
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35
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Leman D, Kelly MA, Ness S, Engmann S, Herzing A, Snyder C, Ro HW, Kline RJ, DeLongchamp DM, Richter LJ. In Situ Characterization of Polymer–Fullerene Bilayer Stability. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5021227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Leman
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Mary Allison Kelly
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Stuart Ness
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sebastian Engmann
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Andrew Herzing
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Chad Snyder
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Hyun Wook Ro
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - R. Joseph Kline
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Dean M. DeLongchamp
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lee J. Richter
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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36
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Mai J, Lau TK, Xiao T, Su CJ, Jeng US, Zhao N, Xiao X, Lu X. Ternary morphology facilitated thick-film organic solar cell. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17268c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We applied a ternary morphology to enhance light harvesting of a thick-film polymer solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangquan Mai
- Department of Physics
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- New Territories
- Hong Kong
| | - Tsz-Ki Lau
- Department of Physics
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- New Territories
- Hong Kong
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- New Territories
- Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
- Hsinchu Science Park
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - U-ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
- Hsinchu Science Park
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Ni Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- New Territories
- Hong Kong
| | - Xudong Xiao
- Department of Physics
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- New Territories
- Hong Kong
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- New Territories
- Hong Kong
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37
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Maiz J, Muñoz Rojo M, Abad B, Wilson AA, Nogales A, Borca-Tasciuc DA, Borca-Tasciuc T, Martín-González M. Enhancement of thermoelectric efficiency of doped PCDTBT polymer films. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13452h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PCDTBT films doped with FeCl3 present a large power factor of 24 μW m−1 K−2 at 150 °C and a thermal conductivity of 1 W m−1 K−1 for the same film. This improvement is mainly achieved by up to 9 orders of magnitude increased in the electric conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Maiz
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC)
- Madrid
- Spain
| | | | - Begoña Abad
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC)
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Adam Andrew Wilson
- Department of Mechanical
- Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy
- USA
| | - Aurora Nogales
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC)
- 28006 Madrid
- Spain
| | | | - Theodorian Borca-Tasciuc
- Department of Mechanical
- Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy
- USA
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38
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Krinichnyi VI, Yudanova EI, Denisov NN. The role of spin exchange in charge transfer in low-bandgap polymer: Fullerene bulk heterojunctions. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:044906. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4890995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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39
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Takacs CJ, Brady MA, Treat ND, Kramer EJ, Chabinyc ML. Quadrites and crossed-chain crystal structures in polymer semiconductors. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:3096-3101. [PMID: 24820648 DOI: 10.1021/nl500150t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Many high-performance conjugated polymers for organic photovoltaics and transistors crystallize such that chains are parallel, resulting in significant anisotropy of the nanoscale charge transport properties. Here we demonstrate an unusual intercrystallite relationship where thin lamellae adopt a preferred epitaxial relationship with crossed-chains at the interface. The crossed-chains may allow either crystal to use the other as an "electronic shunt", creating efficient quasi-three-dimensional transport pathways that reduce the severity of grain boundaries and defects in limiting transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Takacs
- Department of Physics, Broida Hall, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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40
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Xiao T, Xu H, Grancini G, Mai J, Petrozza A, Jeng US, Wang Y, Xin X, Lu Y, Choon NS, Xiao H, Ong BS, Lu X, Zhao N. Molecular packing and electronic processes in amorphous-like polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells with fullerene intercalation. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5211. [PMID: 24909640 PMCID: PMC4048884 DOI: 10.1038/srep05211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interpenetrating morphology formed by the electron donor and acceptor materials is critical for the performance of polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaic (PV) cells. In this work we carried out a systematic investigation on a high PV efficiency (>6%) BHJ system consisting of a newly developed 5,6-difluorobenzo[c]125 thiadiazole-based copolymer, PFBT-T20TT, and a fullerene derivative. Grazing incidence X-ray scattering measurements reveal the lower-ordered nature of the BHJ system as well as an intermixing morphology with intercalation of fullerene molecules between the PFBT-T20TT lamella. Steady-state and transient photo-induced absorption spectroscopy reveal ultrafast charge transfer (CT) at the PFBT-T20TT/fullerene interface, indicating that the CT process is no longer limited by exciton diffusion. Furthermore, we extracted the hole mobility based on the space limited current (SCLC) model and found that more efficient hole transport is achieved in the PFBT-T20TT:fullerene BHJ as compared to pure PFBT-T20TT, showing a different trend as compared to the previously reported highly crystalline polymer:fullerene blend with a similar intercalation manner. Our study correlates the fullerene intercalated polymer lamella morphology with device performance and provides a coherent model to interpret the high photovoltaic performance of some of the recently developed weakly-ordered BHJ systems based on conjugated polymers with branched side-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Haihua Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Giulia Grancini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Jiangquan Mai
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Annamaria Petrozza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| | - Xin Xin
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| | - Yong Lu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| | - Ng Siu Choon
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| | - Hu Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Beng S Ong
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Creativity, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ni Zhao
- 1] Department of Electronic Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong [2] Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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41
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Martín J, Muñoz M, Encinar M, Calleja M, Martín-González M. Fabrication and mechanical characterization of semi-free-standing (conjugated) polymer thin films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:5217-5223. [PMID: 24111564 DOI: 10.1021/la4032267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polymers undergo severe low-dimensionality effects when they are confined to ultrathin films since most of the structural and dynamical processes involving polymer molecules are correlated to length scales of the order of nanometers. However, the real influence of the size limitation over such processes is often hard to identify as it is masked by interfacial effects. We present the fabrication of a new type of nanostructure consisting of poly[[9-(1-octylnonyl)-9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl-2,5-thiophenediyl] (PCDTBT) thin film that is held up exclusively over tips of poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) nanopillars. The fabrication method exploits the nonwetting behavior of PCDTBT onto an ordered PEEK nanopillar array when the mobility of the PCDTBT molecules is enhanced by a solvent annealing process. We use this new configuration to characterize the mechanical behavior of free-standing thin film regions, thus in the absence of underlaying substrate, by means of an atomic force microscope (AFM) setup. First, we study how the finite thickness and/or the presence of the underlying substrate influences the mechanical modulus of the material in the linear elastic regime. Moreover, we analyze deep indentations up to the rupture of the thin film, which allow for the measurement of important mechanical features of the nanoconfined polymer, such as its yield strain, the rupture strain, the bending rigidity, etc., which are impossible to investigate in thin films deposited on substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Martín
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (IMM-CSIC) , Calle de Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
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42
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He M, Wang M, Lin C, Lin Z. Optimization of molecular organization and nanoscale morphology for high performance low bandgap polymer solar cells. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:3984-3994. [PMID: 24481029 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06298h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Rational design and synthesis of low bandgap (LBG) polymers with judiciously tailored HOMO and LUMO levels have emerged as a viable route to high performance polymer solar cells with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 10%. In addition to engineering the energy-level of LBG polymers, the photovoltaic performance of LBG polymer-based solar cells also relies on the device architecture, in particular the fine morphology of the photoactive layer. The nanoscale interpenetrating networks composed of nanostructured donor and acceptor phases are the key to providing a large donor-acceptor interfacial area for maximizing the exciton dissociation and offering a continuous pathway for charge transport. In this Review Article, we summarize recent strategies for tuning the molecular organization and nanoscale morphology toward an enhanced photovoltaic performance of LBG polymer-based solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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43
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Wong HC, Li Z, Tan CH, Zhong H, Huang Z, Bronstein H, McCulloch I, Cabral JT, Durrant JR. Morphological stability and performance of polymer-fullerene solar cells under thermal stress: the impact of photoinduced PC60BM oligomerization. ACS NANO 2014; 8:1297-308. [PMID: 24401106 DOI: 10.1021/nn404687s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We report a general light processing strategy for organic solar cells (OSC) that exploits the propensity of the fullerene derivative PC60BM to photo-oligomerize, which is capable of both stabilizing the polymer:PC60BM active layer morphology and enhancing the device stability under thermal annealing. The observations hold for blends of PC60BM with an array of benchmark donor polymer systems, including P3HT, DPP-TT-T, PTB7, and PCDTBT. The morphology and kinetics of the thermally induced PC60BM crystallization within the blend films are investigated as a function of substrate and temperature. PC60BM nucleation rates on SiOx substrates exhibit a pronounced peak profile with temperature, whose maximum is polymer and blend-composition dependent. Modest illumination (<10 mW/cm(2)) significantly suppresses nucleation, which is quantified as function of dose, but does not affect crystalline shape or growth, in the micrometer range. On PEDOT:PSS substrates, thermally induced PC60BM aggregation is observed on smaller (≈ 100 nm) length scales, depending upon donor polymer, and also suppressed by light exposure. The concurrent thermal dissociation process of PC60BM oligomers in blend films is also investigated and the activation energy of the fullerene-fullerene bond is estimated to be 0.96 ± 0.04 eV. Following light processing, the thermal stability, and thus lifetime, of PCDTBT:PC60BM devices increases for annealing times up to 150 h. In contrast, PCDTBT:PC70BM OSCs are found to be largely light insensitive. The results are rationalized in terms of the suppression of PC60BM micro- and nanoscopic crystallization processes upon thermal annealing caused by photoinduced PC60BM oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Him Cheng Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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44
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Lin JY, Zhu WS, Liu F, Xie LH, Zhang L, Xia R, Xing GC, Huang W. A Rational Molecular Design of β-Phase Polydiarylfluorenes: Synthesis, Morphology, and Organic Lasers. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402585n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yi Lin
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Sai Zhu
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangsu-Singapore Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio- Electronics & Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing-Tech. University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Hai Xie
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Jiangsu-Singapore Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio- Electronics & Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing-Tech. University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ruidong Xia
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Chuan Xing
- Jiangsu-Singapore Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio- Electronics & Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing-Tech. University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Jiangsu-Singapore Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio- Electronics & Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing-Tech. University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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45
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Wang HW, Pentzer E, Emrick T, Russell TP. Preparation of Low Band Gap Fibrillar Structures by Solvent-Induced Crystallization. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:30-34. [PMID: 35632865 DOI: 10.1021/mz400431s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solvent-induced crystallization of the low band gap polymer poly[N-9″-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) was shown to give fibril-like structures of 40-60 nm width and ∼0.5 μm length. These structures, formed by heating and cooling PCDTBT in a marginal solvent for the polymer, were characterized by AFM, TEM, GI-WAXS, and steady state absorption and emission spectroscopy. The width of the PCDTBT structures suggests that the polymer chains are oriented perpendicular to the fiber axis, while the observed undulated structure, as revealed by AFM, suggests that the nanostructures may be composed of smaller crystalline units that associate preferentially on specific faces of the crystals. The spectroscopic signatures of the suspended PCDTBT fibrils resembled that of the polymer in solution, in contrast to features associated with the fibril formation of the well-known conjugated polymer poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT). The solution-based crystallization of PCDTBT reported herein offers insight into the self-assembly of conjugated polymers toward better understanding of their role in photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Wei Wang
- Polymer Science and Engineering
Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Emily Pentzer
- Polymer Science and Engineering
Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and Engineering
Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering
Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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46
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Song KW, Choi MH, Lee JY, Moon DK. Opto-electrical and density functional theory analysis of poly(2,7-carbazole-alt-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione) and photovoltaic behaviors of bulk heterojunction structure. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Performance enhancement of fullerene-based solar cells by light processing. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2227. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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48
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Lee W, Kim GH, Jeong E, Wang X, Yum S, Ko SJ, Hwang S, Kim JY, Woo HY. Dithieno[3,2-b
:2′,3′-d
]pyrrole and Benzothiadiazole-Based Semicrystalline Copolymer for Photovoltaic Devices with Indene-C60
Bisadduct. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wonho Lee
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering (WCU); Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hwan Kim
- Interdisciplinary School of Green Energy, KIER-UNIST Advanced Center for Energy; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); BanYeon-Ri 194 Ulsan 689-798 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjae Jeong
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering (WCU); Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering (WCU); Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjib Yum
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering (WCU); Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Jin Ko
- Interdisciplinary School of Green Energy, KIER-UNIST Advanced Center for Energy; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); BanYeon-Ri 194 Ulsan 689-798 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungu Hwang
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering (WCU); Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Interdisciplinary School of Green Energy, KIER-UNIST Advanced Center for Energy; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); BanYeon-Ri 194 Ulsan 689-798 Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering (WCU); Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Republic of Korea
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49
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Gemünden P, Poelking C, Kremer K, Andrienko D, Daoulas KC. Nematic Ordering, Conjugation, and Density of States of Soluble Polymeric Semiconductors. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400646a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gemünden
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- InnovationLab GmbH, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carl Poelking
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Denis Andrienko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kostas Ch. Daoulas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- InnovationLab GmbH, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
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50
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Qian D, Ma W, Li Z, Guo X, Zhang S, Ye L, Ade H, Tan Z, Hou J. Molecular Design toward Efficient Polymer Solar Cells with High Polymer Content. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:8464-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja402971d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- The
New and Renewable Energy of
Beijing Key Laboratory, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
27695, United States
| | - Zhaojun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Long Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
27695, United States
| | - Zhan’ao Tan
- The
New and Renewable Energy of
Beijing Key Laboratory, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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