1
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Gaurav KV, Rai H, Singh KRB, Sharma S, Ando Y, Pandey SS. Clarifying the Dominant Role of Crystallinity and Molecular Orientation in Differently Processed Thin Films of Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene). MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:677. [PMID: 38930647 PMCID: PMC11205662 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) offer the potential for sustainable semiconductor devices due to their low cost and inherent molecular self-assembly. Enhanced crystallinity and molecular orientation in thin films of solution-processable CPs have significantly improved organic electronic device performance. In this work, three methods, namely spin coating, dip coating, and unidirectional floating-film transfer method (UFTM), were utilized with their parametric optimization for fabricating RR-P3HT films. These films were then utilized for their characterization via optical and microstructural analysis to elucidate dominant roles of molecular orientation and crystallinity in controlling charge transport in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). OFETs fabricated by RR-P3HT thin films using spin coating and dip coating displayed field-effect mobility (μ) of 8.0 × 10-4 cm2V-1s-1 and 1.3 × 10-3 cm2V-1s-1, respectively. This two-time enhancement in µ for dip-coated films was attributed to its enhanced crystallinity. Interestingly, UFTM film-based OFETs demonstrated μ of 7.0 × 10-2 cm2V-1s-1, >100 times increment as compared to its spin-coated counterpart. This superior device performance is attributed to the synergistic influence of higher crystallinity and molecular orientation. Since the crystallinity of dip-coated and UFTM-thin films are similar, ~50 times improved µ of UFTM thin films, this suggests a dominant role of molecular orientation as compared to crystallinity in controlling the charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shyam S. Pandey
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 808-0196, Fukuoka, Japan; (K.V.G.); (H.R.); (K.R.S.); (S.S.); (Y.A.)
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2
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Li P, Huang X, Zhao YP. Electro-capillary peeling of thin films. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6150. [PMID: 37788992 PMCID: PMC10547721 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thin films are widely-used functional materials that have attracted much interest in academic and industrial applications. With thin films becoming micro/nanoscale, developing a simple and nondestructive peeling method for transferring and reusing the films remains a major challenge. Here, we develop an electro-capillary peeling strategy that achieves thin film detachment by driving liquid to percolate and spread into the bonding layer under electric fields, immensely reducing the deformation and strain of the film compared with traditional methods (reaching 86%). Our approach is evaluated via various applied voltages and films, showing active control characterizations and being appropriate for a broad range of films. Theoretically, electro-capillary peeling is achieved by utilizing the Maxwell stress to compete with the film's adhesion stress and tension stress. This work shows the great potential of the electro-capillary peeling method to provide a simple way to transfer films and facilitates valid avenues for reusing soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiliu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianfu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Pu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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3
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Shi J, Albreiki F, Yamil J Colón, Srivastava S, Whitmer JK. Transfer Learning Facilitates the Prediction of Polymer-Surface Adhesion Strength. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:4631-4640. [PMID: 37068204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) accelerates the exploration of material properties and their links to the structure of the underlying molecules. In previous work [Shi et al. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2022, 14, 37161-37169.], ML models were applied to predict the adhesive free energy of polymer-surface interactions with high accuracy from the knowledge of the sequence data, demonstrating successes in inverse-design of polymer sequence for known surface compositions. While the method was shown to be successful in designing polymers for a known surface, extensive data sets were needed for each specific surface in order to train the surrogate models. Ideally, one should be able to infer information about similar surfaces without having to regenerate a full complement of adhesion data for each new case. In the current work, we demonstrate a transfer learning (TL) technique using a deep neural network to improve the accuracy of ML models trained on small data sets by pretraining on a larger database from a related system and fine-tuning the weights of all layers with a small amount of additional data. The shared knowledge from the pretrained model facilitates the prediction accuracy significantly on small data sets. We also explore the limits of database size on accuracy and the optimal tuning of network architecture and parameters for our learning tasks. While applied to a relatively simple coarse-grained (CG) polymer model, the general lessons of this study apply to detailed modeling studies and the broader problems of inverse materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Fahed Albreiki
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yamil J Colón
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, Center for Biological Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Institute for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center for Biological Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jonathan K Whitmer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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4
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Zou D, He Z, Chen M, Yan L, Guo Y, Gao G, Li C, Piao Y, Cheng X, Chan PKL. Dry Lithography Patterning of Monolayer Flexible Field Effect Transistors by 2D Mica Stamping. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211600. [PMID: 36841244 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on 2D monolayer organic semiconductors (OSC) have demonstrated promising potentials for various applications, such as light emitting diode (LED) display drivers, logic circuits, and wearable electrocardiography (ECG) sensors. To date, the fabrications of this class of highly crystallized 2D organic semiconductors (OSC) are dominated by solution shearing. As these organic active layers are only a few molecular layers thick, their compatibilities with conventional thermal evaporated top electrodes or sophisticated photolithography patterning are very limited, which also restricts their device density. Here, an electrode transfer stamp and a semiconductor patterning stamp are developed to fabricate OFETs with channel lengths down to 3 µm over a large area without using any chemicals or causing any damage to the active layer. 2D 2,9-didecyldinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (C10 -DNTT) monolayer OFETs developed by this new approach shows decent performance properties with a low threshold voltage (VTH ) less than 0.5 V, intrinsic mobility higher than 10 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a subthreshold swing (SS) less than 100 mV dec-1 . The proposed patterning approach is completely comparable with ultraflexible parylene substrate less than 2 µm thick. By further reducing the channel length down to 2 µm and using the monolayer OFET in an AC/DC rectifying circuit, the measured cutoff frequency is up to 17.3 MHz with an input voltage of 4 V. The newly proposed electrode transfer and patterning stamps have addressed the long-lasting compatibility problem of depositing electrodes onto 2D organic monolayer and the semiconductor patterning. It opens a new path to reduce the fabrication cost and simplify the manufacturing process of high-density OFETs for more advanced electronic or biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Zou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhenfei He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Guoyun Gao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhe Piao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xing Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Paddy K L Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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5
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Long Z, Miyatake K. Protocol for synthesis and characterization of ePTFE reinforced, sulfonated polyphenylene in the application to proton exchange membrane fuel cells. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101049. [PMID: 34977688 PMCID: PMC8689346 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonated polyphenylenes (SPPs) are one of the most promising polymers as proton exchange membranes for fuel cells (PEMFCs) because of their high proton conductivity, gas impermeability, and chemical and thermal stability. Mechanical stability needs further improvement for practical applications. Here we describe a protocol for the preparation and characterization of tetrafluorophenylene-containing SPP (SPP-TP-f) membranes reinforced with double porous ePTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) thin layers. The protocol also includes performance and durability evaluation of fuel cells using the reinforced membranes. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Long and Miyatake (2021a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Long
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyatake
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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6
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Ayodele O, Pourianejad S, Trofe A, Prokofjevs A, Ignatova T. Application of Soxhlet Extractor for Ultra-clean Graphene Transfer. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:7297-7303. [PMID: 35252719 PMCID: PMC8892648 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface contamination experienced during polymer-assisted transfer is detrimental for optical and electrical properties of 2D materials. This contamination is usually due to incomplete polymer removal and also due to impurities present in organic solvents. Here, we report a simple, economical, and highly efficient approach for obtaining pristine graphene on a suitable substrate (e.g., SiO2/Si) by utilizing Soxhlet extraction apparatus for delicate removal of the polymer with a freshly distilled ultrapure solvent (acetone) in a continuous fashion. Excellent structural and morphological qualities of the material thus produced were confirmed using optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Compared to the conventional protocol, graphene produced by the current approach has a lower residual polymer content, leading to a root mean square roughness of only 1.26 nm. The amount of strain and doping was found to be similar, but the D-band, which is indicative of the defects, was less pronounced in the samples prepared by Soxhlet-assisted transfer. The new procedure is virtually effortless from the experimental point of view, utilizes much less solvent compared to the conventional washing procedure, and allows for easy scale-up. Extension of this process to other 2D materials would not only provide samples with superior intrinsic properties but also enhance their suitability for advanced technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubunmi
O. Ayodele
- Department
of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Sajedeh Pourianejad
- Department
of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Anthony Trofe
- Department
of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Aleksandrs Prokofjevs
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina Agricultural
and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
| | - Tetyana Ignatova
- Department
of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
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7
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Relaxation behavior of polymer thin films: Effects of free surface, buried interface, and geometrical confinement. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Miyake J, Watanabe T, Shintani H, Sugawara Y, Uchida M, Miyatake K. Reinforced Polyphenylene Ionomer Membranes Exhibiting High Fuel Cell Performance and Mechanical Durability. ACS MATERIALS AU 2021; 1:81-88. [PMID: 36855620 PMCID: PMC9888648 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.1c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report on the preparation of reinforced membranes (SPP-QP-PE, where SPP stands for sulfonated polyphenylene), composed of an in-house proton-conductive polyphenylene ionomer (SPP-QP) and a flexible porous polyethylene (PE) mechanical support layer. By applying the push coating method, dense, uniform, transparent, and thin SPP-QP-PE membranes were obtainable. The use of SPP-QP with higher ion exchange capacity induced very high proton conductivity of SPP-QP-PE, leading to high fuel cell performance even at low humidified conditions (e.g., at 80 °C and 30% relative humidity), which had not been attainable with the existing reinforced aromatic ionomer membranes. The flexible porous PE substrate improved the mechanical toughness of the membranes; the elongation at break increased by a factor of 7.1 for SPP-QP-PE compared to that with the bare SPP-QP membrane, leading to mechanical durability at least 3850 wet-dry cycles under practical fuel cell operating conditions (the United States Department of Energy protocol). Overall, the reinforced aromatic ionomer membranes, SPP-QP-PE with balanced proton conductivity, mechanical toughness, and gas impermeability, functioned well in fuel cells with high performance and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Miyake
- Clean
Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Watanabe
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Shintani
- Technology
Division, Panasonic Corporation, Yagumo-naka-machi 3-1-1, Moriguchi 570-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sugawara
- Appliances
Company, Panasonic Corporation, Noji-higashi 2-3-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8520, Japan
| | - Makoto Uchida
- Fuel
Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of
Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyatake
- Clean
Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan,Fuel
Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of
Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan,Department
of Applied Chemistry, and Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan,
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9
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Valenzuela L, Iglesias-Juez A, Bachiller-Baeza B, Faraldos M, Bahamonde A, Rosal R. Biocide mechanism of highly efficient and stable antimicrobial surfaces based on zinc oxide-reduced graphene oxide photocatalytic coatings. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:8294-8304. [PMID: 32785373 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient photoactive antimicrobial coatings were obtained using zinc oxide-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (ZnO-rGO). Their remarkable antibacterial activity and high stability demonstrated their potential use for photoactive biocide surfaces. The ZnO-rGO nanocomposites were prepared by the sol-gel technique to create photocatalytic surfaces by spin-coating. The coatings were deeply characterised and several tests were performed to assess the antibacterial mechanisms. rGO was homogeneously distributed as thin sheets decorated with ZnO nanoparticles. The surface roughness and the hydrophobicity increased with the incorporation of graphene. The ZnO-rGO coatings exhibited high activity against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The 1 wt% rGO coated surfaces showed the highest antibacterial effect in only a few minutes of illumination with up to 5-log reduction in colony forming units, which remained essentially free of bacterial colonization and biofilm formation. We demonstrated that these coatings impaired the bacterial cells due to cell membrane damage and intracellular oxidative stress produced by the photogenerated reactive-oxygen species (ROS). The enhancement of the ZnO photocatalytic performance upon rGO incorporation is due to the increased detected generation of hydroxyl radicals, attributed to the reduction of electron-hole pair recombination. This intimate contact between both components also conveyed stability against zinc leaching and improved the coating adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Valenzuela
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Iglesias-Juez
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, ICP-CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Belén Bachiller-Baeza
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, ICP-CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marisol Faraldos
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, ICP-CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Bahamonde
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, ICP-CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Roberto Rosal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Valles DJ, Zholdassov YS, Braunschweig AB. Evolution and applications of polymer brush hypersurface photolithography. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01073e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypersurface photolithography creates arbitrary polymer brush patterns with independent control over feature diameter, height, and spacing between features, while controlling composition along a polymer chain and between features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Valles
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yerzhan S. Zholdassov
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Adam B. Braunschweig
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
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11
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Ko J, Berger R, Lee H, Yoon H, Cho J, Char K. Electronic effects of nano-confinement in functional organic and inorganic materials for optoelectronics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3585-3628. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01501f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the electronic effects of nano-confinement (from 1D to 3D geometries) on optoelectronic materials and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongkuk Ko
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical & Biological Engineering
| | - Rüdiger Berger
- Physics at Interfaces
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Hyemin Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- Seoul National University of Science & Technology
- Seoul 01811
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsik Yoon
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- Seoul National University of Science & Technology
- Seoul 01811
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhan Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical & Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
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12
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Higashino T, Kuribara K, Toda N, Uemura S, Tachibana H, Azumi R. Direct Preparation of Mixed Self-assembled Monolayers Based on Common-substructure-tailored Phosphonic Acids for Fine Control of Surface Wettability. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Higashino
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kuribara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Naoya Toda
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Sei Uemura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tachibana
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Reiko Azumi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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13
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Jang M, Huh YI, Chang M. Effects of Solvent Vapor Annealing on Morphology and Charge Transport of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) Films Incorporated with Preformed P3HT Nanowires. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051188. [PMID: 32456100 PMCID: PMC7284567 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We systematically studied the influence of solvent vapor annealing on the molecular ordering, morphologies, and charge transport properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) thin films embedded with preformed crystalline P3HT nanowires (NWs). Solvent vapor annealing (SVA) with chloroform (CF) was found to profoundly impact on the structural and morphological changes, and thus on the charge transport characteristics, of the P3HT-NW-embedded P3HT films. With increased annealing time, the density of crystalline P3HT NWs was increased within the resultant films, and also intra- and intermolecular interactions of the corresponding films were significantly improved. As a result, the P3HT-NW-embedded P3HT films annealed with CF vapor for 20 min resulted in a maximized charge carrier mobility of ~0.102 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is higher than that of pristine P3HT films by 4.4-fold (μ = ~0.023 cm2 V−1 s−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingu Jang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Yang-Il Huh
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-I.H.); (M.C.); Tel.: +82-62-530-1771 (M.C.)
| | - Mincheol Chang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-I.H.); (M.C.); Tel.: +82-62-530-1771 (M.C.)
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14
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Mohammadian N, Faraji S, Sagar S, Das BC, Turner ML, Majewski LA. One-Volt, Solution-Processed Organic Transistors with Self-Assembled Monolayer-Ta 2O 5 Gate Dielectrics. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12162563. [PMID: 31408941 PMCID: PMC6720892 DOI: 10.3390/ma12162563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low-voltage, solution-processed organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) have tremendous potential to be key components in low-cost, flexible and large-area electronics. However, for these devices to operate at low voltage, robust and high capacitance gate dielectrics are urgently needed. Herein, the fabrication of OTFTs that operate at 1 V is reported. These devices comprise a solution-processed, self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modified tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) as the gate dielectric. The morphology and dielectric properties of the anodized Ta2O5 films with and without n-octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) SAM treatment have been studied. The thickness of the Ta2O5 film was optimized by varying the anodization voltage. The results show that organic TFTs gated with OTS-modified tantalum pentoxide anodized at 3 V (d ~7 nm) exhibit the best performance. The devices operate at 1 V with a saturation field-effect mobility larger than 0.2 cm2 V-1 s-1, threshold voltage -0.55 V, subthreshold swing 120 mV/dec, and current on/off ratio in excess of 5 × 103. As a result, the demonstrated OTFTs display a promising performance for applications in low-voltage, portable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Mohammadian
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sheida Faraji
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Srikrishna Sagar
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Bikas C Das
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Michael L Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Leszek A Majewski
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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15
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Tullii G, Giona F, Lodola F, Bonfadini S, Bossio C, Varo S, Desii A, Criante L, Sala C, Pasini M, Verpelli C, Galeotti F, Antognazza MR. High-Aspect-Ratio Semiconducting Polymer Pillars for 3D Cell Cultures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:28125-28137. [PMID: 31356041 PMCID: PMC6943816 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid interfaces between living cells and nano/microstructured scaffolds have huge application potential in biotechnology, spanning from regenerative medicine and stem cell therapies to localized drug delivery and from biosensing and tissue engineering to neural computing. However, 3D architectures based on semiconducting polymers, endowed with responsivity to visible light, have never been considered. Here, we apply for the first time a push-coating technique to realize high aspect ratio polymeric pillars, based on polythiophene, showing optimal biocompatibility and allowing for the realization of soft, 3D cell cultures of both primary neurons and cell line models. HEK-293 cells cultured on top of polymer pillars display a remarkable change in the cell morphology and a sizable enhancement of the membrane capacitance due to the cell membrane thinning in correspondence to the pillars' top surface, without negatively affecting cell proliferation. Electrophysiology properties and synapse number of primary neurons are also very well preserved. In perspective, high aspect ratio semiconducting polymer pillars may find interesting applications as soft, photoactive elements for cell activity sensing and modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Tullii
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Lodola
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvio Bonfadini
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina Bossio
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Varo
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Desii
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigino Criante
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Sala
- CNR Neuroscience
Institute, Milan 20129, Italy
| | - Mariacecilia Pasini
- Istituto
per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISMAC-CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Galeotti
- Istituto
per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISMAC-CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
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16
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Klunder KJ, Clark KM, McCord C, Berg KE, Minteer SD, Henry CS. Polycaprolactone-enabled sealing and carbon composite electrode integration into electrochemical microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2589-2597. [PMID: 31250868 PMCID: PMC6801002 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00417c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Combining electrochemistry with microfluidics is attractive for a wide array of applications including multiplexing, automation, and high-throughput screening. Electrochemical instrumentation also has the advantage of being low-cost and can enable high analyte sensitivity. For many electrochemical microfluidic applications, carbon electrodes are more desirable than noble metals because they are resistant to fouling, have high activity, and large electrochemical solvent windows. At present, fabrication of electrochemical microfluidic devices bearing integrated carbon electrodes remains a challenge. Here, a new system for integrating polycaprolactone (PCL) and carbon composite electrodes into microfluidics is presented. The PCL : carbon composites have excellent electrochemical activity towards a wide range of analytes as well as high electrical conductivity (∼1000 S m-1). The new system utilizes a laser cutter for fast, simple fabrication of microfluidics using PCL as a bonding layer. As a proof-of-concept application, oil-in-water and water-in-oil droplets are electrochemically analysed. Small-scale electrochemical organic synthesis for TEMPO mediated alcohol oxidation is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Klunder
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kaylee M Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Cynthia McCord
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Kathleen E Berg
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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17
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Wang X, Yu Z, Jiao L, Bian H, Yang W, Wu W, Xiao H, Dai H. Aerogel Perfusion-Prepared h-BN/CNF Composite Film with Multiple Thermally Conductive Pathways and High Thermal Conductivity. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9071051. [PMID: 31340451 PMCID: PMC6669481 DOI: 10.3390/nano9071051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)-based heat-spreading materials have drawn considerable attention in electronic diaphragm and packaging fields because of their high thermal conductivity and desired electrical insulation properties. However, the traditional approach to fabricate thermally conductive composites usually suffers from low thermal conductivity, and cannot meet the requirement of thermal management. In this work, novel h-BN/cellulose-nano fiber (CNF) composite films with excellent thermal conductivity in through plane and electrical insulation properties are fabricated via an innovative process, i.e., the perfusion of h-BN into porous three dimensional (3D) CNF aerogel skeleton to form the h-BN thermally conductive pathways by filling the CNF aerogel voids. When at an h-BN loading of 9.51 vol %, the thermal conductivity of h-BN/CNF aerogel perfusion composite film is 1.488 W·m−1·K−1 at through plane, an increase by 260.3%. The volume resistivity is 3.83 × 1014 Ω·cm, superior to that of synthetic polymer materials (about 109~1013 Ω·cm). Therefore, the resulting h-BN/CNF film is very promising to replace the traditional synthetic polymer materials for a broad spectrum of applications, including the field of electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Zhihuai Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Liang Jiao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huiyang Bian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weisheng Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Hongqi Dai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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18
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Thermally Conductive and Electrical Insulation BNNS/CNF Aerogel Nano-Paper. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11040660. [PMID: 30974918 PMCID: PMC6523969 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adding heat conducting particles to a polymer matrix to prepare thermally conductive and electrical insulation materials is an effective approach to address the safety issues arising from the accumulation of heat in the working process of electronic devices. In this work, thermally conductive and electrical insulation nano-paper, consisting of Boron Nitride nano-sheet (BNNS) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF), was prepared using an aerogel 3D skeleton template method. For comparison, BNNS/CNF nano-paper was also produced using a simple blending method. At a BNNS loading of 50 wt%, the thermal conductivity of BNNS/CNF aerogel nano-paper and blended nano-paper at 70 °C are 2.4 W/mK and 1.2 W/mK respectively, revealing an increase of 94.4%. Under similar conditions, the volume resistivity of BNNS/CNF aerogel nano-paper and blended nano-paper are 4.0 × 1014 and 4.2 × 1014 Ω·cm respectively. In view of its excellent thermal conductivity and electrical insulation performance, therefore, BNNS/CNF aerogel nano-paper holds great potential for electronic-related applications.
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19
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Inaba S, Arai R, Mihai G, Lazar O, Moise C, Enachescu M, Takeoka Y, Vohra V. Eco-Friendly Push-Coated Polymer Solar Cells with No Active Material Wastes Yield Power Conversion Efficiencies over 5.5. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:10785-10793. [PMID: 30788961 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Push-coating is a simple process that can be employed for extremely low-cost polymer electronic device production. Here, we demonstrate its application to the fabrication of poly(2,7-carbazole- alt-dithienylbenzothiadiazole) (PCDTBT):[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) active layers processed in air, yielding similar photovoltaic performances as thermally annealed spin-coated thin films when used in inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs). During push-coating, the polydimethylsiloxane layer temporarily traps the deposition solvent, resulting in simultaneous film formation and solvent annealing effect. This removes the necessity for a postdeposition thermal annealing step which is required for spin-coated PSCs to produce high photovoltaic performances. Optimized PSC active layers are produced with a push-coating time of 5 min at room temperature with 20 times less hazardous solvent and 40 times less active material than spin-coating. Annealed spin-coated active layers and active layers push-coated for 5 min both produce average power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 5.77%, while those push-coated for a shorter time of 1 min yield a slightly lower value of 5.59%. We demonstrate that, despite differences in their donor:acceptor vertical concentration gradients, unencapsulated PCDTBT:PC71BM active layers push-coated for 1 min produce PSCs with similar operational stability and upscaling capacity as thermally annealed spin-coated ones. As fast device fabrication can be achieved with short-time push-coating, we further demonstrate the potential of this deposition technique by manufacturing push-coated PSC-based semitransparent photovoltaic devices with a PCE of 4.23%, relatively neutral colors and an average visible transparency of 40.2%. Our work thus confirms that push-coating is not limited to the widely employed poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) but can also be used with low band gap copolymers and opens the path to low-cost and eco-friendly, yet efficient and stable PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusei Inaba
- Department of Engineering Science , University of Electro-Communications , 1-5-1 Chofugaoka , Chofu City , 182-8585 Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ryosuke Arai
- Department of Materials & Life Sciences , Sophia University , 7-1 Kioicho , Chiyoda Ward , 102-8554 Tokyo , Japan
| | - Geanina Mihai
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology , University Politehnica of Bucharest , Splaiul Independentei nr. 313 , 060042 Bucharest , Romania
| | - Oana Lazar
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology , University Politehnica of Bucharest , Splaiul Independentei nr. 313 , 060042 Bucharest , Romania
| | - Calin Moise
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology , University Politehnica of Bucharest , Splaiul Independentei nr. 313 , 060042 Bucharest , Romania
| | - Marius Enachescu
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology , University Politehnica of Bucharest , Splaiul Independentei nr. 313 , 060042 Bucharest , Romania
| | - Yuko Takeoka
- Department of Materials & Life Sciences , Sophia University , 7-1 Kioicho , Chiyoda Ward , 102-8554 Tokyo , Japan
| | - Varun Vohra
- Department of Engineering Science , University of Electro-Communications , 1-5-1 Chofugaoka , Chofu City , 182-8585 Tokyo , Japan
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20
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Kwon K, Suh BL, Park K, Kim J, Jung HT. Ultra-dense (~20 Tdot/in 2) nanoparticle array from an ordered supramolecular dendrimer containing a metal precursor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3885. [PMID: 30846732 PMCID: PMC6405949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of an ultra-dense, highly periodic nanoparticle array from a soft template is one of the most important issues in the fields of material science and nanotechnology. To date, block copolymer (BCP) structures have been primarily used as templates for fabricating highly periodic nanoparticle arrays with high areal densities. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time the use of a supramolecular dendrimer assembly for the formation of a highly ordered nanoparticle array with a high areal density of ~20 Tdot/in2, four times larger than that of the currently reported BCP-based nanoparticle arrays. By the simple thermal annealing of a dendrimers containing a metal precursor between two flat, solid substrates, a hexagonal array of small gold nanoparticles (with a diameter of ~1.6 nm and center-to-center distance of ~5.3 nm), oriented normal to the bottom, was achieved. Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the gold cation strongly bound to the head group of the dendrimer. This structure served as a building block for self-assembly into a stable cylindrical structure. We anticipate that this study will lead to the creation of a large family of supramolecular dendrimers that can be utilized as soft templates for creating periodic, ultra-dense nanoparticle arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiok Kwon
- National Research Laboratory for Organic Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Bong Lim Suh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Kangho Park
- National Research Laboratory for Organic Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jihan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| | - Hee-Tae Jung
- National Research Laboratory for Organic Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea. .,KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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21
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Jo G, Jeong JW, Choi S, Kim H, Park JJ, Jung J, Chang M. Large-Scale Alignment of Polymer Semiconductor Nanowires for Efficient Charge Transport via Controlled Evaporation of Confined Fluids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1135-1142. [PMID: 30520290 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Long-range alignment of conjugated polymers is as critical as polymer chain packing for achieving efficient charge transport in polymer thin films used in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, the present study reports a facile, scalable strategy that enables the deposition of macroscopically aligned polymer semiconductor nanowire (NW)-array films with highly enhanced charge carrier mobility, using a modified controlled evaporative self-assembly (MCESA) technique. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on highly oriented poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-NW films exhibit more than 10-fold enhancement of carrier mobility, with the highest mobility of 0.13 cm2 V-1 s-1, compared to the OFETs based on pristine P3HT films. Significantly, large-area aligned P3HT NW-films, which are deposited over 12 arrays of transistors on a 4 in. wafer by an MCESA coating, result in lower device performance variation (i.e., standard deviation ≈ ±0.0172 (16%) cm2 V-1 s-1) as well as an excellent average device performance (i.e., average charge mobility ≈ 0.11 cm2 V-1 s-1), compared to those obtained using the conventional CESA coating, overcoming a critical challenge in the field of OFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jaehan Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Hongik University , Sejong 30016 , South Korea
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22
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Tran H, Bergman HM, Parenti KR, van der Zande AM, Dean CR, Campos LM. Hierarchical patterns with sub-20 nm pattern fidelity via block copolymer self-assembly and soft nanotransfer printing. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00335e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development of a technique to transfer micrometer patterns of organic thin films with sub-50 nm edge resolution and sub-20 nm pattern fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Tran
- Department of Chemistry
- Columbia University
- New York
- USA
| | | | | | | | - Cory R. Dean
- Department of Physics
- Columbia University
- New York
- USA
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23
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Vohra V. Can Polymer Solar Cells Open the Path to Sustainable and Efficient Photovoltaic Windows Fabrication? CHEM REC 2018; 19:1166-1178. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varun Vohra
- Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of Electro-communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu City Tokyo 182-8585 Japan
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24
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Senanayak SP, Sangwan VK, McMorrow JJ, Everaerts K, Chen Z, Facchetti A, Hersam MC, Marks TJ, Narayan KS. Self-Assembled Photochromic Molecular Dipoles for High-Performance Polymer Thin-Film Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21492-21498. [PMID: 29847908 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-performance multifunctional polymer-based electronic circuits is a major step toward future flexible electronics. Here, we demonstrate a tunable approach to fabricate such devices based on rationally designed dielectric super-lattice structures with photochromic azobenzene molecules. These nanodielectrics possessing ionic, molecular, and atomic polarization are utilized in polymer thin-film transistors (TFTs) to realize high-performance electronics with a p-type field-effect mobility (μFET) exceeding 2 cm2 V-1 s-1. A crossover in the transport mechanism from electrostatic dipolar disorder to ionic-induced disorder is observed in the transistor characteristics over a range of temperatures. The facile supramolecular design allows the possibility to optically control the extent of molecular and ionic polarization in the ultrathin nanodielectric. Thus, we demonstrate a 3-fold increase in the capacitance from 0.1 to 0.34 μF/cm2, which results in a 200% increase in TFT channel current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Bangalore 560064 , India
- Optoelectronics Group , Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , U.K
| | | | | | | | - Zhihua Chen
- Flexterra Inc. , 8025 Lamon Avenue , Skokie , Illinois 60077 , United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Flexterra Inc. , 8025 Lamon Avenue , Skokie , Illinois 60077 , United States
| | | | | | - K S Narayan
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Bangalore 560064 , India
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25
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Liu A, Zhu H, Sun H, Xu Y, Noh YY. Solution Processed Metal Oxide High-κ Dielectrics for Emerging Transistors and Circuits. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706364. [PMID: 29904984 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The electronic functionalities of metal oxides comprise conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. Metal oxides have attracted great interest for construction of large-area electronics, particularly thin-film transistors (TFTs), for their high optical transparency, excellent chemical and thermal stability, and mechanical tolerance. High-permittivity (κ) oxide dielectrics are a key component for achieving low-voltage and high-performance TFTs. With the expanding integration of complementary metal oxide semiconductor transistors, the replacement of SiO2 with high-κ oxide dielectrics has become urgently required, because their provided thicker layers suppress quantum mechanical tunneling. Toward low-cost devices, tremendous efforts have been devoted to vacuum-free, solution processable fabrication, such as spin coating, spray pyrolysis, and printing techniques. This review focuses on recent progress in solution processed high-κ oxide dielectrics and their applications to emerging TFTs. First, the history, basics, theories, and leakage current mechanisms of high-κ oxide dielectrics are presented, and the underlying mechanism for mobility enhancement over conventional SiO2 is outlined. Recent achievements of solution-processed high-κ oxide materials and their applications in TFTs are summarized and traditional coating methods and emerging printing techniques are introduced. Finally, low temperature approaches, e.g., ecofriendly water-induced, self-combustion reaction, and energy-assisted post treatments, for the realization of flexible electronics and circuits are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Liu
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Huihui Zhu
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Huabin Sun
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
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26
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Jeong JW, Jo G, Choi S, Kim YA, Yoon H, Ryu SW, Jung J, Chang M. Solvent Additive-Assisted Anisotropic Assembly and Enhanced Charge Transport of π-Conjugated Polymer Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18131-18140. [PMID: 29726258 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport in π-conjugated polymer films involves π-π interactions within or between polymer chains. Here, we demonstrate a facile solution processing strategy that provides enhanced intra- and interchain π-π interactions of the resultant polymer films using a good solvent additive with low volatility. These increased interactions result in enhanced charge transport properties. The effect of the good solvent additive on the intra- and intermolecular interactions, morphologies, and charge transport properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films is systematically investigated. We found that the good solvent additive facilitates the self-assembly of P3HT chains into crystalline fibrillar nanostructures by extending the solvent drying time during thin-film formation. As compared to the prior approach using a nonsolvent additive with low volatility, the solvent blend system containing a good solvent additive results in enhanced charge transport in P3HT organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices [from ca. 1.7 × 10-2 to ca. 8.2 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 for dichlorobenzene (DCB) versus 4.4 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 for acetonitrile]. The mobility appears to be maximized over a broad spectrum of additive concentrations (1-7 vol %), indicative of a wide processing window. Detailed analysis results regarding the charge injection and transport characteristics of the OFET devices reveal that a high-boiling-point solvent additive decreases both the contact resistance ( Rc) and channel resistance ( Rch), contributing to the mobility enhancement of the devices. Finally, the platform presented here is proven to be applicable to alternative good solvent additives with low volatility, such as chlorobenzene (CB) and trichlorobenzene (TCB). Specifically, the mobility enhancement of the resultant P3HT films increases in the order CB (bp 131 °C) < DCB (bp 180 °C) < TCB (bp 214 °C), suggesting that solvent additives with higher boiling points provide resultant films with preferable molecular ordering and morphologies for efficient charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jaehan Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Hongik University , Sejongsi 30016 , South Korea
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Kwon K, Park K, Jung HT. Long-range single domain array of a 5 nm pattern of supramolecules via solvent annealing in a double-sandwich cell. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8459-8470. [PMID: 29691547 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In nanotechnology and microelectronics research, the generation of an ultradense, single-grain nanostructure with a long-range lateral order is challenging. In this paper, we report upon a new solvent-annealing method using a double-sandwich confinement to promote the formation of a large-area, single-domain array (>0.3 × 0.3 mm2) of supramolecular cylinders with a small feature size (4.7 nm). The in situ GISAXS experiment result shows the ordering process during solvent evaporation. The diffusion of the solvent molecules led to the disassembly of the supramolecules confined between the top and bottom surfaces and their subsequent mobilization, thereby producing a highly ordered hexagonal array of supramolecular materials under the double-sandwich confinement upon solvent evaporation. In addition, two key factors were found to be crucial in this process for generating highly-ordered supramolecular building blocks: (i) the presence of a top coat during solvent evaporation to provide a geometric confinement template, and (ii) the control of the solvent evaporation rate during the solvent evaporation step to provide the dendrimer sufficient time to self-assemble into the highly ordered state over a large area. Our developed approach, which can be extended to be used for a large family of supramolecules, is of critical importance in providing a new bottom-up lithographic method based on supramolecular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiok Kwon
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 plus) and KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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Vohra V, Galeotti F, Giovanella U, Mróz W, Pasini M, Botta C. Nanostructured Light-Emitting Polymer Thin Films and Devices Fabricated by the Environment-Friendly Push-Coating Technique. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:11794-11800. [PMID: 29546977 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Push-coating is a green and extremely low-cost process in which only few microliters of conjugated polymer solutions are used to produce thin films using capillary forces. Here, we adapt this fabrication technique to replicate self-assembled nanoporous structures on green and red light-emitting conjugated polymer thin films. These films display ring-like photoluminescence and are successfully integrated into polymer light-emitting devices as emitting layers. At low applied voltages, the green-emitting devices exhibit electroluminescence (EL) from hexagonally arranged nanopixel arrays resulting from a stronger electric field in the thinner areas inside the pores. By gradually increasing the voltage up to 10 V, the emission extends to the areas around the pores. At voltages higher than 10 V, a nonreversible nanopixel to nanoring-like switching of the EL can be observed. After filling the pores with a second blue-emitting conjugated polymer, voltage-dependent reversible color tuning of the EL is achieved in the nanostructured light-emitting bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Vohra
- Department of Engineering Science , University of Electro-Communications , 1-5-1 Chofugaoka , Chofu , Tokyo 182-8585 , Japan
| | - Francesco Galeotti
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR-ISMAC , Via Corti 12 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Umberto Giovanella
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR-ISMAC , Via Corti 12 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Wojciech Mróz
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR-ISMAC , Via Corti 12 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Mariacecilia Pasini
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR-ISMAC , Via Corti 12 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Chiara Botta
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR-ISMAC , Via Corti 12 , 20133 Milano , Italy
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Vohra V, Mróz W, Inaba S, Porzio W, Giovanella U, Galeotti F. Low-Cost and Green Fabrication of Polymer Electronic Devices by Push-Coating of the Polymer Active Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25434-25444. [PMID: 28685574 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Because of both its easy processability and compatibility with roll-to-roll processes, polymer electronics is considered to be the most promising technology for the future generation of low-cost electronic devices such as light-emitting diodes and solar cells. However, the state-of-the-art deposition technique for polymer electronics (spin-coating) generates a high volume of chlorinated solution wastes during the active layer fabrication. Here, we demonstrate that devices with similar or higher performances can be manufactured using the push-coating technique in which a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) layer is simply laid over a very small amount of solution (less than 1μL/covered cm2), which is then left for drying. Using mm thick PDMS provides a means to control the solvent diffusion kinetics (sorption/retention) and removes the necessity for additional applied pressure to generate the desired active layer thickness. Unlike spin-coating, push-coating is a slow drying process that induces a higher degree of crystallinity in the polymer thin film without the necessity for a post-annealing step. The polymer light-emitting diodes and solar cells prepared by push-coating exhibit slightly higher performances with respect to the reference spin-coated devices, whereas at the same time reduce the amounts of active layer materials and chlorinated solvents by 50 and 20 times, respectively. These increased performances can be correlated to the higher polymer crystallinities obtained without applying a post-annealing treatment. As push-coating is a roll-to-roll compatible method, the results presented here open the path to low-cost and eco-friendly fabrication of a wide range of emerging devices based on conjugated polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Vohra
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications , 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Wojciech Mróz
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR-ISMAC , Via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Shusei Inaba
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications , 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - William Porzio
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR-ISMAC , Via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Umberto Giovanella
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR-ISMAC , Via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Galeotti
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR-ISMAC , Via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Control of Molecular Ordering, Alignment, and Charge Transport in Solution-Processed Conjugated Polymer Thin Films. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9060212. [PMID: 30970891 PMCID: PMC6432227 DOI: 10.3390/polym9060212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphology of conjugated polymers is a critical factor that significantly affects intrinsic charge transport characteristics and in turn performance of polymer-based devices. Morphological defects including misaligned crystalline grains and grain boundaries significantly impede efficient charge hopping between transport sites, resulting in degradation of device performance. Therefore, one important challenge is to control morphology of active polymer thin-films for achieving high performance flexible electronic devices. In the past decade, significant progress has been achieved in morphology control of conjugated polymer thin-films using solution-based processing techniques. This review focuses on recent advances in processing strategies that can tune the morphologies and thus impact charge transport properties of conjugated polymer thin films. Of the available processing strategies, polymer solution treatments and film deposition techniques will be mainly highlighted. The correlation between processing conditions, active layer morphologies, and device performance will be also be discussed.
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31
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Bulgarevich K, Sakamoto K, Minari T, Yasuda T, Miki K. Spatially Uniform Thin-Film Formation of Polymeric Organic Semiconductors on Lyophobic Gate Insulator Surfaces by Self-Assisted Flow-Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:6237-6245. [PMID: 28117974 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface hydrophobization by self-assembled monolayer formation is a powerful technique for improving the performance of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). However, organic thin-film formation on such a surface by solution processing often fails due to the repellent property of the surface against common organic solvents. Here, a scalable unidirectional coating technique that can solve this problem, named self-assisted flow-coating, is reported. Producing a specially designed lyophobic-lyophilic pattern on the lyophobic surface enables organic thin-film formation in the lyophobic surface areas by flow-coating. To demonstrate the usefulness of this technique, OFET arrays with an active layer of poly(2,5-bis(3-hexadecylthiophene-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) are fabricated. The ideal transfer curves without hysteresis behavior are obtained for all OFETs. The average field-effect hole mobility in the saturation regime is 0.273 and 0.221 cm2·V-1·s-1 for the OFETs with the channels parallel and perpendicular to the flow-coating direction, respectively, and the device-to-device variation is less than 3% for each OFET set. Very small device-to-device variation is also obtained for the on-state current, threshold voltage, and subthreshold swing. These results indicate that the self-assisted flow-coating is a promising coating technique to form spatially uniform thin films of polymeric organic semiconductors on lyophobic gate insulator surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Bulgarevich
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakamoto
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takeo Minari
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kazushi Miki
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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32
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Fox CB, Nemeth CL, Chevalier RW, Cantlon J, Bogdanoff DB, Hsiao JC, Desai TA. Picoliter-volume inkjet printing into planar microdevice reservoirs for low-waste, high-capacity drug loading. Bioeng Transl Med 2017; 2:9-16. [PMID: 28503662 PMCID: PMC5426811 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral delivery of therapeutics is the preferred route for systemic drug administration due to ease of access and improved patient compliance. However, many therapeutics suffer from low oral bioavailability due to low pH and enzymatic conditions, poor cellular permeability, and low residence time. Microfabrication techniques have been used to create planar, asymmetric microdevices for oral drug delivery to address these limitations. The geometry of these microdevices facilitates prolonged drug exposure with unidirectional release of drug toward gastrointestinal epithelium. While these devices have significantly enhanced drug permeability in vitro and in vivo, loading drug into the micron-scale reservoirs of the devices in a low-waste, high-capacity manner remains challenging. Here, we use picoliter-volume inkjet printing to load topotecan and insulin into planar microdevices efficiently. Following a simple surface functionalization step, drug solution can be spotted into the microdevice reservoir. We show that relatively high capacities of both topotecan and insulin can be loaded into microdevices in a rapid, automated process with little to no drug waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cade B Fox
- Dept. of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Cameron L Nemeth
- UC Berkeley and UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Rachel W Chevalier
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | | | - Derek B Bogdanoff
- Center for Advanced Technology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158
| | - Jeff C Hsiao
- Dept. of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Dept. of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158.,UC Berkeley and UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94158
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33
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Das S, Lee BH, Linstadt RTH, Cunha K, Li Y, Kaufman Y, Levine ZA, Lipshutz BH, Lins RD, Shea JE, Heeger AJ, Ahn BK. Molecularly Smooth Self-Assembled Monolayer for High-Mobility Organic Field-Effect Transistors. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6709-6715. [PMID: 27673480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the need for molecularly smooth self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on silicon dioxide surfaces (the most common dielectric surface), current techniques are limited to nonideal silane grafting. Here, we show unique bioinspired zwitterionic molecules forming a molecularly smooth and uniformly thin SAM in "water" in <1 min on various dielectric surfaces, which enables a dip-coating process that is essential for organic electronics to become reality. This monomolecular layer leads to high mobility of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on various organic semiconductors and source/drain electrodes. A combination of experimental and computational techniques confirms strong adsorption (Wad > 20 mJ m-2), uniform thickness (∼0.5 or ∼1 nm) and orientation (all catechol head groups facing the oxide surface) of the "monomolecular" layers. This robust (strong adsorption), rapid, and green SAM represents a promising advancement toward the next generation of nanofabrication compared to the current nonuniform and inconsistent polysiloxane-based SAM involving toxic chemicals, long processing time (>10 h), or heat (>80 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Keila Cunha
- Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco , Recife, Pernambuco 50740-670, Brazil
| | | | - Yair Kaufman
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Sede Boqer Campus, 84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | | | | | - Roberto D Lins
- Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco , Recife, Pernambuco 50740-670, Brazil
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco 50740-465, Brazil
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Hamaguchi A, Negishi T, Kimura Y, Ikeda Y, Takimiya K, Bisri SZ, Iwasa Y, Shiro T. Single-Crystal-Like Organic Thin-Film Transistors Fabricated from Dinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT) Precursor-Polystyrene Blends. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:6606-6611. [PMID: 26418457 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility short-channel organic thin-film transistors fabricated using a dinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]-thio--phene (DNTT) precursor (5,14-N--phenylmaleimide DNTT, endo-isomer-rich fraction) and polystyrene (PS) blends are reported. The DNTT grains are "single-crystal"-like and the field-effect mobility of the devices ranges up to 4.7 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). The PS layer functions as a hydrophobic passivation layer on the Si/SiO2 substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Hamaguchi
- Electronics Materials Development Project, Teijin Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo, 191-8512, Japan
| | - Tsuyoto Negishi
- Electronics Materials Development Project, Teijin Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo, 191-8512, Japan
| | - Yu Kimura
- Electronics Materials Development Project, Teijin Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo, 191-8512, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikeda
- Electronics Materials Development Project, Teijin Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo, 191-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiro Iwasa
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiro
- Electronics Materials Development Project, Teijin Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo, 191-8512, Japan
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35
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Nagase T, Yoshikawa M, Yamazaki S, Kobayashi T, Michiwaki Y, Watase S, Watanabe M, Matsukawa K, Naito H. Effects of silica nanoparticle addition on polymer semiconductor wettability and carrier mobility in solution-processable organic transistors on hydrophobic substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nagase
- Department of Physics and Electronics; Osaka Prefecture University; Sakai 599-8531 Japan
- The Research Institute for Molecular Electronic Devices, Osaka Prefecture University; Sakai 599-8531 Japan
| | - Masashi Yoshikawa
- Department of Physics and Electronics; Osaka Prefecture University; Sakai 599-8531 Japan
| | - Saori Yamazaki
- Citizen Holdings Co., Ltd.; Tokorozawa Saitama 359-8511 Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Physics and Electronics; Osaka Prefecture University; Sakai 599-8531 Japan
- The Research Institute for Molecular Electronic Devices, Osaka Prefecture University; Sakai 599-8531 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Michiwaki
- Kyoto Research Center, Fuso Chemical Co., Ltd.; Fukuchiyama Kyoto 620-0853 Japan
| | - Seiji Watase
- Department of Electronic Materials; Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute; Osaka 536-8533 Japan
| | - Mitsuru Watanabe
- Department of Electronic Materials; Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute; Osaka 536-8533 Japan
| | - Kimihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Electronic Materials; Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute; Osaka 536-8533 Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Naito
- Department of Physics and Electronics; Osaka Prefecture University; Sakai 599-8531 Japan
- The Research Institute for Molecular Electronic Devices, Osaka Prefecture University; Sakai 599-8531 Japan
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36
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Kim N, Kang H, Lee JH, Kee S, Lee SH, Lee K. Highly conductive all-plastic electrodes fabricated using a novel chemically controlled transfer-printing method. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:2317-2323. [PMID: 25708658 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel transfer-printing method for high-performance all-plastic transparent electrodes is demonstrated. A solution process using H2 SO4 not only dramatically enhances the electrical conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) over 4000 S cm(-1) but also chemically modifies its adhesion properties, thereby enabling expeditious "pick-and-place" transfer onto arbitrary surfaces using elastomeric stamps. Flexible and transparent optoelectronic devices with transferred PEDOT:PSS electrodes show superb performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Nanobio Materials and Electronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
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37
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Yamaoka D, Hara M, Nagano S, Seki T. Photoalignable Radical Initiator for Anisotropic Polymerization in Liquid Crystalline Media. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5025279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Hara
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Nagoya University Venture Business
Laboratory, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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38
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Kimura Y, Nagase T, Kobayashi T, Hamaguchi A, Ikeda Y, Shiro T, Takimiya K, Naito H. Soluble organic semiconductor precursor with specific phase separation for high-performance printed organic transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:727-732. [PMID: 25448618 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A soluble precursor of dinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT) is developed for high-performance printed organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). The DNTT precursor enables excellent thin-film formation and can induce specific phase separations when blended with inert polymers. The DNTT OTFTs processed from the precursor/polymer blend exhibit field-effect mobilities of up to 1.1 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and excellent durability against air exposure and thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kimura
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
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39
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Chang M, Lee J, Chu PH, Choi D, Park B, Reichmanis E. Anisotropic assembly of conjugated polymer nanocrystallites for enhanced charge transport. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:21541-21549. [PMID: 25347053 DOI: 10.1021/am506546k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The anisotropic assembly of P3HT nanocrystallites into longer nanofibrillar structures was demonstrated via sequential UV irradiation after ultrasonication to the pristine polymer solutions. The morphology of resultant films was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and quantitative analysis of intra- and intermolecular ordering of polymer chains was performed by means of static absorption spectroscopy and quantitative modeling. Consequently, the approach to treat the precursor solution enhanced intra- and intermolecular ordering and reduced the incidence of grain boundaries within P3HT films, which contributed to the excellent charge carrier transport characteristics of the corresponding films (μ ≈ 12.0 × 10(-2) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) for 96% RR P3HT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mincheol Chang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
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40
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Pierre A, Sadeghi M, Payne MM, Facchetti A, Anthony JE, Arias AC. All-printed flexible organic transistors enabled by surface tension-guided blade coating. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:5722-5727. [PMID: 24941920 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A combination of surface energy-guided blade coating and inkjet printing is used to fabricate an all-printed high performance, high yield, and low variability organic thin film transistor (OTFT) array on a plastic substrate. Functional inks and printing processes were optimized to yield self-assembled homogenous thin films in every layer of the OTFT stack. Specifically, we investigated the effect of capillary number, semiconductor ink composition (small molecule-polymer ratio), and additive high boiling point solvent concentrations on film fidelity, pattern design, device performance and yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Pierre
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Yang H, Su M, Li K, Jiang L, Song Y, Doi M, Wang J. Preparation of patterned ultrathin polymer films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:9436-9441. [PMID: 25066958 DOI: 10.1021/la502659e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Though patterned ultrathin polymer films (<100 nm) are of great importance in the fields of sensors and nanoelectronic devices, the fabrication of patterned ultrathin polymer films remains a great challenge. Herein, patterned ultrathin polymer films are fabricated facilely on hydrophobic substrates with different hydrophilic outline patterns by the pinning of three-phase contact lines of polymer solution on the hydrophilic outlines. This method is universal for most of the water-soluble polymers, and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has been selected as a model polymer due to its biocompatibility and good film-forming property. The results indicate that the morphologies of ultrathin polymer films can be precisely adjusted by the size of the hydrophilic outline pattern. Specifically, patterned hydrophilic outlines with sizes of 100, 60, and 40 μm lead to the formation of concave-shaped ultrathin PVA films, whereas uniform ultrathin PVA films are formed on 20 and 10 μm patterned substrates. The controllabilities of morphologies can be interpreted through the influences of the slip length and coffee ring effect. Theoretical analysis shows that when the size of the hydrophilic outline patterns is smaller than a critical value, the coffee ring effect disappears and uniform patterned ultrathin polymer films can be formed for all polymer concentrations. These results provide an effective methodology for the fabrication of patterned ultrathin polymer films and enhance the understanding of the coffee ring effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huige Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, PR China
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Fukuda K, Takeda Y, Mizukami M, Kumaki D, Tokito S. Fully solution-processed flexible organic thin film transistor arrays with high mobility and exceptional uniformity. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3947. [PMID: 24492785 PMCID: PMC3912504 DOI: 10.1038/srep03947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Printing fully solution-processed organic electronic devices may potentially revolutionize production of flexible electronics for various applications. However, difficulties in forming thin, flat, uniform films through printing techniques have been responsible for poor device performance and low yields. Here, we report on fully solution-processed organic thin-film transistor (TFT) arrays with greatly improved performance and yields, achieved by layering solution-processable materials such as silver nanoparticle inks, organic semiconductors, and insulating polymers on thin plastic films. A treatment layer improves carrier injection between the source/drain electrodes and the semiconducting layer and dramatically reduces contact resistance. Furthermore, an organic semiconductor with large-crystal grains results in TFT devices with shorter channel lengths and higher field-effect mobilities. We obtained mobilities of over 1.2 cm2 V−1 s−1 in TFT devices with channel lengths shorter than 20 μm. By combining these fabrication techniques, we built highly uniform organic TFT arrays with average mobility levels as high as 0.80 cm2 V−1 s−1 and ideal threshold voltages of 0 V. These results represent major progress in the fabrication of fully solution-processed organic TFT device arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Fukuda
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takeda
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Mizukami
- Innovation Center for Organic Electronics (INOEL), Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 1-808-48, Arcadia, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-0119, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kumaki
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Shizuo Tokito
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
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Tagawa R, Masu H, Itoh T, Hoshino K. Solution-cast self-assembled films of perchlorate-doped oligo(3-methoxythiophene) showing a gold-like luster. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03548h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Strain sensitivity and durability in p-type and n-type organic thin-film transistors with printed silver electrodes. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2048. [PMID: 23788235 PMCID: PMC3689172 DOI: 10.1038/srep02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical flexibility and compatibility of printing processes are key advantage that organic electronic devices have over conventional inorganic devices. However, one of the major remaining issues for organic devices is insufficient mechanical durability of printed electrodes. Here we have investigated the mechanical durability of both p-type and n-type organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) with ink-jet printed silver electrodes from silver nanoparticle inks. The modified silver nanoparticle inks enabled the strong adhesion to the underlying polymer layer, and the fabricated organic TFTs exhibited excellent reproducibility in the bending cycle tests. The strong channel length dependence on the strain sensitivity was observed in both p-type and n-type organic TFTs. The organic TFTs with a short-channel exhibited higher sensitivity to the bending strain. These results suggest that the flexible organic TFTs with printed silver electrodes have excellent mechanical durability and are useful for bending and strain sensors.
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Cai X, Wang Y, Wang X, Ji J, Hong J, Pan F, Chen J, Xue M. Fabrication of Ultrafine Soft-Matter Arrays by Selective Contact Thermochemical Reaction. Sci Rep 2013. [PMCID: PMC3646278 DOI: 10.1038/srep01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Patterning of functional soft matters at different length scales is important for diverse research fields including cell biology, tissue engineering and medicinal science and the development of optics and electronics. Here we have further improved a simple but very efficient method, selective contact thermochemical reaction (SCTR), for patterning soft matters over large area with a sub-100 nm resolution. By selecting contact between different precursors through a topographically patterned PDMS stamp and subsequently any heating way for thermalchemical reaction, thermal-related soft matters can be patterned to form controllable micro or nano structures, even three-dimensional structures. The fine tunability and controllability of as-prepared micro and nano structures demonstrate this versatile approach a far wide range of uses than the merely academic.
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