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Giri I, Biswas S, Chhetri S, Choudhuri A, Mondal I, Senanayak SP, Iyer PK, Chaudhuri D, Vijayaraghavan RK. Ambient stable solution-processed organic field effect transistors from electron deficient planar aromatics: effect of end-groups on ambient stability. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7915-7923. [PMID: 38449822 PMCID: PMC10915716 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01499e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Ambient stable solution processed n-channel organic field effect transistors (OFETs) are essential for next-generation low-cost organic electronic devices. Several molecular features, such as suitable orbital energy levels, easy synthetic steps, etc., must be considered while designing efficient active layer materials. Here, we report a case of improved ambient stability of solution-processed n-type OFETs upon suitable end-groups substitution of the active layer materials. A pair of core-substituted napthalenediimide (NDIFCN2 and EHNDICN2) derivatives with alkyl and perfluorinated end groups are considered. The transistor devices made out of these two derivatives exhibited largely different ambient stability behavior. The superior device stability (more than 25 days under ambient conditions) of one of the derivatives (NDIFCN2) was ascribed to the presence of fluorinated end groups that function as hydrophobic guard units inhibiting moisture infiltration into the active layer, thereby achieving ambient stability under humid conditions (>65% relative atmospheric humidity). Molecular level optical and electrochemical properties, thermal stability, and the solution-processed (spin coat and drop cast active layers) device characteristics are described in detail. Our findings highlight the requirement of hydrophobic end groups or sidechains for ambient stability of active layer materials, along with deep LUMO levels for ambient stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Giri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur, Nadia West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Sagar Biswas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur, Nadia West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Shant Chhetri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur, Nadia West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Anwesha Choudhuri
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781039 India
| | - Indrajit Mondal
- Nanoelectronics and Device Physics Lab, School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, OCC of HBNI Odisha 752050 India
| | - Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Nanoelectronics and Device Physics Lab, School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, OCC of HBNI Odisha 752050 India
| | | | - Debangshu Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur, Nadia West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Ratheesh K Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur, Nadia West Bengal 741246 India
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2
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Dey K, Ghosh D, Pilot M, Pering SR, Roose B, Deswal P, Senanayak SP, Cameron PJ, Islam MS, Stranks SD. Substitution of lead with tin suppresses ionic transport in halide perovskite optoelectronics. Energy Environ Sci 2024; 17:760-769. [PMID: 38269299 PMCID: PMC10805128 DOI: 10.1039/d3ee03772j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Despite the rapid rise in the performance of a variety of perovskite optoelectronic devices with vertical charge transport, the effects of ion migration remain a common and longstanding Achilles' heel limiting the long-term operational stability of lead halide perovskite devices. However, there is still limited understanding of the impact of tin (Sn) substitution on the ion dynamics of lead (Pb) halide perovskites. Here, we employ scan-rate-dependent current-voltage measurements on Pb and mixed Pb-Sn perovskite solar cells to show that short circuit current losses at lower scan rates, which can be traced to the presence of mobile ions, are present in both kinds of perovskites. To understand the kinetics of ion migration, we carry out scan-rate-dependent hysteresis analyses and temperature-dependent impedance spectroscopy measurements, which demonstrate suppressed ion migration in Pb-Sn devices compared to their Pb-only analogues. By linking these experimental observations to first-principles calculations on mixed Pb-Sn perovskites, we reveal the key role played by Sn vacancies in increasing the iodide ion migration barrier due to local structural distortions. These results highlight the beneficial effect of Sn substitution in mitigating undesirable ion migration in halide perovskites, with potential implications for future device development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishanu Dey
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Dibyajyoti Ghosh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas India
| | | | - Samuel R Pering
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University Loughborough UK
| | - Bart Roose
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Priyanka Deswal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas India
| | - Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Nanoelectronics and Device Physics Lab,School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni India
| | | | | | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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3
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Zhang Y, Ummadisingu A, Shivanna R, Tjhe DHL, Un HI, Xiao M, Friend RH, Senanayak SP, Sirringhaus H. Direct Observation of Contact Reaction Induced Ion Migration and its Effect on Non-Ideal Charge Transport in Lead Triiodide Perovskite Field-Effect Transistors. Small 2023; 19:e2302494. [PMID: 37300316 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The migration of ionic defects and electrochemical reactions with metal electrodes remains one of the most important research challenges for organometal halide perovskite optoelectronic devices. There is still a lack of understanding of how the formation of mobile ionic defects impact charge carrier transport and operational device stability, particularly in perovskite field-effect transistors (FETs), which tend to exhibit anomalous device characteristics. Here, the evolution of the n-type FET characteristics of one of the most widely studied materials, Cs0.05 FA0.17 MA0.78 PbI3, is investigated during repeated measurement cycles as a function of different metal source-drain contacts and precursor stoichiometry. The channel current increases for high work function metals and decreases for low work function metals when multiple cycles of transfer characteristics are measured. The cycling behavior is also sensitive to the precursor stoichiometry. These metal/stoichiometry-dependent device non-idealities are correlated with the quenching of photoluminescence near the positively biased electrode. Based on elemental analysis using electron microscopy the observations can be understood by an n-type doping effect of metallic ions that are created by an electrochemical interaction at the metal-semiconductor interface and migrate into the channel. The findings improve the understanding of ion migration, contact reactions, and the origin of non-idealities in lead triiodide perovskite FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcheng Zhang
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Amita Ummadisingu
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Ravichandran Shivanna
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Dionisius Hardjo Lukito Tjhe
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Hio-Ieng Un
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Mingfei Xiao
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Richard H Friend
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Nanoelectronics and Device Physics Lab, School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, An OCC of HBNI, Jatni, 752050, India
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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4
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Singh A, Muduli C, Senanayak SP, Goswami L. Graphite nanopowder incorporated xanthan gum scaffold for effective bone tissue regeneration purposes with improved biomineralization. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123724. [PMID: 36801298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In the current work, biomaterial composed of Xanthan gum and Diethylene glycol dimethacrylate with impregnation of graphite nanopowder filler in their matrices was fabricated successfully for their potential usage in the engineering of bone defects. Various physicochemical properties associated with the biomaterial were characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM etc. The biomaterial rheological studies imparted the better notable properties associated with the inclusion of graphite nanopowder. The biomaterial synthesized exhibited a controlled drug release. Adhesion and proliferation of different secondary cell lines do not generate ROS on the current biomaterial and thus show its biocompatibility and non-toxic nature. The synthesized biomaterial's osteogenic potential on SaOS-2 cells was supported by increased ALP activity, enhanced differentiation and biomineralization under osteoinductive circumstances. The current biomaterial demonstrates that in addition to the drug-delivery applications, it can also be a cost-effective substrate for cellular activities and has all the necessary properties to be considered as a promising alternative material suitable for repairing and restoring bone tissues. We propose that this biomaterial may have commercial importance in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Singh
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Chinmayee Muduli
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751002, India
| | - Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Nanoelectronics and Device Physics Lab, School of Physical Science, National Institute of Science Education and Research, An OCC of HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - Luna Goswami
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, India; School of Chemical Technology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, India.
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5
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Murali AC, Nayak P, Nayak S, Das S, Senanayak SP, Venkatasubbaiah K. Boron-Thioketonates: A New Class of S,O-Chelated Boranes as Acceptors in Optoelectronic Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216871. [PMID: 36650612 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Development of new n-type semiconductors with tunable band gap and dielectric constant has significant implication in dissociating bound charge carrier relevant for demonstrating high performance optoelectronic devices. Boron-β-thioketonates (MTDKB), analogues to boron-β-diketonates containing a sulfur atom in the framework of β-diketones were synthesized. Bulk transport measurement exhibited an outstanding bulk electron mobility of ≈0.003 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which is among the best values reported till date in these class of semiconducting materials and correspondingly a single junction photo responsivity of upto 6 mA W-1 was obtained. This new family of O,S-chelated boron compounds exhibited luminescence in the far red/near-infrared region. The remarkable red shift of 89 nm (fluorescence) observed for 4 a in comparison with analogues boron-β-diketonate signifies the importance of sulfur in these molecules. MTDKBs with amine functionality have also been investigated as an ON/OFF fluorescent sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chandrasekar Murali
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Prakash Nayak
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Shashwat Nayak
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Sabyasachi Das
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences (CIS), National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, 752050, Odisha, India.,School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Krishnan Venkatasubbaiah
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, 752050, Odisha, India.,Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences (CIS), National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, 752050, Odisha, India
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6
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Samanta R, Das S, Mondal S, Alkhidir T, Mohamed S, Senanayak SP, Reddy CM. Elastic organic semiconducting single crystals for durable all-flexible field-effect transistors: insights into the bending mechanism. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1363-1371. [PMID: 36794186 PMCID: PMC9906658 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05217b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many examples of mechanically flexible crystals are currently known, their utility in all-flexible devices is not yet adequately demonstrated, despite their immense potential for fabricating high performance flexible devices. Here, we report two alkylated diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) semiconducting single crystals, one of which displays impressive elastic mechanical flexibility whilst the other is brittle. Using the single crystal structures and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we show that the methylated diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP-diMe) crystals, with dominant π-stacking interactions and large contributions from dispersive interactions, are superior in terms of their stress tolerance and field-effect mobility (μ FET) when compared to the brittle crystals of the ethylated diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative (DPP-diEt). Periodic dispersion-corrected DFT calculations revealed that upon the application of 3% uniaxial strain along the crystal growth (a)-axis, the elastically flexible DPP-diMe crystal displays a soft energy barrier of only 0.23 kJ mol-1 while the brittle DPP-diEt crystal displays a significantly larger energy barrier of 3.42 kJ mol-1, in both cases relative to the energy of the strain-free crystal. Such energy-structure-function correlations are currently lacking in the growing literature on mechanically compliant molecular crystals and have the potential to support a deeper understanding of the mechanism of mechanical bending. The field effect transistors (FETs) made of flexible substrates using elastic microcrystals of DPP-diMe retained μ FET (from 0.019 cm2 V-1 s-1 to 0.014 cm2 V-1 s-1) more efficiently even after 40 bending cycles when compared to the brittle microcrystals of DPP-diEt which showed a significant drop in μ FET just after 10 bending cycles. Our results not only provide valuable insights into the bending mechanism, but also demonstrate the untapped potential of mechanically flexible semiconducting crystals for designing all flexible durable field-effect transistor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranita Samanta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur Nadia West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Susobhan Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur Nadia West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Saikat Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur Nadia West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Tamador Alkhidir
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Sharmarke Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Nanoelectronics and Device Physics Lab, School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, An OCC of HBNI Jatni 752050 India
| | - C Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur Nadia West Bengal 741246 India
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7
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Senanayak SP, Dey K, Shivanna R, Li W, Ghosh D, Zhang Y, Roose B, Zelewski SJ, Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, Wood W, Tiwale N, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Friend RH, Stranks SD, Sirringhaus H. Charge transport in mixed metal halide perovskite semiconductors. Nat Mater 2023; 22:216-224. [PMID: 36702888 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the inherent field-driven charge transport behaviour of three-dimensional lead halide perovskites has largely remained challenging, owing to undesirable ionic migration effects near room temperature and dipolar disorder instabilities prevalent specifically in methylammonium-and-lead-based high-performing three-dimensional perovskite compositions. Here, we address both these challenges and demonstrate that field-effect transistors based on methylammonium-free, mixed metal (Pb/Sn) perovskite compositions do not suffer from ion migration effects as notably as their pure-Pb counterparts and reliably exhibit hysteresis-free p-type transport with a mobility reaching 5.4 cm2 V-1 s-1. The reduced ion migration is visualized through photoluminescence microscopy under bias and is manifested as an activated temperature dependence of the field-effect mobility with a low activation energy (~48 meV) consistent with the presence of the shallow defects present in these materials. An understanding of the long-range electronic charge transport in these inherently doped mixed metal halide perovskites will contribute immensely towards high-performance optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Nanoelectronics and Device Physics Lab, National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Physical Sciences, HBNI, Jatni, India.
| | - Krishanu Dey
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ravichandran Shivanna
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- College of Physics, MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Dibyajyoti Ghosh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, India
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bart Roose
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Szymon J Zelewski
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zahra Andaji-Garmaroudi
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William Wood
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nikhil Tiwale
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | | | - Richard H Friend
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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8
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Murali AC, Nayak P, Nayak S, Das S, Senanayak SP, Venkatasubbaiah K. Boron‐thioketonates: A new class of S,O‐chelated boranes as acceptors in optoelectronic devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202216871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Prakash Nayak
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Chemical Sciences INDIA
| | - Shashwat Nayak
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Physical Sciences INDIA
| | - Sabyasachi Das
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Physical Sciences INDIA
| | | | - Krishnan Venkatasubbaiah
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Chemical Sciences NISER 752050 Bhubaneswar INDIA
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9
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Das S, Mandal A, Alam MT, Kumar C, Sarkar A, Senanayak SP, Bhattacharyya S, Zade SS. 4nπ Stable Multitasking Azapentacene: Acidochromism, Hole Mobility, and Visible Light Photoresponse. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:37982-37989. [PMID: 35947785 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis, characterization, and optoelectronic investigation of a stable 4nπ dihydrotetraazapentacene derivative. The neutral dihydrotetraazapentacene contains a 24π-conjugated N-heteroacene core with two phenyl pendants appended thereof. The exceptional stability of this formally antiaromatic π-system is attributed to the fused dihydropyrazine ring, which has ethenamine (enamine) conjugations, and hence, the π-electrons delocalize over the nearly planar azapentacene core to endow with a global aromatic characteristic. The embedded dihydropyrazine also offers an additional Clar's sextet with enhanced aromaticity. The present dihydrotetraazapentacene can be considered as a multitasking N-heteroacene, which showed photoresponsive nature under visible light illumination, acidochromism in solution, and p-type charge transport with an appreciable field-effect hole mobility of 0.02 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a bulk p-type mobility of 0.98 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 in the space charge-limited regime of operation measured in the hole-only device. Nucleus-independent chemical shift calculation, anisotropy of the induced current density plot, and anisotropic mobility calculation were performed to support the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarasija Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Md Tousif Alam
- Nanoelectronics and Device Physics Lab, School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, OCC of HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayan Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Nanoelectronics and Device Physics Lab, School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, OCC of HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - Sayan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjio S Zade
- Department of Chemical Sciences, and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
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10
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Tailor NK, Senanayak SP, Abdi-Jalebi M, Satapathi S. Low-frequency carrier kinetics in triple cation perovskite solar cells probed by impedance and modulus spectroscopy. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Greenfield JL, Di Nuzzo D, Evans EW, Senanayak SP, Schott S, Deacon JT, Peugeot A, Myers WK, Sirringhaus H, Friend RH, Nitschke JR. Electrically Induced Mixed Valence Increases the Conductivity of Copper Helical Metallopolymers. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2100403. [PMID: 33955595 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the flow of electrical current at the nanoscale typically requires complex top-down approaches. Here, a bottom-up approach is employed to demonstrate resistive switching within molecular wires that consist of double-helical metallopolymers and are constructed by self-assembly. When the material is exposed to an electric field, it is determined that ≈25% of the copper atoms oxidize from CuI to CuII , without rupture of the polymer chain. The ability to sustain such a high level of oxidation is unprecedented in a copper-based molecule: it is made possible here by the double helix compressing in order to satisfy the new coordination geometry required by CuII . This mixed-valence structure exhibits a 104 -fold increase in conductivity, which is projected to last on the order of years. The increase in conductivity is explained as being promoted by the creation, upon oxidation, of partly filled d z 2 orbitals aligned along the mixed-valence copper array; the long-lasting nature of the change in conductivity is due to the structural rearrangement of the double-helix, which poses an energetic barrier to re-reduction. This work establishes helical metallopolymers as a new platform for controlling currents at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake L Greenfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Daniele Di Nuzzo
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Emrys W Evans
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | | | - Sam Schott
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jason T Deacon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Adele Peugeot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - William K Myers
- Centre for Advanced ESR, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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12
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Xiao M, Carey RL, Chen H, Jiao X, Lemaur V, Schott S, Nikolka M, Jellett C, Sadhanala A, Rogers S, Senanayak SP, Onwubiko A, Han S, Zhang Z, Abdi-Jalebi M, Zhang Y, Thomas TH, Mahmoudi N, Lai L, Selezneva E, Ren X, Nguyen M, Wang Q, Jacobs I, Yue W, McNeill CR, Liu G, Beljonne D, McCulloch I, Sirringhaus H. Charge transport physics of a unique class of rigid-rod conjugated polymers with fused-ring conjugated units linked by double carbon-carbon bonds. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabe5280. [PMID: 33910909 PMCID: PMC8081371 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe5280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the charge transport physics of a previously unidentified class of electron-deficient conjugated polymers that do not contain any single bonds linking monomer units along the backbone but only double-bond linkages. Such polymers would be expected to behave as rigid rods, but little is known about their actual chain conformations and electronic structure. Here, we present a detailed study of the structural and charge transport properties of a family of four such polymers. By adopting a copolymer design, we achieve high electron mobilities up to 0.5 cm2 V-1 s-1 Field-induced electron spin resonance measurements of charge dynamics provide evidence for relatively slow hopping over, however, long distances. Our work provides important insights into the factors that limit charge transport in this unique class of polymers and allows us to identify molecular design strategies for achieving even higher levels of performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Xiao
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Remington L Carey
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Hu Chen
- KSC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuechen Jiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, BE-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Sam Schott
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Mark Nikolka
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Cameron Jellett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sarah Rogers
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - Ada Onwubiko
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sanyang Han
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Zhilong Zhang
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Tudor H Thomas
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Najet Mahmoudi
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Lianglun Lai
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Ekaterina Selezneva
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Xinglong Ren
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Malgorzata Nguyen
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Qijing Wang
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Ian Jacobs
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Wan Yue
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Guoming Liu
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, BE-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Iain McCulloch
- KSC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
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13
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Mandal A, Ghosh A, Senanayak SP, Friend RH, Bhattacharyya S. Thickness-Attuned CsPbBr 3 Nanosheets with Enhanced p-Type Field Effect Mobility. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1560-1566. [PMID: 33534600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the invention of field effect transistors (FETs) in the mid-20th century, nanosheet (NS) transistors have been considered the future toward fulfilling Moore's law of scaling. Moving beyond conventional semiconductors, thickness tunable orthorhombic CsPbBr3 NSs are achieved by a perfect control in which the lateral dimension can be extended close to 1 μm. While 18-carbon-chain ligands produce ∼4.5 nm thick NSs, the strongly adsorbed less dynamic 8-carbon-chain ligands result in ∼9.2 nm NSs. Equipped with a minimum trap state density, a lower effective mass of charge carriers, and better carrier transport, the NSs enable an order of magnitude increase in the field effect mobility as compared to that of CsPbBr3 nanocubes, thus revealing the efficacy of designing the two-dimensional morphology. The p-type field effect mobility (μFET) of the photoexcited NSs reaches 10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 200 K upon mitigation of the challenges of ionic screening and constrained tunneling probability across organic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Anima Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Sayan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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14
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Bourelle SA, Shivanna R, Camargo FVA, Ghosh S, Gillett AJ, Senanayak SP, Feldmann S, Eyre L, Ashoka A, van de Goor TWJ, Abolins H, Winkler T, Cerullo G, Friend RH, Deschler F. How Exciton Interactions Control Spin-Depolarization in Layered Hybrid Perovskites. Nano Lett 2020; 20:5678-5685. [PMID: 32574069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using circularly polarized broadband transient absorption, time-resolved circular photoluminescence, and transient Faraday rotation spectroscopy, we report that spin-dependent interactions have a significant impact on exciton energies and spin depolarization times in layered Ruddlesden-Popper hybrid metal-halide perovskites. In BA2FAPb2I7, we report that room-temperature spin lifetimes are largest (3.2 ps) at a carrier density of ∼1017 cm-3 with increasing depolarization rates at higher exciton densities. This indicates that many-body interactions reduce spin-lifetimes and outcompete the effect of D'yakonov-Perel precessional relaxation that has been previously reported at lower carrier densities. We further observe a dynamic circular dichroism that arises from a photoinduced polarization in the exciton distribution between total angular momentum states. Our findings provide fundamental and application relevant insights into the spin-dependent exciton-exciton interactions in layered hybrid perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Bourelle
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ravichandran Shivanna
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Franco V A Camargo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Soumen Ghosh
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alexander J Gillett
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | - Sascha Feldmann
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Lissa Eyre
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Walter-Schottky-Institute, Physics Department, Technical University Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, D-85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Arjun Ashoka
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Tim W J van de Goor
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Haralds Abolins
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Winkler
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Deschler
- Walter-Schottky-Institute, Physics Department, Technical University Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, D-85748, Garching bei München, Germany
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15
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Xiao M, Kang B, Lee SB, Perdigão LMA, Luci A, Warr DA, Senanayak SP, Nikolka M, Statz M, Wu Y, Sadhanala A, Schott S, Carey R, Wang Q, Lee M, Kim C, Onwubiko A, Jellett C, Liao H, Yue W, Cho K, Costantini G, McCulloch I, Sirringhaus H. Anisotropy of Charge Transport in a Uniaxially Aligned Fused Electron-Deficient Polymer Processed by Solution Shear Coating. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2000063. [PMID: 32363687 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of the microstructure in organic semiconductors (OSCs) is essential for developing high-performance organic electronic devices. Here, a comprehensive charge transport characterization of two recently reported rigid-rod conjugated polymers that do not contain single bonds in the main chain is reported. It is demonstrated that the molecular design of the polymer makes it possible to achieve an extended linear backbone structure, which can be directly visualized by high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The rigid structure of the polymers allows the formation of thin films with uniaxially aligned polymer chains by using a simple one-step solution-shear/bar coating technique. These aligned films show a high optical anisotropy with a dichroic ratio of up to a factor of 6. Transport measurements performed using top-gate bottom-contact field-effect transistors exhibit a high saturation electron mobility of 0.2 cm2 V-1 s-1 along the alignment direction, which is more than six times higher than the value reported in the previous work. This work demonstrates that this new class of polymers is able to achieve mobility values comparable to state-of-the-art n-type polymers and identifies an effective processing strategy for this class of rigid-rod polymer system to optimize their charge transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Xiao
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Boseok Kang
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Baek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Luís M A Perdigão
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alex Luci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Daniel A Warr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Mark Nikolka
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Martin Statz
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Yutian Wu
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Sam Schott
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Remington Carey
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Qijing Wang
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Mijung Lee
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ada Onwubiko
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Cameron Jellett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hailiang Liao
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wan Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- KSC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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16
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Senanayak SP, Abdi-Jalebi M, Kamboj VS, Carey R, Shivanna R, Tian T, Schweicher G, Wang J, Giesbrecht N, Di Nuzzo D, Beere HE, Docampo P, Ritchie DA, Fairen-Jimenez D, Friend RH, Sirringhaus H. A general approach for hysteresis-free, operationally stable metal halide perovskite field-effect transistors. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaz4948. [PMID: 32300658 PMCID: PMC7148112 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite sustained research, application of lead halide perovskites in field-effect transistors (FETs) has substantial concerns in terms of operational instabilities and hysteresis effects which are linked to its ionic nature. Here, we investigate the mechanism behind these instabilities and demonstrate an effective route to suppress them to realize high-performance perovskite FETs with low hysteresis, high threshold voltage stability (ΔVt < 2 V over 10 hours of continuous operation), and high mobility values >1 cm2/V·s at room temperature. We show that multiple cation incorporation using strain-relieving cations like Cs and cations such as Rb, which act as passivation/crystallization modifying agents, is an effective strategy for reducing vacancy concentration and ion migration in perovskite FETs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that treatment of perovskite films with positive azeotrope solvents that act as Lewis bases (acids) enables a further reduction in defect density and substantial improvement in performance and stability of n-type (p-type) perovskite devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyaprasad P. Senanayak
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- CSIR- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Bhubaneswar–751 013, Odisha, India
| | - Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Varun S. Kamboj
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Remington Carey
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Ravichandran Shivanna
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Tian Tian
- Adsorption and Advanced Materials (AAM) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Guillaume Schweicher
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Junzhan Wang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Nadja Giesbrecht
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität-München, Butenandtstr, München, Germany
| | - Daniele Di Nuzzo
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Harvey E. Beere
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Pablo Docampo
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität-München, Butenandtstr, München, Germany
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - David A. Ritchie
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Physics, Swansea University, Sketty, Swansea SA2 8PQ, UK
| | - David Fairen-Jimenez
- Adsorption and Advanced Materials (AAM) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
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17
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Bowman AR, Klug MT, Doherty TAS, Farrar MD, Senanayak SP, Wenger B, Divitini G, Booker EP, Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, Macpherson S, Ruggeri E, Sirringhaus H, Snaith HJ, Stranks SD. Microsecond Carrier Lifetimes, Controlled p-Doping, and Enhanced Air Stability in Low-Bandgap Metal Halide Perovskites. ACS Energy Lett 2019; 4:2301-2307. [PMID: 31544151 PMCID: PMC6748266 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mixed lead-tin halide perovskites have sufficiently low bandgaps (∼1.2 eV) to be promising absorbers for perovskite-perovskite tandem solar cells. Previous reports on lead-tin perovskites have typically shown poor optoelectronic properties compared to neat lead counterparts: short photoluminescence lifetimes (<100 ns) and low photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (<1%). Here, we obtain films with carrier lifetimes exceeding 1 μs and, through addition of small quantities of zinc iodide to the precursor solutions, photoluminescence quantum efficiencies under solar illumination intensities of 2.5%. The zinc additives also substantially enhance the film stability in air, and we use cross-sectional chemical mapping to show that this enhanced stability is because of a reduction in tin-rich clusters. By fabricating field-effect transistors, we observe that the introduction of zinc results in controlled p-doping. Finally, we show that zinc additives also enhance power conversion efficiencies and the stability of solar cells. Our results demonstrate substantially improved low-bandgap perovskites for solar cells and versatile electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Bowman
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew T. Klug
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Tiarnan A. S. Doherty
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D. Farrar
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Satyaprasad P. Senanayak
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Wenger
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles
Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Edward P. Booker
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Zahra Andaji-Garmaroudi
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Macpherson
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Edoardo Ruggeri
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Henry J. Snaith
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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18
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Wang J, Senanayak SP, Liu J, Hu Y, Shi Y, Li Z, Zhang C, Yang B, Jiang L, Di D, Ievlev AV, Ovchinnikova OS, Ding T, Deng H, Tang L, Guo Y, Wang J, Xiao K, Venkateshvaran D, Jiang L, Zhu D, Sirringhaus H. Investigation of Electrode Electrochemical Reactions in CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 Perovskite Single-Crystal Field-Effect Transistors. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1902618. [PMID: 31293012 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices based on metal halide perovskites, including solar cells and light-emitting diodes, have attracted tremendous research attention globally in the last decade. Due to their potential to achieve high carrier mobilities, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials can enable high-performance, solution-processed field-effect transistors (FETs) for next-generation, low-cost, flexible electronic circuits and displays. However, the performance of perovskite FETs is hampered predominantly by device instabilities, whose origin remains poorly understood. Here, perovskite single-crystal FETs based on methylammonium lead bromide are studied and device instabilities due to electrochemical reactions at the interface between the perovskite and gold source-drain top contacts are investigated. Despite forming the contacts by a gentle, soft lamination method, evidence is found that even at such "ideal" interfaces, a defective, intermixed layer is formed at the interface upon biasing of the device. Using a bottom-contact, bottom-gate architecture, it is shown that it is possible to minimize such a reaction through a chemical modification of the electrodes, and this enables fabrication of perovskite single-crystal FETs with high mobility of up to ≈15 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 80 K. This work addresses one of the key challenges toward the realization of high-performance solution-processed perovskite FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhan Wang
- Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | | | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yanjun Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zelun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Caixin Zhang
- China State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bingyan Yang
- Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Longfeng Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dawei Di
- Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Anton V Ievlev
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bldg 8610, MS-6488, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Olga S Ovchinnikova
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bldg 8610, MS-6488, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Tao Ding
- Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Huixiong Deng
- China State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liming Tang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianpu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bldg 8610, MS-6488, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Deepak Venkateshvaran
- Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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19
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Abdi-Jalebi M, Ibrahim Dar M, Senanayak SP, Sadhanala A, Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, Pazos-Outón LM, Richter JM, Pearson AJ, Sirringhaus H, Grätzel M, Friend RH. Charge extraction via graded doping of hole transport layers gives highly luminescent and stable metal halide perovskite devices. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav2012. [PMID: 30793032 PMCID: PMC6377269 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
One source of instability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is interfacial defects, particularly those that exist between the perovskite and the hole transport layer (HTL). We demonstrate that thermally evaporated dopant-free tetracene (120 nm) on top of the perovskite layer, capped with a lithium-doped Spiro-OMeTAD layer (200 nm) and top gold electrode, offers an excellent hole-extracting stack with minimal interfacial defect levels. For a perovskite layer interfaced between these graded HTLs and a mesoporous TiO2 electron-extracting layer, its photoluminescence yield reaches 15% compared to 5% for the perovskite layer interfaced between TiO2 and Spiro-OMeTAD alone. For PSCs with graded HTL structure, we demonstrate efficiency of up to 21.6% and an extended power output of over 550 hours of continuous illumination at AM1.5G, retaining more than 90% of the initial performance and thus validating our approach. Our findings represent a breakthrough in the construction of stable PSCs with minimized nonradiative losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Corresponding author. (M.A.-J.); (R.H.F.)
| | - M. Ibrahim Dar
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Satyaprasad P. Senanayak
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Zahra Andaji-Garmaroudi
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Luis M. Pazos-Outón
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Johannes M. Richter
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Andrew J. Pearson
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Corresponding author. (M.A.-J.); (R.H.F.)
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20
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Singh A, Kamboj VS, Liu J, Llandro J, Duffy LB, Senanayak SP, Beere HE, Ionescu A, Ritchie DA, Hesjedal T, Barnes CHW. Systematic Study of Ferromagnetism in Cr xSb 2-xTe 3 Topological Insulator Thin Films using Electrical and Optical Techniques. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17024. [PMID: 30451885 PMCID: PMC6242999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferromagnetic ordering in a topological insulator can break time-reversal symmetry, realizing dissipationless electronic states in the absence of a magnetic field. The control of the magnetic state is of great importance for future device applications. We provide a detailed systematic study of the magnetic state in highly doped CrxSb2−xTe3 thin films using electrical transport, magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements and terahertz time domain spectroscopy, and also report an efficient electric gating of ferromagnetic order using the electrolyte ionic liquid [DEME][TFSI]. Upon increasing the Cr concentration from x = 0.15 to 0.76, the Curie temperature (Tc) was observed to increase by ~5 times to 176 K. In addition, it was possible to modify the magnetic moment by up to 50% with a gate bias variation of just ±3 V, which corresponds to an increase in carrier density by 50%. Further analysis on a sample with x = 0.76 exhibits a clear insulator-metal transition at Tc, indicating the consistency between the electrical and optical measurements. The direct correlation obtained between the carrier density and ferromagnetism - in both electrostatic and chemical doping - using optical and electrical means strongly suggests a carrier-mediated Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida (RKKY) coupling scenario. Our low-voltage means of manipulating ferromagnetism, and consistency in optical and electrical measurements provides a way to realize exotic quantum states for spintronic and low energy magneto-electronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angadjit Singh
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.
| | - Varun S Kamboj
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jieyi Liu
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Llandro
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Liam B Duffy
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.,ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), B-25, CNI complex, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Harvey E Beere
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Ionescu
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - David A Ritchie
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Thorsten Hesjedal
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.
| | - Crispin H W Barnes
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.
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21
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Senanayak SP, Sangwan VK, McMorrow JJ, Everaerts K, Chen Z, Facchetti A, Hersam MC, Marks TJ, Narayan KS. Self-Assembled Photochromic Molecular Dipoles for High-Performance Polymer Thin-Film Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:21492-21498. [PMID: 29847908 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-performance multifunctional polymer-based electronic circuits is a major step toward future flexible electronics. Here, we demonstrate a tunable approach to fabricate such devices based on rationally designed dielectric super-lattice structures with photochromic azobenzene molecules. These nanodielectrics possessing ionic, molecular, and atomic polarization are utilized in polymer thin-film transistors (TFTs) to realize high-performance electronics with a p-type field-effect mobility (μFET) exceeding 2 cm2 V-1 s-1. A crossover in the transport mechanism from electrostatic dipolar disorder to ionic-induced disorder is observed in the transistor characteristics over a range of temperatures. The facile supramolecular design allows the possibility to optically control the extent of molecular and ionic polarization in the ultrathin nanodielectric. Thus, we demonstrate a 3-fold increase in the capacitance from 0.1 to 0.34 μF/cm2, which results in a 200% increase in TFT channel current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Bangalore 560064 , India
- Optoelectronics Group , Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , U.K
| | | | | | | | - Zhihua Chen
- Flexterra Inc. , 8025 Lamon Avenue , Skokie , Illinois 60077 , United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Flexterra Inc. , 8025 Lamon Avenue , Skokie , Illinois 60077 , United States
| | | | | | - K S Narayan
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Bangalore 560064 , India
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22
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Abstract
Here, we demonstrate the incorporation of monovalent cation additives into CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite in order to adjust the optical, excitonic, and electrical properties. The possibility of doping was investigated by adding monovalent cation halides with similar ionic radii to Pb2+, including Cu+, Na+, and Ag+. A shift in the Fermi level and a remarkable decrease of sub-bandgap optical absorption, along with a lower energetic disorder in the perovskite, was achieved. An order-of-magnitude enhancement in the bulk hole mobility and a significant reduction of transport activation energy within an additive-based perovskite device was attained. The confluence of the aforementioned improved properties in the presence of these cations led to an enhancement in the photovoltaic parameters of the perovskite solar cell. An increase of 70 mV in open circuit voltage for AgI and a 2 mA/cm2 improvement in photocurrent density for NaI- and CuBr-based solar cells were achieved compared to the pristine device. Our work paves the way for further improvements in the optoelectronic quality of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite and subsequent devices. It highlights a new avenue for investigations on the role of dopant impurities in crystallization and controls the electronic defect density in perovskite structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Ibrahim Dar
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
| | | | | | - Michael Grätzel
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
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23
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Senanayak SP, Yang B, Thomas TH, Giesbrecht N, Huang W, Gann E, Nair B, Goedel K, Guha S, Moya X, McNeill CR, Docampo P, Sadhanala A, Friend RH, Sirringhaus H. Understanding charge transport in lead iodide perovskite thin-film field-effect transistors. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1601935. [PMID: 28138550 PMCID: PMC5271592 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental understanding of the charge transport physics of hybrid lead halide perovskite semiconductors is important for advancing their use in high-performance optoelectronics. We use field-effect transistors (FETs) to probe the charge transport mechanism in thin films of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). We show that through optimization of thin-film microstructure and source-drain contact modifications, it is possible to significantly minimize instability and hysteresis in FET characteristics and demonstrate an electron field-effect mobility (μFET) of 0.5 cm2/Vs at room temperature. Temperature-dependent transport studies revealed a negative coefficient of mobility with three different temperature regimes. On the basis of electrical and spectroscopic studies, we attribute the three different regimes to transport limited by ion migration due to point defects associated with grain boundaries, polarization disorder of the MA+ cations, and thermal vibrations of the lead halide inorganic cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyaprasad P. Senanayak
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Corresponding author. (S.P.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Bingyan Yang
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Tudor H. Thomas
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Nadja Giesbrecht
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 11, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Wenchao Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Eliot Gann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Bhaskaran Nair
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Karl Goedel
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Suchi Guha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, 223 Physics Building, Columbia, MO 65211–7010, USA
| | - Xavier Moya
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Christopher R. McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Pablo Docampo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 11, 81377 München, Germany
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Newcastle University, Merz Court, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Corresponding author. (S.P.S.); (H.S.)
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24
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Pandeeswar M, Senanayak SP, Govindaraju T. Nanoarchitectonics of Small Molecule and DNA for Ultrasensitive Detection of Mercury. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:30362-30371. [PMID: 27753489 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Reliable and ultrasensitive detection of mercury ions is of paramount importance for toxicology assessment, environmental protection, and human health. Herein, we present a novel optoelectronic approach based on nanoarchitectonics of small-molecule templated DNA system that consists of an adenine (A)-conjugated small organic semiconductor (BNA) and deoxyribo-oligothymidine (dTn). This mutually templated dynamic chiral coassembly system (BNAn-dTn) with tunable chiroptical, morphological, and electrical properties is tapped in to enable ultrasensitive and selective detection of inorganic and organometallic mercury in water. We observe a rapid transformation of the BNAn-dTn coassembly into a metallo-DNA duplex [dT-Hg-dT]n in the presence of mercury, which is utilized for a chiro-optical and conductivity-based rapid and subnanomolar sensitivity (≥0.1 nM, 0.02 ppb) to mercury ions in water (∼100 times lower than United States Environmental Protection Agency tolerance limit). This ultrasensitive detection of inorganic and organometallic mercury is driven by a novel chemical design principle that allows strong mercury thymine interaction. This study is anticipated to inspire the development of future templated DNA nanotechnology-based optoelectronic devices for the rapid and ultrasensitive detection of numerous other toxic analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pandeeswar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and ‡Molecular Electronics Lab, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and ‡Molecular Electronics Lab, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - T Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and ‡Molecular Electronics Lab, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
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25
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Mukhopadhyay T, Puttaraju B, Senanayak SP, Sadhanala A, Friend R, Faber HA, Anthopoulos TD, Salzner U, Meyer A, Patil S. Air-Stable n-channel Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Diketopyrrolopyrrole Oligomers for High Performance Ambipolar Organic Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:25415-25427. [PMID: 27592516 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
n-channel organic semiconductors are prone to oxidation upon exposed to ambient conditions. Herein, we report design and synthesis of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based oligomers for ambipolar organic thin-film transistors (OFETs) with excellent air and bias stability at ambient conditions. The cyclic voltammetry measurements reveal exceptional electrochemical stability during the redox cycle of oligomers. Structural properties including aggregation, crystallinity, and morphology in thin film were investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), thin-film X-ray diffraction (XRD), and grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) measurements. AFM reveals morphological changes induced by different processing conditions whereas GISAXS measurements show an increase in the population of face-on oriented crystallites in films subjected to a combination of solvent and thermal treatments. These measurements also highlight the significance of chalcogen atom from sulfur to selenium on the photophysical, optical, electronic, and solid-state properties of DPP-DPP oligomers. Charge carrier mobilities of the oligomers were investigated by fabricating top-gate bottom-contact (TG-BC) thin-film transistors by annealing the thin films under various conditions. Combined solvent and thermal annealing of DPP-DPP oligomer thin films results in consistent electron mobilities as high as ∼0.2 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) with an on/off ratio exceeding 10(4). Field-effect behavior was retained for up to ∼4 weeks, which illustrates remarkable air and bias stability. This work paves the way toward the development of n-channel DPP-DPP-based oligomers exhibiting retention of field-effect behavior with superior stability at ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushita Mukhopadhyay
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Boregowda Puttaraju
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik A Faber
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London , London 7W72BW, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London , London 7W72BW, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Salzner
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University , 06800 Bilkent/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Andreas Meyer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg , 20148 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Satish Patil
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
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26
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Abdi-Jalebi M, Dar MI, Sadhanala A, Senanayak SP, Giordano F, Zakeeruddin SM, Grätzel M, Friend RH. Impact of a Mesoporous Titania-Perovskite Interface on the Performance of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3264-9. [PMID: 27472458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the optimization of the interfacial properties of titania in mesoscopic CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells. Modification of the mesoporous TiO2 film by TiCl4 treatment substantially reduced the surface traps, as is evident from the sharpness of the absorption edge with a significant reduction in Urbach energy (from 320 to 140 meV) determined from photothermal deflection spectroscopy, and led to an order of magnitude enhancement in the bulk electron mobility and corresponding decrease in the transport activation energy (from 170 to 90 meV) within a device. After optimization of the photoanode-perovskite interface using various sizes of TiO2 nanoparticles, the best photovoltaic efficiency of 16.3% was achieved with the mesoporous TiO2 composed of 36 nm sized nanoparticles. The improvement in device performance can be attributed to the enhanced charge collection efficiency that is driven by improved charge transport in the mesoporous TiO2 layer. Also, the decreased recombination at the TiO2-perovskite interface and better perovskite coverage play important roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - M Ibrahim Dar
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) , Station 6, Lausanne, CH 1015, Switzerland
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrizio Giordano
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) , Station 6, Lausanne, CH 1015, Switzerland
| | - Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) , Station 6, Lausanne, CH 1015, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) , Station 6, Lausanne, CH 1015, Switzerland
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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27
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Pandeeswar M, Senanayak SP, Narayan KS, Govindaraju T. Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Charge-Transfer Hydrogel for Room-Temperature Organic Ferroelectric Thin-Film Devices. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8259-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makam Pandeeswar
- Bioorganic Chemistry
Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit,
and ‡Molecular Electronics
Lab, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Satyaprasad P. Senanayak
- Bioorganic Chemistry
Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit,
and ‡Molecular Electronics
Lab, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - K. S. Narayan
- Bioorganic Chemistry
Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit,
and ‡Molecular Electronics
Lab, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - T. Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry
Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit,
and ‡Molecular Electronics
Lab, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, India
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Kulkarni C, Bejagam KK, Senanayak SP, Narayan KS, Balasubramanian S, George SJ. Dipole-Moment-Driven Cooperative Supramolecular Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3924-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chidambar Kulkarni
- New
Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
- Chemistry
and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Karteek K. Bejagam
- Chemistry
and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Satyaprasad P. Senanayak
- Chemistry
and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - K. S. Narayan
- Chemistry
and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - S. Balasubramanian
- Chemistry
and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Subi J. George
- New
Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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Asatkar AK, Senanayak SP, Bedi A, Panda S, Narayan KS, Zade SS. Zn(ii) and Cu(ii) complexes of a new thiophene-based salphen-type ligand: solution-processable high-performance field-effect transistor materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:7036-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01360c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices based on solution-processed Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) complexes of a new thiophene-based salphen-type ligand exhibited high p-type mobilities (up to 1.5 cm2V−1s−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K. Asatkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741252, India
| | - Satyaprasad P. Senanayak
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Anjan Bedi
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741252, India
| | - Snigdha Panda
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741252, India
| | - K. S. Narayan
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sanjio S. Zade
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741252, India
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Pati PB, Senanayak SP, Narayan KS, Zade SS. Solution processable benzooxadiazole and benzothiadiazole based D-A-D molecules with chalcogenophene: field effect transistor study and structure property relationship. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:12460-12468. [PMID: 24237045 DOI: 10.1021/am403559a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present here the physicochemical characterization of a series of D-A-D type molecules which comprise benzooxadiazole (BDO) and benzothiadiazole (BDT) core symmetrically linked to two aromatic-heterols (furan (F), thiophene (T) and selenophene (Se)) at 4 and 7-positions. The molecular structures of four compounds 2 (T-BDO-T), 3 (Se-BDO-Se), 5 (T-BDT-T), and 6 (Se-BDT-Se) were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The combination of chalcogen atoms of benzochalcogenadiazole and chalcogenophene in D-A-D molecules has significant impact on their molecular packing in crystal structures. Structural analyses and theoretical calculations showed that all the molecules are nearly planar. Crystal structures of 2, 3, 5, and 6 showed significant short range interactions such as π···π, CH···π, S···π, Se···π, N···H, O···H, S···H, Se···H, S···O, and Se···N interactions, which influence crystal packing and orientation of the capped aromatic-heterol rings with respect to the central BDO or BDT unit. The π-stacking interactions have been observed via intermolecular overlap of the donor with acceptor units of the adjacent molecules which facilitate the charge transport process. Good thermal stability and solubility in common organic solvents make them good candidate for flexible electronics. Interestingly, the molecules 2, 3, and 6 have the propensity to form ordered crystallites when sheared during the drying process in the thin films. Devices based on these solution processable all organic FETs demonstrated hole mobility as high as 0.08 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and Ion/Ioff ratio of 10(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Palas Baran Pati
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata , PO: BCKV campus main office, Mohanpur 741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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Ukah NB, Senanayak SP, Adil D, Knotts G, Granstrom J, Narayan KS, Guha S. Enhanced mobility and environmental stability in all organic field-effect transistors: The role of high dipole moment solvent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ndubuisi B. Ukah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Missouri; Columbia; Missouri; 65211
| | - Satyaprasad P. Senanayak
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research; Bangalore; 560064; Karnataka; India
| | - Danish Adil
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Missouri; Columbia; Missouri; 65211
| | - Grant Knotts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Missouri; Columbia; Missouri; 65211
| | - Jimmy Granstrom
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics; Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta; Georgia; 30332
| | - K. S. Narayan
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research; Bangalore; 560064; Karnataka; India
| | - Suchi Guha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Missouri; Columbia; Missouri; 65211
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Bedi A, Senanayak SP, Narayan KS, Zade SS. Synthesis and characterization of copolymers based on cyclopenta[c]thiophene and bithiazole and their transistor properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Bedi
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Kolkata PO: BCKV campus main office, Mohanpur 741252 Nadia West Bengal India
| | - Satyaprasad P. Senanayak
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research; Bangalore 560064 Karnataka India
| | - K. S. Narayan
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research; Bangalore 560064 Karnataka India
| | - Sanjio S. Zade
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Kolkata PO: BCKV campus main office, Mohanpur 741252 Nadia West Bengal India
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Bedi A, Senanayak SP, Narayan KS, Zade SS. Synthesis of Solution-Processable Poly(cyclopenta[c]selenylvinylene) and Its Charge Transport Properties: Comparative Study with the Thiophene Analogue. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4008219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Bedi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, PO: BCKV Campus Main Office,
Mohanpur 741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Satyaprasad P. Senanayak
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - K. S. Narayan
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjio S. Zade
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, PO: BCKV Campus Main Office,
Mohanpur 741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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Kolhe NB, Devi RN, Senanayak SP, Jancy B, Narayan KS, Asha SK. Structure engineering of naphthalene diimides for improved charge carrier mobility: self-assembly by hydrogen bonding, good or bad? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32554c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Bedi A, Senanayak SP, Das S, Narayan KS, Zade SS. Cyclopenta[c]thiophene oligomers based solution processable D–A copolymers and their application as FET materials. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20032e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kolhe NB, Asha SK, Senanayak SP, Narayan KS. n-Type Field Effect Transistors Based on Rigid Rod and Liquid Crystalline Alternating Copoly(benzobisoxazole) Imides Containing Perylene and/or Naphthalene. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:16694-704. [DOI: 10.1021/jp107232u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh B. Kolhe
- Polymer Science & Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India, and Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakur, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - S. K. Asha
- Polymer Science & Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India, and Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakur, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Satyaprasad P. Senanayak
- Polymer Science & Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India, and Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakur, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - K. S. Narayan
- Polymer Science & Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India, and Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakur, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
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