1
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Moreira-Gomes T, Nóbrega C. From the disruption of RNA metabolism to the targeting of RNA-binding proteins: The case of polyglutamine spinocerebellar ataxias. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1442-1459. [PMID: 37990934 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Polyglutamine spinocerebellar ataxias (PolyQ SCAs) represent a group of monogenetic diseases in which the expanded polyglutamine repeats give rise to a mutated protein. The abnormally expanded polyglutamine protein produces aggregates and toxic species, causing neuronal dysfunction and neuronal death. The main symptoms of these disorders include progressive ataxia, motor dysfunction, oculomotor impairment, and swallowing problems. Nowadays, the current treatments are restricted to symptomatic alleviation, and no existing therapeutic strategies can reduce or stop the disease progression. Even though the origin of these disorders has been associated with polyglutamine-induced toxicity, RNA toxicity has recently gained relevance in polyQ SCAs molecular pathogenesis. Therefore, the research's focus on RNA metabolism has been increasing, especially on RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). The present review summarizes RNA metabolism, exposing the different processes and the main RBPs involved. We also explore the mechanisms by which RBPs are dysregulated in PolyQ SCAs. Finally, possible therapies targeting the RNA metabolism are presented as strategies to reverse neuropathological anomalies and mitigate physical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Moreira-Gomes
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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2
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Xin J, Huang S, Wen J, Li Y, Li A, Satyanarayanan SK, Yao X, Su H. Drug Screening and Validation Targeting TDP-43 Proteinopathy for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0440. [PMID: 38739934 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) stands as a rare, yet severely debilitating disorder marked by the deterioration of motor neurons (MNs) within the brain and spinal cord, which is accompanied by degenerated corticobulbar/corticospinal tracts and denervation in skeletal muscles. Despite ongoing research efforts, ALS remains incurable, attributed to its intricate pathogenic mechanisms. A notable feature in the pathology of ALS is the prevalence of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteinopathy, detected in approximately 97% of ALS cases, underscoring its significance in the disease's progression. As a result, strategies targeting the aberrant TDP-43 protein have garnered attention as a potential avenue for ALS therapy. This review delves into the existing drug screening systems aimed at TDP-43 proteinopathy and the models employed for drug efficacy validation. It also explores the hurdles encountered in the quest to develop potent medications against TDP-43 proteinopathy, offering insights into the intricacies of drug discovery and development for ALS. Through this comprehensive analysis, the review sheds light on the critical aspects of identifying and advancing therapeutic solutions for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Sen Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yunhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoli Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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3
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Sinha IR, Sandal PS, Burns GD, Mallika AP, Irwin KE, Cruz ALF, Wang V, Rodríguez JL, Wong PC, Ling JP. Large-scale RNA-seq mining reveals ciclopirox triggers TDP-43 cryptic exons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.27.587011. [PMID: 38585725 PMCID: PMC10996699 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.587011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 in neurons, initially identified in ALS-FTD, are hallmark pathological features observed across a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. We previously found that TDP-43 loss-of-function leads to the transcriptome-wide inclusion of deleterious cryptic exons in brains and biofluids post-mortem as well as during the presymptomatic stage of ALS-FTD, but upstream mechanisms that lead to TDP-43 dysregulation remain unclear. Here, we developed a web-based resource (SnapMine) to determine the levels of TDP-43 cryptic exon inclusion across hundreds of thousands of publicly available RNA sequencing datasets. We established cryptic exon inclusion across a variety of human cells and tissues to provide ground truth references for future studies on TDP-43 dysregulation. We then explored studies that were entirely unrelated to TDP-43 or neurodegeneration and found that ciclopirox olamine (CPX), an FDA-approved antifungal, can trigger the inclusion of TDP-43-associated cryptic exons in a variety of mouse and human primary cells. CPX induction of cryptic exon occurs via heavy metal toxicity and oxidative stress, suggesting that similar vulnerabilities could play a role in neurodegeneration. Our work demonstrates how diverse datasets can be linked through common biological features and underscores that public archives of sequencing data represent a vastly underutilized resource with tremendous potential for uncovering novel insights into complex biological mechanisms and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irika R Sinha
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Parker S Sandal
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Grace D Burns
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Katherine E Irwin
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anna Lourdes F Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Vania Wang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jonathan P Ling
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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4
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Chang HY, Wang IF. Restoring functional TDP-43 oligomers in ALS and laminopathic cellular models through baicalein-induced reconfiguration of TDP-43 aggregates. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4620. [PMID: 38409193 PMCID: PMC10897466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A group of misfolded prone-to-aggregate domains in disease-causing proteins has recently been shown to adopt unique conformations that play a role in fundamental biological processes. These processes include the formation of membrane-less sub-organelles, alternative splicing, and gene activation and silencing. The cellular responses are regulated by the conformational switching of prone-to-aggregate domains, independently of changes in RNA or protein expression levels. Given this, targeting the misfolded states of disease-causing proteins to redirect them towards their physiological conformations is emerging as an effective therapeutic strategy for diseases caused by protein misfolding. In our study, we successfully identified baicalein as a potent structure-correcting agent. Our findings demonstrate that baicalein can reconfigure existing TDP-43 aggregates into an oligomeric state both in vitro and in disease cells. This transformation effectively restores the bioactivity of misfolded TDP-43 proteins in cellular models of ALS and premature aging in progeria. Impressively, in progeria cells where defective lamin A interferes with TDP-43-mediated exon skipping, the formation of pathological TDP-43 aggregates is promoted. Baicalein, however, restores the functionality of TDP-43 and mitigates nuclear shape defects in these laminopathic cells. This establishes a connection between lamin A and TDP-43 in the context of aging. Our findings suggest that targeting physiological TDP-43 oligomers could offer a promising therapeutic avenue for treating aging-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yu Chang
- Garage Brain Science, B201, Central Taiwan Innovation Campus, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Nantou City, 540219, Taiwan
- Yee Fan Med Inc, Temple City, CA, 91780, USA
- SABNP Lab, Univ Evry, INSERM U1204, Université Paris-Saclay, 91025, Evry, France
| | - I-Fan Wang
- Garage Brain Science, B201, Central Taiwan Innovation Campus, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Nantou City, 540219, Taiwan.
- Yee Fan Med Inc, Temple City, CA, 91780, USA.
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5
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Mohanty P, Rizuan A, Kim YC, Fawzi NL, Mittal J. A complex network of interdomain interactions underlies the conformational ensemble of monomeric TDP-43 and modulates its phase behavior. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4891. [PMID: 38160320 PMCID: PMC10804676 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a multidomain protein involved in the regulation of RNA metabolism, and its aggregates have been observed in neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Numerous studies indicate TDP-43 can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in vitro and is a component of biological condensates. Homo-oligomerization via the folded N-terminal domain (aa:1-77) and the conserved helical region (aa:319-341) of the disordered, C-terminal domain is found to be an important driver of TDP-43 phase separation. However, a comprehensive molecular view of TDP-43 phase separation, particularly regarding the nature of heterodomain interactions, is lacking due to the challenges associated with its stability and purification. Here, we utilize all-atom and coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to uncover the network of interdomain interactions implicated in TDP-43 phase separation. All-atom simulations uncovered the presence of transient, interdomain interactions involving flexible linkers, RNA-recognition motif (RRM) domains and a charged segment of disordered C-terminal domain (CTD). CG simulations indicate these inter-domain interactions which affect the conformational landscape of TDP-43 in the dilute phase are also prevalent in the condensed phase. Finally, sequence and surface charge distribution analysis coupled with all-atom simulations (at high salt) confirmed that the transient interdomain contacts are predominantly electrostatic in nature. Overall, our findings from multiscale simulations lead to a greater appreciation of the complex interaction network underlying the structural landscape and phase separation of TDP-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyesh Mohanty
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Azamat Rizuan
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Young C. Kim
- Naval Research LaboratoryCenter for Materials Physics and TechnologyWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Nicolas L. Fawzi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and BiochemistryProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Jeetain Mittal
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
- Department of ChemistryTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics and GenomicsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
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6
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Acosta-Galeana I, Hernández-Martínez R, Reyes-Cruz T, Chiquete E, Aceves-Buendia JDJ. RNA-binding proteins as a common ground for neurodegeneration and inflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1193636. [PMID: 37475885 PMCID: PMC10355071 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1193636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurodegenerative and inflammatory illnesses of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis were once thought to be completely distinct entities that did not share any remarkable features, but new research is beginning to reveal more information about their similarities and differences. Here, we review some of the pathophysiological features of both diseases and their experimental models: RNA-binding proteins, energy balance, protein transportation, and protein degradation at the molecular level. We make a thorough analysis on TDP-43 and hnRNP A1 dysfunction, as a possible common ground in both pathologies, establishing a potential link between neurodegeneration and pathological immunity. Furthermore, we highlight the putative variations that diverge from a common ground in an atemporal course that proposes three phases for all relevant molecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tania Reyes-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erwin Chiquete
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose de Jesus Aceves-Buendia
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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7
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Chiang WC, Fang YS, Lye YS, Weng TY, Ganesan K, Huang SH, Chang LY, Chou SC, Chen YR. Hyperphosphorylation-Mimetic TDP-43 Drives Amyloid Formation and Possesses Neuronal Toxicity at the Oligomeric Stage. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2599-2612. [PMID: 36007056 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 proteinopathies cover a range of neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Hyperphosphorylated TDP-43 was found within the inclusion bodies in disease lesions; however, the role of hyperphosphorylation and the toxic species are still ambiguous. To characterize the hyperphosphorylation effect of TDP-43, here, we employed five serine mutations implicated in the diseases at serine locations 379, 403, 404, 409, and 410 in the C-terminus to aspartate (S5D) and to alanine (S5A). We systematically characterized the conformation, liquid-liquid phase separation, oligomerization, and fibrillization of TDP-43 variants. Results revealed that the recombinant TDP-43 variants readily formed structurally similar spherical oligomers, as evidenced by circular dichroism spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, the TDP-43 oligomer-specific antibody assay, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. After incubation, only the phosphor-mimic S5D TDP-43 formed thioflavin-positive amyloid fibrils, whereas wild-type and S5A TDP-43 formed amorphous aggregates. We also examined membrane disruption, the cytotoxicity of human neuroblastoma, and the synaptic loss of primary neurons induced by oligomers and large aggregates of TDP-43. The results showed that all oligomeric TDP-43 variants were toxic regardless of hyperphosphorylation, but the fibrils and amorphous aggregates were not. Overall, our results demonstrated the hyperphosphorylation effect on fibril formation and the toxicity attributed from TDP-43 oligomers. This study facilitates the understanding and therapeutic development for TDP-43 proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chin Chiang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Fang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Kuang-Fu Rd., Sec. 2., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yuh Shen Lye
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Weng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kiruthika Ganesan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Yun Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Chou
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Kuang-Fu Rd., Sec. 2., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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8
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Lye YS, Chen YR. TAR DNA-binding protein 43 oligomers in physiology and pathology. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:794-811. [PMID: 35229461 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is an RNA/DNA-binding protein involved in RNA regulation and diseases. In 2006, TDP-43 inclusions were found in the disease lesions of several neurodegenerative diseases. It is the pathological hallmark in both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar dementia. It also presents in a large portion of patients with Alzheimer's disease. TDP-43 is prone to aggregate; however, the role of TDP-43 oligomers remains poorly understood in both physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we emphasize the role of oligomeric TDP-43 in both physiological and pathological conditions and discuss the potential mechanisms of oligomer formation. Finally, we suggest therapeutic strategies against the TDP-43 oligomers in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh Shen Lye
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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TDP-43 pathology: from noxious assembly to therapeutic removal. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 211:102229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Lin LTW, Razzaq A, Di Gregorio SE, Hong S, Charles B, Lopes MH, Beraldo F, Prado VF, Prado MAM, Duennwald ML. Hsp90 and its co-chaperone Sti1 control TDP-43 misfolding and toxicity. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21594. [PMID: 33908654 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002645r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding is a central feature of most neurodegenerative diseases. Molecular chaperones can modulate the toxicity associated with protein misfolding, but it remains elusive which molecular chaperones and co-chaperones interact with specific misfolded proteins. TDP-43 misfolding and inclusion formation are a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Using yeast and mammalian neuronal cells we find that Hsp90 and its co-chaperone Sti1 have the capacity to alter TDP-43 misfolding, inclusion formation, aggregation, and cellular toxicity. Our data also demonstrate that impaired Hsp90 function sensitizes cells to TDP-43 toxicity and that Sti1 specifically interacts with and strongly modulates TDP-43 toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Our study thus uncovers a previously unrecognized tie between Hsp90, Sti1, TDP-43 misfolding, and cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Tsai-Wei Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Abdul Razzaq
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sonja E Di Gregorio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Soojie Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brendan Charles
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Marilene H Lopes
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Beraldo
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vania F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Martin L Duennwald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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11
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Mechanisms of TDP-43 Proteinopathy Onset and Propagation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116004. [PMID: 34199367 PMCID: PMC8199531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 is an RNA-binding protein that has been robustly linked to the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. While mutations in the TARDBP gene that codes for the protein have been identified as causing disease in a small subset of patients, TDP-43 proteinopathy is present in the majority of cases regardless of mutation status. This raises key questions regarding the mechanisms by which TDP-43 proteinopathy arises and spreads throughout the central nervous system. Numerous studies have explored the role of a variety of cellular functions on the disease process, and nucleocytoplasmic transport, protein homeostasis, RNA interactions and cellular stress have all risen to the forefront as possible contributors to the initiation of TDP-43 pathogenesis. There is also a small but growing body of evidence suggesting that aggregation-prone TDP-43 can recruit physiological TDP-43, and be transmitted intercellularly, providing a mechanism whereby small-scale proteinopathy spreads from cell to cell, reflecting the spread of clinical symptoms observed in patients. This review will discuss the potential role of the aforementioned cellular functions in TDP-43 pathogenesis, and explore how aberrant pathology may spread, and result in a feed-forward cascade effect, leading to robust TDP-43 proteinopathy and disease.
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12
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PARP-1 activation leads to cytosolic accumulation of TDP-43 in neurons. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105077. [PMID: 34082062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disease leads to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) overactivation and subsequent cell death via excessive generation of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymer (PAR). PAR binds to neurodegenerative disease linked protein TAR DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43). However, the consequence of this interaction is not yet fully understood. TDP-43 translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in response to oxidative stress, but the mechanism of stress-induced translocation remains unknown. We used N-methyl-N-nitroso-N'-nitroguanidine (MNNG) and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in mouse neuronal cultures to activate PARP-1 and observed that pharmacological inhibition of PARP-1 blocked the cytosolic translocation of TDP-43. PARP-1 inhibition is also neuroprotective against both MNNG and OGD, suggesting that PARP inhibitors could play a role in the neuroprotective role in neurodegenerative diseases involving TDP-43. Together, these data present the novel finding that TDP-43 translocation depends on PARP-1 activation and set a ground for future research of how PARP-1 activation or PAR binding to TDP-43 may facilitate its cytosolic accumulation.
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13
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UBQLN2-HSP70 axis reduces poly-Gly-Ala aggregates and alleviates behavioral defects in the C9ORF72 animal model. Neuron 2021; 109:1949-1962.e6. [PMID: 33991504 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of a hexanucleotide repeat GGGGCC (G4C2) in the intron of the C9ORF72 gene is the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (C9-ALS/FTD). Transcripts carrying G4C2 repeat expansions generate neurotoxic dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins, including poly-Gly-Ala (poly-GA), which tends to form protein aggregates. Here, we demonstrate that UBQLN2, another ALS/FTD risk factor, is recruited to reduce poly-GA aggregates and alleviate poly-GA-induced neurotoxicity. UBQLN2 could recognize HSP70 ubiquitination, which facilitates the UBQLN2-HSP70-GA complex formation and promotes poly-GA degradation. ALS/FTD-related UBQLN2 mutants fail to bind HSP70 and clear poly-GA aggregates. Disruption of the interaction between UBQLN2 and HSP70 inhibits poly-GA aggregation in C9-ALS/FTD iPSC-derived neurons. Finally, enhancing HSP70 by the chemical compound 17AAG at the adult stage mitigates behavioral defects in poly-GA animals. Our findings suggest a critical role of the UBQLN2-HSP70 axis in protein aggregate clearance in C9-ALS/FTD.
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14
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Jee B, Dhar R, Singh S, Karmakar S. Heat Shock Proteins and Their Role in Pregnancy: Redefining the Function of "Old Rum in a New Bottle". Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:648463. [PMID: 33996811 PMCID: PMC8116900 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.648463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy in humans is a multi-step complex physiological process comprising three discrete events, decidualization, implantation and placentation. Its overall success depends on the incremental advantage that each of the preceding stages passes on to the next. The success of these synchronized sequels of events is an outcome of timely coordination between them. The pregnancy events are coordinated and governed primarily by the ovarian steroid hormones, estrogen and progesterone, which are essentially ligand-activated transcription factors. It's well known that intercellular signaling of steroid hormones engages a plethora of adapter proteins that participate in executing the biological functions. This involves binding of the hormone receptor complex to the DNA response elements in a sequence specific manner. Working with Drosophila melanogaster, the heat shock proteins (HSPs) were originally described by Ferruccio Ritossa back in the early 1960s. Over the years, there has been considerable advancement of our understanding of these conserved families of proteins, particularly in pregnancy. Accumulating evidence suggests that endometrial and uterine cells have an abundance of HSP27, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90, implying their possible involvement during the pregnancy process. HSPs have been found to be associated with decidualization, implantation and placentation, with their dysregulation associated with implantation failure, pregnancy loss and other feto-maternal complications. Furthermore, HSP is also associated with stress response, specifically in modulating the ER stress, a critical determinant for reproductive success. Recent advances suggest a therapeutic role of HSPs proteins in improving the pregnancy outcome. In this review, we summarized our latest understanding of the role of different members of the HSP families during pregnancy and associated complications based on experimental and clinical evidences, thereby redefining and exploring their novel function with new perspective, beyond their prototype role as molecular chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babban Jee
- Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruby Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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15
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Sieben A, Van Langenhove T, Vermeiren Y, Gossye H, Praet M, Vanhauwaert D, Cousaert C, Engelborghs S, Raedt R, Boon P, Santens P, De Deyn PP, Bracke KR, De Meulemeester K, Van Broeckhoven C, Martin JJ, Bjerke M. Hippocampal Sclerosis in Frontotemporal Dementia: When Vascular Pathology Meets Neurodegeneration. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:313-324. [PMID: 33638350 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common neuropathological finding and has been associated with advanced age, TDP-43 proteinopathy, and cerebrovascular pathology. We analyzed neuropathological data of an autopsy cohort of early-onset frontotemporal dementia patients. The study aimed to determine whether in this cohort HS was related to TDP-43 proteinopathy and whether additional factors could be identified. We examined the relationship between HS, proteinopathies in frontotemporal cortices and hippocampus, Alzheimer disease, cerebrovascular changes, and age. We confirmed a strong association between HS and hippocampal TDP-43, whereas there was a weaker association between HS and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology (FTLD-TDP). Nearly all of the FTLD-TDP cases had TDP-43 pathology in the hippocampus. HS was present in all FTLD-TDP type D cases, in 50% of the FTLD-TDP A cohort and in 6% of the FTLD-TDP B cohort. Our data also showed a significant association between HS and vascular changes. We reviewed the literature on HS and discuss possible pathophysiological mechanisms between TDP-43 pathology, cerebrovascular disease, and HS. Additionally, we introduced a quantitative neuronal cell count in CA1 to objectify the semiquantitative visual appreciation of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sieben
- Institute Born-Bunge, Neuropathology and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, AZ Jan Palfijn, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Van Langenhove
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yannick Vermeiren
- Institute Born-Bunge, Neuropathology and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group of Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Helena Gossye
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marleen Praet
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Institute Born-Bunge, Neuropathology and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Boon
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Santens
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Institute Born-Bunge, Neuropathology and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ken R Bracke
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Martin
- Institute Born-Bunge, Neuropathology and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Institute Born-Bunge, Neuropathology and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biology and Center for Neurosciences, University hospital Brussels and Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Heat Shock Proteins in Oxidative Stress and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Benefits from Physical Exercises: A Review to the Current Knowledge. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6678457. [PMID: 33603951 PMCID: PMC7868165 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6678457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones produced in response to oxidative stress (OS). These proteins are involved in the folding of newly synthesized proteins and refolding of damaged or misfolded proteins. Recent studies have been focused on the regulatory role of HSPs in OS and ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) where reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role. ROS perform many functions, including cell signaling. Unfortunately, they are also the cause of pathological processes leading to various diseases. Biological pathways such as p38 MAPK, HSP70 and Akt/GSK-3β/eNOS, HSP70, JAK2/STAT3 or PI3K/Akt/HSP70, and HSF1/Nrf2-Keap1 are considered in the relationship between HSP and OS. New pathophysiological mechanisms involving ROS are being discovered and described the protein network of HSP interactions. Understanding of the mechanisms involved, e.g., in I/R, is important to the development of treatment methods. HSPs are multifunctional proteins because they closely interact with the antioxidant and the nitric oxide generation systems, such as HSP70/HSP90/NOS. A deficiency or excess of antioxidants modulates the activation of HSF and subsequent HSP biosynthesis. It is well known that HSPs are involved in the regulation of several redox processes and play an important role in protein-protein interactions. The latest research focuses on determining the role of HSPs in OS, their antioxidant activity, and the possibility of using HSPs in the treatment of I/R consequences. Physical exercises are important in patients with cardiovascular diseases, as they affect the expression of HSPs and the development of OS.
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17
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Mentis AFA, Bougea AM, Chrousos GP. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the endocrine system: Are there any further ties to be explored? AGING BRAIN 2021; 1:100024. [PMID: 36911507 PMCID: PMC9997134 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2021.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) belongs to the family of neurodegenerative disorders and is classified as fronto-temporal dementia (FTD), progressive muscular atrophy, primary lateral sclerosis, and pseudobulbar palsy. Even though endocrine dysfunction independently impacts the ALS-related survival rate, the complex connection between ALS and the endocrine system has not been studied in depth. Here we review earlier and recent findings on how ALS interacts with hormones a) of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, b) the thyroid gland, c) the pancreas, d) the adipose tissue, e) the parathyroid glands, f) the bones, g) the adrenal glands, and h) the gonads (ovaries and testes). Of note, endocrine issues should always be explored in patients with ALS, especially those with low skeletal muscle and bone mass, vitamin D deficiency, and decreased insulin sensitivity (diabetes mellitus). Because ALS is a progressively deteriorating disease, addressing any potential endocrine co-morbidities in patients with this malady is quite important for decreasing the overall ALS-associated disease burden. Importantly, as this burden is estimated to increase globally in the decades to follow, in part because of an increasingly aging population, it is high time for future multi-center, multi-ethnic studies to assess the link between ALS and the endocrine system in significantly larger patient populations. Last, the psychosocial stress experienced by patients with ALS and its psycho-neuro-endocrinological sequelae, including hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal dysregulation, should become an area of intensive study in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios-Fotios A Mentis
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia M Bougea
- Memory & Movement Disorders Clinic, 1st Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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18
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Hervás R, Oroz J. Mechanistic Insights into the Role of Molecular Chaperones in Protein Misfolding Diseases: From Molecular Recognition to Amyloid Disassembly. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239186. [PMID: 33276458 PMCID: PMC7730194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-dependent alterations in the proteostasis network are crucial in the progress of prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which are characterized by the presence of insoluble protein deposits in degenerating neurons. Because molecular chaperones deter misfolded protein aggregation, regulate functional phase separation, and even dissolve noxious aggregates, they are considered major sentinels impeding the molecular processes that lead to cell damage in the course of these diseases. Indeed, members of the chaperome, such as molecular chaperones and co-chaperones, are increasingly recognized as therapeutic targets for the development of treatments against degenerative proteinopathies. Chaperones must recognize diverse toxic clients of different orders (soluble proteins, biomolecular condensates, organized protein aggregates). It is therefore critical to understand the basis of the selective chaperone recognition to discern the mechanisms of action of chaperones in protein conformational diseases. This review aimed to define the selective interplay between chaperones and toxic client proteins and the basis for the protective role of these interactions. The presence and availability of chaperone recognition motifs in soluble proteins and in insoluble aggregates, both functional and pathogenic, are discussed. Finally, the formation of aberrant (pro-toxic) chaperone complexes will also be disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Hervás
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA;
| | - Javier Oroz
- Rocasolano Institute for Physical Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council (IQFR-CSIC), Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-915619400
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19
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Bordoni L, Gabbianelli R. Mitochondrial DNA and Neurodegeneration: Any Role for Dietary Antioxidants? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E764. [PMID: 32824558 PMCID: PMC7466149 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of the mitochondrial function is essential in preventing and counteracting neurodegeneration. In particular, mitochondria of neuronal cells play a pivotal role in sustaining the high energetic metabolism of these cells and are especially prone to oxidative damage. Since overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, dietary antioxidants have been suggested to counteract the detrimental effects of ROS and to preserve the mitochondrial function, thus slowing the progression and limiting the extent of neuronal cell loss in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition to their role in the redox-system homeostasis, mitochondria are unique organelles in that they contain their own genome (mtDNA), which acts at the interface between environmental exposures and the molecular triggers of neurodegeneration. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that mtDNA (including both genetics and, from recent evidence, epigenetics) might play relevant roles in modulating the risk for neurodegenerative disorders. This mini-review describes the link between the mitochondrial genome and cellular oxidative status, with a particular focus on neurodegeneration; moreover, it provides an overview on potential beneficial effects of antioxidants in preserving mitochondrial functions through the protection of mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
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20
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Buratti E. Targeting TDP-43 proteinopathy with drugs and drug-like small molecules. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:1298-1315. [PMID: 32469420 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the discovery of the involvement of the ribonucleoprotein TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), a major research focus has been to develop treatments that can prevent or alleviate these disease conditions. One pharmacological approach has been to use TDP-43-based disease models to test small molecules and drugs already known to have some therapeutic effect in a variety of neurodegenerative conditions. In parallel, various disease models have been used to perform high-throughput screens of drugs and small compound libraries. The aim of this review will be to provide a general overview of the compounds that have been described to alter pathological characteristics of TDP-43. These include expression levels, cytoplasmic mis-localization, post-translational modifications, cleavage, stress granule recruitment and aggregation. In parallel, this review will also address the use of compounds that modify the autophagic/proteasome systems that are known to target TDP-43 misfolding and aggregation. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Neurochemistry in Japan. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
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21
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Calvo AC, Moreno L, Moreno L, Toivonen JM, Manzano R, Molina N, de la Torre M, López T, Miana-Mena FJ, Muñoz MJ, Zaragoza P, Larrodé P, García-Redondo A, Osta R. Type XIX collagen: a promising biomarker from the basement membranes. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:988-995. [PMID: 31823868 PMCID: PMC7034273 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.270299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among collagen members in the collagen superfamily, type XIX collagen has raised increasing interest in relation to its structural and biological roles. Type XIX collagen is a Fibril-Associated Collagen with Interrupted Triple helices member, one main subclass of collagens in this superfamily. This collagen contains a triple helix composed of three polypeptide segments aligned in parallel and it is associated with the basement membrane zone in different tissues. The molecular structure of type XIX collagen consists of five collagenous domains, COL1 to COL5, interrupted by six non-collagenous domains, NC1 to NC6. The most relevant domain by which this collagen exerts its biological roles is NC1 domain that can be cleavage enzymatically to release matricryptins, exerting anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effect in murine and human models of cancer. Under physiological conditions, type XIX collagen expression decreases after birth in different tissues although it is necessary to keep its basal levels, mainly in skeletal muscle and hippocampal and telencephalic interneurons in brain. Notwithstanding, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, altered transcript expression levels show a novel biological effect of this collagen beyond its structural role in basement membranes and its anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic properties. Type XIX collagen can exert a compensatory effect to ameliorate the disease progression under neurodegenerative conditions specific to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in transgenic SOD1G93A mice and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. This novel biological role highlights its nature as prognostic biomarker of disease progression in and as promising therapeutic target, paving the way to a more precise prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Calvo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreno
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Janne M Toivonen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Manzano
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nora Molina
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miriam de la Torre
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tresa López
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco J Miana-Mena
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María J Muñoz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Larrodé
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Rosario Osta
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), IA2, CIBERNED, Zaragoza, Spain
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22
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McAlary L, Plotkin SS, Yerbury JJ, Cashman NR. Prion-Like Propagation of Protein Misfolding and Aggregation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:262. [PMID: 31736708 PMCID: PMC6838634 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery that prion protein can misfold into a pathological conformation that encodes structural information capable of both propagation and inducing severe neuropathology has revolutionized our understanding of neurodegenerative disease. Many neurodegenerative diseases with a protein misfolding component are now classified as “prion-like” owing to the propagation of both symptoms and protein aggregation pathology in affected individuals. The neuromuscular disorder amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by protein inclusions formed by either TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), or fused in sarcoma (FUS), in both upper and lower motor neurons. Evidence from in vitro, cell culture, and in vivo studies has provided strong evidence to support the involvement of a prion-like mechanism in ALS. In this article, we review the evidence suggesting that prion-like propagation of protein aggregation is a primary pathomechanism in ALS, focusing on the key proteins and genes involved in disease (TDP-43, SOD1, FUS, and C9orf72). In each case, we discuss the evidence ranging from biophysical studies to in vivo examinations of prion-like spreading. We suggest that the idiopathic nature of ALS may stem from its prion-like nature and that elucidation of the specific propagating protein assemblies is paramount to developing effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke McAlary
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven S Plotkin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Genome Sciences and Technology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Justin J Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil R Cashman
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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23
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Proteomic analysis of protein homeostasis and aggregation. J Proteomics 2018; 198:98-112. [PMID: 30529741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) refers to the ability of cells to preserve the correct balance between protein synthesis, folding and degradation. Proteostasis is essential for optimal cell growth and survival under stressful conditions. Various extracellular and intracellular stresses including heat shock, oxidative stress, proteasome malfunction, mutations and aging-related modifications can result in disturbed proteostasis manifested by enhanced misfolding and aggregation of proteins. To limit protein misfolding and aggregation cells have evolved various strategies including molecular chaperones, proteasome system and autophagy. Molecular chaperones assist folding of proteins, protect them from denaturation and facilitate renaturation of the misfolded polypeptides, whereas proteasomes and autophagosomes remove the irreversibly damaged proteins. The impairment of proteostasis results in protein aggregation that is a major pathological hallmark of numerous age-related disorders, such as cataract, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and prion diseases. To discover protein markers and speed up diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases accompanied by protein aggregation, proteomic tools have increasingly been used in recent years. Systematic and exhaustive analysis of the changes that occur in the proteomes of affected tissues and biofluids in humans or in model organisms is one of the most promising approaches to reveal mechanisms underlying protein aggregation diseases, improve their diagnosis and develop therapeutic strategies. Significance: In this review we outline the elements responsible for maintaining cellular proteostasis and present the overview of proteomic studies focused on protein-aggregation diseases. These studies provide insights into the mechanisms responsible for age-related disorders and reveal new potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntigton's and prion diseases.
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24
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Chung CY, Berson A, Kennerdell JR, Sartoris A, Unger T, Porta S, Kim HJ, Smith ER, Shilatifard A, Van Deerlin V, Lee VMY, Chen-Plotkin A, Bonini NM. Aberrant activation of non-coding RNA targets of transcriptional elongation complexes contributes to TDP-43 toxicity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4406. [PMID: 30353006 PMCID: PMC6199344 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 is the major disease protein associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated inclusions (FTLD-TDP). Here we identify the transcriptional elongation factor Ell—a shared component of little elongation complex (LEC) and super elongation complex (SEC)—as a strong modifier of TDP-43-mediated neurodegeneration. Our data indicate select targets of LEC and SEC become upregulated in the fly ALS/FTLD-TDP model. Among them, U12 snRNA and a stress-induced long non-coding RNA Hsrω, functionally contribute to TDP-43-mediated degeneration. We extend the findings of Hsrω, which we identify as a chromosomal target of TDP-43, to show that the human orthologue Sat III is elevated in a human cellular disease model and FTLD-TDP patient tissue. We further demonstrate an interaction between TDP-43 and human ELL2 by co-immunoprecipitation from human cells. These findings reveal important roles of Ell-complexes LEC and SEC in TDP-43-associated toxicity, providing potential therapeutic insight for TDP-43-associated neurodegeneration. TDP-43 is associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated inclusions (FTD-TDP). Here, the authors identify the transcriptional elongation factor Ell as a strong modifier of TDP-43-mediated neurodegeneration through the Ell transcriptional elongation complexes LEC and SEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Chung
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amit Berson
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jason R Kennerdell
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ashley Sartoris
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Travis Unger
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sílvia Porta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Edwin R Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Vivianna Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alice Chen-Plotkin
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nancy M Bonini
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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25
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Berson A, Sartoris A, Nativio R, Van Deerlin V, Toledo JB, Porta S, Liu S, Chung CY, Garcia BA, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Johnson FB, Berger SL, Bonini NM. TDP-43 Promotes Neurodegeneration by Impairing Chromatin Remodeling. Curr Biol 2017; 27:3579-3590.e6. [PMID: 29153328 PMCID: PMC5720388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of chromatin structure is critical for brain development and function. However, the involvement of chromatin dynamics in neurodegeneration is less well understood. Here we find, launching from Drosophila models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, that TDP-43 impairs the induction of multiple key stress genes required to protect from disease by reducing the recruitment of the chromatin remodeler Chd1 to chromatin. Chd1 depletion robustly enhances TDP-43-mediated neurodegeneration and promotes the formation of stress granules. Conversely, upregulation of Chd1 restores nucleosomal dynamics, promotes normal induction of protective stress genes, and rescues stress sensitivity of TDP-43-expressing animals. TDP-43-mediated impairments are conserved in mammalian cells, and, importantly, the human ortholog CHD2 physically interacts with TDP-43 and is strikingly reduced in level in temporal cortex of human patient tissue. These findings indicate that TDP-43-mediated neurodegeneration causes impaired chromatin dynamics that prevents appropriate expression of protective genes through compromised function of the chromatin remodeler Chd1/CHD2. Enhancing chromatin dynamics may be a treatment approach to amyotrophic lateral scleorosis (ALS)/frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Berson
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ashley Sartoris
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raffaella Nativio
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vivianna Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jon B Toledo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sílvia Porta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shichong Liu
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chia-Yu Chung
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - F Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nancy M Bonini
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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26
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Zeineddine R, Farrawell NE, Lambert-Smith IA, Yerbury JJ. Addition of exogenous SOD1 aggregates causes TDP-43 mislocalisation and aggregation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:893-902. [PMID: 28560609 PMCID: PMC5655364 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ALS is characterised by a focal onset of motor neuron loss, followed by contiguous outward spreading of pathology throughout the nervous system, resulting in paralysis and death generally within a few years after diagnosis. The aberrant release and uptake of toxic proteins including SOD1 and TDP-43 and their subsequent propagation, accumulation and deposition in motor neurons may explain such a pattern of pathology. Previous work has suggested that the internalization of aggregates triggers stress granule formation. Given the close association of stress granules and TDP-43, we wondered whether internalisation of SOD1 aggregates stimulated TDP-43 cytosolic aggregate structures. Addition of recombinant mutant G93A SOD1 aggregates to NSC-34 cells was found to trigger a rapid shift of TDP-43 to the cytoplasm where it was still accumulated after 48 h. In addition, SOD1 aggregates also triggered cleavage of TDP-43 into fragments including a 25 kDa fragment. Collectively, this study suggests a role for protein aggregate uptake in TDP-43 pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaa Zeineddine
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Science Medicine and Health Faculty, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie E Farrawell
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Science Medicine and Health Faculty, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Isabella A Lambert-Smith
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Science Medicine and Health Faculty, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin J Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
- School of Biological Sciences, Science Medicine and Health Faculty, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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27
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Hardiman O, Al-Chalabi A, Chio A, Corr EM, Logroscino G, Robberecht W, Shaw PJ, Simmons Z, van den Berg LH. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017; 3:17071. [PMID: 28980624 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 811] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease, is characterized by the degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons, which leads to muscle weakness and eventual paralysis. Until recently, ALS was classified primarily within the neuromuscular domain, although new imaging and neuropathological data have indicated the involvement of the non-motor neuraxis in disease pathology. In most patients, the mechanisms underlying the development of ALS are poorly understood, although a subset of patients have familial disease and harbour mutations in genes that have various roles in neuronal function. Two possible disease-modifying therapies that can slow disease progression are available for ALS, but patient management is largely mediated by symptomatic therapies, such as the use of muscle relaxants for spasticity and speech therapy for dysarthria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla Hardiman
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Room 5.41 Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Adriano Chio
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emma M Corr
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Room 5.41 Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Wim Robberecht
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Zachary Simmons
- Department of Neurology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State Health, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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28
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Wauters E, Van Mossevelde S, Van der Zee J, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. Modifiers of GRN-Associated Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:962-979. [PMID: 28890134 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in the human progranulin gene (GRN) cause frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) by a mechanism of haploinsufficiency. Patients present most frequently with frontotemporal dementia, which is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia at young age. Currently, no disease-modifying therapies are available for these patients. Stimulating GRN protein expression or inhibiting its breakdown is an obvious therapeutic strategy, and is indeed the focus of current preclinical research and clinical trials. Multiple studies have demonstrated the heterogeneity in clinical presentation and wide variability in age of onset in patients carrying a GRN LOF mutation. Recently, this heterogeneity became an opportunity to identify disease modifiers, considering that these might constitute suitable targets for developing disease-modifying or disease-delaying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Wauters
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Van Mossevelde
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Julie Van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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29
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Wobst HJ, Delsing L, Brandon NJ, Moss SJ. Truncation of the TAR DNA-binding protein 43 is not a prerequisite for cytoplasmic relocalization, and is suppressed by caspase inhibition and by introduction of the A90V sequence variant. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177181. [PMID: 28510586 PMCID: PMC5433705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding and -processing protein TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is heavily linked to the underlying causes and pathology of neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. In these diseases, TDP-43 is mislocalized, hyperphosphorylated, ubiquitinated, aggregated and cleaved. The importance of TDP-43 cleavage in the disease pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Here we detail the use of D-sorbitol as an exogenous stressor that causes TDP-43 cleavage in HeLa cells, resulting in a 35 kDa truncated product that accumulates in the cytoplasm within one hour of treatment. We confirm that the formation of this 35 kDa cleavage product is mediated by the activation of caspases. Inhibition of caspases blocks the cleavage of TDP-43, but does not prevent the accumulation of full-length protein in the cytoplasm. Using D-sorbitol as a stressor and caspase activator, we also demonstrate that the A90V variant of TDP-43, which lies adjacent to the caspase cleavage site within the nuclear localization sequence of TDP-43, confers partial resistance against caspase-mediated generation of the 35 kDa cleavage product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike J. Wobst
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Louise Delsing
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Science, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J. Brandon
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, Waltham, MA, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Moss
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
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30
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Webster CP, Smith EF, Shaw PJ, De Vos KJ. Protein Homeostasis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Therapeutic Opportunities? Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:123. [PMID: 28512398 PMCID: PMC5411428 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis (proteostasis), the correct balance between production and degradation of proteins, is essential for the health and survival of cells. Proteostasis requires an intricate network of protein quality control pathways (the proteostasis network) that work to prevent protein aggregation and maintain proteome health throughout the lifespan of the cell. Collapse of proteostasis has been implicated in the etiology of a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common adult onset motor neuron disorder. Here, we review the evidence linking dysfunctional proteostasis to the etiology of ALS and discuss how ALS-associated insults affect the proteostasis network. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic benefit of proteostasis network modulation in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Webster
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - Emma F Smith
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - Kurt J De Vos
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
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31
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Leal‐Lasarte MM, Franco JM, Labrador‐Garrido A, Pozo D, Roodveldt C. Extracellular TDP‐43 aggregates target MAPK/MAK/MRK overlapping kinase (MOK) and trigger caspase‐3/IL‐18 signaling in microglia. FASEB J 2017; 31:2797-2816. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601163r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María M. Leal‐Lasarte
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER)University of Seville–Spanish Research Council (CSIC)–University Paplo de OlavideSeville Spain
| | - Jaime M. Franco
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER)University of Seville–Spanish Research Council (CSIC)–University Paplo de OlavideSeville Spain
- Department of Medical BiochemistryMolecular Biology and ImmunologySchool of MedicineUniversity of SevilleSeville Spain
| | - Adahir Labrador‐Garrido
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER)University of Seville–Spanish Research Council (CSIC)–University Paplo de OlavideSeville Spain
- Department of Medical BiochemistryMolecular Biology and ImmunologySchool of MedicineUniversity of SevilleSeville Spain
| | - David Pozo
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER)University of Seville–Spanish Research Council (CSIC)–University Paplo de OlavideSeville Spain
- Department of Medical BiochemistryMolecular Biology and ImmunologySchool of MedicineUniversity of SevilleSeville Spain
| | - Cintia Roodveldt
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER)University of Seville–Spanish Research Council (CSIC)–University Paplo de OlavideSeville Spain
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32
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Bozzo F, Mirra A, Carrì M. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in the pathogenesis of ALS: New perspectives. Neurosci Lett 2017; 636:3-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Ayyadevara S, Balasubramaniam M, Parcon PA, Barger SW, Griffin WST, Alla R, Tackett AJ, Mackintosh SG, Petricoin E, Zhou W, Shmookler Reis RJ. Proteins that mediate protein aggregation and cytotoxicity distinguish Alzheimer's hippocampus from normal controls. Aging Cell 2016; 15:924-39. [PMID: 27448508 PMCID: PMC5013017 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are distinguished by characteristic protein aggregates initiated by disease‐specific ‘seed’ proteins; however, roles of other co‐aggregated proteins remain largely unexplored. Compact hippocampal aggregates were purified from Alzheimer's and control‐subject pools using magnetic‐bead immunoaffinity pulldowns. Their components were fractionated by electrophoretic mobility and analyzed by high‐resolution proteomics. Although total detergent‐insoluble aggregates from Alzheimer's and controls had similar protein content, within the fractions isolated by tau or Aβ1–42 pulldown, the protein constituents of Alzheimer‐derived aggregates were more abundant, diverse, and post‐translationally modified than those from controls. Tau‐ and Aβ‐containing aggregates were distinguished by multiple components, and yet shared >90% of their protein constituents, implying similar accretion mechanisms. Alzheimer‐specific protein enrichment in tau‐containing aggregates was corroborated for individuals by three analyses. Five proteins inferred to co‐aggregate with tau were confirmed by precise in situ methods, including proximity ligation amplification that requires co‐localization within 40 nm. Nematode orthologs of 21 proteins, which showed Alzheimer‐specific enrichment in tau‐containing aggregates, were assessed for aggregation‐promoting roles in C. elegans by RNA‐interference ‘knockdown’. Fifteen knockdowns (71%) rescued paralysis of worms expressing muscle Aβ, and 12 (57%) rescued chemotaxis disrupted by neuronal Aβ expression. Proteins identified in compact human aggregates, bound by antibody to total tau, were thus shown to play causal roles in aggregation based on nematode models triggered by Aβ1–42. These observations imply shared mechanisms driving both types of aggregation, and/or aggregate‐mediated cross‐talk between tau and Aβ. Knowledge of protein components that promote protein accrual in diverse aggregate types implicates common mechanisms and identifies novel targets for drug intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Ayyadevara
- McClellan Veterans Medical Center Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service Little Rock AR 72205 USA
- Department of Geriatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72205 USA
| | - Meenakshisundaram Balasubramaniam
- Department of Geriatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72205 USA
- BioInformatics Program University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and University of Arkansas at Little Rock Little Rock AR 72205 USA
| | - Paul A. Parcon
- Department of Geriatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72205 USA
| | - Steven W. Barger
- McClellan Veterans Medical Center Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service Little Rock AR 72205 USA
- Department of Geriatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72205 USA
| | - W. Sue T. Griffin
- McClellan Veterans Medical Center Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service Little Rock AR 72205 USA
- Department of Geriatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72205 USA
| | - Ramani Alla
- McClellan Veterans Medical Center Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service Little Rock AR 72205 USA
- Department of Geriatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72205 USA
| | - Alan J. Tackett
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72205 USA
| | - Samuel G. Mackintosh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72205 USA
| | - Emanuel Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine George Mason University Manassas VA 20110 USA
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine George Mason University Manassas VA 20110 USA
| | - Robert J. Shmookler Reis
- McClellan Veterans Medical Center Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service Little Rock AR 72205 USA
- Department of Geriatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72205 USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72205 USA
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34
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Ratti A, Buratti E. Physiological functions and pathobiology of TDP-43 and FUS/TLS proteins. J Neurochem 2016; 138 Suppl 1:95-111. [PMID: 27015757 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The multiple roles played by RNA binding proteins in neurodegeneration have become apparent following the discovery of TAR DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma (FUS/TLS) involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar dementia. In these two diseases, the majority of patients display the presence of aggregated forms of one of these proteins in their brains. The study of their functional properties currently represents a very promising target for developing the effective therapeutic options that are still lacking. This aim, however, must be preceded by an accurate evaluation of TDP-43 and FUS/TLS biological functions, both in physiological and disease conditions. Recent findings have uncovered several aspects of RNA metabolism that can be affected by misregulation of these two proteins. Progress has also been made in starting to understand how the aggregation of these proteins occurs and spreads from cell to cell. The aim of this review will be to provide a general overview of TDP-43 and FUS/TLS proteins and to highlight their physiological functions. At present, the emerging picture is that TDP-43 and FUS/TLS control several aspects of an mRNA's life, but they can also participate in DNA repair processes and in non-coding RNA metabolism. Although their regulatory activities are similar, they regulate mainly distinct RNA targets and show different pathogenetic mechanisms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal lobar dementia diseases. The identification of key events in these processes represents today the best chance of finding targetable options for therapeutic approaches that might actually make a difference at the clinical level. The two major RNA Binding Proteins involved in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosisi and Frontotemporal Dementia are TDP-43 and FUST/TLS. Both proteins are involved in regulating all aspects of RNA and RNA life cycle within neurons, from transcription, processing, and transport/stability to the formation of cytoplasmic and nuclear stress granules. For this reason, the aberrant aggregation of these factors during disease can impair multiple RNA metabolic pathways and eventually lead to neuronal death/inactivation. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date perspective on what we know about this issue at the molecular level. This article is part of the Frontotemporal Dementia special issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Ratti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center - Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
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35
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Chen HJ, Mitchell JC, Novoselov S, Miller J, Nishimura AL, Scotter EL, Vance CA, Cheetham ME, Shaw CE. The heat shock response plays an important role in TDP-43 clearance: evidence for dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2016; 139:1417-32. [PMID: 26936937 PMCID: PMC4845254 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Detergent-resistant, ubiquitinated and hyperphosphorylated Tar DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43, encoded by TARDBP) neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions are the pathological hallmark in ∼95% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and ∼60% of frontotemporal lobar degeneration cases. We sought to explore the role for the heat shock response in the clearance of insoluble TDP-43 in a cellular model of disease and to validate our findings in transgenic mice and human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis tissues. The heat shock response is a stress-responsive protective mechanism regulated by the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which increases the expression of chaperones that refold damaged misfolded proteins or facilitate their degradation. Here we show that manipulation of the heat shock response by expression of dominant active HSF1 results in a dramatic reduction of insoluble and hyperphosphorylated TDP-43 that enhances cell survival, whereas expression of dominant negative HSF1 leads to enhanced TDP-43 aggregation and hyperphosphorylation. To determine which chaperones were mediating TDP-43 clearance we over-expressed a range of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and identified DNAJB2a (encoded by DNAJB2, and also known as HSJ1a) as a potent anti-aggregation chaperone for TDP-43. DNAJB2a has a J domain, allowing it to interact with HSP70, and ubiquitin interacting motifs, which enable it to engage the degradation of its client proteins. Using functionally deleted DNAJB2a constructs we demonstrated that TDP-43 clearance was J domain-dependent and was not affected by ubiquitin interacting motif deletion or proteasome inhibition. This indicates that TDP-43 is maintained in a soluble state by DNAJB2a, leaving the total levels of TDP-43 unchanged. Additionally, we have demonstrated that the levels of HSF1 and heat shock proteins are significantly reduced in affected neuronal tissues from a TDP-43 transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This implies that the HSF1-mediated DNAJB2a/HSP70 heat shock response pathway is compromised in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Defective refolding of TDP-43 is predicted to aggravate the TDP-43 proteinopathy. The finding that the pathological accumulation of insoluble TDP-43 can be reduced by the activation of HSF1/HSP pathways presents an exciting opportunity for the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jou Chen
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline C Mitchell
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jack Miller
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Agnes L Nishimura
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emma L Scotter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caroline A Vance
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Christopher E Shaw
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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36
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Lin PY, Folorunso O, Taglialatela G, Pierce A. Overexpression of heat shock factor 1 maintains TAR DNA binding protein 43 solubility via induction of inducible heat shock protein 70 in cultured cells. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:671-82. [PMID: 26994698 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a nuclear protein that has been shown to have altered homeostasis in the form of neuronal nuclear and cytoplasmic aggregates in some familial and almost all cases of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as well as 51% of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and 57% of Alzheimer's disease cases. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), such as HSP70, recognize misfolded or aggregated proteins and refold, disaggregate, or turn them over and are upregulated by the master transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). Here, we explore the effect of HSF1 overexpression on proteotoxic stress-related alterations in TDP-43 solubility, proteolytic processing, and cytotoxicity. HSF1 overexpression reduced TDP-43-positive puncta concomitantly with upregulating HSP70 and HSP90 protein levels. HSF1 overexpression or pharmacological activation sustained TDP-43 solubility and significantly reduced truncation of TDP-43 in response to inhibition of the proteasome with Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al, and this was reversed by HSF1 inhibition. HSF1 activation conferred protection against toxicity associated with TDP-43 C-terminal fragments without globally increasing the activity of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) while concomitantly reducing the induction of autophagy, suggesting that HSF1 protection is an early event. In support of this, inhibition of HSP70 ATPase activity further reduced TDP-43 solubility. HSF1 knockout significantly increased TDP-43 insolubility and accelerated TDP-43 fragmentation in response to proteotoxic stress. Overall, this study shows that HSF1 overexpression protects against TDP-43 pathology by upregulation of chaperones, especially HSP70, rather than enhancing autophagy or the UPS during times of proteotoxic stress. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Lin
- George and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Oluwarotimi Folorunso
- George and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Giulio Taglialatela
- George and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Anson Pierce
- George and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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37
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Tyagi N, Tyagi R. The wonderous chaperones: A highlight on therapeutics of cancer and potentially malignant disorders. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2015; 19:212-20. [PMID: 26604499 PMCID: PMC4611931 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.164535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse environmental and physiological factors are known to induce the transcription of a set of genes encoding special protective molecules known as "molecular chaperones" within our cells. Literature abounds in evidence regarding the varied roles; these "guides" can effectively perform in our system. Highly conserved through evolution, from the prokaryotes to the eukaryotes, these make perfect study tools for verifying their role in both the pathogenesis as well as the therapeutics of varied neurodegenerative, autoimmune and potentially malignant disorders and varied cancer states. We present a concise review of this ever dynamic molecule, highlighting the probable role in a potentially malignant disorder, oral lichen planus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutan Tyagi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, NH-58, Kadrabad, Modinagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Rishi Tyagi
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Delhi, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India
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Homma S, Beermann ML, Boyce FM, Miller JB. Expression of FSHD-related DUX4-FL alters proteostasis and induces TDP-43 aggregation. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2015; 2:151-66. [PMID: 25750920 PMCID: PMC4338956 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Pathogenesis in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) appears to be due to aberrant expression, particularly in skeletal muscle nuclei, of the full-length isoform of DUX4 (DUX4-FL). Expression of DUX4-FL is known to alter gene expression and to be cytotoxic, but cell responses to DUX4-FL are not fully understood. Our study was designed to identify cellular mechanisms of pathogenesis caused by DUX4-FL expression. Methods We used human myogenic cell cultures to analyze the effects of DUX4-FL when it was expressed either from its endogenous promoter in FSHD cells or by exogenous expression using BacMam vectors. We focused on determining the effects of DUX4-FL on protein ubiquitination and turnover and on aggregation of TDP-43. Results Human FSHD myotubes with endogenous DUX4-FL expression showed both altered nuclear and cytoplasmic distributions of ubiquitinated proteins and aggregation of TDP-43 in DUX4-FL-expressing nuclei. Similar changes were found upon exogenous expression of DUX4-FL, but were not seen upon expression of the non-toxic short isoform DUX4-S. DUX4-FL expression also inhibited protein turnover in a model system and increased the amounts of insoluble ubiquitinated proteins and insoluble TDP-43. Finally, inhibition of the ubiquitin–proteasome system with MG132 produced TDP-43 aggregation similar to DUX4-FL expression. Interpretations Our results identify DUX4-FL-induced inhibition of protein turnover and aggregation of TDP-43, which are pathological changes also found in diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and inclusion body myopathy, as potential pathological mechanisms in FSHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Homma
- Neuromuscular Biology & Disease Group, Departments of Neurology and Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts, 02118
| | - Mary Lou Beermann
- Neuromuscular Biology & Disease Group, Departments of Neurology and Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts, 02118
| | - Frederick M Boyce
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Jeffrey Boone Miller
- Neuromuscular Biology & Disease Group, Departments of Neurology and Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts, 02118
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Mutihac R, Alegre-Abarrategui J, Gordon D, Farrimond L, Yamasaki-Mann M, Talbot K, Wade-Martins R. TARDBP pathogenic mutations increase cytoplasmic translocation of TDP-43 and cause reduction of endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ signaling in motor neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 75:64-77. [PMID: 25526708 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transactive response DNA binding protein (TDP-43) is a major component of the characteristic neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions seen in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Furthermore, pathogenic mutations in the gene encoding TDP-43, TARDBP, are found in sporadic and familial ALS cases. To study the molecular mechanisms of cellular toxicity due to TDP-43 mutations we generated a novel in vitro cellular model using a fluorescently tagged human genomic TARDBP locus carrying one of two ALS-associated mutations, A382T or M337V, which were used to generate site-specific bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) human stable cell lines and BAC transgenic mice. In cell lines and primary motor neurons in culture, TDP-M337V mislocalized to the cytoplasm more frequently than wild-type TDP (wt-TDP) and TDP-A382T, an effect potentiated by oxidative stress. Expression of mutant TDP-M337V correlated with increased apoptosis detected by cleaved caspase-3 staining. Cells expressing mislocalized TDP-M337V spontaneously developed cytoplasmic aggregates, while for TDP-A382T aggregates were only revealed after endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by the calcium-modifying drug thapsigargin. Lowering Ca(2+) concentration in the ER of wt-TDP cells partially recapitulated the effect of pathogenic mutations by increasing TDP-43 cytoplasmic mislocalization, suggesting Ca(2+) dysregulation as a potential mediator of pathology through alterations in Bcl-2 protein levels. Ca(2+) signaling from the ER was impaired in immortalized cells and primary neurons carrying TDP-43 mutations, with a 50% reduction in the levels of luminal ER Ca(2+) stores content and delayed Ca(2+) release compared with cells carrying wt-TDP. The deficits in Ca(2+) release in human cells correlated with the upregulation of Bcl-2 and siRNA-mediated knockdown of Bcl-2 restored the amplitude of Ca(2+) oscillations in TDP-M337V cells. These results suggest that TDP-43 pathogenic mutations elicit cytoplasmic mislocalization of TDP-43 and Bcl-2 mediated ER Ca(2+) signaling dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mutihac
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - J Alegre-Abarrategui
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK.
| | - D Gordon
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - L Farrimond
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - M Yamasaki-Mann
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Oxford Stem Cell Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK.
| | - K Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - R Wade-Martins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK.
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40
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Zhan L, Xie Q, Tibbetts RS. Opposing roles of p38 and JNK in a Drosophila model of TDP-43 proteinopathy reveal oxidative stress and innate immunity as pathogenic components of neurodegeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:757-72. [PMID: 25281658 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological aggregation and mutation of the 43-kDa TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. TDP-43 neurotoxicity has been extensively modeled in mice, zebrafish, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, where selective expression of TDP-43 in motoneurons led to paralysis and premature lethality. Through a genetic screen aimed to identify genetic modifiers of TDP-43, we found that the Drosophila dual leucine kinase Wallenda (Wnd) and its downstream kinases JNK and p38 influenced TDP-43 neurotoxicity. Reducing Wnd gene dosage or overexpressing its antagonist highwire partially rescued TDP-43-associated premature lethality. Downstream of Wnd, the JNK and p38 kinases played opposing roles in TDP-43-associated neurodegeneration. LOF alleles of the p38b gene as well as p38 inhibitors diminished TDP-43-associated premature lethality, whereas p38b GOF caused phenotypic worsening. In stark contrast, disruptive alleles of Basket (Bsk), the Drosophila homologue of JNK, exacerbated longevity shortening, whereas overexpression of Bsk extended lifespan. Among possible mechanisms, we found motoneuron-directed expression of TDP-43 elicited oxidative stress and innate immune gene activation that were exacerbated by p38 GOF and Bsk LOF, respectively. A key pathologic role for innate immunity in TDP-43-associated neurodegeneration was further supported by the finding that genetic suppression of the Toll/Dif and Imd/Relish inflammatory pathways dramatically extended lifespan of TDP-43 transgenic flies. We propose that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are intrinsic components of TDP-43-associated neurodegeneration and that the balance between cytoprotective JNK and cytotoxic p38 signaling dictates phenotypic outcome to TDP-43 expression in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhan
- Department of Human Oncology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Qijing Xie
- Department of Human Oncology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Randal S Tibbetts
- Department of Human Oncology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Budini M, Romano V, Quadri Z, Buratti E, Baralle FE. TDP-43 loss of cellular function through aggregation requires additional structural determinants beyond its C-terminal Q/N prion-like domain. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:9-20. [PMID: 25122661 PMCID: PMC4262490 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 aggregates are the neurohistological landmark of diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Their role in the pathogenesis of these conditions is not yet clear mainly due to the lack of proper models of aggregation that may allow the study of the mechanism of formation, their interactions with other cellular components and their effect on the cell metabolism. In this work, we have used tandem repeats of the prion like Q/N-rich region of TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) fused to additional TDP-43 protein sequences to trigger aggregate formation in neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines. At the functional level, these aggregates are able to sequester endogenous TDP-43 depleting its nuclear levels and inducing loss of function at the pre-mRNA splicing level. No apparent direct cellular toxicity of the aggregates seems to be present beyond the lack of functional TDP-43. To our knowledge, this is the only system that achieves full functional TDP 43 depletion with effects similar to RNAi depletion or gene deletion. As a result, this model will prove useful to investigate the loss-of-function effects mediated by TDP-43 aggregation within cells without affecting the expression of the endogenous gene. We have identified the N-terminus sequence of TDP-43 as the domain that enhances its interaction with the aggregates and its insolubilization. These data show for the first time that cellular TDP-43 aggregation can lead to total loss of function and to defective splicing of TDP-43-dependent splicing events in endogenous genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Budini
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Romano
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Zainuddin Quadri
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francisco E Baralle
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34012 Trieste, Italy
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