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Du GW, Xiong YA, Pan Q, Feng ZJ, Cao XX, Yao J, Gu ZX, Lu J, You YM. Revealing the Polarizations of Molecular Ferroelectrics via SHG Polarimetry at the Nanoscale. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7419-7426. [PMID: 37539988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Multifarious molecular ferroelectrics with multipolar axial characteristics have emerged in recent years, enriching the scenarios for energy harvesting, sensing, and information processing. The increased polar axes have enhanced the urgency of distinguishing different polarization states in material design, mechanism exploration, etc. However, conventional methods hardly meet the requirements of in situ, fast, microscale, contactless, and nondestructive features due to their inherent limitations. Herein, SHG polarimetry is introduced to probe the multioriented polarizations on a nanosized multiaxial molecular ferroelectric, i.e., TMCM-CdCl3 nanoplates, as an example. Combined with the analysis of the second-order susceptibility tensor, SHG polarimetry could serve as an effective method to detect the polarization orders and domain distributions of molecular ferroelectrics. Profiting from the full-optical feature, SHG polarimetry can even be performed on samples covered by transparent mediums, 2D materials, or thin metal electrodes. Our research might spark further fundamental studies and expand the application boundaries of next-generation ferroelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wei Du
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-An Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jie Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xing Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Xiao Gu
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Lu
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Meng You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
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2
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Pesquera D, Fernández A, Khestanova E, Martin LW. Freestanding complex-oxide membranes. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:383001. [PMID: 35779514 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac7dd5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Complex oxides show a vast range of functional responses, unparalleled within the inorganic solids realm, making them promising materials for applications as varied as next-generation field-effect transistors, spintronic devices, electro-optic modulators, pyroelectric detectors, or oxygen reduction catalysts. Their stability in ambient conditions, chemical versatility, and large susceptibility to minute structural and electronic modifications make them ideal subjects of study to discover emergent phenomena and to generate novel functionalities for next-generation devices. Recent advances in the synthesis of single-crystal, freestanding complex oxide membranes provide an unprecedented opportunity to study these materials in a nearly-ideal system (e.g. free of mechanical/thermal interaction with substrates) as well as expanding the range of tools for tweaking their order parameters (i.e. (anti-)ferromagnetic, (anti-)ferroelectric, ferroelastic), and increasing the possibility of achieving novel heterointegration approaches (including interfacing dissimilar materials) by avoiding the chemical, structural, or thermal constraints in synthesis processes. Here, we review the recent developments in the fabrication and characterization of complex-oxide membranes and discuss their potential for unraveling novel physicochemical phenomena at the nanoscale and for further exploiting their functionalities in technologically relevant devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pesquera
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Abel Fernández
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | | | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
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3
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Qi J, Yang X, Pan PY, Huang T, Yang X, Wang CC, Liu W. Interface Engineering of Co(OH) 2 Nanosheets Growing on the KNbO 3 Perovskite Based on Electronic Structure Modulation for Enhanced Peroxymonosulfate Activation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5200-5212. [PMID: 35394751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Material-enhanced heterogonous peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation on emerging organic pollutant degradation has attracted intensive attention, and a challenge is the electron transfer efficiency from material to PMS for radical production. Herein, an interface architecture of Co(OH)2 nanosheets growing on the KNbO3 perovskite [Co(OH)2/KNbO3] was developed, which showed high catalytic activity in PMS activation. A high reaction rate constant (k1) of 0.631 min-1 and complete removal of pazufloxacin within 5 min were achieved. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the successful construction of the material interface and modulated electronic structure for Co(OH)2/KNbO3, resulting in the hole accumulation on Co(OH)2 and electron accumulation on KNbO3. Bader topological analysis on charge density distribution further indicates that the occupations of Co-3d and O-2p orbitals in Co(OH)2/KNbO3 are pushed above the Fermi level to form antibonding states (σ*), leading to high chemisorption affinity to PMS. In addition, more reactive Co(II) with the closer d-band center to the Fermi level results in higher electron transfer efficiency and lower decomposition energy of PMS to SO4•-. Moreover, the reactive sites of pazufloxacin for SO4•- attack were precisely identified based on DFT calculation on the Fukui index. The pazufloxacin pathways proceeded as decarboxylation, nitroheterocyclic ring opening reaction, defluorination, and hydroxylation. This work can provide a potential route in developing advanced catalysts based on manipulation of the interface and electronic structure for enhanced Fenton-like reaction such as PMS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Po-Yueh Pan
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Taobo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Chong-Chen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
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Grünebohm A, Marathe M, Khachaturyan R, Schiedung R, Lupascu DC, Shvartsman VV. Interplay of domain structure and phase transitions: theory, experiment and functionality. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:073002. [PMID: 34731841 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Domain walls and phase boundaries are fundamental ingredients of ferroelectrics and strongly influence their functional properties. Although both interfaces have been studied for decades, often only a phenomenological macroscopic understanding has been established. The recent developments in experiments and theory allow to address the relevant time and length scales and revisit nucleation, phase propagation and the coupling of domains and phase transitions. This review attempts to specify regularities of domain formation and evolution at ferroelectric transitions and give an overview on unusual polar topological structures that appear as transient states and at the nanoscale. We survey the benefits, validity, and limitations of experimental tools as well as simulation methods to study phase and domain interfaces. We focus on the recent success of these tools in joint scale-bridging studies to solve long lasting puzzles in the field and give an outlook on recent trends in superlattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grünebohm
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulations (ICAMS), Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Madhura Marathe
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulations (ICAMS), Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ruben Khachaturyan
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulations (ICAMS), Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Raphael Schiedung
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulations (ICAMS), Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- National Institute for Material Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Doru C Lupascu
- Institute for Materials Science and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Vladimir V Shvartsman
- Institute for Materials Science and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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5
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Lich LV, Bui TQ, Shimada T, Kitamura T, Hong HDT, Nguyen T, Dinh V. Abnormal Electromechanical Property of Nonlinearly Graded Lead‐Free Ferroelectric Thin Films. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Van Lich
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Hanoi University of Science and Technology No. 1, Dai Co Viet Street Hanoi 100000 Vietnam
| | - Tinh Quoc Bui
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1‐W8‐22, Ookayama Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152‐8552 Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science Kyoto University Nishikyo‐ku Kyoto 615‐8540 Japan
| | - Takayuki Kitamura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science Kyoto University Nishikyo‐ku Kyoto 615‐8540 Japan
| | - Hue Dang Thi Hong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Hanoi University of Science and Technology No. 1, Dai Co Viet Street Hanoi 100000 Vietnam
| | - Trong‐Giang Nguyen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Hanoi University of Science and Technology No. 1, Dai Co Viet Street Hanoi 100000 Vietnam
| | - Van‐Hai Dinh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Hanoi University of Science and Technology No. 1, Dai Co Viet Street Hanoi 100000 Vietnam
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6
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Ferroelectric phase-transition frustration near a tricritical composition point. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5322. [PMID: 34493734 PMCID: PMC8423788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase transition describes a mutational behavior of matter states at a critical transition temperature or external field. Despite the phase-transition orders are well sorted by classic thermodynamic theory, ambiguous situations interposed between the first- and second-order transitions were exposed one after another. Here, we report discovery of phase-transition frustration near a tricritical composition point in ferroelectric Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3. Our multi-scale transmission electron microscopy characterization reveals a number of geometrically frustrated microstructure features such as self-assembled hierarchical domain structure, degeneracy of mesoscale domain tetragonality and decoupled polarization-strain relationship. Associated with deviation from the classic mean-field theory, dielectric critical exponent anomalies and temperature dependent birefringence data unveil that the frustrated transition order stems from intricate competition of short-range polar orders and their decoupling to long-range lattice deformation. With supports from effective Hamiltonian Monte Carlo simulations, our findings point out a potentially universal mechanism to comprehend the abnormal critical phenomena occurring in phase-transition materials. Phase transition brings a plethora of exotic phenomena and intriguing effects such as spin and charge frustration. However, the phase transition order is not always explicit. Here, the authors discover phase transition frustration near a tricritical composition point in ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3.
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7
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Sarott MF, Gradauskaite E, Nordlander J, Strkalj N, Trassin M. In situmonitoring of epitaxial ferroelectric thin-film growth. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:293001. [PMID: 33873174 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abf979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In ferroelectric thin films, the polarization state and the domain configuration define the macroscopic ferroelectric properties such as the switching dynamics. Engineering of the ferroelectric domain configuration during synthesis is in permanent evolution and can be achieved by a range of approaches, extending from epitaxial strain tuning over electrostatic environment control to the influence of interface atomic termination. Exotic polar states are now designed in the technologically relevant ultrathin regime. The promise of energy-efficient devices based on ultrathin ferroelectric films depends on the ability to create, probe, and manipulate polar states in ever more complex epitaxial architectures. Because most ferroelectric oxides exhibit ferroelectricity during the epitaxial deposition process, the direct access to the polarization emergence and its evolution during the growth process, beyond the realm of existing structuralin situdiagnostic tools, is becoming of paramount importance. We review the recent progress in the field of monitoring polar states with an emphasis on the non-invasive probes allowing investigations of polarization during the thin film growth of ferroelectric oxides. A particular importance is given to optical second harmonic generationin situ. The ability to determine the net polarization and domain configuration of ultrathin films and multilayers during the growth of multilayers brings new insights towards a better understanding of the physics of ultrathin ferroelectrics and further control of ferroelectric-based heterostructures for devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Sarott
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elzbieta Gradauskaite
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Nordlander
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nives Strkalj
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Morgan Trassin
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Qian Q, Zu R, Ji Q, Jung GS, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Buehler MJ, Kong J, Gopalan V, Huang S. Chirality-Dependent Second Harmonic Generation of MoS 2 Nanoscroll with Enhanced Efficiency. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13333-13342. [PMID: 32926617 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Materials with high second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency and reduced dimensions are favorable for integrated photonics and nonlinear optical applications. Here, we fabricate MoS2 nanoscrolls with different chiralities and study their SHG performances. As a 1D material, MoS2 nanoscroll shows reduced symmetry and strong chirality dependency in the polarization-resolved SHG characterizations. This SHG performance can be well explained by the superposition theory of second harmonic field of the nanoscroll walls. MoS2 nanoscrolls with certain chiralities and diameters in our experiment can have SHG intensity up to 95 times stronger than that of monolayer MoS2, and the full potential can still be further exploited. The same chirality-dependent SHG can be expected for nanoscrolls or nanotubes composed of other noncentrosymmetric 2D materials, such as WS2, WSe2, and hBN. The characterization and analysis results presented here can also be exploited as a nondestructive technique to determine the chiralities of these nanoscrolls and nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkai Qian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Rui Zu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Qingqing Ji
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gang Seob Jung
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kunyan Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Physics, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075, United States
| | - Markus J Buehler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Venkatraman Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Shengxi Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Pesquera D, Parsonnet E, Qualls A, Xu R, Gubser AJ, Kim J, Jiang Y, Velarde G, Huang YL, Hwang HY, Ramesh R, Martin LW. Beyond Substrates: Strain Engineering of Ferroelectric Membranes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003780. [PMID: 32964567 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Strain engineering in perovskite oxides provides for dramatic control over material structure, phase, and properties, but is restricted by the discrete strain states produced by available high-quality substrates. Here, using the ferroelectric BaTiO3 , production of precisely strain-engineered, substrate-released nanoscale membranes is demonstrated via an epitaxial lift-off process that allows the high crystalline quality of films grown on substrates to be replicated. In turn, fine structural tuning is achieved using interlayer stress in symmetric trilayer oxide-metal/ferroelectric/oxide-metal structures fabricated from the released membranes. In devices integrated on silicon, the interlayer stress provides deterministic control of ordering temperature (from 75 to 425 °C) and releasing the substrate clamping is shown to dramatically impact ferroelectric switching and domain dynamics (including reducing coercive fields to <10 kV cm-1 and improving switching times to <5 ns for a 20 µm diameter capacitor in a 100-nm-thick film). In devices integrated on flexible polymers, enhanced room-temperature dielectric permittivity with large mechanical tunability (a 90% change upon ±0.1% strain application) is demonstrated. This approach paves the way toward the fabrication of ultrafast CMOS-compatible ferroelectric memories and ultrasensitive flexible nanosensor devices, and it may also be leveraged for the stabilization of novel phases and functionalities not achievable via direct epitaxial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pesquera
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Eric Parsonnet
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alexander Qualls
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ruijuan Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Andrew J Gubser
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yizhe Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Gabriel Velarde
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yen-Lin Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Harold Y Hwang
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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10
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Deng Y, Zhang R, Pekin TC, Gammer C, Ciston J, Ercius P, Ophus C, Bustillo K, Song C, Zhao S, Guo H, Zhao Y, Dong H, Chen Z, Minor AM. Functional Materials Under Stress: In Situ TEM Observations of Structural Evolution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906105. [PMID: 31746516 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The operating conditions of functional materials usually involve varying stress fields, resulting in structural changes, whether intentional or undesirable. Complex multiscale microstructures including defects, domains, and new phases, can be induced by mechanical loading in functional materials, providing fundamental insight into the deformation process of the involved materials. On the other hand, these microstructures, if induced in a controllable fashion, can be used to tune the functional properties or to enhance certain performance. In situ nanomechanical tests conducted in scanning/transmission electron microscopes (STEM/TEM) provide a critical tool for understanding the microstructural evolution in functional materials. Here, select results on a variety of functional material systems in the field are presented, with a brief introduction into some newly developed multichannel experimental capabilities to demonstrate the impact of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deng
- Solid State Microstructure National Key Lab and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ruopeng Zhang
- National Center of Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thomas C Pekin
- National Center of Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Christoph Gammer
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstrasse 12, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Jim Ciston
- National Center of Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Peter Ercius
- National Center of Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Colin Ophus
- National Center of Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Karen Bustillo
- National Center of Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Chengyu Song
- National Center of Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Shiteng Zhao
- National Center of Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77251, USA
| | - Yunlei Zhao
- Solid State Microstructure National Key Lab and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hongliang Dong
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Andrew M Minor
- National Center of Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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11
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Ormstrup J, Østergaard EV, Detlefs C, Mathiesen RH, Yildirim C, Kutsal M, Cook PK, Watier Y, Cosculluela C, Simons H. Imaging microstructural dynamics and strain fields in electro-active materials in situ with dark field x-ray microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:065103. [PMID: 32611058 DOI: 10.1063/1.5142319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The electric-field-induced and temperature induced dynamics of domains, defects, and phases play an important role in determining the macroscopic functional response of ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials. However, distinguishing and quantifying these phenomena remains a persistent challenge that inhibits our understanding of the fundamental structure-property relationships. In situ dark field x-ray microscopy is a new experimental technique for the real space mapping of lattice strain and orientation in bulk materials. In this paper, we describe an apparatus and methodology for conducting in situ studies of thermally and electrically induced structural dynamics and demonstrate their use on ferroelectric BaTiO3 single crystals. The stable temperature and electric field apparatus enables simultaneous control of electric fields up to ≈2 kV/mm at temperatures up to 200 °C with a stability of ΔT = ±0.01 K and a ramp rate of up to 0.5 K/min. This capability facilitates studies of critical phenomena, such as phase transitions, which we observe via the microstructural change occurring during the electric-field-induced cubic to tetragonal phase transition in BaTiO3 at its Curie temperature. With such systematic control, we show how the growth of the polar phase front and its associated ferroelastic domains fall along unexpected directions and, after several cycles of electric field application, result in a non-reversible lattice strain at the electrode-crystal interface. These capabilities pave the way for new insights into the temperature and electric field dependent electromechanical transitions and the critical influence of subtle defects and interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe Ormstrup
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Emil V Østergaard
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carsten Detlefs
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ragnvald H Mathiesen
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Can Yildirim
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Mustafacan Kutsal
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Philip K Cook
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yves Watier
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Carlos Cosculluela
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Hugh Simons
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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12
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Li Q, Marks SD, Bean S, Fisher M, Walko DA, DiChiara AD, Chen X, Imura K, Sato NK, Liu M, Evans PG, Wen H. Simultaneous scanning near-field optical and X-ray diffraction microscopy for correlative nanoscale structure-property characterization. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1790-1796. [PMID: 31490171 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519008609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A multimodal imaging instrument has been developed that integrates scanning near-field optical microscopy with nanofocused synchrotron X-ray diffraction imaging. The instrument allows for the simultaneous nanoscale characterization of electronic/near-field optical properties of materials together with their crystallographic structure, facilitating the investigation of local structure-property relationships. The design, implementation and operating procedures of this instrument are reported. The scientific capabilities are demonstrated in a proof-of-principle study of the insulator-metal phase transition in samarium sulfide (SmS) single crystals induced by applying mechanical pressure via a scanning tip. The multimodal imaging of an in situ tip-written region shows that the near-field optical reflectivity can be correlated with the heterogeneously transformed structure of the near-surface region of the crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Samuel D Marks
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Sunil Bean
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Michael Fisher
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Donald A Walko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Anthony D DiChiara
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Keiichiro Imura
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Noriaki K Sato
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Paul G Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Haidan Wen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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13
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Herklotz A, Rus SF, Balke N, Rouleau C, Guo EJ, Huon A, Kc S, Roth R, Yang X, Vaswani C, Wang J, Orth PP, Scheurer MS, Ward TZ. Designing Morphotropic Phase Composition in BiFeO 3. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1033-1038. [PMID: 30673240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In classical morphotropic piezoelectric materials, rhombohedral and tetragonal phase variants can energetically compete to form a mixed phase regime with improved functional properties. While the discovery of morphotropic-like phases in multiferroic BiFeO3 films has broadened this definition, accessing these phase spaces is still typically accomplished through isovalent substitution or heteroepitaxial strain which do not allow for continuous modification of phase composition postsynthesis. Here, we show that it is possible to use low-energy helium implantation to tailor morphotropic phases of epitaxial BiFeO3 films postsynthesis in a continuous and iterative manner. Applying this strain doping approach to morphotropic films creates a new phase space based on internal and external lattice stress that can be seen as an analogue to temperature-composition phase diagrams of classical morphotropic ferroelectric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Herklotz
- Materials Science and Technology Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
- Institute of Physics , Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , Halle 06099 , Germany
| | - Stefania F Rus
- Renewable Energies - Photovoltaics Laboratory , National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter , Timisoara 300569 , Romania
| | - Nina Balke
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Christopher Rouleau
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Er-Jia Guo
- Neutron Scattering Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Amanda Huon
- Materials Science and Technology Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Santosh Kc
- Materials Science and Technology Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Robert Roth
- Institute of Physics , Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , Halle 06099 , Germany
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Chirag Vaswani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Peter P Orth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Mathias S Scheurer
- Department of Physics , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Thomas Z Ward
- Materials Science and Technology Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
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14
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Rendón-Barraza C, Timpu F, Grange R, Brasselet S. Crystalline heterogeneity in single ferroelectric nanocrystals revealed by polarized nonlinear microscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1670. [PMID: 30737436 PMCID: PMC6368600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroelectric nanocrystals have considerable interest for applications in nanophotonics, optical memories and bio-imaging. Their crystalline nature at the nanoscale remains however poorly known, mostly because structural investigation tools on single nanocrystals are lacking. In this work we apply polarization resolved second harmonic generation (P-SHG) imaging on isolated Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) nanocrystals to unravel their crystalline nature, exploiting the sensitivity of polarized SHG to local non-centrosymmetry and nanocrystals surface responses. We evidence crystalline heterogeneities in BaTiO3 nanocrystals manifested by a centrosymmetric shell around the tetragonal core of the crystals, corroborating hypotheses from previous ensemble structural investigations. This study shows that in contrast to bulk materials, nanocrystals exhibit a complex composition, which is seen to be reproducible among nanocrystals. P-SHG appears furthermore as a powerful methodology that reports structural behaviors in nanoscale dielectrics materials, at the individual nanoparticle scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rendón-Barraza
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, F-13013, Marseille, France.,Ultrafast and Microspectroscopy Laboratories and ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Flavia Timpu
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Grange
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Brasselet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, F-13013, Marseille, France.
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15
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Huang F, Hu C, Tian H, Meng X, Tan P, Zhou Z. Controllable anisotropic characteristics in solid solution ferroelectrics. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01198f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Controllable anisotropic properties by adjusting the anisotropic composition gradients in KTN single crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- School of Physics
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Chengpeng Hu
- School of Physics
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Hao Tian
- School of Physics
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Xiangda Meng
- School of Physics
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Peng Tan
- School of Physics
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Zhongxiang Zhou
- School of Physics
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
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16
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Simons H, Haugen AB, Jakobsen AC, Schmidt S, Stöhr F, Majkut M, Detlefs C, Daniels JE, Damjanovic D, Poulsen HF. Long-range symmetry breaking in embedded ferroelectrics. NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:814-819. [PMID: 29941920 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic functionality of ferroelectric materials is due to the symmetry of their crystalline structure. As such, ferroelectrics lend themselves to design approaches that manipulate this structural symmetry by introducing extrinsic strain. Using in situ dark-field X-ray microscopy to map lattice distortions around deeply embedded domain walls and grain boundaries in BaTiO3, we reveal that symmetry-breaking strain fields extend up to several micrometres from domain walls. As this exceeds the average domain width, no part of the material is elastically relaxed, and symmetry is universally broken. Such extrinsic strains are pivotal in defining the local properties and self-organization of embedded domain walls, and must be accounted for by emerging computational approaches to material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Simons
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Astri Bjørnetun Haugen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Schmidt
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frederik Stöhr
- DTU Danchip, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marta Majkut
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | | | - John E Daniels
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Dragan Damjanovic
- Group for Ferroelectrics and Functional Oxides, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne - EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Probing Ferroic States in Oxide Thin Films Using Optical Second Harmonic Generation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Forthcoming low-energy consumption oxide electronics rely on the deterministic control of ferroelectric and multiferroic domain states at the nanoscale. In this review, we address the recent progress in the field of investigation of ferroic order in thin films and heterostructures, with a focus on non-invasive optical second harmonic generation (SHG). For more than 50 years, SHG has served as an established technique for probing ferroic order in bulk materials. Here, we will survey the specific new aspects introduced to SHG investigation of ferroelectrics and multiferroics by working with thin film structures. We show how SHG can probe complex ferroic domain patterns non-invasively and even if the lateral domain size is below the optical resolution limit or buried beneath an otherwise impenetrable cap layer. We emphasize the potential of SHG to distinguish contributions from individual (multi-) ferroic films or interfaces buried in a device or multilayer architecture. Special attention is given to monitoring switching events in buried ferroic domain- and domain-wall distributions by SHG, thus opening new avenues towards the determination of the domain dynamics. Another aspect studied by SHG is the role of strain. We will finally show that by integrating SHG into the ongoing thin film deposition process, we can monitor the emergence of ferroic order and properties in situ, while they emerge during growth. Our review closes with an outlook, emphasizing the present underrepresentation of ferroic switching dynamics in the study of ferroic oxide heterostructures.
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18
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Akamatsu H, Yuan Y, Stoica VA, Stone G, Yang T, Hong Z, Lei S, Zhu Y, Haislmaier RC, Freeland JW, Chen LQ, Wen H, Gopalan V. Light-Activated Gigahertz Ferroelectric Domain Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:096101. [PMID: 29547337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.096101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using time- and spatially resolved hard x-ray diffraction microscopy, the striking structural and electrical dynamics upon optical excitation of a single crystal of BaTiO_{3} are simultaneously captured on subnanoseconds and nanoscale within individual ferroelectric domains and across walls. A large emergent photoinduced electric field of up to 20×10^{6} V/m is discovered in a surface layer of the crystal, which then drives polarization and lattice dynamics that are dramatically distinct in a surface layer versus bulk regions. A dynamical phase-field modeling method is developed that reveals the microscopic origin of these dynamics, leading to gigahertz polarization and elastic waves traveling in the crystal with sonic speeds and spatially varying frequencies. The advances in spatiotemporal imaging and dynamical modeling tools open up opportunities for disentangling ultrafast processes in complex mesoscale structures such as ferroelectric domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Akamatsu
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Yakun Yuan
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Vladimir A Stoica
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Greg Stone
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Tiannan Yang
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Zijian Hong
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Shiming Lei
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ryan C Haislmaier
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Haidan Wen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Venkatraman Gopalan
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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19
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Yang Y, Paillard C, Xu B, Bellaiche L. Photostriction and elasto-optic response in multiferroics and ferroelectrics from first principles. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:073001. [PMID: 29300181 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaa51f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present work reviews a series of recent first-principles studies devoted to the description of the interaction of light and strain in ferroelectric and multiferroic materials. Specifically, the modelling schemes used in these works to describe the so-called photostriction and elasto-optic effects are presented, in addition to the results and analysis provided by these ab initio calculations. In particular, the large importance of the piezoelectric effect in the polar direction in the photostriction of ferroelectric materials is stressed. Similarly, the occurrence of low-symmetry phases in lead titanate thin films under tensile strain is demonstrated to result in large elasto-optic constants. In addition, first-principle calculations allow to gain microscopic knowledge of subtle effects, for instance in the case of photostriction, where the deformation potential effect in directions perpendicular to the polar axis is shown to be almost as significant as the piezoelectric effect. As a result, the numerical methods presented here could propel the design of efficient opto-mechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Yang
- Department of Physics and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
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20
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Rubio-Marcos F, Del Campo A, Rojas-Hernandez RE, Ramírez MO, Parra R, Ichikawa RU, Ramajo LA, Bausá LE, Fernández JF. Experimental evidence of charged domain walls in lead-free ferroelectric ceramics: light-driven nanodomain switching. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:705-715. [PMID: 29242859 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04304j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The control of ferroelectric domain walls at the nanometric level leads to novel interfacial properties and functionalities. In particular, the comprehension of charged domain walls, CDWs, lies at the frontier of future nanoelectronic research. Whereas many of the effects have been demonstrated for ideal archetypes, such as single crystals, and/or thin films, a similar control of CDWs on polycrystalline ferroelectrics has not been achieved. Here, we unambiguously show the presence of charged domain walls on a lead-free (K,Na)NbO3 polycrystalline system. The appearance of CDWs is observed in situ by confocal Raman microscopy and second harmonic generation microscopy. CDWs produce an internal strain gradient within each domain. Specifically, the anisotropic strain develops a crucial piece in the ferroelectric domain switching due to the coupling between the polarization of light and the ferroelectric polarization of the nanodomain in the (K,Na)NbO3 ceramic. This effect leads to the tuning of the ferroelectric domain switching by means of the light polarization angle. Our results will help to understand the relevance of charged domain walls on the ferroelectric domain switching process and may facilitate the development of domain wall nanoelectronics by remote light control utilizing polycrystalline ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rubio-Marcos
- Electroceramic Department, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, CSIC, Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Magnetostriction-polarization coupling in multiferroic Mn 2MnWO 6. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2037. [PMID: 29229914 PMCID: PMC5725588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Double corundum-related polar magnets are promising materials for multiferroic and magnetoelectric applications in spintronics. However, their design and synthesis is a challenge, and magnetoelectric coupling has only been observed in Ni3TeO6 among the known double corundum compounds to date. Here we address the high-pressure synthesis of a new polar and antiferromagnetic corundum derivative Mn2MnWO6, which adopts the Ni3TeO6-type structure with low temperature first-order field-induced metamagnetic phase transitions (T N = 58 K) and high spontaneous polarization (~ 63.3 μC·cm-2). The magnetostriction-polarization coupling in Mn2MnWO6 is evidenced by second harmonic generation effect, and corroborated by magnetic-field-dependent pyroresponse behavior, which together with the magnetic-field-dependent polarization and dielectric measurements, qualitatively indicate magnetoelectric coupling. Piezoresponse force microscopy imaging and spectroscopy studies on Mn2MnWO6 show switchable polarization, which motivates further exploration on magnetoelectric effect in single crystal/thin film specimens.
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22
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Roh CJ, Hamh SY, Woo CS, Kim KE, Yang CH, Lee JS. Ferroelectric domain states of a tetragonal BiFeO 3 thin film investigated by second harmonic generation microscopy. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:353. [PMID: 28511534 PMCID: PMC5432460 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the ferroelectric state of a tetragonal BiFeO3 thin film grown on a LaAlO3 (001) substrate using an optical second harmonic generation (SHG) microscope. Whereas the ferroelectric state of this material hosts nanometer-sized domains which again form micrometer-sized domains of four different configurations, we could figure out the characteristic features of each domain from the SHG mapping with various sizes of the probe beam, i.e., from 0.7 to 3.9 μm in its diameter. In particular, we demonstrate that a single micrometer-sized domain contributes to the SHG as a coherent summation of the constituent nanometer-sized domains, and multi-micrometer-sized domains contribute to the SHG as an incoherent summation of each micro-domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Jae Roh
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 Korea
| | - Sun Young Hamh
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Woo
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701 Korea
| | - Kwang-Eun Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701 Korea
| | - Chan-Ho Yang
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701 Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 Korea
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23
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Han B, Zhao C, Zhu ZX, Chen X, Han Y, Hu D, Zhang MH, Thong HC, Wang K. Temperature-Insensitive Piezoelectric Performance in Pb(Zr 0.52Ti 0.42Sn 0.02Nb 0.04)O 3 Ceramics Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:34078-34084. [PMID: 28895720 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dense Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.42Sn0.02Nb0.04)O3 high-performance piezoceramics were prepared by spark plasma sintering. Phase structure, domain structure, and temperature-dependent electrical properties were systematically investigated. The spark-plasma-sintered ceramics possess a pure perovskite structure with rhombohedral-tetragonal (R-T) phase boundaries and a high Curie temperature of 347 °C. Reliable performance against temperature was observed. First, high strain behavior with a normalized strain d33* of 640 and 710 pm/V occurred at 25 and 150 °C, respectively, varying less than 11%. Besides, a large remnant polarization Pr of 36.9 μC/cm2 is observed at room temperature and varies less than 18% within the temperature range of 25-150 °C. In addition, an enhanced piezoelectric coefficient d33 of ∼460 pm/V was attained at a high temperature of 150 °C, manifesting a 40% enhancement with respect to the d33 value (330 pm/V) obtained at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology , Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chunlin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhu
- Department of New Electrical Materials, State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute , Changping District, Beijing 102209, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of New Electrical Materials, State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute , Changping District, Beijing 102209, P. R. China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of New Electrical Materials, State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute , Changping District, Beijing 102209, P. R. China
| | - Duan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hao Cheng Thong
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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24
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Ferraro M, Pierangeli D, Flammini M, Di Domenico G, Falsi L, Di Mei F, Agranat AJ, DelRe E. Observation of polarization-maintaining light propagation in depoled compositionally disordered ferroelectrics. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:3856-3859. [PMID: 28957144 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.003856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the evolution of the state of polarization of light propagating through bulk depoled composite ferroelectrics below the Curie temperature. In contrast to standard depoled ferroelectrics, where random birefringence causes depolarization and scattering, light is observed to suffer varying degrees of depolarization and remains fully polarized when linearly polarized along the crystal principal axes. The effect is found to be supported by the formation of polarized speckles organized into a spatial lattice and occurs as the ferroelectric settles into a spontaneous super-crystal, a three-dimensional coherent mosaic of ferroelectric clusters. The polarization lattices gradually disappear as the ferroelectric state reduces to a disordered distribution of polar nanoregions above the critical point.
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25
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Direct evidence of correlation between the second harmonic generation anisotropy patterns and the polarization orientation of perovskite ferroelectric. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9051. [PMID: 28831169 PMCID: PMC5567238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
For ferroelectric materials, where the polar state breaks the inversion symmetry, second harmonic generation is a useful tool to prove their ferroelectric properties. However, the correlation between the anisotropy patterns and the polarization orientation of the ferroelectric domains has not been clarified yet. In this work, we systematically investigated this correlation in a typical perovskite oxide ferroelectric, Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) crystal, by second harmonic generation and the piezoresponse force microscopy technique. The evolution of polarization-dependent anisotropy patterns proves that there is a linear relationship between the rotation angle of second harmonic generation anisotropy patterns and the polarization angle of BaTiO3 single crystals. It is a direct evidence illustrating that the polarization of BaTiO3 crystal can be qualitatively identified in 0°-180° by second harmonic generation technology. This work gives a glance at improving a nonintrusive and convenient method to identify the polarization of perovskite ferroelectric materials.
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Luo J, Sun W, Zhou Z, Bai Y, Wang ZJ, Tian G, Chen D, Gao X, Zhu F, Li JF. Domain Evolution and Piezoelectric Response across Thermotropic Phase Boundary in (K,Na)NbO 3-Based Epitaxial Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:13315-13322. [PMID: 28368096 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent research progress in (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN)-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics has attracted increasing attention for their applications to microsystems or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in the form of thin films. This work demonstrates that high-quality KNN-based epitaxial films can be synthesized by a conventional sol-gel method, whose phase structure and domain characteristics have been investigated with emphasis on the temperature effect. A monoclinic MC structure is observed at room temperature in KNN-based epitaxial films, which is close to but different from the orthorhombic phase in bulk counterparts. Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) at elevated temperatures reveals continuous changes of ferroelectric domains in KNN films during heating and cooling cycles between room temperature and 190 °C. A distinct change in domain morphology is observed upon heating to 110 °C, accompanied by a clear variation of dielectric permittivity suggesting a thermotropic phase transition, which is revealed to belong to a MC-MA phase transition on the basis of structural and PFM analysis on local ferroelectric and piezoelectric behaviors. Enhanced piezoelectric response at the thermotropic phase boundary is observed, which is attributed to active domains and/or nanodomains formed across the boundary. Domain engineering by utilizing the phase transition should be important and effective in KNN-based films not only for property enhancement but also for its textured ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhan Jie Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guo Tian
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Deyang Chen
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xingsen Gao
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 239 Zhangheng Road, Pu-dong District, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jing-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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Inverting polar domains via electrical pulsing in metallic germanium telluride. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15033. [PMID: 28401949 PMCID: PMC5394341 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Germanium telluride (GeTe) is both polar and metallic, an unusual combination of properties in any material system. The large concentration of free-carriers in GeTe precludes the coupling of external electric field with internal polarization, rendering it ineffective for conventional ferroelectric applications and polarization switching. Here we investigate alternate ways of coupling the polar domains in GeTe to external electrical stimuli through optical second harmonic generation polarimetry and in situ TEM electrical testing on single-crystalline GeTe nanowires. We show that anti-phase boundaries, created from current pulses (heat shocks), invert the polarization of selective domains resulting in reorganization of certain 71o domain boundaries into 109o boundaries. These boundaries subsequently interact and evolve with the partial dislocations, which migrate from domain to domain with the carrier-wind force (electrical current). This work suggests that current pulses and carrier-wind force could be external stimuli for domain engineering in ferroelectrics with significant current leakage. Polar metals such as GeTe could store information using electric domains but the high conductivity screens electric fields, preventing the use of usual domain control techniques. Here, the authors demonstrate that polar domains in GeTe can be manipulated using electrically generated heat shocks.
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De Luca G, Rossell MD, Schaab J, Viart N, Fiebig M, Trassin M. Domain Wall Architecture in Tetragonal Ferroelectric Thin Films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605145. [PMID: 27936292 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-Ising-like 180° ferroelectric domain wall architecture and domain distribution in tetragonal PbZrx Ti1-x O3 thin films are probed using a combination of optical second harmonic generation and scanning transmission electron microscopy. In the remnant state, a specific nonlinear optical signature of tilted 180° domain walls corresponding to a mixed Ising-Néel-type rotation of polarization across the wall is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele De Luca
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, ,8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta D Rossell
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, ,8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Schaab
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, ,8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Viart
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg - CNRS UMR 7504, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Manfred Fiebig
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, ,8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Morgan Trassin
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, ,8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Lv X, Wu J, Yang S, Xiao D, Zhu J. Identification of Phase Boundaries and Electrical Properties in Ternary Potassium-Sodium Niobate-Based Ceramics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:18943-18953. [PMID: 27404481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A large piezoelectric constant (d33) of ∼480 pC/N was attained in new ternary (1-x-y)K0.5Na0.5Nb0.96Sb0.04O3-xBaSnO3-yBi0.5Na0.5ZrO3 ceramics by forming rhombohedral-orthorhombic-tetragonal (R-O-T) phase boundary using the variations of x and y, and such a phase boundary was successfully confirmed by the convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) patterns. For (1-x)K0.5Na0.5Nb0.96Sb0.04O3-xBaSnO3, the orthorhombic (O) phase is well-maintained for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.015, and both the R and T phases can be introduced to (0.99-y)K0.5Na0.5Nb0.96Sb0.04O3-0.01BaSnO3-yBi0.5Na0.5ZrO3 with y = 0.025-0.04 by simultaneously tailoring their compositions (x and y); then, R-O-T multiphases can be well-established. The CBED patterns strongly support the existence of R-O-T multiphases in the ceramics with y = 0.035. When the phase transitions endure from O to R-O-T, their piezoelectric activity endures a leapfrog development from ∼165 to ∼480 pC/N. In the region of the R-O-T phase boundary, a large d33 of ∼480 pC/N was attained in the ceramics with x = 0.01 and y = 0.035. In addition, the ceramics with x = 0.01 and y = 0.04 possess a high strain of ∼0.274% due to the multiphases coexistence. According to the variations of dielectric and ferroelectric properties, the enhancement in εr and Pr plays a part in the improved d33 except for the R-O-T phase boundary. We believe that the (K, Na)NbO3 ternary systems can be used to promote piezoelectric activity by forming new phase boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lv
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Jiagang Wu
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Dingquan Xiao
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
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30
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Schwarzkopf J, Braun D, Hanke M, Kwasniewski A, Sellmann J, Schmidbauer M. Monoclinic MA
domains in anisotropically strained ferroelectric K0.75Na0.25NbO3 films on (110) TbScO3 grown by MOCVD. J Appl Crystallogr 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576716000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly regular one-dimensional domain pattern is formed in ferroelectric K0.75Na0.25NbO3 thin films grown on (110) TbScO3 substrates using metal–organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). The domain pattern exhibits a lateral periodicity of about 50 nm and extends over several micrometres. The monoclinic symmetry of the domains is controlled by the elastic anisotropy of K0.75Na0.25NbO3 and the anisotropic lattice strain, which is highly compressive in one in-plane direction and weakly tensile in the corresponding orthogonal direction. Using piezoresponse force microscopy and X-ray diffraction, the monoclinic MA
phase is identified, which is associated with both a strong vertical and a lateral electric polarization component. The lateral component of the polarization vector is collinear with the ±[{\overline 1}10]pc shear direction of the pseudocubic unit cell of the film and changes periodically by 180° in adjacent domains. A structural variant of a 90° rotated MA
domain pattern, where the monoclinic distortion of the pseudocubic unit cells occurs along ±[110]pc, is also observed. However, this variant appears with significantly lower probability, in agreement with energy considerations based on linear elasticity theory. Thus, the incorporation of highly anisotropic lattice strain provides the opportunity to grow one-dimensional nanostructures with high ferroelectric properties.
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31
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Trassin M. Low energy consumption spintronics using multiferroic heterostructures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:033001. [PMID: 26703387 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/3/033001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We review the recent progress in the field of multiferroic magnetoelectric heterostructures. The lack of single phase multiferroic candidates exhibiting simultaneously strong and coupled magnetic and ferroelectric orders led to an increased effort into the development of artificial multiferroic heterostructures in which these orders are combined by assembling different materials. The magnetoelectric coupling emerging from the created interface between the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic layers can result in electrically tunable magnetic transition temperature, magnetic anisotropy or magnetization reversal. The full potential of low energy consumption magnetic based devices for spintronics lies in our understanding of the magnetoelectric coupling at the scale of the ferroic domains. Although the thin film synthesis progresses resulted into the complete control of ferroic domain ordering using epitaxial strain, the local observation of magnetoelectric coupling remains challenging. The ability to imprint ferroelectric domains into ferromagnets and to manipulate those solely using electric fields suggests new technological advances for spintronics such as magnetoelectric memories or memristors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Trassin
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich
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32
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Synthesis and thermotropic behaviour of bis(imidazolium) salts bearing long-chain alkyl-substituents and of the corresponding dinuclear gold carbene complexes. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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33
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Chen L, Yang Y, Gui Z, Sando D, Bibes M, Meng XK, Bellaiche L. Large Elasto-Optic Effect in Epitaxial PbTiO(3) Films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:267602. [PMID: 26765030 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.267602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
First-principles calculations are performed to investigate the elasto-optic properties of four different structural phases in (001) epitaxial PbTiO(3) films under tensile strain: a tetragonal (T) phase and an orthorhombic (O) phase, which are the ground states for small and large strain, respectively, and two low-symmetry, monoclinic phases of Cm and Pm symmetries that have low total energy in the intermediate strain range. It is found that the refractive indices of the T and O phases respond differently to epitaxial strain, evidenced by a change of sign of their effective elasto-optic coefficients, and as a result of presently discovered correlations between refractive index, axial ratio, and magnitude of the ferroelectric polarization. The difference in refractive indices between T and O and the existence of such correlations naturally lead to large elasto-optic coefficients in the Cm and Pm states in the intermediate strain range, because Cm structurally bridges the T and O phases (via polarization rotation and a rapid change of its axial ratio) and Pm adopts a similar axial ratio and polarization magnitude to Cm. The present results therefore broaden the palette of functionalities of ferroelectric materials, and suggest new routes to generate systems with unprecedentedly large elasto-optic conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yurong Yang
- Department of Physics and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Zhigang Gui
- Department of Physics and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - D Sando
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - M Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - X K Meng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - L Bellaiche
- Department of Physics and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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34
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Cordero F. Elastic Properties and Enhanced Piezoelectric Response at Morphotropic Phase Boundaries. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 8:8195-8245. [PMID: 28793707 PMCID: PMC5458858 DOI: 10.3390/ma8125452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The search for improved piezoelectric materials is based on the morphotropic phase boundaries (MPB) between ferroelectric phases with different crystal symmetry and available directions for the spontaneous polarization. Such regions of the composition x - T phase diagrams provide the conditions for minimal anisotropy with respect to the direction of the polarization, so that the polarization can easily rotate maintaining a substantial magnitude, while the near verticality of the TMPB(x) boundary extends the temperature range of the resulting enhanced piezoelectricity. Another consequence of the quasi-isotropy of the free energy is a reduction of the domain walls energies, with consequent formation of domain structures down to nanoscale. Disentangling the extrinsic and intrinsic contributions to the piezoelectricity in such conditions requires a high level of sophistication from the techniques and analyses for studying the structural, ferroelectric and dielectric properties. The elastic characterization is extremely useful in clarifying the phenomenology and mechanisms related to ferroelectric MPBs. The relationship between dielectric, elastic and piezoelectric responses is introduced in terms of relaxation of defects with electric dipole and elastic quadrupole, and extended to the response near phase transitions in the framework of the Landau theory. An account is provided of the anelastic experiments, from torsional pendulum to Brillouin scattering, that provided new important information on ferroelectric MPBs, including PZT, PMN-PT, NBT-BT, BCTZ, and KNN-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cordero
- CNR-ISC, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Area della Ricerca di Roma-Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Roma I-00133, Italy.
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35
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Li Q, Cao Y, Yu P, Vasudevan RK, Laanait N, Tselev A, Xue F, Chen LQ, Maksymovych P, Kalinin SV, Balke N. Giant elastic tunability in strained BiFeO3 near an electrically induced phase transition. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8985. [PMID: 26597483 PMCID: PMC4673877 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastic anomalies are signatures of phase transitions in condensed matters and have traditionally been studied using various techniques spanning from neutron scattering to static mechanical testing. Here, using band-excitation elastic/piezoresponse spectroscopy, we probed sub-MHz elastic dynamics of a tip bias-induced rhombohedral−tetragonal phase transition of strained (001)-BiFeO3 (rhombohedral) ferroelectric thin films from ∼103 nm3 sample volumes. Near this transition, we observed that the Young's modulus intrinsically softens by over 30% coinciding with two- to three-fold enhancement of local piezoresponse. Coupled with phase-field modelling, we also addressed the influence of polarization switching and mesoscopic structural heterogeneities (for example, domain walls) on the kinetics of this phase transition, thereby providing fresh insights into the morphotropic phase boundary in ferroelectrics. Furthermore, the giant electrically tunable elastic stiffness and corresponding electromechanical properties observed here suggest potential applications of BiFeO3 in next-generation frequency-agile electroacoustic devices, based on the utilization of the soft modes underlying successive ferroelectric phase transitions. Ferroelectric materials possess spontaneous electrical polarization coupled to their underlying lattice structure, which may be utilized technologically. Here, the authors use band-excitation piezoresponse/elastic spectroscopy to study the sub-megahertz dynamics of a structural phase transition in BiFeO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Li
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Y Cao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - P Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center for Quantum Matter, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - R K Vasudevan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - N Laanait
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A Tselev
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - F Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - L Q Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - P Maksymovych
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S V Kalinin
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - N Balke
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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36
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Chen F, Goodfellow J, Liu S, Grinberg I, Hoffmann MC, Damodaran AR, Zhu Y, Zalden P, Zhang X, Takeuchi I, Rappe AM, Martin LW, Wen H, Lindenberg AM. Ultrafast Terahertz Gating of the Polarization and Giant Nonlinear Optical Response in BiFeO3 Thin Films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:6371-5. [PMID: 26389651 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz pulses are applied as an all-optical bias to ferroelectric thin-film BiFeO3 while monitoring the time-dependent ferroelectric polarization through its nonlinear optical response. Modulations in the intensity of the second harmonic light generated by the film correspond to on-off ratios of 220× gateable on femtosecond timescales. Polarization modulations comparable to the built-in static polarization are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Chen
- SIMES Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - John Goodfellow
- SIMES Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shi Liu
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ilya Grinberg
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Anoop R Damodaran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Peter Zalden
- SIMES Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Xiaohang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Haidan Wen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- SIMES Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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37
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Kong L, Liu G, Yang W, Cao W. An insight into the origin of low-symmetry bridging phase and enhanced functionality in systems containing competing phases. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2015; 107:042901. [PMID: 26339070 PMCID: PMC4522009 DOI: 10.1063/1.4927550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
High piezoelectric activity of ferroelectrics with morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) compositions has been the focus of numerous recent investigations. The concept of a bridging low-symmetry phase between competing phase structures of the MPB composition remains controversial due to the compositional inhomogeneity near the MPB and the lack of appropriate experimental techniques to delineate the complex crystal structures. We have studied a simple ferroelectric BaTiO3 by employing a high resolution synchrotron-based technique, in which the formation of different symmetry regions due to chemical inhomogeneity can be ruled out. We observed two types of thermotropic phase boundaries, revealing the importance of interphase-strain in the formation of a bridging phase between competing phases and the enhancement of functionality.
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38
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Zheng T, Wu J, Xiao D, Zhu J, Wang X, Xin L, Lou X. Strong piezoelectricity in (1 - x)(K0.4Na0.6)(Nb0.96Sb0.04)O3-xBi0.5K0.5Zr1-ySnyO3 lead-free binary system: identification and role of multiphase coexistence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:5927-5937. [PMID: 25734451 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a strong piezoelectric activity in (1 - x)(K0.4Na0.6)(Nb0.96Sb0.04)O3-xBi0.5K0.5Zr1-ySnyO3 lead-free ceramics by designing different phase boundaries. The phase boundaries concerning rhombohedral-orthorhombic-tetragonal (R-O-T) and rhombohedral-tetragonal (R-T) multiphase coexistence were attained by changing BKZS and Sn contents and then were identified by the X-ray diffraction patterns as well as temperature-dependent permittivity and ν1 Raman modes associated with BO6 perovskite octahedron. A high strain (strain = 0.21-0.28% and d33* = 707-880 pm/V) and a strong piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 415-460 pC/N) were shown in the ceramics located at the multiphase coexistence region. The reported results of this work are superior to that (d33* ∼ 570 pm/V and d33 ∼ 416 pC/N) of the textured (K,Na,Li)(Nb,Ta,Sb)O3 ceramics [Nature 2004, 432, 84]. We believe that the material system of this work will become one of the most promising candidates for piezoelectric actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zheng
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R.China
- Multi-disciplinary Materials Research Center, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jiagang Wu
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R.China
- Multi-disciplinary Materials Research Center, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Dingquan Xiao
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R.China
- Multi-disciplinary Materials Research Center, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R.China
- Multi-disciplinary Materials Research Center, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjian Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R.China
- Multi-disciplinary Materials Research Center, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lipeng Xin
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R.China
- Multi-disciplinary Materials Research Center, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Lou
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R.China
- Multi-disciplinary Materials Research Center, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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Nah S, Kuo YH, Chen F, Park J, Sinclair R, Lindenberg AM. Ultrafast polarization response of an optically trapped single ferroelectric nanowire. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:4322-7. [PMID: 25051318 DOI: 10.1021/nl5011228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional potassium niobate nanowires are of interest as building blocks in integrated piezoelectric devices, exhibiting large nonlinear optical and piezoelectric responses. Here we present femtosecond measurements of light-induced polarization dynamics within an optically trapped ferroelectric nanowire, using the second-order nonlinear susceptibility as a real-time structural probe. Large amplitude, reversible modulations of the nonlinear susceptibility are observed within single nanowires at megahertz repetition rates, developing on few-picosecond time-scales, associated with anomalous coupling of light into the nanowire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Nah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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