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Zhou J, Wang S, Shen L, Song Y, Cao Z, Li Y, Luan P, Li H, Bai X, Zhang H. CTGF Inhibits the Differentiation of Chicken Preadipocytes via the TGFβ/Smad3 Signaling Pathway or by Inducing the Expression of ACTG2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39178398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Chicken is the main source of protein for humans in most parts of the world. However, excessive fat deposition in chickens has become a serious problem. This adversely affects the growth of chickens and causes economic losses. Fat formation mainly occurs through preadipocyte differentiation, and excessive fat deposition results from the accumulation of preadipocytes after differentiation. Our previous studies have found that the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) may be an important candidate gene for fat deposition. However, its function and mechanism in preadipocyte differentiation are still unclear. In this study, the RT-qPCR and Western blot results showed that the expression of CTGF mRNA and protein in the abdominal adipose of lean chickens was significantly higher than that of fat chickens. Therefore, we studied the function and mechanism of the CTGF in the differentiation of chicken preadipocytes. Functionally, the CTGF inhibited the differentiation of chicken preadipocytes. Mechanistically, the CTGF mediated the TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the differentiation of chicken preadipocytes. In addition, we used the unique molecular identifier (UMI) RNA-Seq technology to detect genes that can be regulated by the CTGF in the whole genome. Through transcriptome data analysis, we selected actin gamma 2 (ACTG2) as a candidate gene. Regarding the function of the ACTG2 gene, we found that it inhibited the differentiation of chicken preadipocytes. Furthermore, we found that the CTGF can inhibit the differentiation of preadipocytes through the ACTG2 gene. In summary, this study found the CTGF as a new negative regulator of chicken preadipocyte differentiation. The results of this study help improve the understanding of the molecular genetic mechanism of chicken adipose tissue growth and development and also have reference significance for the study of human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Linyong Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yumao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Peng Luan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
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Onji H, Tate S, Sakaue T, Fujiwara K, Nakano S, Kawaida M, Onishi N, Matsumoto T, Yamagami W, Sugiyama T, Higashiyama S, Pommier Y, Kobayashi Y, Murai J. Schlafen 11 further sensitizes BRCA-deficient cells to PARP inhibitors through single-strand DNA gap accumulation behind replication forks. Oncogene 2024; 43:2475-2489. [PMID: 38961202 PMCID: PMC11315672 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The preferential response to PARP inhibitors (PARPis) in BRCA-deficient and Schlafen 11 (SLFN11)-expressing ovarian cancers has been documented, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. As the accumulation of single-strand DNA (ssDNA) gaps behind replication forks is key for the lethality effect of PARPis, we investigated the combined effects of SLFN11 expression and BRCA deficiency on PARPi sensitivity and ssDNA gap formation in human cancer cells. PARPis increased chromatin-bound RPA2 and ssDNA gaps in SLFN11-expressing cells and even more in cells with BRCA1 or BRCA2 deficiency. SLFN11 was co-localized with chromatin-bound RPA2 under PARPis treatment, with enhanced recruitment in BRCA2-deficient cells. Notably, the chromatin-bound SLFN11 under PARPis did not block replication, contrary to its function under replication stress. SLFN11 recruitment was attenuated by the inactivation of MRE11. Hence, under PARPi treatment, MRE11 expression and BRCA deficiency lead to ssDNA gaps behind replication forks, where SLFN11 binds and increases their accumulation. As ovarian cancer patients who responded (progression-free survival >2 years) to olaparib maintenance therapy had a significantly higher SLFN11-positivity than short-responders (<6 months), our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of the favorable responses to PARPis in SLFN11-expressing and BRCA-deficient tumors. It highlight the clinical implications of SLFN11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Onji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Sota Tate
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sakaue
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kohei Fujiwara
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shiho Nakano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Miho Kawaida
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Onishi
- Department of Clinical Diagnostic Oncology, Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamagami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Oncogenesis and Tumor Regulation, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Junko Murai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Toon, Ehime, Japan.
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan.
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Zhang D, Ma X, Li H, Li X, Wang J, Zan L. SERPINE1AS2 regulates intramuscular adipogenesis by inhibiting PAI1 protein expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133592. [PMID: 38960265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Antisense long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) played a crucial role in the precise regulation of essential biological processes and were abundantly present in animals. Many of these antisense lncRNAs have been identified as key roles in adipose tissue accumulation in livestock, underscoring their vital role in the regulation of animal physiology. Nonetheless, the functional roles of these antisense lncRNAs in regulating adipogenesis and the specific molecular mechanisms these processes were still unclear, which was a significant gap in current scientific research. In this study, we identified and characterized SERPINE1AS2, a novel natural antisense lncRNA, was highly expressed in the fat tissues of adult cattle and calves. Its expression gradually increased during the differentiation of intramuscular adipocytes. Through functional studies, we observed that knockdown of SERPINE1AS2 inhibited the proliferation and adipogenesis of intramuscular adipocytes, while overexpression of SERPINE1AS2 produced the opposite effect. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis following SERPINE1AS2 knockdown revealed that differential expression genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in key signaling pathways, notably the MAPK, Wnt, and mTOR signaling pathways. Furthermore, SERPINE1AS2 interacted with Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI1), forming RNA dimers through complementary base pairing and consequently influencing PAI1 expression. Interestingly, studies on PAI1 suggested that reduced expression facilitated adipogenesis and the downregulation of PAI1 alleviated the inhibitory effect of reduced SERPINE1AS2 on adipogenesis. In summary, this study suggested that SERPINE1AS2 played a crucial role in the adipogenesis of bovine intramuscular adipocytes by modulating the expression of PAI1. SERPINE1AS2 also regulated adipogenesis by engaging in the MAPK, Wnt, and mTOR signaling pathways. Our results suggested that SERPINE1AS2 had a complex regulatory mechanism on adipogenesis in intramuscular adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianqi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xinhao Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Huaxuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Juze Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Nakajima Y, Obata S, Takaya K, Sakai S, Suzuki Y, Okabe K, Aramaki-Hattori N, Mori R, Kadoya Y, Kishi K. Tunneling nanotube-driven complete regeneration of murine fetal skin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17215. [PMID: 39060558 PMCID: PMC11282213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the three-dimensional (3D) cellular interactions and tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) during fetal mouse skin regeneration on embryonic days 13 (E13) and 15 (E15). We aimed to understand spatial relationships among cell types involved in skin regeneration and assess the potential role of TNTs. Full-thickness skin incisions were performed in E13 and E15 embryos. Wound sites were collected, embedded in epoxy resin, processed for 3D reconstruction (1 μm thickness sections), and subjected to whole-mount immunostaining. We conducted in vitro co-culture experiments with fetal macrophages and fibroblasts to observe TNT formation. To assess the effect of TNTs on skin regeneration, an inhibiting agent (cytochalasin B) was administered to amniotic fluid. Results revealed that E13 epidermal keratinocytes interacted with dermal fibroblasts and macrophages, facilitating skin regrowth. TNT structures were observed at the E13-cell wound sites, among macrophages, and between macrophages and fibroblasts, confirmed through in vitro co-culture experiments. In vitro and utero cytochalasin B administration hindered those formation and inefficient skin texture regeneration at E13 wound sites. This emphasizes the necessity of 3D cellular interactions between epidermal and dermal cells during skin regeneration in mouse embryos at E13. The prevalence of TNT structures indicated their involvement in achieving complete skin texture restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Nakajima
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Obata
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell, Design Research Facility, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kento Takaya
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Sakai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yushi Suzuki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okabe
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Aramaki-Hattori
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Mori
- Department of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medical Science, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kadoya
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell, Design Research Facility, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kishi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Arévalo-Martinez M, Ede J, van der Have O, Ritsvall O, Zetterberg FR, Nilsson UJ, Leffler H, Holmberg J, Albinsson S. Myocardin related transcription factor and galectin-3 drive lipid accumulation in human blood vessels. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 156:107383. [PMID: 38830455 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes and hypertension are important risk factors for vascular disease, including atherosclerosis. A driving factor in this process is lipid accumulation in smooth muscle cells of the vascular wall. The glucose- and mechano-sensitive transcriptional coactivator, myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A/MKL1) can promote lipid accumulation in cultured human smooth muscle cells and contribute to the formation of smooth muscle-derived foam cells. The purpose of this study was to determine if intact human blood vessels ex vivo can be used to evaluate lipid accumulation in the vascular wall, and if this process is dependent on MRTF and/or galectin-3/LGALS3. Galectin-3 is an early marker of smooth muscle transdifferentiation and a potential mediator for foam cell formation and atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Human mammary arteries and saphenous veins were exposed to altered cholesterol and glucose levels in an organ culture model. Accumulation of lipids, quantified by Oil Red O, was increased by cholesterol loading and elevated glucose concentrations. Pharmacological inhibition of MRTF with CCG-203971 decreased lipid accumulation, whereas adenoviral-mediated overexpression of MRTF-A had the opposite effect. Cholesterol-induced expression of galectin-3 was decreased after inhibition of MRTF. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of galectin-3 with GB1107 reduced lipid accumulation in the vascular wall after cholesterol loading. CONCLUSION Ex vivo organ culture of human arteries and veins can be used to evaluate lipid accumulation in the intact vascular wall, as well as adenoviral transduction and pharmacological inhibition. Although MRTF and galectin-3 may have beneficial, anti-inflammatory effects under certain circumstances, our results, which demonstrate a significant decrease in lipid accumulation, support further evaluation of MRTF- and galectin-3-inhibitors for therapeutic intervention against atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marycarmen Arévalo-Martinez
- Molecular Vascular Physiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jacob Ede
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oscar van der Have
- Vessel Wall Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Olivia Ritsvall
- Molecular Vascular Physiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik R Zetterberg
- Galecto Biotech AB, Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8 A, SE-413 46 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Galecto Biotech AB, Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8 A, SE-413 46 Lund, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Holmberg
- Molecular Vascular Physiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Albinsson
- Molecular Vascular Physiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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Kim K, Choi J, Iram S, Kim J. Regulation of Glutathione S-Transferase Omega 1 Mediated by Cysteine Residues Sensing the Redox Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5279. [PMID: 38791319 PMCID: PMC11121155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GstO1) catalyzes deglutathionylation and plays an important role in the protein glutathionylation cycle in cells. GstO1 contains four conserved cysteine residues (C32, C90, C191, C236) found to be mutated in patients with associated diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of cysteine mutations on the structure and function of GstO1 under different redox conditions. Wild-type GstO1 (WT) was highly sensitive to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which caused precipitation and denaturation at a physiological temperature. However, glutathione efficiently inhibited the H2O2-induced denaturation of GstO1. Cysteine mutants C32A and C236A exhibited redox-dependent stabilities and enzyme activities significantly different from those of WT. These results indicate that C32 and C236 play critical roles in GstO1 regulation by sensing redox environments and explain the pathological effect of cysteine mutations found in patients with associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sana Iram
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (K.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (K.K.); (J.C.)
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Stricher M, Vigneron P, Delbecq F, Sarde CO, Egles C. The microalga Volvox carteri as a cell supportive building block for tissue engineering. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:101013. [PMID: 38464496 PMCID: PMC10923841 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background V. carteri f. nagariensis constitutes, in its most simplified form, a cellularized spheroid built around and stabilised by a form of primitive extracellular matrix (ECM). Methods We developed a modular approach to soft tissue engineering, by compact stacking V. carteri-based building blocks. This approach is made possible by the structure and cell adhesive properties of these building blocks, which results from the composition of their algal ECM. Results A primary biocompatibility assessment demonstrated the cytocompatibility of the algal suspension, its histogenesis-promoting properties, and that it did not induce an inflammatory response in vitro. These results allowed us to consider the use of this algal suspension for soft tissue augmentation, and to initiate an in vivo biocompatibility study. V. carteri exhibited cellular fate-directing properties, causing (i) fibroblasts to take on an alkaline phosphatase+ stem-cell-like phenotype and (ii) both human adipose-derived stem cells and mouse embryonic stem cells to differentiate into preadipocytes to adipocytes. The ability of V. carteri to support histogenesis and adipogenesis was also observed in vivo by subcutaneous tissue augmentation of athymic mice, highlighting the potential of V. carteri to support or influence tissue regeneration. Conclusions We present for the first time V. carteri as an innovative and inspiring biomaterial for tissue engineering and soft tissue regeneration. Its strategies in terms of shape, structure and composition can be central in the design of a new generation of bio-inspired heterogeneous biomaterials recapitulating more appropriately the complexity of body tissues when guiding their regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Stricher
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CEDEX CS 60 319, 60 203, Compiègne, France
| | - Pascale Vigneron
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CEDEX CS 60 319, 60 203, Compiègne, France
| | - Frederic Delbecq
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CEDEX CS 60 319, 60 203, Compiègne, France
| | - Claude-Olivier Sarde
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CEDEX CS 60 319, 60 203, Compiègne, France
| | - Christophe Egles
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CEDEX CS 60 319, 60 203, Compiègne, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, PBS UMR 6270, 55 Rue Saint-Germain, 27 000, Évreux, France
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8
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Iram S, Mashaal A, Go S, Kim J. Inhibition of glutathione S-transferase omega 1-catalyzed protein deglutathionylation suppresses adipocyte differentiation. BMB Rep 2023; 56:457-462. [PMID: 37156632 PMCID: PMC10471458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GstO1) is closely associated with various human diseases, including obesity and diabetes, but its functional mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study, we found that the GstO1-specific inhibitor C1-27 effectively suppressed the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. GstO1 expression was immediately upregulated upon the induction of adipocyte differentiation, and barely altered by C1-27. However, C1-27 significantly decreased the stability of GstO1. Moreover, GstO1 catalyzed the deglutathionylation of cellular proteins during the early phase of adipocyte differentiation, and C1-27 inhibited this activity. These results demonstrate that GstO1 is involved in adipocyte differentiation by catalyzing the deglutathionylation of proteins critical for the early phase of adipocyte differentiation. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(8): 457-462].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Iram
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Areeba Mashaal
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Seulgi Go
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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Xu X, Zhang H, Li Y, Liu F, Jing Z, Ren M, Chen T, Fu Y, Wu Y, Ji P, Yang S. Chromatin remodeling and nucleoskeleton synergistically control osteogenic differentiation in different matrix stiffnesses. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100661. [PMID: 37229211 PMCID: PMC10205488 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix stiffness plays an important role in determining cell differentiation. The expression of cell differentiation-associated genes can be regulated by chromatin remodeling-mediated DNA accessibility. However, the effect of matrix stiffness on DNA accessibility and its significance for cell differentiation have not been investigated. In this study, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels with different degrees of substitution were used to simulate soft, medium, and stiff matrices, and it was found that a stiff matrix promoted osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by activating the Wnt pathway. In the soft matrix, the acetylation level of histones in cells was decreased, and chromatin condensed into a closed conformation, affecting the activation of β-catenin target genes (Axin2, c-Myc). Histone deacetylase inhibitor (TSA) was used to decondense chromatin. However, there was no significant increase in the expression of β-catenin target genes and the osteogenic protein Runx2. Further studies revealed that β-catenin was restricted to the cytoplasm due to the downregulation of lamin A/C in the soft matrix. Overexpression of lamin A/C and concomitant treatment of cells with TSA successfully activated β-catenin/Wnt signaling in cells in the soft matrix. The results of this innovative study revealed that matrix stiffness regulates cell osteogenic differentiation through multiple pathways, which involve complex interactions between transcription factors, epigenetic modifications of histones, and the nucleoskeleton. This trio is critical for the future design of bionic extracellular matrix biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - Yuzhou Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - Zheng Jing
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - Mingxing Ren
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - Yiru Fu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - Yanqiu Wu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - Ping Ji
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - Sheng Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
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10
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Halim Harrath A, Dahmash W, Alrezaki A, Mansour L, Alwasel S. Using autophagy, apoptosis, cytoskeleton, and epigenetics markers to investigate the origin of infertility in ex-fissiparous freshwater planarian individuals (nomen nudum species) with hyperplasic ovaries. J Invertebr Pathol 2023:107935. [PMID: 37209811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The origin of the sterility observed in ex-fissiparous freshwater planarians with hyperplasic ovaries has yet to be explained. To improve our understanding of this enigmatic phenomenon, immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy examination were used the assess autophagy, apoptosis, cytoskeleton, and epigenetics markers in the hyperplasic ovaries of ex-fissiparous individuals and the normal ovaries of sexual individuals. Immunofluorescence positivity for the autophagic marker microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3 (LC3) was significantly lower in the hyperplasic ovary than in the normal ovary. Compared with the normal ovary, the hyperplasic ovary exhibited significantly higher immunofluorescence positivity for the apoptotic marker caspase 3, suggesting that autophagy and apoptosis are closely associated in this pathogenicity. Furthermore, the level of global DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3) protein expression was significantly higher in the normal ovary than in the hyperplasic ovary, suggesting that DNA methylation is involved in the infertility phenomenon. The cytoskeleton marker actin also exhibited relatively higher immunofluorescence intensity in the normal ovary than in the hyperplasic ovary, consistent with previous findings on the role of cytoskeleton architecture in oocyte maturation. These results help improve our understanding of the causes of infertility in ex-fissiparous planarians with hyperplasic ovaries and provide new insights that will facilitate future studies on this mysterious pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Halim Harrath
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Waleed Dahmash
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelkarem Alrezaki
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Fu C, Chin-Young B, Park G, Guzmán-Seda M, Laudier D, Han WM. WNT7A suppresses adipogenesis of skeletal muscle mesenchymal stem cells and fatty infiltration through the alternative Wnt-Rho-YAP/TAZ signaling axis. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:999-1014. [PMID: 37001514 PMCID: PMC10147829 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fatty infiltration in muscle injuries and diseases, caused by aberrant adipogenesis of fibro-adipogenic progenitors, negatively impacts function. Intramuscular delivery of wingless-type MMTV integration site family 7a (WNT7A) offers a promising strategy to stimulate muscle regeneration, but its effects on adipogenic conversion of fibro-adipogenic progenitors remain unknown. Here, we show that WNT7A decreases adipogenesis of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) by inducing nuclear localization of Yes-associated protein (YAP) through Rho in a β-CATENIN-independent manner and by promoting nuclear retention of YAP and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in differentiating FAPs. Furthermore, intramuscular injection of WNT7A in vivo effectively suppresses fatty infiltration in mice following glycerol-induced injury. Our results collectively suggest WNT7A as a potential protein-based therapeutic for diminishing adipogenesis of FAPs and intramuscular fatty infiltration in pathological muscle injuries or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Britney Chin-Young
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - GaYoung Park
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariana Guzmán-Seda
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Damien Laudier
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Woojin M Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Liu L, Sun K, Luo Y, Wang B, Yang Y, Chen L, Zheng S, Wu T, Xiao P. Myocardin-related transcription factor A, regulated by serum response factor, contributes to diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice. Life Sci 2023; 317:121470. [PMID: 36758668 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a significant contributor to the global pandemic of heart failure. In the present study we investigated the involvement of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A), a transcriptional regulator, in this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetic cardiomyopathy was induced in mice by feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD) or streptozotocin (STZ) injection. KEY FINDINGS We report that MRTF-A was up-regulated in the hearts of mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy. MRTF-A expression was also up-regulated by treatment with palmitate in cultured cardiomyocytes in vitro. Mechanistically, serum response factor (SRF) bound to the MRTF-A gene promoter and activated MRTF-A transcription in response to pro-diabetic stimuli. Knockdown of SRF abrogated MRTF-A induction in cardiomyocytes treated with palmitate. When cardiomyocytes conditional MRTF-A knockout mice (MRTF-A CKO) and wild type (WT) mice were placed on an HFD to induce diabetic cardiomyopathy, it was found that the CKO mice and the WT mice displayed comparable metabolic parameters including body weight, blood insulin concentration, blood cholesterol concentration, and glucose tolerance. However, both systolic and diastolic cardiac function were exacerbated by MRTF-A deletion in the heart. SIGNIFICANCE These data suggest that MRTF-A up-regulation might serve as an important compensatory mechanism to safeguard the deterioration of cardiac function during diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yajun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bingshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Medical Research Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Women and Children Medical Center, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570216, China
| | - Yuyu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Medical Research Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Women and Children Medical Center, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Teng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Pingxi Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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13
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Magnetic nanowires substrate increases adipose-derived mesenchymal cells osteogenesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16698. [PMID: 36202902 PMCID: PMC9537172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanomaterials are increasingly impacting the field of biology and medicine. Their versatility in terms of shape, structure, composition, coating, and magnetic responsivity make them attractive for drug delivery, cell targeting and imaging. Adipose derived-mesenchymal cells (ASCs) are intensely scrutinized for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, differentiation into musculoskeletal lineages can be challenging. In this paper, we show that uncoated nickel nanowires (Ni NW) partially released from their alumina membrane offer a mechanically-responsive substrate with regular topography that can be used for the delivery of magneto-mechanical stimulation. We have used a tailored protocol for improving ASCs adherence to the substrate, and showed that cells retain their characteristic fibroblastic appearance, cytoskeletal fiber distribution and good viability. We report here for the first time significant increase in osteogenic but not adipogenic differentiation of ASCs on Ni NW exposed to 4 mT magnetic field compared to non-exposed. Moreover, magnetic actuation is shown to induce ASCs osteogenesis but not adipogenesis in the absence of external biochemical cues. While these findings need to be verified in vivo, the use of Ni NW substrate for inducing osteogenesis in the absence of specific differentiation factors is attractive for bone engineering. Implant coating with similar surfaces for orthopedic and dentistry could be as well envisaged as a modality to improve osteointegration.
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14
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Adipose Tissue Development Relies on Coordinated Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, Angiogenesis, and Adipogenesis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092227. [PMID: 36140327 PMCID: PMC9496222 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite developing prenatally, the adipose tissue is unique in its ability to undergo drastic growth even after reaching its mature size. This development and subsequent maintenance rely on the proper coordination between the vascular niche and the adipose compartment. In this review, the process of adipose tissue development is broken down to explain (1) the ultrastructural matrix remodeling that is undertaken during simultaneous adipogenesis and angiogenesis, (2) the paracrine crosstalk involved during adipose development, (3) the mechanical regulators involved in adipose growth, and (4) the proteolytic and paracrine oversight for matrix remodeling during adipose development. It is crucial to gain a better understanding of the complex relationships that exist between adipose tissue and the vasculature during tissue development to provide insights into the pathological tissue expansion of obesity and to develop improved soft-tissue reconstruction techniques.
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15
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Uetaki M, Onishi N, Oki Y, Shimizu T, Sugihara E, Sampetrean O, Watanabe T, Yanagi H, Suda K, Fujii H, Kano K, Saya H, Nobusue H. Regulatory roles of fibronectin and integrin α5 in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and completion of adipogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar78. [PMID: 35704469 PMCID: PMC9582638 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-12-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular differentiation is characterized by changes in cell morphology that are largely determined by actin dynamics. We previously showed that depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton triggers the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes as a result of inhibition of the transcriptional coactivator activity of megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1). The extracellular matrix (ECM) influences cell morphology via interaction with integrins, and reorganization of the ECM is associated with cell differentiation. Here we show that interaction between actin dynamics and ECM rearrangement plays a key role in adipocyte differentiation. We found that depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton precedes disruption and degradation of fibrillar fibronectin (FN) structures at the cell surface after the induction of adipogenesis in cultured preadipocytes. A FN matrix suppressed both reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton into the pattern characteristic of adipocytes and terminal adipocyte differentiation, and these inhibitory effects were overcome by knockdown of integrin α5 (ITGα5). Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ was required for down-regulation of FN during adipocyte differentiation, and MKL1 was necessary for the expression of ITGα5. Our findings suggest that cell-autonomous down-regulation of FN-ITGα5 interaction contributes to reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and completion of adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Uetaki
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Onishi
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oki
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Takatsune Shimizu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugihara
- Open Facility Center, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.,Division of Gene Regulation, Cancer Center, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Oltea Sampetrean
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Division of Gene Regulation, Cancer Center, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hisano Yanagi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Suda
- JSR-Keio University Medical and Chemical Innovation Center (JKiC), JSR Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroya Fujii
- Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kano
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gene Regulation, Cancer Center, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nobusue
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gene Regulation, Cancer Center, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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16
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Lecoutre S, Lambert M, Drygalski K, Dugail I, Maqdasy S, Hautefeuille M, Clément K. Importance of the Microenvironment and Mechanosensing in Adipose Tissue Biology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152310. [PMID: 35954152 PMCID: PMC9367348 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of adipose tissue is an adaptive mechanism that increases nutrient buffering capacity in response to an overall positive energy balance. Over the course of expansion, the adipose microenvironment undergoes continual remodeling to maintain its structural and functional integrity. However, in the long run, adipose tissue remodeling, typically characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, immune cells infiltration, fibrosis and changes in vascular architecture, generates mechanical stress on adipose cells. This mechanical stimulus is then transduced into a biochemical signal that alters adipose function through mechanotransduction. In this review, we describe the physical changes occurring during adipose tissue remodeling, and how they regulate adipose cell physiology and promote obesity-associated dysfunction in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lecoutre
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Group (Nutri-Omics), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, F-75013 Paris, France; (S.L.); (K.D.); (I.D.)
| | - Mélanie Lambert
- Labex Inflamex, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, F-93000 Bobigny, France;
| | - Krzysztof Drygalski
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Group (Nutri-Omics), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, F-75013 Paris, France; (S.L.); (K.D.); (I.D.)
| | - Isabelle Dugail
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Group (Nutri-Omics), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, F-75013 Paris, France; (S.L.); (K.D.); (I.D.)
| | - Salwan Maqdasy
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet Hospital, C2-94, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Mathieu Hautefeuille
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (UMR 7622), IBPS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France;
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Group (Nutri-Omics), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, F-75013 Paris, France; (S.L.); (K.D.); (I.D.)
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Department, CRNH Ile-de-France, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: or
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17
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Abuhattum S, Kotzbeck P, Schlüßler R, Harger A, Ariza de Schellenberger A, Kim K, Escolano JC, Müller T, Braun J, Wabitsch M, Tschöp M, Sack I, Brankatschk M, Guck J, Stemmer K, Taubenberger AV. Adipose cells and tissues soften with lipid accumulation while in diabetes adipose tissue stiffens. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10325. [PMID: 35725987 PMCID: PMC9209483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue expansion involves both differentiation of new precursors and size increase of mature adipocytes. While the two processes are well balanced in healthy tissues, obesity and diabetes type II are associated with abnormally enlarged adipocytes and excess lipid accumulation. Previous studies suggested a link between cell stiffness, volume and stem cell differentiation, although in the context of preadipocytes, there have been contradictory results regarding stiffness changes with differentiation. Thus, we set out to quantitatively monitor adipocyte shape and size changes with differentiation and lipid accumulation. We quantified by optical diffraction tomography that differentiating preadipocytes increased their volumes drastically. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-indentation and -microrheology revealed that during the early phase of differentiation, human preadipocytes became more compliant and more fluid-like, concomitant with ROCK-mediated F-actin remodelling. Adipocytes that had accumulated large lipid droplets were more compliant, and further promoting lipid accumulation led to an even more compliant phenotype. In line with that, high fat diet-induced obesity was associated with more compliant adipose tissue compared to lean animals, both for drosophila fat bodies and murine gonadal adipose tissue. In contrast, adipose tissue of diabetic mice became significantly stiffer as shown not only by AFM but also magnetic resonance elastography. Altogether, we dissect relative contributions of the cytoskeleton and lipid droplets to cell and tissue mechanical changes across different functional states, such as differentiation, nutritional state and disease. Our work therefore sets the basis for future explorations on how tissue mechanical changes influence the behaviour of mechanosensitive tissue-resident cells in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shada Abuhattum
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum Für Physik Und Medizin, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Petra Kotzbeck
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum Für Gesundheit Und Umwelt GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Raimund Schlüßler
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexandra Harger
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum Für Gesundheit Und Umwelt GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angela Ariza de Schellenberger
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum Für Physik Und Medizin, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joan-Carles Escolano
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum Für Physik Und Medizin, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Torsten Müller
- JPK Instruments/Bruker, Colditzstr. 34-36, 12099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Braun
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Eythstr. 24, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum Für Gesundheit Und Umwelt GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marko Brankatschk
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum Für Physik Und Medizin, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Stemmer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum Für Gesundheit Und Umwelt GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Anna V Taubenberger
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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18
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Potolitsyna E, Hazell Pickering S, Germier T, Collas P, Briand N. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR regulates cytoskeleton remodeling and lipid storage capacity during adipogenesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10157. [PMID: 35710716 PMCID: PMC9203762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA HOTAIR is the most differentially expressed gene between upper- and lower-body adipose tissue, yet its functional significance in adipogenesis is unclear. We report that HOTAIR expression is transiently induced during early adipogenic differentiation of gluteofemoral adipose progenitors and repressed in mature adipocytes. Upon adipogenic commitment, HOTAIR regulates protein synthesis pathways and cytoskeleton remodeling with a later impact on mature adipocyte lipid storage capacity. Our results support novel and important functions of HOTAIR in the physiological context of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdokiia Potolitsyna
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1112, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah Hazell Pickering
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1112, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Germier
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1112, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Philippe Collas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1112, 0317, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Nolwenn Briand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1112, 0317, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
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Aloisio FM, Barber DL. Arp2/3 complex activity is necessary for mouse ESC differentiation, times formative pluripotency, and enables lineage specification. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1318-1333. [PMID: 35658973 PMCID: PMC9214060 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), a model for differentiation into primed epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs), have revealed transcriptional and epigenetic control of early embryonic development. The control and significance of morphological changes, however, remain less defined. We show marked changes in morphology and actin architectures during differentiation that depend on Arp2/3 complex but not formin activity. Inhibiting Arp2/3 complex activity pharmacologically or genetically does not block exit from naive pluripotency, but attenuates increases in EpiLC markers. We find that inhibiting Arp2/3 complex activity delays formative pluripotency and causes globally defective lineage specification as indicated by RNA sequencing, with significant effects on TBX3-depedendent transcriptional programs. We also identify two previously unreported indicators of mESC differentiation, namely, MRTF and FHL2, which have inverse Arp2/3 complex-dependent nuclear translocation. Our findings on Arp2/3 complex activity in differentiation and the established role of formins in EMT indicate that these two actin nucleators regulate distinct modes of epithelial plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Aloisio
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, Box 0512, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Diane L Barber
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, Box 0512, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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20
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Qu R, He K, Yang Y, Fan T, Sun B, Khan AU, Huang W, Ouyang J, Pan X, Dai J. The role of serum amyloid A1 in the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells basing on single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:187. [PMID: 35525990 PMCID: PMC9080218 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are obtained from a variety of sources in vivo where they present in large quantities. These cells are suitable for use in autologous transplantation and the construction of tissue-engineered adipose tissue. Studies have shown that ASCs differentiation is in a high degree of heterogeneity, yet the molecular basis including key regulators of differentiation remains to clarify. Methods We performed single-cell RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis on both undifferentiated (ASC-GM group) and adipogenically differentiated human ASCs (ASC-AD group, ASCs were cultured in adipogenic inducing medium for 1 week). And then, we verified the results of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) with western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, oil red O staining. After these experiments, we down-regulated the expression of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) gene to verify the adipogenic differentiation ability of ASCs.
Results In single-cell RNA sequence analyzing, we obtained 4415 cells in the ASC-GM group and 4634 cells in the ASC-AD group. The integrated sample cells could be divided into 11 subgroups (0–10 cluster). The cells in cluster 0, 2, 5 were came from ASC-GM group and the cells in cluster 1, 3, 7 came from ASC-AD group. The cells of cluster 4 and 6 came from both ASC-GM and ASC-AD groups. Fatty acid binding protein 4, fatty acid binding protein 5, complement factor D, fatty acid desaturase 1, and insulin like growth factor binding protein 5 were high expressed in category 1 and 7. Regulation of inflammatory response is the rank 1 biological processes. And cellular responses to external stimuli, negative regulation of defense response and acute inflammatory response are included in top 20 biological processes. Based on the MCODE results, we found that SAA1, C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5), and Annexin A1 (ANXA1) significantly highly expressed during adipogenic differentiation. Western blot and immunofluorescent staining results showed that SAA1 increased during adipogenesis. And the area of ORO positive staining in siSAA1 cells was significantly lower than in the siControl (negative control) cells. Conclusions Our results also indicated that our adipogenic induction was successful, and there was great heterogeneity in the adipogenic differentiation of ASCs. SAA1 with the regulation of inflammatory response were involved in adipogenesis of ASCs based on single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. The data obtained will help to elucidate the intrinsic mechanism of heterogeneity in the differentiation process of stem cells, thus, guiding the regulation of self-renewal and differentiation of adult stem cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02873-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmei Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application and National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Education of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Single Cell Technology and Application, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application and National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Education of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingyu Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application and National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Education of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application and National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Education of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Asmat Ullah Khan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application and National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Education of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application and National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Education of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application and National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Education of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Single Cell Technology and Application, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jingxing Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application and National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Education of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Daoud F, Arévalo Martinez M, Holmberg J, Alajbegovic A, Ali N, Rippe C, Swärd K, Albinsson S. YAP and TAZ in Vascular Smooth Muscle Confer Protection Against Hypertensive Vasculopathy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:428-443. [PMID: 35196875 PMCID: PMC8939708 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension remains a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We hypothesize that appropriate mechanotransduction and contractile function in vascular smooth muscle cells are crucial to maintain vascular wall integrity. The Hippo pathway effectors YAP (yes-associated protein 1) and TAZ (WW domain containing transcription regulator 1) have been identified as mechanosensitive transcriptional coactivators. However, their role in vascular smooth muscle cell mechanotransduction has not been investigated in vivo. METHODS We performed physiological and molecular analyses utilizing an inducible smooth muscle-specific YAP/TAZ knockout mouse model. RESULTS Arteries lacking YAP/TAZ have reduced agonist-mediated contraction, decreased myogenic response, and attenuated stretch-induced transcriptional regulation of smooth muscle markers. Moreover, in established hypertension, YAP/TAZ knockout results in severe vascular lesions in small mesenteric arteries characterized by neointimal hyperplasia, elastin degradation, and adventitial thickening. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a protective role of YAP/TAZ against hypertensive vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Daoud
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (F.D., M.A.M., J.H., A.A., C.R., K.S., S.A.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Marycarmen Arévalo Martinez
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (F.D., M.A.M., J.H., A.A., C.R., K.S., S.A.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Johan Holmberg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (F.D., M.A.M., J.H., A.A., C.R., K.S., S.A.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Azra Alajbegovic
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (F.D., M.A.M., J.H., A.A., C.R., K.S., S.A.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Neserin Ali
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit (N.A.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Catarina Rippe
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (F.D., M.A.M., J.H., A.A., C.R., K.S., S.A.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (F.D., M.A.M., J.H., A.A., C.R., K.S., S.A.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Albinsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (F.D., M.A.M., J.H., A.A., C.R., K.S., S.A.), Lund University, Sweden
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22
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Shi J, Wei L. Rho Kinases in Embryonic Development and Stem Cell Research. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2022; 70:4. [PMID: 35043239 PMCID: PMC8766376 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-022-00642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCKs or Rho kinases) belong to the AGC (PKA/PKG/PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases and are major downstream effectors of small GTPase RhoA, a key regulator of actin-cytoskeleton reorganization. The ROCK family contains two members, ROCK1 and ROCK2, which share 65% overall identity and 92% identity in kinase domain. ROCK1 and ROCK2 were assumed to be functionally redundant, based largely on their major common activators, their high degree kinase domain homology, and study results from overexpression with kinase constructs or chemical inhibitors. ROCK signaling research has expanded to all areas of biology and medicine since its discovery in 1996. The rapid advance is befitting ROCK’s versatile functions in modulating various cell behavior, such as contraction, adhesion, migration, proliferation, polarity, cytokinesis, and differentiation. The rapid advance is noticeably driven by an extensive linking with clinical medicine, including cardiovascular abnormalities, aberrant immune responsive, and cancer development and metastasis. The rapid advance during the past decade is further powered by novel biotechnologies including CRISPR-Cas and single cell omics. Current consensus, derived mainly from gene targeting and RNA interference approaches, is that the two ROCK isoforms have overlapping and distinct cellular, physiological and pathophysiology roles. In this review, we present an overview of the milestone discoveries in ROCK research. We then focus on the current understanding of ROCK signaling in embryonic development, current research status using knockout and knockin mouse models, and stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Shi
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4-370, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
| | - Lei Wei
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4-370, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
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23
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Wei L, Shi J. Insight Into Rho Kinase Isoforms in Obesity and Energy Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:886534. [PMID: 35769086 PMCID: PMC9234286 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated complications increasingly jeopardize global health and contribute to the rapidly rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity-related diseases. Developing novel methods for the prevention and treatment of excess body adipose tissue expansion can make a significant contribution to public health. Rho kinase is a Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (Rho kinase or ROCK). The ROCK family including ROCK1 and ROCK2 has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Up-regulated ROCK activity has been involved in the pathogenesis of all aspects of metabolic syndrome including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The RhoA/ROCK-mediated actin cytoskeleton dynamics have been implicated in both white and beige adipogenesis. Studies using ROCK pan-inhibitors in animal models of obesity, diabetes, and associated complications have demonstrated beneficial outcomes. Studies via genetically modified animal models further established isoform-specific roles of ROCK in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders including obesity. However, most reported studies have been focused on ROCK1 activity during the past decade. Due to the progress in developing ROCK2-selective inhibitors in recent years, a growing body of evidence indicates more attention should be devoted towards understanding ROCK2 isoform function in metabolism. Hence, studying individual ROCK isoforms to reveal their specific roles and principal mechanisms in white and beige adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, energy balancing regulation, and obesity development will facilitate significant breakthroughs for systemic treatment with isoform-selective inhibitors. In this review, we give an overview of ROCK functions in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance with a particular focus on the current understanding of ROCK isoform signaling in white and beige adipogenesis, obesity and thermogenesis in adipose tissue and other major metabolic organs involved in energy homeostasis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- *Correspondence: Lei Wei, ; Jianjian Shi,
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24
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Lamin A/C-Dependent Translocation of Megakaryoblastic Leukemia-1 and β-Catenin in Cyclic Strain-Induced Osteogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123518. [PMID: 34944031 PMCID: PMC8700688 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamins are intermediate filaments that play a crucial role in sensing mechanical strain in the nucleus of cells. β-catenin and megakaryoblastic leukemia-1 (MKL1) are critical signaling molecules that need to be translocated to the nucleus for their transcription in response to mechanical strain that induces osteogenesis. However, the exact molecular mechanism behind the translocation of these molecules has not been fully investigated. This study used 10% cyclic strain to induce osteogenesis in the murine osteoblast precursor cell line (MC3T3). The translocation of β-catenin and MKL1 was studied by performing knockdown and overexpression of lamin A/C (LMNA). Cyclic strain increased the expression of osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and enhanced ALP staining after seven days of incubation. Resultantly, MKL1 and β-catenin were translocated in the nucleus from the cytoplasm during the stress-induced osteogenic process. Knockdown of LMNA decreased the accumulation of MKL1 and β-catenin in the nucleus, whereas overexpression of LMNA increased the translocation of these molecules. In conclusion, our study indicates that both MKL1 and β-catenin molecules are dependent on the expression of LMNA during strain-induced osteogenesis.
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Choi G, Tang Z, Guan W. Microfluidic high-throughput single-cell mechanotyping: Devices and
applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/10.0006042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gihoon Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
| | - Zifan Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
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Hypoxia induces stress fiber formation in adipocytes in the early stage of obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21473. [PMID: 34728615 PMCID: PMC8563745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In obese adipose tissue (AT), hypertrophic expansion of adipocytes is not matched by new vessel formation, leading to AT hypoxia. As a result, hypoxia inducible factor-1⍺ (HIF-1⍺) accumulates in adipocytes inducing a transcriptional program that upregulates profibrotic genes and biosynthetic enzymes such as lysyl oxidase (LOX) synthesis. This excess synthesis and crosslinking of extracellular matrix (ECM) components cause AT fibrosis. Although fibrosis is a hallmark of obese AT, the role of fibroblasts, cells known to regulate fibrosis in other fibrosis-prone tissues, is not well studied. Here we have developed an in vitro model of AT to study adipocyte-fibroblast crosstalk in a hypoxic environment. Further, this in vitro model was used to investigate the effect of hypoxia on adipocyte mechanical properties via ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated coiled-coil kinases (ROCK) signaling pathways. We confirmed that hypoxia creates a diseased phenotype by inhibiting adipocyte maturation and inducing actin stress fiber formation facilitated by myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A/MKL1) nuclear translocation. This work presents new potential therapeutic targets for obesity by improving adipocyte maturation and limiting mechanical stress in obese AT.
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Ahmed M, Lai TH, Kim DR. A Small Fraction of Progenitors Differentiate Into Mature Adipocytes by Escaping the Constraints on the Cell Structure. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:753042. [PMID: 34708046 PMCID: PMC8542793 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.753042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiating 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes are a mixture of non-identical culture cells. It is vital to identify the cell types that respond to the induction stimulus to understand the pre-adipocyte potential and the mature adipocyte behavior. To test this hypothesis, we deconvoluted the gene expression profiles of the cell culture of MDI-induced 3T3-L1 cells. Then we estimated the fractions of the sub-populations and their changes in time. We characterized the sub-populations based on their specific expression profiles. Initial cell cultures comprised three distinct phenotypes. A small fraction of the starting cells responded to the induction and developed into mature adipocytes. Unresponsive cells were probably under structural constraints or were committed to differentiating into alternative phenotypes. Using the same population gene markers, similar proportions were found in induced human primary adipocyte cell cultures. The three sub-populations had diverse responses to treatment with various drugs and compounds. Only the response of the maturating sub-population resembled that estimated from the profiles of the mixture. We then showed that even at a low division rate, a small fraction of cells could increase its share in a dynamic two-populations model. Finally, we used a cell cycle expression index to validate that model. To sum, pre-adipocytes are a mixture of different cells of which a limited fraction become mature adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Trang Huyen Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
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Chin IL, Hool L, Choi YS. Interrogating cardiac muscle cell mechanobiology on stiffness gradient hydrogels. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6795-6806. [PMID: 34542112 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is a major facet of cardiac development and disease, yet our understanding of cardiomyocyte mechanotransduction remains limited. To enhance our understanding of cardiomyocyte mechanosensation, we studied stiffness-driven changes to cell morphology and mechanomarker expression in H9C2 cells and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). Linear stiffness gradient polyacrylamide hydrogels (2-33 kPa) coated with ECM proteins including Collagen I (Col), Fibronectin (Fn) or Laminin (Ln) were used to represent necrotic, healthy, and infarcted cardiac tissue on a continuous stiffness gradient. Cell size, cell shape and nuclear size were found to be mechanosensitive in H9C2 cells, as was the expression or nuclear translocalization of the mechanomarkers Lamin-A, YAP, and MRTF-A. Minor differences were observed between the different ECM coatings, with the same overarching stiffness-dependent trends being observed across Col, Fn and Ln coated hydrogels. Inhibition of mechanotransduction in H9C2 cells using blebbistatin or Y27632 resulted in disruptions to cell shape, nuclear shape, and nuclear size, however, trends in cell size and mechanomarker expression were not significantly attenuated. Mechanosensation in NRCMs was much less marked, with no significant changes in cell morphology being detected, although YAP did become increasingly nuclear localized with increasing stiffness. In α-actinin positive cells, striations formed with regular structure and frequency at all stiffnesses for Col and Fn coated hydrogels, but not Ln coated gels. In this study, we used our stiffness gradient hydrogels to comprehensively map the relationship between ECM stiffness and cardiac cell phenotype and found that less mature H9C2 cardiac cells are more sensitive to ECM changes than the more developed neonatal cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian L Chin
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Livia Hool
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. .,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Shao J, Pan T, Wang J, Tang T, Li Y, Jia X, Lai S. Integrated Proteomics and Metabolomics Analysis of Perirenal Adipose Tissue in Obese Rabbits Treated with a Restricted Diet. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:321. [PMID: 33921318 PMCID: PMC8069198 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many people have shown an excess of fat accumulation. Known as obesity, this lesion poses an increased risk for multiple diseases, such as endocrine disease, diabetes, and cancer, and has reached epidemic proportions. Accompanied by the development of obesity, concern over body image and weight loss behavior is a growing social problem and public health threat, causing concern for many health professionals. However, the consequences of rapid weight loss remain largely unclear. Here, we applied an integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis to investigate the effects of dieting on the proteins and metabolites in obese rabbits. Our study revealed that 343 differentially expressed proteins (136 upregulated and 207 downregulated) and 150 differentially expressed metabolites (91 upregulated and 59 downregulated) were identified. These molecules are mainly involved in the biological processes, including amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and membrane and cytoskeleton reconstruction. The integrated analysis found that mevalonic acid, arachidonic acid, 15(S)-HpETE, cholecalciferol, hydrocortisone, lipoxin B4, lithocholic acid, etc. were associated with multiple pathways, and they may be the key factors to fight inflammation induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Overall, this study provides further insight into the consequences of dieting-mediated weight loss and may contribute to the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.S.); (J.W.); (T.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Ting Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.S.); (J.W.); (T.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Tao Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.S.); (J.W.); (T.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Yanhong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.S.); (J.W.); (T.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Xianbo Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.S.); (J.W.); (T.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Songjia Lai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.S.); (J.W.); (T.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
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Aguilar-Ordoñez I, Pérez-Villatoro F, García-Ortiz H, Barajas-Olmos F, Ballesteros-Villascán J, González-Buenfil R, Fresno C, Garcíarrubio A, Fernández-López JC, Tovar H, Hernández-Lemus E, Orozco L, Soberón X, Morett E. Whole genome variation in 27 Mexican indigenous populations, demographic and biomedical insights. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249773. [PMID: 33831079 PMCID: PMC8031408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been limited study of Native American whole genome diversity to date, which impairs effective implementation of personalized medicine and a detailed description of its demographic history. Here we report high coverage whole genome sequencing of 76 unrelated individuals, from 27 indigenous groups across Mexico, with more than 97% average Native American ancestry. On average, each individual has 3.26 million Single Nucleotide Variants and short indels, that together comprise a catalog of 9,737,152 variants, 44,118 of which are novel. We report 497 common Single Nucleotide Variants (with allele frequency > 5%) mapped to drug responses and 316,577 in enhancer or promoter elements; interestingly we found some of these enhancer variants in PPARG, a nuclear receptor involved in highly prevalent health problems in Mexican population, such as obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. By detecting signals of positive selection we report 24 enriched key pathways under selection, most of them related to immune mechanisms. No missense variants in ACE2, the receptor responsible for the entry of the SARS CoV-2 virus, were found in any individual. Population genomics and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated stratification in a Northern-Central-Southern axis, with major substructure in the Central region. The Seri, a northern group with the most genetic divergence in our study, showed a distinctive genomic context with the most novel variants, and the most population specific genotypes. Genome-wide analysis showed that the average haplotype blocks are longer in Native Mexicans than in other world populations. With this dataset we describe previously undetected population level variation in Native Mexicans, helping to reduce the gap in genomic data representation of such groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Aguilar-Ordoñez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | - Fernando Pérez-Villatoro
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
- Winter Genomics, Mexico City, México
| | | | | | | | - Ram González-Buenfil
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla de Zaragoza, Puebla, México
| | - Cristobal Fresno
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | - Alejandro Garcíarrubio
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | - Hugo Tovar
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | | | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | - Xavier Soberón
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | - Enrique Morett
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- * E-mail:
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Liu L, Zhao Q, Kong M, Mao L, Yang Y, Xu Y. Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) regulates integrin beta 2 transcription to promote macrophage infiltration and cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:844-858. [PMID: 33752236 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Macrophage-mediated inflammatory response represents a key pathophysiological process in a host of cardiovascular diseases including heart failure. Regardless of etiology, heart failure is invariably preceded by cardiac hypertrophy. In the present study we investigated the effect of macrophage-specific deletion of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) on cardiac hypertrophy and the underlying mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS We report that when subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC), macrophage MRTF-A conditional knockout (CKO) mice developed a less severe phenotype of cardiac hypertrophy compared to wild type (WT) littermates and were partially protected from the loss of heart function. In addition, there was less extensive cardiac fibrosis in the CKO mice than WT mice following the TAC procedure. Further analysis revealed that cardiac inflammation, as assessed by levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, was dampened in CKO mice paralleling reduced infiltration of macrophages in the heart. Mechanistically, MRTF-A deficiency attenuated the expression of integrin beta 2 (ITGB2/CD18) in macrophage thereby disrupting adhesion of macrophages to vascular endothelial cells. MRTF-A was recruited by Sp1 to the ITGB2 promoter and cooperated with Sp1 to activate ITGB2 transcription in macrophages. Administration of a CD18 blocking antibody attenuated TAC induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Interaction between MRTF-A and the histone demethylase KDM3A likely contributed to IGTB2 transcription and consequently adhesion of macrophages to endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that MRTF-A may regulate macrophage trafficking and contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy by activating ITGB2 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Audano M, Pedretti S, Ligorio S, Gualdrini F, Polletti S, Russo M, Ghisletti S, Bean C, Crestani M, Caruso D, De Fabiani E, Mitro N. Zc3h10 regulates adipogenesis by controlling translation and F-actin/mitochondria interaction. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202003173. [PMID: 33566069 PMCID: PMC7879490 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202003173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The commitment of mesenchymal stem cells to preadipocytes is stimulated by hormonal induction. Preadipocytes induced to differentiate repress protein synthesis, remodel their cytoskeleton, and increase mitochondrial function to support anabolic pathways. These changes enable differentiation into mature adipocytes. Our understanding of the factors that coordinately regulate the early events of adipocyte differentiation remains incomplete. Here, by using multipronged approaches, we have identified zinc finger CCCH-type containing 10 (Zc3h10) as a critical regulator of the early stages of adipogenesis. Zc3h10 depletion in preadipocytes resulted in increased protein translation and impaired filamentous (F)-actin remodeling, with the latter detrimental effect leading to mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction. These defects negatively affected differentiation to mature adipocytes. In contrast, Zc3h10 overexpression yielded mature adipocytes with remarkably increased lipid droplet size. Overall, our study establishes Zc3h10 as a fundamental proadipogenic transcription factor that represses protein synthesis and promotes F-actin/mitochondria dynamics to ensure proper energy metabolism and favor lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Audano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pedretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Ligorio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Gualdrini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas University (Hunimed), Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Polletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Russo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Ghisletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Bean
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Maurizio Crestani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma De Fabiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Deciphering the Role of Wnt and Rho Signaling Pathway in iPSC-Derived ARVC Cardiomyocytes by In Silico Mathematical Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042004. [PMID: 33670616 PMCID: PMC7923182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited cardiac muscle disease linked to genetic deficiency in components of the desmosomes. The disease is characterized by progressive fibro-fatty replacement of the right ventricle, which acts as a substrate for arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The molecular mechanisms underpinning ARVC are largely unknown. Here we propose a mathematical model for investigating the molecular dynamics underlying heart remodeling and the loss of cardiac myocytes identity during ARVC. Our methodology is based on three computational models: firstly, in the context of the Wnt pathway, we examined two different competition mechanisms between β-catenin and Plakoglobin (PG) and their role in the expression of adipogenic program. Secondly, we investigated the role of RhoA-ROCK pathway in ARVC pathogenesis, and thirdly we analyzed the interplay between Wnt and RhoA-ROCK pathways in the context of the ARVC phenotype. We conclude with the following remark: both Wnt/β-catenin and RhoA-ROCK pathways must be inactive for a significant increase of PPARγ expression, suggesting that a crosstalk mechanism might be responsible for mediating ARVC pathogenesis.
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LINC complex regulation of genome organization and function. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 67:130-141. [PMID: 33524904 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of genomic function is in part mediated through the physical organization and architecture of the nucleus. Disruption to nuclear organization and architecture is increasingly being recognized by its contribution to many diseases. The LINC complexes - protein structures traversing the nuclear envelope, that physically connect the nuclear interior, and hence the genome, to cytoplasmic cytoskeletal networks are an important component in the physical organization of the genome and its function. This connection, potentially allows for the constant detection of environmental mechanical stimuli, resulting in altered regulation of nuclear architecture and genome function, either directly or via the process of mechanotransduction. Here, we review the influences LINC complexes exert on genome functions and their impact on cellular/organismal health.
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Epigenetic suppression of SLFN11 in germinal center B-cells during B-cell development. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0237554. [PMID: 33513156 PMCID: PMC7846023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SLFN11 has recently been reported to execute cancer cells harboring replicative stress induced by DNA damaging agents. However, the roles of SLFN11 under physiological conditions remain poorly understood. Germinal center B-cells (GCBs) undergo somatic hypermutations and class-switch recombination, which can cause physiological genotoxic stress. Hence, we tested whether SLFN11 expression needs to be suppressed in GCBs during B-cell development. Objective To clarify the expression profile of SLFN11 in different developmental stages of B-cells and B-cell-derived cancers. Methods We analyzed the expression of SLFN11 by mining cell line databases for different stages of normal B-cells and various types of B-cell-derived cancer cell lines. We performed dual immunohistochemical staining for SLFN11 and B-cell specific markers in normal human lymphatic tissues. We tested the effects of two epigenetic modifiers, an EZH2 inhibitor, tazemetostat (EPZ6438) and a histone deacetylase inhibitor, panobinostat (LBH589) on SLFN11 expression in GCB-derived lymphoma cell lines. We also examined the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs in combination with cytosine arabinoside and the effects of SLFN11 on the efficacy of cytosine arabinoside in SLFN11-overexpressing cells. Results SLFN11 mRNA level was found low in both normal GCBs and GCB-DLBCL (GCB like-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma). Immunohistochemical staining showed low SLFN11 expression in GCBs and high SLFN11 expression in plasmablasts and plasmacytes. The EZH2 and HDAC epigenetic modifiers upregulated SLFN11 expression in GCB-derived lymphoma cells and made them more susceptible to cytosine arabinoside. SLFN11 overexpression further sensitized GCB-derived lymphoma cells to cytosine arabinoside. Conclusions The expression of SLFN11 is epigenetically suppressed in normal GCBs and GCB-derived lymphomas. GCB-derived lymphomas with low SLFN11 expression can be treated by the combination of epigenetic modifiers and cytosine arabinoside.
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Type III Collagen is Required for Adipogenesis and Actin Stress Fibre Formation in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020156. [PMID: 33504048 PMCID: PMC7911635 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR56 is required for the adipogenesis of preadipocytes, and the role of one of its ligands, type III collagen (ColIII), was investigated here. ColIII expression was examined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting and immunostaining, and its function investigated by knockdown and genome editing in 3T3-L1 cells. Adipogenesis was assessed by oil red O staining of neutral cell lipids and production of established marker and regulator proteins. siRNA-mediated knockdown significantly reduced Col3a1 transcripts, ColIII protein and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 differentiating cells. Col3a1−/− 3T3-L1 genome-edited cell lines abolished adipogenesis, demonstrated by a dramatic reduction in adipogenic moderators: Pparγ2 (88%) and C/ebpα (96%) as well as markers aP2 (93%) and oil red O staining (80%). Col3a1−/− 3T3-L1 cells displayed reduced cell adhesion, sustained active β-catenin and deregulation of fibronectin (Fn) and collagen (Col4a1, Col6a1) extracellular matrix gene transcripts. Col3a1−/− 3T3-L1 cells also had dramatically reduced actin stress fibres. We conclude that ColIII is required for 3T3-L1 preadipocyte adipogenesis as well as the formation of actin stress fibres. The phenotype of Col3a1−/− 3T3-L1 cells is very similar to that of Gpr56−/− 3T3-L1 cells, suggesting a functional relationship between ColIII and Gpr56 in preadipocytes.
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Nishida T, Nagao Y, Hashitani S, Yamanaka N, Takigawa M, Kubota S. Suppression of adipocyte differentiation by low-intensity pulsed ultrasound via inhibition of insulin signaling and promotion of CCN family protein 2. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:4724-4740. [PMID: 32065439 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation is regulated by several transcription factors such as the CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). Here, we demonstrate that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) suppressed differentiation into mature adipocytes via multiple signaling pathways. When C3H10T1/2, a mesenchymal stem cell line, was treated with LIPUS (3.0 MHz, 60 mW/cm2 ) for 20 minutes once a day for 4 days during adipogenesis, and both the number of lipid droplets and the gene expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα were significantly decreased. Furthermore, LIPUS treatment decreased the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and also that of Akt and ERK1/2, which are located downstream of this receptor. Next, we showed that LIPUS suppressed the gene expression of angiotensinogen (AGT), which is an adipokine produced by mature adipocytes, as well as that of angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) and angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1 R) during adipogenesis of pre-adipogenic 3T3-L1 cells. Next, the translocation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) into the nucleus of 3T3-L1 cells was promoted by LIPUS, leading to upregulation of CCN family protein 2 (CCN2), a cellular communication network factor. Moreover, forced expression of CCN2 in 3T3-L1 cells decreased PPARγ gene expression, but it did not increase alkaline phosphatase and osterix gene expression. Finally, gene silencing of CCN2 in C3H10T1/2 cells diminished the effect of LIPUS on the gene expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα. These findings suggest that LIPUS suppressed adipogenesis through inhibition of insulin signaling and decreased PPARγ expression via increased CCN2 production, resulting in a possible decrease of mature adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yurika Nagao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoko Hashitani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Masaharu Takigawa
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kubota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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A hypothesis for insulin resistance in primary human adipocytes involving MRTF-A and suppression of PPARγ. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:64-69. [PMID: 32921413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the main risk factor behind insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Still, the mechanism behind adipocyte dysfunction is not yet resolved. Recently, we reported that rapid actin remodeling correlates with adipose cell size changes after short-term overfeeding. Therefore, we hypothesized that the actin-driven myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF-A) contributes to impaired mature adipocyte function. Primary human adipocytes were subjected to adenoviral overexpression of MRTF-A or MRTF-B, followed by Western blot analysis and tracer glucose uptake assay. Further, we assessed cell size distribution, insulin response, MRTF-A localization, actin organization and degree of polymerization in adipocytes isolated from Ob/Ob mice. Overexpression of MRTF-A, but not MRTF-B, markedly suppressed PPARγ expression. Further, MRTF-A expression resulted in decreased IRS-1 level, shifted phosphorylation of Akt (pS473/pT308), IRS-1 (pS302) and AS160 (pT642), and lowered insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Hypertrophic adipocytes from Ob/Ob mice displayed an increased proportion of polymerized actin, and increased nuclear translocation of MRTF-A compared with control (Ob/+). Similar with human adipocytes overexpressing MRTF-A, adipocytes isolated from Ob/Ob mice had reduced expression of IRS-1 and PPARγ, as well as impaired insulin response. Together, these data demonstrate that MRTF-A negatively influences insulin sensitivity and the expression of key targets in fully mature human adipocytes. This suggests that MRTF-A is poised to exert a transcriptional response in hypertrophic adipocytes, contributing to adipocyte dysfunction and insulin resistance.
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Steering cell behavior through mechanobiology in 3D: A regenerative medicine perspective. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120572. [PMID: 33285439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mechanobiology, translating mechanical signals into biological ones, greatly affects cellular behavior. Steering cellular behavior for cell-based regenerative medicine approaches requires a thorough understanding of the orchestrating molecular mechanisms, among which mechanotransducive ones are being more and more elucidated. Because of their wide use and highly mechanotransduction dependent differentiation, this review focuses on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), while also briefly relating the discussed results to other cell types. While the mechanotransduction pathways are relatively well-studied in 2D, much remains unknown of the role and regulation of these pathways in 3D. Ultimately, cells need to be cultured in a 3D environment to create functional de novo tissue. In this review, we explore the literature on the roles of different material properties on cellular behavior and mechanobiology in 2D and 3D. For example, while stiffness plays a dominant role in 2D MSCs differentiation, it seems to be of subordinate importance in 3D MSCs differentiation, where matrix remodeling seems to be key. Also, the role and regulation of some of the main mechanotransduction players are discussed, focusing on MSCs. We have only just begun to fundamentally understand MSCs and other stem cells behavior in 3D and more fundamental research is required to advance biomaterials able to replicate the stem cell niche and control cell activity. This better understanding will contribute to smarter tissue engineering scaffold design and the advancement of regenerative medicine.
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Pope BD, Warren CR, Dahl MO, Pizza CV, Henze DE, Sinatra NR, Gonzalez GM, Chang H, Liu Q, Glieberman AL, Ferrier JP, Cowan CA, Parker KK. Fattening chips: hypertrophy, feeding, and fasting of human white adipocytes in vitro. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4152-4165. [PMID: 33034335 PMCID: PMC7818847 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00508h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose is a distributed organ that performs vital endocrine and energy homeostatic functions. Hypertrophy of white adipocytes is a primary mode of both adaptive and maladaptive weight gain in animals and predicts metabolic syndrome independent of obesity. Due to the failure of conventional culture to recapitulate adipocyte hypertrophy, technology for production of adult-size adipocytes would enable applications such as in vitro testing of weight loss therapeutics. To model adaptive adipocyte hypertrophy in vitro, we designed and built fat-on-a-chip using fiber networks inspired by extracellular matrix in adipose tissue. Fiber networks extended the lifespan of differentiated adipocytes, enabling growth to adult sizes. By micropatterning preadipocytes in a native cytoarchitecture and by adjusting cell-to-cell spacing, rates of hypertrophy were controlled independent of culture time or differentiation efficiency. In vitro hypertrophy followed a nonlinear, nonexponential growth model similar to human development and elicited transcriptomic changes that increased overall similarity with primary tissue. Cells on the chip responded to simulated meals and starvation, which potentiated some adipocyte endocrine and metabolic functions. To test the utility of the platform for therapeutic development, transcriptional network analysis was performed, and retinoic acid receptors were identified as candidate drug targets. Regulation by retinoid signaling was suggested further by pharmacological modulation, where activation accelerated and inhibition slowed hypertrophy. Altogether, this work presents technology for mature adipocyte engineering, addresses the regulation of cell growth, and informs broader applications for synthetic adipose in pharmaceutical development, regenerative medicine, and cellular agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Pope
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Curtis R Warren
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Madeleine O Dahl
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Christina V Pizza
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Douglas E Henze
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Nina R Sinatra
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Grant M Gonzalez
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Huibin Chang
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Qihan Liu
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Aaron L Glieberman
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - John P Ferrier
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Chad A Cowan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Kamikawa Y, Yokota K, Oikawa K, Sato F, Muragaki Y. Suppression of MKL1 promotes adipocytic differentiation and reduces the proliferation of myxoid liposarcoma cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:369. [PMID: 33154767 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) is thought to occur due to defective adipocytic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells. A promising strategy for MLS treatment is the prevention of sarcomagenesis by promoting the terminal differentiation of MLS cells into adipocytes. Previous studies have reported that the suppression of megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) expression induces adipocytic differentiation in preadipocyte cell lines. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of MKL1 suppression on MLS cells. In the present study, MKL1 knockdown was demonstrated to promote the adipocytic differentiation of an MLS-derived cell line, designated 1955/91, under adipogenic conditions. This suggests that therapeutic targeting of the MKL1-associated molecular pathway has potential as a promising method of MLS treatment. However, the induction of adipogenesis by MKL knockdown was incomplete, and Oil Red O staining indicated that intracellular lipid droplets were only sporadically generated. Conversely, MKL1 knockdown reduced the growth of the MLS cells. As adipocytic differentiation in vitro requires cellular confluence, the decreased growth rate of the MLS cells following MKL1 knockdown could be attributed to the incomplete induction of adipogenesis. Translocated in liposarcoma-CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (TLS-CHOP) is an MLS-specific oncoprotein that is thought to play key roles in sarcomagenesis and the suppression of adipocytic differentiation. However, the results of western blotting analyses suggest that TLS-CHOP has limited effects on MKL1 expression in MLS cells and that MKL1 knockdown hardly affects TLS-CHOP expression. Thus, it is postulated that the inhibitory effect of TLS-CHOP on adipogenesis is not associated with MKL1 expression. However, MKL1 and the molecular pathway involving MKL1 appear to be attractive targets for the differentiation therapy of MLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kamikawa
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kento Yokota
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kosuke Oikawa
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Muragaki
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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42
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Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor A (MRTF-A) Regulates the Balance between Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis of Human Adipose Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8853541. [PMID: 33029150 PMCID: PMC7527895 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8853541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) generates a link between the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton and gene expression with its coregulator, serum response factor (SRF). MRTF-A has also been suggested as a regulator of stem cell differentiation. However, the role of MRTF-A in human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation remains understudied. We aimed to elucidate whether MRTF-A is a potential regulator of human adipose stem cell (hASC) differentiation towards adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. To study the role of MRTF-A activity in the differentiation process, hASCs were cultured in adipogenic and osteogenic media supplemented with inhibitor molecules CCG-1423 or CCG-100602 that have been shown to block the expression of MRTF-A/SRF-activated genes. Our results of image-based quantification of Oil Red O stained lipid droplets and perilipin 1 staining denote that MRTF-A inhibition enhanced the adipogenic differentiation. On the contrary, MRTF-A inhibition led to diminished activity of an early osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase, and export of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins collagen type I and osteopontin. Also, quantitative Alizarin Red staining representing ECM mineralization was significantly decreased under MRTF-A inhibition. Image-based analysis of Phalloidin staining revealed that MRTF-A inhibition reduced the F-actin formation and parallel orientation of the actin filaments. Additionally, MRTF-A inhibition affected the protein amounts of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), myosin light chain (MLC), and phosphorylated MLC suggesting that MRTF-A would regulate differentiation through SRF activity. Our results strongly indicate that MRTF-A is an important regulator of the balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of hASCs through its role in mediating the cytoskeletal dynamics. These results provide MRTF-A as a new interesting target for guiding the stem cell differentiation in tissue engineering applications for regenerative medicine.
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Al-Sayegh MA, Mahmood SR, Khair SBA, Xie X, El Gindi M, Kim T, Almansoori A, Percipalle P. β-actin contributes to open chromatin for activation of the adipogenic pioneer factor CEBPA during transcriptional reprograming. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2511-2521. [PMID: 32877276 PMCID: PMC7851876 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-11-0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is regulated by a cascade of signals that drive transcriptional reprogramming in adipocytes. Here, we report that nuclear actin regulates the chromatin states that establish tissue- specific expression during adipogenesis. To study the role of β-actin in adipocyte differentiation, we conducted RNA sequencing on wild-type and β-actin knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) after reprograming to adipocytes. We found that β-actin depletion affects induction of several adipogenic genes during transcriptional reprograming. This impaired regulation of adipogenic genes is linked to reduced expression of the pioneer factor Cebpa and is rescued by reintroducing NLS-tagged β-actin. ATAC-Seq in knockout MEFs revealed that actin-dependent reduction of Cebpa expression correlates with decreased chromatin accessibility and loss of chromatin association of the ATPase Brg1. This, in turn, impairs CEBPB's association with its Cebpa promoter-proximal binding site during adipogenesis. We propose a role for the nuclear β-actin pool in maintaining open chromatin for transcriptional reprogramming during adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Al-Sayegh
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - S R Mahmood
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003
| | - S B Abul Khair
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - X Xie
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - M El Gindi
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - T Kim
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Almansoori
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - P Percipalle
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Arima Y, Nobusue H, Saya H. Targeting of cancer stem cells by differentiation therapy. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2689-2695. [PMID: 32462706 PMCID: PMC7419023 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a hallmark of cancer stem cells (CSCs). To develop novel therapeutic strategies that target CSCs, we established osteosarcoma-initiating (OSi) cells by introducing the c-Myc gene into bone marrow stromal cells derived from Ink4a/Arf KO mice. These OSi cells include bipotent committed cells (similar to osteochondral progenitor cells) with a high tumorigenic activity as well as tripotent cells (similar to mesenchymal stem cells) of low tumorigenicity. We recently showed that the tripotent OSi cells are highly resistant to chemotherapeutic agents, and that depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton in these cells induces their terminal adipocyte differentiation and suppresses their tumorigenicity. We here provide an overview of modulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics associated with terminal adipocyte differentiation in osteosarcoma as well as discuss the prospects for new therapeutic strategies that target chemoresistant CSCs by inducing their differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Arima
- Division of Gene RegulationInstitute for Advanced Medical ResearchKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Nobusue
- Division of Gene RegulationInstitute for Advanced Medical ResearchKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene RegulationInstitute for Advanced Medical ResearchKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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45
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Khan AU, Qu R, Fan T, Ouyang J, Dai J. A glance on the role of actin in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:283. [PMID: 32678016 PMCID: PMC7364498 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages including osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. An increasing number of studies have indicated that lineage commitment by MSCs is influenced by actin remodeling. Moreover, actin has roles in determining cell shape, nuclear shape, cell spreading, and cell stiffness, which eventually affect cell differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation is promoted in MSCs that exhibit a large spreading area, increased matrix stiffness, higher levels of actin polymerization, and higher density of stress fibers, whereas adipogenic differentiation is prevalent in MSCs with disrupted actin networks. In addition, the mechanical properties of F-actin empower cells to sense and transduce mechanical stimuli, which are also reported to influence differentiation. Various biomaterials, mechanical, and chemical interventions along with pathogen-induced actin alteration in the form of polymerization and depolymerization in MSC differentiation were studied recently. This review will cover the role of actin and its modifications through the use of different methods in inducing osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah Khan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongmei Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingyu Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxing Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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46
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Sen B, Paradise CR, Xie Z, Sankaran J, Uzer G, Styner M, Meyer M, Dudakovic A, van Wijnen AJ, Rubin J. β-Catenin Preserves the Stem State of Murine Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Through Activation of EZH2. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1149-1162. [PMID: 32022326 PMCID: PMC7295671 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) differentiation, both Wnt signaling and the development of a rigid cytoskeleton promote commitment to the osteoblastic over adipogenic lineage. β-catenin plays a critical role in the Wnt signaling pathway to facilitate downstream effects on gene expression. We show that β-catenin was additive with cytoskeletal signals to prevent adipogenesis, and β-catenin knockdown promoted adipogenesis even when the actin cytoskeleton was depolymerized. β-catenin also prevented osteoblast commitment in a cytoskeletal-independent manner, with β-catenin knockdown enhancing lineage commitment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing demonstrated binding of β-catenin to the promoter of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a key component of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) complex that catalyzes histone methylation. Knockdown of β-catenin reduced EZH2 protein levels and decreased methylated histone 3 (H3K27me3) at osteogenic loci. Further, when EZH2 was inhibited, β-catenin's anti-differentiation effects were lost. These results indicate that regulating EZH2 activity is key to β-catenin's effects on BMSCs to preserve multipotentiality. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buer Sen
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Christopher R Paradise
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jeyantt Sankaran
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Gunes Uzer
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Maya Styner
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Mark Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
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47
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Alcorta-Sevillano N, Macías I, Rodríguez CI, Infante A. Crucial Role of Lamin A/C in the Migration and Differentiation of MSCs in Bone. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061330. [PMID: 32466483 PMCID: PMC7348862 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamin A/C, intermediate filament proteins from the nuclear lamina encoded by the LMNA gene, play a central role in mediating the mechanosignaling of cytoskeletal forces into nucleus. In fact, this mechanotransduction process is essential to ensure the proper functioning of other tasks also mediated by lamin A/C: the structural support of the nucleus and the regulation of gene expression. In this way, lamin A/C is fundamental for the migration and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the progenitors of osteoblasts, thus affecting bone homeostasis. Bone formation is a complex process regulated by chemical and mechanical cues, coming from the surrounding extracellular matrix. MSCs respond to signals modulating the expression levels of lamin A/C, and therefore, adapting their nuclear shape and stiffness. To promote cell migration, MSCs need soft nuclei with low lamin A content. Conversely, during osteogenic differentiation, lamin A/C levels are known to be increased. Several LMNA mutations present a negative impact in the migration and osteogenesis of MSCs, affecting bone tissue homeostasis and leading to pathological conditions. This review aims to describe these concepts by discussing the latest state-of-the-art in this exciting area, focusing on the relationship between lamin A/C in MSCs' function and bone tissue from both, health and pathological points of view.
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48
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Aprile M, Cataldi S, Perfetto C, Ambrosio MR, Italiani P, Tatè R, Blüher M, Ciccodicola A, Costa V. In-Vitro-Generated Hypertrophic-Like Adipocytes Displaying PPARG Isoforms Unbalance Recapitulate Adipocyte Dysfunctions In Vivo. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051284. [PMID: 32455814 PMCID: PMC7290899 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced neo-adipogenesis and dysfunctional lipid-overloaded adipocytes are hallmarks of hypertrophic obesity linked to insulin resistance. Identifying molecular features of hypertrophic adipocytes requires appropriate in vitro models. We describe the generation of a model of human hypertrophic-like adipocytes directly comparable to normal adipose cells and the pathologic evolution toward hypertrophic state. We generate in vitro hypertrophic cells from mature adipocytes, differentiated from human mesenchymal stem cells. Combining optical, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy with mRNA/protein quantification, we characterize this cellular model, confirming specific alterations also in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Specifically, we report the generation and morphological/molecular characterization of human normal and hypertrophic-like adipocytes. The latter displays altered morphology and unbalance between canonical and dominant negative (PPARGΔ5) transcripts of PPARG, paralleled by reduced expression of PPARγ targets, including GLUT4. Furthermore, the unbalance of PPARγ isoforms associates with GLUT4 down-regulation in subcutaneous adipose tissue of individuals with overweight/obesity or impaired glucose tolerance/type 2 diabetes, but not with normal weight or glucose tolerance. In conclusion, the hypertrophic-like cells described herein are an innovative tool for studying molecular dysfunctions in hypertrophic obesity and the unbalance between PPARγ isoforms associates with down-regulation of GLUT4 and other PPARγ targets, representing a new hallmark of hypertrophic adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Aprile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso,” CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (C.P.); (R.T.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Simona Cataldi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso,” CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (C.P.); (R.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Caterina Perfetto
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso,” CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (C.P.); (R.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Ambrosio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II” & URT “Genomic of Diabetes,” Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore,” CNR, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Paola Italiani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosarita Tatè
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso,” CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (C.P.); (R.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 4289 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Alfredo Ciccodicola
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso,” CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (C.P.); (R.T.); (A.C.)
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples “Parthenope,” 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso,” CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (C.P.); (R.T.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (V.C.)
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All-trans retinoic acid induces reprogramming of canine dedifferentiated cells into neuron-like cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229892. [PMID: 32231396 PMCID: PMC7108708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The specification of cell identity depends on the exposure of cells to sequences of bioactive ligands. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) affects neuronal development in the early stage, and it is involved in neuronal lineage reprogramming. We previously established a fibroblast-like dedifferentiated fat cells (DFATs) derived from highly homogeneous mature adipocytes, which are more suitable for the study of cellular reprogramming. Canine cognitive dysfunction is similar to human cognitive dysfunction, suggesting that dogs could be a pathological and pharmacological model for human neuronal diseases. However, the effect of ATRA on neuronal reprogramming in dogs has remained unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of ATRA on the neuronal reprogramming of canine DFATs. ATRA induced the expression of neuronal marker mRNA/protein. The neuron-like cells showed Ca2+ influx with depolarization (50 mM KCl; 84.75 ± 4.05%) and Na+ channel activation (50 μM veratridine; 96.02 ± 2.02%). Optical imaging of presynaptic terminal activity and detection of neurotransmitter release showed that the neuron-like cells exhibited the GABAergic neuronal property. Genome-wide RNA-sequencing analysis shows that the transcriptome profile of canine DFATs is effectively reprogrammed towards that of cortical interneuron lineage. Collectively, ATRA can produce functional GABAergic cortical interneuron-like cells from canine DFATs, exhibiting neuronal function with > 80% efficiency. We further demonstrated the contribution of JNK3 to ATRA-induced neuronal reprogramming in canine DFATs. In conclusion, the neuron-like cells from canine DFATs could be a powerful tool for translational research in cell transplantation therapy, in vitro disease modeling, and drug screening for neuronal diseases.
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50
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Chang YH, Tsai JN, Chang SW, Hsu WT, Yang CP, Hsiao CW, Shiau MY. Regulation of Adipogenesis and Lipid Deposits by Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062172. [PMID: 32245267 PMCID: PMC7139951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As emerging evidence suggesting neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic diseases have common pathogenesis, we hypothesized that the neurite outgrowth-controlling collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) was involved in energy homeostasis. Therefore, putative roles of CRMP2 in adipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis) and lipid metabolism were explored and addressed in this study. CRMP2 expression profiles were in vitro and in vivo characterized during adipogenic process of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, respectively. Effects of CRMP2 on lipid metabolism and deposits were also analyzed. Our data revealed that CRMP2 expression pattern was coupled with adipogenic stages. CRMP2 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation at MCE phase, and significantly reduced lipid contents by down-regulating adipogenesis-driving transcription factors and lipid-synthesizing enzymes. Interestingly, GLUT4 translocation and the lipid droplets fusion were disturbed in CRMP2-silencing cells by affecting actin polymerization. Moreover, adipose CRMP2 was significantly increased in DIO mice, indicating CRMP2 is associated with obesity. Accordingly, CRMP2 exerts multiple functions in adipogenesis and lipid deposits through mediating cell proliferation, glucose/lipid metabolism and cytoskeleton dynamics. The present study identifies novel roles of CRMP2 in mediating adipogenesis and possible implication in metabolic disorders, as well as provides molecular evidence supporting the link of pathogenesis between neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Hsin Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (S.-W.C.); (W.-T.H.); (C.-P.Y.); (C.-W.H.)
| | - Jen-Ning Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (S.-W.C.); (W.-T.H.); (C.-P.Y.); (C.-W.H.)
| | - Wei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (S.-W.C.); (W.-T.H.); (C.-P.Y.); (C.-W.H.)
| | - Ching-Ping Yang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (S.-W.C.); (W.-T.H.); (C.-P.Y.); (C.-W.H.)
| | - Chiao-Wan Hsiao
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (S.-W.C.); (W.-T.H.); (C.-P.Y.); (C.-W.H.)
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yuh Shiau
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +886-4-26318652 (ext. 7090); Fax: +886-4-26331198
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